CN104531671A - 设计核酸及其使用方法 - Google Patents

设计核酸及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN104531671A
CN104531671A CN201410798863.8A CN201410798863A CN104531671A CN 104531671 A CN104531671 A CN 104531671A CN 201410798863 A CN201410798863 A CN 201410798863A CN 104531671 A CN104531671 A CN 104531671A
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贾森·施伦
格雷戈里·J·西兹克维克兹
凯内齐·伊杰贝
萨伊达·尔巴施尔
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Abstract

本发明提供了递送生物物质(例如修饰的核酸)到细胞以调节蛋白质表达的组合物和方法。所述组合物和方法包括使用修饰的信使RNA,且可用于生产蛋白质。

Description

设计核酸及其使用方法
本申请是申请日为2011年10月3日,题为“设计核酸及其使用方法”的中国专利申请201180057555.4的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年10月1日提交的美国临时申请61/404,413的优先权,其公开的内容视为本申请公开内容的一部分(并在此通过引用而全文引入)。
背景技术
天然存在的RNA是由四种基本的核糖核苷酸ATP、CTP、UTP和GTP合成的,但也可以含有转录后修饰的核苷酸。而且,在RNA中已经鉴定出大约100种不同的核苷修饰(Rozenski,J,Crain,P,和McCloskey,J(1999)。RNA修饰数据库:1999年更新,Nucl Acids Res 27:196-197)。但是,在免疫刺激潜能和RNA翻译效率方面,核苷修饰所起的作用尚不明了。
影响蛋白质表达的现有方法学中存在许多问题。例如,引入细胞的异源DNA(不论异源DNA是否整合入染色体)可能由子代或后代细胞遗传。引入的DNA可以以某种频率整合入宿主细胞的基因组DNA,从而改变和/或破坏宿主细胞的基因组DNA。此外,在产生蛋白质之前必须经过多个步骤。一旦进入细胞,DNA必须转运到细胞核中,在细胞核内转录成RNA。之后从DNA转录的RNA必须进入细胞质,在细胞质内翻译成蛋白质。对多个处理步骤的需求导致了在感兴趣的蛋白质产生之前的时间延滞。此外,在细胞内实现DNA的表达存在困难;经常地,DNA进入细胞但没有表达,或者没有以合理的速度或浓度表达。将DNA引入诸如原代细胞或修饰的细胞系的细胞时,这可能尤其是个问题。
本领域需要解决核调节酸细胞内翻译的生物学模式。
除非另有解释,否则在本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语与本发明所属技术领域普通技术人员通常的理解具有相同的含义。尽管,类似于或等同于本文所述的方法和材料也可用于本发明的实施和检测,但在此描述了适合的方法与材料。材料、方法和实施例仅为示例性的,而非旨在限制。本发明其他特征可以自以下发明详述和权利要求明显看出。
发明简述
本文描述了生产蛋白质、多肽和肽的方法。例如,所述方法包括在所述感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽在细胞内产生(例如,翻译)的条件下,将编码感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽的核酸(例如,本文所述的修饰核酸)引入细胞(例如,人细胞)。在一些具体实施方式中,所述核酸包含一个或多个核苷修饰(例如,一个或多个本文所述的核苷修饰)。在一些具体实施方式中,所述核酸能逃脱该核酸所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应。在一些具体实施方式中,所述蛋白质、多肽或肽是本文所述的治疗性蛋白质。在一些具体实施方式中,所述蛋白质、多肽或肽包含一个或多个翻译后修饰(例如,人细胞中存在的翻译后修饰)。本文还描述了用以生产蛋白质的组合物和试剂盒。本文进一步描述了具有(例如,通过本文所述的方法产生的)改变的蛋白质水平的细胞和培养物。
一方面,本发明涉及在细胞内生产感兴趣的蛋白质(例如,异源蛋白质)的方法,所述方法包括步骤:(ⅰ)提供能进行蛋白质翻译的靶细胞;以及(ⅱ)在所述感兴趣的蛋白质在靶细胞内生产的条件下,向靶细胞内引入包含第一分离的核酸的组合物,所述第一分离的核酸包含编码感兴趣的蛋白质的可翻译区和核苷修饰。在一些实施方式中,所述方法进一步包括从细胞中充分纯化感兴趣的蛋白质的步骤。在一些实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是分泌蛋白。
另一方面,本发明涉及在细胞内生产感兴趣的蛋白质(例如,异源蛋白质)的方法,所述方法包括步骤:(ⅰ)提供能进行蛋白质翻译的靶细胞,以及(ⅱ)在所述感兴趣的蛋白质在细胞内产生的条件下,向靶细胞内引入组合物,所述组合物包含:(a)包含编码感兴趣的蛋白质的可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸;和(b)包含抑制性核酸的第二核酸。在一些实施方式中,所述方法进一步包括从细胞中充分纯化感兴趣的蛋白质的步骤。在一些具体实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是分泌蛋白。
一方面,本发明涉及提高细胞内感兴趣的重组表达蛋白质的产量的方法,包括步骤:(ⅰ)提供包含编码感兴趣的蛋白质的重组核酸的靶细胞;和(ⅱ)在效应蛋白(effector protein)在靶细胞内生产的条件下,向靶细胞引入含有第一分离的核酸的组合物,从而提高细胞内重组表达蛋白的产量,所述第一分离的核酸包含编码翻译效应蛋白的可翻译区和核苷修饰。
在一些具体实施方式中,所述靶细胞是哺乳动物细胞。在一些具体实施方式中,所述靶细胞是酵母细胞。在一些具体实施方式中,所述靶细胞是细菌细胞、昆虫细胞或植物细胞。在一些具体实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是分泌蛋白质。在一些具体实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是跨膜蛋白。在一些具体实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是抗体或其抗原结合片段。在一些具体实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是生长因子或细胞因子。在一些具体实施方式中,所述感兴趣的蛋白质是肽或肽类似物。在一些具体实施方式中,所述翻译效应蛋白是神经酰胺转移蛋白(CERT)。在一些具体实施方式中,在靶细胞中以有效提高重组表达蛋白质翻译效率的量翻译所述翻译效应蛋白。在一些具体实施方式中,在靶细胞中以有效减少细胞内除了重组表达蛋白质以外的蛋白质的翻译效率的量翻译所述翻译效应蛋白。在一些具体实施方式中,在靶细胞中以有效减少含有重组表达蛋白质的包涵体的形成的量翻译所述翻译效应蛋白。在一些具体实施方式中,在靶细胞中以有效减少细胞内重组表达蛋白质的降解的量翻译所述翻译效应蛋白。在一些具体实施方式中,在靶细胞中以有效增加重组表达蛋白质的分泌的量翻译所述翻译效应蛋白。
另一方面,本发明涉及用以改变靶细胞中感兴趣的蛋白质的水平的方法,所述方法包括步骤:(ⅰ)调节靶细胞内的至少一种翻译效应分子的活性;以及(ⅱ)培养所述细胞。在一些具体实施方式中,所述靶细胞不包含重组核酸。在一些具体实施方式中,所述方法进一步包括分离感兴趣的蛋白质的步骤。
另一方面,本发明涉及用以调整靶细胞内感兴趣的蛋白质水平的方法,包括步骤:ⅰ)调节靶细胞内至少一种翻译效应分子的活性,其中所述调节包括向靶细胞中引入含有编码翻译效应蛋白的可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸;以及ⅱ)培养所述细胞。
一方面,本发明涉及一种具有改变了的蛋白质水平的动物细胞(例如,哺乳动物细胞),其通过下述步骤产生:(ⅰ)向细胞内引入有效量的含有编码翻译效应蛋白的可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸;以及(ⅱ)培养所述细胞。在某些实施方式中,引入细胞的第一分离的核酸的有效量通过滴定由可翻译区翻译的蛋白质的预期量确定。
一方面,本发明涉及含有大量本发明所述细胞的高密度培养物。在一些具体实施方式中,所述培养包括分批补料过程。在一些具体实施方式中,所述培养包括连续给料过程。
一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的组合物,所述组合物包含含有可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸,以及适合第一核酸的可翻译区翻译的哺乳动物细胞,其中所述核酸显示出减少的由细胞核酸酶引起的降解。在一些具体实施方式中,所述哺乳动物细胞含有重组核酸。
另一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的组合物,所述组合物包含:(ⅰ)含有可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸,其中所述核酸显示出减少的由细胞核酸酶引起的降解;(ⅱ)含有抑制性核酸的第二核酸;以及(ⅲ)适合第一核酸的可翻译区翻译的哺乳动物细胞,其中所述哺乳动物细胞含有能与抑制性核酸反应的目标核酸。在一些具体实施方式中,所述哺乳动物细胞含有重组核酸。
一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括包含可翻译区和核酸修饰的第一分离的核酸,及其包装和说明书,其中所述核酸能逃脱所述第一分离的核酸所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应。
另一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括:(ⅰ)以引入靶细胞时有效产生预期量的由可翻译区编码的蛋白质的量提供的,含有可翻译区的第一分离的核酸;(ⅱ)以有效地基本抑制细胞天然免疫反应的量提供的含有抑制性核酸的第二核酸;以及(ⅲ)其包装和说明书。
另一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括含有可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸,及其包装和说明书,其中所述核酸显示出减少的由细胞核酸酶引起的降解。
一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括含有可翻译区和至少二个不同核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸,及其包装和说明书,其中所述核酸显示出减少的由细胞核酸酶引起的降解。
另一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括:(ⅰ)含有可翻译区的第一分离的核酸;(ⅱ)含有抑制性核酸的第二核酸;以及(ⅲ)其包装和说明书。
另一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括:(ⅰ)含有可翻译区和至少一个核苷修饰的第一分离的核酸,其中所述核酸显示出减少的由细胞核酸酶引起的降解;(ⅱ)含有抑制性核酸的第二核酸;以及(ⅲ)其包装和说明书。
一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,包括编码可翻译区的第一分离的核酸,以及其包装和说明书,其中可翻译区编码蛋白质,其中所述第一核酸含有核酸修饰,其中所述第一核酸与不含核酸修饰的核酸相比,在所述第一分离的核酸所引入的细胞中的降解显示出减少。
另一方面,本发明涉及用于蛋白质生产的试剂盒,包括编码可翻译区的第一分离的核酸,以及其包装和说明书,其中可翻译区编码蛋白质,其中所述第一核酸含有核酸修饰,其中所述第一核酸与不含核酸修饰的核酸相比,在所述第一分离的核酸所引入的细胞中显示出更稳定。
一方面,本发明涉及用于免疫球蛋白生产的试剂盒,包括第一分离的核酸,以及包装和说明书,其中所述第一分离的核酸包含:ⅰ)编码免疫球蛋白的可翻译区和ⅱ)核酸修饰,其中所述第一核酸能逃脱所述第一分离的核酸所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应,其中所述可翻译区基本不含胞苷和尿嘧啶核苷酸。
另一方面,本发明涉及通过使用上述试剂盒产生的哺乳动物细胞。
另一方面,本发明涉及自含有第一分离的核酸的生产细胞产生的分离的免疫球蛋白,所述第一分离的核酸含有ⅰ)编码免疫球蛋白的可翻译区和ⅱ)核酸修饰,其中所述第一分离的核酸能逃脱所述细胞的天然免疫反应,其中所述可翻译区基本不含胞苷或尿嘧啶核苷酸或胞苷和尿嘧啶核苷酸的组合。
一方面,本发明涉及含有有效量的本文所述蛋白质的药物制剂。
另一方面,本发明涉及含有有效量的第一核酸的药物制剂,所述第一核酸含有ⅰ)编码免疫球蛋白的可翻译区和ⅱ)核酸修饰,其中所述第一核酸显示出减少的由细胞核酸酶引起的降解且能逃脱所述第一核酸所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应,其中所述可翻译区基本不含胞苷和尿嘧啶核苷酸。
前述方法、细胞、培养物、组合物、制剂和试剂盒的具体实施方式可以包含一个或多个以下特征:
在一些具体实施方式中,所述第一分离的核酸包括信使RNA(mRNA)。在一些具体实施方式中,所述mRNA包括选自以下组成组的至少一个核苷:嘧啶-4-酮核苷、5-氮-尿苷、2-硫-5-氮-尿苷、2-硫代尿苷、4-硫-假尿苷、2-硫-假尿苷、5-羟基尿苷、3-甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基-尿苷、1-羧甲基-假尿苷、5-炔丙基-尿苷、1-炔丙基-假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基尿苷、1-牛磺酸甲基-假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基-2-硫-尿苷、1-牛磺酸甲基-4-硫-尿苷、5-甲基-尿苷、1-甲基-假尿苷、4-硫-1-甲基-假尿苷、2-硫-1-甲基-假尿苷、1-甲基-1-去氮-假尿苷、2-硫-1-甲基-1-去氮-假尿苷、二氢尿苷、二氢假尿苷、2-硫-二氢尿苷、2-硫-二氢假尿苷、2-甲氧基尿苷、2-甲氧基-4-硫-尿苷、4-甲氧基-假尿苷和4-甲氧基-2-硫-假尿苷。在一些具体实施方式中,所述mRNA包括选自以下组成组的至少一个核苷:5-氮-胞苷、伪异胞苷、3-甲基-胞苷、N4-乙酰基胞苷、5-甲酰基基胞苷、N4-甲基胞苷、5-羟甲基胞苷、1-甲基-伪异胞苷、吡咯并胞苷、吡咯并伪异胞苷、2-硫-胞苷、2-硫-5-甲基-胞苷、4-硫-伪异胞苷、4-硫-1-甲基-伪异胞苷、4-硫-1-甲基-1-去氮-伪异胞苷、1-甲基-1-去氮-伪异胞苷、zebularine、5-氮-zebularine、5-甲基-zebularine、5-氮-2-硫-zebularine、2-硫-zebularine、2-甲氧基-胞苷、2-甲氧基-5-甲基-胞苷、4-甲氧基-伪异胞苷和4-甲氧基-1-甲基-伪异胞苷。在一些具体实施方式中,所述mRNA包括选自以下组成组的至少一个核苷:2-氨基嘌呤、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-腺嘌呤、7-去氮-8-氮-腺嘌呤、7-去氮-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-8-氮-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-8-氮-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、1-甲基腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷、N6-异戊烯基腺苷、N6-(顺式羟基异戊烯基)腺苷、2-甲硫基-N6-(顺式羟基异戊烯基)腺苷、N6-甘氨酰氨基甲酰腺苷、N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰腺苷、2-甲硫基-N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰腺苷、N6,N6-二甲基腺苷、7-甲基腺嘌呤、2-甲硫基-腺嘌呤、和2-甲氧基-腺嘌呤。在一些具体实施方式中,mRNA包括选自以下组成组的至少一个核苷:肌苷、1-甲基-肌苷、丫苷、怀丁苷(wybutosine)、7-去氮-鸟苷、7-去氮-8-氮-鸟苷、6-硫-鸟苷、6-硫-7-去氮-鸟苷、6-硫-7-去氮-8-氮-鸟苷、7-甲基-鸟苷、6-硫-7-甲基-鸟苷、7-甲基肌苷、6-甲氧基鸟苷、1-甲基鸟苷、N2-甲基鸟苷、N2,N2-二甲基鸟苷、8-氧-鸟苷、7-甲基-8-氧-鸟苷、1-甲基-6-硫-鸟苷、N2-甲基-6-硫-鸟苷和N2,N2-二甲基-6-硫-鸟苷。
附图说明
图1描述了用编码人G-CSF的modRNA体外转染中国仓鼠卵巢后12和24小时测量的人G-CSF酶联免疫实验(ELISA)的条形图。
图2描述了用编码曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)的modRNA的重链和轻链体外转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞后12、24和36小时的人IgG的酶联免疫实验(ELISA)的条形图。
图3描述了用编码曲妥珠单抗的modRNA的重链和轻链体外转染人胚肾细胞(HEK293)后36小时测量的人IgG的酶联免疫实验(ELISA)的条形图。R1、R2、R3是在24孔板中进行的三次转染实验且通过未处理样品校正。
图4描述了用编码曲妥珠单抗的modRNA的重链和轻链体外转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞后24小时测定的western blot图像。HC和LC分别表示曲妥珠单抗的重链和轻链。
图5描述了用编码曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗(Rituximab)两者的modRNA的重链和轻链体外转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞后13小时的细胞免疫染色的图像。
图6描述了编码曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗的modRNA的结合免疫印迹实验的图像。黑框表示感兴趣的蛋白。
发明详述
本文描述了生产蛋白质、多肽和肽的方法。本发明至少部分地提供了在细胞内生产感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽(例如,异源蛋白质)的方法,提高细胞内感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽(例如,重组表达蛋白质)的产量的方法,以及改变细胞内感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽的水平的方法。例如,所述方法可以包括在所述感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽在细胞内生产(例如,翻译)的条件下,将编码感兴趣的蛋白质、多肽或肽的核酸(例如,本文所述的修饰核酸)引入细胞(例如,人细胞)的步骤。在一些具体实施方式中,所述核酸含有一个或多个核苷修饰(例如,本文所述的一个或多个核苷修饰)。在一些具体实施方式中,所述核酸包括一个或多个核苷修饰(例如,一个或多个本文所述的核苷修饰)。在一些具体实施方式中,所述核酸能逃脱所述核酸所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应,从而提高细胞内蛋白生产效率。在一些具体实施方式中,所述蛋白质是本文所述的治疗性蛋白质。在一些具体实施方式中,所述蛋白质含有一个或多个翻译后修饰(例如,存在于人类细胞中的翻译后修饰)。本文还描述了用于蛋白质生产的组合物和试剂盒。本文进一步描述了具有(例如,通过本文所述方法产生的)改变的蛋白质水平的细胞和培养物。
通常,引入细胞内的外源核酸(特别是病毒核酸)引起天然免疫反应,从而导致产生干扰素(IFN)和细胞死亡。尽管如此,对于重组蛋白质的生产,人们仍感兴趣于将核酸(例如核糖核酸(RNA))递送入细胞(例如,在细胞培养物中、在体外、在体内或离体)从而在细胞内翻译该核酸和生产编码的蛋白质。本文部分地提供了编码能调节细胞功能和/或活性的有用的多肽的核酸,以及制备和使用这些核酸和多肽的方法。如本文所述,这些核酸能减少其所引入的细胞群的天然免疫活性,因而提高蛋白质在该细胞群中的生产效率。进一步地,本文描述了本发明所述核酸和蛋白质的一个或多个额外的有利活性和/或性质。
蛋白质生产方法
本文提供的方法可用于提高细胞培养过程中蛋白质产物的产量。相对于相应的未修饰核酸,在含有大量宿主细胞的细胞培养物中,本文所述的修饰的mRNA的引入导致蛋白质生产效率提高。例如通过表现出细胞转染的增加、自所述核酸翻译的蛋白质的增加、核酸降解的减少和/或所述宿主细胞天然免疫反应的减少,可以证明蛋白质生产效率的这种提高。可以通过ELISA测定蛋白质的生产,可以通过本领域已知的多种功能试验测定蛋白质活性。可以在连续补料或分批补料的过程中产生所述蛋白质产物。
细胞培养和生长
在本发明的方法中,培养细胞。细胞可以悬浮培养或贴壁培养。细胞可以在多种容器(包括,例如生物反应器、细胞袋、摇袋(wave bag)、培养皿、烧瓶、超级烧瓶(hyperflasks)和其他本领域普通技术人员已知的容器)中培养。细胞可以在IMDM(Invitrogen,目录编号12440-53)或包括化学上确定的培养基配方在内的任意其他合适的培养基中培养。对本领域普通技术人员而言,适合细胞培养的周围环境条件(例如温度和大气组成)是熟知的。本发明的方法可用于任何适于在蛋白质生产中使用的细胞。一个具体实施方式中,所述细胞选自由动物细胞(例如,哺乳动物细胞)、细菌细胞、植物、微生物、藻类和真菌细胞组成的组。在一些具体实施方式中,所述细胞是哺乳动物细胞,例如人类、小鼠、大鼠、山羊、马、兔、仓鼠或牛细胞。例如,所述细胞可以来自任何已建立的细胞系,包括但不限于HeLa、NS0、SP2/0、HEK 293T、Vero、Caco、Caco-2、MDCK、COS-1、COS-7、K562、Jurkat、CHO-K1、DG44、CHOK1SV、CHO-S、Huvec、CV-1、HuH-7、NIH3T3、HEK293、293、A549、HepG2、IMR-90、MCF-7、U-20S、Per.C6、SF9、SF21或中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)。某些具体实施方式中,所述细胞是真菌细胞,例如选自由黄孢菌(Chrysosporium)细胞、曲霉(Aspergillus)细胞、木霉(Trichoderma)细胞、网柱黏菌(Dictyostelium)细胞、假丝酵母(Candida)细胞、酵母(Saccharomyces)细胞、粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces)细胞和青霉(Penicillium)细胞组成的组的细胞。在某些其他具体实施方式中,所述细胞是细菌细胞,例如大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌或BL21细胞。用于本方法转染的初级和次级细胞可以自多种组织获得,且包括所有能在培养中维持的细胞种类。例如,通过本方法转染的初级和次级细胞可以包括成纤维细胞、角化细胞、上皮细胞(例如,乳腺上皮细胞、肠上皮细胞)、内皮细胞、神经胶质细胞、神经细胞、血液组成成分(例如,淋巴细胞、骨髓细胞)、肌肉细胞和上述体细胞种类的前体细胞。初级细胞可以自同一物种或另一物种供体(例如,小鼠、大鼠、兔、猫、狗、猪、牛、鸟、绵羊、山羊、马)获得。
