CN1186442A - 制备单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体的共轭物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供制备有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少凝集量的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物的方法。共轭物的制备是在溶液中约25℃至37℃培育卡利许霉素衍生物和蛋白质载体约15分钟至24小时,溶液包括非亲核,蛋白质相容的缓冲液,选自丙二醇,乙醇,DMSO,及其组合的助溶剂和至少包括一个C6-C18羧酸的添加剂,其pH范围约为4.0至8.5,和回收单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物。共轭物还可在包括非亲核,蛋白质相容的缓冲液和助溶剂叔丁醇的溶液中培育卡利许霉素衍生物和蛋白质载体。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种制备单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体的共轭物的方法。
发明背景
自从1970年代公开了发现制备单克隆抗体的方法(G.Kohler和C.Milstein;自然,256:495(1975))以来,人们曾作了许多尝试用这些蛋白质选择性地定向结合目标抗肿瘤试剂来抗肿瘤。(如见,T.Ghose和A.H.Blair,CRC关键Rev药物载体系统(CRC Critical Rev.Drug Carrier Systems),3:263,1987,G.A.Koppel,生物共轭化学(Bioconjugate Chem.1:13,1990和J.Upeslacis和L.Hinman,Ann.Rep.Med.Chem.23:151,1988)。尽管该领域仍有进展,但是许多经典的抗肿瘤试剂由于多种原因而产生了效率相当低的抗体共轭物。低效率的一个原因是缺少化学治疗的效力。
有效的抗菌和抗肿瘤试剂类被称为卡利许霉素或LL-E33288混合物,在美国专利No.4,970,188(1990)中有所描述。最有效的试剂是命名为γl 1,这里只简单参照为γ。这些化合物含有一个甲基三硫化物,它可与合适的硫醇反应形成二硫键,同时加入一个有用于使卡利许霉素衍生物与载体连接的官能团如酰肼或其它官能团。这些与卡利许霉素反应的例子在美国专利No.5,053,394中有所描述,其中也公开了卡利许霉素的定向(靶向)形式。
限制上述共轭物的用途的因素是当可与载体共轭连接的卡利许霉素衍生物的量(即药物负荷量)增加时,它们易形成凝聚体。理想的是在载体上应有尽可能多的药物负荷,且其同时应保持对载体蛋白的亲和性,因为较高的药物负荷可提高共轭物的固有的效率。凝聚体必须在治疗过程中被除去,凝聚体的存在也将使这些共轭物的规模放大制备更困难,并降低产物的得率。因此,卡利许霉素在载体蛋白上的负荷量(药物负荷量),在共轭反应中形成的凝聚体的量,以及最终可获得的纯化的单体共轭物的得率均有关联。因此,在较高的药物负荷量和最终单体的得率间必须通过调节加入共轭反应的起反应的卡利许霉素衍生物的量来进行折衷。
用欧洲专利No.0689845中描述的连接剂进行共轭反应时卡利许霉素共轭物有凝集趋势特别成问题。在这种情况下,生成的共轭物很大部分是以凝集的形式存在难以进行纯化以用于治疗给药。对于一些载体蛋白来说,除非小规模制备否则甚至不可能制成适中负荷的共轭物,因此,非常有必要有一种使胞毒药物如卡利许霉素与载体共轭结合以减少凝集量从而使药物负荷尽可能高且有合理的产物得率的方法。好的生物活性所需的实际药物负荷,在纯化过程中可完全除去的凝集量和最后可获得的共轭物的得率需要个别一一测定。
发明概要
本发明的卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物有下列化学式
Pr(-X-S-S-W)m
其中:
Pr为一种蛋白质载体,
X是一种连接剂,它包括任何可与蛋白质载体反应的反应基团的产物,
W是通过除去天然存在的甲基三硫化物基团后形成的卡利许霉素基团;和
m是0.5至15的数。
本发明含制备有较高药物负荷/得率和减少凝集的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体的方法包括步骤:
(1)使卡利许霉素衍生物和蛋白质载体在一个非亲核的,蛋白质相容的,适当pH范围约为4.0至8.5的缓冲液中培育,溶液还包括(a)一个选自丙二醇,乙醇,DMSO,及其组合的一种助溶剂,和(b)一种至少包括一个C6-C18羧酸的添加剂,在约25℃至约37℃在其中培育约15分钟至约24小时;和
(2)纯化步骤(1)生成的共轭物以生产单体共轭物。
本发明制备有较高药物负荷/得率和减少凝集的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体的另一种方法包括步骤:
(1)使卡利许霉素衍生物和蛋白质载体在一个非亲核的,蛋白质相容的,适当pH范围约为4.0至8.5的缓冲液中培育,溶液还包括叔丁醇助溶剂,在其中培育在约25℃至约37℃进行约15分钟至约24小时;和
(2)纯化步骤(1)生成的共轭物以生产单体共轭物。
发明详细描述
本发明的共轭物包括一种用连接剂衍生的治疗试剂,连接剂包括任何与蛋白质靶载体反应的(活性)反应基团利用。特殊的助溶剂和添加剂可诱导形成这些共轭物的单体而不是凝集形式,并可允许有较高的药物负荷/得率而没有过多的凝集。单体形式有医疗价值。
载体
本发明的载体最好是蛋白质载体。载体分子包括生长因子,抗体,抗体片段,及其基因工程或酶工程生产的类似物,后面或以单独名称提及或总称为载体基团。载体必要的性质是它应能识别抗原或与不需要的细胞连接的受体。美国专利No.5,053,394给出了载体的例子,这些载体也适用于本发明。用于本发明的较佳的载体是人的或人化的抗体。
这里例举的具体的载体例子是抗体P67.6,A33,CT-M-01(也称为7F11C7)和Waldman的“antiTac”抗体。这些抗体在这里以两种型式使用:一种是鼠型,用“m”标明(如m-P67.6),和另一种基因工程生产的人化型,其在合适情况下用“h”标明(如h-P67.6)。抗体人化的基础技术在Winter的美国专利No.5,225,539(1993)和Adair的PCT公开号WO 91/09967(1987)中公开。m-P67.6在I.D.Bernstein等人的临床研究杂志(J.Clin.Invest.)的79卷:1153页(1987)和I.D.Bernstein等人的免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)128卷:867-881页(1992)中公开,它可识别CD33抗原该,抗原在某些人骨髓肿瘤占优势(很丰富),特别是急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)。另一种可用的抗体是MOPC-21,它是一种非靶向性抗体,它的共轭物可用作显示另一种抗体共轭物的靶向作用的对照品。这种鼠型抗体公开在Melchers,F.,生物化学杂志(Biochem.J.)119卷:765-772页中。
欧洲专利申请号No.0689845公开了本发明最常采用的一种特殊的h-P67.6的DNA编码并预测了其不同部位的氨基酸顺序。该抗体的构架是人IgG4的EU构架,见Gottlieb等人的论文生物化学(Biochemistry)9卷:3115至3161页(1970)。抗体用PCT申请号No.WO91/09967中描述的常用方法制备。
