JP2011516181A - 拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント - Google Patents

拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2011516181A
JP2011516181A JP2011503218A JP2011503218A JP2011516181A JP 2011516181 A JP2011516181 A JP 2011516181A JP 2011503218 A JP2011503218 A JP 2011503218A JP 2011503218 A JP2011503218 A JP 2011503218A JP 2011516181 A JP2011516181 A JP 2011516181A
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Prior art keywords
outer sleeve
inner core
intervertebral implant
sleeve portion
expandable intervertebral
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JP2011503218A
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JP5441997B2 (ja
Inventor
クリストファー マーデン ジョン ケイン
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ジンテス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

【解決手段】 拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント(20)が提供され、隣接する椎骨によって形成される椎骨間空間の中へ挿入される。拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントは、一対の外側スリーブ部分(30A,30B)と、外側スリーブ部分の間に配置された内側コア(50)とを具備している。外側スリーブ部分に対する内側コアの運動によって、外側スリーブ部分は、互いに離れるように偏向し、それにより、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを椎骨と係合させ、椎骨間空間の高さを調整する。
【選択図】 図2A

Description

〔関連出願〕
本願は、2008年4月5日に出願された、米国仮特許出願第61/042,724号を基礎とする優先権を主張し、同出願をここで参照によって引用し、あたかも本願で開示されたものとする。
この開示は、一般的には、椎骨間インプラントに関し、特に、椎骨間インプラントであって、拡張して所望の間隔、及び/又は、隣接する椎骨の角度向きを創り出すものに関する。
変性椎骨間疾患又は椎体の退化は、しばしば、椎骨間の高さの損失をもたらし、このために、とりわけ椎間関節突起と神経の侵害を引き起こす。1つの標準的な治療は、損傷した椎骨間を椎骨間インプラントと交換するか、又は損傷した部分又は全椎体を椎骨間インプラントと交換することである。
従って、椎骨間インプラントは、隣接する2つの椎体の椎骨間面の中に挿入され、又は椎体の一部分又は全体を除去することで創られた空間の中に、脊柱の損傷部分を除去した後に、挿入される。好ましくは、椎骨間インプラントは、可能な限り、脊柱を自然な状態に回復させる。すなわち、インプラントは、好ましくは、椎間板を元の高さに回復させ、従って、2つの隣接する椎体の間を、又は様々なレベルの脊柱における椎体の間を元の距離に回復させる。これらのインプラントのサイズ及び形状は、椎体間の生理学的高さを少なくとも満たすものであり、比較的幅狭で小さい切開を通して挿入され、ここで、神経系及び血管系の構造物が切開の近くにある。従って、減少したサイズ又は形態にて挿入でき、椎間板の間に配置されたときに拡張することで、必要な切開を最小化し、移植中にインプラントが神経系及び血管構造に接触する可能性を限定できるような、インプラントを開発することが有利である。
椎間板インプラントであって、脊柱を自然の状態に回復させるものを構築することが望ましく、これは、挿入中には比較的小型であり、隣接する椎間板の間に配置されたときに拡張される。また、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントであって、同一の器具を利用して挿入及び拡張できるものを構築することが望ましい。
以下の要約は、以下の発明を実施するための形態に説明された、簡略化した形態の概念を選択して導入するものである。この要約は、本発明の鍵となる特徴又は本質的な特徴を指示する意図はなく、また、本発明の範囲を制限するために使用されることも意図していない。かかる目的には、特許請求の範囲を参照されたい。
ある種の実施形態は、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを椎骨間空間の中へ挿入し、初期状態から拡張状態へ拡張可能になっている。拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントは、リンケージを具備し、これは、長手方向に結合された複数のリンクを具備している。それぞれのリンクは、外側スリーブを具備し、第1の外側スリーブ部分を有し、また、第1の外側スリーブ部分に対して可動である第2の外側スリーブ部分を有する。第2の外側スリーブ部分は、第1の係合面を形成し、これは、長手方向に対して傾斜している。それぞれのリンクはさらに、内側コアを具備し、第1及び第2の外側スリーブ部分の間に配置されている。内側コアは、第2の係合面を形成し、長手方向に対して傾斜しており、第2の係合面は、第1の係合面に当接している。内側コアと第2の外側スリーブ部分との長手方向に沿っての相対的運動によって、第1の係合面は、第2の係合面に沿って乗り上げ、それにより、第2の外側スリーブ部分は、長手方向に対して実質的に垂直な方向において、第1の外側スリーブ部分から離れるように偏向する。
追加的な特徴及び利点については、添付図面を参照した、例示的な実施形態に関する以下の詳細な説明から明らかになる。
上述した要旨並びに以下の詳細な説明は、添付図面と関連付けて読むことでより良く理解される。図面には、例示的な実施形態を示しており、全体を通して、類似する要素には、対応する参照符号を付している。拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント及び関連する方法は、開示される特定の実施形態や方法に制限されることはなく、かかる目的のためには特許請求の範囲を参照されたい。
1つの実施形態に従って構成された、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した斜視図であって、椎骨間空間に据え付けられている。 図1Aと類似した図であるが、他の実施形態による、椎骨間空間に据え付けられた椎骨間インプラントを示している。 図1の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であって、1つの実施形態による拡張可能な椎骨間リンクを複数具備したリンケージとして構成され、インプラントは第1の収縮状態にある。 図2Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した拡大図である。 図2Aの椎骨間インプラントにおける拡張可能な椎骨間リンクを示した側立面図である。 図3Aと類似した拡張可能な椎骨間リンクを示した側立面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って構成されたものである。 図3Aと類似した拡張可能な椎骨間リンクを示した側立面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って構成されたものである。 図3Aの拡張可能な椎骨間リンクの断面を示した端面立面図である。 図4Aと類似した拡張可能な椎骨間リンクの断面を示した端面立面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って構成されたものである。 図2Aの拡張可能な椎骨間リンクの断面を示した側立面図である。 図5Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であって、挿入器具と結合されている。 図6の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であるが、第2の垂直に拡張した状態を示している。 図7の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した上部平面図であって、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの様々な構成要素を固定するリテーナを具備している。 