本发明的细胞可用于能纯化和通过常规给药方式递送的治疗性产品的体外生产。无论是否扩大,这些细胞均能用于收获细胞内或细胞外蛋白质产物的大规模培养。
细胞核酸递送的方法
本发明的方法增强了核酸在体内、离体或在培养物中向细胞群中的递送。例如,将包含大量宿主细胞(例如真核细胞,例如酵母或哺乳动物细胞)的细胞培养物与含有增强的核酸的组合物相接触,所述增强的核酸具有至少一个核苷修饰和任选的可翻译区。所述组合物还通常含有转染试剂或其他提高增强的核酸向宿主细胞中的摄取效率的化合物。相对于相应的未修饰核酸,所述增强的核酸在细胞群中显示出增强的保留能力。所述增强的核酸的保留能力比未修饰核酸的保留能力高。在一些具体实施方式中,比未修饰的核酸的保留能力至少高50%、75%、90%、95%、100%、150%、200%或超过200%。这种保留能力的优势可以通过用增强的核酸进行一轮转染获得或者通过后续多轮重复转染获得。
向细胞中引入修饰的或瞬时的RNA用于蛋白质生产
瞬时转染的细胞可通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的转染、电穿孔、阳离子介质、聚合物或基于脂质的递送分子的方法产生。如果合适,可以在传统分批式步骤或连续流加(continuous flow through)步骤中,将所述修饰的瞬时RNA引入培养的细胞中。本发明的方法和组合物可用于制备具有提高的一个或多个感兴趣蛋白质产量的细胞。可以用一个或多个RNA转染细胞或者将其引入细胞。可以用二个或更多个RNA构建体同时或相继转染细胞。在某些具体实施方式中,可以多次使用本文所述方法以获得具有提高的一个或多个感兴趣的RNA或蛋白质的表达的细胞。例如,可以使用一个或多个编码感兴趣的RNA或蛋白质的RNA构建体转染细胞,并按照本文所述方法进行分离。所述分离的细胞可以随后进一步地用于一个或多个编码感兴趣的RNA或蛋白质的其他RNA转染并再次分离。例如,所述方法可用于产生细胞,所述细胞在相同或相关生物学途径中的蛋白质复合物、RNA或蛋白质,彼此作为上下游的RNA或蛋白质,彼此具有调节、激活或抑制功能的RNA或蛋白质,依赖彼此功能或活性的RNA或蛋白质,同源(例如,序列、结构或功能同源)的RNA或蛋白质的表达提高。例如,该方法可用于产生免疫球蛋白(例如,IgA、IgD、IgE、IgF和IgM)的轻链和重链或其抗原结合片段的表达提高的细胞系。所述免疫球蛋白可以是全人的、人源化的或嵌合的免疫球蛋白。转染入本发明的细胞的RNA可以包括编码感兴趣的蛋白质的RNA序列。可按照本文所述方法生产任意蛋白质。可按照本发明所述方法生产的蛋白质的实例包括但不限于,肽激素(例如,胰岛素)、糖蛋白激素(例如,促红细胞生成素)、抗生素、细胞因子、酶、疫苗(例如,HIV疫苗,HPV疫苗、HBV疫苗)、抗癌治疗剂(例如,Muc 1)和治疗性抗体。在个别具体实施方式中,所述RNA编码免疫球蛋白或其抗原结合片段,例如免疫球蛋白的重链、免疫球蛋白的轻链、单链Fv、抗体片段(例如Fab、Fab’或(Fab’)2)或免疫球蛋白抗原结合片段。在特定具体实施方式中,所述RNA编码促红细胞生成素。在另一特定具体实施方式中,所述RNA编码一个或多个结合细胞表面受体(表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、HER2或c-ErbB-1)且任选地拮抗或激活细胞表面受体的免疫球蛋白或其片段,例如ErbituxTM(cetuximab)。
蛋白质的分离或纯化
本文所述方法可以进一步包括分离或纯化通过本文所述方法制备的蛋白质、多肽或肽的步骤。本领域普通技术人员可以容易地确定从培养的细胞中纯化或分离感兴趣的蛋白质的合适方式。通常,通过采用亲和结合的捕获方法或非亲和纯化而进行。如果感兴趣的蛋白质不被培养的细胞分泌,则在前述纯化或分离之前裂解培养的细胞。可以使用包含感兴趣的蛋白质、细胞培养基成分和细胞培养添加成分(例如本发明中的消泡化合物和其他营养和补充物、细胞、细胞碎片、宿主细胞蛋白质、DNA、病毒等等)不明的细胞培养液体。此外,如果希望的话,该过程本身可以在生物反应器内进行。可以将所述液体预处理至期望的促进因素,例如pH、温度或其他促进因素,或者可以在加入聚合物后对液体进行处理,或者可以将聚合物加入到载液(carrier liquid)中,所述载液被正确处理至促进条件所需的参数,而所述促进条件是待溶解至液体中的聚合物所需的。多聚物使得与所述液体完全流转,而后施加促进因素(改变pH、温度、盐浓度等等),目标蛋白质和多聚物从溶液中沉淀出来。将多聚物和目标蛋白质从液体剩余部分分离并任选地洗涤一次或多次以去除任何粘合的或松散结合的杂质。随后通过例如洗提等自多聚物回收所述目标蛋白质。一般,在一系列的条件下完成所述洗提,从而使聚合物保持其固体(沉淀)形式,并且在期望蛋白质的选择性洗提过程中保留其任意杂质。或者,可以将聚合物和蛋白质以及任意杂质溶解在新的液体(例如水或缓冲液)中,并且通过与多聚物或杂质相比,对蛋白质更具偏爱性和选择性的方式,例如亲和、离子交换、疏水或其他种类的层析方法回收所述蛋白质。随后回收所洗提的蛋白质,并且如果需要对其进行额外的加工步骤,或者传统的分批式步骤或者连续流加步骤(如果合适)。
此外,优化特定多肽在可能感兴趣的细胞系或细胞系集中的表达是有用的,尤其是工程化蛋白,例如具有已知活性的对照蛋白的蛋白变体。在一种具体实施方式中,提供了通过提供多种靶细胞种类,并且使所述多种靶细胞种类的每一种均独立地与编码工程化多肽的修饰mRNA接触,而优化工程化蛋白质在靶细胞中的表达的方法。此外,可以改变培养条件以提高蛋白质生产效率。随后,检测和/或量化多种靶细胞类型中工程化多肽的存在和/或水平,使得可以通过选择有效的靶细胞和与之相关的细胞培养条件而对工程化多肽的表达进行优化。特别地,当工程化多肽包含一个或多个翻译后修饰或具有实质的三级结构或常使蛋白质高效生产复杂化的条件时,此类方法尤其有用。
“感兴趣的蛋白”或“目标蛋白”包括在本文提供的蛋白及其片段、突变体、变体及改变。特别地,目标蛋白/多肽或感兴趣的蛋白的实例为,但不限于,胰岛素,胰岛素样生长因子,人生长激素(hGH),组织纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA),细胞因子,例如白介素(IL),例如IL-1、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18,干扰素(IFN)α、IFNβ、IFNγ、IFNΩ或IFNτ,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),例如TNFα和TNFβ、TNFγ,TNF相关细胞凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL);粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF),粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF),单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。还包括促红细胞生成素或其他激素生长因子的生产。按照本发明的方法还可以有利地用于生产抗体或其片段。所述片段包括,例如,Fab片段(抗原结合片段)。Fab片段是由通过相邻恒定区连在一起的双链可变区组成的,其可以通过蛋白酶(例如木瓜蛋白酶)消化常规抗体而形成,但是相似的Fab片段也同时会通过遗传工程产生。其他的抗体片段包括F(ab’)2片段,可通过胃蛋白酶酶解制备。
一般而言,感兴趣的蛋白是作为分泌多肽自培养基中回收的,或者,如果没有分泌性信号表达,则可从宿主细胞裂解物中回收。需要采用可以获得基本上均一的感兴趣蛋白质制备物的方式自其他重组蛋白质和宿主细胞蛋白质中纯化感兴趣的蛋白质。作为第一步,自培养基或裂解物中移除细胞和/或粒状细胞碎片。随后,通过例如免疫亲合或离子交换柱分级、醇沉淀、反相HPLC、Sephadex色谱、硅石色谱或诸如DEAE的阳离子交换树脂色谱,自可溶性蛋白、多肽和核酸杂质中纯化感兴趣的产物。通常,教导本领域技术人员如何纯化宿主细胞表达的异源蛋白质的方法是本领域已知的。所述方法例如描述在(Harris and ngal,Protein Purification Methods:A Practical Approach,Oxford University Press,1995)或(Robert Scopes,ProteinPurification:Principles and Practice,Springer,1988)中。
本发明的方法促进了核酸向体内、离体或培养物中细胞群的递送。例如,将包含大量宿主细胞(例如,真核细胞,如酵母或哺乳动物细胞)的细胞培养物与含有增强的核酸的组合物接触,所述增强的核酸具有至少一个核苷修饰以及任选的可翻译区。所述组合物通常还包含转染试剂或其他提高增强的核酸向宿主细胞的摄入效率的化合物。与相应未修饰核酸相比,所述增强的核酸在细胞群中显示出增强的保留能力。所述增强的核酸的保留能力比未修饰的核酸的保留能力高。在一些具体实施方式中,比未修饰核酸的保留能力至少高约50%、75%、90%、95%、100%、150%、200%或超过200%。这样的保留能力优势可以通过使用增强的核酸进行一轮转染获得,或者可以通过后续多轮重复转染获得。
在一些具体实施方式中,增强的核酸与一个或多个其他核酸被递送到靶细胞群。这种递送可以同时进行,或者在递送一个或多个其他核酸之前递送增强的核酸。所述其他一个或多个核酸可以是修饰的核酸或未修饰的核酸。应该理解,起始存在的增强的核酸基本上不诱导细胞群的天然免疫反应,并且随后存在的未修饰的核酸也不会激活天然免疫反应。因此,如果期望在靶细胞群中存在的蛋白质由未修饰的核酸翻译,则增强的核酸自身可以不含可翻译区。
拮抗蛋白的表达
本文所述方法和组合物可用于制备能削弱或阻止哺乳动物受试者的内源性激动生物反应和/或拮抗受体或信号转导分子的蛋白质。例如,IL-12和IL-23受体信号转导在慢性自体免疫病(例如多发性硬化)和炎性疾病(例如类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、红斑狼疮、强直性脊柱炎和克罗恩氏病)中增强(Kikly K,Liu L,Na S SedgwickJD(2006)Curr.Opin.Immunol.第18卷第6期,第670–5页)。另一具体实施方式中,核酸编码针对趋化因子受体的拮抗剂。趋化因子受体CXCR-4和CCR-5是HIV进入宿主细胞所需的(Arenzana-Seisdedos F等,(1996)Nature,3月10日;第383卷第6599期,第400页)。
靶物质(moiety)。本发明的具体实施方式中,提供修饰的核酸以表达蛋白质结合伴侣或位于细胞表面的的受体,所述受体的功能是在体内或体外将细胞靶向特定组织空间或者使其与特定物质反应。合适的蛋白质结合伴侣包括抗体及其功能片段、支架蛋白质或肽。此外,修饰的核酸可用于指导脂类、糖类或其他生物物质的合成和细胞外定位。
永久性基因表达沉默。在哺乳动物受试者中通过表观遗传学沉默基因表达的方法,该方法包括核酸,所述核酸的可翻译区编码一种或多种多肽,所述多肽能够指导序列特异性组蛋白H3甲基化,从而起始异染色质的形成并且减少特定基因周围的基因转录,实现沉默基因的目的。例如,酪氨酸激酶2基因的功能获得性突变是骨髓增生疾病家族的原因。
机理详情。裂殖酵母需要2个RNAi复合体用于siRNA介导的异染色质装配:RNA诱导的转录沉默(RITS)复合体和RNA引导的RNA聚合酶复合体(RDRC)(Motamedi等,Cell,2004年,119,第789-802页)。裂殖酵母中,RITX复合体包括siRNA结合Argonaute家族蛋白Ago1,染色质结构域蛋白质Chp1和Tas3。裂殖酵母RDRC复合体由RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶Rdp1、推定的RNA螺旋酶Hrr1和polyA聚合酶家族蛋白Cid12组成。这两种复合物需要Dicer核糖核酸酶和Clr4组蛋白H3甲基转移酶才能有活性。同时,Ago1与siRNA分子(Dicer介导的对Rdp1共转录产生的dsRNA转录本进行切割而产生)结合并且允许Chp1、Tas3、Hrr1和Clr4与DNA区域序列特异性直接结合,所述DNA区域必定用于甲基化和组蛋白修饰并随后包装成转录水平沉默的异染色质。虽然该机制与DNA着丝粒区域顺式发挥作用,但通过针对DNA特定区域的双链siRNA的共转染和杂RNAi引导的siRNA核糖核酸酶Eri1沉默使序列特异性反式沉默成为可能(Buhler等.Cell 2006,125,873-886)。
制备多肽变体
本文所述方法和组合物可用于制备多肽变体。本文提供了编码与对照多肽序列具有一定同一性的变体多肽的核酸。术语“同一性”如本领域所知,是指通过比较序列而测定的两条或更多多肽序列之间的相互关系。在本领域,“同一性”还表示通过两条或更多氨基酸残基链之间的匹配数量而测定的肽之间的序列相关性。“同一性”测定两条或更多序列的较小者之间相同匹配的百分数,其以特定的数学模型或计算机程序(例如,“运算法则”)解决缺口序列(若有的话)。通过已知方法可以容易地计算相关肽的同一性。这样的方法包括,但不限于,Computational Molecular Biology,Lesk,A.M.,ed.,Oxford University Press,New York,1988;Biocomputing:Informatics and Genome Projects,Smith,D.W.,ed.,Academic Press,New York,1993;Computer Analysis of Sequence Data,Part 1,Griffin,A.M.,and Griffin,H.G.,eds.,Humana Press,New Jersey,1994;Sequence Analysis in MolecularBiology,von Heinje,G.,Academic Press,1987;Sequence Analysis Primer,Gribskov,M.and Devereux,J.,eds.,M.Stockton Press,New York,1991;andCarillo et al.,SIAM J.Applied Math.48,1073(1988)。
在一些具体实施方式中,多肽变体与对照多肽具有相同或相似活性。或者,变体具有相对于对照多肽的改变的活性(例如,增加或降低)。通常,当通过本文所述的和本领域技术人员已知的序列比对程序以及参数测定时,本发明的特定多核苷酸或多肽的变体与特定对照多核苷酸或多肽相比,具有至少大约40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或更高的序列同一性。
如本领域技术人员所知,蛋白质片段、功能性蛋白质结构域和同源蛋白质也被认为是落入本发明的范围。例如,本文提供了对照蛋白质的任意蛋白质片段(表示比对照多肽序列短至少一个氨基酸残基的多肽序列,但其他部分相同),其具有大约10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100或多于100个氨基酸长度。另一个实施例中,可以依照本发明使用具有约20、约30、约40、约50或约100个氨基酸的任何蛋白质,其与任一本文所述序列相比,具有约40%、约50%、约60%、约70%、约80%、约90%、约95%或约100%的同一性。在某些具体实施方式中,如本文提供或涉及的任一序列中所示,按照本发明而使用的蛋白质序列包括2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多突变。
制备多肽文库
本文所述方法和组合物可用于多肽文库的构建。本文提供包含核苷修饰的多核苷酸文库,其中所述多核苷酸各自包含编码多肽(例如抗体、蛋白质结合伴侣、支架蛋白和本领域已知的其他多肽)的第一核酸序列。一般而言,多核苷酸是适于直接引入目标宿主细胞形式的mRNA,所述目标宿主细胞合成所编码的多肽。
在某些具体实施方式中,制备蛋白质的多种变体(每一个均具有不同的氨基酸修饰)并测试以确定在药物代谢动力学、稳定性、生物适应性和/或生物活性或生物物理学特性(例如表达水平)方面的最佳变体。这样的文库可以包含约10、102、103、104、105、106、107、108、109或超过109种可能的变体(包括替换、删除一个或多个残基,和插入一个或多个残基)。
制备多肽-核酸复合物
本文所述方法和组合物可用于制备多肽-核酸复合物。合适的蛋白质翻译包括与mRNA相关的多个多肽和核酸的物理聚集。本发明提供蛋白质-核酸复合物,包含具有一个或多个核苷修饰(例如,至少2个不同的核苷修饰)的可翻译mRNA以及与mRNA结合的一个或多个多肽。通常地,按有效阻止或减少所述复合物所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应的量提供蛋白质。
制备不可翻译的修饰核酸
本文所述方法和组合物可用于制备不可翻译的修饰核酸。如本文所述,提供具有基本上不可翻译的序列的mRNA。当施用于哺乳动物受试者时,所述mRNA是有效的疫苗。
本文还提供了包含一个或多个非编码区的修饰核酸。这种修饰核酸通常不翻译,但是能结合和螯合一个或多个翻译器组分,例如核糖体蛋白或转移RNA(tRNA),从而有效减少细胞内的蛋白质表达。该修饰核酸可以包含小核仁RNA(sno-RNA)、微小RNA(miRNA)、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、小发卡RNA(shRNA)或Piwi-相互作用RNA(piRNA)。
修饰核酸
本发明提供利了用含有一个或多个修饰核苷的包括RNA(例如信使RNA(mRNA))在内的核酸(称为“修饰的核酸(或修饰核酸)”)生产蛋白质的方法,所述修饰核酸具有有用的特性,包括基本上缺失诱导该mRNA所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应。由于这些修饰核酸增强了蛋白质的生产效率、核酸的细胞内保留能力和所接触的细胞的生存能力,并且具有降低的免疫原性,具有这些性质的核酸在本文中称为“增强的核酸(或增强核酸)”。
术语“核酸”,以其最广泛的含义包括引入或者能够引入至寡核苷酸链的任意化合物和/或物质。可用于本发明的示例性核酸包括,但不限于本文详细描述的一个或多个DNA、包括信使mRNA(mRNA)在内的RNA或DNA与RNA的杂合体、RNA干扰(RNAi)诱导剂、RNAi药剂、小干扰RNA(siRNAs)、小发卡RNA(shRNAs)、微小RNA(miRNAs)、反义RNA、核酶、催化性DNA、诱导三螺旋形成的RNA、适体、载体等。
本文提供了含有可翻译区和一个、二个或多于二个不同的核苷修饰的修饰核酸。在一些具体实施方式中,与相应的未修饰核酸相比,修饰核酸在该核酸所引入的细胞中显示出减少的降解。例如,与相应的未修饰核酸的降解率相比,修饰核酸的降解率降低了大约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或多于90%。示例性的核酸包括核糖核酸(RNA)、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)、苏糖核酸(TNA)、乙二醇核酸(GNA)或其杂合体。在典型的具体实施方式中,修饰核酸包括信使RNA(mRNA)。如本文所述,本发明的核酸基本不诱导该mRNA所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应。
在一些具体实施方式中,修饰核苷包括嘧啶-4-酮核苷、5-氮-尿苷、2-硫-5-氮-尿苷、2-硫尿苷、4-硫-假尿苷、2-硫-假尿苷、5-羟基尿苷、3-甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基-尿苷、1-羧甲基-假尿苷、5-炔丙基-尿苷、1-炔丙基-假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基尿苷、1-牛磺酸甲基-假尿苷、5-牛磺酸甲基-2-硫-尿苷、1-牛磺酸甲基-4-硫-尿苷、5-甲基-尿苷、1-甲基-假尿苷、4-硫-1-甲基-假尿苷、2-硫-1-甲基-假尿苷、1-甲基-1-去氮-假尿苷、2-硫-1-甲基-1-去氮-假尿苷、二氢尿苷、二氢假尿苷、2-硫-二氢尿苷、2-硫-二氢假尿苷、2-甲氧基尿苷、2-甲氧基-4-硫-尿苷、4-甲氧基-假尿苷和4-甲氧基-2-硫-假尿苷。
在一些具体实施方式中,修饰核苷包括5-氮-胞苷、伪异胞苷、3-甲基胞苷、N4-乙酰基胞苷、5-甲酰基胞苷、N4-甲基胞苷、5-羟甲基胞苷、1-甲基-伪异胞苷、吡咯并胞苷、吡咯并伪异胞苷、2-硫-胞苷、2-硫-5-甲基-胞苷、4-硫-伪异胞苷、4-硫-1-甲基-伪异胞苷、4-硫-1-甲基-1-去氮-伪异胞苷、1-甲基-1-去氮-伪异胞苷、zebularine、5-氮-zebularine、5-甲基-zebularine、5-氮-2-硫-zebularine、2-硫-zebularine、2-甲氧基-胞苷、2-甲氧基-5-甲基-胞苷、4-甲氧基-伪异胞苷和4-甲氧基-1-甲基-伪异胞苷。
在其他具体实施方式中,修饰核苷包括2-氨基嘌呤、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-腺嘌呤、7-去氮-8-氮-腺嘌呤、7-去氮-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-8-氮-2-氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、7-去氮-8-氮-2,6-二氨基嘌呤、1-甲基腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷、N6-异戊烯基腺苷、N6-(顺式羟基异戊烯基)腺苷、2-甲硫基-N6-(顺式羟基异戊烯基)腺苷、N6-甘氨酰氨基甲酰腺苷、N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰腺苷、2-甲硫基-N6-苏氨酰氨基甲酰腺苷、N6,N6-二甲基腺苷、7-甲基腺嘌呤、2-甲硫基-腺嘌呤和2-甲氧基-腺嘌呤。
在特定具体实施方式中,修饰核苷是5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-腺苷、5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-胞苷、5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-鸟苷、5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-尿苷或5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-假尿苷。
