JP5792297B2 - 洗剤製品 - Google Patents
洗剤製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5792297B2 JP5792297B2 JP2013518729A JP2013518729A JP5792297B2 JP 5792297 B2 JP5792297 B2 JP 5792297B2 JP 2013518729 A JP2013518729 A JP 2013518729A JP 2013518729 A JP2013518729 A JP 2013518729A JP 5792297 B2 JP5792297 B2 JP 5792297B2
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- Prior art keywords
- filament
- filaments
- detergent product
- weight
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
本明細書で使用するとき、「フィラメント」は、長さがその直径を大きく上回る、すなわち、長さと直径との比が少なくとも約10である、細長い微粒子を意味する。
本発明のフィラメントは、1つ以上のフィラメント形成材料を含む。このフィラメント形成材料に加えて、フィラメントは、例えば、目的用途の条件に曝されたときにフィラメントから放出可能である1つ以上の活性剤を更に含んでもよく、ここで、フィラメント中に存在する1つ以上のフィラメント形成材料の合計濃度は、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、80重量%未満であり、フィラメント中に存在する1つ以上の活性剤の合計濃度は、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、20重量%超であるものが提供される。
フィラメント形成材料は、紡糸プロセスなどによってフィラメントを作製するのに好適な特性を呈するポリマーを製造することができるポリマー又はモノマーなど、任意の好適な材料である。
極性溶媒可溶性材料の非限定的な実施例としては極性溶媒可溶性ポリマーが挙げられる。極性溶媒可溶性ポリマーは合成であっても、又は天然由来であってもよく、かつ化学的に及び/又は物理的に修飾されてもよい。一実施例では、極性溶媒可溶性ポリマーは、少なくとも約10,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも約20,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも40,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも80,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも約100,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも1,000,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも3,000,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも10,000,000g/モル、及び/又は少なくとも20,000,000g/モル、及び/又は約40,000,000g/モルまでの、及び/又は約30,000,000g/モルまでの重量平均分子量を呈する。
非極性溶媒可溶性材料の非限定的な例には非極性溶媒可溶性ポリマーが挙げられる。好適な非極性溶媒可溶性材料の非限定的な実施例には、セルロース、キチン、キチン誘導体、ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル、これらのコポリマー、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。ポリオレフィンの非限定的な例としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。ポリエステルの非限定的な例には、ポリエチレンテレフタレートが挙げられる。
活性剤は、例えば、フィラメントの外部の環境に利益をもたらすなど、フィラメントそれ自体以外の何かに利益をもたらすように設計され、そのように意図される添加剤の部類である。活性剤は、フィラメントの意図された使用状況下で、意図された効果を作る任意の好適な添加剤であってもよい。例えば、活性剤は、パーソナルクレンジング及び/又はコンディショニング剤、例えばヘアケア剤、例えばシャンプー剤及び/又は毛髪染料剤、ヘアコンディショニング剤、スキンケア剤、日焼け止め剤、及び皮膚コンディショニング剤、ランドリーケア及び/又はコンディショニング剤、例えば布地ケア剤、布地コンディショニング剤、布地柔軟剤、布地防しわ剤、布地ケア帯電防止剤、布地ケア染み除去剤、汚れ剥離剤、分散剤、抑泡剤、起泡剤、消泡剤及び布地リフレッシュ剤;液体及び/又は粉末食器洗浄剤(手洗い用の食器洗浄及び/又は自動食器洗浄器用途)、硬質表面ケア剤及び/又はコンディショニング剤、及び/又は研磨剤、他の洗浄及び/又はコンディショニング剤、例えば抗菌剤、香料、漂白剤(例えば酸素漂白剤、過酸化水素、過炭酸塩漂白剤、過ホウ酸塩漂白剤、塩素漂白剤)、漂白活性剤、キレート剤、ビルダー、ローション、増白剤、空気ケア剤、カーペットケア剤、移染防止剤、軟水化剤、硬水化剤、pH調整剤、酵素、凝集剤、発泡剤、防腐剤、化粧剤、化粧除去剤、気泡剤、付着助剤、コアセルベート形成材、粘土、増粘剤、ラテックス、シリカ、乾燥剤、臭気防止剤、制汗剤、冷却剤、加温剤、吸収ゲル剤、消炎剤、染料、顔料、酸及び塩基;液体トリートメント活性剤;農業用活性剤、産業活性剤、摂取可能な活性剤、例えば薬剤、歯ホワイトニング剤、歯ケア剤、マウスウォッシュ剤、歯周歯茎ケア剤、可食剤、食用剤、ビタミン、ミネラル、水処理剤、例えば水浄化及び/又は水消毒剤、並びにこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されてもよい。
好適な界面活性剤の非限定的な実施例としては、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、双極性イオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。共界面活性剤もフィラメントに含まれてもよい。例えば、洗濯洗浄剤及び/又は食器洗浄剤としての使用に設計されているフィラメントに関して、界面活性剤の合計濃度は、染み及び/又は匂い除去を含む洗浄を提供するのに十分であるべきであり、一般的に約0.5%〜約95%の範囲である。更に、洗濯洗浄剤及び/又は食器洗浄剤用のフィラメントへの使用のため設計されている2つ又はそれ以上の界面活性剤を含む界面活性剤系は、全アニオン性界面活性剤系、アニオン性と非イオン性界面活性剤の混合物を含む混合物系界面活性剤系、又は非イオン性−カチオン性界面活性剤の混合物又は低起泡性非イオン性界面活性剤を含んでもよい。
