CN1177918A - 骨螺钉 - Google Patents
骨螺钉 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种骨螺钉,它具有一螺纹轴部分和一头部。它有一沿着螺纹轴部分纵向轴线延伸的纵向孔,和一朝着与头部相对的自由端张开的部分。将平行于纵轴延伸的狭缝设置于螺纹轴部分的这一部分。一膨胀杆件包括形成骨螺钉端部的顶部,以及与之相邻的延伸进纵向孔内的轴。螺纹轴部分在它的内壁上,相邻纵向孔张开部分处具有凹槽,以这样的方式将顶部拉进纵向孔,使得在顶部的圆周边缘与螺纹轴部分的凹槽配合,使拧进骨头内的骨螺钉未端膨胀。
Description
本发明涉及如权利要求1前序部分所述的骨螺钉。
可从DE 39 36 703 C2中知道这种骨螺钉。通过将一膨胀杆件插入螺钉的一纵向孔内,使这个骨螺钉螺纹轴的自由前端膨胀。一方面,这样的膨胀可作为一克服反向转动的安全装置,另一方面,可增强作用在骨材和螺钉螺纹间的紧固力。
必要的螺旋机构要求一最小的尺寸。
本发明的目的是提供一具有特别小的直径和防止反转的闭锁装置的骨螺钉,这个骨螺钉能在骨头中固定,并且被旋入骨头后,在第二操作步骤中,能以一精细的控制方法使它的顶端部分膨胀。
通过权利要求1所述的骨螺钉可实现这个目的。
在诸从属权利要求中界定了进一步的改进和发展。
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行说明。
在诸图中:
图1示出了骨螺钉的螺纹轴部分和头部;
图2示出了骨螺钉的膨胀杆件;
图3是处于装配状态的螺钉在未旋入前的局部剖面图;
图4是示出图3中骨螺钉顶端部分的局部放大剖面图;
图5是处于旋入状态时,骨螺钉前端膨胀时的局部剖面图;
图6是图5所示螺钉的膨胀前端的放大剖面图。
如图1至4所示,骨螺钉1具有一螺纹轴部分2,和一与它整体成形的头部3。螺纹轴部分2具有一外螺纹4,它与传统用于骨螺钉的外螺纹相同。正如图1中所特别示出的,一同轴线对准的纵向孔5贯穿骨螺钉的内部。
在骨螺钉头部3相对的自由端6处,形成有一同轴线的锥形凹进部分7,凹进部分7向自由端6张开。在螺纹轴部分2的壁内形成狭缝8,并且从自由端6向着头部3,平行于螺纹轴部分2的纵向轴线延伸。狭缝8的长度略超过螺纹轴部分2长度的一半。但是,狭缝的长度至少是锥形凹进部分7轴向长度的两倍。较可取的是,设置一对这样的狭缝,它们之间相互偏置180°。
在相邻于锥形凹进部分7的纵向孔5部分表面上具有基本是锯齿形的部分9。通过在螺纹轴部分的内壁上周边凹槽形成锯齿形部分9,因此,由凹槽形成的齿每一个都有一个齿面朝着头部3,有一个齿面朝着自由端6。当螺纹轴2处于未膨胀状态时,朝着头部3的齿面基本与螺纹轴部分的纵向轴线的垂直线对准,而朝着自由端6的齿面与纵向轴线有一尖角。锯齿形部分9的延伸长度超过螺旋长度,至少等于锥形凹进部分7的轴向长度。
头部3包括一沿着轴线方向,在相对于自由端6的一侧形成的凹槽10。形成凹槽10是为了通过使用这个凹槽及与之结合的一螺旋驱动器,能将骨螺钉1旋进骨头内。例如,凹槽具有六角形的,以配合六角形的螺旋驱动器。
一膨胀杆件20作为一系杆,包括有一杆状轴21,在它的端部形成有一顶部22。轴21的直径可使它能被引导进入骨螺钉的纵向孔5内,但仍可在其中作轴向移动。在轴向上,轴21的长度大于骨螺钉的长度,使得轴21插入螺钉后从头部3突出,并提供足够的工作表面以与使用的工具配合。顶部22,在它靠近轴21的一侧,有一具有锥形部分23的外壁,它是朝着轴21变细的,它被设计成能正向地装配进入锥形凹进部分7内的。在它远离轴21的侧面上,从而也是远离骨螺钉1头部3的侧面上,顶部22具有一端部24,以形成骨螺钉顶端部。端部24同样也是锥形的,朝着远离头部3侧面变细,端部24的自由端是圆的。围绕着它的中心轴线,顶部22具有一圆周边缘25,它的直径稍大于自由端6锥形凹进部分7的直径。边缘的形成是根据这样的事实,将与顶部22的锥形部分23邻接的端部24的直径小于锥形部分23的直径,因此形成了一个肩部。边缘25的尺寸使得它能在膨胀杆件放进螺纹轴部分,并向头部拉时,卡住锯齿形部分9的齿。
一适当的,用于螺旋进骨螺钉内的螺钉驱动器,包括有一用于放置膨胀杆件20的轴21的中间纵向孔。