5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-腺苷
5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-胞苷
5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-鸟苷
5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-尿苷
5’-O-(1-硫代磷酸)-假尿苷
本文提供α-硫取代的磷酸分子以通过非天然硫代磷酸酯骨架连接而赋予RNA和DNA聚合体以稳定性。硫代磷酸DNA和RNA具有提高的核酸酶抗性并因此在细胞环境中具有更长的半衰期。还预期硫代磷酸酯连接的核酸通过较弱地结合/激活细胞天然免疫分子而降低天然免疫反应。
在某些具体实施方式中,例如,如果需要精确的蛋白质生产时间,期望在细胞内降解引入该细胞的修饰核酸。因此,本发明提供包含降解结构域的修饰核酸,在细胞内能够以被引导的方式作用于其上。
在其他具体实施方式中,修饰核苷包括肌苷、1-甲基-肌苷、丫苷、怀丁苷(wybutosine)、7-去氮-鸟苷、7-去氮-8-氮-鸟苷、6-硫-鸟苷、6-硫-7-去氮-鸟苷、6-硫-7-去氮-8-氮-鸟苷、7-甲基-鸟苷、6-硫-7-甲基-鸟苷、7-甲基肌苷、6-甲氧基-鸟苷、1-甲基鸟苷、N2-甲基鸟苷、N2,N2-二甲基鸟苷、8-氧-鸟苷、7-甲基-8-氧-鸟苷、1-甲基-6-硫-鸟苷、N2-甲基-6-硫-鸟苷和N2,N2-二甲基-6-硫-鸟苷。
核酸的其他组分是任选的,并且在一些具体实施方式中是有益的。例如,提供了5’非翻译区(UTR)和/或3’UTR,其中之一或两者能独立地包含一个或多个不同的核苷修饰。在这样的具体实施方式中,核苷修饰也可以存在于可翻译区。还提供了具有Kozak序列的核酸。
此外,还提供了具有一个或多个能从所述核酸剪切的内含子核苷酸序列的核酸。
进一步的,还提供了含有内核糖体进入位点(IRES)的核酸。IRES可以作为单一核糖体结合位点起作用或也可以作为mRNA的多个核糖体结合位点之一而发挥功效。包含多于一个功能性核糖体结合位点的mRNA可编码数个通过核糖体而独立翻译的肽或多肽(多顺反子mRNA)。当提供具有IRES的核酸时,进一步任选提供第二可翻译区。可用于本发明的IRES序列的实例包括但不限于,来自细小核糖核酸病毒(例如,FMDV)、鼠疫病毒(CFFV)、脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)、脑心肌炎病毒(ECMV)、手足口病毒(FMDV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)、典型猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、鼠白血病病毒(MLV)、猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)或蟋蟀麻痹病毒(CrPV)。
利用修饰核酸阻止或降低天然细胞免疫反应的活化。
本文所述的修饰核酸能够逃脱该核酸所引入的细胞的天然免疫反应,从而提高细胞内蛋白质的生产效率。术语“天然免疫反应”包括针对通常为病毒或细菌来源的外源单链核酸的细胞反应,其包括诱导细胞因子(特别是干扰素)表达和释放以及细胞死亡。在天然细胞免疫反应中,蛋白质合成也降低。虽然消除细胞内天然免疫反应是有利的,但本发明提供了显著降低免疫反应(包括干扰素信号转导)但不完全消除该反应的修饰mRNA。在一些具体实施方式中,与由相应的未修饰核酸诱导的免疫反应相比,所述免疫反应降低大约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、99%、99.9%或大于99.9%。这样的减少可以通过I型干扰素的表达或活性水平或者干扰素调节基因(例如Toll样受体,例如TLR7和TLR8)的表达而测量。天然免疫反应的减少也可以通过在向细胞群一次或多次施以修饰RNA之后细胞死亡的减少而测定;例如比用相应的未修饰核酸观察到的细胞死亡频率低约10%、25%、50%、75%、85%、90%、95%或超过95%。而且,细胞死亡可影响少于约50%、40%、30%、20%、10%、5%、1%、0.1%、0.01%或少于0.01%的与修饰核酸接触的细胞。
本发明提供了重复地将修饰核酸引入(例如转染)至靶细胞群,例如在体外、离体或在体内。接触细胞群的步骤可以重复一次或多次(例如,二次、三次、四次、五次或多于五次)。在一些具体实施方式中,用修饰核酸接触细胞群的步骤重复多次,使其足以在细胞群内实现预定的蛋白质翻译效率。考虑到由核酸修饰产生的降低的靶细胞群细胞毒性,在不同的细胞类型中都可实现所述重复转染。
修饰核酸的合成
用于本发明的核酸可以按照任何可行的技术制备,所述技术包括,但不限于化学合成,酶法合成(其通常是指体外转录),长前体的酶法或化学裂解等等。合成RNA的方法在本领域已知(参见,例如,Gait,M.J.(编)Oligonucleotide synthesis:a practicalapproach,Oxford[Oxfordshire],Washington,DC:IRL Press,1984;和Herdewijn,P.(编)Oligonucleotide synthesis:methods and applications,Methods in MolecularBiology,v.288(Clifton,N.J.)Totowa,N.J.:Humana Press,2005;两者通过引证而全文引入)。
修饰核酸不需要沿该分子的全长进行均一修饰。不同的核苷酸修饰和/或骨架结构可以存在于核酸的不同位置。本领域普通技术人员理解,核苷酸类似物或其他修饰可以存在于核酸的基本不降低核酸功能的任意位置。修饰可以是5’或3’末端修饰。核酸可以包括最少一个到最多100%修饰核苷酸,或任何中间的百分比,例如至少约50%修饰核苷酸、至少约80%修饰核苷酸或至少约90%修饰核苷酸。
通常地,本发明的修饰mRNA的长度适于在细胞(例如,人细胞)内生产蛋白质、多肽或肽。例如,mRNA的长度足以能够在细胞内翻译至少二肽。一个具体实施方式中,修饰mRNA的长度大于30个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度大于35个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少为40个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是45个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是55个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是60个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是60个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是80个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是90个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是100个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是120个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是140个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是160个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是180个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是200个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是250个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是300个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是350个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是400个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是450个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是500个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是600个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是700个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是800个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是900个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1000个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1100个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1200个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1300个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1400个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1500个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1600个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是1800个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是20000个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是2500个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是3000个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是4000个核苷酸。另一个具体实施方式中,长度至少是5000个核苷酸,或大于5000个核苷酸。
修饰核酸的应用
通过本文所述方法生产的蛋白质、多肽或肽可以作为治疗性药剂用以治疗或预防一种或多种本文所述的疾病或病症。
治疗剂。提供组合物、方法、试剂盒和试剂,以治疗或预防人类和其他动物(例如,哺乳动物)的疾病或病症。本发明的活性治疗剂包括由修饰核酸翻译的多肽、含有修饰核酸或由修饰核酸翻译的多肽的细胞,以及与含有修饰核酸或自修饰核酸翻译的多肽的细胞接触的细胞。
提供使用本文所述修饰核酸诱导重组多肽在细胞群内翻译的方法。所述翻译可以是在体内、离体、培养基中(in culture)或在体外。所述细胞群与含有核酸的有效量的组合物接触,所述核酸具有至少一个核苷修饰和编码重组多肽的可翻译区。所述细胞群在该核酸定位在细胞群的一个或多个细胞内且在细胞内由所述核酸翻译重组多肽的条件下发生接触。
基于,至少部分地基于靶组织、靶细胞类型、给药方式、由修饰核酸翻译的蛋白质的物理性质(例如,大小)和其他决定因素,提供有效量的所述组合物。
配制包含修饰核酸的组合物,以肌肉内给药、动脉内给药、腹膜内给药、静脉内给药、鼻内给药、皮下给药、内窥镜(endoscopically)给药、透皮给药或鞘内给药。在一些具体实施方式中,组合物经配制缓释给药。
施用治疗剂的受试者患有疾病、病症或病况或有此风险。提供有基于包括临床诊断、生物标志物水平、基因组开放式相关研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)以及本领域已知的其他方法在内的基础而鉴别、诊断受试者并对其进行分型的方法。
在某些具体实施方式中,所施用的由本文所述的修饰核酸翻译的重组多肽提供了在该重组多肽所施用的细胞中基本没有的功能性活性。例如,缺少的功能性活性性质上可以是酶促的、结构性的或基因调节的活性。
在其他具体实施方式中,所施用的重组多肽代替在重组多肽所施用的细胞中基本没有的多肽(或多个多肽)。这种没有可以是由于编码基因或其调节通路的基因突变。或者,重组多肽的功能是拮抗存在于细胞内、细胞表面上或者自细胞分泌的内源蛋白的活性。通常,内源蛋白的活性对于受试者而言是有害的。例如,由于内源蛋白的突变而导致改变活性或定位。此外,重组多肽直接地或间接地拮抗存在于细胞内、细胞表面上或者自细胞分泌的生物分子的活性。拮抗的生物分子的示例包括脂类(例如,胆固醇)、脂蛋白(例如,低密度脂蛋白)、核酸、糖类或小分子毒素。
本文所述重组蛋白经设计而定位在细胞内,潜在定位在特定的细胞区室(例如细胞核)或者经设计而由细胞分泌或转移到细胞质膜上。
如本文所述,本发明的修饰核酸的有用特性是能够降低细胞对于外源核酸的天然免疫反应,例如,以提高蛋白产量。提供用以滴定、减少或消除细胞或细胞群内免疫反应的方法。在一些具体实施方式中,所述细胞与包含第一剂量的第一外源核酸的第一组合物接触,并测定细胞对第一外源核酸的天然免疫反应的水平,所述第一外源核酸包含可翻译区和至少一个核苷修饰。随后,所述细胞与包含第二剂量的第一外源核酸的第二组合物接触,所述第二剂量具有含量比第一剂量少的第一外源核酸。或者,所述细胞与第一剂量的第二外源核酸接触。所述第二外源核酸可以包含一个或多个可与第一外源核酸相同或不同的修饰核苷,或者,第二外源核酸可以不含修饰核苷。细胞与第一组合物和/或第二组合物接触的步骤可以重复一次或多次。此外,可任选地测定细胞内蛋白质的生产(例如,蛋白质翻译)效率,细胞可以重复转染第一和/或第二组合物直到实现目标蛋白生产效率。
疾病和病症的疗法。提供有通过取代缺失的蛋白活性或者克服异常的蛋白活性而治疗或预防征在于缺失的或异常的蛋白质活性的疾病症状的方法。
以功能异常或异常蛋白质活性为特征的疾病包括,但不限于癌症和增生疾病、遗传病(例如,囊性纤维化)、自体免疫疾病、糖尿病、神经退化病、心血管疾病和代谢疾病。本发明提供通过引入蛋白质或基于细胞的药剂以治疗受试者的所述病症或疾病的方法,所述蛋白质或基于细胞的药剂是通过利用本文提供的修饰核酸的方法产生的,其中修饰核酸编码拮抗或者克服受试者细胞中存在的异常蛋白质活性的蛋白质。功能异常的蛋白质的特例是囊性纤维化跨膜转运调节物(CFTR)基因的错义突变变体,其产生导致囊性纤维化的CFTR蛋白的功能紊乱蛋白变体。
大量疾病以缺失蛋白活性(或基本上消除蛋白活性,从而不产生正确的蛋白功能)为特征。所述蛋白质可以不存在,或基本上是无功能的。本发明提供了治疗受试者的上述病症或疾病的方法,所述方法通过引入或包含本文提供的修饰核酸的核酸或基于细胞的药剂,其中所述修饰核酸编码取代受试者靶细胞缺失的蛋白活性的蛋白质。功能异常的蛋白的特例是囊性纤维化跨膜转运调节物(CFTR)基因的无义突变变体,其产生导致囊性纤维化的CFTR蛋白的无功能蛋白变体。
因此,提供在细胞中存在有效量的CTFR多肽的条件下通过使受试者的细胞与修饰核酸接触而治疗哺乳动物受试者的囊性纤维化的方法,其中,所述修饰合适地包含编码功能性CFTR多肽的可翻译区。通常的靶细胞是上皮细胞(例如肺),并且给药方式根据靶组织确定,例如,针对肺部递送,RNA分子被配制成通过吸入而给药。
另一个具体实施方式中,本发明提供用以治疗受试者高脂血的方法,所述方法通过向受试者的细胞群引入分拣蛋白(Sortilin,近来通过基因组研究表征的蛋白)从而改善受试者的高脂血,所述分拣蛋白是使用本文所述的方法通过编码分拣蛋白的修饰mRNA分子而产生的。SORT1基因编码称为分拣蛋白的反高尔基网(TGN)跨膜蛋白。遗传学研究表明,五分之一的个体具有单一核苷酸多态性,rs12740374,在SORT1基因的lp13基因座,使其偏向于拥有低水平的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)。存在于约30%的人群中的次等位基因的每一个拷贝使LDL胆固醇改变8mg/dL;而存在于约5%的人群中的次等位基因的二个拷贝会降低LDL胆固醇16mg/dL。次等位基因的携带者还显示出40%的降低的心肌梗死风险。小鼠体内功能性研究描述了在小鼠肝脏组织中过表达SORT1导致LDL-胆固醇水平显著降低,降低80%之多,而沉默SORT1则提高LDL胆固醇接近200%(Musunuru K等,Fromnoncoding variant to phenotype via SORT1 at the lp13 cholesterol locus,Nature 2010;466:714-721)。
药物组合物
本发明提供了由修饰mRNA产生的蛋白质,并且本文所述方法生产的蛋白质能够用于药物组合物。药物组合物可任选地包含一个或多个额外的治疗活性物质。按照一些具体实施方式,提供了施用药物组合物的方法,所述药物组合物包含要递送到有需要的受试者中的一个或多个蛋白质。在一些具体实施方式中,药物组合物被施用于人。出于本发明的目,术语“活性成分”通常是指本文所述的蛋白质或含蛋白质的复合物。
尽管本文提供的药物组合物的描述主要指向适合施用于人的药物组合物,但本领域技术人员可以理解,所述组合物通常也适合于施用于所有种类的动物。改良适合于施用于人的药物组合物以使组合物适合施用于多种动物的方法是公知的,并且,兽药领域普通技术人员能仅仅通过常规的实验设计和/或实施这样的改良。计划给予药物组合物的受试者包括,但不限于人和/或其它灵长类;哺乳动物,包括商业相关的哺乳动物,例如牛、猪、马、绵羊、猫、狗、小鼠和/或大鼠;和/或鸟类,包括商业相关的鸟类,诸如鸡、鸭、鹅和/或火鸡。
本文所述药物组合物的配方可以通过制药领域任何已知或今后形成的方法配制。通常,这样的配制方法包括将活性成分混入赋形剂和/或一个或多个其他附加成分的步骤,以及随后(如果有需要和/或期望的话)将所述产品成型和/或包装成预期的单剂量或多剂量单元。
按照本发明的药物组合物可以作为单单位剂量和/或作为多个单单位剂量成批制备、包装和/或销售。如本文使用的,“单位剂量”是指包含预定量的活性成分的药物组合物的单份量。活性成分的量通常等于施用于受试者的活性成分用量和/或此剂量的便于使用的部分用量,例如,用量的二分之一或三分之一。
活性成分的相对量、药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或本发明的药物组合物中的任何额外成分将根据所治疗的受试者的特性、大小和/或条件以及更进一步根据组合物的给药途径而变化。作为示例,组合物可以包含0.1%到100%(w/w)的活性成分。
药物组合物可以配制成额外包含药学上可接受的赋形剂,如本文所用的,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括任意和全部溶剂、分散剂、稀释剂或其他液体介质、分散或悬浮辅剂、表面活性剂、等渗剂、增稠或乳化剂、防腐剂、固体粘合剂、润滑剂等等,使其适合期望的特定剂型。Remington的The Science and Practice ofPharmacy,21st Edition,A.R.Gennaro(Lippincott,Williams & Wilkins,Baltimore,MD,2006;本文通过引证而全文引入)公开了多种用于配制药物组合物的赋形剂及已知的配制技术。目前除了与物质或其衍生物不兼容的任何常规赋形剂介质(例如通过产生任何不利的生物作用或者以有害的方式与药物组合物中的其他成分相互作用)外,其用途落入本发明的范围。
在一些具体实施方式中,药学上可接受的赋形剂的纯度至少是95%、至少是96%、至少是97%、至少是98%、至少是99%或100%。在一些具体实施方式中,赋形剂已被批准用于人类或供兽医使用。在一些具体实施方式中,赋形剂已经被美国食品药品管理局(United States Food and Drug Administration)批准。在一些具体实施方式中,赋形剂是药品级的。在一些具体实施方式中,赋形剂符合美国药典(UnitedStates Pharmacopoeia,USP)、欧盟药典(European Pharmacopoeia,EP)、英国药典(BritishPharmacopoeia)和/或国际药典(International Pharmacopoeia)标准。
用于药物组合物的制备的药学上可接受的赋形剂包括,但不限于,惰性稀释剂、分散剂和/或制粒剂、表面活性剂和/或乳化剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂、润滑剂和/或油。这些赋形剂可选择地包含于药物组合物中。按照配方师的判断,组合物中可以有赋形剂,诸如椰子油和栓蜡、着色剂、包被剂、甜味剂、调味剂和/或赋香剂。
示例性的稀释剂包括,但不限于,碳酸钙、碳酸钠、磷酸钙、磷酸二钙、硫酸钙、磷酸氢钙、乳糖磷酸钠、蔗糖、纤维素、微晶纤维素、高岭土、甘露醇、山梨醇、肌醇、氯化钠、干淀粉、玉米淀粉、糖粉等等,和/或它们的组合。
示例性的制粒剂和/或分散剂包括但不限于,土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、粘土、海藻酸、瓜尔胶、柑桔渣、琼脂、斑脱土、纤维素和木制品、天然海绵、阳离子交换树脂、碳酸钙、硅酸盐、碳酸钠、交联多聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(交聚烯吡酮)、羧甲基淀粉钠(羟基乙酸淀粉钠)、羧甲基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠(交联甲羧纤维素)、甲基纤维素、预糊化淀粉(淀粉1500)、微晶淀粉、非水溶淀粉、羟甲基纤维素钙、硅酸镁铝(Veegum)、月桂基硫酸钠、季铵化合物等,和/或它们的组合。
