TW201530337A - 用於車輛中之電力儲存器件之實體保全之裝置、方法及物品 - Google Patents

用於車輛中之電力儲存器件之實體保全之裝置、方法及物品 Download PDF

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TW201530337A
TW201530337A TW104106463A TW104106463A TW201530337A TW 201530337 A TW201530337 A TW 201530337A TW 104106463 A TW104106463 A TW 104106463A TW 104106463 A TW104106463 A TW 104106463A TW 201530337 A TW201530337 A TW 201530337A
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Taiwan
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storage device
energy storage
electrical energy
portable electrical
portable
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TW104106463A
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TWI553500B (zh
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馬修 懷丁 泰勒
吳宜宗
學森 荷倫斯 路克
洪煌城
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睿能創意公司
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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Abstract

一種收集、充電及分配機器網路收集、充電及分配攜帶型電能儲存器件(例如，電池組、超級電容器或超電容器)。除非每一攜帶型電能儲存器件提供電力至之車輛處於一收集、充電及分配機器或諸如一服務中心中之經授權外部器件的其他經授權外部器件附近，否則依據預設，每一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定於該車輛中且可操作地連接至該車輛，以避免對該等攜帶型電能儲存器件之盜竊及篡改。一旦處於一收集、充電及分配機器或其他經授權外部器件附近，該車輛中或該攜帶型電能儲存器件內之一鎖定機構便解鎖，且允許交換或服務該攜帶型電能儲存器件。

Description

用於車輛中之電力儲存器件之實體保全之裝置、方法及物品
本發明大體係關於電力儲存器件之實體保全，且特定言之，係關於車輛中之電力儲存器件之實體保全。
本申請案依據35 U.S.C.119(e)主張以下專利申請案之申請日的權利：題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES」且於2011年7月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/511,900號(代理人案號170178.401P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES」且於2012年5月16日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/647,936號(代理人案號170178.401P2)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR REDISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES,BETWEEN COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES」且於2011年9月14日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/534,753號(代理人案號170178.402P1)； 題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES」且於2011年9月14日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/534,761號(代理人案號170178.403P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES,BASED ON USER PROFILES」且於2011年9月14日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/534,772號(代理人案號170178.404P1)；題為「THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES」且於2011年7月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/511,887號(代理人案號170178.406P1)；題為「THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES」且於2012年5月16日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/647,941號(代理人案號170178.406P2)；題為「DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT ECONOMY」且於2011年7月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/511,880號(代理人案號170178.407P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD,AND ARTICLE FOR PHYSICAL SECURITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES IN VEHICLES」且於2011年11月8日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/557,170號(代理人案號170178.408P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COMPARTMENT」且於2011年12月29日申 請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/581,566號(代理人案號170178.412P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC DATA」且於2012年2月21日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/601,404號(代理人案號170178.417P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING LOCATIONS OF POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES」且於2012年2月22日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/601,949號(代理人案號170178.418P1)；及題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION REGARDING AVAILABILITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES AT A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINE」且於2012年2月22日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/601,953號(代理人案號170178.419P1)。
存在用於攜帶型電力儲存器件之廣泛的各種各樣之用途或應用。
一個此應用為在運輸之領域中。混合及全電動車輛正變得日益普遍。此等車輛可達成相較於傳統內燃機車輛之許多優勢。舉例而言，混合或電車輛可達成較高燃料經濟，且可具有極少或甚至零尾管污染。詳言之，全電動車輛不僅可具有零尾管污染，而且可與較低總污染相關聯。舉例而言，可 自再生源(例如，太陽、水電)產生電力。再者，舉例而言，可在不產生空氣污染之發電廠(例如，核電廠)產生電力。再者，舉例而言，可在燃燒相對「清潔燃燒」燃料(例如，天然氣)之發電廠產生電力，該等發電廠具有比內燃機高的效率及/或使用對於供個別車輛使用而言過大、成本高或昂貴之污染控制或移除系統(例如，工業空氣洗滌器)。
個人運輸車輛(諸如，燃機動力小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車)在許多地方普遍存在，例如，在亞洲的許多大城市。此等小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車傾向於相對較不昂貴，特別與汽車、小汽車或卡車相比而言。具有大量燃機小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車之城市亦傾向於有非常密集的人口，且受到高度空氣污染。新近以來，許多燃機小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車裝備有相對較低的個人運輸污染源。舉例而言，此等小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車可具有比較大車輛高的哩程額定值。一些小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車可甚至裝備有基本污染控制設備(例如，催化轉換器)。不幸地，當使用小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車且皆不加維修時及/或當因(例如)催化轉換器之故意或無意移除而修改小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車時，迅速超過了工廠指定排放等級。小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車之擁有者或操作者常缺少維修其車輛之財源或動機。
已知空氣污染對人的健康具有負面影響，與造成或加重各種疾病相關聯(例如，各種報告將空氣污染與氣腫、哮喘、肺炎、囊腫性纖維化以及各種心血管疾病相聯繫)。此等疾病奪走了大量生命，且嚴重降低了無數其他人的生命品質。
一種用於一攜帶型電能儲存器件之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統可概述為包括：至少一控制器；及至少一通信模組，其耦接至該至少一控制器，其中該至少一控制器經組態以：經由該通信模組接收關於一外部器件之鑑認之資訊；及回應於接收到關於鑑認之該資訊，解鎖一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至一車輛移除。
該至少一控制器可經組態以基於關於鑑認的該所接收之資訊作出關於解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構之一判定。該至少一控制器可經進一步組態以：產生一挑戰密鑰以發送至該外部器件；將該挑戰密鑰發送至該外部器件；自該外部器件接收對該挑戰密鑰之該發送的一回應，該回應包括一回應碼，作為關於鑑認之該資訊的部分；使用一秘密密鑰及該回應碼作為輸入，自一秘密演算法產生一輸出，該秘密演算法及該秘密密鑰經組態以僅為該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統及一或多個經授權外部器件已知；及比較來自該秘密演算法之該輸出與該回應碼，且其中該至少一控制器經組態以至少基於該比較作出關於解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構之該判定。該經組態之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統可耦接至該車輛，或可整合為該攜帶型電能儲存器件之部分。該外部器件可為一攜帶型電能儲存器件收集及充電機器。該外部器件可為位於一車輛服務中心之一器件。該至少一通信模 組可經組態以經由一無線信號接收關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊，且將該資訊傳達至該至少一控制器以解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構，以便允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除。該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統可進一步包括：該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構，其耦接至該至少一控制器；及一開關，其耦接至該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構及該至少一控制器，該開關經組態以藉由由該經組態之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之該至少一控制器產生的一控制信號予以啟動，其中該控制器經組態以：在該外部器件係基於關於鑑認之該資訊而鑑認之情況下，以解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式發送該信號；及在於一所定義之時間週期之後不再可經由該通信模組接收到關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊的情況下，以鎖定該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便防止將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式發送該信號。該至少一控制器可經組態以經由自該外部器件傳輸之一無線信號接收關於鑑認之該資訊。在一些實施例中，在距該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統通信模組達一指定最大範圍外，無法偵測到自該外部器件傳輸之該無線信號。該無線信號可包括用於由該至少一控制器進行的對該外部器件之該鑑認之一滾動碼。該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統可進一步包括一電力介面，其耦接至該至少一控制器且經組態以耦接至該攜帶型電能儲存器件及該電能儲存器件鎖定機構，以將電力提供至該電 能儲存器件鎖定機構。該電力介面可經組態以耦接至不同於該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一輔助電源，以在該攜帶型電能儲存器件不能夠提供足夠電力以操作該電能儲存器件鎖定機構之情況下，將電力提供至該電能儲存器件鎖定機構。