図8Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した端面図である。 図8Bの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの一部分を示した拡大図である。 図8Bと類似した、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した端面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って構成されたリテーナを示している。 図9Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した側立面図である。 図6と類似した拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って、拡張されたとき、前湾した外側輪郭を提供するように構成されている。 図10の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であるが、インプラントを垂直に拡張した状態にて示している。 図10の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した上部平面図である。 図12Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの一部分を示した拡大図である。 他の実施形態に従って構成された、第2のリテーナを具備した拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した側立面図である。 図10と類似した、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って、拡張されたとき、前湾した外側輪郭を形成するように構成されている。 図6と類似した、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した上部断面図であるが、他の実施形態に従った横方向の拡張のために構成され、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントは、横方向に収縮した状態にて示している。 図15Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した端面図であって、1つの実施形態に従って構築された、リテーナを具備している。 図15Bと類似した、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した端面図であるが、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントが垂直及び横方向に拡張した状態を示している。 図15Cと類似した、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した端面図であるが、他の実施形態に従って構築された、リテーナを具備している。 1つの実施形態による、挿入器具における付勢部材に結合された、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した側立面図である。 図16Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した側立面図であるが、付勢部材は挿入器具の追加的要素に結合されており、挿入器具は係脱状態にて示している。 図16Bの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した側立面図であるが、挿入器具を結合状態にて示している。 図16Cの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを示した側立面図であるが、挿入器具を示しており、結合部材を有する中心スリーブであって、係合した状態において挿入器具を係止するものを示している。 図17Aの中心スリーブを示した側立面図である。 図17Bの中心スリーブを示した上部平面図である。 他の実施形態に従って構築された、角度付き挿入器具が、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントに結合された様子を示した上部平面図である。 図18Aの角度付き挿入器具が、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントに結合された様子を示した上部平面図であって、挿入器具は傾斜した状態になっている。 拡張状態における拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図である。 図19Aの拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの断面を示した側立面図であるが、インプラントが、最終的な拡張状態に達した後に除去される、突出部分を示している。
ある種の用語は、以下の説明において、便利さのためだけに使用されて、制限的ではない。用語“右”、“左”、“下側”、及び“上側”は、図面において参照がされている方向を指示する。用語“内方”又は“遠位方向”及び“外方”又は“近位方向”は、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント器具及びそれに関連する部品の幾何学的中心に向かう、及び遠のく方向をそれぞれ参照する。用語“前部”、“後部”、“上位”、“下位”、及び関連する単語及び/又はフレーズは、制限を意味せず、参照がなされている人体に対して好ましい配置又は向きを指示する。用語には、上に列挙した単語と共に、それらの派生語及び類義語が含まれる。
図1Aを参照すると、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20が示され、一対の隣接する又は隣合う上側及び下側の椎骨24によって形成された、椎骨間空間22の中に据え付けられている。拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、椎骨24と融合するように構成されている。椎骨24は、腰部椎骨であって、前部側面ASと、反対側の後部側面PSとを形成している。椎骨24はさらに、対向する横方向側面LSを形成し、正中側面方向に沿って延びている中央内側の軸線M−Mの対向する側部に配置されている。椎骨24は、尾側から頭蓋側への軸線C−Cに沿って間隔を隔てている。拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、長手方向L、横方向A、及び横断方向Tに沿って概略延在している。
従って、様々な構造が、長手方向“L”及び横方向“A”に沿って水平に、及び横断方向“T”に沿って垂直に、延びているものとして説明される。ハウジングは、長手方向Lにおいて細長い。本願で特に別言しない限り、用語“横方向”、“長手方向”、及び“横断方向”は、様々な要素の直交方向要素を述べるのに使用される。方向の用語“インボード”及び“内側”、“アウトボード”及び“外側”、及びこれらの派生語は、本願において使用される場合には、所定の装置について、装置の幾何学的中心に向かう及びから離れる方向性要素に沿った方向を参照する。
長手方向及び横方向は、水平面に沿って延在するように図示され、横断方向は、垂直平面に沿って延在するように図示されるけれども、様々な方向を取り巻く平面は、使用中には異なることを認識されたい。従って、方向の用語“垂直”及び“水平”は、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント不0及びその構成要素を説明するのに使用され、明瞭に例示する目的のためだけに使用される。
図示の実施形態においては、長手方向Lは前後方向に延び、横方向Aは正中側面方向に延び、横断方向Tは尾側から頭蓋側への方向に延びている。しかしながら、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20によって定められる方向は、代わりに、椎骨24によって定められる様々な方向に対して、0゜〜180゜の間にて、任意の所望の角度に向けられることを認識されたい。例えば、インプラントの長手方向及び横方向は、正注側面方向及び前後方向に対して、0゜〜180゜の間の任意の所望の角度に向けられる。以下の説明から認識されるだろうが、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、椎骨間空間22の中に、前部方向から、後部方向から、又は前方及び後方側に対して0゜〜180゜の間の角度をなす任意の他の方向から、挿入される。
例えば、図1Bでは、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20が椎骨間空間22に据え付けられ、図1Aに示した向きに対して180゜回転した向きになっている。これに関して、インプラント20は、椎骨間空間22の中に、前方方向又は後方方向から挿入でき、又は前方方向又は後方方向から角度的にオフセットした方向から挿入されることを認識されたい。インプラント20を椎骨間空間22に、例えば、後方から挿入するとき、後方にある解剖学的要素、例えば、靭帯や、一部又はすべての層、後弓、及び、いくらかの又はすべての椎間関節であって、インプラントを受け入れる椎骨空間に整列された部分が除去される。図1Aにおいては、1つのインプラント20が椎骨間空間22の中に挿入され、図1Bにおいては、一対のインプラント20が椎骨間空間22に挿入されているけれども、あらゆる望みの数のインプラント20を、例えば1つ乃至4つのインプラントを、所定の椎骨間空間に望むように挿入できる。さらに、コーペクトミー又はヘミコーペクトミーを実行するとき、1又は複数のインプラント20を椎骨間空間20に据え付けられることを認識されたい。