好適なアニオン性界面活性剤の非限定的な実施例には、アルキルサルフェート、アルキルエーテルサルフェート、分枝状アルキルサルフェート、分枝状アルキルアルコキシレート、分枝状アルコキシレートサルフェート、中鎖分枝状アルキルアリルスルホネート、硫酸化モノグリセリド、スルホン化オレフィン、アルキルアリルスルホネート、第1級又は第2級アルカンスルホネート、アルキルスルホスクシネート、アシルタウレート、アシルイセチオネート、アルキルグリセリルエーテルスルホン酸塩、スルホン化メチルエステル、スルホン化脂肪酸、アルキルホスフェート、アシルグルタメート、アクリルサルコシネート、アルキルスルホアセテート、アシル化ペプチド、アルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、アシルラクチレート、アニオン性フルオロ界面活性剤、ラウロイルグルタミン酸ナトリウム、及びこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
好適なカチオン性界面活性剤の非限定的な例としては、式(I)を有するものが挙げられるが、これに限定されない:
好適な非イオン性界面活性剤の非限定的な例としては、アルコキシル化アルコール(AE)及びアルキルフェノール、ポリヒドロキシ脂肪酸アミド(PFAA)、アルキルポリグリコシド(APG)、C10〜C18グリセロールエーテル等が挙げられる。
双極性イオン若しくは両性界面活性剤の非限定的な例には、二級及び三級アミンの誘導体、複素環式二級及び三級アミンの誘導体、又は四級アンモニウム化合物、四級ホスホニウム化合物若しくは三級スルホニウム化合物の誘導体が挙げられる。双極性界面活性剤の例である、アルキルジメチルベタイン及びココジメチルアミドプロピルベタイン、C8〜C18(例えば、C12〜C18)アミンオキシド、並びに、例えば、アルキル基がC8〜C18、及び特定の実施形態ではC10〜C14であることができるN−アルキル−N,N−ジメチルアミノ−1−プロパンスルホネートのようなスルホ及びヒドロキシベタインを包含するベタインについては、米国特許第3,929,678号の19欄38行〜22欄48行を参照のこと。
両性界面活性剤の非限定的な例としては、二級若しくは三級アミンの脂肪族誘導体、又は脂肪族ラジカルが直鎖又は分枝鎖であることができる、複素環式二級及び三級アミンの脂肪族誘導体、並びにこれらの混合物が挙げられる。脂肪族置換基の1つは、少なくとも約8個の炭素原子、例えば約8〜約18個の炭素原子を含有してもよく、少なくとも1つが、アニオン水溶性化基、例えば、カルボキシ基、スルホネート基、サルフェート基を含有する。両性界面活性剤の好適な例については、米国特許第3,929,678号、19欄18〜35行を参照のこと。
上記の界面活性剤に加えて、フィラメントはまた共界面活性剤を含有してもよい。洗濯洗剤及び/又は食器洗浄用洗剤の場合、様々な汚れ及び染みにわたって、及び様々な使用条件下において幅広いスケールの洗浄能力を得るために、それらは典型的に界面活性剤のタイプの混合物を含有する。広範囲のこれらの共界面活性剤が、本発明のフィラメントに使用することができる。アニオン性、非イオン性、両性及び双極性イオン性の部類、並びにこれらの共界面活性剤の種の一般的な列挙が、本明細書において上記に提供され、また米国特許第3,664,961号に見出すことができる。換言すれば、本明細書の界面活性剤系はまた、非イオン性、カチオン性、アニオン性、双極性イオン性、及びこれらの混合物から選択される1つ以上の共界面活性剤を含んでもよい。共界面活性剤の選択は、所望の利益により決められてよい。界面活性剤系は、約0重量%〜約10重量%、約0.1重量%〜約5重量%、又は約1重量%〜約4重量%の他の共界面活性剤の組成物を含む。
本発明のアニオン性界面活性剤及び/又はアニオン性共界面活性剤は、酸形態で存在する場合があり、これは中和されて界面活性剤塩を形成し得る。一実施例では、フィラメントは界面活性剤塩の形態を含み得る。典型的な中和剤には、水酸化物(例えばNaOH又はKOH)などの金属対イオン塩基が挙げられる。それらの酸の形態でアニオン性界面活性剤及びアニオン性共界面活性剤を中和する他の剤にはアンモニア、アミン、アルカノールアミンが挙げられる。一実施例では、中和剤は、アルカノールアミン、例えばモノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、及び当該技術分野において既知の直鎖又は分枝鎖アルカノールアミン、2−アミノ−1−プロパノール、1−アミノプロパノール、モノイソプロパノールアミン、又は1−アミノ−3−プロパノールからなる群から選択されるアルカノールアミンを含む。アミンの中和は全体的に又は部分的な範囲でされてもよく、例えば、アニオン性界面活性剤混合物の一部はナトリウム若しくはカリウムで中和されてもよく、アニオン性界面活性剤混合物の一部はアミン若しくはアルカノールアミンで中和されてもよい。
1つ以上の香料及び/又は香料の原材料、例えば調和剤及び/又はノートが本発明の1つ以上のフィラメントに組み込まれてもよい。香料は、アルデヒド香料成分、ケトン香料成分、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される香料成分を含んでもよい。
特定の香料送達系、特定の香料送達系を製造する方法、及びこのような香料送達系の使用は、米国特許出願第2007/0275866(A1)号に開示されている。香料送達系の非限定的な例には以下のものが挙げられる:
I.ポリマー支援型送達(PAD):この香料送達技術は、香料物質を送達するうえでポリマー性材料を用いるものである。古典的なコアセルベーション、水溶性又は部分水溶性〜非水溶性の荷電又は中性ポリマー、液晶、ホットメルト、ヒドロゲル、香料付与プラスチック、マイクロカプセル、ナノ−、及びマイクロラテックス、ポリマー性フィルム形成剤、ポリマー性吸収剤、ポリマー性吸着剤などが一部の例である。PADにはこれらに限定されるものではないが、以下のものが挙げられる。
本発明のフィラメントは、1種以上の漂白剤を含んでもよい。好適な漂白剤の非限定的な例には、ペルオキシ酸、過ホウ酸塩、過炭酸塩、クロリン漂白剤、酸素漂白剤、次亜ハロゲン酸漂白剤、漂白剤前駆体、漂白活性剤、漂白触媒、過酸化水素、漂白促進剤、光漂白剤、漂白性酵素、フリーラジカル開始剤、過酸素漂白剤、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
当該技術分野において既知の任意の光学的な増白剤又は他の増白剤を、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.01重量%〜約1.2重量%の濃度で本発明のフィラメントに組み込んでもよい。本発明に有用であり得る市販の光学的な増白剤は下位に分類することができ、これはスチルベン、ピラゾリン、クマリン、カルボン酸、メチンシアニン、ジベンゾチオフェン−5,5−ジオキシド、アゾール、5−及び6−員−環の複素環、及び他の様々な剤の誘導体を含むが、必ずしもこれに限定されない。このような増白剤の実施例は「The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents」(M.Zahradnik,John Wiley & Sons出版、New York(1982))に開示されている。本発明の組成物に有用である光学的な増白剤の具体的な非限定的な実施例は、米国特許第4,790,856号及び同第3,646,015号に特定されているものである。