一種操作一攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之方法可概述為包括：由該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統接收關於一外部器件之鑑認之資訊；及由該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，基於關於鑑認之該資訊作出關於解鎖一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將一攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至一車輛移除之一判定。
該接收該資訊可包括經由自一攜帶型電能儲存器件收集、充電及分配機器傳輸之一無線信號接收關於鑑認之該資訊，且其中在距該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之一通信模組達一指定最大範圍外，可能無法偵測到自該收集、充電及分配機器接收之該無線信號。該方法可進一步包括：在該外部器件係基於關於鑑認之該資訊而鑑認之情況下，以解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式，發送來自該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之一控制器的一信號；及在於一所定義之時間週期之後不再可繼續經由該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一通信模組接收到關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊的情況下，以鎖定該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便防止將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式，發送來自該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之該控制器的一信 號。該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統可整合為該攜帶型電能儲存器件之部分。該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統可耦接至該車輛。該作出該判定可包括比較來自關於鑑認的該所接收之資訊之一碼與相關聯於該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之一或多個碼，且可進一步包括：在來自關於鑑認的該所接收之資訊之該碼匹配與該攜帶型電能儲存器件相關聯之該一或多個碼中的一者的情況下，解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除；及在於一所定義之時間週期之後不再可經由該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一通信模組接收到關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊的情況下，或在於一所定義之時間週期之後來自該所接收之資訊之一碼可能不再匹配當前與該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統相關聯之一或多個碼中的至少一者或一者的情況下，鎖定該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便防止將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除。該方法可進一步包括：產生一挑戰密鑰以發送至該外部器件；將該挑戰密鑰發送至該外部器件；自該外部器件接收對該挑戰密鑰之該發送的一回應，該回應包括一回應碼，作為關於鑑認之該資訊的部分；使用一秘密密鑰及該回應碼作為輸入，自一秘密演算法產生一輸出，該秘密演算法及該秘密密鑰經組態以僅為該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統及一或多個經授權之外部器件已知；及比較來自該秘密演算法之該輸出與該回應碼，且其中作出關於解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構之該判定係至少基於該比較。
一種攜帶型電能儲存器件可概述為包括：一電池組電池；及一保全系統，其可操作地耦接至該電池，該保全系統經組態以允許基於關於一外部器件之鑑認的無線接收之資訊而將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至一車輛移除。
該保全系統可包括：至少一控制器；及至少一通信模組，其耦接至該至少一控制器，其中該至少一控制器經組態以：經由該通信模組接收關於一外部器件之鑑認之資訊；及基於關於鑑認之該資訊，作出關於解鎖一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一判定。該保全系統可進一步包括：該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構，其耦接至該至少一控制器；及一電力介面，其經組態以耦接至該至少一控制器，且耦接至不同於該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一輔助電源，以在該攜帶型電能儲存器件不能夠提供足夠電力以操作該電能儲存器件鎖定機構之情況下，將電力提供至該電能儲存器件鎖定機構。
100‧‧‧環境
102‧‧‧收集、充電及分配機器
104a‧‧‧接收器、收容空間或插座
104b‧‧‧接收器、收容空間或插座
104n‧‧‧接收器、收容空間或插座
106‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
106a‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
106n‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
106z‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
108‧‧‧全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車
110a‧‧‧電端子
110b‧‧‧電端子
112‧‧‧位置
114‧‧‧電服務
114a‧‧‧電服務計量錶
114b‧‧‧電路面板
114c‧‧‧佈線
114d‧‧‧電插口
116‧‧‧網格
118‧‧‧光伏打(PV)電池陣列
120‧‧‧後端或後台系統
122‧‧‧網路
124‧‧‧使用者介面
126‧‧‧無線信號
202‧‧‧控制子系統
204‧‧‧充電子系統
206‧‧‧通信子系統
208‧‧‧使用者介面子系統
208a‧‧‧觸控螢幕顯示器
208b‧‧‧鍵盤或小鍵盤
208c‧‧‧揚聲器
208d‧‧‧麥克風
208e‧‧‧卡讀取器
208f‧‧‧紙鈔機及驗鈔器
208g‧‧‧投幣器
209‧‧‧卡型媒體
210‧‧‧控制器
212‧‧‧唯讀記憶體(ROM)/非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體
214‧‧‧隨機存取記憶體(RAM)/非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體
216‧‧‧資料儲存器/非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體
218‧‧‧匯流排
220‧‧‧致動器
222‧‧‧閂鎖、鎖或其他保持器機構
224a‧‧‧埠
224b‧‧‧埠
226a‧‧‧埠
226b‧‧‧埠
230‧‧‧第一電力轉換器
232‧‧‧線路或接電線
234‧‧‧變壓器
236‧‧‧整流器
238‧‧‧直流/直流(DC/DC)電力轉換器
240‧‧‧濾波器
242‧‧‧第二電力轉換器
244‧‧‧線路
246‧‧‧直流/直流(DC/DC)電力轉換器
248‧‧‧濾波器
250‧‧‧開關
252‧‧‧數據機
254‧‧‧乙太網路或其他類型之通信卡或組件
256a‧‧‧埠
256b‧‧‧埠
302‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件外殼
304‧‧‧電池組電池
306‧‧‧鎖定機構控制器/攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統控制器
308‧‧‧控制線
312a‧‧‧導電端子連接
312b‧‧‧導電端子連接
314a‧‧‧連接
314b‧‧‧連接/電力線
314c‧‧‧連接
318‧‧‧小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車服務中心
320‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構
406‧‧‧通信子系統
410‧‧‧控制器
412‧‧‧唯讀記憶體(ROM)/非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒 體
414‧‧‧隨機存取記憶體(RAM)/非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體
416‧‧‧其他儲存器/非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體
420‧‧‧電力介面
502‧‧‧致動器
504‧‧‧螺釘外殼
506‧‧‧可滑動螺釘
508‧‧‧車輛之一部分/車輛部分
510‧‧‧固持器
512‧‧‧頂部開口
516‧‧‧輔助電源
518‧‧‧接取面板
520‧‧‧開口
700‧‧‧操作鎖定機構控制器之高階方法
800‧‧‧操作鎖定機構控制器之低階方法
900‧‧‧操作攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統控制器之低階方法
L1‧‧‧負載
L2‧‧‧負載
LN‧‧‧負載
SC1‧‧‧電荷感測器
SCN‧‧‧電荷感測器
SP1‧‧‧位置感測器
SPN‧‧‧位置感測器
ST1‧‧‧電荷感測器
圖1為根據一非限制性所說明實施例之收集、充電及分配機器以及若干電力儲存器件、以及電動小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車及經由電網格提供之電服務的示意圖。
圖2為根據一非限制性所說明實施例的圖1之收集、充電及分配機器的方塊圖。
圖3為根據一非限制性所說明實施例的圖1之小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車之攜帶型電能儲存器件的攜帶型電能儲存器件 實體保全系統之方塊圖，該小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車在一例子中與圖1之收集、充電及分配機器無線通信且在另一例子中與小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車服務中心無線通信。
圖4為根據一非限制性所說明實施例的圖3之鎖定機構控制器之示意圖。
圖5為根據一非限制性所說明實施例的圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件之橫截面正視圖，該攜帶型電能儲存器件耦接至圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件實體保全系統且鎖定於圖1及圖3之小輪機踏車內之可操作位置中。