次に、図2A、図3A、及び図4Aを参照すると、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、長手方向に細長いリンケージ26として提供され、1又は複数のリンク28を具備している。インプラント20は、任意の適当な生物学的適合性の放射線透過性の又はチタンなどの金属材料から作られる。リンケージ26におけるリンク28は、特に別言しない限り、実質的に類似又は同一に構成されている。それぞれのリンクは、外側スリーブ30を具備し、一対の垂直に対向する上側及び下側の外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bから形成されている。外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bは、それぞれ横方向に細長い横断梁31を形成し、一対の外側脚部33に結合され、横断梁31の対向する外側横方向端部から内方へ、横断してそれぞれ突出している。従って、上側スリーブ部分30Aは、脚部33を具備し、対応する横断梁31の横方向の外側端部から下向きに突出しており、下側スリーブ部分30Bは、脚部33を具備し、対応する横断梁31の横方向の外側端部から上向きに突出している。リンク28が第1の又は初期の収縮状態にあるとき、横方向に整列された脚部33における内側横断端部は、図示の通り、互いに当接することができ、椎骨間空間22に据え付ける前のインプラント20の高さを最小限にしており、又はそれらは代わりに間隔を隔てる。
横断梁31は、それぞれ、それぞれの垂直係合面32を形成でき、上側スリーブ部分30Aの垂直係合面は、上向きに面した表面であり、下側スリーブ部分30Bの垂直係合面は、下向きに面した表面である。それぞれの垂直係合面32は、対応する上側及び下側の隣接する椎骨24に当接するように構成されている。
それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bは、複数の歯34を具備し、それぞれの椎骨係合面32から横断して突出している。歯34は、横方向に細長く、図示の通り、複数の長手方向に間隔を隔てた列36として配列されている。歯34は、複数の列36を横切って実質的に一定の高さを有し、それにより、図3Aに示すように、実質的に直線状の歯の輪郭を形成している。変形例としては、歯34は、列を横切る非直線状の輪郭を形成することもできる。例えば、図3Bに示すように、1又は複数のリンク28における歯の列は、曲線を描く輪郭、又は凸状を形成し、長手方向の中間の列にある歯34は、長手方向の外側の列にある歯に比べて高さが大きくなっている。輪郭は、リンク28の長手方向の中間点を通過する横方向軸線を中心として、対称的又は非対称的にできる。
代わりに又は加えて、図4Aを参照すると、1又は複数の歯34の列36、歯の列のすべてに至るまで、横方向に沿って曲線を描く輪郭にでき、歯34の横方向の中間部分は、歯の横方向の外側部分に比べて大きな高さを有する。輪郭は、リンク28の横方向の中間点を通過する長手軸線を中心として、対称的又は非対称的にできる。従って、歯34は、一方向以上に沿って、凸状、又は曲線状の輪郭を形成できる。歯34は、横方向に細長いものとして図示したけれども、歯34は、代わりに、横方向における垂直係合面32を横切って、横方向に不連続とすることもできることを認識されたい。例えば、図4Bを参照すると、第2の複数の歯34は、横方向に沿って、椎骨係合面32から突出している。従って、それぞれの列36は、1又は複数の歯34を具備し、椎骨係合面32に沿って、横方向に間隔を隔てた及び長手方向に間隔を隔てた歯34の配列を形成する。歯34は、横方向の軸線に沿って実質的に垂直な整列状態であるか、又は図4Bに示したように、曲線を描いて、横方向に沿って凸の輪郭を形成し、横方向の中央の歯34は、所定の列36の横方向の外側の歯に比べて大きな高さを有している。代わりに又は加えて、歯34は、図3Bに示すように、曲線を描いて、長手方向に沿って、凸の輪郭を形成する。
歯34は、椎骨面を粗面にするのを助け、隣接する椎骨に拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントを融合するのを助けるもので、椎骨をグリップする表面を提供でき、及び平坦な椎骨係合面に対して隣接する椎骨と融合する表面積を、増加させて形成する。変形例としては、一方又は両方の対向する椎骨係合面32は、横方向及び長手方向の両方に沿って、実質的に滑らかであるか、又は歯が設けられず、図3Cに示すようになっている。滑らかな表面は、実質的に長手−横平面に沿って延びるか、又は横方向及び長手方向のいずれか又は両方に曲線を描いている。
引き続き図2Aを参照すると、リンケージ26は、図示の通り、複数の隣接したリンク28など、1又は複数のリンク28を具備する。それぞれのリンク28は、横方向の横断梁31と、一対の対向する横断脚部33とを上述した態様にて具備しているそれぞれのリンク28は、一般的に矩形又は正方形に形成され、直線状又は曲線状の角部、縁部、及び表面を備え、又は任意の適当な代替的な幾何学形状を備える。リンケージ26は、長手方向の前部端27と、反対側の長手後部端29とを形成している。リンケージ26における後部端29は、椎骨間空間22の中に挿入されるように幾何学的に構成されている。例えば、リンケージの後部端29に配置されたリンク28の横断梁は、前部端27から後部端29へ向けた方向に沿って、内方へ横断して曲線を描き、それにより、インプラント20を椎骨間空間22に挿入したとき、ガイド面を提供する。
隣接するリンク28は、一体的に結合されるか、又は代わりに、任意の適当な機械的又は接着剤の結合部材を使用して、結合部にて互いに個別に取り付けられている。例えば、結合部材35は、隣接するリンク28のそれぞれの脚部33から隣接するリンク28へ向けて長手方向に突出し、リンク28の上側スリーブ部分30Aにおける結合部材35は、隣接するリンク28の上側スリーブ部分30Aにおける対応する結合部材35に取り付けられる。同様に、1つのリンク28における下側スリーブ部分30Bの結合部材35は、隣接するリンク28の下側スリーブ部分30Bにおける対応する結合部材35に取り付けられる。結合部材35は、可撓性のものか堅固なもので、対応する脚部33と一体的に形成され、又は別に形成されて結合される。リンケージ26は、所望の任意の数のリンク28を具備し、それぞれのリンク28の上側スリーブ部分30Aが結合され、及びそれぞれのリンク28の下側スリーブ部分30Bが結合される。
次に、図2A及び図5を参照すると、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bにおける横断梁31は、上述したように、外側椎骨係合面32を形成し、さらに、対向する横断脚部33の間に横方向に延在してなる、対向する横断内側係合面40を形成する。内側係合面40は、垂直方向に傾斜して、長手軸線L−Lに対して角度θを形成し、この角度は0゜〜90゜の間、例えば、約10゜〜約50゜の間であり、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分の係合面40は、リンケージ26の後部端29から前部端27へ向けて長手方向に沿って、横断するように傾斜している。従って、上側スリーブ部分30Aの内側係合面40は、後部端29から前部端27へ向けて長手方向に沿って垂直下向きに傾斜し、下側スリーブ部分30Bの内側係合面40は、後部端29から前部端27へ向けて長手方向に沿って垂直上向きに傾斜している。
上側スリーブ部分30Aの係合面40は、θより大きな角度を形成し、又は下側スリーブ部分30Bの係合面40の角度に比べて小さく、それにより、上側スリーブ部分30Aは、下側スリーブ部分30Bに対して、それぞれ高い又は低い拡張速度にて拡張する。これに関して、長手軸線L−Lに対する内側係合面40の1つの角度θは、ゼロでも良く、一方、長手軸線L−Lに対する他の係合面40の角度θは、ゼロではなく、それにより、他の係合面の外側スリーブ部分だけが、手術中に拡張を引き起こすようになることを認識されたい。
それぞれのリンク28の内側係合面40は、リンケージ26の他のリンク28の係合面40に整列され、及び平行に延びる。従って、それぞれのリンク28の外側スリーブ30は、横断方向に延び、後部端に比べて前部端の距離が大きくなっている。それぞれのリンク28はさらに、係合部材を具備し、これは、1又は複数の突起部として、又は係合面40から横断方向に延びるものとして設けられる。突起部は、隆起や、歯、又は類似の構造物であって、インプラントを拡張状態に固定するための相補的構造物と嵌合するように構成されている。図示の実施形態においては、突起部は、逆角度歯(reverse angled teeth)44として示され、係合面40から横断方向に突出している。従って、説明の目的のために、係合部材、又は1又は複数の突起部は、本願においては、歯と称される。