本発明のフィラメントは布地色相剤を含んでもよい。好適な色相剤の非限定的な例には、小分子染料及びポリマー染料が挙げられる。適切な小分子染料としては、色指数分類(Colour Index(C.I.))において、ダイレクト・ブルー、ダイレクト・レッド、ダイレクト・バイオレット、アシッド・ブルー、アシッド・レッド、アシッド・バイオレット、ベーシック・ブルー、ベーシック・バイオレット及びベーシック・レッド、又はそれらの混合物に適合する染料からなる群から選ばれる小分子染料が挙げられる。別の実施例では、適切なポリマー染料としては、Liquitint(登録商標)(Milliken、Spartanburg,South Carolina,USA)の名称で市販されている布帛直接着色剤、並びに少なくとも1つの反応染料と、ヒドロキシル部分、1級アミン部分、2級アミン部分、チオール部分、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される部分を含むポリマーからなる群から選択されるポリマーとから形成される染料−ポリマー共役体からなる群から選択されるポリマー染料が挙げられる。更に別の態様では、適切なポリマー染料としては、Liquitint(登録商標)(Milliken,Spartanburg,South Carolina,USA)バイオレットCT、及びリアクティブブルー、リアクティブバイオレット、又はリアクティブレッド染料で共役されているカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)(例えば、Megazyme(Wicklow,Ireland)からAZO−CM−CELLULOSEという商品名(製品コードS−ACMC)で市販されているC.I.リアクティブブルー19で共役されているCMCなど)、アルコキシル化トリフェニルメタンポリマー着色料、アルコキシル化チオフェンポリマー着色料、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されるポリマー染料が挙げられる。
a)[(CH2CR’HO)x(CH2CR”HO)yH]
式中、R’は、H、CH3、CH2O(CH2CH2O)zH、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、R”はH、CH2O(CH2CH2O)zH、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、x+y≦5であり、式中、y≧1であり、式中、z=0〜5であり、
b)R1=アルキル、アリール又はアリールアルキル、かつR2=[(CH2CR’HO)x(CH2CR”HO)yH]
式中、R’はH、CH3、CH2O(CH2CH2O)zH、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、R”はH、CH2O(CH2CH2O)zH、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、x+y≦10であり、y≧1であり、z=0〜5であり、
c)R1=[CH2CH2(OR3)CH2OR4]、及びR2=[CH2CH2(OR3)CH2OR4]
式中、R3はH、(CH2CH2O)zH、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、z=0〜10であり、
R4は(C1〜C16)アルキル、アリール基、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
d)R1及びR2はスチレンオキシド、グリシジルメチルエーテル、イソブチルグリシジルエーテル、イソプロピルグリシジルエーテル、t−ブチルグリシジルエーテル、2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル及びグリシジルヘキサデシルエーテルのアミノ付加生成物、から独立して選択することができ、更に、1〜10個のアルキレンオキシド単位を付加するもの、から独立して選択することができる。
本発明のフィラメントは、染料が1つの布地から他へと、洗浄プロセス中に移動するのを防止する1つ以上の移染防止剤を含んでもよい。一般に、このような移染防止剤としては、ポリビニルピロリドンポリマー、ポリアミンN−オキシドポリマー、N−ビニルピロリドン及びN−ビニルイミダゾールのコポリマー、マンガンフタロシアニン、ペルオキシダーゼ、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。使用される場合には、これらの剤は、典型的には、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.01重量%〜約10重量%、及び/又は約0.01重量%〜約5重量%、及び/又は約0.05重量%〜約2重量%を占める。
本発明のフィラメントは、1つ以上のキレート剤、例えば1つ以上の鉄及び/又はマンガン、及び/又は他の金属イオンキレート剤を含有してもよい。このようなキレート剤は、アミノカルボキシレート、アミノホスホネート、多官能置換された芳香族キレート剤、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択することができる。使用される場合には、これらのキレート剤は一般に、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.1重量%〜約15重量%、及び/又は約0.1重量%〜約10重量%、及び/又は約0.1重量%〜約5重量%、及び/又は約0.1重量%〜約3重量%を占める。
泡の形成を低減又は抑制するための化合物は、本発明のフィラメント中に組み込まれてもよい。泡抑制は、米国特許第4,489,455号及び同第4,489,574号に記載されているようないわゆる「高濃度洗浄プロセス」において、並びにフロント・ローディング方式の洗濯機において、特に重要なものとなり得る。
高い泡立ちが望まれる場合、泡促進剤、例えばC10〜C16アルカノールアミドを、典型的には、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、0重量%〜約10重量%、及び/又は約1重量%〜約10重量%の濃度でフィラメント中に組み込んでもよい。C10〜C14モノエタノール及びジエタノールアミドは、このような泡促進剤の典型的な部類を示す。上述のアミンオキシド、ベタイン及びスルタインのような高起泡補助界面活性剤を含む泡促進剤を使用することも有益である。所望される場合には、水溶性マグネシウム及び/又はカルシウム塩、例えばMgCl2、MgSO4、CaCl2、CaSO4及びこれらに類するものを、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.1重量%〜約2重量%の濃度でフィラメントに添加して、更なる泡立ちをもたらしてもよい。
