CN101910469A - 电化学系统中的co2利用 - Google Patents
电化学系统中的co2利用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101910469A CN101910469A CN2009801015529A CN200980101552A CN101910469A CN 101910469 A CN101910469 A CN 101910469A CN 2009801015529 A CN2009801015529 A CN 2009801015529A CN 200980101552 A CN200980101552 A CN 200980101552A CN 101910469 A CN101910469 A CN 101910469A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- catholyte
- compartment
- anode
- ion
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 bicarbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Fe] MHKWSJBPFXBFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 58
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 34
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- RPAJSBKBKSSMLJ-DFWYDOINSA-N (2s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O RPAJSBKBKSSMLJ-DFWYDOINSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/463—Apparatus therefor comprising the membrane sequence AC or CA, where C is a cation exchange membrane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D1/04—Hydroxides
- C01D1/28—Purification; Separation
- C01D1/40—Purification; Separation by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/07—Preparation from the hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/24—Magnesium carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/10—Acids or salts thereof containing carbon in the anion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
- C25B1/16—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/18—Alkaline earth metal compounds or magnesium compounds
- C25B1/20—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/08—Flow guidance means within the module or the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/16—Specific vents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/26—Specific gas distributors or gas intakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
- C02F2001/46161—Porous electrodes
- C02F2001/46166—Gas diffusion electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/46135—Voltage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
- C02F2201/46185—Recycling the cathodic or anodic feed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
- C04B2103/0086—Chelating or complexing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
Abstract
利用在阴极隔室中的二氧化碳除去质子和/或制造包含氢氧根和碳酸根/碳酸氢根离子的碱溶液的低电压、低能量电化学系统和方法,该阴极隔室被分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室和第二阴极电解质隔室以便可实现这些阴极电解质隔室之间的液体流动,但其中限制阴极电解质隔室之间的气体交流。在一个阴极电解质隔室中的二氧化碳气体与两个隔室中都存在的阴极电解质一起使用以借助在电极之间施加的小于3V的电压生产碱溶液。
Description
交叉引用
本申请要求2008年7月16日提交的名称为:“Low Energy pH Modulation for Carbon Sequestration Using Hydrogen Absorptive Metal Catalysts(使用氢吸收性金属催化剂的碳封存的低能量pH调节)”的共同转让和共同待审的美国临时专利申请no.61/081,299,代理人案号no.CLRA-010PRV的优先权,其全文经此引用并入本文。
本申请要求2008年8月25日提交的名称为:“Low Energy Absorption of Hydrogen Ion from an Electrolyte Solution into a Solid Material(氢离子从电解质溶液低能量吸收到固体材料中)”的共同转让和共同待审的美国临时专利申请no.61/091,729,代理人案号no.CLRA-013PRV的优先权,其全文经此引用并入本文。
