JP4095444B2 - ペンタペプチド化合物及びそれに関する使用 - Google Patents
ペンタペプチド化合物及びそれに関する使用Info
- Publication number
- JP4095444B2 JP4095444B2 JP2002585470A JP2002585470A JP4095444B2 JP 4095444 B2 JP4095444 B2 JP 4095444B2 JP 2002585470 A JP2002585470 A JP 2002585470A JP 2002585470 A JP2002585470 A JP 2002585470A JP 4095444 B2 JP4095444 B2 JP 4095444B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lower alkyl
- hydrogen
- compound
- compounds
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 258
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 242
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 169
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 57
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 45
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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Classifications
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- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0202—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-X-X-C(=0)-, X being an optionally substituted carbon atom or a heteroatom, e.g. beta-amino acids
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- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
- A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
- A61K47/6811—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug being a protein or peptide, e.g. transferrin or bleomycin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0205—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-(X)3-C(=0)-, e.g. statine or derivatives thereof
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Description
Kyoichi; Gondo, Masaaki; Miyazaki, Koichi; Ito, Takeshi; Sugimura, Akihiro; Kobayashi, Motohiro). PCT国際特許公開 WO 9633212 Al (1996);
「癌阻害ペプチドとしてのドラスタチン10類似体の調製」"Preparation of dolastatin 10 analogs as cancer inhibitory peptides", Pettit, George R.; Srirangam, Jayaram K. (Arizona Board of Regents, USA). PCT国際特許公開 WO 9614856 Al (1996);
「抗癌剤としてのテトラ-及びペンタペプチド ドラスタチン類似体の調製」"Preparation of tetra-and pentapeptide dolastatin analogs as anticancer agents", Pettit, George R.; Srirangam, Jayaram K.; Williams, Michael D. (Arizona Board of Regents, USA). 欧州特許出願 EP 695757 A2 (1996);
「抗癌剤としてのドラスタチン10類似体ペンタペプチドアミド及びエステルの調製」"Preparation of dolastatin 10 analog pentapeptide amides and esters as anticancer agents", Pettit, George R.; Srirangam, Jayaram K. (Arizona Board of Regents, USA). 欧州特許出願 EP 695758 A2 (1996);
「抗癌剤としてのドラスタチン類似体ペンタペプチドメチルエステルの調製」"Preparation of dolastatin analog pentapeptide methyl esters as anticancer agents", Pettit, George R.; Williams, Michael D.; Srirangam, Jayaram K. (Arizona Board of Regents, USA). 欧州特許出願 EP 695759 A2 (1996);
「抗癌剤としての新規のペプチド誘導体の調製」"Preparation of novel peptide derivative as antitumor agent", Sakakibara, Kyoichi; Gondo, Masaaki ; Miyazaki, Koichi ; Ito, Takeshi; Sugimura, Akihiro; Kobayashi, Motohiro. (Teikoku Hormone Mfg. Co., Ltd., Japan). PCT国際特許公開 WO 9509864 Al (1995);
「抗癌剤としてのテトラペプチド誘導体の調製」"Preparation of tetrapeptide derivatives as antitumor agents", Sakakibara, Kyoichi; Gondo, Masaaki; Miyazaki, Koichi. (Teikoku Hormone Mfg. Co., Ltd., Japan). PCT国際特許公開 WO 9303054 Al (1993);
「抗悪性腫瘍剤 365。ドラスタチン10 SARプローブ」"Antineoplastic agents 365. Dolastatin 10 SAR probes", Pettit, George R.;Srirangam, Jayaram K.; Barkoczy, Jozsef ; Williams, Michael D.; Boyd, Michael R.; Hamel, Ernest; Pettit, Robin K.; Hogan, Fiona; Bai, Ruoli; Chapuis, Jean-Charles ; McAllister, Shane C.; Schmidt, Jean M., Anti-Cancer Drug Des. (1998), 13(4), 243-277;
「抗悪性腫瘍剤 337。ドラスタチン10の構造的修飾体の合成」"Antineoplastic agents. 337. Synthesis of dolastatin 10 structural modifications", Pettit, George R.; Srirangam, Jayaram K.; Barkoczy, Jozsef; Williams, Michael D.; Durkin, Kieran P. M.; Boyd, Michael R.; Bai, Ruoli; Hamel, Ernest; Schmidt, Jean M. ; Chapius, Jean-Charles, Anti-Cancer Drug Des. (1995), 10(7), 529-44; 及び
「新規のドラスタチン10類似体の合成と抗腫瘍活性」"Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel dolastatin 10 analogs", Miyazaki, Koichi; Kobayashi, Motohiro; Natsume, Tsugitaka; Gondo, Masaaki; Mikami, Takashi; Sakakibara, Kyoichi ; Tsukagoshi, Shigeru, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1995), 43(10), 1706-18。
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4はR5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、そして
R9は、
R14は直接の結合、アリーレン(低級アルキレン)、低級アルキレン、及びアリーレンから選択され、
R15は水素、低級アルキル、及びアリールから選択され、
R16はアリーレン(低級アルキレン)、低級アルキレン、アリーレン、及び-(CH2OCH2)pCH2-(pは1−5である)から選択され、