1つ以上の柔軟剤がフィラメント中に存在してもよい。好適な柔軟剤の非限定的な例には、エステル第4級アンモニウム化合物、シリコーン(例えばポリシロキサン)、粘土(例えばスメクタイト粘土)、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明のフィラメントは、1つ以上のコンディショニング剤、例えば高融点脂肪族化合物を含んでもよい。高融点脂肪族化合物は、約25℃以上の融点を有し、脂肪族アルコール、脂肪酸、脂肪族アルコール誘導体、脂肪酸誘導体、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されてもよい。低融点(25℃未満)を呈するこのような脂肪族化合物は、コンディショニング剤として含有させることを意図されていない。高融点脂肪族化合物の非限定的な例は、「International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary」(Fifth Edition,1993)及び「CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook」(Second Edition,1992)に見出される。
本発明のフィラメントは、1つ以上の湿潤剤を含有してもよい。本明細書における保湿剤は、多価アルコール、水溶性アルコキシル化非イオンポリマー、及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択される。使用するとき、保湿剤は、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.1重量%〜約20重量%、及び/又は約0.5重量%〜約5重量%の濃度で本発明のフィラメント中に存在してもよい。
本発明のフィラメントは、非水溶性物質を組成物中に分散させた形態で懸濁するために、又は組成物の粘度を変性するために有効な濃度で、懸濁剤を更に含んでもよい。このような懸濁剤の濃度は、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.1重量%〜約10重量%、及び/又は約0.3重量%〜約5.0重量%の範囲である。
1つ以上の酵素が本発明のフィラメント中に存在してもよい。好適な酵素の非限定的な例としては、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼ、リパーゼ、セルラーゼ、マンナーゼ及びエンドグルカナーゼを含むカルボヒドラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、キシラナーゼ、ホスホリパーゼ、エステラーゼ、クチナーゼ、ケラタナーゼ、オキシダーゼ、フェノールオキシダーゼ、リポキシゲナーゼ、リグニナーゼ、プルラナーゼ、タンナーゼ、ペントサナーゼ(penosanase)、マラナーゼ、グルカナーゼ、アラビノシダーゼ、ヒアルロニダーゼ、コンドロイチナーゼ(chrondroitinases)、ラッカーゼ、及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
酵素が本発明のフィラメント及び/又は繊維内に存在するとき、酵素安定剤系もまた、フィラメント中に含まれてもよい。酵素は様々な技法によって安定化させることができる。酵素安定化技法の非限定的な例は、米国特許第3,600,319号及び同第3,519,570号、欧州特許第199,405号、同第200,586号、及び国際公開第9401532(A)号に開示され、例示されている。
本発明のフィラメントは、1種以上のビルダーを含んでもよい。好適なビルダーの非限定的な例には、ゼオライトビルダー、アルミノケイ酸塩ビルダー、シリケートビルダー、ホスフェートビルダー、クエン酸、クエン酸塩、ニトリロ三酢酸、ニトリロトリアセテート、ポリアクリレート、アクリレート/マレエートコポリマー、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明のフィラメントは、粘土汚れ除去及び再付着防止特性を有する水溶性エトキシル化アミンを含有してもよい。このような水溶性エトキシル化アミンは、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.01重量%〜約10.0重量%、及び/又は約0.01重量%〜約7重量%、及び/又は0.1重量%〜約5重量%の濃度の1つ以上の水溶性エトキシル化アミンとして、本発明のフィラメント中に存在してもよい。好適な粘土汚れ除去及び再付着防止の非限定的な例は、米国特許第4,597,898号、同第548,744号、同第4,891,160号、欧州特許出願第111,965号、同第111,984号、同第112,592号、及び国際公開第95/32272号に記載されている。
本発明のフィラメントは、ポリマー汚れ剥離剤(以下「SRA」)を含有してもよい。採用される場合には、SRAは一般的に乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.01重量%〜約10.0重量%、及び/又は約0.1重量%〜約5重量%、及び/又は約0.2重量%〜約3.0重量%を構成する。
ポリマー分散剤は、有利なことに、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、特にゼオライト及び/又は層状のケイ酸ビルダーの存在下で、約0.1重量%〜約7重量%、及び/又は約0.1重量%〜約5重量%、及び/又は0.5重量%〜約4重量%の濃度で、本発明のフィラメントに使用することができる。好適なポリマー分散剤は、ポリマーポリカルボン酸塩及びポリエチレングリコールを含んでもよいが、当該技術分野において既知の他のものもまた使用することができる。例えば、多種多様の修飾された若しくは非修飾のポリアクリレート、ポリアクリレート/メタクリレート(mealeates)、又はポリアクリレート/メタクリレートが高度に有用である。理論に束縛されることを意図していないが、ポリマー分散剤は、他のビルダー(低分子量ポリカルボン酸を含む)と組み合わせて使用されたときに、結晶成長防止、粒子状の汚れ放出解膠、及び再付着防止によって、全体の洗剤ビルダーの性能を促進する。ポリマー分散剤の非限定的な例は、米国特許第3,308,067号、欧州特許出願第66915号、欧州特許第193,360号、及び同第193,360号に見出される。
アルコキシル化ポリアミンは、汚れ懸濁、油脂洗浄、及び/又は粒子洗浄のために本発明のフィラメント中に含まれてもよい。このようなアルコキシル化ポリアミンは、エトキシル化ポリエチレンイミン、エトキシル化ヘキサメチレンジアミン、及びその硫酸化バージョンが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。ポリアミンのポリプロポキシル化誘導体も、本発明のフィラメントに含まれてもよい。多種多様なアミン及びポリアルキレンイミン(polyaklyeneimine)は様々な度合いまでアルコキシル化されてもよく、任意に更に修飾されて上記の利点をもたらすことができる。有用な実施例は、600g/モルポリエチレンイミンの、NH当たり20 EO基までコアエトキシル化されており、BASFより入手可能である。