示例性的表面活性剂和/或乳化剂包括,但不限于,天然乳化剂(例如,阿拉伯树胶、琼脂、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、黄芪胶、软骨酸、胆固醇、黄原胶、果胶、明胶、卵黄、酪蛋白、羊毛脂、胆固醇、蜡和卵磷脂)、胶质粘土(例如,斑脱土[硅酸铝]和[硅酸镁铝])、长链氨基酸衍生物、高分子量醇(例如,十八烷醇、十六烷醇、油醇、乙酸甘油单硬脂酸酯、乙二醇双硬脂酸酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯和丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、聚乙烯醇)、卡波姆(例如,聚亚甲基羧酸、聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸聚合物、羧基乙烯基聚合物)、角叉胶、纤维素衍生物(例如,羧甲基纤维素钠、粉末状纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素)、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯(例如,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯[20]、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇[60]、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸[80]、山梨糖醇酐单棕榈酸酯[40]、山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯[60]、山梨糖醇酐三硬脂酸酯[65]、甘油单油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯[80]、聚氧乙烯酯(例如,聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯[45]、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、聚乙氧基蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯和)、脂肪酸糖酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯(例如,)、聚氧乙烯醚(例如,聚氧乙烯月桂醚[30])、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、二乙二醇单月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺油酸酯、油酸钠、油酸钾、油酸乙酯、油酸、月桂酸乙酯、硫酸月桂酸纳、F 68、188、西曲溴铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶、苯扎氯铵、琥珀辛酯钠等,和/或它们的组合。
示例性的粘合剂包括,但不限于,淀粉(例如,玉米淀粉和淀粉糊)、凝胶、糖(例如,蔗糖、葡萄糖、右旋葡萄糖、糊精、糖蜜、乳糖、乳糖醇、甘露醇)、天然和合成的树胶(例如,阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸钠、爱尔兰藓提取物、潘瓦尔胶(panwar gum)、加特胶(ghatti gum)、isapol husk胶、羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、醋酸纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硅酸镁铝和落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖)、海藻酸酯、聚环氧乙烷、聚乙二醇、无机钙盐、硅酸、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、蜡、水、醇等等,以及它们的组合。
示例性的防腐剂可以包括,但不限于,抗氧化剂、螯合剂、抗菌性防腐剂、抗真菌性防腐剂、醇类防腐剂、酸类防腐剂和/或其他防腐剂。示例性的抗氧化剂包括,但不限于,生育酚、抗坏血酸、VC棕榈酸酯(acorbyl palmitate)、丁基羟基茴香醚、丁基羟基甲苯、硫代甘油、焦亚硫酸钾、丙酸、没食子酸丙酯、抗坏血酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠和/或亚硫酸钠。示例性的螯合剂包括乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、一水合柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钾、依地酸、延胡酸、苹果酸、磷酸、依地酸钠、酒石酸和/或依地酸三钠。示例性的抗菌性防腐剂包括,但不限于,苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、苯甲醇、溴硝醇、西曲溴銨、氯化十六烷基吡啶、氯己定、氯丁醇、氯化甲酚、氯二甲酚、甲酚、乙醇、甘油、合克替啶、咪唑烷基脲、苯酚、苯氧乙醇、苯基乙醇、硝酸苯汞、丙二醇和/或.硫柳汞。示例性的抗真菌性防腐剂包括,但不限于,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、丙酸钠和/或山梨酸。示例性的醇类防腐剂包括,但不限于,乙醇、聚乙二醇、苯酚、酚类化合物、双酚、氯代丁醇、羟基苯甲酸酯和/或苯乙醇。示例性的酸类防腐剂包括,但不限于,维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、β-胡萝卜素、柠檬酸、乙酸、脱氢乙酸、抗坏血酸、山梨酸和/或植酸。其他防腐剂包括,但不限于,生育酚、生育酚乙酯、deteroxime mesylate、西曲溴铵、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、乙二胺、十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)、月桂基乙醚硫酸钠(SLES)、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾、焦亚硫酸钾、Glydant对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、115、II、NeoloneTM、KathonTM和/或
示例性的缓冲剂包括,但不限于,柠檬酸缓冲液、醋酸缓冲液、磷酸缓冲液、氯化铵、碳酸钙、氯化钙、柠檬酸钙、葡乳醛酸钙、葡庚糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、D-葡糖酸、甘油磷酸钙、乳酸钙、丙酸、乙酰丙酸钙、戊酸、磷酸氢二钙、磷酸、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、醋酸钾、氯化钾、葡萄糖酸钾、钾混合物、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸钾混合物、醋酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氯化钠、柠檬酸钠、乳酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸钠混合物、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、海藻酸、无热原水、等渗盐水、林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution)、乙醇等,和/或它们的组合。
示例性的润滑剂包括,但不限于,硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸、二氧化硅、滑石、麦芽、甘油二十二烷酸酯、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠、亮氨酸、十二烷基硫酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠等等,以及它们的组合。
示例性的油类包括,但不限于,扁桃、杏仁、鳄梨、巴巴苏、佛手柑、黑加仑籽、琉璃苣、杜松、春黄菊、菜籽、香菜、巴西棕榈、蓖麻、肉桂、可可油、椰子、鱼肝、咖啡、玉米、棉籽、鸸鹋、桉树、月见草、鱼、亚麻籽、香叶醇、葫芦、葡萄籽、榛子、牛膝草、豆蔻酸异丙酯、荷荷巴、奇异果、醒目薰衣草(lavandin)、薰衣草(lavender)、柠檬、山鸡椒、澳洲坚果、锦葵、芒果籽、白绒花籽、水貂、肉豆蔻、橄榄、柑桔、罗非鱼(orange roughy)、棕榈、棕榈仁、桃仁、花生、罂粟籽、南瓜子、油菜籽、米糠、迷迭香、红花、檀香、sasquana、香薄荷、沙棘、芝麻、黄油、硅酮、大豆、向日葵、茶树、蓟、椿、香根草、胡桃和麦胚芽油。示例性的油类包括,但不限于,硬脂酸丁酯、辛酸甘油三酯、癸酸甘油三酯、环甲基硅油、癸二酸二乙酯、二甲基硅油360,豆蔻酸异丙酯、矿物油、辛基十二烷醇、油醇、硅酮油和/或它们的组合。
用于口服或肠胃外给药的液体剂型包括,但不限于,药学上可接受的乳液、微乳液、溶液、悬液、糖浆和/或酏剂。除活性成分以外,液体剂型可以包括通常用于本领域的惰性稀释剂,例如,水或其他溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油类(特别地,棉籽、落花生、玉米、胚芽、橄榄、蓖麻和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯和它们的组合。除了惰性稀释剂,口服组合物还可以包括佐剂,例如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂和/或香香剂。在胃肠外给药的某些具体实施方式中,组合物可以与增溶剂,例如醇类、油类、改性油类、二元醇、聚山梨醇酯、环式糊精、多聚物和/或它们的组合混合。
注射剂,例如无菌注射水性或油性悬浮液,可以依据已知技术利用合适的分散剂、润湿剂和或悬浮剂配制。无菌注射剂可以是无毒的胃肠道外可接受的稀释剂和/或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液、悬浮液和/或乳剂,例如,1,3-丁二醇溶液。可使用的可接受媒介和/溶剂是水、林格氏溶液、U.S.P.和等渗氯化钠溶液。通常可使用无菌的非挥发性油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。出于这个目的,可以使用任何温和的非挥发性油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。脂肪酸(例如油酸)可用于注射制剂。
注射组合物可以例如通过细菌阻留性滤器过滤和/或通过引入灭菌剂而除菌,所述灭菌剂是无菌固体组合物的形式,并且可以在使用前溶解于或分散于无菌水或其他无菌注射介质中。
为了延长活性成分的作用,常常希望延缓皮下注射或肌肉内注射的活性成分的吸收。这可以通过使用水溶性差的结晶或无定形材料的液体悬液而实现。药物的吸收速率取决于其溶解速率,而溶解速率可依赖于其晶体大小和结晶形式。或者,可以通过将药物溶解或悬浮于油性媒介中而实现胃肠道外施用药物的延缓稀释。通过在生物可降解多聚物(例如聚乳酸聚乙醇酸交酯)中形成药物的微囊基质,可以制备药效持久的可注射组合物。根据药物和多聚物的比例和所使用的特定多聚物的性质,可以控制药物释放速率。其他生物可降解多聚物的实例包括多聚原酸酯和聚酸酐。可以通过将药物包裹入和身体组织兼容的脂质体或是微乳液而配制或制备药效持久的可注射组合物。
用于直肠或阴道给药的组合物一般是栓剂,其可以通过将组合物与适宜的非刺激性赋形剂(例如可可油、聚乙二醇或栓蜡)混合配置而成,所述赋形剂在室温下是固体,但在体温下是液态,从而在直肠或阴道径中是融化状态并释放活性成分。
用于口服给药的固态剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸剂、粉剂和粒剂。在所述固态剂型中,活性物质与至少一个惰性的药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸氢二钙)和/或填料或增量剂(例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸),粘合剂(例如,羟甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、凝胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶),保湿剂(例如甘油),崩解剂(例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、土豆或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠),溶解延迟剂(例如,石蜡),吸收促进剂(例如,四铵化合物),润湿剂(例如,十六醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯),吸附剂(例如,高岭土、班脱土)和润滑剂(例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠)和它们的组合混合。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,剂型可以包含缓冲剂。
可以采用相似类型的固体组合物作为软和硬填料凝胶胶囊中的填料,所述胶囊使用了诸如乳糖或奶糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等的赋形剂。可以用包衣或包壳(例如肠衣或制药领域已知的其他包衣)配制固体剂型的片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、丸剂和粒剂。所述固体剂型可任选包含乳浊剂,并且可以是任选以延迟方式仅向或优选向肠道的特定部分释放活性成分的组合物。可以使用的包埋组合物的示例包括多聚物和蜡。可以采用相似类型的固体组合物作为软和硬填料凝胶胶囊中的填料,所述胶囊使用了诸如乳糖或奶糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等的赋形剂。
用于外用和/或透皮施用组合物的剂型可以包括膏剂、糊剂、霜剂、洗剂、凝胶、粉剂、溶液、喷雾、吸入剂和/或贴剂。通常地,当需要时,活性成分可以在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或任何需要的防腐剂和/或缓冲剂混合。此外,本发明还涉及透皮贴剂的使用,所述透皮贴剂通常具有向身体提供化合物的缓释的额外优势。此类剂型可以通过,例如将化合物溶解和/或分散在正确的介质中而制备。可选地或者另外,可以通过提供速度控制膜和/或将化合物分散到多聚物基质和/或凝胶中对速度进行控制。
适合在递送本文所述的皮内药物组合物中使用的装置包括短针装置,例如在US4,886,499、US5,190,521、US5,328,483、US5,527,288、US4,270,537、US5,015,235、US5,141,496和US5,417,662专利中描述的那些。可以通过限制针有效刺入皮肤的长度的装置,例如在国际公开号为WO99/34850中描述的装置或及其功能等效物,施用皮下组合物。合适的装置有将液体组合物经液体喷射注射器和/或经刺入角质层并产生到达真皮的喷射流的针递送至真皮的喷射注射装置。喷射注射装置描述在,例如US5,480,381、US5,599,302、US5,334,144、US5,993,412、US5,649,912、US5,569,189、US5,704,911、US5,383,851、US5,893,397、US5,466,220、US5,339,163、US5,312,335、US5,503,627、US5,064,413、US5,520,639、US4,596,556、US4,790,824、US4,941,880、US4,940,460美国专利和国际公开号为WO97/37705和WO97/13535中。合适的装置有使用压缩气体以促进粉末形式的疫苗穿过皮肤表层到达真皮的冲击性粉末/颗粒递送装置。可选择地或者另外,可以将常规注射器用在皮内给药的经典曼托方法中。
配制用于外用给药的组合物包括,但不限于,液体和/或半液体制剂,例如擦剂、洗剂、水包油和/或油包水乳剂,例如霜剂、膏剂和/或糊剂,和/或溶液和/或悬液。例如,可以配制包含大约1%到大约10%(w/w)活性成分的外用组合物,尽管活性成分的浓度可能高至活性成分在该溶剂中的溶解度界限。配制的外用组合物可以进一步包含本文所述的一个或多个附加的活性成分。
可以配制、制备、包装和/或销售通过口腔进行肺部给药的药物组合物。可以将这样的组合物配制成包含含有活性成分并且直径在约0.5nm到约7nm之间或在约1nm到约6nm之间的干颗粒。所述组合物便利地为干粉形式,用于利用包括干粉储器的装置(推进剂的气流可以指向所述干粉储器从而分散干粉)给药或利用自推进溶剂/粉末分散容器(例如包含溶解和/或悬浮在密封容器中的低沸点推进剂中的活性成分的装置)给药。所述粉剂包括颗粒,其中以重量计至少98%的颗粒的直径大于0.5nm且以数量计至少95%的颗粒的直径小于7nm。或者,以重量计至少95%的颗粒的直径大于1nm且以数量计至少90%的颗粒的直径小于6nm。干粉组合物可以包括固体细粉稀释剂(例如糖)且便利地以单位剂量形式提供。
低沸点推进剂通常包括在大气压下沸点低于65℉的液体推进剂。通常,推进剂可以占组合物的大约50%到大约99.9%(w/w),活性成分可可占组合物的大约0.1%到大约20%(w/w)。推进剂可以进一步包括额外的成分,例如液态非离子和/或固态阴离子表面活性剂和/或固态稀释剂(其颗粒大小可以与包含活性成分的颗粒具有同等级)。
配制的用于肺部给药的药物组合物可以提供溶液和/或悬液的微滴形式的活性成分。所述组合物可以作为包含活性成分、任选无菌的水溶液和/或稀释醇溶液和/或悬液形式配制、制备、包装和/或出售,并且可以利用任何喷雾和/或雾化装置方便地给药。所述组合物还可以进一步包含一个或多个额外的成分所述成分包括,但不限于,芳香剂、例如糖精钠、挥发油、缓冲剂、表面活性剂和/或防腐剂例如甲羟基苯甲酸盐(酯)。通过这种给药途径提供的微滴的平均直径可以在大约0.1nm到大约200nm之间。
本文所述用于肺部给药的配方也用于药物组合物的鼻内给药。另一个配制用于鼻内给药的组合物是包含活性成分且平均颗粒为0.2μm到500μm的粗粉。所述组合物经配制用于以吸鼻烟的方式(即,通过鼻道从靠近鼻子手持的粉末容器快速吸入)给药。
配制用于鼻腔给药方式的组合物可以,例如包含大约少至0.1%(w/w)到多至100%(w/w)的活性成分,并且可以包含本文所述的一个或多个其他成分。可以配制、制备、包装和/或销售药物组合物,用于口腔给药。例如,所述组合物可以使用常规方法配制成片剂和/或锭剂的形式,且可以含有例如0.1%到20%(w/w)的活性成分,包含口服可溶的和/或可降解组合物的主要部分(balance)和任选的本文所述的一个或多个额外成分。或者,配制的用于口腔给药的组合物可以包括含有活性成分的粉末化和/或烟雾化和/或喷雾化的溶液和/或悬液。在被分散时,所述粉末化、烟雾化和/或喷雾化的组合物的平均颗粒和/或微滴大小可以在大约0.1nm到大约200nm的范围内,并且可以进一步包含一个或多个本文所述的额外成分。
可以配制、制备、包装和/或销售药物组合物,用于眼部给药。例如,所述组合物可以配制成滴眼液的形式,所述滴眼液含有例如0.1/1v.0%(w/w)活性成分的水性或油性液体赋形剂的溶液和/或悬液。所述滴液可以进一步包含缓冲剂、盐和/或本文所述的一个或多个其他任意额外成分。其他可使用的眼部给药组合物包括含有微晶形式的活性成分和/或在脂质体制剂中的活性成分的组合物。滴耳液和/或滴眼液被认为是落入本发明的范围。
药物制剂的配制和/或制备的常规思路可见于,例如Remington:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy 21st出版社、Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,2005年(本文通过参考而全文引入)中。
给药
本发明提供包括向有需要的受试者施用通过本文所述方法生产的蛋白或组合物的方法。可以使用可有效预防、治疗、诊断疾病或病况和/或病症(例如,与工作记忆缺失(working memory deficits)有关的疾病、病况和/或病症)或使其成像的任意数量和任意给药方法向受试者施用蛋白或复合物,或其药物、成像、诊断或预防组合物。所需准确用量根据受试者的物种、年龄和整体情况、疾病的严重程度、特定组合物及其给药方式、活性方式等等而随受试者变化。一般将按照本发明的组合物配制成剂量单位形式以便于给药和统一用量。尽管如此,可以理解的是,本发明组合物的日用总量可以由主治医在可靠的医学判断范围内决定。特定病人的特定治疗效果、预防效果或合适的成像剂量水平随多种因素变化,所述因素包括待治疗的病症和病症的严重程度;使用的特定化合物的活性;使用的特定组合物;病人的年龄、体重、整体健康状况、性别和饮食情况;给药的时间;给药的方式,和使用的特定化合物的排泄率;治疗的时间长度;与使用的特定化合物联合或同时使用的药物;以及医学领域已知的类似因素。
递送的蛋白质和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物可以施用于动物,例如哺乳动物(例如,人类、驯化动物、猫、狗、小鼠、大鼠及其他)。在一些具体实施方式中,其药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物施用于人。
根据本发明的待递送蛋白质和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物可以通过任何方式给药。在一些具体实施方式中,蛋白质和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物可以通过一种或多种途径给药,所述途径包括口服、静脉内、肌内、动脉内、髓内、鞘内、皮下、心室内、透皮、皮内、直肠、阴道内、腹膜内、外用(例如,通过粉剂、油膏、霜剂、凝胶、洗液和/或滴剂)、粘膜、鼻、口腔、肠、玻璃体、瘤内、舌下;通过气管滴注法、支气管滴注法和/或吸入法;作为空腔喷雾,鼻喷雾,和/或气溶胶,和/或通过门静脉导管。在一些具体实施方式中,蛋白质或复合物,和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物可以通过系全身静脉注射给药。特定具体实施方式中,蛋白质或复合物,和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像化合物可以静脉内和/或口服给药。特定具体实施方式中,蛋白质或复合物,和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物可以使蛋白质或复合物穿过血脑屏障、血管屏障或其他上皮屏障的方式给药。
不论如何,本发明包含通过任何考虑到在药物递送科学可能的进步的合适方式递送蛋白质或复合物,和/或其药物、预防、诊断或成像化合物。
通常,给药的最适方式依赖于多种因素,包括蛋白质或含有与至少一个待递送的物质相结合的蛋白质的复合物的特性(例如在胃肠道、血液等环境中的稳定性),病人的状态(例如,病人是否能忍受特定的给药方式)。本发明包括通过考虑到药物递送科学可能的进步的合适方式递送所述药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物。
某些具体实施方式中,按照本发明的组合物可以以每天足以递送以受试者体重计大约0.0001mg/kg到大约100mg/kg,0.01mg/kg到大约50mg/kg,大约0.1mg/kg到大约40mg/kg,大约0.5mg/kg到大约30mg/kg,大约0.01mg/kg到大约10mg/kg,大约0.1mg/kg到大约10mg/kg或大约1mg/kg到大约25mg/kg,每天一次或多次,以达到期待的治疗、诊断、预防或成像效果的剂量水平给药。可以每天三次、每天两次、每天一次、每隔一天、每隔两天、每周、每两周、每三周或每四周递送期待的剂量。某些具体实施方式中,利用多次给药而递送期待的剂量(例如,二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十、十一、十二、十三、十四或更多次给药)。