在操作中,如图3、4所示,首先将轴21从螺纹轴部分的自由端6推入纵向孔5,直至其顶部22的锥形部分23抵靠在锥形凹进部分7内,并使骨螺钉具有普通端部24为止。轴21相对于端部24的尾端从螺钉的头部突出。现在,利用传统的方法使用螺钉驱动器,拧进螺钉。
如图5、6中特别示出的,当骨螺钉1已准确地定位后,向膨胀杆件20的轴21施加图5中箭头A所示方向的拉力,可使螺纹轴部分2的自由端膨胀。通过轴21自由部分与支撑在螺钉头部3中的一种铆钉定位器配合,可使拉力施加于轴21上。将顶部22拉进螺纹轴部分2的纵向孔5内,使得边缘25与部分9的齿锁紧。因此可用一精确控制的方式,使狭缝部分膨胀。当完成膨胀操作后,除去轴21的突出部分。
部分9可以不必是锯齿形。凹槽也可是具有曲面的齿。但重要的是,齿面的斜率必须使顶部22在膨胀状态时不会自行脱离凹槽。
Claims (8)
1.一种骨螺钉,包括:
一螺纹轴部分(2)和一头部(3);
一沿着螺纹轴部分(2)的纵向轴延伸的纵向孔(5);
相对于头部(3),朝着螺纹轴部分(2)的自由端(6)张开的纵向孔(5)的张开部分(7);
在螺纹轴部分(2)的张开部分(7)处形成的、并平行于纵向轴延伸的至少两狭缝(8);和
一膨胀杆件(20),它由构成骨螺钉端部的顶部(22)和贯穿纵向孔(5)的轴(21)所构成;
其特征在于,
在顶端(22)和螺纹轴部分(2)上具有一锁紧装置(9,25),以用来锁紧在螺纹轴部分(2)内的顶部(22)。
2.如权利要求1所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,锁紧装置由一在螺纹轴部分(2)内壁上的凹槽,以及设置在顶部(22)上用于卡住凹槽的突出物(25)构成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,膨胀杆件是以单件体的形式形成,在轴(21)的一端上形成顶部(22)。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一权项所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,朝着自由端(6)张开的纵向孔(5)的部分(7)基本是锥形的。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一权项所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,顶部(22)包括一朝着轴(21)变细,并且基本上是锥形的第一部分(23)和一与之相邻的第二部分(24),第二部分(24)朝着螺钉的顶端变细,锥形部分(23)正向地装配进纵向孔(5)的张开部分(27)。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,螺纹轴部分(2)在它的内壁上,相邻于张开部分(7)的位置处具有凹槽(9),并且,顶部(22)包括有一径向突出物(25),它在垂直于螺钉纵向轴的顶部直径最大的位置处与凹槽(9)配合。
7.如权利要求2至6中任一权项所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,突出物(25)是由一沿圆周设置在顶部(22)上的径向突出的边缘(25)。
8.如权利要求2至7中任一权项所述的骨螺钉,其特征在于,凹槽(9)是一锯齿形部分。
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CN 97190009 CN1177918A (zh) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-07 | 骨螺钉 |
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DE19607517.3 | 1996-02-28 | ||
CN 97190009 CN1177918A (zh) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-02-07 | 骨螺钉 |
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