圖6為根據一非限制性所說明替代實施例的圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件之一替代實施例的橫截面正視圖，其中圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件實體保全系統與圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件整合且為圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件之部分。
圖7為展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的操作圖3至圖6之鎖定機構控制器之高階方法的流程圖。
圖8為展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的操作圖3至圖6之鎖定機構控制器之低階方法的流程圖，該低階方法包括可用於圖7之方法中的接受攜帶型電能儲存器件充電。
圖9為展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的操作圖3至圖6之鎖定機構控制器之低階方法的流程圖，該低階方法包括可用於圖7及圖8之方法中的發送一信號以鎖定及解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構。
在圖式中，相同參考數字識別類似的元件或動作。在圖式中的元件之大小及相對位置未必按比例繪製。舉例而言，各種元件及角度之形狀未按比例繪製，且此等元件中之一些元件經任意放大及定位以改良圖式辨視性。另外，如所繪製的元件之特定形狀並不意欲傳送關於特定元件之實際形狀的任何資訊，且僅為了易於圖式中之辨識而選擇。
在以下描述中，闡明了某些特定細節以便提供對各種所揭示之實施例之透徹理解。然而，熟習相關技術者應認識到，可在無此等特定細節中之一或多者的情況下或藉由其他方法、組件、材料等來實踐實施例。在其他情況下，未詳細展示或描述與售貨裝置、電池組、超級電容器或超電容器、電力轉換器(包括(但不限於)變壓器、整流器、DC/DC電力轉換器、開關模式電力轉換器、控制器及通信系統及結構)及網路相關聯之熟知結構，以避免不必要地使實施例之描述晦澀難懂。
除非上下文另有需要，否則貫穿本說明書及接著的申請專利範圍，詞「包含(comprise)」及其變化形式(諸如，「comprises」及「comprising」)應按開放的包括性意義來解釋，亦即，解釋為「包括但不限於」。
貫穿本說明書的對「一項實施例」或「一實施例」之提及意謂結合該實施例描述的特定特徵、結構或特性包括於至少一實施例中。因此，片語「在一項實施例中」或「在一實施例中」在貫穿本說明書之各處中之出現未必皆指代相同實 施例。
諸如第一、第二及第三的序數詞之使用未必暗示次序之排名意義，而是可能僅區分動作或結構之多個例項。
對攜帶型電力儲存器件之提及意謂能夠儲存電力及釋放所儲存電力的任何器件，包括(但不限於)電池組、超級電容器或超電容器。對電池組之提及意謂一或多個化學儲存電池，例如，可再充電或二次電池組電池(secondary battery cell)，包括(但不限於)鎳鎘合金或鋰離子電池組電池。
本文中提供的本發明之標題及發明摘要僅為了便利起見，且並不解譯實施例之範疇或意義。
圖1展示根據一所說明實施例的環境100，其包括一收集、充電及分配機器102。
收集、充電及分配機器102可呈自動售貨機或公共資訊查詢站之形式。收集、充電及分配機器102具有複數個接收器、收容空間或插座104a、104b至104n(在圖1中僅引出三個，統稱為104)，以可抽換式地收納用於收集、充電及分配之攜帶型電能儲存器件(例如，電池組、超級電容器或超電容器)106a至106n(統稱為106)。如圖1中所說明，接收器104中之一些接收器為空的，而其他接收器104固持攜帶型電能儲存器件106。雖然圖1展示每一接收器104一單一攜帶型電能儲存器件106，但在一些實施例中，每一接收器104可固持兩個或甚至兩個以上攜帶型電能儲存器件106。舉例而言，接收器104中之每一者可足夠深以收納三個攜帶型電能儲存器件106。因此，舉例而言，圖1中所說明之收集、充電及分配機器102可具有能夠 同時固持40個、80個或120個攜帶型電能儲存器件106之容量。
攜帶型電能儲存器件106可呈各種各樣之形式，例如，電池組(例如，電池組電池陣列)或超級電容器或超電容器(例如，超電容器電池陣列)。舉例而言，攜帶型電能儲存器件106z可呈可再充電電池組(亦即，二次電池(secondary cell)或二次電池組(secondary battery))之形式。攜帶型電能儲存器件106z可(例如)經設定大小以實體配合個人運輸車輛(諸如，全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108)且對個人運輸車輛供電。如先前所註釋，燃機小輪機踏車及機動腳踏車在許多大城市(例如，在亞洲、歐洲及中東)普遍。貫穿城市或地區便利地接取已充電的電池組之能力可促進使用全電動小輪機踏車及機動腳踏車108代替燃機小輪機踏車及機動腳踏車，藉此減輕空氣污染以及減少噪音。
攜帶型電能儲存器件106(僅攜帶型電能儲存器件106z可見)可包括可自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之外部接取的若干電端子110a、110b(說明兩個，統稱為110)。電端子110允許自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z傳遞電荷，以及允許將電荷傳遞至攜帶型電能儲存器件106z以用於對攜帶型電能儲存器件106z充電或再充電。雖然在圖1中說明為接線柱，但電端子110可呈可自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之外部接取的任何其他形式，包括定位於電池組外殼中之槽內的電端子。當可將攜帶型電能儲存器件106借出、租賃及/或租借給公眾時，需要控制如何及在何種情況下可將攜帶型電能儲存器件106自可操作地連接至 其提供電力所針對之車輛移除。對攜帶型電能儲存器件106之實體保全之此控制有助於防止對攜帶型電能儲存器件106之盜竊及/或誤用。下文參看圖3至圖9更詳細地描述用於攜帶型電能儲存器件106之實體保全之系統及方法，包括用於控制攜帶型電能儲存器件106自車輛之移除之保全系統，且該等系統及方法可用於本文中所描述的用於對攜帶型電能儲存器件106進行收集、充電及分配的總系統中。
收集、充電及分配機器102定位於某一位置112處，在位置112處，收集、充電及分配機器102可由各種終端使用者便利地且容易地接取。位置可呈大量各種各樣之形式中的任一者，例如，零售環境，諸如，便利商店、超市、加油站(gas或petrol station)或服務中心。或者，收集、充電及分配機器102可獨立地處於不與現有零售或其他商務相關聯之位置112處，例如，在公共公園或其他公共場所。因此，舉例而言，收集、充電及分配機器102可位於貫穿城市或地區的便利商店連鎖店中之每一商店處。此情形可有利地依賴於以下事實：便利商店常常係基於對目標人群或人口統計之便利來選址或分配。此情形可有利地依賴於預先存在的對店面或其他零售位置之租賃，以允許迅速地在城市或地區中發展收集、充電及分配機器102之廣泛網路。迅速地達成當在全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108中時提供攜帶型電能儲存器件106之實體保全的大網路增強了取決於此系統及此努力之很可能的商業成功的能力。
位置112可包括電服務114以(例如)經由網格116自發電站( 未圖示)接收電力。電服務114可(例如)包括電服務計量錶114a、電路面板(例如，斷路器面板或保險絲盒)114b、佈線114c及電插口114d中之一或多者。在位置112為現有零售或便利商店之情況下，電服務114可為現有電服務，因此可能在額定值上稍微受限(例如，120伏特、240伏特、220伏特、230伏特、15安培)。
視情況，收集、充電及分配機器102可包括或耦接至再生電源。舉例而言，在安裝於外部位置之情況下，收集、充電及分配機器102可包括一光伏打(PV)電池陣列118以自太陽日照產生電力。或者，收集、充電及分配機器102可電耦接至微型渦輪機(例如，風力渦輪機)或定位於位置112處之其他處(例如，在屋頂部或裝設於柱(未圖示)之頂部上)之PV陣列。
收集、充電及分配機器102可通信耦接至一或多個位於遠端之電腦系統，諸如，後端或後台系統(僅展示一者)120。後端或後台系統120可自複數個收集、充電及分配機器102收集資料及/或控制複數個收集、充電及分配機器102，該複數個收集、充電及分配機器102分配於諸如城市之區域各處。在一些實施例中，後端或後台系統120可自複數個攜帶型電能儲存器件106收集資料及/或控制複數個攜帶型電能儲存器件106，諸如，藉由產生、追蹤、發送及/或接收包括於由收集、充電及分配機器102發送至全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108或其他車輛之無線信號126中的一或多個碼。發送及/或接收一或多個碼實現對攜帶型電能儲存器件106之接取，以用於在全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108處於收集、充電及分配機器102 附近時自各別全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除。後端或後台系統120與收集、充電及分配機器102之間的通信可發生於包括一或多個網路122之一或多個通信頻道或非網路化之通信頻道上。通信可在一或多個有線通信頻道(例如，雙絞線佈線、光纖)、無線通信頻道(例如，無線電、微波、衛星、符合801.11)上。網路化之通信頻道可包括一或多個區域網路(LAN)、廣域網路(WAN)、企業外部網路、企業內部網路或網際網路(包括網際網路之全球資訊網部分)。
收集、充電及分配機器102可包括使用者介面124。使用者介面可包括各種各樣之輸入/輸出(I/O)器件以允許終端使用者與收集、充電及分配機器102互動。參看接著的圖2引出且描述各種I/O器件。
圖2展示根據一所說明實施例的圖1之收集、充電及分配機器102。
收集、充電及分配機器102包括控制子系統202、充電子系統204、通信子系統206及使用者介面子系統208。
控制子系統202包括控制器210，例如，微處理器、微控制器、可程式化邏輯控制器(PLC)、可程式化閘陣列(PGA)、特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)，或能夠自各種感測器接收信號、執行邏輯運算及將信號發送至各種組件之另一控制器。通常，控制器210可呈微處理器(例如，INTEL、AMD、ATOM)之形式。控制子系統202亦可包括一或多個非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體，例如，唯讀記憶體(ROM)212、隨機存取記憶體(RAM)214及資料儲存器216(例如，諸如快閃記憶體或 EEPROM之固態儲存媒體，或諸如硬碟機之旋轉儲存媒體)。非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體212、214、216另外可為為控制器210之部分的任何非暫時性儲存媒體(例如，暫存器)。控制子系統202可包括將各種組件耦接在一起之一或多個匯流排218(僅說明一者)，例如，一或多個電力匯流排、指令匯流排、資料匯流排等。
如所說明，ROM 212或非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體212、214、216中之某一其他者儲存指令及/或變數或參數之資料或值。該等資料集可呈各種各樣之形式，例如，查找表、資料庫中之記錄集合等。指令及資料或值之集合可由控制器210來執行。指令及資料或值之集合的執行造成控制器210執行特定動作以造成收集、充電及分配機器102收集、充電及分配攜帶型能量儲存器件，且發送一或多個信號，該一或多個信號實現對攜帶型電能儲存器件106之接取以用於在全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108處於收集、充電及分配機器102附近時自全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除。收集、充電及分配機器102之特定操作在本文中且亦在以下參看圖3及各種流程圖(圖7至圖9)加以描述(在為外部器件之上下文中，該外部器件經鑑認以便允許將攜帶型電能儲存器件106自可操作地連接至全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除)。
控制器210可按習知方式將RAM 214用於指令、資料等之揮發性儲存。控制器210可使用資料儲存器216來記錄或保留資訊，例如，實現對攜帶型電能儲存器件106之接取以用於在全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108處於收集、充電及分配機 器102附近時自全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除之一或多個碼，及/或與收集、充電及分配機器102自身之操作有關的資訊。指令可由控制器210執行以回應於終端使用者或操作者輸入且使用變數或參數之資料或值來控制收集、充電及分配機器102之操作。
控制子系統202自各種感測器及/或收集、充電及分配機器102之其他組件接收信號，該等信號包括特徵化或指示此等其他組件之操作、狀態或狀況的資訊。感測器在圖2中由出現於圓圈中連同有適當下標字母的字母S表示。