蛋白质或复合物可以与一个或多个其他治疗、预防、诊断或成像药剂联合使用。所述“联合”,并非意味着药剂必须同时给药和/或配制成用于一起递送,尽管这些递送方法也落在本发明的范围内。组合物的给药可以与一个或多个其他期待的治疗或医学过程同时、在先或随后发生。通常,按照药物的确定剂量和/或时间表施用每种药剂。在一些具体实施方式中,本发明包括与改善其生物利用度、减少和/或调节其代谢、抑制其排出、和/或调解其体内分布的药剂联合递送所述药物、预防、诊断或成像组合物。特定的具体实施方式中,提供包含一个或多个修饰核酸与诱导抗体依赖性细胞毒性的蛋白质的联合治疗,其中,所述修饰核酸包含可翻译区,所述可翻译区编码促进哺乳动物受试者免疫性的蛋白质。例如,提供包括一个或多个编码曲妥珠单抗的核酸和粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)的治疗。这种联合治疗对于针对曲妥珠单抗产生诱导抗性的Her2+胸腺癌患者特别有用(参见,例如,Albrecht,Immunotherapy.2(6):795-8(2010))。
可以进一步理解,联合使用的治疗、预防、诊断或成像活性药物可以以单个组合给药或以不同组合分别给药。通常,预期用于联合给药的药剂以不超过其单独使用时的剂量水平的水平使用。在一些具体实施方式中,用于联合给药的水平低于其单独给药时的剂量水平。
自联合方案中采用的治疗(疗法或过程)的特定组合需要考虑所需治疗和/或过程的兼容性和要达到的预期治疗效果。还应理解,所采用的治疗对于相同病症可以达到预期的效果(例如,按照本发明的用于治疗癌症的组合物可以与化疗药物同时给药),或者其可达到不同的效果(例如,任何不良效果的控制)。
试剂盒
本发明提供多种用于方便地和/或有效地实现本发明方法的试剂盒。例如,本文所述的是用于利用本文所述修饰核酸生产蛋白质的试剂盒。一般,试剂盒包含足够量和/或大量组分以允许使用者完成受试者的重复治疗和/或完成多次实验。
定义
治疗药物(therapeutic agent):术语“治疗药物”是指当施用给受试者时,具有治疗、诊断和/或预防效果和/或得到预期的生物学和/或药学效果的任何药物。
动物:如同本文所用,术语“动物”是指动物中的任何一种。在某些具体实施方式中,“动物”是指处于任何发育阶段的人类。在某些具体实施方式中,“动物”是指处于任何发育阶段的非人动物。某些的具体实施方式中,非人动物是哺乳动物(例如,啮齿动物、小鼠、大鼠、兔、猴、狗、猫、绵羊、牛、灵长类或猪)。在一些具体实施方式中,动物包括,但不限于,哺乳动物、鸟类、爬虫类、两栖类、鱼类和虫类。在一些具体实施方式中,动物是转基因动物,基因工程动物或克隆动物。
近似:如同本文所用,术语“近似”或“大约”,当用于一个或多个目标值时,是指近似于所述参照值的值。某些具体实施方式中,除非明确指出或根据上下文显而易见(除了所述数超过100%的可能值),术语“近似”或“大约”是指在任一方向上(大于或少于)落入所示参考值的25%、20%、29%、18%、17%、16%、15%、14%、13%、12%、11%、10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%或更少的数值范围。
结合:如同本文所用,当用于两个或更多物质时,术语“结合”、“共轭”、“相连”、“螯合”和“连接”表示物质直接或者通过作为连接物的一个或多个其他物质彼此物理结合或连接,以形成足够稳定的结构,从而使物质在使用该结构的条件(例如生理条件)下保持物理结合。
生物学活性:如同本文所用,短语“生物学活性”是指任意物质在生物系统和/或生物体中有活性的性质。例如,当向生物体给药时,对所述生物体有生物学作用的物质被认为是有生物学活性的。特定具体实施方式中,当核酸是具有生物学活性的时,具有整条核酸的至少一个生物学活性的核酸部分一般被称作“生物学活性”部分。
保守:如同本文所用,术语“保守的”是指多核苷酸序列或氨基酸序列各自的核苷酸或氨基酸残基,所述残基在所比较的两条或更多相关序列的相同位点不发生改变。相对保守的核苷酸或氨基酸是在较序列其他位置出现的核苷酸或氨基酸更相关的序列中保守的核苷酸或氨基酸。在一些具体实施方式中,如果两条或更多序列彼此具有100%同一性,则被称作“完全保守”。在一些具体实施方式中,如果两条或更多序列彼此具有至少70%同一性、至少80%同一性、至少90%同一性或至少95%同一性,则被称作“高度保守”。在一些具体实施方式中,如果两条或更多序列彼此具有大约70%同一性、大约80%同一性、大约90%同一性、大约95%同一性、大约98%同一性或大约99%同一性,则被称为“高度保守”。在一些具体实施方式中,如果两条或更多序列彼此之间具有至少30%同一性、至少40%同一性、至少50%同一性、至少60%同一性、至少70%同一性、至少80%同一性、至少90%同一性或至少95%同一性则被称为“保守”。在一些具体实施方式中,如果两条或更多序列彼此之间具有大约30%同一性、大约40%同一性、大约50%同一性、大约60%同一性、大约70%同一性、大约80%同一性、大约90%同一性、大约95%同一性、大约98%同一性或大约99%同一性则被称作“保守”。
表达:如同本文所用,核酸序列的“表达”是指一个或多个以下事件:(1)从DNA序列产生RNA模板(例如,通过转录);(2)加工RNA转录本(例如,剪接、编辑、5’加帽和/或3’末端处理);(3)将RNA翻译成多肽或蛋白;以及(4)多肽或蛋白的翻译后修饰。
离体:如同本文所用,“离体”是指事件在生物体外发生,例如,在生物体外的人工环境中的组织内或组织上,例如,对天然条件具有最小改变。
有功能的:如同本文所用,“有功能的”生物分子是以显示以之表征的性质和/或活性的形式的生物分子。
同源:如同本文所用,术语“同源”是指聚合分子之间(例如,核酸分子(例如,DNA分子和/或RNA分子)之间和/或多肽分子之间)的总的关联整体相关性。在一些具体实施方式中,如果聚合分子的序列有至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少99%的同一性,则认为其彼此“同源”。在一些具体实施方式中,如果聚合分子的序列有至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少99%相似,则认为其彼此“同源”。术语“同源”必然涉及至少两条序列(核苷酸序列或氨基酸序列)之间的比较。按照本发明,如果其编码的多肽中至少约20个氨基酸的至少一段有至少约50%同一性、至少约60%同一性、至少约70%同一性、至少约80%同一性或至少约90%同一性,则认为两条核苷酸同源。在一些具体实施方式中,通过编码至少4-5个独特的氨基酸的片段的能力鉴定同源核苷酸序列。对于待考虑同一性的核苷酸序列,必须考虑这些氨基酸彼此相对的同一性和临近空间(approximate spacing)两者。对于长度少于60个核苷酸的核苷酸序列,通过编码至少4-5个独特氨基酸的片段的能力确定同源性。按照本发明,如果蛋白质的至少约20个氨基酸至少一段之间具有至少约50%同一性、至少约60%同一性、至少约70%同一性、至少约80%同一性或至少约90%同一性,则认为这两条蛋白序列是同源的。
同一性:如同本文所用,术语“同一性”是指聚合分子(例如,核酸分子(例如,DNA分子和/或RNA分子)之间和/或多肽分子之间)的整体相关性。例如,计算两条核酸序列的同一性百分数可以通过,例如出于最佳比较目的而对齐所述两条序列(例如,出于最佳对齐目的在第一和第二核酸序列之一或两条中都引入间隔,为比较的目的而可以忽视不相同的序列)而进行。某些具体实施方式中,出于比较目的对齐的序列的长度是参照序列长度的至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少90%、至少95%或100%。随后比较相应核苷酸位置的核苷酸。当第一序列中的位置被与第二序列相应位点的核苷酸相同的核苷酸所占据时,则该位置的分子是相同的。两条序列之间的同一性百分数是考虑了出于两条序列最佳对齐的目的而需要引入的间隔的数量和每个间隔的长度后,序列间共有的相同位点的数量的函数。两条序列间的序列比较和同一性百分数的计算可以利用数学算法实现。例如,两条序列间的同一性百分数可以利用如Computational MolecularBiology,Lesk,A.M.编,牛津大学印制,纽约,1988年;Biocomputing:Informatics andGenome Projects,Smith,D.W.编,Academic Press,纽约,1993年;Sequence Analysisin Molecular Biology,von Heinje,G,Academic Press,1987年;Computer Analysis ofSequence Data,部分I,Griffin,A.M.和Griffin,H.G.编,Humana Press,新泽西,1994年;以及Sequence Analysis Primer,Gribskov,M.和Devereux,J.编,M Stockton Press,纽约,1991年描述的方法测定,以上全部在此通过引证而全文引入。例如,两条核苷酸序列间的同一性百分数可以利用已被嵌入使用PAM120加权余数表(间隔长度罚分为12,间隔罚分为4)的ALIGN程序(2.0版)的Meyers和Miller算法(CABIOS,1989年,4:11-17)测定。或者,两条核苷酸序列之间的同一性百分数也可以通过利用NWS gapdna.CMP矩阵的GCG软件包中的GAP程序测定。通常用于测定序列间同一性百分数的方法包括,但不限于在Carillo,H.和Lipman,D.,SIAM J Applied Math.,48:1073(1988年)(在此通过引证而全文引入)中公开的那些。用于测定同一性的技术被编码成公众可获得的计算机程序。用于测定两条序列间同源性的示例性计算机软件包括,但不限于,GCG程序包,Devereux,J.等,Nucleic Acids Research,12(1),387(1984年)),BLASTP、BLASTN和FASTA Atschul,S.F.等,J.Molec.Biol.,215,403(1990年))。
抑制基因表达:如同本文所用,短语“抑制基因表达”表示导致基因表达产物数量的减少。表达产物可以是自基因转录的RNA(例如,mRNA)或自基因转录的mRNA所翻译的多肽。mRNA水平的降低一般导致由此翻译的多肽水平的降低。可以通过用于测定mRNA或蛋白质的标准技术测定表达水平。
体外:如同本文所用,术语“体外”是指发生在人工环境(例如,试管或反应器、细胞培养物、皮氏培养皿等)的事件,而非在生物体内(例如,动物、植物或微生物)。
体内:如同本文所用,术语“体内”是指发生在生物体内(例如,动物、植物或微生物)的事件。
分离的:如同本文所用,术语“分离的”是指物质或实体已经(1)从在产生之初与之相关的至少一些成分中分离(不论天然环境或试验环境),和/或(2)人工进行生产、制备和/或制造。分离的物质和/或分子可以自产生之初与之相关的至少约10%、约20%、约30%、约40%、约50%、约60%、约70%、约80%、约90%或更多的其他成分中分离。在一些具体实施方式中,分离的物质有大于约80%、约85%、约90%、约91%、约92%、约93%、约94%、约95%、约96%、约97%、约98%、约99%或超过99%的纯度。如同本文所用,如果基本上不含其他化合物,则物质是“纯”的。
预防:如同本文所用,术语“预防”是指部分地或彻底地延缓特定疾病、病况和/或病症的发作;部分地或彻底地延缓特定疾病、病况和/或症状的一个或多个症状、特征或临床表现的发作(例如,在可鉴别的疾病、病况和/或病症之前);部分地或彻底地延缓从潜在疾病、病况和/或症状发展到活跃的疾病、病况和/或病症;和/或减少发展成为与特定疾病、病况和/或症状相关的病理的风险。
相似性:如同本文所用,术语“相似性”是指多聚物分子之间的整体相关性,例如,核酸分子(例如,DNA分子和/或RNA分子)之间和/或多肽分子之间。如本领域所理解的,除了计算相似性百分数考虑保守取代外,可以通过与计算同一性百分数相同的方式计算多聚物分子彼此之间的相似性百分数。
受试者:如同本文所用,术语“受试者”或“病人或患者”是指例如,出于实验、诊断、预防和/或治疗目的的,可以施用按照本发明的组合物的任意的生物体。典型的受试者包括动物(例如,哺乳动物,如小鼠、大鼠、兔、非人灵长类和人)和/或植物。
基本上:如同本文所用,术语“基本上”是指目标特征或性质表现整个或近乎整个程度(extend或degree)的定性情况。生物领域普通技术人员理解,生物和化学现象几乎不会,如果有的话,达到完成和/或进行到完全或者达到或避免绝对结果。因此术语“基本上”本文用于表示许多生物和化学现象内在具有的潜在缺乏的完全性(completeness)。
遭受或患有:“患有”疾病、病况和/或病症的个体被诊断为患有或表现出疾病、病况和/或病症的一个或多个症状。
易感或易患:对疾病、病况和/或病症“易感”的个体未被诊断患有和/或可能没有显示出疾病、病况和/或病症的症状。在一些具体实施方式中,对于疾病、病况和/或病症(例如,癌症)易感的个体可能由以下一个或多个进行表征:(1)与疾病、病况和/或病症形成有关的基因突变;(2)与疾病、病况和/或病症有关的遗传多态性;(3)与疾病、病况和/或病症有关的蛋白质和/或核酸活性和/或表达的提高和/或降低;(4)与疾病、病况和/或病症形成有关的习惯和/或生活方式;(5)疾病、病况和/或病症的家族史;以及(6)接触和/或感染了与疾病、病况和/或病症有关的微生物。在一些具体实施方式中,对于疾病、病况和/或病症易感的个体会罹患疾病、病况和/或病症。在一些具体实施方式中,对于疾病、病况和/或病症易感的个体不会罹患疾病、病况和/或病症。
治疗有效量:如同本文所用,术语“治疗有效量”表示当施用于患有或易感于疾病、病况和/或病症的受试者时,待递送药剂(例如,核酸、药物、治疗药剂、诊断药剂、预防药剂等等)的量足以治疗、改善疾病、病况和/或病症的症状,诊断、预防和/或延缓其发作。
转录因子:如同本文所用,术语“转录因子”是指调节(例如,通过激活或抑制转录)DNA转录成RNA的DNA结合蛋白。某些转录因子单独影响转录调节,而其他则于其他的蛋白质共同起作用。某些转录因子在一定的条件下既可以激活转录也可以抑制转录。通常,转录因子结合特定靶序列或与靶基因的调节区中的特定共有序列高度相似的序列。转录因子可以单独调节靶基因的转录或与其他分子构成复合物而调节。
治疗:如同本文所用,术语“治疗”是指部分地或彻底地缓解、改善、改进、解除特定疾病、病况和/或症病症,延缓其发作,抑制其发展,降低其严重度,和/或减少其一个或多个症状、特征、或临床表现的发生。例如,“治疗”癌症可以是指抑制肿瘤的存活、生长和/或扩散。治疗可以是施用于没有出现疾病、病况和/或病症的征兆(例如,在可鉴别的疾病、病况和/或病症之前)的受试者,和/或出于降低发展成与疾病、病况和/或病症相关的病理的风险的目的,施用于仅出现疾病、病况和/或病症早期征兆的受试者。在一些具体实施方式中,治疗包括向有需要的受试者递送与治疗活性核酸有关的蛋白质。
非修饰的:如同本文所用,“非修饰的”是指修饰前的核酸。
实施例
实施例1:合成修饰的mRNA
本发明的修饰的mRNA(modRNA)是利用标准实验室方法和材料而制备的。感兴趣的基因的开放阅读框(ORF)两侧为包含强Kozak翻译起始信号的5’非翻译区(UTR)和α-球蛋白3’UTR,所述α-球蛋白3’UTR以用作polyA加尾模板的oligo(dT)序列结尾。用假尿苷(ψ)和5-甲基-胞苷(5meC)修饰modRNA,以减少细胞天然免疫反应的。Kariko K等,Immunity 23:165-75(2005年),Kariko K等,Mol Ther16:1833-40(2008年),Anderson BR等,NAR(2010年)。
克隆、基因合成和载体测序由DNA2.0Inc(Menlo Park,CA)完成。载体序列和插入序列如SEQ ID NOs:5-8所示。利用XbaI或HindⅢ对ORF进行限制性酶切消化并且利用加尾-PCR用于cDNA合成。该加尾-PCR的cDNA产物作为修饰的mRNA合成反应的模板使用,所述合成反应利用修饰的核苷混合物(修饰的U/C由TriLink Biotech,San Diego,CA制造,未修饰的A/G自Epicenter Biotechnologies,Madison,WI购买)和CellScript MegaScriptTM(Epicenter Biotechnologies,Madison,WI)完全mRNA合成试剂盒,其中每种核苷的浓度为25mM。该体外转录反应在37℃下进行3-4小时。PCR反应使用HiFi PCR 2X Master MixTM(Kapa Biosystems,Woburn,MA)。该体外转录的mRNA产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳并显像。利用Ambion/AppliedBiosystems(Austin,TX)MEGAClear RNATM纯化试剂盒纯化mRNA。利用PureLinkTMPCR纯化试剂盒(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)或PCR cleanup试剂盒(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)进行PCR。产物在NanodropTM UV Absorbance(ThermoFisher,Waltham,MA)上定量。产物的质量、紫外吸收性质和可视化在1.2%琼脂糖凝胶上进行。产物在TE缓冲液中重悬。
利用酵母Poly(A)聚合酶(Affymetrix,Santa Clara,CA)对带有腺苷类似物的修饰mRNA进行poly(A)加尾。利用HiFi PCR 2X Master MixTM(Kapa Biosystems,Woburn,MA)进行PCR反应。利用重组痘病毒加帽酶(New England BioLabs,Ipswich,MA)和重组2’-氧-甲基转移酶(Epicenter Biotechnologies,Madison,WI)对修饰RNA进行转录后加帽,以产生5’-鸟苷Cap 1结构。Cap 2结构和Cap 3结构可以利用额外的2’-o-甲基转移酶产生。体外转录的mRNA产物进行琼脂糖电泳并显像。修饰的RNA用Ambion/Applied Biosystems(Austin,TX)MEGAClear RNATM纯化试剂盒纯化。利用PureLinkTM PCR纯化试剂盒(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)进行PCR。产物在NanodropTMUV Absorbance(ThermoFisher,Waltham,MA)上定量。产物的质量、紫外吸收性质和可视化在1.2%琼脂糖凝胶上进行。产物在TE缓冲液中重悬。
示例性的加帽结构 可以在体外转录反应期间,按照厂家说明利用用以产生5’鸟苷帽子结构的以下化学RNA帽子类似物同时完成修饰RNA的5’加帽:3′-O-Me-m7G(5')ppp(5')G;G(5')ppp(5')A;G(5')ppp(5')G;m7G(5')ppp(5')A;m7G(5')ppp(5')G(New England BioLabs,Ipswich,MA)。可以利用用以产生“Cap 0”结构(m7G(5')ppp(5')G)的痘病毒加帽酶在转录后完成修饰RNA的5’加帽(NewEngland BioLabs,Ipswich,MA)。可以利用痘病毒加帽酶和2’-氧-甲基转移酶产生Cap 1结构(m7G(5')ppp(5')G-2’-O-甲基)。可以通过2’-氧-甲基转移酶将5’端倒数第三个核苷酸2’-氧-甲基化从而自Cap 1结构产生Cap 2结构。可以通过2’-氧-甲基转移酶将5’-倒数第二个核苷酸2’-氧-甲基化从而自Cap 2结构产生Cap 3结构。酶优选获自于重组来源。
当转染哺乳动物细胞时,修饰的mRNA可在12-18小时之内保持稳定或保持稳定的时间大于18小时(例如,24、36、48、60、72小时或者高于72小时)。
实施例2:在模式生物反应器中表达作为治疗药物的人G-CSF的哺乳动物商业 生产细胞系的再生
人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)前体的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示:
agcttttggaccctcgtacagaagctaatacgactcactatagggaaataagagagaaaagaagagtaagaagaaatataagagccaccatggccggtcccgcgacccaaagccccatgaaacttatggccctgcagttgctgctttggcactcggccctctggacagtccaagaagcgactcctctcggacctgcctcatcgttgccgcagtcattccttttgaagtgtctggagcaggtgcgaaagattcagggcgatggagccgcactccaagagaagctctgcgcgacatacaaactttgccatcccgaggagctcgtactgctcgggcacagcttggggattccctgggctcctctctcgtcctgtccgtcgcaggctttgcagttggcagggtgcctttcccagctccactccggtttgttcttgtatcagggactgctgcaagcccttgagggaatctcgccagaattgggcccgacgctggacacgttgcagctcgacgtggcggatttcgcaacaaccatctggcagcagatggaggaactggggatggcacccgcgctgcagcccacgcagggggcaatgccggcctttgcgtccgcgtttcagcgcagggcgggtggagtcctcgtagcgagccaccttcaatcatttttggaagtctcgtaccgggtgctgagacatcttgcgcagccgtgaagcgctgccttctgcggggcttgccttctggccatgcccttcttctctcccttgcacctgtacctcttggtctttgaataaagcctgagtaggaaggcggccgctcgagcatgcatctagagggcccaattcgccctattcgaagtcg(SEQ ID NO:1)
G-CSF mRNA的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示:
agcuuuuggacccucguacagaagcuaauacgacucacuauagggaaauaagagagaaaagaagaguaagaagaaauauaagagccaccauggccggucccgcgacccaaagccccaugaaacuuauggcccugcaguugcugcuuuggcacucggcccucuggacaguccaagaagcgacuccucucggaccugccucaucguugccgcagucauuccuuuugaagugucuggagcaggugcgaaagauucagggcgauggagccgcacuccaagagaagcucugcgcgacauacaaacuuugccaucccgaggagcucguacugcucgggcacagcuuggggauucccugggcuccucucucguccuguccgucgcaggcuuugcaguuggcagggugccuuucccagcuccacuccgguuuguucuuguaucagggacugcugcaagcccuugagggaaucucgccagaauugggcccgacgcuggacacguugcagcucgacguggcggauuucgcaacaaccaucuggcagcagauggaggaacuggggauggcacccgcgcugcagcccacgcagggggcaaugccggccuuugcguccgcguuucagcgcagggcggguggaguccucguagcgagccaccuucaaucauuuuuggaagucucguaccgggugcugagacaucuugcgcagccgugaagcgcugccuucugcggggcuugccuucuggccaugcccuucuucucucccuugcaccuguaccucuuggucuuugaauaaagccugaguaggaaggcggccgcucgagcaugcaucuagagggcccaauucgcccuauucgaagucg(SEQ ID NO:2)
