JP5226187B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000213 sulfino group Chemical group [H]OS(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006296 sulfonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NONOKGVFTBWRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioisocyanate group Chemical group S(N=C=O)N=C=O NONOKGVFTBWRLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Description
本発明において、HOMO、LUMOの値は、米国Gaussian社製の分子軌道計算用ソフトウェアであるGaussian98(Gaussian98、Revision A.11.4,M.J.Frisch,et al,Gaussian,Inc.,Pittsburgh PA,2002.)を用いて計算した時の値であり、キーワードとしてB3LYP/LanL2DZを用いて構造最適化を行うことにより算出した値(eV単位換算値)と定義する。この計算値が有効な背景には、この手法で求めた計算値と実験値の相関が高いためである。
本発明における転写とは、支持体上に有機層を有する転写材料から該有機層のみを基板上に積層させ、支持体等を剥離することを意味する。また、本発明における貼り合わせとは、電極(好ましくは陽極)上に有機層を積層させたものを基板上に貼り合わせることを意味する。
《転写材料》
以下、転写材料の構成及び内容について説明する。特に転写材料として支持体を用いる場合について説明する。転写材料は支持体と少なくとも一層の有機層を有する。工程に応じて、少なくとも一層の発光層を有する転写材料を使うことがある。
有機層(有機EL素子の有機層として機能する有機化合物を含有する層)は、支持体上に湿式法で作製するのが好ましい。有機層を設けた転写材料は、有機層毎に個々独立した転写材料として作製してもよいし、面順次に設けてもよい。即ち、素子の積層順に複数の有機層を1枚の支持体に設けてもよい。この転写材料を使用すれば、転写材料の交換の必要なしに複数の有機層を連続的に形成することができる。
支持体を用いて転写を行う場合、本発明に使用する支持体は化学的及び熱的に安定であって、可撓性を有する材料により構成されることが好ましい。具体的には、フッ素樹脂(例えば、4フッ化エチレン樹脂(PTFE)、3フッ化塩化エチレン樹脂(PCTFE))、ポリエステル(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN))、ポリアリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリオレフィン(例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン)、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)等の薄いシート、またはこれらの積層体が好ましい。支持体の厚さは1〜300μmが適当であり、更に3〜200μmが好ましく、特に3〜50μmであるのが好ましい。
本発明に係る有機層は、蒸着法、塗布法いずれでも形成可能であるがで塗布法で形成するのが好ましい。塗布法に際しては、スピンコート法、グラビアコート法、ディップコート法、キャスト法、ダイコート法、ロールコート法、バーコート法、エクストルージェンコート法、インクジェット塗布法等が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子の層構成について説明する。
(ii)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
上記有機EL素子を構成する、電極(陽極及び陰極)間に挟持された複数層のうち、有機層は2層以上であり、更に好ましくは3層以上である。
本発明の有機EL素子の発光層には、ホスト化合物を複数種併用して用いてもよい。ホスト化合物を複数種もちいることで電荷の移動を調整することが可能であり、有機EL素子を高効率化することができる。また、燐光性化合物を複数種用いることで異なる発光を混ぜることが可能となり、これにより任意の発光色を得ることができる。燐光性化合物の種類、ドープ量を調整することで白色発光が可能であり、照明、バックライトへの応用もできる。
本発明に用いられる正孔注入層、正孔輸送層は、陽極より注入された正孔を発光層に伝達する機能を有し、この正孔注入層、正孔輸送層を陽極と発光層の間に介在させることにより、より低い電界で多くの正孔が発光層に注入され、その上発光層に陰極、電子注入層、または電子輸送層より注入された電子は、発光層と正孔注入層もしくは正孔輸送層の界面に存在する電子の障壁により、発光層内の界面に累積され発光効率が向上するなど発光性能の優れた素子となる。
この正孔注入層、正孔輸送層の材料(以下、正孔注入材料、正孔輸送材料という)については、前記の陽極より注入された正孔を発光層に伝達する機能を有する性質を有するものであれば特に制限はなく、従来、光導伝性材料において、正孔の電荷注入輸送材料として慣用されているものや、有機EL素子の正孔注入層、正孔輸送層に使用される公知のものの中から任意のものを選択して用いることができる。
正孔注入層、正孔輸送層の膜厚については特に制限はないが、5nm〜5μm程度での範囲に調整することが好ましい。この正孔注入層、正孔輸送層は上記材料の一種または二種以上からなる一層構造であってもよく、同一組成または異種組成の複数層からなる積層構造であってもよい。
本発明に係る電子輸送層は、陰極より注入された電子を発光層に伝達する機能を有していればよく、その材料としては従来公知の化合物の中から任意のものを選択して用いることができる。
電子輸送層の膜厚は特に制限はないが、5nm〜5μmの範囲に調整することが好ましい。この電子輸送層は、これらの電子輸送材料一種または二種以上からなる一層構造であってもよいし、あるいは同一組成または異種組成の複数層からなる積層構造であってもよい。