舉例而言，一或多個位置感測器SP1至SPN可偵測在接收器104中之每一者處的攜帶型電力儲存器件106之存在或不存在。位置感測器SP1至SPN可呈各種各樣之形式。舉例而言，位置感測器SP1至SPN可呈機械開關之形式，該等機械開關回應於在將攜帶型電力儲存器件106插入至接收器104中時與各別攜帶型電力儲存器件106之一部分接觸而閉合或者斷開。亦舉例而言，位置感測器SP1至SPN可呈光學開關(亦即，光源及接收器)之形式，該等光學開關回應於在將攜帶型電力儲存器件106插入至接收器104中時與各別攜帶型電力儲存器件106之一部分接觸而閉合或者斷開。亦舉例而言，位置感測器SP1至SPN可呈電感測器或開關之形式，該等電感測器或開關回應於偵測到以下情形而閉合或者斷開：由於在將攜帶型電力儲存器件106插入至接收器104中時與各別攜帶型電力儲存器件106之端子110接觸建立的閉合電路狀況，或由於接收器104中缺少各別攜帶型電力儲存器件106而產生的開路狀況。此等實例意欲為 非限制性的，且注意，可使用用於偵測攜帶型電力儲存器件106之存在/不存在或甚至攜帶型電力儲存器件106至接收器中之插入的任何其他結構及器件。
舉例而言，一或多個電荷感測器SC1至SCN可偵測接收器104中之每一者處的攜帶型電力儲存器件106之電荷。電荷感測器SC1至SCN可偵測由攜帶型電力儲存器件106儲存之電荷量。電荷感測器SC1至SCN可另外偵測正供應至接收器104中之每一者處的攜帶型電力儲存器件106中之攜帶型電力儲存器件的電荷量及/或充電速率。此情形可允許評估每一攜帶型電力儲存器件106之當前(亦即，瞬時)充電狀況或狀態，以及允許對攜帶型電力儲存器件106之充電進行回饋控制，包括對充電速率的控制。電荷感測器SC1至SCN可包括任何各種各樣之電流及/或電壓感測器。
舉例而言，一或多個電荷感測器ST1(僅展示一者)可偵測或感測接收器104處或在周圍環境中之溫度。
控制子系統202回應於控制信號而將信號提供至各種致動器及/或其他組件，該等信號包括特徵化或指示組件將執行之操作或組件應進入之狀態或狀況的資訊。控制信號、回應於控制信號之致動器或其他組件在圖2中由出現於圓圈中連同有適當下標字母的字母C表示。
舉例而言，一或多個引擎控制信號CA1至CAN可影響一或多個致動器220(僅說明一者)之操作。舉例而言，控制信號CA1可造成致動器220在第一位置與第二位置之間的移動或改變由致動器220產生之磁場。致動器220可呈各種各樣之形式 中的任一者，包括(但不限於)螺線管、諸如步進馬達之電動馬達或電磁體。致動器220可經耦接以操作閂鎖、鎖或其他保持器機構222。閂鎖、鎖或其他保持器機構222可選擇性地保全或保持接收器104(圖1)中之一或多個攜帶型電力儲存器件106(圖1)。舉例而言，閂鎖、鎖或其他保持器機構222可實體耦接至為攜帶型電力儲存器件106(圖1)之外殼之部分的互補結構。或者，閂鎖、鎖或其他保持器機構222可磁性耦接至為攜帶型電力儲存器件106(圖1)之外殼之部分的互補結構。又舉例而言，閂鎖、鎖或其他保持器機構222可開啟接收器104(圖1)，或可允許開啟接收器104，以收納部分或完全放電之攜帶型電力儲存器件106以用於充電。舉例而言，致動器可開啟及/或關閉至接收器104(圖1)之門，以選擇性地提供對收納於其中的攜帶型電力儲存器件106(圖1)之接取。又舉例而言，致動器可開啟及/或關閉閂鎖或鎖，從而允許終端使用者開啟及/或關閉至接收器104(圖1)之門，以選擇性地提供對收納於其中的攜帶型電力儲存器件106(圖1)之接取。
控制子系統202可包括一或多個埠224a以將控制信號提供至充電子系統204之一或多個埠224b。埠224a、224b可提供雙向通信。控制子系統202可包括一或多個埠226a以將控制信號提供至使用者介面子系統208之一或多個埠226b。埠226a、226b可提供雙向通信。
充電子系統204包括各種電組件及電子組件以在攜帶型電力儲存器件106定位或收納於接收器104中時對攜帶型電力儲存器件106充電。舉例而言，充電子系統204可包括一或多個 電力匯流排或電力匯流排條、繼電器、接觸器或其他開關(例如，絕緣閘極雙極電晶體或IGBT、金屬氧化物半導體電晶體或MOSFET)、整流器橋接器、電流感測器、接地故障電路等。經由可呈各種各樣之形式(例如，端子、導線、接線柱等)中的任一者之接點來供應電力。該等接點允許電耦接各種組件。一些可能的實施方案說明於圖2中。此情形並不意欲為詳盡的。可使用額外組件，同時可省略其他組件。
所說明之充電子系統204包括第一電力轉換器230，其經由線路或接電線232自電服務114(圖1)接收電力。電力通常將呈單相、兩相或三相AC電力之形式。因而，第一電力轉換器230可能需要轉換及以其他方式調節經由電服務114(圖1)接收之電力，(例如)以用於將AC波形整流至DC，變換電壓、電流及相位，以及減少瞬態及雜訊。因此，第一電力轉換器230可包括變壓器234、整流器236、DC/DC電力轉換器238及濾波器240。
變壓器234可呈任何各種各樣之市售變壓器之形式，該等市售變壓器具有用於處置經由電服務114(圖1)接收之電力的合適額定值。一些實施例可使用多個變壓器。變壓器234可有利地提供收集、充電及分配機器102之組件與網格116(圖1)之間的電流隔離。整流器236可呈各種各樣之形式(例如，全橋二極體整流器或開關模式整流器)中的任一者。整流器236可經操作以將AC電力變換至DC電力。DC/DC電力轉換器238可呈大量各種各樣之形式中的任一者。舉例而言，DC/DC電力轉換器238可呈開關模式DC/DC電力轉換器之形式(例如，在半橋或全 橋組態中使用IGBT或MOSFET)，且可包括一或多個電感器。DC/DC電力轉換器238可具有任何數目個拓撲，包括升壓式轉換器、降壓式轉換器、同步降壓式轉換器、降壓-升壓轉換器或返馳式轉換器。濾波器240可包括一或多個電容器、電阻器、齊納(Zener)二極體或其他元件以抑制電壓尖峰，或以移除或減少瞬態及/或雜訊。
所說明之充電子系統204亦可自再生電源(例如，PV陣列118(圖1))接收電力。此電力可由第一電力轉換器230來轉換或調節，例如，直接供應至DC/DC電力轉換器238而繞過變壓器234及/或整流器236。或者，所說明之充電子系統204可包括專用電力轉換器以轉換或以其他方式調節此電力。
所說明之充電子系統204可視情況而包括第二電力轉換器242，其經由一或多個線路244自一或多個攜帶型電力儲存器件106(圖1)接收電力，以用於對攜帶型電力儲存器件106中之其他攜帶型電力儲存器件充電。因而，第二電力轉換器242可能需要轉換及/或以其他方式調節自攜帶型電力儲存器件106接收之電力，例如，視情況變換電壓或電流，以及減少瞬態及雜訊。因此，第二電力轉換器242可視情況而包括DC/DC電力轉換器246及/或濾波器248。以上論述了各種類型之DC/DC電力轉換器及濾波器。
所說明之充電子系統204包括回應於來自控制子系統202的經由埠224a、224b傳遞之控制信號的複數個開關250。該等開關可操作以選擇性地耦接待自由電服務經由第一電力轉換器230供應之電力及自由第二數目或集合之攜帶型電力儲存器 件106供應之電力充電的第一數目或集合之攜帶型電力儲存器件106。第一數目或集合之攜帶型電力儲存器件106可包括單一攜帶型電力儲存器件106、兩個或甚至兩個以上攜帶型電力儲存器件106。第二數目或集合之攜帶型電力儲存器件106可包括單一攜帶型電力儲存器件106、兩個或甚至兩個以上攜帶型電力儲存器件106。攜帶型電力儲存器件106在圖2中表示為負載L1、L2至LN。
通信子系統206可另外包括一或多個通信模組或組件，其促進與後端或後台系統120(圖1)之各種組件、全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108之各種組件及/或攜帶型電力儲存器件106之各種組件的通信。通信子系統206可(例如)包括一或多個數據機252及/或一或多個乙太網路卡或其他類型之通信卡或組件254。控制子系統202之埠256a可將控制子系統202與通信子系統206之埠256b通信耦接。通信子系統206可提供有線及/或無線通信。舉例而言，通信子系統206可提供組件，該等組件實現與收集、充電及分配機器102外部之各種其他器件(包括全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108之各種組件及/或攜帶型電力儲存器件106之各種組件)之短程無線通信(例如，經由藍芽、近場通信(NFC)、射頻識別(RFID)組件及協定)或較遠程無線通信(例如，經無線LAN、衛星或蜂巢式網路)。通信子系統206可包括一或多個埠、無線接收器、無線傳輸器或無線收發器以提供至各種遠端組件或系統之無線信號路徑。通信子系統206可包括適合於處置網路訊務(包括交換式封包類型通信協定(TCP/IP)、乙太網路或其他網路連接協定)之一或多個橋接器 或路由器。
使用者介面子系統208包括一或多個使用者輸入/輸出(I/O)組件。舉例而言，使用者介面子系統208可包括一觸控螢幕顯示器208a，其可操作以對終端使用者呈現資訊，及呈現圖形使用者介面(GUI)以接收使用者選擇之指示。使用者介面子系統208可包括一鍵盤或小鍵盤208b及/或游標控制器(例如，滑鼠、軌跡球、軌跡墊)(未加以說明)，以允許終端使用者鍵入資訊及/或選擇GUI中之使用者可選擇圖示。使用者介面子系統208可包括一揚聲器208c以將聲音訊息提供至終端使用者，及/或可包括一麥克風208d以接收口頭的使用者輸入(諸如，口頭命令)。
使用者介面子系統208可包括卡讀取器208e以自卡型媒體209讀取資訊。卡讀取器208e可呈各種各樣之形式。舉例而言，卡讀取器208e可呈磁條讀取器之形式或包括磁條讀取器，該磁條讀取器用於讀取編碼於由卡209載運之磁條中的資訊。舉例而言，卡讀取器208e可呈機器可讀符號(例如，條碼、矩陣碼)卡讀取器之形式或包括機器可讀符號(例如，條碼、矩陣碼)卡讀取器，該機器可讀符號卡讀取器用於讀取編碼於由卡209載運之機器可讀符號中的資訊。舉例而言，卡讀取器208e可呈智慧卡讀取器之形式或包括智慧卡讀取器，該智慧卡讀取器用於讀取編碼於由卡209載運之非暫時性媒體中的資訊。此可(例如)包括使用射頻識別(RFID)詢答器或電子支付晶片(例如，近場通信(NFC)晶片)之媒體。因此，卡讀取器208e可能能夠自各種各樣之卡媒體209(例如，信用卡、轉帳卡、禮品 卡、預付卡，以及諸如駕照之識別媒體)讀取資訊。卡讀取器208e亦可能能夠讀取編碼於由攜帶型電能儲存器件106載運之非暫時性媒體中之資訊，且亦可包括RFID詢答器、收發器、NFC晶片及/或其他通信器件以將資訊傳達至全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108之各種組件及/或攜帶型電力儲存器件106之各種組件(例如，用於對攜帶型電能儲存器件106及/或全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108的收集、充電及分配機器102之鑑認，或用於對收集、充電及分配機器102的攜帶型電能儲存器件106之鑑認)。
使用者介面子系統208可包括紙鈔機208f及驗鈔器及/或投幣器208g以接受及驗證現金支付。此等組件可高度適用於服務缺少信用之人群。紙鈔機及驗鈔器208f及/或投幣器208g可呈任何各種各樣之形式，例如，當前市售及在各種自動售貨機及公共資訊查詢站中使用之彼等形式。
圖3展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108之攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之攜帶型電能儲存器件實體保全系統，小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108在一例子中與收集、充電及分配機器102無線通信且在另一例子中與小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車服務中心318處之器件無線通信。
所展示為可操作地耦接至鎖定機構控制器306之攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320。在一些實施例中，攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及鎖定機構控制器306為小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108之部分。在其他實施例中，攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及鎖定機構控制器306與攜帶型電能儲存器件106z 整合或為攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之部分。
亦展示的為與鎖定機構控制器306無線通信之收集、充電及分配機器102。舉例而言，收集、充電及分配機器102之通信子系統206(圖2中所示)可提供實現與收集、充電及分配機器102外部之各種其他器件(包括鎖定機構控制器306)之短程無線通信(例如，經由藍芽、近場通信(NFC)、射頻識別(RFID)組件及協定)或較遠程無線通信(例如，經無線LAN、衛星或蜂巢式網路)之組件。收集、充電及分配機器102之通信子系統206可包括一或多個埠、無線接收器、無線傳輸器或無線收發器以提供至鎖定機構控制器306之無線信號路徑。收集、充電及分配機器102之通信子系統206亦可或可替代地包括適合處置網路訊務(包括交換式封包類型通信協定(TCP/IP)、乙太網路或其他網路連接協定)之一或多個橋接器或路由器。