欧洲专利申请号No.86401482.4/0208615中公开了抗体m-CT-M-01,它可识别许多人类固体肿瘤,特别是乳房,肺和卵巢肿瘤上的聚上皮细胞粘蛋白(PEM)抗原。在PCT公开号No.WO93/06231(1993)中描述了该抗体的人化型h-CT-M-01。在美国专利No.5,160,723和5,431,897中公开了抗体m-A33,它是一种可识别在结肠癌细胞上的糖蛋白抗原的鼠型抗体。PCT专利公开号No.WO94/13805(1994年6月23日)中公开了该抗体的人化型h-A33。在T.A.Waldman等人的论文免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.)126卷:1393页(1981)中公开了Anti-Tac,它是一种与激活的和有功能作用的成熟T细胞(其中包括激活的白血病细胞)上的IL-2受体反应的鼠型抗体。
治疗试剂
本发明适用的治疗试剂是结合到DNA上并破坏DNA的胞毒抗生素。较佳的胞毒试剂是甲基三硫化物抗肿瘤抗生素卡利许霉素。适用于本发明的卡利许霉素的例子公开在如美国专利No.5,503,394中。也可参见美国专利No.4,671,958;4,970,198;5,037,651和5,079,233。较佳的卡利许霉素是N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素类的γ卡利许霉素。N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素的共轭态的结构如下表示。
卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物
本发明的共轭物有下列化学式
Pr(-X-S-S-W)m
其中:
Pr为一种蛋白质载体,
X是一种连接剂,它包括有任何可与蛋白质载体反应的反应基团的产物,
W是通过除去天然存在的甲基三硫化物基团后形成的卡利许霉素基团;和
m是0.5至15的数。
X最好有化学式Z-Sp,其中:
Sp是直链或支链的二价或三价(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价芳基或杂芳基团,二价或三价(C3-C18)的环烷基或杂环烷基基团,二价或三价的芳基-芳基或杂芳基-芳基(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价的环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基(C1-C18)基团或二价或三价(C2-C18)不饱和烷基基团,其中杂芳基最好是呋喃基,噻嗯基,N-甲基吡咯基,吡啶基(pyridinly),N-甲基咪唑基,噁唑基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,N-甲基咔唑基,氨基香豆素基或吩嗪基,其中如果Sp是三价基团,Sp还可被低碳(C1-C5)二烷基氨基,低碳(C1-C5)烷氧基,羟基,或低碳(C1-C5)硫代烷基基团替代;和
Z是-NHC(=O)-,-CH=NNHC(=O)-,-CH2NHNHC(=O)-,-CH=NNHC(=O)NH-,-CH2NHNHC(=O)NH-,-CH=NNHC(=S)NH-,-CH2NHNHC(=S)NH-,-CH=N-,-CH2NH-,-OC(=O)-,-SS-,
或者X的化学式为
(CO-Alk1-Sp1-Ar-Sp2-Alk2-C(Z1)=Q-Sp)
其中Alk1和Alk2各自代表一个键或有支链或无支链的(C1-C10)的亚烷基链;
Sp1是一个键,-S-,-O-,-CONH-,-NHCO-,-NR′-,-N(CH2CH2)2N-,或-X-Ar′-Y-(CH2)n-Z,其中X,Y,和Z各自为一个键,-NR′-,-S-或-O-,限制条件是当n=0时,Y和Z中的至少一个为一个键,且Ar1是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,限制条件是当Alk1是一个键时,Sp1是一个键;
n是0至5间的整数;
R′是有支链或无支链的(C1-C5)链,它可任意被-OH,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,(C1-C3)二烷基氨基,或(C1-C3)三烷基铵-A-中的一个或两个基团取代,其中A-是药学上可接受的成盐阴离子;
Ar是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如前面所确定的,或Ar为1,2-,1,3-,1,4-,1,5-,1,6-,1,7-,1,8-,2,3-,2,6-,或2,7-亚萘基或每个亚萘基或吩噻嗪可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′-,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个,三个或四个基团取代,其中n和R′是如前面所确定的,限制条件是当Ar是吩噻嗪时,Sp1是一个仅与氮连接的键;
Sp2是一个键,-S-,或-O-,限制条件是当Alk2是一个键时,Sp2是一个键;
Z1是H,(C1-C5)烷基或苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如前面所确定的;
Sp是直链或支链的二价或三价(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价芳基或杂芳基基团,二价或三价(C3-C18)的环烷基或杂环烷基基团,二价或三价的芳基-芳基或杂芳基-芳基(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价的环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基(C1-C18)基团或二价或三价(C2-C18)不饱和烷基基团,其中杂芳基最好是呋喃基,噻嗯基,N-甲基吡咯基,吡啶基(pyridinyl),N-甲基咪唑基,噁唑基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,N-甲基咔唑基,氨基香豆素基或吩嗪基,其中如果Sp是三价基团,Sp还可被低碳(C1-C5)二烷基氨基,低碳(C1-C5)烷氧基,羟基,或低碳(C1-C5)硫代烷基基团替代;和
Q是=NHNCO-,=NHNCS-,=NHNCONH-,=NHNCSNH-,或=NHO-。
其中较佳的是,Alk1是有支链或无支链(C1-C10)亚烷基链;Sp是一个键,-S-,-O-,-CONH-,-NHCO-或-NR′,其中R′如前面所确定的,限制条件是当Alk1是一个键时,Sp1是一个键;
Ar是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如前面所确定的,或Ar为1,2-,1,3-,1,4-,1,5-,1,6-,1,7-,1,8-,2,3-,2,6-,或2,7-亚萘基,每个亚萘基可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个,三个或四个基团取代;
Z1是(C1-C5)烷基或苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代;
Alk2和Sp2同为一个键;和