R17は
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R11は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R12は低級アルキル、ハロゲン、及びメトキシから選択され、mは0−5であって、それぞれのR12は独立して選択されるものであり、そして
R20は、標的部分と反応することが可能な反応性部位を有する反応性リンカー基であり、R20は単結合または二重結合によって"x"と標識される炭素に結合できる。]
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の化合物、
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R11は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R12は低級アルキル、ハロゲン、及びメトキシから選択され、mは0−5であって、それぞれのR12は独立して選択されるものであり、そして
R20は、標的部分と反応することが可能な反応性部位を有する反応性リンカー基であり、R20は単結合または二重結合によって"x"と標識される炭素に結合できる。]
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の化合物、
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、そして
R20は、標的部分と反応することが可能な反応性部位を有する反応性リンカー基である。]
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の化合物、
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R11は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、そして
R18は水素、ヒドロキシル保護基、及びO R18が=Oを表すような直接の結合、から選択される。]
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の化合物、
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、そして
R19はヒドロキシ-及びオキソ-置換低級アルキルから選択される。]
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の化合物、
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、そして
R9は
R11は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R12は低級アルキル、ハロゲン、及びメトキシから選択され、mは0−5であって、それぞれのR12は独立して選択されるものであり、
R14は直接の結合、アリーレン(低級アルキレン)、低級アルキレン、及びアリーレンから選択され、
R15は水素、低級アルキル、及びアリールから選択される。)
から選択される。]
場合によって、R9は
a. 上述の化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物、あるいは組成物を細胞に送達して、該化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物を細胞内に侵入させ;
b. mAbを該化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物の残存部分から切断し;
c. 該化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物の該残存部分を用いて細胞を殺滅させる、ことを含んでなる。
a. 本発明の化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物、あるいは上述の組成物を細胞に送達し、該化合物を細胞内に侵入させ;
b. 抗体を該化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物の残存部分から切断し、
c. 該化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物の該残存部分を用いて細胞を殺滅させる、ことを含んでなる。
本明細書で用いている下記の用語はここに示した意味である:
「被験動物」としては、ヒト、ラット、マウス、モルモット、サル、ブタ、ヤギ、ウシ、ウマ、イヌ、及びネコが含まれる。家禽を含むトリも適切な被験動物である。
、グルタミン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、パモ酸(pamoic acid)、及び類似のものなどの有機酸と形成されたものである。
1態様においては、本発明は一般構造として「薬剤-リンカー-ターゲティング作用物」とあらわされる化合物を提供し、ここで該薬剤は本明細書で開示しているとおりペンタペプチドであり、該ターゲティング作用物は抗体である。当業者であれば理解しうるように、このような化合物は通常は抗体コンジュゲートまたは抗体治療用薬剤コンジュゲートとして知られている。そのような化合物は下記の構造を有し、本明細書ではプロドラッグとも呼ばれる。
この構造でそれぞれの位置において独立して:R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R3は低級アルキルであり;R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択されるか、またはR4とR5が共同して部分式-(CRaRb)n-の炭素環式化合物を形成し、この式でRa及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択されたものであり、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択されたものであり;R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり;R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R9は、
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の中間体化合物、
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式の中間体化合物、
前述の中間体化合物のいずれかにおいて、さらに別の態様では、R20は以下の式のヒドラゾン
本発明のこの態様の代表的な化合物は
本発明のこの態様の種々の実施形態においては:R10は
例えば、本発明は以下の式の化合物
例えば、本発明は以下の式の化合物
例えば、本発明は以下の式の化合物
上記で詳述した種々の態様において、本発明は薬剤-リンカー-リガンドのコンジュゲート、ならびにその前駆体を提供する。本発明の薬剤-リンカー-リガンドコンジュゲートは、そのコンジュゲートを細胞、特に腫瘍細胞に送達された際にそのコンジュゲートがリガンドから薬剤を遊離する形で部分的に分解し、その際、リンカーからのいくつかの残基は薬剤に付着したままとなり、典型的にはリンカーのいくつかの残基はリガンドに付着したままの状態となる。次いでその薬剤(または薬剤-リンカー残基)は細胞毒性の作用で腫瘍細胞を殺滅するか、または少なくとも腫瘍細胞の増殖を低減させる。薬剤-リンカー-リガンドコンジュゲートはプロドラッグとすることがおそらく好ましい。該リガンドは典型的には、そのプロドラッグを腫瘍細胞の近傍に局在させることとなるターゲッティング部分である。
別の1態様においては、本発明は以下の式を有する薬剤、
本発明のプロドラッグを調製するためには、該薬剤を直接的にリンカー、典型的にはヘテロ二官能性リンカーと反応させるか、またはそうでなければ該薬剤をヘテロ二官能性リンカー上の反応性部位と適切に反応する反応性部位を含ませるためにいくらか修飾させる。一般的には、該ヘテロ二官能性リンカーは次の構造を有する
(1) 該薬剤のヒドロキシル基の酸化によってカルボニルを形成させる;
(2) 該薬剤のヒドロキシル基と、カルボニルもしくは保護されたカルボニルとヒドロキシル反応性基例えばカルボン酸もしくはエステルとの双方を含んでいる分子との反応。例えば、該薬剤のヒドロキシル基がエステル基に転換されるようにヒドロキシル基をケト酸またはケトエステルと反応させることができ、そこではエステル基がケト酸/エステルのケト基に結合されているが、そのように反応させることができる。
この式でそれぞれ独立して:R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R3は低級アルキルであり;R4は、R5が水素及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール、及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択されるか、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5、及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し;R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり;R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され;R9は、