次に有機EL素子の電極について説明する。有機EL素子の電極は陰極と陽極からなる。この有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAuなどの金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnOなどの導電性透明材料が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基材(以下、基板、基体、支持体、フィルム等ともいう)上に形成されているのが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子は、照明用や露光光源のような一種のランプとして使用してもよいし、画像を投影するタイプのプロジェクション装置や、静止画像や動画像を直接視認するタイプの表示装置(ディスプレイ)として使用してもよい。動画再生用の表示装置として使用する場合の駆動方式は、単純マトリクス(パッシブマトリクス)方式でもアクティブマトリクス方式でもどちらでもよい。または異なる発光色を有する本発明の有機EL素子を2種以上使用することにより、フルカラー表示装置を作製することが可能である。
本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層から放射された光の取り出し効率を向上させるため、基板の表面にプリズムやレンズ状の加工を施す、もしくは基板の表面にプリズムシートやレンズシートを貼りつけてもよい。
本発明に係るガスバリア層とは、酸素及び水蒸気の透過を阻止する層であれば、その組成等は特に限定されるものではない。酸素の透過度が23℃、0%RHにおいて0.005ml/m2/day以下が好ましく、またJIS K7129 B法に従って測定した水蒸気透過度が0.1g/m2/day以下が好ましい。本発明に係るガスバリア層を構成する材料として、具体的には無機酸化物が好ましく、酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウム、酸化窒化珪素、酸化窒化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ等を挙げることができる。
〔有機EL素子OLED1−1の作製〕
(A)転写材料Aの作製
ポリエーテルスルホン(住友ベークライト(株)製、厚さ188μm)の支持体の片面上に、下記の例示化合物A15の重合体、燐光性化合物1−1(質量比100:5)及びジクロロエタンを含む流動体をバーコータを用いて塗布し、室温で乾燥させることにより、厚さ40nmの発光層を支持体上に形成した転写材料Aを作製した。
ポリエーテルスルホン(住友ベークライト(株)製、厚さ188μm)の支持体の片面上に、下記の例示化合物A28の重合体及びジクロロエタンを含む流動体をバーコータを用いて塗布し、室温で乾燥させることにより、厚さ40nmの電子輸送層を支持体上に形成した転写材料Bを作製した。
基板として、厚さ100μmのポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(帝人・デユポン社製フィルム、以下PENと略記する)上に、下記の大気圧プラズマ放電処理装置及び放電条件で、図1記載プロファイル構成でガスバリア層を有する基板1を作製した。
図2の大気圧プラズマ放電処理装置を用い、誘電体で被覆したロール電極及び複数の角筒型電極のセットを以下のように作製した。
下記の条件でプラズマ放電を行って、厚さ約50nmの密着層を形成した。
放電ガス:窒素ガス 94.5体積%
薄膜形成性ガス:ヘキサメチルジシロキサン
(リンテック社製気化器にて窒素ガスに混合して気化) 0.5体積%
添加ガス:酸素ガス 5.0体積%
〈電源条件:第1電極側の電源のみを使用した〉
第1電極側 電源種類 応用電機社製高周波電源
周波数 80kHz
出力密度 10W/cm2
上記形成した第1層(密着層)の密度は、前述のマックサイエンス社製MXP21を用いたX線反射率法で測定した結果、1.90であった。
下記の条件でプラズマ放電を行って、厚さ約30nmのセラミック層を形成した。
放電ガス:窒素ガス 94.9体積%
薄膜形成性ガス:ヘキサメチルジシロキサン
(リンテック社製気化器にて窒素ガスに混合して気化) 0.1体積%
添加ガス:酸素ガス 5.0体積%
〈電源条件〉
第1電極側 電源種類 応用電機社製高周波電源
周波数 80kHz
出力密度 10W/cm2
第2電極側 電源種類 パール工業社製高周波電源
周波数 13.56MHz
出力密度 10W/cm2
上記形成した第2層(セラミック層)の密度は、前述のマックサイエンス社製MXP21を用いたX線反射率法で測定した結果、2.20であった。
下記の条件でプラズマ放電を行って、厚さ約200nmの保護層を形成した。
放電ガス:窒素ガス 93.0体積%
薄膜形成性ガス:ヘキサメチルジシロキサン
(リンテック社製気化器にて窒素ガスに混合して気化) 2.0体積%
添加ガス:酸素ガス 5.0体積%
〈電源条件:第1電極側の電源のみを使用した〉
第1電極側 電源種類 応用電機社製高周波電源
周波数 80kHz
出力密度 10W/cm2
上記形成した第3層(保護層)の密度は、前述のマックサイエンス社製MXP21を用いたX線反射率法で測定した結果、1.95であった。
上記基板Aの正孔輸送層の上面に転写材料Aの発光層側を重ね、転写材料Aの支持体側から0.3MPaの加圧力の1対のローラー(一方が155℃の加熱ローラー)の間を0.05m/分の速度で通すことにより、転写材料Aの支持体側から加熱しながら加圧し、支持体を引き剥がすことにより、正孔輸送層の上面に発光層を形成した。
反応容器に例示化合物A15、1.34g(2.5mmol)、2,2′−アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(AIBN)0.010g(0.061mmol)、酢酸ブチル30mlを入れて窒素置換を行った後、80℃で10時間反応させた。反応後、アセトンに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾過によりポリマーを回収した。回収したポリマーのクロロホルム溶液をメタノール中に投入して再沈殿させることを更に2回行うことにより精製し、回収後真空乾燥して、目的とする例示化合物A15の重合体1.20gを粉末として得た。