Sp和Q如上面贴近部份所确定的。
卡利许霉素可以和如抗体上的赖氨酸残基连接。在美国专利No.5,053,394中公开的与赖氨酸的连接产生了在通常生理条件下对水解稳定的共轭物。
美国专利No.5,053,394也公开了一种共轭物一种亲核卡利许霉素衍生物,如酰肼,其可在弱酸性条件下与抗体上的高碘酸氧化的碳水化合物反应。这产生了一种席夫碱或其衍生物,如腙,如果需要它还可用如氰基氢硼化物还原以生成对水解稳定的共轭物。
欧洲专利申请号No.0689845公开了可与从卡利许霉素获得的亲核衍生物,特别是酰肼和相关的亲核试剂一起使用的其他连接剂。这些连接剂在一些场合(如,P67.6)下是有用的,当在药物和连接剂间的连接键可以水解时,可获得较好的活性。这些连接剂有两种官能团。一种基团通常是用于和载体反应的羧酸。当酸基团被适当激活后,它可与载体上的一个自由的氨基,如单克隆抗体载体的赖氨酸侧链上的氨基形成一个酰胺键。另一种官能团通常是羰基即醛基或酮基,它可与经适当修饰的治疗试剂反应。羰基基团可与药物上的酰肼基团反应生成一个腙键。该键在靶细胞上可水解释放共轭物中的治疗试剂。
本发明采用的最佳的双重官能团连接剂是4-(4-乙酰基苯氧基)丁酸(AcBut),它可形成一个较佳的产物,其中共轭物(包括γ卡利许霉素或N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素)通过与3-巯基-3-甲基丁酸酰肼,连接剂4-(4-乙酰基苯氧基)丁酸(AcBut)和人或人化的单克隆抗体靶载体反应而官能化。
单体共轭物
卡利许霉素的天然疏水性质使得在制备有医疗应用所必需的高药物负荷量和合理得率的单体共轭物的过程中产生了困难。连接剂如在欧洲专利申请号No.0689845中公开的AcBut连接剂增加了连接键的疏水性,并增加了治疗试剂和单克隆抗体(MoAb)间的共价间距,从而恶化了这个问题。
由于卡利许霉素的天然疏水性质,在较高的药物负荷量时产生了卡利许霉素/载体共轭物的凝集。为获得合理的单体产物量就必须限制药物负荷量。在一些情况下,如在欧洲专利申请号No.0689845中公开的共轭物,由于过度的凝集,因此采用美国专利No.5,053,394所公开条件的反应条件不能制成可用得率的有用于治疗用途的负荷量的共轭物。这些反应条件在共轭反应中用DMF作为助溶剂。因此需要有一种能有较高负荷量/得率而无凝集和无物质固有损失的方法。
人化载体包括(但不局限于)蛋白质,如这里用于寻靶胞毒治疗试剂的人或人化的单克隆抗体,如P67.6和其它在这里公开的人化单克隆抗体,对于这些人化载体采用一种非亲核,蛋白质相容的缓冲液可生成有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少凝集并有很好活性的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物,其中缓冲液含有(i)助溶剂丙二醇(PG)和(ii)至少包括一个C6-C18的羧酸的添加剂。较佳的酸为C7-C12酸,最佳的酸是辛酸(CA)。对于从OSu酯或其它比较活化的酯制备的共轭物的较佳的缓冲液是磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)或N-2-羟乙基派嗪-N′-2-乙烷磺酸(Hepes缓冲液),而对于从抗体的氧化碳水化合物制备的共轭物的较佳的缓冲液是乙酸钠。这些共轭反应所用的缓冲液不能含游离的氨基或亲核试剂。对于其它类型的共轭物的可接受的缓冲液可由该领域技术人员预先确定。或者,采用非亲核,蛋白质相容的含有叔丁醇而不含添加剂的缓冲液也可产生有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少凝集的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体。
所用助溶剂的量是单体共轭有效量,其可由该领域技术人员不预先做试验即可确定。添加剂的量是单体共轭物加强有效量。其也可由该领域技术人员不预先做试验即可确定。丙二醇(PG)加入量为总溶液体积的约10%至约60%,较佳的为约10%至约40%,最佳的为约30%,添加剂至少包括一个C6-C18的羧酸,较佳的为辛酸,其用量为约20mM至约100mM,较佳的为约40mM至约90mM,最佳的为约60mM*,添加剂加入共轭反应以产生有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少量凝集的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体。一些或所有的PG助溶剂用于将药物转移入共轭混合物中。当用于转移药物的助溶剂占共轭混合物总体积的10%或更少时,它可任意被乙醇或DMSO代替。
或者,C6-C18羧酸,较佳的为辛酸的浓度可增加至150-300mM,助溶剂降低至含1-10%的丙二醇,乙醇或DMSO,其较佳的为200mM辛酸和5%的丙二醇或乙醇。
另外,在共轭反应中可加入总溶液体积的约10%至约25%,最好为约15%的叔丁醇,以产生有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少量凝集的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体。
在前面的反应中,MoAb的浓度为约1至约15mg/ml,药物即AcBut卡利许霉素的浓度为约0.025至约1mg/ml。反应在PBS或醋酸缓冲液中进行,pH为约4.0至约8.5(它与制备的共轭物的类型有关),温度为约室温(25℃)至约37℃,反应时间从15分钟至24小时。共轭物可用常规方法例如HPLC,FPLC或SEPHACRYL S-200TM回收纯化,纯化过的共轭物是单体形式的,它含有约2至约6摩尔/摩尔药物/MoAb、
助溶剂和/或添加剂的加入可改变缓冲液的pH值,因此需要调节溶液的pH至较佳的约4.0至8.5的pH范围。含有助溶剂和添加剂的缓冲液对于从OSu酯制备的共轭物的较佳pH值为7.0至8.5,或对于从抗体的氧化的碳水化合物制备的共轭物约为4.0至6.5。最佳的是,含有助溶剂和添加剂的缓冲液对于从OSu酯制备的共轭物的较佳pH值为7.7,或对于从抗体的氧化的碳水化合物制备的共轭物约为5.5。其它类型的共轭物的可接受的pH范围可很容易被该领域技术人员所确定。
对于各种鼠型单克隆抗体,采用含前述添加剂的其它组合可提高药物负荷量和单体共轭物的得率,应当理解任何具体的蛋白质载体对确切条件或添加剂的选择需要作些改动以达到最佳的效果。
较佳实施例的具体描述
本发明在下面还描述了具体的工作实施例,它用于进一步描述本发明而无限制意义。
实施例1
在DMF中的共轭反应:采用不同的DMF浓度,药物/蛋白质比例和缓冲液。
第一组是用不同的DMF浓度,药物/蛋白质比例和缓冲液对鼠和人的P67.6上的N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素进行试验,其中N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素通过3-巯基-3-甲基丁酸酰肼连接在连接剂4-(4-乙酰基苯氧基)丁酸上的反应而官能化并以OSc酯激活(这里称为AcBut卡利许霉素)。结果说明当药物负荷量为1.5-3摩尔药物/摩尔蛋白质时,由于物质凝集而有损失,这些“标准”的条件只产生得率20-30%的单体共轭物,因此需要改变条件。