ウイルス性疾患の治療のための、本発明で有用なその他の抗体としては、病原性を有するウイルスの抗原に対する抗体が含まれ、そのような抗体の例としては、限定はされないが、ポックスウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス、単純ヘルペスウイルス1、単純ヘルペスウイルス2、アデノウイルス、パポバウイルス、エンテロウイルス、ピコルナウイルス、パルボウイルス、レオウイルス、レトロウイルス、インフルエンザウイルス、パラインフルエンザウイルス、ムンプスウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、RSウイルス、百日咳ウイルス、アルボウイルス、ラブドウイルス、アレナウイルス、A型肝炎ウイルス、B型肝炎ウイルス、C型肝炎ウイルス、E型肝炎ウイルス、非A非B肝炎ウイルス、ライノウイルス、コロナウイルス、ロタウイルス及びヒト免疫不全ウイルスが含まれる。
別の態様においては、本発明は上述のペンタペプチド薬剤、及びそのペンタペプチド薬剤に基づいた上述のプロドラッグを製薬上許容し得る担体、賦形剤、または希釈剤と組み合わせて提供する。便宜上、本発明のペンタペプチド薬剤及びプロドラッグを単に本発明の化合物と呼ぶこととする。従って、本発明は、上述の本発明の化合物を、製薬上許容し得る担体と混合して含有する医薬組成物または動物薬組成物(以後単に医薬組成物と呼ぶ)を提供する。本発明はさらに、上述の化合物の有効量を製薬上許容し得る担体と共に含有する組成物、好ましくは医薬組成物を提供する。
また別の1実施形態においては、該化合物または組成物を放出制御システムを用いて送達することができる。1実施形態においては、ポンプを用いることができる(Langer, 上述の文献; Sefton, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201(1987); Buchwaldら, Surgery, 88:507(1980); Saudekら, N. Engl. J. Med. 321:574(1989)を参照せよ)。別の1実施形態においては、ポリマー性材料を用いることができる(「放出制御の医学への応用」"Medical Applications of Controlled Release", LangerとWise(編), CRC Pres., Boca Raton, Florida(1974); 「薬剤のバイオアベイラビリティー制御、ドラッグデザインと性能」"Controlled Drug Bioavailability, Drug Product Design and Performance", SmolenとBall(編), Wiley, New York (1984); RangerとPeppas, J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem., 23:61(1983)を参照せよ; また、Levyら, Science, 228:190(1985); Duringら, Ann. Neurol., 25:351(1989); Howardら, J. Neurosurg., 71:105(1989)をも参照せよ)。別の1実施形態においては、放出制御システムを、該化合物または組成物の標的の近傍、例えば、脳に置くことができ、それによって全身投与の場合に必要とされる量のごく一部の投与しか必要としないこととなる(例えば、Goodson, 「放出制御の医学への応用」"Medical Applications of Controlled Release", 上述の文献, 第2巻, pp.115-138(1984)を参照せよ)。Langerの総説((Science, 249:1527-1533 (1990))中に述べられているその他の放出制御システムを用いることができる。
本発明は、生物学的に活性な化合物及びプロドラッグ(集合的に、化合物、または本発明の化合物、とする)、本発明の化合物の調製方法、本発明の化合物を含んでなる医薬組成物、ならびに被験動物における癌及びその他の腫瘍の治療方法を提供する。例えば、本発明は、製薬上許容し得る様式で、本発明の化合物または組成物の製薬上有効な量を用いて、被験動物が治療されることとなる腫瘍を治療するための方法で用いられる化合物と組成物を提供する。
本発明の化合物と組成物は哺乳類の癌の治療のための様々な状況で用いることができる。該mAb-ペンタペプチドコンジュゲートは細胞毒性を有する薬剤を腫瘍細胞に送達するために用いることができる。理論に拘束はされないが、該抗体は腫瘍関連抗原と結合すると、受容体がメディエートするエンドサイトーシスによって細胞内部に取り込まれてエンドソーム及びリソソームに入り込む。これらの細胞内小胞は酸性であり、薬剤とmAbとの間の酸に感受性のリンカー結合、例えばヒドラゾン結合の加水分解を誘導することができる。さらに、エステル結合をプロテアーゼ及びエステラーゼで切断することができ、それらの酵素はリソソーム内に豊富に存在しているものである。放出された薬剤は細胞質内を自由に移動して細胞傷害活性を誘導する。あるいはまた別の1実施形態においては、その薬剤は細胞外でコンジュゲートから切断された後に細胞内に侵入する。
固形癌としては、限定はされないが、次のものが含まれる:
線維芽細胞肉腫、線維肉腫、粘液肉腫、脂肪肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨原性肉腫、軟骨腫、血管肉腫、内皮肉腫、リンパ管肉腫、リンパ管内皮肉腫、滑膜腫、中皮腫、ユーイング腫瘍、平滑筋肉腫、黄紋筋肉腫、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、腎臓癌、膵臓癌、骨癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、前立腺癌、食道癌、胃癌、口腔癌、鼻癌、咽喉癌、扁平上皮癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、脂腺癌、乳頭癌、乳頭腺癌、嚢胞腺癌、甲状腺髄様癌、気管支癌、腎細胞癌、原発性肝癌、胆管癌、絨毛癌、精上皮腫、胎児性癌、ウイルムス腫瘍、子宮頚部癌、子宮体癌、睾丸癌、小細胞肺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、上皮癌、神経膠腫、多形性膠芽腫,星状細胞腫、髄芽細胞腫、頭蓋咽頭腫、上衣細胞腫、松果体腫、血管芽細胞腫、聴神経腫、乏突起膠腫、髄膜腫、皮膚癌、悪性黒色腫、神経芽細胞腫、網膜芽細胞腫。
急性リンパ性白血病"ALL"、急性リンパ性B細胞白血病、急性リンパ性T細胞白血病、急性骨髄芽球性白血病"AML"、急性前骨髄球性白血病"APL"、急性単芽球性白血病、急性赤白血病、急性巨核芽球性白血病、急性骨髄単球性白血病、急性非リンパ性白血病、急性未分化型白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病"CML"、慢性リンパ性白血病"CLL"、ヘアリー細胞白血病、多発性骨髄腫。
ホジキン病、非ホジキンリンパ腫。
本発明の化合物、その製薬上許容し得る塩及び溶媒化合物、ならびに組成物はまた、自己免疫疾患に関連する自己抗体を産生する細胞を殺滅するかまたは増殖を阻害することによって、自己免疫疾患の治療にも用いることができる。
活動性慢性肝炎、アディソン病、強直性脊椎炎、抗リン脂質症候群、関節炎、アトピー性アレルギー、ベーチェット病、心筋症、セリアック病、コーガン症候群、寒冷凝血素症、クローン病、クッシング症候群、皮膚筋炎、円板状エリテマトーデス、紅斑、線維筋痛、糸球体腎炎、グッドパスチャー症候群、移植片対宿主病、グレーブス病、ギラン-バレー症候群、橋本病、特発性副腎萎縮、特発性肺線維症、IgA腎症、炎症性腸疾患、インスリン依存性糖尿病、若年性関節炎、Lambert-Eaton筋無力症候群、扁平苔癬、ルポイド肝炎、狼瘡、リンパ球減少症、メニエール病、混合結合組織病、多発性硬化症、重症筋無力症、悪性貧血、多内分泌腺機能低下症候群、原発性無γグロブリン血症、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、乾癬、乾癬性関節炎、レイノー現象、ライター症候群、関節リウマチ、シュミット症候群、強皮症、シェーグレン症候群、スティフマン症候群、交感性眼炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、高安動脈炎、側頭動脈炎、甲状腺亢進、B型インスリン抵抗性、I型糖尿病、潰瘍性大腸炎、ブドウ膜炎、白斑、ウェゲナー肉芽腫症。
癌または新生物疾患、それには限定はされないが新生物、腫瘍、転移、または制御されない細胞の増殖を特徴とする疾患もしくは障害のいかなるものをも含み、それらは本発明の化合物及び組成物の投与によって治療または予防することができる。
本発明の特定の実施形態においては、該化合物ならびにその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物は少なくとも1つの他の治療用薬剤と組み合わせて用いることができる。
アルキル化剤
ナイトロジェンマスタード: シクロフォスファミド、イフォスファミド、トロフォスファミド、クロラムブシル
ニトロソウレア: カルムスチン(BCNU)、ロムスチン(CCNU)
アルキルスルフォン酸塩: ブスルファン、トレオスルファン、
トリアジン: ダカルバジン
白金含有化合物: シスプラチン、カーボプラチン
植物アルカロイド
ビンカアルカロイド: ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、ビンデシン、ビノレルビン
タキソイド: パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル
DNAトポイソメラーゼ阻害剤
Epipodophyllins : エトポシド、テニポシド、トポテカン、9-aminocamptothecin、カンプト(イリノテカン)、
マイトマイシン類: マイトマイシン C
代謝拮抗剤
抗葉酸剤:
DHFR 阻害剤: メトトレキセート、トリメトレキセート