攜帶型電能儲存器件106z可借出、租賃及/或租借給公眾。由於攜帶型電能儲存器件106z通常為相對昂貴之組件，因此需要控制如何及在何種情況下可將攜帶型電能儲存器件106z自可操作地連接或附接至其提供電力所針對的小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除。攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之實體保全之此控制有助於防止攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之盜竊及/誤用。舉例而言，攜帶型電能儲存器件106z可為可操作地連接至小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108且實體鎖定或以其他方式實體緊固於小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108中，直至鎖定機構控制器306偵測到一無線信號，該無線信號包括來自諸如收集、充電及分配機器102或在具有一或多個無線通信子系統(諸如，收集 、充電及分配機器102之上述無線通信子系統)之服務中心318處的器件之鑑認資訊。具有一或多個無線通信子系統(諸如，收集、充電及分配機器102之上述無線通信子系統)之其他此等外部器件(未圖示)可包括(但不限於)：卡鑰匙、存取卡、信用卡、存取控制鑰匙圈、行動計算器件、蜂巢式電話、個人數位助理(PDA)、智慧型手機、電池組充電器、其他存取控制器件等。
收集、充電及分配機器102可週期性、恆定或非週期性地發射無線信號126，用於鎖定機構控制器306收聽此信號以接收及鑑認收集、充電及分配機器102以便觸發攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320解鎖，從而實現自小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除攜帶型電能儲存器件106z。又或實情為，鎖定機構控制器306可週期性或恆定地發射無線信號126，收聽此信號之收集、充電及分配機器102將藉由用於鎖定機構控制器306接收且鑑認收集、充電及分配機器102以便觸發攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320解鎖(從而實現自小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108移除攜帶型電能儲存器件106z)之無線信號回應該無線信號126。
在一些實施例中，自收集、充電及分配機器102接收之無線信號可包括可由鎖定機構控制器306鑑認以便確保信號正自經授權之器件接收之碼。舉例而言，碼可為時間敏感之碼(諸如「跳頻」碼或「滾動」碼)以提供此保全。在40位元滾動碼之情況下，四十個位元提供240(約1萬億)個可能的碼。然而，可替代地使用其他位元長度之碼。收集、充電及分配機器102 記憶體(例如，ROM 212)可固持當前40位元碼。收集、充電及分配機器102接著將40位元碼發送至鎖定機構控制器306，用於鎖定機構控制器306解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320。鎖定機構控制器306亦固持當前40位元碼。若鎖定機構控制器306接收到其期望之40位元碼，則其解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320。若鎖定機構控制器306未接收到其期望之40位元碼，則鎖定機構控制器306不進行任何操作。在一些實施例中，若攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320處於解鎖狀態，且鎖定機構控制器306未接收到其期望之40位元碼或在判定之時間週期上不能夠接收到任何信號，則鎖定機構控制器306將鎖定攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320。
收集、充電及分配機器102及鎖定機構控制器306皆使用同一偽隨機數產生器(例如，由收集、充電及分配機器102及鎖定機構控制器306之各別處理器實施)產生40位元碼。收集、充電及分配機器102可具有不同的偽隨機數產生器以匹配每一小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108或攜帶型電能儲存器件106中之每一者的每一鎖定機構控制器306之偽隨機數產生器。當鎖定機構控制器306自收集、充電及分配機器102接收到有效碼時，其使用同一偽隨機數產生器相對於接收之有效碼產生下一個碼，且與收集、充電及分配機器102無線通信以指導其亦使用同一偽隨機數產生器產生下一個碼，收集、充電及分配機器102儲存該下一個碼用於下一次使用。以此方式，收集、充電及分配機器102與鎖定機構控制器306經同步。若鎖定機構控制器306接收到其期望之碼，則其僅解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件 鎖定機構320。
再者，當前40位元碼或其他時間敏感之滾動碼可經產生且傳達至收集、充電及分配機器之網路內之一或多個其他收集、充電及分配機器(例如，經由圖1中展示之網路122)，使得當具有鎖定機構控制器306之小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車或具有鎖定機構控制器306之攜帶型電能儲存器件106z在其他收集、充電及分配機器之無線信號範圍內時，任一收集、充電及分配機器102可將正確的當前碼傳達至鎖定機構控制器306。在一些實施例中，鎖定機構控制器306可按偽隨機數順序接受接下來的256個可能的有效碼中之任一者。以此方式，若鎖定機構控制器306及收集、充電及分配機器102因某一原因而變得不同步(相差256個或256個以下滾動碼)，則鎖定機構控制器306將仍接受來自收集、充電及分配機器102之傳輸，解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320，且相對於接收之有效碼產生下一個碼。
在其他實施例中，跳頻、滾動或時間敏感之碼可為由後端或後台系統120傳達至收集、充電及分配機器102且無線傳達至鎖定機構控制器306之通用碼。舉例而言，此可發生於WAN、LAN上，及/或當鎖定機構控制器306在收集、充電及分配機器102之無線通信範圍內時，諸如，當小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108來到收集、充電及分配機器102時。
在一些實施例中，鎖定機構控制器306及收集、充電及分配機器儲存一共同秘密密鑰或碼，且使用一共同秘密演算法用於收集、充電及分配機器之鑑認。舉例而言，共同秘密演 算法可為雜湊函數或採用秘密密鑰及至少一其他密鑰或碼作為輸入且基於秘密密鑰及不同輸入產生不同輸出之其他演算法。共同秘密演算法可由鎖定機構控制器306及收集、充電及分配機器之各別處理器使用在鎖定機構控制器306及收集、充電及分配機器之各別電腦可讀媒體上或在鎖定機構控制器306及收集、充電及分配機器之各別經組態之硬體或韌體組件上的儲存之指令執行。可起初按保全方式在鎖定機構控制器306及收集、充電及分配機器中編碼、程式化或安裝共同秘密演算法及共同秘密密鑰或碼，使得其不可擷取或另外受到保護不被發現。在鑑認過程期間，不在鎖定機構控制器306與收集、充電及分配機器之間傳達共同秘密演算法及共同秘密密鑰或碼。
回應於經由無線信號126(可已回應於自鎖定機構控制器306接收之無線信號或信標而發送無線信號126)接收到來自收集、充電及分配機器之鑑認信標或請求，鎖定機構控制器306產生挑戰密鑰，且將此挑戰密鑰發送至收集、充電及分配機器。回應於接收到挑戰密鑰，收集、充電及分配機器使用秘密演算法及共同秘密密鑰產生回應值，且將此回應值發送至鎖定機構控制器306。鎖定機構控制器306接著藉由使用產生之挑戰密鑰及秘密密鑰作為至秘密演算法之輸入以自秘密演算法產生輸出值來確認回應值。鎖定機構控制器306接著比較來自秘密演算法之此輸出值與自收集、充電及分配機器接收之回應值。若由鎖定機構控制器306自秘密演算法產生之輸出與自收集、充電及分配機器接收之回應值匹配，則收集、充 電及分配機器經鑑認，且鎖定機構控制器306可接著相應地採取行動，諸如，將控制信號發送至鎖定機構320以解鎖。若由鎖定機構控制器306自秘密演算法產生之輸出與自收集、充電及分配機器接收之回應值不匹配，則收集、充電及分配機器未被鑑認，且鎖定機構控制器306可接著不採取行動，或相應地採取其他行動，諸如，將控制信號發送至鎖定機構320以鎖定(若未鎖定)。在一些實施例中，可使用涉及使用公共密鑰及/或公共演算法之任一組合的任一鑑認過程。
一旦鎖定機構控制器306不再可自收集、充電及分配機器102接收到無線信號126(例如，在小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車已在收集、充電及分配機器102處交換了攜帶型電能儲存器件106z且不再在收集、充電及分配機器102無線信號126之範圍內後)，鎖定機構控制器306將發送一信號以使攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320鎖定以防止攜帶型電能儲存器件106z能夠被移除可操作地連接至小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108。再者，如上所述，若自收集、充電及分配機器102或其他器件接收之信號含有一有效碼，若尚未鎖定，則鎖定機構控制器306將發送一信號以使攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320鎖定以防止攜帶型電能儲存器件106z能夠被移除可操作地連接至小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車。在一些情況下，在鎖定機構控制器306不為攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之部分之情況下，在發送一信號以使攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320鎖定前，鎖定機構控制器306必須偵測攜帶型電能儲存器件106z在小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車108中之存在。
在一些實施例中，鑑認之無線部分受到強的相控。在附近，系統挑戰一些或所有攜帶型電能儲存器件收集、充電及分配機器，該等攜帶型電能儲存器件收集、充電及分配機器將以無線方式告訴車輛脫齧攜帶型電能儲存器件，以便調換攜帶型電能儲存器件。再者，攜帶型電能儲存器件收集、充電及分配機器/服務中心可為行動的。舉例而言，服務車輛可來到路邊上破壞/沒電的車輛，且攜帶型電能儲存器件可僅當鑑認之服務車輛在附近時釋放。「附近」可為由系統在短程無線信號之範圍內選擇之任一距離範圍。亦可使用非常短的近距離，例如，如在一些實施例中，系統可使用諸如近場通信(NFC)或其他近場之技術或非常短程技術。
圖4為根據一非限制性所說明實施例的圖3之鎖定機構控制器之示意圖。
鎖定機構控制器306包括一控制器410、一通信子系統406及一電力介面420。
舉例而言，控制器410為微處理器、微控制器、可程式化邏輯控制器(PLC)、可程式化閘陣列(PGA)、特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)，或能夠自各種感測器接收信號、執行邏輯運算及將信號發送至各種組件之另一控制器。通常，控制器410可呈微處理器(例如，INTEL、AMD、ATOM)之形式。鎖定機構控制器306亦可包括一或多個非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體，例如，唯讀記憶體(ROM)412、隨機存取記憶體(RAM)414及其他儲存器416(例如，諸如快閃記憶體或EEPROM之固態儲存媒體，或諸如硬碟機之旋轉儲存媒體)。非暫時性處理器或 電腦可讀儲存媒體412、414、416可在為控制器410之部分的任何非暫時性儲存媒體(例如，暫存器)之外亦存在。鎖定機構控制器306可包括將各種組件耦接在一起之一或多個匯流排418(僅說明一者)，例如，一或多個電力匯流排、指令匯流排、資料匯流排等。
如所說明，ROM 412或非暫時性處理器或電腦可讀儲存媒體412、414、416中之某一其他者儲存指令及/或變數或參數之資料或值。該等資料集合可呈各種各樣之形式，例如，查找表、資料庫中之一組記錄等。指令及資料或值之集合可由控制器410執行。指令及資料或值之集合的執行使控制器410執行特定動作以比較自外部器件接收之碼，且使鎖定機構控制器306基於比較產生控制信號以鎖定或解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320。再者，此等動作可包括(例如)實施偽隨機數以產生滾動碼之操作(如上所述)。鎖定機構控制器306之特定操作在本文中且亦在下文參看各流程圖(圖7至圖9)加以描述。
控制器410可按習知方式將RAM 414用於指令、資料等之揮發性儲存。控制器410可使用資料儲存器416記錄或保留資訊，例如，關於使用者設定檔資訊、車輛設定檔資訊、保全碼、憑證、保全認證、密碼、車輛資訊等之資訊。該等指令可由控制器410執行以回應於來自遠端系統之輸入(諸如，包括(但不限於)以下各者的外部器件之輸入：充電器件；車輛；使用者識別器件(卡、電子密鑰等)車輛；收集、充電及分配機器；收集、充電及分配機器服務系統；服務中心；使用者行動 器件；使用者車輛)及終端使用者或操作者輸入控制鎖定機構控制器306之操作。
控制器410亦可經由鎖定機構控制器306之通信子系統406自各種感測器及/或外部器件之組件接收信號。此資訊可包括表徵或指示此等組件及/或外部器件之確實性、授權等級、操作、狀態或狀況之資訊。
通信子系統406可包括一或多個通信模組或組件，其有助於與圖1之收集、充電及分配機器102之各種組件通信(例如，以便接收保全碼)及/或與其他外部器件之各種組件通信，且亦使得為了鑑認目的，可在鎖定機構控制器306與外部器件之間交換資料。通信子系統406可提供有線及/或無線通信。通信子系統406可包括一或多個埠、無線接收器、無線傳輸器或無線收發器以提供至各種遠端組件或系統之無線信號路徑。通信子系統406可(例如)包括實現短程無線通信(例如，經由藍芽、近場通信(NFC)、射頻識別(RFID)組件及協定)或較遠程無線通信(例如，經無線LAN、衛星或蜂巢式網路)之組件，且可包括用於進行此之一或多個數據機或一或多個乙太網路或其他類型之通信卡或組件。遠端通信子系統406可包括適合處置網路訊務(包括交換式封包類型通信協定(TCP/IP)、乙太網路或其他網路連接協定)之一或多個橋接器或路由器。