在含4.5-5mg/mL蛋白质的PBS缓冲液的蛋白质溶液(50mM磷酸钠,100mMNaCl,pH7.4)中加入含6摩尔当量药物的DMF溶液(3.3mg/ml),并再加入DMF至最后浓度为25%。将它在室温下轻微搅拌并培育过夜。然后对体积小于0.5mL用FPLC SuperoseTM或大体积用SEPHACRYL S-200TM以纯化共轭的蛋白质。
对于mP67.6(大批量),结果在药物负荷量为1.9M/M时仅有32%的单体蛋白质得率。对于hP67.6,单体蛋白质得率在药物负荷量为2.9M/M时为26%。因此,尽管单体药物负荷量是可接受的,但是纯化困难及由于凝集而有物质损失所导致的低得率被认为不能用来进一步开发和放大。
进行一次药物负荷量对30%DMF内单体得率比较试验,用hP67.6中的pH7.4PBS中溶液以及各种当量(5-9.5M/M)的药物。所有的样品在室温下培育过夜,在PD10柱上用PBS交换,并用分光光度计分析蛋白质得率和药物负荷量。然后样品还用ZorbaxTM GF-250,在0.2M,pH7磷酸钠,及pH7.4用PBS中的SuperoseTM进行HPLC分析。然后在PBS中用FPLC SuperoseTM进行纯化。结果是:可获得的最大负荷量是3-3.5M/M,但得率相当低(<20%)。
如上所述进行类似的负荷量测定,只是用Hepes缓冲液(100mM,pH7)代替PBS缓冲液。结果是:除了在柱上有凝集物沉淀析出或粘着外并无其它不同,因此在最后纯化中没有发现有凝集物。然后如上进行负荷量研究,但是在缓冲液中加入0.5M NaClO4。它用作药物的可能的增溶剂。结果是:没有明显的优点。
然后在Hepes缓冲液(50mM,pH7.4)中而不是PBS中进行一个附加的研究。结果是:无明显优点。
实施例2
人化抗体的优化试验
解离凝集物的实验
在这方面还没有发现比最初的方法有所改进。研究了导致凝集量减少的条件或许可增加药物负荷量和/或纯化单体更高的得率的可能性。所有迹象表明凝集的共轭物是可能由于疏水作用而非共价缔合的,假定研究它们的性质是有启发的。因此首先进行试验寻找可破坏已形成的凝集物的添加剂。假定任何具有这种活性的物质如果用于共轭反应时也可防止凝集(从而增加单体的得率)。所用试剂的选择根据是FDA已认可它们用作药物添加剂的安全性,它们使疏水物质增溶的有效性和/或它们与蛋白质的相容性。通过这些研究鉴定出三种有效的添加剂。
不同的添加剂的十二种排列变换被用来排除凝集。将hP67.6-AcBut卡利许霉素共轭纯化反应获得的含有~25%二聚物被的凝集物浓缩至0.7mg/ml蛋白质。在富含二聚物的hP67.6AcBut中加入等分的各种添加剂:PBS,0.3M甘氨酸,0.2M甘氨酸+2%麦芽糖,0.1M甘氨酸+0.1M组氨酸,1%Pluronic F-68,80mM辛酸,40mM辛酸+6mM N-乙酰基-色氨酸,1%苯甲醇,0.5%苯甲酸钠,33%丙二醇,和25%甘油。每份处理的等份在室温下培育过夜,然后用ZorbaxTM GF-250和SuperoseTM12用双检测器在280和333nm进行凝胶过滤HPLC分析。对于凝集物(或二聚物)对单体的比例和总的单体得率都进行分析。结果是:丙二醇(PG),辛酸(CA)和甘油在减少二聚物而不减少蛋白质得率方面比其它添加剂好。它们可减少凝集物50-90%而其它添加剂基本上无影响。
实施例3
采用无凝集的添加剂的共轭反应
根据这些结果,在共轭反应中采用PG,CA和甘油。此外,还试验了异丙醇和叔丁醇。异丙醇和叔丁醇曾以低百分含量用作蛋白质的助溶剂而对蛋白质没有明显危害(个人观察)。
在25%PG,80mM CA,25%甘油,25%异丙醇(IPA),25%叔丁醇,或25%PG+80mM CA存在时进行hP67.6与AcBut-卡利许霉素的共轭反应。所有反应均在含3.25mg/ml蛋白质(最终浓度)的PBS,pH7.4,6摩尔药物/摩尔MoAb中进行。所有反应与在25%DMF中进行的对照共轭反应比较,然而所有的测试溶液含有来自药物原料的~5%DMF。在25%PG或25%DMF中也进行4M/M药物的共轭反应以作对照。所有的样品在室温下培育过夜,在PD10柱上用PBS交换,并用分光光度计分析蛋白质得率和药物负荷量。然后样品还在ZorbaxTM和SuperoseTM上进行HPLC分析。在共轭反应后,共轭物在FPLC SuperoseTM上纯化。结果是:除甘油(低负荷量)外,所有的这些添加剂都是有利的。在共轭物得率,药物负荷量和减少凝集方面PG+CA是最佳的。
因此,下面进行一系列的CA和其它添加剂的组合的研究,PG浓度的优化和与叔丁醇直接比较。
如上所述由于PG中加入CA看上去提高了蛋白质得率,药物负荷量并减少了凝集,因此对hP67.6用PG,叔丁醇或异丙醇(均为25%),及有或没有CA(80mM)进行共轭反应以观察CA是否能与其它添加剂协同加强作用。反应条件和分析方法如上,结果是:叔丁醇和CA在这些条件下是不相容的,而异丙醇在提高得率和减少凝集方面没有PG的效果好。
当所用PG为10,15或20%及CA是40或80mM时,进行共轭反应以优化PG+CA的反应条件。分析方法如上。结果是:20%PG和80mM的效果最佳,其形成3-3.8的负荷量,得率大于60%。结论:叔丁醇可有效地代替PG/CA,因此还要进行试验以确证这个结论并优化用叔丁醇时的条件。
对PBS中的hP67.6用5-20%的叔丁醇和6-10当量的药物进行共轭反应。结果是:10%的叔丁醇对于6当量的药物是足够的,产生的共轭物的负荷量为2.3M/M,在粗制产品中稍微有些凝集物。而用Hepes缓冲液代替PBS显示没有优点。
用20%丙二醇(PG)和80mM辛酸(CA)与15%叔丁醇进行共轭反应。每个样品用PBS中的6,9和12摩尔药物/摩尔hP67.6来测试。结果是:PG+CA的组合看上去更好,它以蛋白质得率表达有较高的负荷量,但是两种方法在负荷量降低时其得率几相同。
在这一点上,20%PG和80mM CA与15%叔丁醇相比是较佳的添加剂,但是两者均比原来的反应条件有了显著的改进。然而,叔丁醇对PBS中的蛋白质的pH无影响,而PG使pH从7.4降低至~6.9。这与下列观察有关,即叔丁醇的反应在1-3小时内结束,而PG/CA的反应需要过夜。
实施例4
用PG/CA,不同的pH进行共轭反应
在30%RG/80mM CA中进行一系列共轭反应但调节和不调节pH至7.4。同样,在无DMF下用25%至30%的叔丁醇进行共轭反应。结果是:pH的调节可更好地形成药物的掺入。
很明显,与在叔丁醇中的共轭反应相比,当pH重新调节至7.4时,PG+CA在形成有高负荷量的共轭物时其得率要高的多。对于~2M/M的负荷量来说,两种方法有相近的得率,但当在共轭反应中增加药物/蛋白质比例而增加负荷量(如负荷量为5M/M)时,用叔丁醇的反应的得率显著地降低至只有用PG/CA获得的的得率25%。
实施例5
大批量制备
现在进行大批量制备(用20-24mg蛋白质而不是试验规模的每个样品用0.5-1mg)。其目的是测定新的反应条件在规模放大时的适用性,以及在一定范围的药物载荷时制备共轭物。这些共轭物在体内对异种移植肿瘤进行测试以确证添加剂可产生有效的共轭物,且较高负荷量的共轭物比较低负荷量的共轭物更有效。
用仅4摩尔当量的药物和20%PG/80mM CA,5%DMF对hP67.6-AcBut进行大批量制备(用了30mg蛋白质),pH调节至7.5。在这些条件下,形成的凝集物比原来的制备物要少的多。最终纯化的单体有1.9M/M药物,蛋白质得率为67%。
为获得较高的药物负荷量,进行同样的条件,只是共轭反应用9当量药物代替6当量药物。这只导致稍微高一点的凝集量,但是获得的单体共轭物的药物负荷量为3.2M/M,蛋白质当量只稍降低至~60%。
尽管大批量(30mg蛋白质)的制备比原来的结果提高很多,但是其仍比根据小批量的试验所预计的负荷量要低30-40%。现在怀疑是大批量试验中稍微增加的DMF引起了这个问题。因此,进行了许多小批量的对一定浓度范围的DMF的研究以证明这一点。