IMPデヒドロゲナーゼ阻害剤 : ミコフェノール酸、Tiazofurin、リバビリン、EICAR
リボヌクレオチドレダクターゼ阻害剤: ヒドロキシウレア、デフェロキサミン
ピリミジン類似体 :
ウラシル類似体 5-フルオロウラシル、フロクスウリジン、ドキシフルリジン、Ratitrexed
シトシン類似体 シタラビン(ara C)、シトシンアラビノシド、フルダラビン、
プリン類似体: メルカプトプリン、チオグアニン
ホルモン療法剤:
受容体アンタゴニスト:
抗エストロゲン剤: タモキシフェン、ラロキシフェン、メゲストロール
LHRH アゴニスト: goscrclin、酢酸ロイプロリド
抗アンドロゲン剤 : フルタミド、ビカルタミド
レチノイド/デルトイド
ビタミン D3 類似体: EB 1089、CB 1093、KH 1060
光線力学療法剤 : vertoporfin (BPD-MA)、Phthalocyanine、 photosensitizer Pc4、Demethoxy-hypocrellin A (2BA-2-DMHA)、
サイトカイン類: インターフェロン-α、インターフェロン-γ、腫瘍壊死因子
その他:
イソプレニル化阻害剤 : ロバスタチン
ドーパミン作用性神経毒素: 1-メチル-4-フェニルピリジニウムイオン
細胞サイクル阻害剤: スタウロスポリン
アクチノマイシン類: アクチノマイシン D、ダクチノマイシン
ブレオマイシン類 : ブレオマイシン A2、ブレオマイシン B2、ペプロマイシン
アントラサイクリン類: ダウノルビシン、ドキソルビシン (アドリアマイシン)、イダルビシン、エピルビシン、ピラルビシン、ゾルビシン、ミトキサントロン、
MDR 阻害剤: ベラパミル
Ca2+ATPase阻害剤: thapsigargin
別の好ましい1実施形態においては、自己免疫疾患の治療のために、該化合物を1種以上の免疫抑制剤及びその製薬上許容し得る塩もしくは溶媒化合物と組み合わせて用いることができる。好ましい1実施形態においては、そのような免疫抑制剤としては、限定はされないが、シクロスポリン、シクロスポリンA、mycophenylate mofetil、sirolimus、tacrolimus、enanercept、プレドニゾン、及びアザチオプリンが含まれる。
実施例1-4に記載の化学反応は図1-3に示したスキームで説明している。実施例5及び6に記載の化学反応は図4に示したスキームで説明している。実施例7に記載の化学反応は図5に示したスキームで説明している。化合物36を調製するための実施例8に記載の化学反応は図6に示したスキームで説明し、化合物36の抗体へのコンジュゲーションは図10に説明している。化合物38を調製するための実施例9に記載の化学反応は、図7に示したスキームで説明している。実施例10及び11に記載の化合物40a及び40bを作製するための化学反応は、図8に示し、40aの抗体へのコンジュゲーションは図11で説明している。実施例12に記載の薬剤-リンカー-mAb 42の調製は図9に示したスキームで説明している。実施例13に記載のペンタペプチド47とヘテロ二官能性リンカーとの反応は図12に示したスキームで説明し、このスキームでは薬剤-リンカー-抗体コンジュゲートmAb-S-48の形成をも示している。図13のスキームは、実施例14に記載のペンタペプチド49の調製法を示している。実施例15、16、17、及び18で示した合成に関する説明はそれぞれ、図14、15、16、及び17に示したスキームで説明している。
無水CH2Cl2(10mL)中に[2S-[2R*(αS*,βS*)]]-1-[(1,1-ジメチルエトキシ)カルボニル]-p-メトキシ-α-メチル-2-ピロリジンプロパン酸(t-Boc-ドラプロリン(20) 0.27 g, 0.94ミリモル)を含む冷却した溶液(氷浴)に定められたアミン(1.03ミリモル, 1.1eq.)を添加し、その後トリエチルアミン(0.40mL, 2.8ミリモル, 3.0eq.)及びDEPC(0.17 mL, 90 %, 1.03ミリモル, 1.1 eq.)を添加する。この結果得られる溶液をアルゴン雰囲気下で12時間撹拌する。溶媒を室温、減圧下で除去し、残渣をクロマトグラフィーにかける(シリカゲルカラム、溶出液としてヘキサン-アセトン 4:1を使用)。TLC分析で選択した画分から溶媒を蒸発させた後、残渣を真空下で一晩乾燥してアミドを得る。
アミノ酸(1.0eq.)、必要であればカルボキシル保護基を含有したアミノ酸を無水CH2Cl2中に溶解し、その後ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(1.5eq.)を添加した。Fmoc-、Z-、またはジメチルアミノ酸/ペプチド(1.1eq.)を1部、固体で添加し、溶解させた混合物にPyBrop(1.2eq.)を添加した。反応はTLCまたはHPLCでモニターした。
CH2Cl2(10ml)中にジペプチド及びトリペプチド(各1eq.)を含む溶液とトリフルオロ酢酸(5mL)を2時間撹拌する(N2雰囲気下で氷浴)。反応はTLC、または好ましくはHPLCでモニターすることができる。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残渣をトルエン中に溶解する。溶媒を再度、真空下で除去し、このプロセスを反復する。残渣を高度真空下で12時間乾燥し、乾燥CH2Cl2中に溶解し、その後ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(1.5eq.)を添加する。残渣の如何によるが、ペプチドをPyBropまたはDEPC(1.2eq.)のどちらかを用いてカップリングさせることができる。この反応混液をTLCかHPLCでモニターする。
大きな、重い壁面を有するフラスコを用いて、Z-で保護されたアミノ酸またはペプチドの溶液をエタノール中に溶解した。10%パラジウムまたは炭素を添加し(0.1% w/w ペプチド)、その混合液をH2に導入した。反応の進行はHPLCでモニターし、典型的には1〜2時間以内に反応の完了が見られた。フラスコの内容物を、あらかじめ洗浄したセライトのパッドを通過させてろ過し、次いでそのセライトをメタノールで洗う。溶出液を蒸発させて油状とし、トルエン中に溶解し、再度蒸発させる。
Fmoc-含有の化合物をCH2Cl2中に溶解し、それに等量のジエチルアミンを添加する。反応の進行はTLC(またはHPLC)でモニターし、反応は通常は2時間以内で完了する。溶媒を真空中で除去し、残渣をトルエン中に取り再度濃縮する。残渣を高度真空下で少なくとも1時間乾燥する。
ヒドラゾン形成は室温で無水MeOH、0.01% AcOH(典型的には、10mgの薬剤あたり1mL)中で行う。反応時間(6時間〜5日間)及びヒドラジドの量(2〜30eq.)は用いるケトンによって変わる。反応の進行はC18 RP-HPLCでモニターする。典型的には、新たに形成されたアシルヒドラジンは親のケトンと比較すると保持時間がより低い。反応完了後、その反応混液にDMSO(1〜2mL)を添加し、減圧下でメタノールを除去する。分取HPLCでの精製のため、残渣を直接C18 RPカラム(Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 100mM TEAAバッファー, pH 7.0中にMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から95%まで、流速4mL/分)にロードする。適切な画分を減圧下で濃縮し、アセトニトリル(4 x 25mL)と同時蒸発させ、最後に高度真空で2日間乾燥する。
化合物14aはカップリング方法Bに従って化合物12と13aを反応させて調製した。その反応混液を濃縮した後、残渣を逆相分取用HPLCカラム(Varian Dynamax カラム 21.4 mm x 25 cm, 5μ, 100オングストローム, 25% MeCN水溶液 20 mL/minでのアイソクラティックな溶出を用いた)上に直接的に注入して望ましくないジアステレオマーを除去した。純粋な画分を濃縮して澄明な油として産物を得た。収率 14a: 0.67 g (55 %); ES-MS m/z 493.4 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215, 256 nm。
化合物14aを保護基除去法Dに従って処理して、化合物15aを得た。
化合物15aと16をカップリングさせ、その性質はPettitら, J. Chem. Soc. Perk I, 1996, 859に報告されたとおりであった。
t-Boc-ドラプロリン20及び(lS,2R)-ノルエフェドリン21をDEPCとトリエチルアミンの存在下で一般的方法Aに従って結合させて(米国特許第5,635,483号, Pettitら、も参照せよ)化合物25を得た。
化合物18a及び25を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ(1:1)、その後、DEPC及びトリエチルアミンで処理して方法Cを用いて化合物29aを得た。この化合物の合成も米国特許第5,635,483号、及びPettitら, Anti-Cancer Drug Des. 1998, 243に報告されている。
カップリング方法Bに従って、このペプチドを化合物12及び13aを用いて調製した。反応混液を濃縮した後、残渣をC18 分取用HPLC(Varian Dynamax カラム 21.4 mm x 25 cm, 5μ, 100オングストローム, 25% MeCN水溶液 20 mL/minでのアイソクラティックな溶出を用いた)で精製して望ましくないジアステレオマーを除去した。純粋な画分を濃縮して澄明な油を得た。収率 14b: 0.67g (55 %); Rf 0.32 (4:1 ヘキサン-アセトン); UV λmax 215, 256 nm ; 1H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.14-7.40 (5 H, m), 6.19 (1 H, d, J=9.3 Hz), 5.09 (2 H, s), 4.53 (1 H, dd, J=6.6, 9.3 Hz), 3.34 (3 H, s), 2.97(3 H, s), 2.25-2.50 (2 H, m), 1.50-1.78 (3 H, m), 1.46 (9 H, s), 0.99 (3 H, d, J= 6.9 Hz), 0.96 (3 H, d, J=6.9 Hz), 0.89 (3 H, t, J=6.9 Hz), 0.83 (3 H, t, J=7.2 Hz)。