示例性G-CSF修饰mRNA(modRNA)的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示:
ag5meCψψψψgga5meC5meC5meCψ5meCgψa5meCagaag5meCψaaψa5meCga5meCψ5meCa5meCψaψagggaaaψaagagagaaaagaagagψaagaagaaaψaψaagag5meC5meCa5meC5meCaψgg5meC5meCggψ5meC5meC5meCg5meCga5meC5meC5meCaaag5meC5meC5meC5meCaψgaaa5meCψψaψgg5meC5meC5meCψg5meCagψψg5meCψg5meCψψψgg5meCa5meCψ5meCgg5meC5meC5meCψ5meCψgga5meCagψ5meC5meCaagaag5meCga5meCψ5meC5meCψ5meCψ5meCgga5meC5meCψg5meC5meCψ5meCaψ5meCgψψg5meC5meCg5meCagψ5meCaψψ5meC5meCψψψψgaagψgψ5meCψggag5meCaggψg5meCgaaagaψψ5meCaggg5meCgaψggag5meC5meCg5meCa5meCψ5meC5meCaagagaag5meCψ5meCψg5meCg5meCga5meCaψa5meCaaa5meCψψψg5meC5meCaψ5meC5meC5meCgaggag5meCψ5meCgψa5meCψg5meCψ5meCggg5meCa5meCag5meCψψggggaψψ5meC5meC5meCψggg5meCψ5meC5meCψ5meCψ5meCψ5meCgψ5meC5meCψgψ5meC5meCgψ5meCg5meCagg5meCψψψg5meCagψψgg5meCagggψg5meC5meCψψψ5meC5meC5meCag5meCψ5meC5meCa5meCψ5meC5meCggψψψgψψ5meCψψgψaψ5meCaggga5meCψg5meCψg5meCaag5meC5meC5meCψψgagggaaψ5meCψ5meCg5meC5meCagaaψψggg5meC5meC5meCga5meCg5meCψgga5meCa5meCgψψg5meCag5meCψ5meCga5meCgψgg5meCggaψψψ5meCg5meCaa5meCaa5meC5meCaψ5meCψgg5meCag5meCagaψggaggaa5meCψggggaψgg5meCa5meC5meC5meCg5meCg5meCψg5meCag5meC5meC5meCa5meCg5meCaggggg5meCaaψg5meC5meCgg5meC5meCψψψg5meCgψ5meC5meCg5meCgψψψ5meCag5meCg5meCaggg5meCgggψggagψ5meC5meCψ5meCgψag5meCgag5meC5meCa5meC5meCψψ5meCaaψ5meCaψψψψψggaagψ5meCψ5meCgψa5meC5meCgggψg5meCψgaga5meCaψ5meCψψg5meCg5meCag5meC5meCgψgaag5meCg5meCψg5meC5meCψψ5meCψg5meCgggg5meCψψg5meC5meCψψ5meCψgg5meC5meCaψg5meC5meC5meCψψ5meCψψ5meCψ5meCψ5meC5meC5meCψψg5meCa5meC5meCψgψa5meC5meCψ5meCψψggψ5meCψψψgaaψaaag5meC5meCψgagψaggaagg5meCgg5meC5meCg5meCψ5meCgag5meCaψg5meCaψ5meCψagaggg5meC5meC5meCaaψψ5meCg5meC5meC5meCψaψψ5meCgaagψ5meCg(SEQ IDNO:3)
图1显示了获自转染有G-CSF的modRNA的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)的酶联免疫试验(ELISA)。CHO细胞在补充了L-谷氨酰、次黄嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶核苷的CD CHO培养基中生长。在盛有7ml培养基的获自Corning的75cm2培养皿中用复合了购自Invitrogen的RNAiMax的24μg modRNA转染2×106个细胞。RNA:RNAiMAX复合体的制备:首先,将RNA在室温下与5×体积稀释的CD CHO培养基孵育10分钟;在第二个瓶中,将RNAiMAX试剂在室温下与10×体积稀释的CD CHO培养基孵育10分钟;随后将RNA瓶与RNAiMAX瓶混合并在室温下孵育20-30,然后以逐滴方式加入至细胞中。在转染后12和24小时测量培养基中分泌的huG-CSF浓度。将细胞悬液贮存在-20℃。按厂家说明使用购自Invitrogen的ELISA试剂盒测定自转染的人胚肾细胞中分泌的人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)的量。这些数据显示,huG-CSF modRNA(SEQ ID NO:3)能在CHO细胞中翻译,huG-CSF被分泌到细胞外并释放到细胞外环境中。进一步,这些数据证明为生产分泌的蛋白质的目的,用modRNA huG-CSF对细胞进行转染而进行分泌蛋白的生产规模可以等比例放大生物反应器或大型细胞培养条件。
实施例3:表达作为治疗药剂的人源化IgG抗体(曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗) 的哺乳动物商业生产细胞株在模式生物反应器中的再生(de novo)
利妥昔单抗重链的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示:
CTCGTACAGAAGCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAGAAATATAAGAGCCACCATGGCCGTGATGGCGCCGAGGACCCTGGTGCTCTTGCTCACGGGTGCCTTGGCCCTCACGCAAACATGGGCGGGACAGGCGTACTTGCAGCAGTCAGGGGCAGAACTCGTAAGGCCCGGAGCGTCGGTGAAGATGTCGTGTAAAGCGTCGGGCTATACTTTCACATCGTACAACATGCACTGGGTCAAACAGACGCCCCGACAAGGGCTGGAGTGGATTGGAGCTATCTACCCCGGTAACGGGGATACGTCGTACAACCAGAAGTTTAAGGGGAAGGCGACTCTTACTGTCGACAAGTCGTCCTCCACCGCCTATATGCAGCTGTCGAGCCTGACTTCGGAAGATTCAGCGGTGTACTTTTGTGCGCGCGTGGTCTATTACTCAAATTCGTATTGGTATTTCGATGTGTGGGGTACGGGGACCACTGTGACCGTGTCAGGACCCTCGGTATTCCCCCTCGCGCCTAGCTCAAAGTCCACCTCCGGGGGAACAGCCGCCTTGGGTTGCTTGGTAAAGGACTATTTCCCCGAGCCCGTCACAGTGAGCTGGAACTCCGGGGCACTGACATCGGGAGTGCACACGTTTCCCGCGGTACTTCAGTCATCAGGACTCTACTCGCTGTCAAGCGTGGTCACGGTGCCTTCATCCTCCCTTGGAACGCAGACTTACATCTGCAACGTGAATCATAAGCCTAGCAATACCAAGGTCGACAAGAAAGCCGAACCCAAATCATGTGATAAAACACACACGTGTCCTCCCTGCCCCGCACCGGAGCTTCTCGGGGGACCGAGCGTGTTCTTGTTTCCACCTAAGCCGAAAGATACGCTTATGATCTCCCGGACCCCCGAAGTAACTTGCGTAGTAGTAGACGTAAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAAGTGAAATTCAATTGGTACGTCGACGGAGTGGAGGTCCATAATGCGAAAACAAAGCCGAGAGAGGAACAGTACAATTCCACATACCGCGTCGTAAGCGTCTTGACAGTATTGCATCAGGATTGGCTGAACGGAAAGGAATACAAGTGCAAAGTATCAAACAAAGCACTTCCGGCACCGATTGAAAAGACGATCTCAAAAGCAAAAGGGCAACCTCGGGAGCCACAAGTCTATACTCTCCCGCCGTCGCGCGATGAATTGACCAAAAACCAGGTGTCCCTTACATGTCTCGTAAAGGGTTTTTACCCGTCAGACATCGCCGTCGAGTGGGAGTCAAACGGTCAGCCGGAGAATAACTATAAGACGACCCCACCAGTCTTGGACAGCGATGGCTCCTTCTTCTTGTATTCAAAGCTGACGGTGGACAAATCGAGATGGCAGCAGGGTAATGTGTTTTCGTGCAGCGTCATGCACGAGGCGCTTCATAATCATTACACTCAAAAGTCCCTGTCGCTGTCGCCCGGAAAGCACCATCACCACCACCATTGAAGCGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAGGCGGCCGCTCGAGCATGCATCTAGA(SEQ ID NO:4)
利妥昔单抗重链的mRNA的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:5所示:
CUCGUACAGAAGCUAAUACGACUCACUAUAGGGAAAUAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGUAAGAAGAAAUAUAAGAGCCACCAUGGCCGUGAUGGCGCCGAGGACCCUGGUGCUCUUGCUCACGGGUGCCUUGGCCCUCACGCAAACAUGGGCGGGACAGGCGUACUUGCAGCAGUCAGGGGCAGAACUCGUAAGGCCCGGAGCGUCGGUGAAGAUGUCGUGUAAAGCGUCGGGCUAUACUUUCACAUCGUACAACAUGCACUGGGUCAAACAGACGCCCCGACAAGGGCUGGAGUGGAUUGGAGCUAUCUACCCCGGUAACGGGGAUACGUCGUACAACCAGAAGUUUAAGGGGAAGGCGACUCUUACUGUCGACAAGUCGUCCUCCACCGCCUAUAUGCAGCUGUCGAGCCUGACUUCGGAAGAUUCAGCGGUGUACUUUUGUGCGCGCGUGGUCUAUUACUCAAAUUCGUAUUGGUAUUUCGAUGUGUGGGGUACGGGGACCACUGUGACCGUGUCAGGACCCUCGGUAUUCCCCCUCGCGCCUAGCUCAAAGUCCACCUCCGGGGGAACAGCCGCCUUGGGUUGCUUGGUAAAGGACUAUUUCCCCGAGCCCGUCACAGUGAGCUGGAACUCCGGGGCACUGACAUCGGGAGUGCACACGUUUCCCGCGGUACUUCAGUCAUCAGGACUCUACUCGCUGUCAAGCGUGGUCACGGUGCCUUCAUCCUCCCUUGGAACGCAGACUUACAUCUGCAACGUGAAUCAUAAGCCUAGCAAUACCAAGGUCGACAAGAAAGCCGAACCCAAAUCAUGUGAUAAAACACACACGUGUCCUCCCUGCCCCGCACCGGAGCUUCUCGGGGGACCGAGCGUGUUCUUGUUUCCACCUAAGCCGAAAGAUACGCUUAUGAUCUCCCGGACCCCCGAAGUAACUUGCGUAGUAGUAGACGUAAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAAGUGAAAUUCAAUUGGUACGUCGACGGAGUGGAGGUCCAUAAUGCGAAAACAAAGCCGAGAGAGGAACAGUACAAUUCCACAUACCGCGUCGUAAGCGUCUUGACAGUAUUGCAUCAGGAUUGGCUGAACGGAAAGGAAUACAAGUGCAAAGUAUCAAACAAAGCACUUCCGGCACCGAUUGAAAAGACGAUCUCAAAAGCAAAAGGGCAACCUCGGGAGCCACAAGUCUAUACUCUCCCGCCGUCGCGCGAUGAAUUGACCAAAAACCAGGUGUCCCUUACAUGUCUCGUAAAGGGUUUUUACCCGUCAGACAUCGCCGUCGAGUGGGAGUCAAACGGUCAGCCGGAGAAUAACUAUAAGACGACCCCACCAGUCUUGGACAGCGAUGGCUCCUUCUUCUUGUAUUCAAAGCUGACGGUGGACAAAUCGAGAUGGCAGCAGGGUAAUGUGUUUUCGUGCAGCGUCAUGCACGAGGCGCUUCAUAAUCAUUACACUCAAAAGUCCCUGUCGCUGUCGCCCGGAAAGCACCAUCACCACCACCAUUGAAGCGCUGCCUUCUGCGGGGCUUGCCUUCUGGCCAUGCCCUUCUUCUCUCCCUUGCACCUGUACCUCUUGGUCUUUGAAUAAAGCCUGAGUAGGAAGGCGGCCGCUCGAGCAUGCAUCUAGA(SEQ ID NO:5)
利妥昔单抗轻链的核酸序列的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:6所示:
CTCGTACAGAAGCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAGAAATATAAGAGCCACCATGGCTGTCATGGCCCCGAGAACACTTGTGCTGTTGTTGACAGGAGCGCTCGCACTCACACAGACTTGGGCCGGTCAGATTGTGCTCAGCCAGTCGCCAGCGATCCTTTCGGCCTCCCCTGGTGAGAAAGTAACGATGACGTGCCGAGCCTCCTCAAGCGTGTCATACATGCATTGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCTGGGTCGTCGCCCAAGCCCTGGATCTACGCCCCGTCCAATCTTGCGTCAGGGGTCCCGGCACGGTTCAGCGGATCGGGGTCGGGTACATCGTATTCACTCACGATTAGCCGCGTAGAGGCCGAGGACGCGGCGACTTACTACTGTCAGCAATGGTCCTTTAATCCACCCACGTTTGGAGCGGGCACCAAGCTCGAACTTAAAAGAACGGTCGCCGCACCCTCAGTGTTTATCTTCCCGCCCTCGGACGAACAACTTAAGTCGGGGACCGCTTCCGTGGTGTGCTTGCTGAACAATTTCTATCCTCGGGAAGCTAAAGTGCAATGGAAAGTCGATAACGCATTGCAGAGCGGAAACTCACAAGAGTCGGTAACTGAGCAGGATAGCAAGGATTCGACATACTCGCTGAGCAGCACGCTGACGTTGTCCAAGGCGGACTACGAGAAACACAAGGTATATGCGTGTGAAGTCACCCACCAGGGATTGTCATCGCCGGTCACCAAATCATTCAACAGGTGATAAAGCGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAGGCGGCCGCTCGAGCATGCATCTAGA(SEQ ID NO:6)
利妥昔单抗的轻链的mRNA的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:7所示。
CUCGUACAGAAGCUAAUACGACUCACUAUAGGGAAAUAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGUAAGAAGAAAUAUAAGAGCCACCAUGGCUGUCAUGGCCCCGAGAACACUUGUGCUGUUGUUGACAGGAGCGCUCGCACUCACACAGACUUGGGCCGGUCAGAUUGUGCUCAGCCAGUCGCCAGCGAUCCUUUCGGCCUCCCCUGGUGAGAAAGUAACGAUGACGUGCCGAGCCUCCUCAAGCGUGUCAUACAUGCAUUGGUAUCAGCAGAAGCCUGGGUCGUCGCCCAAGCCCUGGAUCUACGCCCCGUCCAAUCUUGCGUCAGGGGUCCCGGCACGGUUCAGCGGAUCGGGGUCGGGUACAUCGUAUUCACUCACGAUUAGCCGCGUAGAGGCCGAGGACGCGGCGACUUACUACUGUCAGCAAUGGUCCUUUAAUCCACCCACGUUUGGAGCGGGCACCAAGCUCGAACUUAAAAGAACGGUCGCCGCACCCUCAGUGUUUAUCUUCCCGCCCUCGGACGAACAACUUAAGUCGGGGACCGCUUCCGUGGUGUGCUUGCUGAACAAUUUCUAUCCUCGGGAAGCUAAAGUGCAAUGGAAAGUCGAUAACGCAUUGCAGAGCGGAAACUCACAAGAGUCGGUAACUGAGCAGGAUAGCAAGGAUUCGACAUACUCGCUGAGCAGCACGCUGACGUUGUCCAAGGCGGACUACGAGAAACACAAGGUAUAUGCGUGUGAAGUCACCCACCAGGGAUUGUCAUCGCCGGUCACCAAAUCAUUCAACAGGUGAUAAAGCGCUGCCUUCUGCGGGGCUUGCCUUCUGGCCAUGCCCUUCUUCUCUCCCUUGCACCUGUACCUCUUGGUCUUUGAAUAAAGCCUGAGUAGGAAGGCGGCCGCUCGAGCAUGCAUCUAGA(SEQ ID NO:7)
曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)的重链的核酸序列的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:8所示:
CTCGTACAGAAGCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAGAAATATAAGAGCCACCATGGCCGTGATGGCGCCGCGGACCCTGGTCCTCCTGCTGACCGGCGCCCTCGCCCTGACGCAGACCTGGGCCGGGGAGGTGCAGCTGGTCGAGAGCGGCGGGGGCCTCGTGCAGCCGGGCGGGTCGCTGCGGCTGAGCTGCGCCGCGAGCGGGTTCAACATCAAGGACACCTACATCCACTGGGTGCGCCAGGCCCCCGGCAAGGGCCTCGAGTGGGTCGCCCGGATCTACCCCACGAACGGGTACACCCGCTACGCCGACAGCGTGAAGGGCCGGTTCACCATCAGCGCGGACACCTCGAAGAACACGGCCTACCTGCAGATGAACAGCCTGCGCGCCGAGGACACCGCCGTGTACTACTGCAGCCGGTGGGGCGGCGACGGGTTCTACGCCATGGACTACTGGGGGCAGGGCACCCTCGTCACCGTGAGCAGCGCGTCGACGAAGGGGCCCAGCGTGTTCCCGCTGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACCAGCGGCGGGACCGCCGCCCTGGGCTGCCTCGTCAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAGCCCGTGACCGTGTCGTGGAACAGCGGCGCGCTGACGAGCGGGGTCCACACCTTCCCGGCCGTGCTGCAGAGCAGCGGCCTCTACTCGCTGAGCAGCGTGGTCACCGTGCCCAGCAGCAGCCTGGGGACCCAGACGTACATCTGCAACGTGAACCACAAGCCCTCGAACACCAAGGTCGACAAGAAGGTGGAGCCCCCGAAGAGCTGCGACAAGACCCACACCTGCCCGCCCTGCCCCGCCCCCGAGCTCCTGGGCGGGCCCAGCGTGTTCCTGTTCCCGCCCAAGCCCAAGGACACGCTCATGATCAGCCGCACCCCCGAGGTCACCTGCGTGGTGGTCGACGTGAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAGGTGAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTCGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCACAACGCCAAGACCAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACTCGACGTACCGCGTCGTGAGCGTGCTGACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTCAACGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTGAGCAACAAGGCCCTGCCCGCGCCCATCGAGAAGACCATCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGGCAGCCCCGGGAGCCGCAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCCAGCCGCGACGAGCTCACGAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTGAAGGGCTTCTACCCCTCGGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAACGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACCCCGCCCGTCCTCGACAGCGACGGCAGCTTCTTCCTGTACAGCAAGCTGACGGTGGACAAGTCGCGGTGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCAGCTGCAGCGTCATGCACGAGGCCCTCCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGAGCCTGAGCCTGAGCCCCGGGAAGCATCATCATCATCATCATTGAAGCGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAGGCGGCCGCTCGAGCATGCATCTAGA(SEQ ID NO:8)