有機EL素子OLED1−1の製造方法において、転写材料Aの材料の組み合わせを表1のように代えた以外は、有機EL素子OLED1−1の製造方法と同様の製造方法で有機EL素子OLED1−2〜1−11を作製した。
(A)貼り合せ基材Aの作製
ガスバリア層を有する基材1上に厚さ200nmのアルミニウム(陰極)を蒸着形成し、更に上記の例示化合物A28の重合体及びジクロロエタンを含む流動体をバーコータを用いて塗布し、室温で乾燥させることにより、厚さ40nmの電子輸送層を支持体上に形成した貼り合せ基材Aを作製した。
有機EL素子OLED1−1と同様に基板Aの正孔輸送層の上面に、転写材料Aの発光層側を重ね、更に転写材料Aの支持体側から0.3MPaの加圧力の1対のローラー(一方が155℃の加熱ローラー)の間を0.05m/分の速度で通すことにより、転写材料Aの支持体側から加熱しながら加圧し、支持体を引き剥がすことにより、正孔輸送層の上面に発光層を形成した。
有機EL素子OLED1−1の製造方法において、転写の際、加圧力の1対のローラーの代わりにレーザーを用いて転写を行った以外は、有機EL素子OLED1−1の製造方法と同様の製造方法で有機EL素子OLED1−13を作製した。
有機EL素子OLED1−12の製造方法において、転写材料Aの材料の組み合わせを表1に示すように代えた以外は、有機EL素子OLED1−12の製造方法と同様の製造方法で有機EL素子OLED1−14を作製した。
以下のようにして得られた有機EL素子の評価を行い、結果を表2に示す。
有機EL素子の温度23℃、10V直流電圧を印加した時の発光輝度(cd/m2)を測定した。発光輝度は有機EL素子OLED1−11を100とした時の相対値で表した。発光輝度については、CS−1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いて測定した。
各有機EL素子を50℃の一定条件で初期輝度1000cd/m2を与える電流で定電流駆動して、初期輝度の1/2(500cd/m2)になる時間を求め、これを50℃駆動寿命の尺度とした。なお、50℃駆動寿命は比較の有機EL素子OLED1−11を100とした時の相対値で表した。
有機EL素子を60℃、70%Rhの条件で1ヶ月保存後、実施例1と同様に発光輝度(cd/m2)を測定した。経時安定性は保存前の発光輝度測定値に対して相対値で表した。
また15mA/cm2の一定電流で30時間駆動させた後に、2mm×2mm四方の範囲での目視で確認できる非発光点(ダークスポット)の数を測定した。
実施例1で作製した本発明の有機EL素子OLED1−1の燐光性化合物をIr−1に換えた以外は、同様にして作製した緑色発光有機EL素子と、本発明の有機EL素子OLED1−1の燐光性化合物をIr−9に置き換えた以外は、同様にして作製した赤色発光有機EL素子を同一基板上に並置し、図4に示すアクティブマトリックス方式フルカラー表示装置を作製した。図5には作製したフルカラー表示装置の表示部Aの模式図のみを示した。即ち同一基板上に複数の走査線5及びデータ線6を含む配線部と、並置した複数の画素3(発光の色が赤領域の画素、緑領域の画素、青領域の画素等)とを有し、配線部の走査線5及び複数のデータ線6はそれぞれ導電材料からなり、走査線5とデータ線6は格子状に直交して、直交する位置で画素3に接続している(詳細は図示せず)。
《照明装置の作製》
実施例2で作製した青色発光、緑色発光及び赤色発光の有機EL素子各々の非発光面をガラスケースで覆い、照明装置とした。照明装置は発光効率が高く、発光寿命の長い白色光を発する薄型の照明装置として使用することができた。図6は照明装置の概略図で、図7は照明装置の断面図である。有機EL素子101をガラスカバー102で覆った。105は陰極で106は有機EL層、107は透明電極付きガラス基板である。なおガラスカバー102内には窒素ガス108が充填され、捕水剤109が設けられている。
35 ロール電極
36 電極
41、42 電源
51 ガス供給装置
55 電極冷却ユニット
100 ITO基板
111 正孔輸送層
112 発光層
113 電子輸送層
114 陰極
115 ガスバリア膜
10 インクジェット式ヘッド
D 液滴
1 ディスプレイ
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
A 表示部
B 制御部
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
106 有機EL層
105 陰極
102 ガラスカバー
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (7)
- 基板上に電極と少なくとも2層の有機層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、該有機層の少なくとも1層は下記一般式(1)で表される燐光性化合物及び、下記一般式(2)、(4)または(5)で表されるホスト化合物を含有する発光層であり、該有機層の少なくとも1層は電子輸送層であり、更に該発光層は転写または貼り合せにより形成されることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記基板がガスバリア層を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 青色に発光することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 白色に発光することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項6に記載の照明装置と表示手段としての液晶素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
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