ポリアクリレートから調製されたものなどアルコキシル化ポリカルボン酸塩は、更なる油脂除去性能を提供するために、本発明のフィラメント中に含まれてもよい。このような材料は国際公開第91/08281号及びPCT 90/01815号に記載されている。化学的に、これらの材料は、7〜8のアクリレート単位ごとに1つのエトキシ側鎖を有するポリアクリレートを含む。側鎖は式−(CH2CH2O)m(CH2)nCH3であり、mは2〜3であり、nは6〜12である。側鎖はポリアクリレート「主鎖」にエステル結合され、「櫛形」ポリマータイプの構造を提供する。分子量は通常は約2000〜約50,000の範囲内で変動し得る。このようなアルコキシル化ポリカルボキシレートは、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、約0.05重量%〜約10重量%を構成し得る。
本発明のフィラメントは1つ以上の両親媒性グラフトコポリマーを含み得る。好適な両親媒性グラフトコポリマーの例は、(i)ポリエチレングリコール主鎖、及び(ii)ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルアルコール、及びこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1つのペンダント部分を含む。市販されているグラフトコポリマーはBASFから供給されているSokalan HP22である。
場合により形成し得る不溶性若しくは可溶性の劣る界面活性剤の形成を軽減させるために、40%を超える界面活性剤活性剤をフィラメントが含有する場合、又は界面活性剤を冷水中で使用する場合、本発明のフィラメントには、溶解を促進するために溶解助剤を組み込んでもよい。溶解助剤の非限定的な例には、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、硫酸カリウム、塩化マグネシウム、及び硫酸マグネシウムが挙げられる。
本発明のフィラメントは、水性洗浄操作(例えば服若しくは食器の洗浄)における使用中に、洗浄水は約5.0から約12の間、及び/又は約7.0から10.5の間のpHを有するように、配合されてもよい。食器洗浄の操作の場合では、洗浄水は典型的に約6.8から約9.0の間である。衣類の洗浄の場合では、洗浄水のpHは典型的に7から11の間である。推奨される使用量でのpHを制御する技術には、緩衝剤、アルカリ、酸などの使用を含み、当業者には周知である。これらは、炭酸ナトリウム、クエン酸、若しくはクエン酸ナトリウム、モノエタノールアミン若しくは他のアミン、ホウ酸若しくはホウ酸塩、並びに当該技術分野において既知の他のpH調整化合物の使用を含む。
1つ以上の活性剤は、フィラメントが誘因条件に曝されたときにフィラメントから放出され得る。一実施例では、1つ以上の活性剤は、フィラメント又はフィラメントの一部がその自己同一性、すなわちその物理的構造を失ったときに、フィラメントから、又はフィラメントの一部から放出され得る。例えば、フィラメント形成材料が溶解した、溶融した、又はフィラメント構造が失われるような変形工程を経たときに、フィラメントはその物理的構造を失う。一実施例では、1つ以上の活性剤は、フィラメントの形態が変化した際に、フィラメントから放出される。
本発明のフィラメントはフィラメント形成組成物から作製される。フィラメント形成組成物は極性溶媒系組成物である。一実施例では、フィラメント形成組成物は、1つ以上のフィラメント形成材料及び1つ以上の活性剤を含む水溶性組成物である。
ηは、ダイの条件での流体粘度(長さ当たりの質量の単位*時間)であり、
σは流体の表面張力(時間2当たりの質量の単位)である。速度、粘度及び表面張力が一連の一貫した単位で表されるとき、結果として得られる毛管数はそれ自身の単位を持たず、個々の単位は相殺される。
面積=ダイ出口の断面積(長さ2の単位)である。
ηは、ダイの条件での流体粘度(長さ当たりの質量の単位*時間)であり、
σは流体の表面張力(時間2当たりの質量の単位)である。速度、粘度及び表面張力が一連の一貫した単位で表されるとき、結果として得られる毛管数はそれ自身の単位を持たず、個々の単位は相殺される。
面積=ダイ出口の断面積(長さ2の単位)である。
一実施例では、フィラメントは伸張助剤を含む。伸長助剤の非限定的な例には、ポリマー、他の伸長助剤、及びこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明のフィラメントは、あらゆる好適なプロセスによって作製することができる。フィラメントを作製するための好適なプロセスの非限定的な例は以下に記載される。
a.1つ以上のフィラメント形成材料と、1つ以上の活性剤と、を含むフィラメント形成組成物を提供する工程と、
b.フィラメント形成組成物を、1つ以上のフィラメント形成材料と、目的用途の条件に曝されたときにフィラメントから放出可能である1つ以上の活性剤と、を含む1つ以上のフィラメントに紡糸する工程と、を含み、ここで、フィラメント中に存在する1つ以上のフィラメント形成材料の合計濃度は、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、65重量%未満及び/又は50重量%以下であり、フィラメント中に存在する1つ以上の活性剤の合計濃度は、乾燥フィラメント基準及び/又は乾燥洗剤製品基準の重量により、35重量%超及び/又は50重量%以上である。
本発明の1つ以上の活性剤を含む洗剤製品は、1つ以上の活性剤を含む既知の洗剤製品と比較して、新規特性、特徴及び/又はこれらの組み合わせを呈する。このことは、下記の表IIに記載のデータにより示される。
本発明の一実施例では、洗剤製品は、ウェブ、例えば、不織布ウェブ、を含んでもよい。本発明の1つ以上の、及び/又は複数のフィラメントは、当該技術分野において既知の任意の好適なプロセスによって不織布を形成してもよい。フィラメント及び/又は不織布の目的用途の状態に曝されたときに本発明のフィラメントから活性剤を送達するために不織布ウェブが使用されてもよい。
自動食器洗浄物品は、1つ以上の本発明のフィラメント及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布ウェブ、及び/又はフィルム、及び界面活性剤活性剤系、並びに、任意に当該技術分野において既知の1つ以上の任意の成分(例えば、自動食器洗浄機での食器の洗浄に有用である)を含む。これらの任意成分の例としては、スケール防止剤、漂白剤、香料、染料、抗菌剤、酵素(例えば、プロテアーゼ、アミラーゼ)、洗浄ポリマー(例えば、アルコキシル化ポリエチレンイミンポリマー)、再付着防止ポリマー、ヒドロトロープ、抑泡剤、カルボン酸、増粘剤、防腐剤、消毒剤、ガラス及び金属ケア剤、自動食器洗浄器用洗浄液が全体的に3〜14の(あるいは8〜11)のpHを有するようなpH緩衝手段、又はこれらの混合物が挙げられる。自動食器洗浄活性剤の実施例は、米国特許第5,679,630号、同第5,703,034号、同第5,703,034号、同第5,705,464号、同第5,962,386号、同第5,968,881号、同第6,017,871号、同第6,020,294号に記載されている。