实施例6
共轭反应过程中少量的DMF的影响
在10%叔丁醇中,以4M/M药物,而DMF浓度分别为1%至7%进行共轭反应。这里药物原料储备液为10mg/ml DMF以使在共轭反应时有低的DMF浓度。结果是:DMF浓度增高将降低药物的结合。
用6.4M/M药物和30%PG/80mM CA进行小批量共轭反应,只是用0至8%的DMF对25%叔丁醇以及2%至8%的DMF比较。药物原料储备液用PG制备以更准确地控制DMF的浓度,结果是:在PG/CA和叔丁醇中DMF均增加了凝集(从而降低了单体得率),且在PG/CA中的增加程度更大,因此再次发现PG/CA比叔丁醇的共轭反应要好。
不用DMF进行大批量的制备以证明小批量反应的结果。用30%PG/80mMCA和6.1M/M药物进行共轭反应。测试每等份,等份显示如同根据小批量所预计的那样,这些条件产生3.2M/M的负荷量,这证明应避免用DMF作为助溶剂。
再增加3当量药物进行这一共轭反应,它形成一个药物负荷量为4.4M/M的最终纯化单体,蛋白质得率为46%。
因此完成了三批大批量的制备,生成了药物负荷量为1.9,3.2和4.4摩尔药物/摩尔蛋白质的共轭物。对这些在体内和体外进行评估。PG和CA的组合是最佳的反应添加剂,DMF对反应不利。
实施例7
最终的优化
进行一系列的测试以确定最终的最优PG和CA浓度,最优的pH,加入的顺序和作为药物助溶剂的DMF替代物。
在30%PG/80 mM CA中进行小批量共轭反应,只是加入MoAb,PG,CA和在PG,EtOH或DMSO中制备的药物原料储备液的顺序不同。结果是:最佳的加入顺序为MoAb,然后是PG,然后是CA(调节pH),然后是在PG中制备的药物原料储备液。EtOH和DMSO也可用来代替药物原料储备液中的PG。
用40,55,75,和80mM CA,均与25%PG进行共轭反应的研究。结果是:发现55mM CA在蛋白质得率和药物负荷量方面的效果最佳。
用40,50,60和70mM CA均与25%PG进行另一组共轭反应研究。结果是:发现60mM CA在蛋白质得率和药物负荷量方面的效果最佳。
用25%PG+80mM CA和0,2或4%DMF进行共轭反应研究。这用来观察低水平的DMF是否有害。结果是:没有很大差别,因此只有当其浓度大于4%时才成问题。
在共轭反应中采用不同速度的搅拌来进行共轭反应。结果是:没有差别。
将药物加入EtOH而不是PG中来进行共轭反应。结果是:与用PG中的药物相比没有显著变化。
用PG/CA和6M/M药物进行一系列共轭反应,只是变换pH从7.0至8.5值。通过检测反应物和水解产物(用RP-HPLC)来检测反应的进程和负荷量的水平。结果是:所有的试验显示pH越高,反应越快,其范围从在pH7时的12小时至pH8.5时的小于45分钟。因此可断定pH大于7.5时形成了最高的得率和负荷量。
用PG/CA添加剂利用同样的步骤进行AcBut卡利许霉素和其它两个人化的MoAb,CT-M-01和A33的共轭反应。对于这些人化的MoAb可获得与用人化的P67.6小批量和大批量生产相近的负荷量和得率。
实施例8
AcBut卡利许霉素与5mg的人化的CT-M-01单克隆抗体在25%丙二醇(PG)和80%辛酸存在时进行共轭反应。反应在室温下(25℃)反应过夜(约24小时)。产物用HPLC分析。
结果是:药物负荷量为1.9M/M的有75%单体。
实施例9
AcBut卡利许霉素与36.6mg的人化的hCT-M-01单克隆抗体在30%PG和60mM CA存在时进行共轭反应。反应在约25℃下反应2小时。产物用HPLC分析。
结果是:药物负荷量为2.2M/M的有60%单体。
实施例10
AcBut卡利许霉素与1mg的人化的A33MoAb在30%PG和60mM CA存在时进行共轭反应。
结果是:约有50%的药物负荷量为1.8M/M的单体得率。过去的试验显示由于hA33的共轭物有显著的凝集趋势,因此它是一种难以处理的蛋白质。
实施例11
AcBut卡利许霉素与50mg的hP67在200mM CA和5%乙醇(来自药物原料储备液)存在时进行共轭反应。在25℃下培育2小时。
结果是:有~95%的药物负荷量为2.1M/M的单体,蛋白质得率为65%。
发现当CA浓度显著增加且助溶剂减少时,可获得很好的结果。
实施例12
人化抗体的最终的过程
根据上面所有的结果,最终采用的将hP67.6与AcBut-卡利许霉素共轭的步骤推荐如下:采用五种原料储备液液:PBS(50mM磷酸钠,100mM NaCl,pH7.4)中的~6.Smg/ml的hP67.6,丙二醇(PG),1MNaOH,pH7.4的PBS中的1M辛酸(CA),和PG中的药物(~6mg/ml)。在共轭反应中最终的浓度为:30%PG(5%的PG来自药物原料储备液),60mM CA,约4mg/ml的p67.6,和6摩尔药物/摩尔hP67.6。在hP67.6中加入PG并充分混合。加入CA并充分混合。或者加入CA至最终浓度为200mM,并通过加入药物(AcBut卡利许霉素)获得5%PG(或EtOH)。通过加入~10mlNaOH/ml溶液调节pH至7.7-7.8,然后加入药物并剧烈混合溶液。溶液在25℃下振荡培育3小时,然后通过Millex过滤器过滤以除去不溶物。然后纯化共轭物在PBS(pH7.4)的SEPHACRYL S-200TM用不超过~1%的负荷量凝胶过滤或,对于少量的小于0.5ml的共轭反应用PBS中的SuperoseTM12FPLC进行凝胶过滤。最终形成的单体(小于4%)共轭物蛋白质得率大于60%,药物负荷量大于2.5摩尔药物/摩尔蛋白质。
该过程对于三种测试的人化的MoAB,A33,CT-M-01和P67.6是有效的,它们分别是两种不同的同型异种(分别为IgG1,IgG4和IgG4)。
实施例13
鼠型抗体反应条件的优化
当用鼠型MoAB时采用同样的步骤,通过下面的实施例可发现,它比只用DMF作为助溶剂要有所改进,但是与人化抗体相比阻止凝集的效果一般较差。该结果对于不同的MoAb差别较大,这再一次说明对于不同的卡利许霉素/载体共轭物最佳的共轭反应步骤是不同的,但是本发明中各种常用过程在所有测试例中与只用DMF作为助溶剂获得的结果相比均有显著的提高。
用PG/CA进行共轭反应的上述的步骤生成了下列负荷量:
MoAb 负荷量(M/M)
Anti-Tac 0.7
M5/114 1.2
Campath II 1.4
MN-1 1.2
LC-1 1.0
LK-26 1.2
TH-69 1.0
A33 1.1
蛋白质得率是适中的,在20至40%之间。当mA33与8M/M药物进行共轭反应时,单体的最终负荷量只有1.1-1.3M/M。由于叔丁醇是最佳的备用添加剂,因此负荷量为0.7m/M的anti-Tac共轭物在20%叔丁醇存在时再进行共轭反应。这增加了负荷量至2.0M/M,但是得率只有23%。
用PG+叔丁醇进行共轭反应
尽管PG/CA系统对于上述的MoAb只有较少提高,但叔丁醇/(t-Bu/PG)PG看上去是有希望的。下面的研究描述了用PG和叔丁醇的组合的共轭反应。这可得出结论PG/叔丁醇系统更适用于鼠型MoAb,而PG/CA更适用于所试的人化的MoAb。
用各种叔丁醇和PG浓度进行共轭反应。发现对于多种鼠型MoAb在AcBut卡利许霉素和叔丁醇存在时PG有助于使共轭反应溶液增溶(澄清)。当anti-Tac和20%叔丁醇,10%PG,和6M/M药物进行共轭反应时,最终的单体的药物负荷量为1.3M/M,得率为40%。当其和15%叔丁醇,15%PG,和6.7M/M药物进行共轭反应时,产物的药物负荷量为1.4M/M,得率为50%,其比前一个例子稍有提高,但是比在PG/CA中获得的0.7M/M负荷量和~20%得率要高的多。当采用相同条件,只是蛋白质浓度从~2增加至2.8mg/ml,最终的药物负荷量提高至2.2M/M。