保護基除去法Dに従って化合物14bを処理して化合物15bを得た。
化合物15bと16を方法Aを用いて結合させ、化合物18bを得た:収率 18b: 0.19g (82%); ES-MS m/z 500.5 [M+ H]+ ; Rf 0.12 (4:1 ヘキサン-アセトン); UV λmax 215 nm。
一般的方法Cに従って、化合物18b及び25を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びトリエチルアミンで処理した。その反応混液を分取用HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 100mM 炭酸トリエチルアンモニウム水溶液中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から100%まで40分で、その後0%バッファーで20分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。産物は、所望のHPLC画分の濃縮後、わずかに灰色がかった白色の固体として単離された。収率 29b: 85mg(60%); ES-MS m/z 746.5 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215nm。
方法Aを用いて化合物15aと17を結合させて化合物19aを得た: 107mg(50%); ES-MS m/z 694.7 [M+ H]+ ; Rf 0.64(1:1 ヘキサン-EtOac); UV λmax 215, 265nm。
一般的方法Cに従って、化合物19a及び25(実施例1に記載のとおり調製)を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びトリエチルアミンで処理した。その反応混液をHPLCでモニターし、4時間後、水を加えて層を分離した。乾燥後(MgSO4)、内容物をろ過し、溶媒を除去して化合物30aを得て、それをさらに精製することなく次のステップに用いた。 30a: 127mg(91%); ES-MS m/z 940.9 [M+ H]+。
N-メチル-L-バリル-N-[(1S,2R)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1R,2S)-2-ヒドロキシ-1-メチル-2-フェニルエチル]アミノ]-l-メトキシ-2-メチル-3-オキソプロピル]-1-ピロリジニル]-2-メトキシ-l-[(1S)-1-メチルプロピル]-4-オキソブチル]-N-メチル-L-バリナミド (31a)の調製
Fmoc-で保護されたペプチドを保護基除去法Eに従ってジエチルアミンで処理した。HPLCでは12時間後に反応の完了が観察された。その反応混液を濃縮して油を得て、それを分取用HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 水中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを25%から70%まで5分間で、その後70%で30分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。所望のHPLC画分をプールし、濃縮して、わずかに灰色がかった白色の固体を得た。収率 31a: 37mg (38%); ES-MS m/z 718.7 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215 nm。
方法Aを用いて化合物15bと17を結合させて化合物19bを得た: 収率19b: 0.50g(73%); UV λmax 215, 265nm。
一般的方法Cに従って、化合物19b及び25(実施例1に記載のとおり調製)を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びトリエチルアミンで処理した。その反応混液を分取用HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 水中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを25%から70%まで5分間で、その後70%で30分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。所望のHPLC画分を濃縮して、産物をわずかに灰色がかった白色の固体として単離した。収率 30b: 64mg (53%); ES-MS m/z 955.2 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215,265 nm。
Fmoc-で保護されたペプチド30bを保護基除去法Eに従ってジエチルアミンで処理した。HPLCでは2時間後に反応の完了が観察された。その反応混液を濃縮して油を得た。過剰のエーテルを添加して白色の沈殿を得て、内容物を0℃まで3時間冷却した。産物をろ過し、高度真空下でその固形物を乾燥した。収率 31b: 47mg (95%); ES-MS m/z 732.8 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215 nm。
一般的方法Aに従って、t-Boc-ドラプロリン(20)と(S)-(-)-2-アミノ-3-フェニル-1-プロパノール(L-フェニルアラニノール、22)からジペプチド26を合成した。収率 26: 0.50g (55%); ES-MS m/z 421.0 [M+ H]+ ; Rf 0.24 (100 % EtOAc); UV λmax 215, 256 nm。 lH NMR (CDC13) δ 7.14-7.40 (5 H, m), 6.19 (1 H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 4.11-4.28 (1 H, m), 3.44 (3 H, s), 3.20-3.84 (5 H, m), 2.80-3.05 (2 H, m), 2.20-2.38 (2 H, m), 1.65-1.98 (4 H, m), 1.48 (9 H, s), 1.16 (3 H, d, J=5.7 Hz)。
一般的方法Cに従って、化合物26(42mg, 0.1ミリモル, 1eq.)及び18a(65mg, 0.13ミリモル, 1.3eq.)を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びジイソプロピルエチルアミンで処理した。その反応混液を分取用HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 水中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを25%から70%まで5分間で、その後70%で30分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。所望のHPLC画分を濃縮して、産物をわずかに灰色がかった白色の固体として単離した。収率 32: 60mg (80%); ES-MS m/z 732.2 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215,265 nm。
一般的方法Aに従って、t-Boc-ドラプロリン(20)と(R)-(+)-2-アミノ-3-フェニル-1-プロパノール(D-フェニルアラニノール、23)からジペプチド27を合成した。収率 27: 0.53g (58 %); ES-MS m/z 421.0 [M+ H]+ ; Rf 0.24 (100 % EtOAc); UV λmax 215, 256 nm。 1H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.14-7.40 (5 H, m), 6.19 (0.5 H, d, J=5.4 Hz), 5.75 (0.5 H, d, J=5.4 Hz), 4.10-4.23 (1 H, m), 3.38 (3 H, s), 3.10-3.85 (4 H, m), 2.82-2.96 (2 H, m), 2.10-2.36 (2 H, m), 1.66-1.87 (4 H, m), 1.47 (9 H, bs), 1.16 (1.5 H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.08 (1.5 H, d, J=5.7 Hz)。
一般的方法Cに従って、化合物27(42mg, 0.1ミリモル, 1eq.)及び18a(65mg, 0.13ミリモル, 1.3eq.)を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びジイソプロピルエチルアミンで処理した。その反応混液を分取用HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 水中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを25%から70%まで5分間で、その後70%で30分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。所望のHPLC画分を濃縮して、産物をわずかに灰色がかった白色の固体として単離した。収率 33: 34mg (46%); ES-MS m/z 732.1 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215,265 nm。