食器手洗い用物品は、本発明の1つ以上のフィラメント、及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布ウェブ、及び/又はフィルム、及び界面活性剤系、並びに任意に、洗浄及び手のケアの当該技術分野において既知の1つ以上の任意の成分(例えば手で食器を洗う際に有用である)を含む。これらの任意の成分の例としては、香料、染料、真珠光沢剤、抗菌剤、酵素(例えば、プロテアーゼ)、洗浄ポリマー(例えば、アルコキシル化ポリエチレンイミンポリマー)、カチオンポリマー、ヒドロトロープ、保湿剤、皮膚軟化剤、手ケア剤、ポリマー泡安定剤、漂白剤、ジアミン、カルボン酸、増粘剤、防腐剤、消毒剤、食器洗浄液が全体的に3〜14の(好ましくは8〜11)のpHを有するようなpH緩衝手段、又はこれらの混合物が挙げられる。手洗い用食器洗浄物品の実施例は、米国特許第5,990,065号、及び6,060,122号に記載されている。
硬質表面洗浄物品は、本発明の1つ以上のフィラメント、及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布ウェブ、及び/又はフィルム、及び任意に、当該技術分野において既知の1つ以上の任意の成分(例えば硬質表面の洗浄に有用である)、例えば酸性成分、例えば、石炭のかすの良好な除去性能を提供する酸性成分(例えば、ギ酸、クエン酸、ソルビン酸、酢酸、ホウ酸、マレイン酸、アジピン酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸、マロン酸、グリコール酸、又はこれらの混合物)を提供する酸性成分を含む。硬質表面の酸性洗浄物品に含まれ得る成分の例には、米国特許第7,696,143号に記載のものが挙げられる。あるいは、硬質表面物品は、アルカリ性成分(例えば、アルカノールアミン(alkanolmine)、炭酸塩、重炭酸塩化合物、又はこれらの混合物)を含む。硬質表面のアルカリ性洗浄物品に含まれ得る成分の例には、米国特許出願第2010/0206328(A1)号のものが挙げられる。硬質表面を洗浄する方法は、硬質表面を洗浄する方法において、硬質表面洗浄物品を使用すること、又は投与することを含む。一実施形態では、本方法は、硬質表面洗浄物品をバケツ又は同様の容器に投与することと、任意に、物品をバケツに投与する前若しくは後にバケツに水を加えることと、を含む。他の実施形態では、本方法は、硬質表面洗浄物品を便器に投与することと、任意に、便器に含有された水に物品を溶解した後に、便器の表面を磨くことと、を含む。
本発明の1つ以上のフィラメント、及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布、及び/又はフィルムを含む便器洗浄用具のための便器洗浄ヘッドが提供される。トイレ便器洗浄ヘッドは使い捨てであってもよい。便器洗浄ヘッドは、取り外し可能にハンドルに取り付けられてもよく、そのためユーザーの手はこのハンドルによって便器から離れたままである。一実施例では、便器洗浄ヘッドは、水分散性シェルを含有してもよい。同様に、水分散性シェルは、本発明の1つ以上のフィラメント、及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布ウェブ、及び/又はフィルムを含んでもよい。この水分散性シェルはコア部を包んでもよい。このコア部は、少なくとも1つの顆粒状材料を含んでもよい。コア部の顆粒状材料は、界面活性剤、有機酸、香料、消毒剤、漂白剤、洗剤、酵素、微粒子、又はこれらの混合物を含み得る。任意に、コア部はセルロースを有さなくてもよく、かつ本発明の1つ以上のフィラメント、及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布ウェブ、及び/又はフィルムを含んでもよい。好適な便器洗浄ヘッドは、本発明の譲受人に譲渡された米国特許出願シリアル番号第12/901,804号(P&G Case 11892)に従って作製され得る。デンプン材料を含有する好適な便器洗浄ヘッドは、本発明の譲受人に譲渡された米国特許出願シリアル番号第13/073,308号(P&G Case 12048)、同第13/073,274号(P&G Case 12049)、及び/又は同第13/07,3346号(P&G Case 12054)に従って作製され得る。本発明の洗便器洗浄ヘッドを便器表面と接触させる工程を含む、便器表面の洗浄方法が提供される。
本発明による1つ以上の布地ケア活性剤を含む不織布ウェブ又はフィルムは、布地物品を処理する方法で利用されてもよい。布地物品を処理する方法は、(a)布地物品を洗浄する前に、布地物品を前処理する工程と、(b)不織布ウェブ若しくはフィルムを水と接触さえることによって形成された洗浄液と、布地物品を接触させる工程と、(c)乾燥機布地物品を、乾燥機内で不織布ウェブ若しくはフィルムと接触させる工程と、(d)不織布ウェブ若しくはフィルムの存在下で布地物品を乾燥機内で乾燥させる工程と、(e)これらの組み合わせ、からなる群から選択される1つ以上の工程を含んでもよい。
a.フィラメント形成材料、例えば極性溶媒可溶性フィラメント形成材料を含む、複数のフィラメントを含む不織布ウェブを提供する工程と、
b.不織布ウェブをフィルムに変換する工程と、を含む。
本発明によるフィラメントの非限定的な実施例は、小型装置26を使用することによって製造され、その略図は図5及び6に示されている。バッチ操作に適した加圧されたタンク28は、フィラメント形成組成物30(例えば布地ケア組成物及び/又は食器洗浄用組成物として有用なフィラメントを作るの好適であるフィラメント形成組成物)で充填される。
* 算出値
* 計算値
他の指示がない限り、定義の欄で記載されたものを包含する本明細書に記載された全ての試験並びに次の試験方法は、試験前の2時間にわたって、約23℃±2.2℃(73°F±4°F)及び相対湿度50%±10%に調節された部屋で調整された試料に対して行われる。本明細書に記載されたように調整された試料は、本発明の目的上、乾燥試料(例えば「乾燥フィラメント」)であると見なされる。更に、全ての試験はこうした調節された部屋の中で行われる。
フィラメント、及び/又は繊維、及び/又は不織布ウェブ内に存在する水(水分)含有量は、以下の含水量試験方法を使用して測定される。
装置及び材料:
600mLビーカー
電磁撹拌器(Labline Model No.1250又は同等物)
磁気撹拌棒(5cm)
温度計(1〜100℃+/−1℃)
型板ステンレス鋼製(3.8cm×3.2cm)
タイマー(0〜300秒、四捨五入した秒数程度の正確性)
3.8cm×3.2cmの開口部を有する35mmのスライド台(Polaroid(登録商標) Corporationより入手可能)
35mmのスライド台ホルダー
以下の特性を有するCincinnati市の水道水又はそれと同様のもの、CaCO3として総硬度=155mg/L;カルシウム含有量=33.2mg/L;マグネシウム含有量=17.5mg/L、リン酸塩含有量=0.0462
1.開口面積の寸法24×36mm(すなわち3.8cm×3.2cmの試料)を備える35mmのスライド台内に試料が確実にフィットするように、テンプレートを使用して、試験すべき(「試料」)フィルム又は不織布ウェブから試料を3つ切り出す。フィルム又は不織布ウェブの横方向に沿って、均一に離間したフィルム又は不織布ウェブの領域から試料を切り出す。