歯44は、上側スリーブ部分30Aの係合面40から下向きに突出し、及び歯は、下側スリーブ部分30Bの係合面40から上向きに突出している。歯44は、根元端45を形成し、これは、対応する係合面40と実質的に直列になっており、三角形の先端部46は、係合面から横断方向にオフセットしている。隣接する先端部46は、任意の所望の距離だけ間隔を隔てており、例えば、約0.5mm〜約5mmの間になっている。それぞれのリンク28の歯44は、実質的に同一なサイズ及び形状であり、隣接する歯40の先端部46を結合する線は、係合面40に対して平行に延びている。外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bはさらに、隣接する歯44の間に配置され、隣接する歯44によって形成された、ポケット43を形成している。ポケット43は、従って、ポケット43を形成する隣接する歯44と、実質的に同一なサイズ及び形状を有している。
それぞれのリンク28は、内部空洞38を形成し、これは、対向する横断梁31の間において横断方向に、及びそれぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bにおける対向する脚部33の間において横方向に、延びている。リンケージ26は、内側コア50を具備し、これは、それぞれのリンク28の内部空洞38の内部に配置され、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bによって保持される。内側コア50は、横断梁31の横断内面40と当接でき、手術中に、外側スリーブ30に対する内側コア50の長手方向移動によって、外側スリーブ30が、垂直方向(図7参照)などの第1の方向に拡張し、及び代わりに又は加えて、水平方向(図15A乃至図15C参照)など横断又は垂直方向に対して垂直な第2の方向に拡張する。
図2A及び図2Bに示した実施形態においては、内側コア50は、コア本体52を具備し、これは、対向する横方向の表面を形成し、外側スリーブの脚部33に、及び対向して横断する外側又は上側及び下側の係合面54に、対面又は当接する。1つのリンク28の内部に配置された内側コア50の部分は、リンケージ26の他のリンク28に配置された内側コア50の部分に、任意の適当な機械的又は接着の取付部材を用いて、一体的に結合され又は代わりに固定される。
内側コア50が外側スリーブ30の内部空洞38に据え付けられたときには、係合面54は、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの対応する傾斜した係合面40に、嵌合又は当接できる。係合面54は、従って、長手軸線L−Lに対して横断方向に傾斜し、また、従って、対応する係合面40に対して平行に延びている。内側コア50はさらに、係合部材を具備し、これは、1又は複数の突起部であり、係合面54から横断方向に延出して設けられる。突起部は、隆起や、歯、又は類似の構造物であって、インプラントを拡張状態に固定するための相補的構造物と嵌合するように構成されている。図示の実施形態においては、突起部は、逆角度歯(reverse angled teeth)56として示され、係合面54から横断方向に突出している。従って、説明の目的のために、係合部材、又は1又は複数の突起部は、本願においては、歯56と称される。
歯56のサイズ及び形状は、歯44と嵌合するように、歯44に対して実質的に同一になっている。歯56は、根元端を形成し、これは、対応する係合面54と実質的に直列になっており、三角形の先端部60は、係合面から横断方向にオフセットしている。歯56は、同一なサイズ及び形状であり、係合面54に対して平行に延びる隣接する歯56の先端部60と線結合している。従って、内側コア50の歯は、リンク28の後部からリンク28の前部へ向けた方向に沿って、横断方向内方に配置されるようになる。内側コア本体52はさらに、ポケット57を形成し、隣接する歯56の間に配置され、隣接する歯56によって形成される。従って、ポケット57のサイズ及び形状は、ポケット57を形成する隣接する歯56と実質的に同一になっている。
引き続き図2Bを参照すると、歯44のサイズ及び形状は、嵌合する歯56とインターロックするようになっており、隣接する歯56の間に形成されたポケット57の中にある。同様に、歯56のサイズ及び形状は、嵌合する歯44とインターロックするようになっており、隣接する歯44の間に形成されたポケット43の中にある。歯44及び56は、鋸歯の形状を形成してアンダーカットしており、インターロックする歯44及び56の先端部46及び60は、距離Dだけ互いに重なり合い、Dは、0mmを越え、2mm以下になっている。従って、リンク28に加えられる横断圧縮力によって、歯44及び56は、互いにカムになって、インターロック状態になり、先端部46及び60の間の干渉が、インプラント20を椎骨間空間に挿入する間に、内側コア50から外側スリーブ30が垂直に分離するのに抵抗する。さらに、インプラント20が椎間板空間22の中に挿入されると、体組織は、外側スリーブ30に対して前方への長手方向力を適用し、それにより、歯44及び56をそれらのインターロック状態へと付勢し、外側スリーブ30に対するコア50の動きが、長手方向の前方への方向に許容されるが、長手方向の後方への方向には防止される。
インターロックする歯44及び56における対向する先端部46及び60は、横断距離だけ間隔を隔てており、0mm〜約3mmの間の範囲内の高さHを形成する。歯44及び56はさらに、長手軸線L−Lに対して約10゜〜約50゜の間の角度θ2を形成している。
次に、図6を参照すると、リンケージ26は、挿入工具70に結合され、これは、付勢部材64と、内側保持スリーブ72と、外側保持スリーブ74とを具備している。付勢部材64は、内側コア部材50を、外側スリーブ30に対して長手方向前方に移動させる。図示の実施形態においては、内側コア本体52は、内部に長手方向の細長いボア62を形成し、そのサイズ及び形状は、付勢部材64を受け入れるようになっており、ワイヤ66の1つの長手方向の端部にて横断ストッパ68に結合された、長手方向に延びるロッド又はワイヤ66として提供される。ワイヤ64は、ビタリウム、チタニウム、その他から形成される。ストッパ68のサイズ及び形状は、内側コア50の後面に当接するように定められるが、最も後部のリンク28の外側スリーブは除かれ、ワイヤ66は、リンケージ26に沿ってすべての内側コア本体52のボア62を延通する。ワイヤ66は、締り嵌め又は任意の適当な取付機構によって、ボア62の内側の所定位置に保持される。
内側環状保持スリーブ72は、リンケージ26の前部端27から前方の位置へ、ワイヤ66を取り囲み、手術中にワイヤ66をガイドできる。ワイヤ66は、内側保持スリーブ72に対して長手前方方向に引かれ、内側保持スリーブ72は、最も前方のリンクにおけるコア本体52の前部端に当接する。内側保持スリーブ72とコア本体52との係合によれば、ユーザは、ワイヤ66に張力を加えることで、椎骨間空間22の中に挿入する間、インプラント20の位置の制御を維持することが許容される。
外側環状保持スリーブ74は、コア本体52との横断整列から外れた位置にて、最も前方の外側スリーブ30における前部端に当接するように構成されている。外側保持スリーブ74は、往復動する付勢部材を提供し、これは、付勢部材64からコア50へ加えられる力と等しくて反対向きの付勢力を提供するように動作する。これに関して、外側保持スリーブ74は、ブレース部材と称することができる。
従って、第1の力F1が、長手前方方向に沿ってワイヤ66に加えられると、ストッパ68は、対応する長手前方への付勢力を後部リンク28へ加えるようになる。外側保持スリーブ74は、外側リンケージスリーブ30に力F2を加え、この力は、力F1に対して等しくて反対向きである。従って、ワイヤ62に加えられる力F1によれば、内側コア50は、外側スリーブ30に対して長手前方方向に並進する。
図7を併せて参照すると、内側コア50が、外側スリーブ30に対して前方に並進すると、係合面40は、相補的な係合面54に沿って乗り上げ、それにより、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bを互いに対して垂直方向に遠ざかるように偏向させる。外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bが互いに離れるように偏向すると、椎骨間インプラント20は、横断方向に又は垂直方向に拡張する。上側及び下側の嵌合係合面40及び54の傾斜は、上側及び下側スリーブ30A及び30Bがそれぞれ拡張する速度を決定する。
内側コア50が、外側スリーブ30に対して前方方向へ移動すると、係合部材の先端部46及び60、又は歯44及び56が互いにカム越えし、従って、インプラント20の高さを増分的に増加させ、歯44及び56の高さHと実質的に等しくする。いったん所望の高さに達したら、ワイヤ62から付勢力が除去され、係合歯44及び56は、長手前方方向に内側コア50に対して外側リンケージスリーブ30のわずかな相対的運動を許容し、これにより、スリーブの外側歯34が隣接する椎骨24の内面をすりへらして、それによりスリーブ部分30A及び30Bを椎骨24の融合を促進する。