ジペプチド28はBoc-ドラプロリン20とp-アセチルフェネチルアミン(米国特許第3,445,518号, 1969)とを、カップリング方法Bに従って反応させて調製する。反応混液を濃縮した後、残渣を逆相分取HPLC、またはSiO2クロマトグラフィーで精製する。
一般的方法Cに従って、ジペプチド28とトリペプチド18aを塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びジイソプロピルエチルアミンでカップリング反応を行う。その反応混液を、他のペプチド化合物で既に述べたような通常の分取HPLC法で精製する。
N,N-ジメチル-L-バリル-N-[(1S,2R)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1R)-2-オキソ-1-メチル-2-フェニルエチル]アミノ]-l-メトキシ-2-メチル-3-オキソプロピル]-1-ピロリジニル]-2-メトキシ-l-[(1S)-1-メチルプロピル]-4-オキソブチル]-N-メチル-L-バリナミド(35)の調製
CH2Cl2(2mL)とピリジン(50μL)中にオーリスタチン E(29a)(10mg, 0.014ミリモル, 1eq.)を含む溶液にクロロクロム酸ピリジニウム(PCC)(13.6mg, 0.06ミリモル, 4.5eq.)を添加した。その反応混液を室温で3時間撹拌した。その反応混液のHPLC分析では、10.2分の位置のピークが異なるUVスペクトル(max 245nm, ショルダー 280nm)を有する新たな11.3分の位置のピークへと完全に転換したことを示していた。その産物をCH2Cl2中のMeOHの段階グラディエントを0%から10%として、シリカゲルカラム(120 x 12mm)上でフラッシュクロマトグラフィーで精製した。真空中で濃縮した後、残渣をヘキサンと共に粉砕して白色固体を得た。収率 35: 6.4mg (64%); Rf 0.3 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1); UV λmax 215, 245 nm。 HRMS m/z : 実測値 730.5119 [M+ H]+。C40H68N5O7 は計算上730.5108を必要とする。
化合物35から一般的方法Fに従って、30eq.のマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジドと3日間反応させることによって化合物36を調製した。収率 36: 無色のガラス状物質2.4mg (43 %); UV λmax 215, 240 (ショルダー) nm。 HRMS m/z: 実測値 937.6131 [M+ H]+. C50H81N8O9 は計算上937.6127を必要とする。
オーリスタチン Eのレブリン酸エステル(37)の調製
無水CH2Cl2(1mL)中にオーリスタチン E(29a, 3.6mg, 0.005ミリモル, 1eq.)を含む溶液にレブリン酸(2.5μL, 0.025ミリモル, 5eq.)を添加した後、DCC(5mg, 0.025ミリモル, 5eq.)とDMAP(1mg, cat)を添加した。室温で一晩反応させた後、C18 RP-HPLCで分析したところ、新規のより疎水性の産物の形成が認められた。沈殿したDCUをろ過して除いた。この結果得られたケトエステルを、CH2Cl2中のMeOHの段階グラディエントを0%から10%として、シリカゲル上での分取クロマトグラフィーを用いて単離した。収率 37 : 無色のガラス状物質として3.3mg (80.5%); Rf 0.35 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1) ; ES-MS m/z 830 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215 nm。
化合物37とマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(2eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を6時間として化合物38を調製した。収率 38: 白色固体1.3mg (46 %); ES-MS m/z 1037 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215nm
オーリスタチン Eの4-アセチル安息香酸エステル(39a)の調製
無水CH2Cl2(5mL)中にオーリスタチン E(29a, 50mg, 0.07ミリモル, 1eq.)を含む溶液に4-アセチル安息香酸(23.5mg, 0.14ミリモル, 2eq.)を添加した後、DCC(30mg, 0.14ミリモル, 2eq.)とDMAP(5mg, cat)を添加した。室温で一晩反応させた後、C18 RP-HPLCで分析したところ、新規のより疎水性の産物の形成が認められた。沈殿したDCUをろ過して除いた。この結果得られたケトエステルを、CH2Cl2中のMeOHの段階グラディエントを0%から10%として、シリカゲル上での分取クロマトグラフィーを用いて単離した。この産物をCH2Cl2中に5% MeOHを含む液で溶出した。収率 39a: 白色固体57mg (90%) ; Rf 0.43 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1) ; UV λmax 215, 250 nm。 HRMS m/z : 実測値 878.5669 [M+H]+. C49H76N5O9は計算上878.5643を必要とする。 C49H75N509 x H20 の計算値は : C, 65.67; H, 8.66; N, 7.81。実測値は : C, 66.05; H, 8.61; N, 7.80。
化合物39aとマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(3eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を12時間として化合物40aを調製した。収率 40a: 固体 3mg (65%); λmax 215, 295 nm。HRMS m/z : 実測値 1085.6665 [M+ H]+. C59H89N8O11は計算上1085.6651を必要とする。C59H88N8O11 x H20の計算値は : C, 64.22 ; H, 8.22; N, 10.16。 実測値: C, 64.27; H, 8.21; N, 9.92。
N,N-ジメチル-L-バリル-N-[(1S,2R)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1R,2S)-2-ヒドロキシ-1-メチル-2-フェニルエチル]アミノ]-l-メトキシ-2-メチル-3-オキソプロピル]-1-ピロリジニル]-2-メトキシ-l-[(1S)-1-メチルプロピル]-4-オキソブチル]-N-メチル-L-イソロイシナミドの4-アセチル安息香酸エステル(39b)の調製
化合物39bは、実施例10に記載のとおり、化合物29bをCH2Cl2中に4-アセト安息香酸と、DCC、DMAPを添加した溶液中で反応させることによって調製した。収率 39b: 白色固体10.7mg (80%); Rf0.37 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1) ; UV λmax 215, 250 nm。 HRMS m/z : 実測値 892.5775 [M+ H]+。 C50H78N5O9は計算上892.5800を必要とする。
化合物39bとマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(5eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を18時間として化合物40bを調製した。収率 40b: 固体4.8mg (50%); ES-MS m/z : 1099 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215, 295 nm。
DMSO(100μL)中に39a(5mg, 0.0056ミリモル)を含む溶液に、無水MeOH(0.9mL)を添加した後、1% AcOH/MeOH(10μL)を添加した。(3-ブロモアセタミド)-プロピオニルヒドラジド(41)(0.025ミリモル, 4.5eq.)をその溶液に添加した。この反応液を室温で24時間置いた。C18-RPカラム分析ではより低い保持時間の新規化合物の形成が認められた。この反応混液にDMSO(1mL)を添加し、メタノールを減圧下で除去した。残渣を分取HPLCでの精製のためにC18-RPカラム(Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 100mM TEAAバッファー, pH 7.0中にMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から95%まで、流速4mL/分)上に直接ロードした。適切な画分を減圧下で濃縮し、アセトニトリル(4 x 25mL)と同時蒸発させ、最後に高度真空で乾燥した。 収率 42: 固体4.0mg (66%); ES-MS m/z : 1084 [M+ H]+, 1086 ; λmax 215, 295 nm。
下記に示す化合物47は、実施例10に記載のとおり、化合物32(8.8mg, 0.012ミリモル)を、CH2Cl2中に4-アセト安息香酸と、DCC、DMAPを添加した溶液中で反応させることによって調製した。収率 47: 白色固体7.3mg (70%); Rf 0.4 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1) ; ES-MS m/z 878.9 [M+ H]+ ; λmax 215, 250 nm。