2.3つの試料のそれぞれを別個の35mmスライド台に固定する。
3.磁気撹拌棒を600mLのビーカー内に定置する。
4.500mL以上のCincinnati水道用水を入手し、温度計で水温を測定し、必要な場合は、水の温度を、それが試験温度、すなわち5℃を維持するように調節する。水温度が5℃になった時点で、500mLの水を600mLのビーカーに充填する。
5.次いで、ビーカーを電磁攪拌器上に定置する。攪拌棒のスイッチを入れて、水の中で渦が発生し、かつ渦の底部が600mLビーカーの400mLのマークにくるまで、撹拌速度を調節する。
6.試料を固定した35mmのスライド台を、35mmのスライド台をビーカー内の水の中に下げるように設計されたホルダーに取り付ける(例えば、35mmのスライド台を、600mLビーカー内に存在する水の中に配置するように設計された35mmのスライド台ホルダーのワニ口クランプ)。35mmのスライド台の長い端が、600mLビーカー内に存在する水の表面と平行であるように、35mmスライド台の1つの長い端の中央で、35mmスライド台はワニ口クランプによって保持する。この設置により、フィルム又は不織布の表面は、水の流れと垂直に配置される。35mmのスライド台及びスライド台ホルダーの配置がわずかに修正された実施例が、米国特許第6,787,512号の図1〜3に示されている。
7.一回の動作で、35mmのスライド台ホルダー(これはビーカー内の水の中心上に35mmスライド台を配置する)を降下させ、35mmスライド台に固定されたフィルム若しくは不織布の露出した表面積全体に、水が接触するのに十分であるように、35mmのスライド台を水中に沈ませる。フィルム又は不織布の露出した表面積全体に水が接触したら即タイマーを開始させる。フィルム又は不織布が分断されると分解が生じる。見えるフィルム又は不織布の全てがスライド台から放出されたとき、35mmスライド台を水から引き揚げて、同時に溶解していないフィルム又は不織布の断片に関して水を観察し続ける。全てのフィルム又は不織布の断片がもはや水中に見えなくなった場合に、溶解が生じている。
8.各試料の3つの複製品について実施する。
9.試験された試料のg当たりの分解及び溶解時間の値(これは試料の秒/g(s/g)の単位である)を入手するために、それぞれの分解及び溶解時間は、試料の重量によって正規化される。3つの複製品の試験された試料のg当たりの平均分壊及び溶解時間が記録される。
不織布ウェブ又はフィルム内の別個のフィラメント、すなわち1つのフィラメントの直径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)又は光学顕微鏡、及び画像解析ソフトウェアを使用することによって決定される。フィラメントが測定のために適切に拡大されるように、200〜10,000倍の倍率が選択される。SEMを使用するときに、電子ビームにおけるフィラメントの帯電及び振動を避けるために、試料には金又はパラジウム化合物をスパッタする。SEM又は光学顕微鏡を用いて撮影した画像(モニタースクリーン上)からフィラメントの寸法を決定するための、手動の手順が使用される。マウス及びカーソルツールを使用して、無作為に選択されたフィラメントの縁部を探し、次いでフィラメントの反対の縁部までその幅を(すなわち、その点において、フィラメントに対して垂直に)測定する。目盛りのある、較正された画像解析ツールは、例えば、μmでの実際の読取値を得るための目盛りを提供する。不織布ウェブ又はフィルム内のフィラメントに関して、いくつかのフィラメントがSEM又は光学顕微鏡を使用して、不織布ウェブの試料の中から無作為に選択される。不織布ウェブ又はフィルム(若しくは製品内のウェブ)の少なくとも2つの部分が切り出され、この方法で試験される。統計学的分析のために、そのような測定を少なくとも合計100回行われ、次いで全てのデータが記録する。記録されたデータは、フィラメントの直径の平均値(平均)、フィラメント直径の標準偏差、及びフィラメント直径の中位径を算出するために使用される。
不織布ウェブ又はフィルムの厚さは、不織布ウェブ又はフィルムの試料の5つの試料、各切り出された試料が、VIR Electronic Thickness Tester Model II(Thwing−Albert Instrument Company(Philadelphia,PA)から入手可能)のロードフット搭載面よりも大きな寸法であるように切り出すことによって測定される。典型的に、ロードフット搭載面は約20.3cm2(3.14in2)の円形の表面積を有する。試料を水平な平面とロードフット搭載面との間に押し入れる。ロードフット搭載面は、15.5g/cm2までの封圧を試料に印加する。各試料のキャリパーは、平面とロードフット搭載面との間に結果として生じる隔たりである。キャリパーは5つの試料の平均キャリパーとして算出される。結果をミリメートル(mm)で記録する。
本発明のフィラメント形成組成物の剪断粘度は、毛管レオメーターである、Goettfert USA(Rock Hill SC,USA)で製造されたGoettfert Rheograph 6000を使用して、測定される。測定は、1.0mmの直径D及び30mmの長さL(すなわちL/D=30)を有するキャピラリーダイを用いて行われる。ダイをレオメーターの20mmバレルの下端部に取り付け、これを75℃のダイ試験温度にて保持する。ダイ試験温度に予め熱した、フィラメント形成組成物の60gサンプルをレオメーターのバレル部分に装填する。試料から全ての混入空気を取り除く。一連の選択された速度、1,000〜10,000秒−1で、バレルからキャピラリーダイを通して試料を押す。見かけ剪断粘度は、試料がバレルからキャピラリーダイを通って進む時に試料に生じる圧力低下及びキャピラリーダイを通る試料の流量から、レオメーターのソフトウェアを用いて計算することができる。log(見かけの剪断粘度)は、log(剪断速度)に対してプロットされ、このプロットはη=Kγn−1によって指数法則に適合させることができ、式中、Kは材料の粘性定数であり、nは材料の薄化係数であり、γは剪断速度である。本明細書のフィラメント形成組成物の報告される見かけ剪断粘度は、剪断速度3,000秒−1に対する補間により指数法則関係を用いて計算される。
繊維性構造体試料の坪量は、12の個々の繊維性構造体試料を選択し、それぞれ6つの個々の試料の積層体を2つ作製することにより測定される。個々の試料が互いに穿孔線で接続されている場合、個々の試料を積み重ねる際に穿孔線を同じ側にそろえる必要がある。精密カッターを使用して、各積層体を正確に88.9cm×88.9cm(3.5in×3.5in)の正方形に切り出す。2つの切り取った正方形の積層体を合わせて、12の正方形の厚さの坪量パッドを作製する。次に、最小感度限界が0.01gの上のせ式天秤で坪量パッドの重量を測定する。上のせ式天秤は、気流遮蔽壁を使用して気流及び他の障害から保護する必要がある。上のせ式天秤の読み取り値が一定になったら、重量を記録する。以下のように坪量を計算する。