曲妥珠单抗的重链的mRNA的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:9所示:
CUCGUACAGAAGCUAAUACGACUCACUAUAGGGAAAUAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGUAAGAAGAAAUAUAAGAGCCACCAUGGCCGUGAUGGCGCCGCGGACCCUGGUCCUCCUGCUGACCGGCGCCCUCGCCCUGACGCAGACCUGGGCCGGGGAGGUGCAGCUGGUCGAGAGCGGCGGGGGCCUCGUGCAGCCGGGCGGGUCGCUGCGGCUGAGCUGCGCCGCGAGCGGGUUCAACAUCAAGGACACCUACAUCCACUGGGUGCGCCAGGCCCCCGGCAAGGGCCUCGAGUGGGUCGCCCGGAUCUACCCCACGAACGGGUACACCCGCUACGCCGACAGCGUGAAGGGCCGGUUCACCAUCAGCGCGGACACCUCGAAGAACACGGCCUACCUGCAGAUGAACAGCCUGCGCGCCGAGGACACCGCCGUGUACUACUGCAGCCGGUGGGGCGGCGACGGGUUCUACGCCAUGGACUACUGGGGGCAGGGCACCCUCGUCACCGUGAGCAGCGCGUCGACGAAGGGGCCCAGCGUGUUCCCGCUGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACCAGCGGCGGGACCGCCGCCCUGGGCUGCCUCGUCAAGGACUACUUCCCCGAGCCCGUGACCGUGUCGUGGAACAGCGGCGCGCUGACGAGCGGGGUCCACACCUUCCCGGCCGUGCUGCAGAGCAGCGGCCUCUACUCGCUGAGCAGCGUGGUCACCGUGCCCAGCAGCAGCCUGGGGACCCAGACGUACAUCUGCAACGUGAACCACAAGCCCUCGAACACCAAGGUCGACAAGAAGGUGGAGCCCCCGAAGAGCUGCGACAAGACCCACACCUGCCCGCCCUGCCCCGCCCCCGAGCUCCUGGGCGGGCCCAGCGUGUUCCUGUUCCCGCCCAAGCCCAAGGACACGCUCAUGAUCAGCCGCACCCCCGAGGUCACCUGCGUGGUGGUCGACGUGAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAGGUGAAGUUCAACUGGUACGUCGACGGCGUGGAGGUGCACAACGCCAAGACCAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGUACAACUCGACGUACCGCGUCGUGAGCGUGCUGACCGUCCUGCACCAGGACUGGCUCAACGGCAAGGAGUACAAGUGCAAGGUGAGCAACAAGGCCCUGCCCGCGCCCAUCGAGAAGACCAUCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGGCAGCCCCGGGAGCCGCAGGUGUACACCCUGCCCCCCAGCCGCGACGAGCUCACGAAGAACCAGGUCAGCCUGACCUGCCUGGUGAAGGGCUUCUACCCCUCGGACAUCGCCGUGGAGUGGGAGAGCAACGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACUACAAGACCACCCCGCCCGUCCUCGACAGCGACGGCAGCUUCUUCCUGUACAGCAAGCUGACGGUGGACAAGUCGCGGUGGCAGCAGGGCAACGUGUUCAGCUGCAGCGUCAUGCACGAGGCCCUCCACAACCACUACACCCAGAAGAGCCUGAGCCUGAGCCCCGGGAAGCAUCAUCAUCAUCAUCAUUGAAGCGCUGCCUUCUGCGGGGCUUGCCUUCUGGCCAUGCCCUUCUUCUCUCCCUUGCACCUGUACCUCUUGGUCUUUGAAUAAAGCCUGAGUAGGAAGGCGGCCGCUCGAGCAUGCAUCUAGA(SEQ ID NO:9)
曲妥珠单抗轻链的核酸序列的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:10所示:
CTCGTACAGAAGCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAAATAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGTAAGAAGAAATATAAGAGCCACCATGGCCGTGATGGCGCCGCGGACCCTGGTCCTCCTGCTGACCGGCGCCCTCGCCCTGACGCAGACCTGGGCCGGGGACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCGTCGAGCCTGAGCGCCAGCGTGGGCGACCGGGTCACGATCACCTGCCGCGCGAGCCAGGACGTGAACACCGCCGTGGCCTGGTACCAGCAGAAGCCCGGGAAGGCCCCCAAGCTCCTGATCTACTCGGCGAGCTTCCTGTACAGCGGCGTCCCCAGCCGGTTCAGCGGGTCGCGCAGCGGCACCGACTTCACGCTCACCATCAGCAGCCTGCAGCCGGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGCACTACACCACGCCCCCCACCTTCGGGCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAGATCAAGCGGACCGTGGCCGCCCCCAGCGTCTTCATCTTCCCGCCCAGCGACGAGCAGCTGAAGTCGGGCACGGCCAGCGTGGTGTGCCTCCTGAACAACTTCTACCCCCGCGAGGCGAAGGTCCAGTGGAAGGTGGACAACGCCCTGCAGAGCGGGAACAGCCAGGAGAGCGTGACCGAGCAGGACTCGAAGGACAGCACCTACAGCCTCAGCAGCACCCTGACGCTGAGCAAGGCCGACTACGAGAAGCACAAGGTCTACGCCTGCGAGGTGACCCACCAGGGGCTCTCGAGCCCCGTGACCAAGAGCTTCAACCGGGGCGAGTGCTGAAGCGCTGCCTTCTGCGGGGCTTGCCTTCTGGCCATGCCCTTCTTCTCTCCCTTGCACCTGTACCTCTTGGTCTTTGAATAAAGCCTGAGTAGGAAGGCGGCCGCTCGAGCATGCATCTAGA(SEQ ID NO:10)
曲妥珠单抗轻链的mRNA的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:11所示:
CUCGUACAGAAGCUAAUACGACUCACUAUAGGGAAAUAAGAGAGAAAAGAAGAGUAAGAAGAAAUAUAAGAGCCACCAUGGCCGUGAUGGCGCCGCGGACCCUGGUCCUCCUGCUGACCGGCGCCCUCGCCCUGACGCAGACCUGGGCCGGGGACAUCCAGAUGACCCAGAGCCCGUCGAGCCUGAGCGCCAGCGUGGGCGACCGGGUCACGAUCACCUGCCGCGCGAGCCAGGACGUGAACACCGCCGUGGCCUGGUACCAGCAGAAGCCCGGGAAGGCCCCCAAGCUCCUGAUCUACUCGGCGAGCUUCCUGUACAGCGGCGUCCCCAGCCGGUUCAGCGGGUCGCGCAGCGGCACCGACUUCACGCUCACCAUCAGCAGCCUGCAGCCGGAGGACUUCGCCACCUACUACUGCCAGCAGCACUACACCACGCCCCCCACCUUCGGGCAGGGCACCAAGGUGGAGAUCAAGCGGACCGUGGCCGCCCCCAGCGUCUUCAUCUUCCCGCCCAGCGACGAGCAGCUGAAGUCGGGCACGGCCAGCGUGGUGUGCCUCCUGAACAACUUCUACCCCCGCGAGGCGAAGGUCCAGUGGAAGGUGGACAACGCCCUGCAGAGCGGGAACAGCCAGGAGAGCGUGACCGAGCAGGACUCGAAGGACAGCACCUACAGCCUCAGCAGCACCCUGACGCUGAGCAAGGCCGACUACGAGAAGCACAAGGUCUACGCCUGCGAGGUGACCCACCAGGGGCUCUCGAGCCCCGUGACCAAGAGCUUCAACCGGGGCGAGUGCUGAAGCGCUGCCUUCUGCGGGGCUUGCCUUCUGGCCAUGCCCUUCUUCUCUCCCUUGCACCUGUACCUCUUGGUCUUUGAAUAAAGCCUGAGUAGGAAGGCGGCCGCUCGAGCAUGCAUCUAGA(SEQ ID NO:11)
野生型CERT蛋白质的核苷酸序列的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:12所示:
atgtcggata atcagagctg gaactcgtcg ggctcggagg aggatccaga gacggagtctgggccgcctg tggagcgctg cggggtcctc agtaagtgga caaactacat tcatgggtggcaggatcgtt gggtagtttt gaaaaataat gctctgagtt actacaaatc tgaagatgaaacagagtatg gctgcagagg atccatctgt cttagcaagg ctgtcatcac acctcacgattttgatgaat gtcgatttga tattagtgta aatgatagtg tttggtatct tcgtgctcaggatccagatc atagacagca atggatagat gccattgaac agcacaagac tgaatctggatatggatctg aatccagctt gcgtcgacat ggctcaatgg tgtccctggt gtctggagcaagtggctact ctgcaacatc cacctcttca ttcaagaaag gccacagttt acgtgagaagttggctgaaa tggaaacatt tagagacatc ttatgtagac aagttgacac gctacagaagtactttgatg cctgtgctga tgctgtctct aaggatgaac ttcaaaggga taaagtggtagaagatgatg aagatgactt tcctacaacg cgttctgatg gtgacttctt gcatagtaccaacggcaata aagaaaagtt atttccacat gtgacaccaa aaggaattaa tggtatagactttaaagggg aagcgataac ttttaaagca actactgctg gaatccttgc aacactttctcattgtattg aactaatggt taaacgtgag gacagctggc agaagagact ggataaggaaactgagaaga aaagaagaac agaggaagca tataaaaatg caatgacaga acttaagaaaaaatcccact ttggaggacc agattatgaa gaaggcccta acagtctgat taatgaagaagagttctttg atgctgttga agctgctctt gacagacaag ataaaataga agaacagtcacagagtgaaa aggtgagatt acattggcct acatccttgc cctctggaga tgccttttcttctgtgggga cacatagatt tgtccaaaag gttgaagaga tggtgcagaa ccacatgacttactcattac aggatgtagg cggagatgcc aattggcagt tggttgtaga agaaggagaaatgaaggtat acagaagaga agtagaagaa aatgggattg ttctggatcc tttaaaagctacccatgcag ttaaaggcgt cacaggacat gaagtctgca attatttctg gaatgttgacgttcgcaatg actgggaaac aactatagaa aactttcatg tggtggaaac attagctgataatgcaatca tcatttatca aacacacaag agggtgtggc ctgcttctca gcgagacgtattatatcttt ctgtcattcg aaagatacca gccttgactg aaaatgaccc tgaaacttggatagtttgta atttttctgt ggatcatgac agtgctcctc taaacaaccg atgtgtccgtgccaaaataa atgttgctat gatttgtcaa accttggtaa gcccaccaga gggaaaccaggaaattagca gggacaacat tctatgcaag attacatatg tagctaatgt gaaccctggaggatgggcac cagcctcagt gttaagggca gtggcaaagc gagagtatcc taaatttctaaaacgtttta cttcttacgt ccaagaaaaa actgcaggaa agcctatttt gttctag(SEQ ID NO:12)
野生型CERT蛋白质的蛋白质序列如SEQ ID NO:13所示:
Met Ser Asp Asn Gin Ser Trp Asn Ser Ser Gly Ser Glu Glu Asp ProGlu Thr Glu Ser Gly Pro Pro Val Glu Arg Cys Gly Val Leu Ser LysTrp Thr Asn Tyr Ile His Gly Trp Gin Asp Arg Trp Val Val Leu LysAsn Asn Ala Leu Ser Tyr Tyr Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Thr Glu Tyr GlyCys Arg Gly Ser Ile Cys Leu Ser Lys Ala Val Ile Thr Pro His AspPhe Asp Glu Cys Arg Phe Asp Ile Ser Val Asn Asp Ser Val Trp TyrLeu Arg Ala Gin Asp Pro Asp His Arg Gin Gin Trp Ile Asp Ala IleGlu Gin His Lys Thr Glu Ser Gly Tyr Gly Ser Glu Ser Ser Leu ArgArg His Gly Ser Met Val Ser Leu Val Ser Gly Ala Ser Gly Tyr SerAla Thr Ser Thr Ser Ser Phe Lys Lys Gly His Ser Leu Arg Glu LysLeu Ala Glu Met Glu Thr Phe Arg Asp Ile Leu Cys Arg Gin Val AspThr Leu Gin Lys Tyr Phe Asp Ala Cys Ala Asp Ala Val Ser Lys AspGlu Leu Gin Arg Asp Lys Val Val Glu Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp Phe ProThr Thr Arg Ser Asp Gly Asp Phe Leu His Ser Thr Asn Gly Asn LysGlu Lys Leu Phe Pro His Val Thr Pro Lys Gly Ile Asn Gly Ile AspPhe Lys Gly Glu Ala Ile Thr Phe Lys Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Ile LeuAla Thr Leu Ser His Cys Ile Glu Leu Met Val Lys Arg Glu Asp SerTrp Gin Lys Arg Leu Asp Lys Glu Thr Glu Lys Lys Arg Arg Thr GluGlu Ala Tyr Lys Asn Ala Met Thr Glu Leu Lys Lys Lys Ser His PheGly Gly Pro Asp Tyr Glu Glu Gly Pro Asn Ser Leu Ile Asn Glu GluGlu Phe Phe Asp Ala Val Glu Ala Ala Leu Asp Arg Gin Asp Lys IleGlu Glu Gin Ser Gin Ser Glu Lys Val Arg Leu His Trp Pro Thr SerLeu Pro Ser Gly Asp Ala Phe Ser Ser Val Gly Thr His Arg Phe ValGin Lys Val Glu Glu Met Val Gin Asn His Met Thr Tyr Ser Leu GinAsp Val Gly Gly Asp Ala Asn Trp Gin Leu Val Val Glu Glu Gly GluMet Lys Val Tyr Arg Arg Glu Val Glu Glu Asn Gly Ile Val Leu AspPro Leu Lys Ala Thr His Ala Val Lys Gly Val Thr Gly His Glu ValCys Asn Tyr Phe Trp Asn Val Asp Val Arg Asn Asp Trp Glu Thr ThrIle Glu Asn Phe His Val Val Glu Thr Leu Ala Asp Asn Ala Ile IleIle Tyr Gin Thr His Lys Arg Val Trp Pro Ala Ser Gin Arg Asp ValLeu Tyr Leu Ser Val Ile Arg Lys Ile Pro Ala Leu Thr Glu Asn AspPro Glu Thr Trp Ile Val Cys Asn Phe Ser Val Asp His Asp Ser AlaPro Leu Asn Asn Arg Cys Val Arg Ala Lys Ile Asn Val Ala Met IleCys Gin Thr Leu Val Ser Pro Pro Glu Gly Asn Gin Glu Ile Ser Arg(SEQ ID NO:13)
Ser132A Cert突变体的核苷酸序列的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:14所示:
atgtcggata atcagagctg gaactcgtcg ggctcggagg aggatccaga gacggagtctgggccgcctg tggagcgctg cggggtcctc agtaagtgga caaactacat tcatgggtggcaggatcgtt gggtagtttt gaaaaataat gctctgagtt actacaaatc tgaagatgaaacagagtatg gctgcagagg atccatctgt cttagcaagg ctgtcatcac acctcacgattttgatgaat gtcgatttga tattagtgta aatgatagtg tttggtatct tcgtgctcaggatccagatc atagacagca atggatagat gccattgaac agcacaagac tgaatctggatatggatctg aatccagctt gcgtcgacat ggcgcaatgg tgtccctggt gtctggagcaagtggctact ctgcaacatc cacctcttca ttcaagaaag gccacagttt acgtgagaagttggctgaaa tggaaacatt tagagacatc ttatgtagac aagttgacac gctacagaagtactttgatg cctgtgctga tgctgtctct aaggatgaac ttcaaaggga taaagtggtagaagatgatg aagatgactt tcctacaacg cgttctgatg gtgacttctt gcatagtaccaacggcaata aagaaaagtt atttccacat gtgacaccaa aaggaattaa tggtatagactttaaagggg aagcgataac ttttaaagca actactgctg gaatccttgc aacactttctcattgtattg aactaatggt taaacgtgag gacagctggc agaagagact ggataaggaaactgagaaga aaagaagaac agaggaagca tataaaaatg caatgacaga acttaagaaaaaatcccact ttggaggacc agattatgaa gaaggcccta acagtctgat taatgaagaagagttctttg atgctgttga agctgctctt gacagacaag ataaaataga agaacagtcacagagtgaaa aggtgagatt acattggcct acatccttgc cctctggaga tgccttttcttctgtgggga cacatagatt tgtccaaaag gttgaagaga tggtgcagaa ccacatgacttactcattac aggatgtagg cggagatgcc aattggcagt tggttgtaga agaaggagaaatgaaggtat acagaagaga agtagaagaa aatgggattg ttctggatcc tttaaaagctacccatgcag ttaaaggcgt cacaggacat gaagtctgca attatttctg gaatgttgacgttcgcaatg actgggaaac aactatagaa aactttcatg tggtggaaac attagctgataatgcaatca tcatttatca aacacacaag agggtgtggc ctgcttctca gcgagacgtattatatcttt ctgtcattcg aaagatacca gccttgactg aaaatgaccc tgaaacttggatagtttgta atttttctgt ggatcatgac agtgctcctc taaacaaccg atgtgtccgtgccaaaataa atgttgctat gatttgtcaa accttggtaa gcccaccaga gggaaaccaggaaattagca gggacaacat tctatgcaag attacatatg tagctaatgt gaaccctggaggatgggcac cagcctcagt gttaagggca gtggcaaagc gagagtatcc taaatttctaaaacgtttta cttcttacgt ccaagaaaaa actgcaggaa agcctatttt gttctag(SEQ ID NO:14)