对于mA33,它通常是一个难以处理的蛋白质,没有发现有可使其负荷量明显高于1.0M/M的反应条件,但是上述的叔丁醇和PG(和8M/M药物)的组合甚至在大批量生产中都可形成60%得率的共轭物。三种IgG1鼠型MoAb(假定其有相近的化学活性)MOPC,M44和M67,在基本相同的条件(15%叔丁醇,10-20%PG,6.7M/M药物)下进行共轭反应时,它们均形成负荷量为~1.0但得率在14-45%的单体。对于MOPC,将蛋白质浓度增加至2.8M/M(和anti-Tac一样)并用15%叔丁醇,20%PG缓冲液系统及8M/M药物时,可使药物负荷量增加至1.7M/M,得率至~50%。
鼠型抗体的最终的步骤
根据这一系列的共轭反应,对这些鼠型MoAb建议采用的步骤基本上与测试过的人化的MoAb的步骤不同。此外,对于测试过的不同的鼠型MoAb中获得的优化的蛋白质得率和药物负荷量有相当大的不同,这表示对于任何具体的蛋白质载体,需要有某种优化条件的方法以发现一种最佳的条件。
用pH7.4的PBS作为缓冲液,但是MoAb原料在4至5.5mg/ml。用叔丁醇作为附加的助溶剂,但是不用CA。药物原料(8-10mg/ml)制备在DMSO或DMF中。最终的反应条件是15%叔丁醇,~20%丙二醇(若要使溶液澄清则需更多),2-4%DMSO(来自药物原料)和6-8摩尔药物/摩尔蛋白质。共轭反应在25℃下振荡培育3至20小时。纯化步骤如上述对人化的共轭物一样。最终蛋白质得率在25%至60%之间,药物负荷量根据具体的MoAb为1至2.2摩尔药物/摩尔MoAb。
实施例14
叔丁醇对于碳水化合物共轭物的作用
MOPC-21在pH5.5醋酸盐缓冲液中用15mM NaIO4在室温下氧化45分钟。然后缓冲液用新鲜的醋酸盐缓冲液替换以除去用过的氧化试剂。一部分氧化过的这种抗体用通过N-乙酰基γ-卡利许霉素与3-巯基-3-甲基丁酸(GAD)酰肼在15%DMF下反应生成的二硫化物来处理。第二部分用相同浓度的GAD在5%DMF和15%叔丁醇处理。两个反应均在室温下反应17小时。然后每个反应均将缓冲液改为pH7.4的PBS。用叔丁醇的共轭反应的凝集量比只用DMF的反应的凝集量要少(4.1%对7.3%)。用凝胶排阻色层分析纯化后,只用DMF反应的共轭物的负荷量为3.2M/M,有3%的残留凝集,而当叔丁醇存在时制备的共轭物的负荷量为5.1M/M,并且检测不到有残留凝集。
实施例15
PG/CA对于非水解性共轭物形成的影响
h-CT-M-01用二硫化物的OSu酯处理,其中二硫化物通过N-乙酰基γ-卡利许霉素和4-巯基-4-甲基戊酸在含15%DMF的Hepes缓冲液中反应产生。第二个共轭反应在30%PG和80mM CA而不是DMF中进行。两个反应均在室温下反应2小时。然后每个反应均将缓冲液改为pH7.4的PBS。尽管两个反应的凝集量(~2%)和负荷量(用DMF的3.95M/M相对于用PG+CA的4.12M/M)相当,但是在PG+CA存在时反应测得的得率更高(60%对50%)。
所述的所有专利,申请,论文,文献出版物和测试方法在这里均加上参改文献。
该领域技术人员可根据上述细节描述对本发明作各种变化。因此这类明显的变化均包括在附加的权利要求所完全认定的范围内。
Claims (34)
1.一种制备有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少凝集量的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物的方法,共轭物有化学式
Pr(-X-S-S-W)m
其中:
Pr为一种蛋白质载体,
X是一种连接剂,它包括有任何可与蛋白质载体反应的活性反应基团的产物,
W是通过除去天然存在的甲基三硫化物基团后形成的卡利许霉素基团;m是0.5至15的数,
所述方法包括步骤:
(1)使卡利许霉素衍生物和蛋白质载体在一个非亲核的,蛋白质相容的,pH范围约为4.0至8.5的缓冲液中培育,溶液还包括(a)一种选自丙二醇,乙醇,DMSO,及其组合的助溶剂,和(b)一种至少包括一个C6-C18羧酸的添加剂,其中培育在约25℃至约37℃进行约15分钟至约24小时;和
(2)纯化步骤(1)生成的共轭物以生产单体共轭物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中X有化学式Z-Sp,其中:
Sp是直链或支链的二价或三价(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价芳基或杂芳基团,二价或三价(C3-C18)的环烷基或杂环烷基基团,二价或三价的芳基-芳基或杂芳基-芳基(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价的环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基(C1-C18)基团或二价或三价(C2-C18)不饱和烷基基团,其中杂芳基最好是呋喃基,噻嗯基,N-甲基吡咯基,吡啶基,N-甲基咪唑基,噁唑基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,N-甲基咔唑基,氨基香豆素基,或吩嗪基和其中如果Sp是三价基团,Sp还可被低碳(C1-C5)二烷基氨基,低碳(C1-C5)烷氧基,羟基,或低碳(C1-C5)硫代烷基基团替代;和
Z是-NHC(=O)-,-CH=NNHC(=O)-,-CH2NHNHC(=O)-,-CH=NNHC(=O)NH-,-CH2NHNHC(=O)NH-,-CH=NNHC(=S)NH-,-CH2NHNHC(=S)NH-,-CH=N-,-CH2NH-,-OC(=O)-,-SS-,
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中X有化学式
(CO-Alk1-Sp1-Ar-Sp2-Alk2-C(Z1)=Q-Sp)
其中
Alk1和Alk2各自代表一个键或有支链或无支链的(C1-C10)的亚烷基链;
Sp1是一个键,-S-,-O-,-CONH-,-NHCO-,-NR′-,-N(CH2CH2)2N-,或-X-Ar′-Y-(CH2)n-Z其中X,Y,和Z各自为一个键,-NR′-,-S-或-O-,限制条件是当n=0时,Y和Z中的至少一个须是一个键,且Ar′是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,限制条件是当Alk1是一个键时,Sp1是一个键;
n是0至5间的整数;
R′是有支链或无支链的(C1-C5)链,它可任意被-OH,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,(C1-C3)二烷基氨基,或(C1-C3)三烷基铵-A-中的一个或两个基团取代,其中A-是药物学上可接受的成盐阴离子;
Ar是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如上述所确定的,或Ar为1,2-,1,3-,1,4-,1,5-,1,6-,1,7-,1,8-,2,3-,2,6-,或2,7-亚萘基或每个亚萘基或吩噻嗪可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′-,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个,三个或四个基团取代,其中n和R′是如上述所确定的,限制条件是当Ar是吩噻嗪时,Sp1是一个仅与氮连接的键;