いったん歯44及び56がインターロックすると、内側コア50と外側スリーブ30との間の相対的運動は、ケーブル66への他の付勢力の適用が無くても、防止される。従って、外側スリーブ30に対する内側コア50の直動前方運動は、椎骨間インプラント20、又は外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bを、第1の高さを有する初期の又は弛緩した状態から、第1の高さに比べて大きい、第2の高さを有する第2の又は拡張した状態に拡張することを認識されたい。歯44及び56は、係合部材を提供し、いったん椎骨間インプラント20と、スリーブ外側部分30A及び30Bとが所望の拡張状態に達したならば、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bが互いに向けて接触するのを防止する。それぞれのリンク28係合面40及び54は、複数の対応する歯をそれぞれ具備するけれども、それぞれの係合面40及び54は、代わりに1又は複数の歯を備えても良いことを認識されたい。
手術中には、インプラント20は、初期状態において椎骨間空間22に挿入され、続いて、第2の拡張した状態へ拡張され、隣接する椎骨24を所望の垂直位置に当接させ及び位置決めし、椎骨間空間に所望の高さを達成させる。椎骨間インプラント20は、従って、椎骨間スペーサと称することができ、隣接する椎骨の間の椎骨間空間22を増加させて、所望の尾側から頭蓋側の高さにする。自己移植片又は置換骨は、望むならば、椎骨間空間22内のインプラント20のまわりに配置される。
図6に示すように、後部リンク28におけるコア本体52は、対応する外側スリーブ30に比べて実質的に長い長手方向長さを有するサイズになっていることを認識されたい。その結果、コア50は、インプラント20が初期の又は弛緩した状態にあるとき、オフセット距離“O”だけ、最も後方のリンク28のスリーブ30に対して、後方へ突出できる。オフセット距離Oは、事前に選択され、例えば、係合面44及び54の斜面及び外側スリーブ30の所望の拡張を基礎として定められ、いったんインプラント20が所望の最終的高さに達すると、図7に示すように、コア50の後面が、後部リンク28の外側スリーブ30の後面と実質的に面一になる。
さらに、図6は、前部リンケージ28のコア本体52における前端が、インプラント20が初期状態にあるとき、前部リンケージ28の外側スリーブ30における前端と実質的に面一であるように示している。従って、図7に示すように、インプラントが拡張状態にあるとき、前部リンケージ28のコア本体52の前端は、前部リンケージ28の外側スリーブ30の前端から前方へ延びている。しかしながら、前部リンケージ28のコア本体52の前端は、代わりに、前部リンケージ28の外側スリーブ30の前端に対して、インプラント20が初期状態にあるとき、オフセット距離Oと等しい距離だけ、窪んでいることを認識されたい。従って、インプラント20が拡張状態にあるとき、前部リンケージ28のコア本体52の前端は、前部リンケージ28の外側スリーブ30の前端と、実質的に面一になる。
次に、図8A乃至図8Cを参照すると、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、リテーナ部材を具備し、リテーナ部材は、1又は複数の、例えば、複数の帯84であって、リンク28に対して圧縮保持力を適用するように構成され、インプラント20が椎骨間空間22に挿入されて垂直な拡張状態に拡張したとき、インプラント20の構造的一体性を維持するのを助ける。特に、リンケージ26は、横方向に対向する横断スロット82を具備し、結合部材35を垂直に通って延在する。結合部材35は、横方向部分を具備し、横方向に延在する溝部86に延びて、隣接するリンク28の間に配置される。
金属製又は弾性体製の帯84は、横方向に対向するスロット82に通して挿入され、溝部86内に着座し、帯84は、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの脚部33を取り囲む。帯84は、終端部85A及び85Bを具備し、インターロックする舌部と溝部を形成する。従って、終端部85A及び85Bは、一緒にクリップされ、また、終端部は、一方のスロット82の内側に配置され、帯84が不用意に分離する可能性を減少させる。帯84は、圧縮力を適用することができ、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bを互いに対して及び内側コア50に対して付勢し、それにより、歯44及び56をそれらのインターロックされた態様に保持するのを助ける。帯84は、放射線透過性であって、移植手順中に、インプラント20の位置及び角度向きの指示を提供する。
次に、図9A及び図9Bを参照すると、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、リテーナ部材を具備し、他の実施形態に従って構築されている。特に、脚部33は、垂直に延びる横断スロットを形成していない。その代わりに、弾性体の帯88が、1又は複数のリンク82のまわりに引き伸ばされ、溝部86に挿入される。帯88の弾性は、圧縮力を適用し、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bを互いに対して、及び内側コア50に対して付勢し、それにより、歯44及び56をそれらのインターロック形態に保持するのを助ける。複数の帯88は、放射線透過性であって、移植手順中に、インプラント20の位置及び角度向きの指示を提供する。
次に、図10を参照すると、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントは、インプラントが拡張状態にあるとき、椎骨係合面32が前湾輪郭を形成するように構築される。図示の実施形態によれば、それぞれのリンク28の長手軸線L−Lに対する係合面40及び54における斜面Sは、リンク毎に変化する。従って、1つのリンクにおける対向する係合面40及び54は、隣接するリンクの対応して対向する係合面40及び54に対して、斜めであるか、又は平行ではない。例えば、長手軸線L−Lに対するそれぞれのリンク28におけるそれぞれの連結係合面40及び50の斜面は、後部リンクから前部リンク28へ向けた方向に沿って減少する傾斜度(magnitude)を有している。従って、所定のリンク28の相補的な係合面40及び54の斜面の傾斜度は、前方に配置されたリンク28に比べて大きく、後方に配置されたリンク28に比べて小さい。
従って、インプラント20が拡張すると、それぞれのリンク28における外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bは、異なる速度にて垂直に変位するようになる。図示の実施形態においては、外側スリーブの垂直変位の速度は、後部リンク28から前部リンク28へ向けた方向に減少する。もちろん、それぞれのリンクの係合面40及び50の傾斜は、代わりに、前部リンク28から後部リンク28に向けた方向に減少しても良く、垂直変位の速度は、前部リンク28から後部リンク28へ向けた方向に減少するのでも良いことを認識されたい。さらに変形例としては、中間リンク28は、前方及び後方に間隔を隔てたリンク28より大きい又は小さい速度にて拡張できる。
図10に示した実施形態においては、対向する外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの椎骨係合面32は、長手方向において、実質的に平坦でも良い。それぞれのリンク28の対向する椎骨係合面32の傾斜は、リンク毎に変更できる。従って、1つのリンクの椎骨係合面32は、隣接するリンクの係合面32に対して、斜めであるか、又は平行ではない。それぞれのリンク28の係合面32は、長手方向に対して角度の付いた斜面であり、他のリンクが長手方向に対して傾斜する係合面32の角度と異なるとも言うことができる。
所定のリンク28における外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの対向する係合面32は、長手軸線L−Lに対して等しくて反対になっている。図示の通り、リンク28の椎骨係合面32はそれぞれ、長手軸線L−Lに対して傾斜度を有する斜面を形成し、インプラント20が初期状態にあるとき、対応する係合面40及び50の傾斜が増加すると、リンクからリンクへ減少する。従って、図示の実施形態においては、リンク28の椎骨係合面32のそれぞれの斜面は、リンケージ26の前部端27からリンケージの後部端29に向けた方向に減少するような傾斜度を有する。所定のリンク28の対向する椎骨係合面32の斜面の傾斜度は、後方に配置されたリンク28に比べて大きく、前方に配置されたリンクに比べて小さい。変形例としては、それぞれのリンク28の対向する椎骨係合面32の斜面は、各リンクにおいて実質的に同一でも良い。