化合物47(6.4mg, 0.007ミリモル)とマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(4eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を4時間として化合物48を調製した。収率 48: 無色のガラス状物質4.3mg (57%); ES-MS m/z : 1085.7 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215, 294 nm。
化合物50(下記に示す構造)は、実施例10に記載のとおり、オーリスタチン E(29a, 10mg, 0.014ミリモル)を、CH2Cl2中に5-ベンゾイル吉草酸と、DCC、DMAPを添加した溶液中で反応させることによって調製した。収率 50: 淡黄色の油 10mg (79%); Rf 0.34 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1) ; UV λmax 215nm。HRMS m/z : 実測値 920.6139 [M+ H]+。C52H82N509は計算上920.6113を必要とする。
化合物50(5mg, 0.0054ミリモル)とマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(5eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を12時間として化合物51を調製した。収率 51: 白色固体3.5mg (57%); UV λmax 215, 280 nm。HRMS m/z : 実測値 1127.7132 [M+ H]+。C62H95N8O11は計算上1127.7120を必要とする。
無水トルエン(5mL)中にオーリスタチン E(29a, 10mg, 0.014ミリモル, 1eq.)、アセト酢酸エチル(9μL, 0.07ミリモル, 5eq.)、及びDMAP(3.5mg, 0.029ミリモル, 2eq.)を含む溶液を10時間還流した。その反応混液を減圧下で濃縮して乾燥させた。残渣を2mLのCH2Cl2中に再溶解し、その産物をCH2Cl2に10% MeOHを含む液中でシリカゲルフラッシュクロマトグラフィーで精製した。収率 52 (下記に示す構造): 無色のガラス状物質7mg (60%); Rf 0.4 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1); ES-MS m/z : 816.9 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215 nm。
化合物52とマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(10eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を12時間として化合物53を調製した。ヒドラゾン53は反応速度の研究用に単離することなく用いた。 UV λmax 215nm。
Boc-フェニルアラニノール-p-アセチルフェノキシエーテル(56)の調製
無水ジオキサン(20mL)中に(S)-(-)-Boc-フェニルアラニノール(54, 0.50g, 2.0ミリモル, 1.0eq.)、4-ヒドロキシアセトフェノン(55, 0.30g, 2.2ミリモル, 1.1eq.)、及びトリフェニルホスフィン(0.80g, 3.0ミリモル, 1.5eq.)を含む溶液を0℃に冷却した。ジイソプロピルアゾジカルボン酸(0.62mL, 3.0ミリモル, 1.5eq.)を2分かけて滴下して添加し、反応は逆相HPLCでモニターした。24時間後、溶媒を真空中で除去し、残渣を分取HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 水中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から100%まで40分で、その後100%で20分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。所望の画分を濃縮して、白色の固体として産物を得た。収率 56: 0.54g (74%); ES-MS m/z 370.2 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215, 275 nm。 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.96 (2 H, d, J=6.9 Hz), 7.18-7.35 (5 H, m), 6.94 (2 H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 4.92 (1 H, bd, J=8.1 Hz), 4.14-4.28 (1 H, m), 3.91-4.02 (2 H, m), 2.99-3.04 (2 H, m), 2.58 (3 H, s), 1.45 (9 H, s)。
10mL CH2Cl2-TFA(2:1)中に化合物56(70mg, 0.19ミリモル, 1.0eq.)を含む溶液をN2雰囲気に2時間置いた。HPLCでは反応が完了したことを示していた。その反応混液を濃縮して油を得て、その油はごく少量のジクロロメタン中に取り、ヘキサンで沈殿させた。白色の固体を集め、高度真空下で20時間乾燥した。遊離アミンとt-Boc-ドラプロリン(20)を一般的方法Aに従ってDEPC(1.5eq.)及びトリエチルアミン(3.0eq.)の存在下で結合させた。24時間後、溶媒を真空中で除去し、残渣を分取HPLC(C18-RP, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 水中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から100%まで40分で、その後100%で20分間、流速20mL/分)で精製した。所望の画分を濃縮して、白色の固体として産物を得た。収率 57: 52mg (51%); ES-MS m/z 538.9 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215, 275 nm。 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.92 (2 H, d, J =7.2Hz), 7.18-7.33 (5 H, m), 6.94 (2 H, d, J=7.5Hz), 6.69 (1/2 H, bd, J=7.2 Hz), 5.98 (1/2 H, bd, J=7.5Hz), 4.46-4.57 (1 H, m), 3.96-4.08 (2 H, m), 3.48-3.88 (3 H, m), 3.38 (3 H, s), 2.92-3.26 (3 H, m), 2.56 (3 H, s), 2.23-2.40 (1 H, m), 1.55-1.90 (4 H, m), 1.49 (4.8 H, s), 1.45 (4.2 H, s), 1.18 (3 H, d, J=6.9Hz)。
化合物58の調製
一般的方法Cに従って、化合物57(25mg, 0.046ミリモル, 1eq.)及び18a(34mg, 0.07ミリモル, 1.5eq.)を塩化メチレン中でトリフルオロ酢酸存在下で結合させ、その後、DEPC及びジイソプロピルエチルアミンで処理した。その反応混液をCH2Cl2中のMeOHの段階グラディエントを0%から10%として、シリカゲルカラム上で分離した。産物は5% MeOHで溶出し、濃縮後白色固体として得られた。収率 58: 33mg (85%); Rf 0.35 (CH2Cl2/MeOH, 10/1); ES-MS m/z 850.7 [M+ H]+ ; UV λmax 215, 271 nm。
化合物58(33mg, 0.04ミリモル)とマレイミドカプロイルヒドラジド(5eq.)から一般的方法Fに従って、反応時間を17時間として化合物59を調製した。収率 59: 無色のガラス状物質 17.3mg (40%); ES-MS m/z : 1057.9 [M+ H]+; UV λmax 215, 265 nm。
いくつかの細胞系統でin vitro細胞毒性実験を行って、オーリスタチン E(29a)の活性をケトエステル39aの活性と比較した。このエステルは広範な細胞系統で細胞毒性を示し、それはL2981細胞でのオーリスタチン E(29a)と同程度の細胞毒性から、Daudi バーキットリンパ腫細胞での約17分の1の細胞毒性までの範囲であった(表4)。
mAb-オーリスタチン Eコンジュゲートの評価のために用いられた細胞系統、及びオーリスタチン E(29a)とケトエステル誘導体(39a)との相対的細胞毒性効果
表4に示した結果を得るために、細胞を薬剤に1〜2時間暴露させ、72時間後に3H-チミジンのDNA中への取り込みによって細胞毒性を測定した。抗原の発現はフローサイトメトリーで測定し、平均蛍光強度(MFI)で表した。
in vitro細胞毒性実験を行って、オーリスタチン E(29a)と本発明の薬剤の活性を比較した。3396細胞とKarpas細胞を薬剤にそれぞれ1時間及び2時間暴露した。細胞を洗浄し、96時間後にミトコンドリアの状態を調べるためにXTTを用いて細胞毒性を測定した。結果は表5に示す。
穏和な酸性条件下での効率的なヒドラゾン加水分解のために必要な構造的条件を分析するために、本発明のペンタペプチドのC末端と構造的に関連している一連のノルエフェドリン誘導体(表6)を調製した。