在一些實施例中，鎖定機構控制器306的組件中之一些或全部可位於攜帶型電能儲存器件106z外，作為致動攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之一或多個致動器502(圖6及圖7中所示)(例如，藉由經由通信子系統406發送之無線控制信號)的分離器件。
電力介面420可由控制器410控制，且經組態以經由連接314a自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z接收力以將電力提供至鎖定機構控制器306及亦至攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320(經由連接314b)。再者，電力介面420可由控制器410控制，且經組態以在攜帶型電能儲存器件106z不能夠提供足夠電力以操作攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及/或鎖定機構控制器306之情況下，經由連接314c自不同於攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之輔助源接收電力以將電力提供至攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及/或鎖定機構控制器306。電力介面420包括可操作用於執行以上功能之各種組件，諸如，變壓器、轉換器、整流器等。
圖5展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之橫截面正視圖，攜帶型電能儲存器件106z耦接至圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件實體保全系統且鎖定於圖1及圖3之小輪機踏車108內之可操作位置中。
所展示為一帶型電能儲存器件固持器510、車輛之一部分508、一攜帶型電能儲存器件外殼302、電端子110a、110b、一電池組電池304、一鎖定機構控制器306、一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及一輔助電源516。電池組電池304可為將儲存之化學能轉換成電能之任一可再充電類型之電化學電池。再者，電池組電池304可包含任一類型之可再充電超電容器陣列或燃料電池陣列。如上所述，可自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之外部接取電端子110a、110b。電端子110允許自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z傳遞電荷，以及允許將電荷傳遞至攜帶型 電能儲存器件106z，以用於經由至電池組電池304之導電端子連接312a及312b對其充電或再充電。雖然在圖3中說明為接線柱，但電端子110a及110b可呈可自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之外部接取的任一其他形式，包括定位於電池組外殼302中之槽內的電端子。
攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320位於攜帶型電能儲存器件外殼302外，且固定地附接至車輛部分508(例如，車輛框或底盤)，車輛部分508附接至固持器510，攜帶型電能儲存器件106z置放於固持器510中。固持器510具有一頂部開口512，經由頂部開口512，可將攜帶型電能儲存器件106z置放於固持器510內及自固持器510移除攜帶型電能儲存器件106z。一旦將攜帶型電能儲存器件106z置放於固持器510中，則固持器510包圍攜帶型電能儲存器件106z，惟在頂部開口512處除外。攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320具有一可滑動螺釘506，在鎖定狀態下，其部分覆蓋開口512(如在圖5中所示)以阻擋攜帶型電能儲存器件106z穿過開口512，且因此防止攜帶型電能儲存器件106z能夠被自固持器510移除。可滑動螺釘506可在螺釘軌道上滑動或可滑動經由固定地附接至車輛部分508的螺釘外殼504。當攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320在解鎖狀態下時，可滑動螺釘506收縮(未圖示)至螺釘外殼504內以不覆蓋開口512，且因此允許攜帶型電能儲存器件106z穿過固持器510之開口512，用於移除攜帶型電能儲存器件106z。
攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320經由控制線308及電力線314b耦接至鎖定機構控制器306。舉例而言，經由控制線 308自鎖定機構控制器306接收之一或多個引擎控制信號可影響一或多個致動器502(僅說明一者)之操作以使可滑動螺釘506移動。舉例而言，控制信號可造成致動器502在第一位置與第二位置之間的移動或改變由致動器502產生之磁場。致動器502可呈各種各樣之形式中的任一者，包括(但不限於)螺線管、諸如步進馬達之電馬達或電磁體。致動器502可或者經耦接以操作用於攜帶型電能儲存器件1062之不同閂鎖、鎖或其他類型之保持器機構。
鎖定機構控制器306經組態以經由連接314a自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z接收電力，以將電力提供至鎖定機構控制器306及亦至攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320(經由連接314b)。再者，鎖定機構控制器306視情況經組態以在攜帶型電能儲存器件106z不能夠提供足夠電力以操作攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及/或鎖定機構控制器306之情況下，經由連接314c自不同於攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之輔助源516接收電力，以將電力提供至攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及/或鎖定機構控制器306。
外殼302可提供保護以防止或阻止篡改，且可由合適的強且彈性材料(例如，ABS塑膠)形成。此情形可不僅防止或阻止篡改，且亦可留下任何篡改嘗試之可見指示。舉例而言，外殼302可包括在處於下方的第二色彩(例如，螢光橙色)之內層內的第一色彩(例如，黑色)之強外層。此情形將致使切開外殼302之嘗試明顯顯而易見。
亦注意，外殼302可充當易卸基板，或可將易卸基板緊固 至外殼302之內部分，例如，經由合適的黏著劑。因此，篡改外殼可破壞或損壞電路連接，從而致使攜帶型電能儲存器件106z不可操作。
圖6展示根據一非限制性所說明替代實施例的圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之一替代實施例的橫截面正視圖，其中圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件實體保全系統與圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件106z整合且為圖1及圖3之攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之部分。
所展示為一攜帶型電能儲存器件固持器510、一攜帶型電能儲存器件外殼302、電端子110a、110b、一電池組電池304、一鎖定機構控制器306、一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及一接取面板518以插入於輔助電源中。電池組電池304為將儲存之化學能轉換成電能之任一可再充電類型之電化學電池。如上所述，可自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之外部接取電端子110a、110b。
攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320位於攜帶型電能儲存器件外殼302內部，且固定地附接至攜帶型電能儲存器件外殼302之內部。固持器510具有一頂部開口512，可經由該頂部開口512將攜帶型電能儲存器件106z置放於固持器510內及自固持器510移除攜帶型電能儲存器件106z。一旦將攜帶型電能儲存器件106z置放於固持器510中，則固持器510包圍攜帶型電能儲存器件106z，惟在頂部開口512處除外。攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320具有一可滑動螺釘506，可滑動螺釘506經組態以在螺釘軌道上滑動或可滑動經由固定地附接至攜帶型電 能儲存器件外殼302之內壁。可滑動螺釘506經組態以滑動經由外殼302之側中的開口520，且至固持器510之側壁中的開口520(與外殼302之側中的開口對準)內以阻擋攜帶型電能儲存器件106z穿過固持器510之頂部開口512，且因此防止攜帶型電能儲存器件106z能夠被自固持器510(如在圖6中所示)移除。當攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320處於解鎖狀態下時，可滑動螺釘506收縮(未圖示)回至在攜帶型電能儲存器件106z內部之螺釘外殼504內，且因此允許攜帶型電能儲存器件106z穿過固持器510之頂部開口512，用於移除攜帶型電能儲存器件106z。
攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320經由控制線308及電力線314b耦接至鎖定機構控制器306。舉例而言，經由控制線308自鎖定機構控制器306接收之一或多個引擎控制信號可影響一或多個致動器502(僅說明一者)之操作以使可滑動螺釘506移動。舉例而言，控制信號可造成致動器502在第一位置與第二位置之間的移動或改變由致動器502產生之磁場。致動器502可呈各種各樣之形式中的任一者，包括(但不限於)螺線管、諸如步進馬達之電馬達或電磁體。致動器502可或者經耦接以操作用於攜帶型電能儲存器件106z之不同閂鎖、鎖或其他類型之保持器機構。
鎖定機構控制器306經組態以經由連接314a自攜帶型電能儲存器件106z接收電力，以將電力提供至鎖定機構控制器306及亦至攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320(經由電力線314b)。再者，鎖定機構控制器306經組態以經由線314c自不同於攜帶 型電能儲存器件106z之輔助源接收電力。輔助源可經由外殼302中之接取面板518連接至線314b以在攜帶型電能儲存器件106z不能夠提供足夠電力以操作攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及/或鎖定機構控制器306之情況下，將電力提供至攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320及/或鎖定機構控制器306。
外殼302可提供保護以防止或阻止篡改，且可由合適的強且彈性材料(例如，ABS塑膠)形成。此情形可不僅防止或阻止篡改，且亦可留下任何篡改嘗試之可見指示。舉例而言，外殼302可包括在處於下方的第二色彩(例如，螢光橙色)之內層內的第一色彩(例如，黑色)之強外層。此情形將致使切開外殼302之嘗試明顯顯而易見。
亦注意，外殼302可充當易卸基板，或可將易卸基板緊固至外殼302之內部分，例如，經由合適的黏著劑。因此，篡改外殼可破壞或損壞電路連接，從而致使攜帶型電能儲存器件106z不可操作。
圖7展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的操作圖3至圖6之鎖定機構控制器之高階方法700。
在702處，攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統接收關於外部器件(諸如，收集、充電及分配機器102)之鑑認之資訊。
在704處，攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統基於關於鑑認之資訊作出關於解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320以允許將攜帶型電能儲存器件106z自可操作地連接至車輛移除之判定。
圖8展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的操作圖3至圖6之 鎖定機構控制器之低階方法800，該低階方法包括可用於圖7之方法中的接受攜帶型電能儲存器件充電。
在802處，攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統經由自收集、充電及分配機器102傳輸之無線信號接收關於鑑認之資訊。在距攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之通信模組達指定最大範圍外，無法偵測到自收集、充電及分配機器102接收之無線信號。
圖9展示根據一非限制性所說明實施例的操作圖3及圖4之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統控制器306之低階方法900，該低階方法包括可用於圖8之方法中的基於車輛之車輛效能設定檔而判定釋放多少能量。
在902處，攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統接收關於外部器件(諸如，收集、充電及分配機器102)之鑑認之資訊。