次に、図11を参照すると、上述した方法で、インプラントを初期状態から拡張状態へ動かすべく、内側コア50が外側スリーブ30に対して長手方向前方へ動くとき、リンク28は異なる速度にて拡張する。特に、所定のリンク28は、前方に配置されたリンクに比べて速い速度にて拡張し、後方に配置されたリンクに比べて遅い速度にて拡張する。その結果、椎骨間インプラント20が図11に示した拡張状態にあるとき、それぞれのリンク28の対向する外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bは、前方に配置されたリンクに比べて大きく、後方に配置されたリンクに比べて小さい距離だけ拡張する。従って、インプラント20は、椎骨係合面32を形成し、前部端27から後部端29へ向けた方向に、長手軸線L−Lに対して横断方向外方に傾斜している。さらに、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの椎骨係合面32は、リンケージ26の他のリンク28の椎骨係合面32と直線状になっており、それにより、椎骨24との信頼できる係合面を形成する。
図12A及び図12Bを参照すると、リンク28は、隣接するリンク間の垂直な相対的運動を許容するように結合されていることを認識されたい。従って、隣接するリンク28は、舌部と溝部のジョイント90などのジョイントによって結合される。ジョイント90は、隣接するリンク28の1つに取り付けられた、一対の第1の横方向に対向する係合部材92を具備している。係合部材92は、垂直に延び、それぞれベベル面94を具備し、これは、リンク28から離れる長手方向に沿って、横方向内方に傾斜している。他方の隣接するリンク28は、第2の横方向に細長い係合部材96を具備し、対向する係合部材92の間に横方向に延びている。係合部材は、垂直に延びて、横方向に対向したベベル面98を具備し、リンク28から長手方向に離れる方向に沿って、横方向外方に傾斜している。ベベル面94及び98は、互いに係合して、長手方向の分離に対して、隣接するリンクをインターロックし、一方、ベベル面94及び98に沿って相対的に垂直な運動を許容し、従って、隣接するリンク28の間に相対的に垂直な運動を許容する。リテーナ部材、例えば、帯88は、隣接するリンク28を分離する1又は複数の溝部86の中に挿入され、これは、隣接するリンク28を分離させ、上述したやり方で、使用中にリンケージ26の構造的完全性をさらに維持する。
代わりに又は加えて、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、図13に示した可撓性帯100などの補助リテーナを具備できる。帯100は、本体101を形成し、これは、略長手方向に延在し、一対の対向する終端部102を形成し、複数のリンク28のうち異なる1つの外側スリーブ部分30A又は30Bに結合される、それぞれ結合位置を形成する。終端部102は、外側スリーブ部分に対して蝶番結合を形成し、又は固定結合を形成し、帯100の可撓性によって、終端部102と、他の結合位置とを、本体101に対して回転させる。帯100は、任意の適当な機械的取付具を使用して、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bに固定される。
図示の実施形態においては、1つの帯100の終端部102は、長手方向に最も外側のリンク28における上側スリーブ部分30Aの横方向の外面に結合される。他の帯100の終端部102は、長手方向に最も外側のリンク28における下側スリーブ部分30Bの横方向外面に結合される。一対の実質的に同一である複数の帯が、上側及び下側のスリーブ部分30A及び30Bの対向する外側横面に結合される。従って、帯100は、帯の終端部102の間に配置されたすべてのリンク28に長手方向の圧縮力を提供する。変形例としては、帯100は、帯100の終端部102の間に配置された、1又は複数の、すべてまでのリンク28に結合される。
図10乃至図13は、1つの実施形態に従って前湾輪郭を提供するように構成された椎骨間インプラント20を示しており、前湾輪郭を創るために他の実施形態を提供できることを認識されたい。例えば、図13を参照すると、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの椎骨係合面32は、隣接するリンクにおける対応する外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの椎骨係合面32と整列される。従って、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30Aの椎骨係合面32は、互いに整列されて平行であり、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30Bの椎骨係合面32は、互いに整列されて平行になっている。さらに、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの係合面32は、長手軸線L−Lに対して傾斜している。図示の実施形態においては、係合面32は、斜面S1を形成し、これは、リンケージの前部端27からリンケージの後部端への方向に、長手軸線L−Lから横断方向外方へ向けて角度が付けられている。しかしながら、係合面32は、代わりに、リンケージ26の前部端27からリンケージの後部端へ向けた方向に長手軸線L−Lから横断方向に傾斜しても良いことを認識されたい。
さらに、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30Aの係合面40及び50は、他のリンク28の外側スリーブ部分30Aの係合面40及び50に対して整列され及び平行に延在する。同様に、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30Bの係合面40及び50は、他のリンク28の外側スリーブ部分30Bの係合面40及び50に対して整列され及び平行に延在する。従って、インプラントが図13に示した拡張状態に拡張すると、それぞれのリンク28は、他のリンクと同一の変位速度にて、横断方向外方へ変位し、また、椎骨係合面32は上述した前湾輪郭を維持する。
従って、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20は、横断方向に沿って拡張するように構成され、さらに、椎骨係合面32は、椎骨と係合したとき、前湾輪郭を形成するように構成できる。代わりに又は加えて、椎骨間インプラント20は、リンク28の椎骨係合面32が組み合わされて、非直線的形状、例えば、屈曲した凸面形状であって、長手方向の中間部分に対して横断方向内方に配置された、外側長手端部を有するものなどを形成するように構成される。
図15Aを参照すると、それぞれの外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bの脚部33における対向する軸線内面は、横方向に対向する、及び垂直に延在する、係合面110を形成し、これは、長手方向に細長く、内側係合面40と長手軸線との間に形成された横断角度に対して、上述したように任意の所望の角度だけ、長手軸線L−Lに対して横方向に傾斜している。従って、それぞれのスリーブ部分の係合面110は、リンケージ26の前部端27から後部端29へ向けた方向に沿って、長手軸線から横方向外方に傾斜している。これに関して、横方向に傾斜した係合面110は、横断方向に傾斜した係合面40に対して、上述したように構築できることを認識されたい。しかしながら、それぞれの外側環状スリーブの横断梁31は、横方向に沿って不連続であり、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bのそれぞれの脚部は、同一の外側スリーブ部分の他の脚部に対して、横方向に自由に動く。所定の外側スリーブ部分におけるそれぞれの脚部は、上述したやり方で、対向する外側スリーブ部分の脚部に対して、横断方向に自由に動く。
上側スリーブ部分30Aの係合面110は、他方に比べて大きい又は小さい角度を形成し、さらに、下側スリーブ部分30Bの係合面110に比べて大きい又は小さい角度を形成し、それにより、外側スリーブ30の1つの横面は、それぞれより高い又はより低い拡張速度にて、外側スリーブ30の他の側面に対して、横方向に拡張する。これに関して、内側係合面110の一方又は両方の長手軸線L−Lに対する角度は、ゼロでも良いが、一方、他の係合面110の長手軸線L−Lに対する角度は、ゼロではなく、それにより、外側スリーブの1つだけの側面が手術中に横方向に拡張することを認識されたい。
それぞれのリンク28の係合面110は、リンケージ26における他のリンク28の係合面110に対して、整列され及び平行に延びる。従って、それぞれのリンク28の外側スリーブ30は、前部端においては後部端に比べて大きく横方向に延在する。それぞれのリンク28はさらに、係合部材を具備し、これは、逆角度歯114の形態であって、係合面110から横方向内方へ突出している。横方向の歯114は、横断歯44を参照して、上述したやり方で構築される。
内側コア本体52は、上側及び下側のスリーブ30A及び30Bの係合面110に係合するように構成された、横方向の外側係合面124を形成する。内側コア本体52は、充分な距離だけ垂直に延び、それぞれの係合面124は、スリーブ30のそれぞれの側面にある一対の相補的な係合面110と係合する。係合面124は、長手軸線L−Lに対して横方向に傾斜し、従って、対応する係合面110に対して平行に延びている。横方向の係合面124は、横断係合面54に関連して上述したように構築される。内側コア50はさらに、逆角度歯126の形態である係合部材を具備し、これは、係合面124から横方向外方へ突出している。歯126のサイズ及び形状は、歯114に対して実質的に同一であり、歯114と嵌合するようになっている。歯126は、歯56に関して上述したやり方で、構築される。