材料(例えばポリマー)の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、混合したカラムベッド(bed column)を使用して、ゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC)によって決定される。以下の構成要素を有する高性能液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC):Millenium(登録商標)、Model 600Eポンプ、システムコントローラ及びコントローラーのソフトウェアバージョン3.2、Model 717 Plusオートサンプラー及びCHM−009246カラムヒーター(全てWaters Corporation(Milford,MA,USA)が使用される)。カラムは、600mmの長さ及び7.5mmの内径を有する、PLゲル20μm混合Aカラム(ゲル分子量は1,000g/モルから40,000,000g/モルの範囲)であり、ガードカラムはPL gel 20μm、長さ50mm、IDは7.5mmである。カラム温度は55℃であり、注入体積は200μLである。検出器は、Astra(登録商標)ソフトウェアバージョン4.73.04検出器ソフトウェアを備えるDAWN(登録商標)Enhanced Optical System(EOS)(Wyatt Technology of Santa Barbara(CA,USA)製)(K5セル及び690nmレーザーを有するレーザー光散乱検出器)である。奇数が振られた検出器のゲインは101に設定する。偶数が振られた検出器のゲインは20.9に設定する。Wyatt TechnologyのOptilab(登録商標)示差屈折率検出器を50℃に設定する。ゲインを10に設定する。移動相は、0.1% w/v LiBrを備えるHPLC等級のジメチルスルホキシドであり、移動相の流量は1mL/分、無勾配である実行時間は30分である。
試験されることになる洗剤製品試料の25.4mm(1インチ)幅のストリップを機械方向に少なくとも8本切り取る。25.4mm(1インチ)幅のストリップを横方向に少なくとも8本切り取る。機械方向及び横断方向が容易に確認できない場合、横断方向はより低い最大負荷引張力をもたらすストリップであろう。
最大負荷引張力(引張り強度)(g/インチ)
ピーク伸張(伸張)(%)
最大CD TEA(湿潤CD TEA)(インチ−g/インチ2)
接線弾性率(乾燥MD弾性率及び乾燥CD弾性率)(15g/cmにおいて)
幾何平均(GM)乾燥弾性係数=[乾燥MD弾性係数(15g/cmでの)×乾燥CD(15g/cmでの)]の平方根
本明細書で使用するとき、「プレート剛性」試験は、平坦な試料が、その下の穴の中へ下方に変形されたときの、平坦な試料の剛性の測定である。試験のために、サンプルは、半径「R」で穴の上で中心決めされた平坦な表面上に存在する、厚さ「t」を有する無限平板としてモデル化される。穴の中心を直接覆う組織に適用される中心力「F」は、距離「w」により穴中に組織を下向きに撓ませる。線状弾性材料については、撓みは、次式により予測することができる:
幅単位当たりのプレート剛性「S」は、以下のとおり計算され:
S=(F/w)[(3+v)R2/16π]
式中、「F/w」は最大傾斜(たわみで割った力)、「v」は0.1としてとられたポワソン比、そして「R」は輪の半径である。
フィラメント組成物測定用にフィラメントを調製するために、フィラメントの外面上に存在する任意の除去可能であるコーティング組成物及び/又は材料を除去することによって、フィラメントを調整する。例えば、フィラメントを3回、蒸留水で洗浄するなどする。次いで、フィラメントは含水量が10%未満になるまで、23℃±2.2℃(73°F±4°F)で風乾する。調整したフィラメントの化学分析を次いで完了させ、フィラメント形成材料、及びフィラメント内に存在する活性剤に関して、フィラメントの組成の構成を決定する。
Claims (9)
- 複数のフィラメントからなる洗剤製品であって、少なくとも一つの前記フィラメントが、該フィラメント中に、乾燥フィラメント基準で20重量%を超える1または2以上の活性剤と、ヒドロキシルポリマーからなる少なくとも一つの水溶性フィルム形成材料とを含んでなる洗剤製品であり、かつ、前記洗剤製品が、
a.本明細書に記載の坪量試験方法により測定した場合に、500g/m2未満である坪量、
b.本明細書に記載の伸張試験方法により測定した場合に、10%超であるMDピーク伸張、
c.本明細書に記載の弾性係数試験方法により測定した場合に、15,000g/cm2未満であるGM弾性係数、及び
d.これらの組み合わせ、からなる群から選択される特性を呈し、
前記活性剤が界面活性剤を含み、
前記ヒドロキシルポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアルコール誘導体、ポリビニルアルコールコポリマー、デンプン、デンプン誘導体、デンプンコポリマー、キトサン、キトサン誘導体、キトサンコポリマー、セルロース、セルロース誘導体、セルロースコポリマー、ヘミセルロース、ヘミセルロース誘導体、ヘミセルロースコポリマー、ゴム、アラビナン、ガラクタン、タンパク質およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される水溶性ヒドロキシルポリマーからなる、洗剤製品。 - 前記洗剤製品が、合計濃度が前記洗剤製品の35重量%超の1つ以上の活性剤を含む、請求項1に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記洗剤製品が、合計濃度が前記洗剤製品の50重量%以上の1つ以上の活性剤を含む、請求項1に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記洗剤製品が2以上の異なる活性剤を含み、前記1つ以上の活性剤の少なくとも1つが、皮膚有益剤、薬剤、ローション、布地ケア剤、食器洗浄剤、カーペットケア剤、表面ケア剤、毛髪ケア剤、空気ケア剤及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記洗剤製品が溶解助剤を更に含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記洗剤製品が、本明細書に記載の含水量試験方法により測定した場合に、0%〜20%の含水量を呈する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記洗剤製品が、溶解試験方法により測定した場合に、120s/g未満の平均分解時間を呈する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記洗剤製品が、溶解試験方法により測定した場合に、950s/g未満の平均溶解時間を呈する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の洗剤製品。
- 前記ヒドロキシルポリマーが、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアルコール誘導体、ポリビニルアルコールコポリマー、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の洗剤製品。
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