在904處，攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統判定所接收之資訊是否得到鑑認。
在906處，若判定所接收之資訊得到鑑認(例如，藉由匹配接收之碼)，則攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統以解鎖攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320以便允許將攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至車輛移除之方式發送來自鎖定機構控制器306之信號。
在908處，攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統判定是否能夠繼續接收資訊。舉例而言，一旦鎖定機構控制器306不再可自收集、充電及分配機器102接收到無線信號(例如，在小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車已在收集、充電及分配機器102處交換了攜帶型電能儲存器件106z且不再在收集、充電及分配機器102無線信 號126之範圍內後)，則可能不能夠繼續接收資訊。
在909處，若判定所接收之資訊並非得到鑑認或資訊不能夠繼續由攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統接收，且若攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320尚未鎖定，則攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統以鎖定攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構320以便防止將攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至車輛移除之方式發送來自鎖定機構控制器306之信號。若資訊能夠繼續由攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統接收，則方法900藉由再次繼續進行至902以執行資訊之鑑認而重複。該方法可按週期性間隔或連續地重複。
本文中描述之各種方法可包括額外動作，省略一些動作，及/或可按與在各種流程圖中所闡述之次序不同之次序執行動作。
前述詳細描述已經由方塊圖、示意圖及實例之使用闡明了器件及/或處理程序之各種實施例。在此等方塊圖、示意圖及實例含有一或多個功能及/或操作之範圍內，熟習此項技術者應理解，在此等方塊圖、流程圖或實例內之每一功能及/或操作可由廣泛範圍的硬體、軟體、韌體或實際上其任何組合來個別及/或共同地實施。在一實施例中，可經由一或多個微控制器實施本標的物。然而，熟習此項技術者應認識到，本文中揭示之實施例整體地或部分地可等效地實施於標準積體電路(例如，特殊應用積體電路或ASIC)中，實施為由一或多個電腦執行之一或多個電腦程式(例如，實施為在一或多個電腦系統上執行之一或多個程式)，實施為由一或多個控制器(例 如，微控制器)執行之一或多個程式，實施為由一或多個處理器(例如，微處理器)執行之一或多個程式，實施為韌體，或實施為實際上其任何組合，且設計電路及/或撰寫用於軟體及/或韌體之程式碼將良好地處於依據本發明之教示的一般熟習此項技術者之技術內。
當將邏輯實施為軟體且儲存於記憶體中時，可將邏輯或資訊儲存於任何非暫時性電腦可讀媒體上以供任何與處理器有關之系統或方法使用或結合任何與處理器有關之系統或方法使用。在本發明之上下文中，記憶體為非暫時性電腦或處理器可讀儲存媒體，其為非暫時性地含有或儲存電腦及/或處理器程式之電子、磁性、光學或其他實體器件或構件。邏輯及/或資訊可體現於任何電腦可讀媒體中以供指令執行系統、裝置或器件使用或結合指令執行系統、裝置或器件使用，指令執行系統、裝置或器件諸如基於電腦之系統、含有處理器之系統，或可自該指令執行系統、裝置或器件提取指令且執行與邏輯及/或資訊相關聯之指令之其他系統。
在本說明書之上下文中，「電腦可讀媒體」可為可儲存供指令執行系統、裝置及/或器件使用或結合指令執行系統、裝置及/或器件而使用的與邏輯及/或資訊相關聯之程式的任何實體元件。舉例而言，電腦可讀媒體可為(但不限於)電子、磁性、光學、電磁、紅外線或半導體系統、裝置或器件。電腦可讀媒體之更特定實體(非詳盡清單)將包括以下各者：攜帶型電腦碟片(磁性、緊密快閃卡、安全數位卡或其類似者)、隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、可抹除可程式化唯讀記 憶體(EPROM、EEPROM或快閃記憶體)、攜帶型緊密光碟唯讀記憶體(CDROM)及數位磁帶。
可組合上文所描述之各種實施例以提供其他實施例。在並不與本文中之特定教示及定義不一致之範圍內，包括(但不限於)以下各者的在本說明書中參考的及/或在申請資料單中列出之所有美國專利、美國專利申請公開案、美國專利申請案、外國專利、外國專利申請案及非專利公開案以全文引用的方式併入本文中：題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES」且於2011年7月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/511,900號(代理人案號170178.401P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES」且於2012年5月16日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/647,936號(代理人案號170178.401P2)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR REDISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES,BETWEEN COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES」且於2011年9月14日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/534,753號(代理人案號170178.402P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES」且於2011年9月 14日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/534,761號(代理人案號170178.403P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES,BASED ON USER PROFILES」且於2011年9月14日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/534,772號(代理人案號170178.404P1)；題為「THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES」且於2011年7月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/511,887號(代理人案號170178.406P1)；題為「THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE VEHICLES」且於2012年5月16日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/647,941號(代理人案號170178.406P2)；題為「DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT ECONOMY」且於2011年7月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/511,880號(代理人案號170178.407P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD,AND ARTICLE FOR PHYSICAL SECURITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES IN VEHICLES」且於2011年11月8日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/557,170號(代理人案號170178.408P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COMPARMENT」且於2011年12月29日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/581,566號(代理人案號170178.412P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC DATA」且於2012年 2月21日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/601,404號(代理人案號170178.417P1)；題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING LOCATIONS OF POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES」且於2012年2月22日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/601,949號(代理人案號170178.418P1)；及題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION REGARDING AVAILABILITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES AT A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINE」且於2012年2月22日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/601,953號(代理人案號170178.419P1)；指名Hok-Sum Horace Luke、Matthew Whiting Taylor及Huang-Cheng Hung作為發明者且題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTING POWER STORAGE DEVICES,SUCH AS BATTERIES」的於2012年7月26日申請之美國申請案第_________號(代理人案號170178.401)；指名Hok-Sum Horace Luke及Matthew Whiting Taylor作為發明者且題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR AUTHENTICATION,SECURITY AND CONTROL OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES SUCH AS BATTERIES」的於2012年7月26日申請之美國申請案第_________號(代理人案號170178.403)；指名Hok-Sum Horace Luke及Matthew Whiting Taylor作為發明者且題為「 DYNAMICALLY LIMITING VEHICLE OPERATION FOR BEST EFFORT ECONOMY」的於2012年7月26日申請之美國申請案第_________號(代理人案號170178.407)；指名Ching Chen、Hok-Sum Horace Luke、Matthew Whiting Taylor、Yi-Tseng Wu作為發明者且題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC DATA」的於2012年7月26日申請之美國申請案第_________號(代理人案號170178.417)；指名Yi-Tsung Wu、Matthew Whiting Taylor、Hok-Sum HoraceLuke及Jung-Hsiu Chen作為發明者且題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION REGARDING AVAILABILITY OF POWER STORAGE DEVICES AT A POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINE」的於2012年7月26日申請之美國申請案第_________號(代理人案號170178.419)；及指名Hok-Sum Horace Luke、Yi-Tsung Wu、Jung-Hsiu Chen、Yulin Wu、Chien Ming Huang、TsungTing Chan、Shen-Chi Chen及Feng Kai Yang作為發明者且題為「APPARATUS,METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR RESERVING POWER STORAGE DEVICES AT RESERVING POWER STORAGE DEVICE COLLECTION,CHARGING AND DISTRIBUTION MACHINES」的於2012年7月26日申請之美國申請案第_________號(代理人案號170178.423)。必要時，可修改實施例之態樣以使用各種專利、申請案及公開案之系統、電路及概念以提供又其他的實施例。