図15Bに示すように、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bは、複数の帯84などのリテーナによって、上述したやり方で保持される。スロット82は、両方の対の対向する横方向の外側脚部33を通って垂直に延び、帯84は、スロット82の中に挿入され、上述したやり方で、溝部86に配置され、リンケージに圧縮保持力を適用し、それにより、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20の構造的な完全性を保証することを助ける。変形例としては、図15Dに示すように、リテーナは、弾性的な帯88として提供され、これは、上述したやり方で、溝部86に配置されて、横方向及び横断方向の圧縮固定力を適用する。
次に、図15A及び図15Cを参照すると、内側コア50が外側スリーブ30に対して前方方向へ移動すると、係合面40は、相補的な係合面54に沿って乗り上げて、歯44及び56は互いにカム越えし、それにより、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bが、上述したやり方で、互いに垂直に離れるように増加的に偏向する。さらに、係合面110は、相補的な係合面124に沿って乗り上げ、歯114及び126は互いにカム越えし、それにより、外側スリーブ30の横方向の外側部分は、第1の横方向に収縮した状態から、第2の横方向に拡張した状態へと、それぞれから横方向に離れるように、増加的に偏向する。係合面110及び124は、係合面40及び54の傾斜に比べて大きいか又は小さい傾斜度の斜面を有し、インプラント20は、インプラント20が横方向に拡張する速度に比べて、大きな速度又は低い速度にて垂直に拡張できることを認識されたい。
本願に開示された任意の実施形態に従って構築された、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント20のすべて又は一部を具備してなるキットが提供できることを認識されたい。例えば、キットは、拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントの1又は複数の構成要素を含むことができ、例えば、上側及び下側の外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bと、内側コア50と、帯84及び88と、複数のリンク28とを含み得る。様々なキットに含まれる1又は複数の構成要素は、サイズ及び/又は形状など、1又は複数の変化する特性を有することができる。例えば、第1のキットは、1又は複数の構成要素を有するように提供され、例えば、外側スリーブ部分30A及び30Bと、内側コア50と、帯84及び88と、複数のリンク28とであって、異なる拡張速度に適応すべく異なるサイズ又は形状を有し、異なる長手方向及び/又は横方向の長さ、及び異なる拡張の方向、例えば、横断拡張だけ又は横方向の拡張と組み合わせられる。所定のキットにおけるいくつかの構成要素によれば、インプラント20を上述したやり方で、前湾輪郭を作ることができ、一方、キット内の他の構成要素によれば、インプラントに水平上側及び下側の椎骨係合面を作ることができる。キットはさらに、以下に説明するように、挿入工具70の構成要素を具備する。
特に、図16A乃至図16Cを参照すると、挿入工具70は、椎骨間インプラント20と係合するために構成され、インプラント20は、椎骨間空間22の中に挿入され、次に、上述したやり方で、拡張する。いったん椎骨間インプラントが椎骨間空間に配置されると、挿入工具は、インプラントに付勢力を加える付勢部材を具備し、それにより、上述した任意のやり方で、インプラントを拡張させる。いったんインプラント20が、所望の拡張状態に達すると、挿入工具70は、インプラント20から係脱する。
挿入工具70は、内側環状保持スリーブ72と、内側環状保持スリーブ72の内側に延びる付勢部材64と、内側環状保持スリーブ72を受け入れる外側環状保持スリーブ74とを具備している。いったん保持部材70が、内側環状保持スリーブが内側コア50に当接し、外側環状保持スリーブ74が外側スリーブ30に当接するような位置へ移動すると、力F1はワイヤ66に適用され、インプラントを上述したやり方で拡張させる。
図17A乃至図17Cを参照すると、内側環状保持スリーブ72は、長手方向に細長い本体151を具備し、遠位端にはねじ付き係合面152を有し、外側環状保持スリーブ74に螺着されるように構成されている。内側環状保持スリーブ72は、フォーク状当接部材154を有する近位端を具備している。フォーク状当接部材154は、一対の間隔を隔てたプロング156を具備し、上述したやり方で内側コア50と当接するように構成されている。ワイヤ62は、従って、それぞれのリンク28の内側コア50を通って延び、プロング156の間にて、内側環状保持スリーブ72を通る。内側環状保持スリーブを延通するワイヤの自由端は、任意の適当な張力装置であって、椎骨間インプラント20を拡張させるのに充分な付勢力を適用するように構成されたものに結合される。
次に、図18A及び図18Bを参照すると、挿入工具70はさらに、角度付き部材158を具備し、これは、リンケージ26の前方端部127と、内側及び外側の保持スリーブ72及び74の近位端との間に結合される。角度付き部材158は、矩形ブロック159と、ブロック159に堅固に取り付けられた円筒形本体160と、ワイヤ66を受け入れるサイズの本体160を延通するボア162とを具備している。従って、ワイヤ66は、リンケージ56、円筒形本体160、及び内側スリーブ72を延通する。外側スリーブ73は、ボア164を形成し、長手方向に貫通して延在し、及び方向性ロッド166がボア164を延通する。方向性ロッド166は、近位端を形成し、これは、結合位置158にて、ブロック159にピボット式に結合され、円筒形本体160の横方向中心に対して、横方向にオフセットしている。
手術中には、矩形のブロック159は、内側コア50と当接し、方向性ロッド116は、長手方向に前方及び後方に動かすことができ、それにより、円筒形の本体160に内側及び外側のスリーブ72及び74の近位端に対して回転を引き起こす。円筒形本体160が回転すると、矩形のブロック159によって、椎骨間インプラントは、その角度向きを、横方向及び長手方向によって形成される水平面内において、変化させる。図示の通り、ロッド166が前方方向へ移動すると、椎骨間インプラント20は、時計まわり方向へピボットされ、一方、ロッド166が後方方向へ移動すると、インプラントは、反時計まわり方向へピボットする。もちろん、ロッド166は、代わりに、矩形のブロック159の位置に結合され、椎骨間インプラント20は、ロッドが後方へ動くとき、時計まわりにピボットし、ロッドが前方へ動くとき、反時計まわりにピボットしても良いことを認識されたい。
手術中には、ロッド166の長手方向位置は、椎骨間インプラント20を椎間板空間22の中に挿入する前に決定され、内側及び外側のスリーブ72及び74に対するインプラント20の角度向きが決定される。インプラント20の角度向きによって、インプラントは、前方から後方へのアプローチ又は後方から前方へのアプローチで体腔に挿入され、一方同時に、インプラントの向きを合わせ、インプラントが椎間板空間22の中に挿入されるとき、長手軸線Lが、前部及び後部の方向に対して所望の角度を形成するようにする。いったん椎骨間インプラント20が椎間板空間22の中に挿入されると、ワイヤ66は、長手方向前方へ移動されて、インプラント20を横断方向Tだけに拡張させ、又は横断方向Tと同時に横方向Aに拡張させる。さらに、インプラント20が、横断方向Tだけか、又は横断方向Tと同時に横方向Aか、のいずれかに拡張されると、対向する横断椎骨係合面32は、平坦で互いに平行を維持し、又は上述したやり方で椎骨24に前湾を回復させるように構成された、角度向きを定める。
最後に、図19A及び図19Bを参照すると、いったんインプラント20が椎骨間空間22に配置され、所望の拡張状態へ拡張すると、外側スリーブ72は、椎骨間インプラントとの係合から外れ、工具70における残りの部分は、横方向−横断方向平面LTに沿った切断線168に沿ってリンケージ26の前端から突出した、椎骨間本体50の部分を切り取ることで除去される。切断は、対向する方向から行われ、例えば、対向する位置にある往復動ブレードを使用して、ブレードが内側コア本体52とワイヤ66とを通して切断し、本体50をワイヤ66のまわりにかしめる。変形例としては、内側コア本体52は、任意の所望の方法にて切断でき、本体50及びワイヤ66が切断された後、別個のかしめ工具を使用して本体50をワイヤ66のまわりにかしめることができ、それにより、ワイヤを固定し、外科手術が完了した後に、ワイヤ66が不用意に除去されるのを防ぐ。
図示の実施形態に関連して説明された実施形態は、例証として提供されたものであり、従って、本発明は、開示された実施形態に限定する意図はない。さらに、上述したそれぞれの実施形態の構造及び特徴は、本願に開示された他の実施形態に適用することもできる。従って、当業者は認識するだろうが、本発明は、特許請求の範囲に定められた、本発明の精神及び範囲に、あらゆる改変及び変形による構成を包含することを意図している。