Ser132A Cert突变体的蛋白质序列如SEQ ID NO.15所示:
Met Ser Asp Asn Gin Ser Trp Asn Ser Ser Gly Ser Glu Glu Asp ProGlu Thr Glu Ser Gly Pro Pro Val Glu Arg Cys Gly Val Leu Ser LysTrp Thr Asn Tyr Ile His Gly Trp Gin Asp Arg Trp Val Val Leu LysAsn Asn Ala Leu Ser Tyr Tyr Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Thr Glu Tyr GlyCys Arg Gly Ser Ile Cys Leu Ser Lys Ala Val Ile Thr Pro His AspPhe Asp Glu Cys Arg Phe Asp Ile Ser Val Asn Asp Ser Val Trp TyrLeu Arg Ala Gin Asp Pro Asp His Arg Gin Gin Trp Ile Asp Ala IleGlu Gin His Lys Thr Glu Ser Gly Tyr Gly Ser Glu Ser Ser Leu ArgArg His Gly Ala Met Val Ser Leu Val Ser Gly Ala Ser Gly Tyr SerAla Thr Ser Thr Ser Ser Phe Lys Lys Gly His Ser Leu Arg Glu LysLeu Ala Glu Met Glu Thr Phe Arg Asp Ile Leu Cys Arg Gin Val AspThr Leu Gin Lys Tyr Phe Asp Ala Cys Ala Asp Ala Val Ser Lys AspGlu Leu Gin Arg Asp Lys Val Val Glu Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp Phe ProThr Thr Arg Ser Asp Gly Asp Phe Leu His Ser Thr Asn Gly Asn LysGlu Lys Leu Phe Pro His Val Thr Pro Lys Gly Ile Asn Gly Ile AspPhe Lys Gly Glu Ala Ile Thr Phe Lys Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Ile LeuAla Thr Leu Ser His Cys Ile Glu Leu Met Val Lys Arg Glu Asp SerTrp Gin Lys Arg Leu Asp Lys Glu Thr Glu Lys Lys Arg Arg Thr GluGlu Ala Tyr Lys Asn Ala Met Thr Glu Leu Lys Lys Lys Ser His PheGly Gly Pro Asp Tyr Glu Glu Gly Pro Asn
Glu Phe Phe Asp Ala Val Glu Ala Ala Leu Asp Arg Gin Asp Lys IleGlu Glu Gin Ser Gin Ser Glu Lys Val Arg Leu His Trp Pro Thr SerLeu Pro Ser Gly Asp Ala Phe Ser Ser Val Gly Thr His Arg Phe ValGin Lys Val Glu Glu Met Val Gin Asn His Met Thr Tyr Ser Leu GinAsp Val Gly Gly Asp Ala Asn Trp Gin Leu Val Val Glu Glu Gly GluMet Lys Val Tyr Arg Arg Glu Val Glu Glu Asn Gly Ile Val Leu AspPro Leu Lys Ala Thr His Ala Val Lys Gly Val Thr Gly His Glu ValCys Asn Tyr Phe Trp Asn Val Asp Val Arg Asn Asp Trp Glu Thr ThrIle Glu Asn Phe His Val Val Glu Thr Leu Ala Asp Asn Ala Ile IleIle Tyr Gin Thr His Lys Arg Val Trp Pro Ala Ser Gin Arg Asp ValLeu Tyr Leu Ser Val Ile Arg Lys Ile Pro Ala Leu Thr Glu Asn AspPro Glu Thr Trp Ile Val Cys Asn Phe Ser Val Asp His Asp Ser AlaPro Leu Asn Asn Arg Cys Val Arg Ala Lys Ile Asn Val Ala Met IleCys Gin Thr Leu Val Ser Pro Pro Glu Gly Asn Gin Glu Ile Ser ArgAsp Asn Ile Leu Cys Lys Ile Thr Tyr Val Ala Asn Val Asn Pro GlyGly Trp Ala Pro Ala Ser Val Leu Arg Ala Val Ala Lys Arg Glu TyrPro Lys Phe Leu Lys Arg Phe Thr Ser Tyr Val Gin Glu Lys Thr AlaGly Lys Pro Ile Leu Phe(SEQ ID NO:15)
人IgG抗体的ELISA检测
图2和图3分别显示了来自转染了人IgG modRNA的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞和人胚肾(HEK,HER-2阴性)293细胞的酶联免疫实验(ELISA)。人胚肾(HEK)293细胞在添加了购自Invitrogen的L-谷氨酰的CD293培养基中培养到融合度达到80-90%。CHO细胞在添加了L-谷氨酰、次黄嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶核苷的CD CHO培养基中培养。图2中,在盛有7ml培养基的购自Corning的75cm2培养皿中,用复合了购自Invitrogen的RNAiMax的24μg modRNA转染2×106个细胞。图3中,在24孔板中用复合了购自Invitrogen的RNAiMax的1μg modRNA转染3,80,000个细胞。RNA:RNAiMAX复合体的制备:首先,将RNA在室温下与5×体积稀释的CD 293培养基或CD CHO培养基孵育10分钟;在第二个瓶中,将RNAiMAX试剂在室温下与10×体积稀释的CD 293培养基或CD CHO培养基孵育10分钟;随后,在添加到在滴状冷凝器中的细胞之前,将RNA瓶与RNAiMAX瓶混合并在室温下孵育20-30,然后以逐滴方式加入至细胞中。图2中,在转染后12、24、36小时测量培养基中的分泌人IgG的浓度。图3中,在36小时时测量分泌的人IgG。培养物上清贮存在4摄氏度。按厂家说明使用购自Abcam的ELISA试剂盒测定自转染的人胚肾293细胞中分泌的曲妥珠单抗的量。这些数据显示了人源化IgG抗体(曲妥珠单抗)的modRNA(SEQ IDNOs:6和7)能在人胚肾细胞中翻译,以及曲妥珠单抗被分泌到细胞外并释放到细胞外环境中。进一步的,这些数据证明,以编码曲妥珠单抗的modRNA对细胞进行转染生产分泌蛋白可以规模放大至生物反应器或大型细胞培养条件。
modRNA产生的人IgG抗体的Western检测
图4显示了以各1μg的曲妥珠单抗重链和轻链的modRNA共转染CHO-K1细胞的Western Blot结果。为了检测蛋白质产物的翻译,按标准流程在24孔板中培养细胞,转染24小时后收集细胞上清或细胞裂解物并利用12%SDS-Page凝胶电泳进行分离,然后利用购自Invitrogen的iBlot转膜到硝化纤维膜上。在与缀合了594的抗人IgG抗体的兔多克隆抗体(ab96904,abcm,Cambridge,MA)以及缀合了碱性磷酸酶的抗Rb IgG的羊多克隆第二抗体孵育后,使用购自Invitrogen的碱性磷酸酶显色底物检测抗体。
modRNA产生的曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗的细胞免疫染色
图5显示了以曲妥珠单抗或利妥昔单抗的重链和轻链各500ng共转染CHO-K1细胞。在购自Gibco的F-12K培养基和10%FBS中培养细胞。用含4%聚甲醛的PBS溶液固定细胞并在室温下以0.1%Triton X-100的PBS溶液渗透5-10分钟。随后以室温PBS溶液洗涤细胞三次。用缀合了594的抗人IgG抗体的兔多克隆抗体(ab96904,abcm,Cambridge,MA)对曲妥珠单抗株和利妥昔单抗株进行染色。用购自Invitrogen的DAPI染色剂对核DNA进行染色。modRNA转染后,曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗的蛋白质被翻译并定位在细胞膜上。图片摄于转染后13小时。
modRNA产生的曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗的结合免疫印迹实验
图6显示了曲妥珠单抗和利妥昔单抗的结合免疫印迹实验结果。不同浓度的ErB2多肽(ab40048,abcam,Cambridge,MA)
针对曲妥珠单抗的抗原和CD20多肽(ab97360,abcam,Cambridge,MA)、针对利妥昔单抗的抗原以不同浓度(100ng/μl)在12%SDS-Page的凝胶上进行电泳并利用购自Invitrogen的iBlot转移到膜上。所述膜与其各自的细胞上清共孵育1小时,所述上清获自以曲妥珠单抗或利妥昔单抗的各500ng的重链和轻链共转染的CHO-K1细胞。所述膜用1%BSA封闭并添加缀合了碱性磷酸酶的抗人IgG第二抗体(abcam,Cambridge,MA)。利用购自Invitrogen的碱性磷酸酶显色底物进行抗体检测。该数据显示产生自modRNA的人源化的IgG抗体可以识别并结合其各自的抗原。
细胞增殖实验
SK-BR-3细胞系,来源于人乳腺癌的粘附细胞系,其过表达HER2/neu受体,可用于比较modRNA产生的曲妥珠单抗的抗增殖性质。可以向细胞培养物中添加不同浓度的产生自modRNA的纯化曲妥珠单抗和曲妥珠单抗,并通过一式三份的细胞毒性和存活力实验测定其对细胞生长的影响。
SKOV-3肿瘤模型
modRNA产生的曲妥珠单抗的抗癌效果可以通过在28天的周期内向SKOV-3转基因小鼠中连续注射1)modRNA曲妥珠单抗,2)曲妥珠单抗,和3)modRNA曲妥珠单抗+modRNA GCSF测定。可以随时间监测肿瘤生长尺寸的减少。
实施例4.过表达神经酰胺转移蛋白以提高治疗性抗体蛋白质在已建立 的CHO细胞系中的生产能力。
a)分批培养
以单独的阳离子脂质递送介质(对照)或编码野生型神经酰胺转移蛋白(CERT)或无磷酸化能力(non-phosphorylation competent)的Ser132A CERT突变体的合成mRNA转录本单次转染分泌人源化治疗性IgG抗体的产抗体CHO细胞系(CHO DG44)。CERT是哺乳动物中的重要胞质蛋白,其将鞘磷脂神经酰胺自内质网转移到高尔基复合体,在此神经酰胺被转化成鞘脂(Hanada等,2003年)。CERT的过表达大大增强分泌蛋白向胞质膜的转移并改善通过分泌途径自真核细胞转运的蛋白质的生产,从而增强了蛋白质向培养基中的分泌。合成的mRNA转录本以2-5:1的载体:RNA比与阳离子脂质递送介质预混。起始接种浓度为约2×105活细胞/mL。在指数培养生长期过程中在起始培养接种后,递送合成mRNA转录本以达到合成的mRNA的最终拷贝数量在每细胞10×102到10×103之间。用于产生细胞接种物的所有阶段和生物反应器中的培养物生长的基础细胞培养基是包含谷氨酰、碳酸氢钠、胰岛素和甲氨蝶呤的改良CD-CHO培养基。在添加全部组分后用1N HCl或1N NaOH将培养基的pH值调节到7.0。在第7、14、21或28+天结束培养运行时间。可以使用生产水平50L级的反应器(带有2个船用叶轮的不锈钢反应器)且可升级到>10,000L不锈钢反应器(申请日为2002年12月23日的普通转让专利申请U.S.Ser.No.60/436,050,和U.S.Ser.No.10/740,645中所述)。数据获取系统(IntellutionFix32)全程记录温度、pH值和溶解氧(DO)。气流通过旋转式流量计控制。空气通过液下玻璃料(孔径5μm)向反应器鼓气并通过反应器顶部空间移除CO2。通过同样的玻璃料鼓入分子氧以进行DO控制。CO2通过同样的玻璃料鼓泡鼓入以进行pH控制。每天从反应器中移出细胞样品。用于细胞计数的样品用台盼蓝(Sigma,St.Louis,Mo.)染色。使用显微通过细胞计数器进行细胞计数和细胞活力的测定。为了分析代谢物,以2000rpm(4℃)离心额外的样品20分钟以分离细胞。分析上清的下述参数:效价、唾液酸、葡萄糖、乳酸盐、谷酰胺、谷氨酸盐、pH、pO2、pCO2、氨水和任选的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)。将额外的备份样品冷冻在-20℃。为测定分泌的人源化IgG抗体的效价,自所有稳定细胞库的留种培养物获得上清,通过ELISA测量IgG效价并除以平均细胞数以计算特定生产能力。最高值是有Ser132A CERT突变(SEQ ID NO.14)的细胞库,其次是野生型CERT(SEQ ID NO.12)。相对于只有载体或未转染细胞,以上两者的IgG表达显著增强。
b)连续或分批补料培养
用单独的阳离子脂质递送介质(对照)或编码野生型神经酰胺转移蛋白或无磷酸化能力的Ser132A CERT突变的合成mRNA转录本转染分泌人源化IgG抗体的产抗体CHO细胞系(CHO DG44)。合成的mRNA转录本以2-5:1的载体:RNA比与阳离子脂质递送介质预混。起始接种浓度为约2×105活细胞/mL。在指数培养生长期过程中在起始培养接种后,递送合成的mRNA转录本以达到合成mRNA的最终拷贝数量在每细胞10×102到10×103之间。在产生细胞接种物的整个阶段以及在生物反应器中培养物的生长阶段所使用的基础细胞培养基是包含谷氨酰、重碳酸钠、胰岛素和甲氨蝶呤的改良CD-CHO培养基。在添加全部组分后将培养基的pH值用1N HCl或1N NaOH调节到7.0。使用5L级生物反应器(带有一个船用叶轮的玻璃反应器)以获得最大的CERT蛋白产量和分泌人源化IgG抗体曲线。对于连续或分批补料培养,在运行期间,通过每天一次或多次(或持续地)以新鲜培养基补充培养物培养基而延长培养运行时间。在连续或分批补料培养的方案中,培养物以持续地补充注入或其他添加到培养基的方式按时、定受控的和/或编程程序化的方式自动接受培养基,从而在培养物中达到和保持培养物中合成mRNA:载体的合适量。典型的方法是从开始进行培养到收获细胞的当天,在进行培养的每天推注给料一次包含合成的mRNA:载体的给料培养基的给料方式。每日给料量记录在批次表格上。使用生产水平50L级的反应器(带有2个船用叶轮的不锈钢反应器)且可升级到>10,000L不锈钢反应器。数据获取系统(Intellution Fix32)全程记录温度、pH值和溶解氧(DO)。气流通过旋转式流量计控制。空气通过液下玻璃料(孔径5μm)鼓入反应器并通过反应器顶部空间移除CO2。分子氧通过同样的玻璃料鼓入以进行DO控制。CO2通过同样的玻璃料鼓入以进行pH控制。每天从反应器中移出细胞样品。用于细胞计数的样品一般用台盼蓝(Sigma,St.Louis,Mo.)染色。利用显微镜通过细胞计数器进行细胞计数和细胞活力的测定。为了分析代谢物,以2000rpm(4℃)离心额外的样品20分钟以分离细胞。分析上清的下述参数:效价、唾液酸、葡萄糖、乳酸盐、谷酰胺、谷氨酸盐、pH、pO2、pCO2、氨水和任选的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)。额外的备份样品冷冻在-20℃。为测定分泌的人源化IgG抗体的效价,自所有稳定细胞库的留种培养物获得上清,通过ELISA测量IgG效价并除以平均细胞数以计算特定生产能力。最高值是有Ser132A CERT突变(SEQ ID NO.14)的细胞库,其次是野生型CERT(SEQ ID NO:10或12)。相对于只有载体或未转染细胞,以上两者的IgG表达显著增强。
等价物和范围
本领域技术人员可以仅使用常规实验认识到或能够确定本文所述的特定具体实施方式的多种等价物。本发明的范围并非意图限定到上述说明书,而是如随附的权利要求所示。
本领域技术人员可以仅使用常规实验认识到或能够确定按照本发明所公开的的具体实施方式的多种等价物。本发明的范围并非意图限定到上述说明书,而是如随附的权利要求所示。
权利要求书中,除非根据上下文有相反或其他的证据,所述“a”、“an”和“the”可以表示一个或多于一个。除非根据上下文有相反或其他证据,认为在一个或多个组的成员之间包含“或”的权利要求或说明是一个、多于一个或全部组成员存在于、参与或以其他方式关联于给定的产品或方法中。本发明包括只有组中的一员存在于、参与或以其他方式关联于给定的产品或方法中的具体实施方式。本发明包括超过一个或全部组的成员都存在于、参与或以其他方式关联于给定的产品或方法中的具体实施方式。进一步的,可以理解的是,本发明包括将一个或多个所列权利要求的一个或多个限制、元素、从句、描述术语等从引入另一个权利要求的所有的变形、组合和替换。例如,可以限定任何引用另一个权利要求的权利要求,使其包括一个或多个任意其他引用同一权利要求的权利要求中的限定。进一步的,除非另有说明或除非对于本领域普通技术人员而言出现反例或矛盾是显而易见的情况,则当权利要求叙及组合物,应当理解为包括出于本发明公开的任何目的的该组合物的使用方法,以及按照本发明公开的任意制备方法或本领域已知的其他方法以制备该组合物的方法。
当元素以列表形式存在,例如,马库什形式,应当理解的是,同样公开了元素的每一个亚群,并且任何元素都可以自组中删除。应当理解的是,通常,当本发明或本发明的各方面被称为包含特定要素、特征等时,本发明或本发明各方面的某些具体实施方式由所述特定要素、特征等组成或基本由其组成。出于简明性目的,这些具体实施方式在本文中并没有从字词上做详细描述。还应当注意到,术语“包含”是开放式的并且允许包含额外的组成成分或步骤。
给定的范围包括端值。进一步地,应当理解,除非另有说明或根据上下文和本领域常规技术人员的理解另有证据,在本发明不同具体技术方案中,以范围表示的值可以假设成任意特定值或所述范围的子范围,除非上下文有清楚地其他指示,否则可以到范围下限的十分之一单位。
此外,应当理解,任何落入现有技术的本发明的特定技术方案可以明确排除在任意一个或多个权利要求外。因为这样的具体实施方式被认为是本领域普通技术人员已知的,即使该排除并未在本文中明确表明,其也可以被排除。不论是否与现有技术有关,可以基于任何原因从任意一个或多个权利要求中排除本发明组合物的任何特定具体实施方式(例如,任意的蛋白质、任意的核酸、任意的生产方法、任意的使用方法等)。
即使在引用中未明确表示,所有引用的来源,例如,参考文献、出版物、数据库、数据条目和本文引用的技术通过引用而引入到本申请。在引用的来源和本申请出现矛盾的情况下,应根据本申请的内容。
其他具体实施方式在权利要求中。

Claims (12)

1.在细胞内体外生产感兴趣的异源蛋白质的方法,所述方法包括在所述感兴趣的蛋白质在细胞内生产的条件下,将包含第一分离核酸的组合物引入至能够翻译蛋白的靶细胞中,其中所述第一分离核酸含有编码所述感兴趣的异源蛋白质的可翻译区和核苷修饰,其中所述感兴趣的蛋白质是免疫球蛋白,并且其中所述第一分离的核酸包括选自以下组成组的核苷酸序列:
a)SEQ ID NO:8和/或SEQ ID NO:10的核苷酸序列;
b)与a)的核苷酸序列具有至少95%同一性的核苷酸序列;
c)编码SEQ ID NO:9和/或SEQ ID NO:11的多肽的核苷酸序列;
d)与c)的核苷酸序列具有至少95%同一性的核苷酸序列;
e)编码与SEQ ID NO:9和/或SEQ ID NO:11具有至少95%同一性的多肽的核苷酸序列;以及
f)与e)的核苷酸序列具有至少95%同一性的核苷酸序列。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括自所述细胞充分纯化所述感兴趣的蛋白质的步骤。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述感兴趣的蛋白质是分泌蛋白。
4.增加细胞内感兴趣的重组表达蛋白质的体外产量的方法,所述方法包括在翻译效应蛋白在细胞内生产的条件下,将包含第一分离核酸的组合物引入至包含编码所述感兴趣的蛋白质的异源核酸的靶细胞中,从而提高细胞内重组表达蛋白质的产量,其中所述第一分离的核酸含有编码翻译效应蛋白的可翻译区和核苷修饰。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述感兴趣的蛋白质是免疫球蛋白。
6.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述感兴趣的蛋白质是分泌蛋白。
7.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述感兴趣的蛋白质是细胞内蛋白。
8.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是哺乳动物细胞。
9.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是酵母细胞。
10.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述靶细胞是细菌细胞、昆虫细胞或植物细胞。
11.权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述翻译效应蛋白是神经酰胺转移蛋白(CERT)。
12.体外调节靶细胞内感兴趣蛋白质的水平的方法,包括步骤:
ⅰ)调节靶细胞内至少一种翻译效应分子的活性,其中所述调节包括将含有编码翻译效应蛋白的可翻译区和核苷修饰的第一分离核酸引入至靶细胞中;以及
ⅱ)培养所述细胞。
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