雖然在對攜帶型電能儲存器件進行收集、充電及分配以用於供個人運輸車輛(諸如，全電動小輪機踏車及/或機動腳踏車)使用之環境及上下文下大體論述，但本文中之教示可應用於廣泛的各種各樣之其他環境，包括其他車輛以及非車輛環境。
所說明實施例之上述描述(包括在「發明摘要」中描述之內容)並不意欲為詳盡的或將該等實施例限於所揭示之精確形式。雖然在本文中為了說明性目的而描述特定實施例及實例，但如熟習相關技術者應認識到，在不脫離本發明之精神及範疇之情況下，可進行各種等效修改。
可依據上述詳細描述對實施例進行此等及其他修改。一般而言，在以下申請專利範圍中，所使用之術語不應被解釋為將申請專利範圍限於本說明書及申請專利範圍中揭示之特定實施例，而應被解釋為包括所有可能的實施例，以及此等申請專利範圍所賦予權利的等效內容之全部範疇。因此，申請專利範圍不受揭示內容限制。
100‧‧‧環境
102‧‧‧收集、充電及分配機器
104a‧‧‧接收器、收容空間或插座
104b‧‧‧接收器、收容空間或插座
104n‧‧‧接收器、收容空間或插座
106a‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
106n‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
106z‧‧‧攜帶型電能儲存器件
108‧‧‧全電動小輪機踏車或機動腳踏車
110a‧‧‧電端子
110b‧‧‧電端子
112‧‧‧位置
114‧‧‧電服務
114a‧‧‧電服務計量錶
114b‧‧‧電路面板
114c‧‧‧佈線
114d‧‧‧電插口
116‧‧‧網格
118‧‧‧光伏打(PV)電池陣列
120‧‧‧後端或後台系統
122‧‧‧網路
124‧‧‧使用者介面
126‧‧‧無線信號

Claims (22)

  1. 一種用於一攜帶型電能儲存器件之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其包含：至少一控制器；及至少一通信模組，其耦接至該至少一控制器，其中該至少一控制器經組態以：經由該通信模組接收關於一外部器件之鑑認之資訊；及回應於接收到關於鑑認之該資訊，解鎖一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至一車輛移除。
  2. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該至少一控制器經組態以基於關於鑑認的該所接收之資訊作出關於解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構之一判定。
  3. 如請求項2之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該至少一控制器經進一步組態以：產生一挑戰密鑰以發送至該外部器件；將該挑戰密鑰發送至該外部器件；自該外部器件接收對該挑戰密鑰之該發送的一回應，該回應包括一回應碼，作為關於鑑認之該資訊的部分；使用一秘密密鑰及該回應碼作為輸入，自一秘密演算法產生一輸出，該秘密演算法及該秘密密鑰經組態以僅為該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統及一或多個經授權之外部器件已知；及比較來自該秘密演算法之該輸出與該回應碼，且其中該 至少一控制器經組態以至少基於該比較作出關於解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構之該判定。
  4. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該經組態之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統耦接至該車輛，或整合為該攜帶型電能儲存器件之部分。
  5. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該外部器件為一攜帶型電能儲存器件收集及充電機器。
  6. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該外部器件為位於一車輛服務中心之一器件。
  7. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該至少一通信模組經組態以經由一無線信號接收關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊，且將該資訊傳達至該至少一控制器以解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構，以便允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除。
  8. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其進一步包含：該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構，其耦接至該至少一控制器；及一開關，其耦接至該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構及該至少一控制器，該開關經組態以藉由由該經組態之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之該至少一控制器產生的一控制信號予以啟動，其中該控制器經組態以：在該外部器件係基於關於鑑認之該資訊而鑑認之情況下，以解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便允許將該攜 帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式發送該信號；及在於一所定義之時間週期之後不再可經由該通信模組接收到關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊的情況下，以鎖定該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便防止將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式發送該信號。
  9. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該至少一控制器經組態以經由自該外部器件傳輸之一無線信號接收關於鑑認之該資訊，且其中在距該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統通信模組達一指定最大範圍外，無法偵測到自該外部器件傳輸之該無線信號。
  10. 如請求項9之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該無線信號包括用於由該至少一控制器進行的對該外部器件之該鑑認之一滾動碼。
  11. 如請求項1之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其進一步包含一電力介面，其耦接至該至少一控制器且經組態以耦接至該攜帶型電能儲存器件及該電能儲存器件鎖定機構，以將電力提供至該電能儲存器件鎖定機構。
  12. 如請求項11之攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，其中該電力介面經組態以耦接至不同於該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一輔助電源，以在該攜帶型電能儲存器件不能夠提供足夠電力以操作該電能儲存器件鎖定機構之情況下，將電力提供至該電能儲存器件鎖定機構。
  13. 一種操作一攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之方法，該方法包 含：由該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統接收關於一外部器件之鑑認之資訊；及由該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統，基於關於鑑認之該資訊作出關於解鎖一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將一攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至一車輛移除之一判定。
  14. 如請求項13之方法，其中該接收該資訊包括經由自一攜帶型電能儲存器件收集、充電及分配機器傳輸之一無線信號接收關於鑑認之該資訊，且其中在距該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之一通信模組達一指定最大範圍外，無法偵測到自該收集、充電及分配機器接收之該無線信號。
  15. 如請求項13之方法，其進一步包含：在該外部器件係基於關於鑑認之該資訊而鑑認之情況下，以解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式，發送來自該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之一控制器的一信號；及在於一所定義之時間週期之後不再可繼續經由該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一通信模組接收到關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊的情況下，以鎖定該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便防止將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一方式，發送來自該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之該控制器的一信號。
  16. 如請求項13之方法，其中該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統整合為該攜帶型電能儲存器件之部分。
  17. 如請求項13之方法，其中該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統耦接至該車輛。
  18. 如請求項13之方法，其中該作出該判定包括：比較來自關於鑑認的該所接收之資訊之一碼與相關聯於該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統之一或多個碼，且進一步包含：在來自關於鑑認的該所接收之資訊之該碼匹配與該攜帶型電能儲存器件相關聯之該一或多個碼中的一者的情況下，解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除；及在於一所定義之時間週期之後不再可經由該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一通信模組接收到關於該外部器件之鑑認之該資訊的情況下，或在於一所定義之時間週期之後來自該所接收之資訊之一碼可能不再匹配當前與該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統相關聯之一或多個碼中的至少一者或一者的情況下，鎖定該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以便防止將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除。
  19. 如請求項13之方法，其進一步包含：產生一挑戰密鑰以發送至該外部器件；將該挑戰密鑰發送至該外部器件；自該外部器件接收對該挑戰密鑰之該發送的一回應，該回應包括一回應碼，作為關於鑑認之該資訊的部分；使用一秘密密鑰及該回應碼作為輸入，自一秘密演算法 產生一輸出，該秘密演算法及該秘密密鑰經組態以僅為該攜帶型電能儲存器件保全系統及一或多個經授權之外部器件已知；及比較來自該秘密演算法之該輸出與該回應碼，且其中作出關於解鎖該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構之該判定係至少基於該比較。
  20. 一種攜帶型電能儲存器件，其包含：一電池組電池；及一保全系統，其可操作地耦接至該電池，該保全系統經組態以允許基於關於一外部器件之鑑認的無線接收之資訊而將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至一車輛移除。
  21. 如請求項20之攜帶型電能儲存器件，其中該保全系統包含：至少一控制器；及至少一通信模組，其耦接至該至少一控制器，其中該至少一控制器經組態以：經由該通信模組接收關於一外部器件之鑑認之資訊；及基於關於鑑認之該資訊，作出關於解鎖一攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構以允許將該攜帶型電能儲存器件自可操作地連接至該車輛移除之一判定。
  22. 如請求項21之攜帶型電能儲存器件，其中該保全系統進一步包含：該攜帶型電能儲存器件鎖定機構，其耦接至該至少一控制器；及一電力介面，其經組態以耦接至該至少一控制器，且耦 接至不同於該攜帶型電能儲存器件之一輔助電源，以在該攜帶型電能儲存器件不能夠提供足夠電力以操作該電能儲存器件鎖定機構之情況下，將電力提供至該電能儲存器件鎖定機構。
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