Sp2是一个键-S-,或-O-,限制条件是当Alk2是一个键时,Sp2是一个键;
Z1是H,(C1-C5)烷基或苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如上;
Sp是直链或支链的二价或三价(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价芳基或杂芳基基团,二价或三价(C3-C18)的环烷基或杂环烷基基团,二价或三价的芳基-芳基或杂芳基-芳基(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价的环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基(C1-C18)基团或二价或三价(C2-C18)不饱和烷基基团,其中杂芳基最好是呋喃基,噻嗯基,N-甲基吡咯基,吡啶基,N-甲基咪唑基,噁唑基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,N-甲基咔唑基,氨基香豆素基或吩嗪基,其中如果Sp是三价基团,Sp还可被低碳(C1-C5)二烷基氨基,低碳(C1-C5)烷氧基,羟基,或低碳(C1-C5)硫代烷基基团替代;和
Q是=NHNCO-,=NHNCS-,=NHNCONH-,=NHNCSNH-,或=NHO-。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中
Sp是一个键,-S-,-O-,-CONH-,-NHCO-或-NR′,其中n和R1如权利要求3所确定的,限制条件是当Alk1是一个键时,Sp1是一个键;
Ar是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如权利要求3所确定的,或Ar为1,2-,1,3-,1,4-,1,5-,1,6-,1,7-,1,8-,2,3-,2,6-,或2,7-亚萘基,每个亚萘基可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个,三个或四个基团取代;
Alk1是有支链或无支链(C1-C10)亚烷基链;
Z1是(C1-C5)烷基或苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代;和
Alk2和Sp2同为一个键。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中Sp1为-O-,Alk1为C3亚烷基,Ar是1,4-亚苯基,和Z1是C1烷基。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中Q是=NHNCO-和Sp是-CH2C(CH3)2-。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中Z是-NHC(=O)-和Sp是-CH2CH2C(CH3)2-。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中Z是-CH=NNHC(=O)-和Sp是-CH2C(CH3)2-。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中卡利许霉素衍生物包括一种γ卡利许霉素或一种N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素衍生物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中卡利许霉素衍生物在步骤(1)中含量为约0.025mg/ml至约1.0mg/ml。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中蛋白质载体包括一种人化的单克隆抗体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中人化的单克隆抗体在步骤(1)中的含量为约1mg/ml至约15mg/ml。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中的添加剂的量为20至300mM。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中助溶剂包括丙二醇,其含量为溶液体积的约10%至约60%。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中的添加剂包括辛酸,其含量为约20mM至约100mM。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中的助溶剂是丙二醇,其含量为溶液体积的30%,步骤(1)中的添加剂包括辛酸,其含量为60mM。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中的助溶剂含量为溶液体积的xq1%至xq10%,步骤(1)中的添加剂包括辛酸,其含量为约150mM至约300mM。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中助溶剂是乙醇。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中乙醇在步骤(1)中的含量为溶液体积的5%,步骤(1)中的添加剂辛酸的含量为200mM。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中的助溶剂为丙二醇,其含量为溶液体积的5%,步骤(1)中的添加剂辛酸的含量为200mM。
21.一种制备有较高药物负荷量/得率和减少凝集量的单体卡利许霉素衍生物/载体共轭物的方法,共轭物有化学式
Pr(-X-S-S-W)m
其中:
Pr为一种蛋白质载体,
X是一种连接剂,它包括有任何可与蛋白质载体反应的活性反应基团的产物,
W是通过除去天然存在的甲基三硫化物基团后形成的卡利许霉素基团;m是0.5至15间的数,
所述方法包括步骤:
(1)使卡利许霉素衍生物和蛋白质载体在一个非亲核的,蛋白质相容的,pH范围约为4.0至8.5的缓冲液中培育,溶液还包括叔丁醇助溶剂,其中培育在约25℃至约37℃进行约15分钟至约24小时;和
(2)纯化步骤(1)生成的共轭物以生产单体共轭物。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中X有化学式Z-Sp,其中:
Sp是直链或支链的二价或三价(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价芳基或杂芳基团,二价或三价(C3-C18)的环烷基或杂环烷基基团,二价或三价的芳基-芳基或杂芳基-芳基(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价的环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基(C1-C18)基团或二价或三价(C2-C18)不饱和烷基基团,其中杂芳基最好是呋喃基,噻嗯基,N-甲基吡咯基,吡啶基,N-甲基咪唑基,噁唑基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,N-甲基咔唑基,氨基香豆素基,或吩嗪基和其中如果Sp是三价基团,Sp还可被低碳(C1-C5)二烷基氨基,低碳(C1-C5)烷氧基,羟基,或低碳(C1-C5)硫代烷基基团替代;和