リン酸塩緩衝食塩液, pH7.2中にモノクローナル抗体(mAb)(5-10mg/mL)を含有する溶液を、ジチオスレイトール(65eq.)で37℃で45分間還元する。低分子量物質の分離はSephadex G25カラムでサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーで行い、mAb中のスルフヒドリル含量は5,5'-ジチオビス(2-ニトロ安息香酸)を用いて既に報告されているとおりの方法で(Riddles, P. W., Blakeley, R. L.とZerner, B.(1979)「エルマン試薬:5,5'-ジチオビス(2-ニトロ安息香酸)-再検討」"Ellman's reagent: 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)-a reexamination", Anal. Biochem. 94:75-81)測定した。典型的には、mAbあたり6〜9個の遊離のスルフヒドリル基がある。
化合物36、38、40a、40b、48、51、53、及び59のチオエーテルの合成
化合物36、38、40a、40b、48、51、53、及び59のメルカプトエタノール付加化合物をin situで、対応するマレイミドヒドラゾン(10% PBS、10% DMSO水溶液中に0.3mM)と2eq.のメルカプトエタノールを室温で15分間反応させて調製した。HPLC分析では(C18, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 5mM リン酸アンモニウムバッファー, pH7.0中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から90%まで10分で、その後90%MeCNで5分間、流速1mL/分)親のヒドラゾンよりも保持時間が0.3〜1分少ない、新たなピークが認められた。反応混液は加水分解速度の検討に直接用いた。
チオエーテル溶液(10% PBS、10% DMSO水溶液中に0.3mM)を最終の塩濃度が30mMとなるように100mM NaOAc, pH5.0、または100mM Na2HPO4, pH7.2のいずれかで調整し、HPLCシステムの温度制御自動サンプラー中で37℃でインキュベートした。定められた時間間隔でアリコート(10μL)を取り、出発材料の消失はHPLCで215nmでモニターした(C18, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 5mM リン酸アンモニウムバッファー, pH7.0中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から90%まで10分で、その後90%MeCNで5分間、流速1mL/分)。結果は出発材料であるヒドラゾンのパーセントで示した。ヒドラゾンの半減期はこれらの曲線から計算し、表8に示している。
10% DMSO水溶液、50mM バッファー(NaOAc, pH5.0、または50mM Na2HPO4, pH7.2のいずれか)中のコンジュゲート(1mg/mL)を、HPLCシステムの温度制御オートサンプラー中で37℃でインキュベートした。定められた時間間隔でアリコート(100μL)を取り、薬剤の形成(ケト-エステル)をHPLCで250nmでモニターした(C18, Varian Dynamax カラム, 5μ, 100 オングストローム, 5mM リン酸アンモニウムバッファー, pH7.0中のMeCNの直線的グラディエントを10%から90%まで10分で、その後90%MeCNで5分間、流速1mL/分)。対応するピーク(標準品と比較することによって明確に定めた)を合算して遊離の薬剤を定量した。結果は放出された薬剤合計の百分率で示した。イムノコンジュゲートの半減期はこれらの曲線から計算し表8に示している。
3.0mgのhBR96を含有している450μLのPBS, pH7.2に、水中に100mMのジチオスレイトール(DTT)を含む液50μLを添加した。その混液を37℃で30分間インキュベートした。1mM DTPA含有のPBSを用いてPD10カラム(Pharmacia)から溶出させることによって還元反応液から過剰のDTTを除去した。タンパク質濃度(A280、1mg/mL溶液の吸光度を1.4と仮定)と、DTNBで処理したタンパク質のアリコートのA412を測定し、モル吸光係数を14,150と仮定することによって、抗体あたりの遊離のチオールの数として8.5が得られた。
mAb-S-36コンジュゲートの、L2987ヒト肺腺癌細胞(BR96抗原が強陽性、S2C6抗原が弱陽性)、及びKato IIIヒト胃癌細胞(BR96抗原が強陽性、S2C6抗原が陰性)に及ぼす細胞毒性を図18A、18B、及び18Cに示している。これらの図は薬剤とmAb-薬剤コンジュゲートのin vitroでの、L2987ヒト肺腺癌細胞に対する細胞毒性(図18Aと図18B)、ならびにKato IIIヒト胃癌細胞に対する細胞毒性(図18Aと図18C)を示している。L2987細胞はBR96(LeY)及びS2C6(CD40)によって認識される抗原が陽性であるが、LeY抗原を高レベルで発現している。Kato III細胞はLeY抗原が陽性で、CD40については陰性である。細胞をコンジュゲートに2時間暴露し、洗い、細胞毒性は3日後にチミジン取り込みのアッセイを用いて測定した。
特定のコンジュゲートのいくつかの細胞系統に対する細胞毒性を図19Aと19Bに示している。これらの図はオーリスタチン Eとオーリスタチン E含有コンジュゲートのL2987ヒト肺腺癌細胞に対する細胞毒性を示し(図19A);AC10-S-40aで処理された種々の血液細胞系統に対する細胞毒性(図19B)を示している。全てのアッセイで細胞を薬剤に2時間暴露させ、洗い、細胞毒性は72時間後に3H-チミジン取り込みを用いて測定した。
皮下にL2987肺腺癌または3396ヒト乳癌異種移植片を有するヌードマウスに、コンジュゲートまたは薬剤を図20A及び20Bに示すスケジュールで注射した。BR96-S-40aコンジュゲートは2種の腫瘍細胞系統に結合したが、IgG-S-40aは結合しなかった。動物は全て、毎日全般的健康状態をモニターし、3〜8日ごとに体重と腫瘍増殖についてモニターした。腫瘍容積は次の式を用いて推定した:最も長い場所の寸法 x 垂直方向の寸法の2乗/2。mAb-S-40aコンジュゲートの使用に伴う毒性は見られなかった。これらの効果をオーリスタチン Eの最大耐容投与量での効果と比較した。インプラントはエストラジオールを60日間にわたって放出し、その時点で実験を終了した。
これらのコンジュゲートのH3396ヒト乳癌細胞(BR96抗原は強陽性)に対する細胞毒性は図21に示している。このデータを得るために、RPMI培地中のL2987細胞を96ウエルのプレート中に蒔き(細胞5000個/ウエル)、37℃で24時間置いた後、培地(0.05mL)中にコンジュゲートを入れた液の様々な濃度のものをサンプルに添加した(3回測定)。37℃で1時間置いた後、細胞を洗い、インキュベーションはさらに24時間継続し、その時点で細胞を再度洗った。さらに3日間後にXTTを細胞の生存のインジケーターとして用いて、細胞毒性を測定した。データはこれらのコンジュゲートは全てがH3396細胞に対して非常に強い細胞毒性を示したが、化合物48、51、及び59から調製したBR96コンジュゲートは、BR96-40aよりも強力であることを示している。
Claims (10)
- 以下の式の化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒化合物。
[式中、それぞれの位置において独立して
R1は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4はR5がH及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、そして
R9は
(式中、
R10は
から選択され、
R11は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R12は低級アルキル、ハロゲン、及びメトキシから選択され、mは0−5であって、それぞれのR12は独立して選択されるものであり、
R14は直接の結合、アリーレン(低級アルキレン)、低級アルキレン、及びアリーレンから選択され、
R15は水素、低級アルキル及びアリールから選択される。)
から選択される。] - 以下の式の化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒化合物。
[式中、それぞれの位置において独立して
R2は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R3は低級アルキルであり、
R4はR5がH及びメチルから選択される場合に低級アルキル、アリール及び-CH2-C5-7炭素環式化合物から選択され、あるいはR4及びR5は共に部分式-(CRaRb)n-(Ra及びRbは独立して水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、nは2、3、4、5及び6から選択される)の炭素環式化合物を形成し、
R6は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R7はsec-ブチルまたはiso-ブチルであり、
R8は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R11は水素及び低級アルキルから選択され、
R18は水素、ヒドロキシル保護基、およびOR18が=Oを表す直接の結合
から選択される。] - 腫瘍細胞もしくは癌細胞の増殖を阻害するかもしくは殺滅させるか、または、自己免疫疾患を治療するための医薬組成物であって、治療的に有効な請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の化合物またはその製薬上許容し得る塩若しくは溶媒化合物を含む、前記組成物。
- さらに有効量の抗癌剤または免疫抑制剤を含む、請求項9記載の組成物。
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