Claims (20)

  1. 拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントであって、椎間板空間の中に挿入可能で、初期の状態から拡張した状態へと拡張可能であり、この拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントが、
    長手方向に結合された複数のリンクを具備しているリンケージであって、それぞれのリンクが、
    外側スリーブであって、第1の外側スリーブ部分と、第1の外側スリーブ部分に対して可動である第2の外側スリーブ部分とを具備し、第2の外側スリーブ部分は、長手方向に対して傾斜した第1の係合面を形成している、上記外側スリーブと、
    内側コアであって、第1の外側スリーブ部分と第2の外側スリーブ部分との間に配置され、内側コアは、長手方向に対して傾斜して、第1の係合面に当接する第2の係合面を形成している、上記内側コアと、を備え、
    内側コアと第2の外側スリーブ部分との間の長手方向に沿った相対的運動によって、第1の係合面が第2の係合面に沿って乗り上げ、それにより、第2の外側スリーブ部分が、第1の外側スリーブ部分から、長手方向に対して実質的に垂直な方向へ向かって偏向する、
    ことを特徴とする拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  2. 外側スリーブと内側コアとは、係合部材を形成し、外側スリーブ部分が拡張状態へ拡張した後にインターロックし、それにより、外側スリーブ部分が互いに向けて引き締められるのを防止することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  3. 係合部材は、第1及び第2の係合面から互いに向けて延びる複数の突起部から構成され、突起部は互いにカム越えして、第2の外側スリーブ部分を、第1の外側スリーブ部分から増分的に離れるように偏向させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  4. 突起部は、逆角度歯を備えていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  5. 第1及び第2の係合部分は、長手方向に対して垂直角度を形成し、第2の外側スリーブ部分は、第1の外側スリーブ部分に対して垂直に延在していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  6. 第2の外側スリーブ部分は第3の係合面を形成し、内側コアは、第3の係合面に当接する第4の係合面を形成し、第3及び第4の係合面は、水平方向に対して横方向角度を形成し、内側コアと外側スリーブ部分との間の相対的運動によって、第2の外側スリーブ部分が、第1の外側スリーブ部分に対して横方向に拡張することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  7. 一方のリンクの第2の外側スリーブ部分における第1の係合面は、長手方向に対して第1の角度にて傾斜し、他方の1つのリンクの第2の外側スリーブ部分における第1の係合面は、長手方向に対して第2の角度にて傾斜し、第1の角度は第2の角度と異なっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  8. 対向する椎骨係合面を形成するそれぞれのリンクは、長手方向に対して傾斜して延在し、それぞれのリンクにおける椎骨係合面の角度は、他のリンクの椎骨係合面の角度とは異なっていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  9. 対向する椎骨係合面を形成するそれぞれのリンクは、長手方向に対して傾斜しており、それぞれのリンクにおける椎骨係合面は、それぞれに対して整列され及び平行に延在することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  10. 前記インプラントがさらに、内側コア部材に係合する付勢部材を備えると共に、外側スリーブ部分と係合するブレース部材を備え、付勢部材はブレース部材に対して可動であって、外側スリーブ部分に対して内側コア部材を移動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  11. 複数のリンクのうち隣接するものは、結合位置にて結合され拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントはさらに、結合位置に配置されたリテーナ帯を備え、結合されたリンクに圧縮保持力を適用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  12. 第1の外側スリーブ部分は、第3の係合面を形成し、内側コア部材は第3の係合面と当接する第4の係合面を形成し、内側コアと第1の外側スリーブ部分との間の長手方向に沿った相対的運動によって、第3の係合面は第4の係合面に沿って乗り上げ、それにより、第1の外側スリーブ部分が、第2の外側スリーブ部分から離れるように偏向することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  13. 第1及び第2の係合面は、互いに平行であり、第3及び第4の係合面は、互いに平行であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  14. リンクは、一体的に且つ堅固に、互いに結合されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  15. 拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントであって、椎間板空間の中に挿入され、初期の状態から拡張した状態へと拡張可能であり、この拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントが、
    長手方向に沿って延在する外側スリーブであって、外側スリーブは、第1の外側スリーブ部分と、第1の外側スリーブ部分に対して、長手方向に対して実質的に垂直である横断方向について可動である第2の外側スリーブ部分とを具備し、第1及び第2の外側スリーブ部分はそれぞれ、長手方向に対して傾斜している係合面を形成している、上記外側スリーブと、
    内側コアであって、外側スリーブ部分の間に配置され、内側コアは、一対の係合面を形成し、これらは、第1及び第2の外側スリーブ部分のそれぞれの係合面と嵌合し、内側コアと外側スリーブとの間の長手方向に沿った相対的運動が、第1及び第2の外側スリーブ部分を、内側コアの係合面に沿って互いに離すように偏向させる、上記内側コアと、
    を備えていることを特徴とする拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  16. 外側スリーブの係合面は、係合部材を備え、内側コアの係合面もまた係合部材を備え、及び内側コアの係合部材と嵌合する外側スリーブの係合部材は、第1及び第2の外側スリーブ部分が互いに向けて収縮するのを防止することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  17. 係合部材は、係合面から突出した、長手方向に間隔を隔てた歯から構成されることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  18. インターロック歯は、逆角度歯になっていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  19. 前記インプラントがさらに、内側コアを延通し内側コアに結合された付勢部材と、外側スリーブに係合するブレースとを備え、付勢部材は、内側コアに対して長手方向の力を加え、これにより、内側コアを外側スリーブに対して長手方向に移動させることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の拡張可能な椎骨間インプラント。
  20. 拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントのキットであって、このキットが、
    外側スリーブ部材であって、長手方向に沿って延在し、外側椎骨係合面と椎骨係合面に対して垂直に配置された内側係合面とを形成し、内側係合面は、長手方向に対して傾斜し、外側スリーブ部材は、第1の垂直位置に配置されている、上記外側スリーブ部材と、
    内側コアであって、長手方向に対して傾斜した係合面を呈するものを備え、内側コアの係合面は、外側スリーブ部材の内側係合面と嵌合し、外側スリーブ部材に対する内側コアの相対的運動によって、外側スリーブ部材が内側コアの係合面に沿って乗り上げ、第1の垂直位置とは異なる第2の垂直位置へ偏向する、上記内側コアと、
    を備えていることを特徴とする拡張可能な椎骨間インプラントのキット。
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