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中X有化学式
(CO-Alk1-Sp1-Ar-Sp2-Alk2-C(Z1)=Q-Sp)
其中
Alk1和Alk2各自代表一个键或有支链或无支链的(C1-C10)的亚烷基链;
Sp1是一个键,-S-,-O-,-CONH-,-NHCO-,-NR′-,-N(CH2CH2)2N-,或-X-Ar′-Y-(CH2)n-Z,其中X,Y,和Z各自为一个键,-NR′-,-S-或-O-,限制条件是当n=0时,Y和Z中的至少一个须为一个键,且Ar′是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,其可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,限制条件是当Alk1是一个键时,Sp1是一个键;
n是0至5间的整数;
R′是有支链或无支链的(C1-C5)链,它可任意被-OH,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,(C1-C3)二烷基氨基,或(C1-C3)三烷基铵-A-中的一个或两个基团取代,其中A-是药物学上可接受的成盐阴离子;
Ar是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如上所确定的,或Ar为1,2-,1,3-,1,4-,1,5-,1,6-,1,7-,1,8-,2,3-,2,6-,或2,7-亚萘基或每个亚萘基或吩噻嗪可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′-,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个,三个或四个基团取代,其中n和R′是如上所确定的,限制条件是当Ar是亚萘基时,Z1不是氢,当Ar是吩噻嗪时,Sp1是一个仅与氮连接的键;
Sp2是一个键-S-,或-O-,限制条件是当Alk2是一个键时,Sp2是一个键;
Z1是H,(C1-C5)烷基或苯基,其可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C5)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如上所确定;
Sp是直链或支链的二价或三价(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价芳基或杂芳基基团,二价或三价(C3-C18)的环烷基或杂环烷基基团,二价或三价的芳基-芳基或杂芳基-芳基(C1-C18)基团,二价或三价的环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基(C1-C18)基团或二价或三价(C2-C18)不饱和烷基基团,其中杂芳基最好是呋喃基,噻嗯基,N-甲基吡咯基,吡啶基,N-甲基咪唑基,噁唑基,嘧啶基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,N-甲基咔唑基,氨基香豆素基或吩嗪基,其中如果Sp是三价基团,Sp还可被低碳(C1-C5)二烷基氨基,低碳(C1-C5)烷氧基,羟基,或低碳(C1-C5)硫代烷基基团替代;和
Q是=NHNCO-,=NHNCS-,=NHNCONH-,=NHNCSNH-,或=NHO-。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中
Sp′是一个键,-S-,-O-,-CONH-,-NHCO-或-NR′,其中n和R′如权利要求23所确定的,限制条件是当Alk1是一个键时,Sp1是一个键;
Ar是1,2-,1,3-,或1,4-亚苯基,它可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代,其中n和R′是如权利要求23所确定的,或Ar为1,2-,1,3-,1,4-,1,5-,1,6-,1,7-,1,8-,2,3-,2,6-,或2,7-亚萘基,每个亚萘基可任意被(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C5)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个,三个或四个基团取代;
Alk1是有支链或无支链(C1-C10)亚烷基链;
Z1是(C1-C5)烷基或苯基,它可任意被(C1-C5)烷基,(C1-C4)烷氧基,(C1-C4)硫代烷氧基,卤素,硝基,-COOR′,-CONHR′,-O(CH2)nCOOR′,-S(CH2)nCOOR′,-O(CH2)nCONHR′,或-S(CH2)nCONHR′中的一个,两个或三个基团取代;和
Alk2和Sp2同为一个键。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中Sp1为-O-,Alk1为C3亚烷基,Ar是1,4-亚苯基,和Z1是C1烷基。
26.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中Q是=NHNCO-和Sp是-CH2C(CH3)2-。
27.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中Z是-NHC(=O)-和Sp是-CH2CH2C(CH3)2-。
28.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中Z是-CH=NNHC(=O)-和Sp是-CH2C(CH3)2-。
29.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中卡利许霉素衍生物包括一种γ卡利许霉素或一种N-乙酰基γ卡利许霉素衍生物。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中卡利许霉素衍生物在步骤(1)中的含量为约0.025mg/ml至约1.0mg/ml。
31.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中蛋白质载体包括一种人化的单克隆抗体。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中人化的单克隆抗体在步骤(1)中的含量为约1mg/ml至约15mg/ml。
33.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中叔丁醇的含量为溶液体积的约10%至约25%。
34.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中的叔丁醇的含量为溶液体积的15%。
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1995
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1996
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- 1996-05-10 JP JP9500547A patent/JPH11508232A/ja active Pending
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