本申请要求2009年7月1日提交的名称为:“CO2 Utilization In Electrochemical Systems(电化学系统中的CO2利用)”的共同转让和共同待审的美国临时专利申请no.61/222,456,代理人案号no.CLRA-037PRV的优先权,其全文经此引用并入本文。
本申请是2009年6月25日提交的名称为:“Low Energy 4-Cell Electrochemical System with Carbon Dioxide Gas(使用二氧化碳气体的低能量4-电池电化学系统)”的共同转让的PCT专利申请no.PCT/US09/48511的部分继续申请案并要求其优先权,其全文经此引用并入本文。
发明背景
在许多工业过程中,利用碱溶液中的大量氢氧离子实现所需反应,例如中和酸,或缓冲溶液的pH值,或从溶液中沉淀不可溶的氢氧化物和/或碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐。氢氧离子的一种制造方法是通过如全文经此引用并入本文的上述专利申请中公开的电化学系统。在电化学制造氢氧离子时,使用大量电能;因此,非常需要使所用电能最小化。
发明概述
本发明涉及在将二氧化碳气体溶解在阴极电解质中的同时在阴极电解质中除去质子和/或制造氢氧离子的低电压、低能量电化学系统和方法。在该系统中,在各种实施方案中,将阴极电解质分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室和第二阴极电解质隔室以使这两个阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质相互接触。但是,由于限制这两个阴极电解质隔室之间的气流,防止向第一阴极电解质隔室提供的二氧化碳气体接触第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质。
在该系统中,阴极接触第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质且阴极电解质和阳极电解质都由水溶液构成。在该系统中,通过使二氧化碳吸收在阴极电解质中以形成碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子以及影响该阴极电解质的pH,借助阳极和阴极之间相对较低的电压,例如3V或更低,如2V或更低,或1V或更低的电压,在该阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子。
在该系统中,阴极电解质中的水在阴极处被还原成氢气和氢氧离子。在阳极处,由外部来源向阳极提供的氢气被氧化成氢离子。在一些实施方案中,将阴极处产生的氢气导向阳极以便氧化成氢离子。在该系统中,在阳极和阴极之间施加低电压时,在阳极处不产生气体,例如氧气或氯气。在该系统中,阳极处产生的氢离子迁移到阳极电解质中以在该阳极电解质中形成酸溶液;在该系统中,阴极处产生的氢氧离子迁移到阴极电解质中以在该阴极电解质中产生碱溶液。
在该系统中,向第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质提供的二氧化碳气体溶解产生碳酸。根据该阴极电解质的pH,该阴极电解质中的碳酸离解成碳酸根离子和碳酸氢根离子。因此,在该系统中,由于第一隔室中的阴极电解质可以与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质混合,这两个阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质混合会产生包含碳酸、氢氧离子和/或碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子的阴极电解质。
在该系统中,阴极和阳极之间的电压取决于若干因素,包括阳极电解质和阴极电解质之间的pH值差以及阴极和阳极之间的欧姆电阻。因此,在各种实施方案中,通过控制阴极电解质和阳极电解质之间的pH差,例如通过将或多或少的二氧化碳溶解在阴极电解质中,该系统会在使阳极和阴极之间的电压最小化,由此使电能用量最小化的同时在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子和/或碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供包含被隔板分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室和第二阴极电解质隔室的阴极隔室的系统,其中,第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质与阴极接触,且阳极隔室中的阳极电解质与阳极接触。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供包括将气体导入第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质;和在接触与第一阴极电解质隔室隔开的第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质的阴极和接触阳极电解质的阳极之间施加电压的方法。
在各种实施方案中,通过将阴极电解质分隔成第一和第二阴极电解质隔室和通过将二氧化碳气体限制到第一阴极电解质隔室中,限制二氧化碳气体与阴极和/或与阳极和/或与该系统中的其它电解质之间的接触。因此,有利地,在该系统中,可以利用来自各种来源的二氧化碳气体,包括来自工业废气,例如来自在发电厂中燃烧化石燃料和来自水泥厂的二氧化碳。此外,通过将二氧化碳气体限制到第一阴极电解质隔室中,避免二氧化碳气体与该系统中的其它气体的混合,例如二氧化碳与阴极处生成的氢气的混合或二氧化碳与向阳极供应的氢气的混合。
附图简述
下列附图举例而非限制性阐述本系统和方法的实施方案。
图1是本系统的一个实施方案的图示。
图2是本系统的一个实施方案的图示。
图3是本系统的一个实施方案的图示。
图4是阳极和阴极之间的电压vs.通过将CO2添加到阴极电解质中而实现的该阴极电解质的pH值的图示。
图5是本方法的一个实施方案的流程图。
发明详述
在下列详述中,除非另行指明,所有技术和科技术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员的通常理解相同的含义。在本文中,所有引用的公开文献和专利全文经此引用并入本文。在本文中,引述的公开日可能不同于实际公开日;因此,应该逐一确认实际公开日。在本文中,除非文中明确地另行指明,单数形式“a”、“an”和“the”包括复数对象。
在本文中,公开了示例性系统和方法,其中在阳极电解质和阴极电解质之间的一个隔室中使用氯化钠溶液在阴极电解质中制造氢氧化钠和/或碳酸钠离子和/或碳酸氢钠和在阳极电解质中制造盐酸。但是,本领域普通技术人员会认识到,由于该系统和方法能够使用同等盐溶液,例如硫酸钾水溶液等产生同等结果,该系统和方法不限于如这些示例性实施方案中公开的那样使用氯化钠溶液。类似地,在该系统用的电解质的制备中,要认识到,可以使用来自各种来源的水,包括海水、微咸水、盐水或天然存在的淡水,只要将该水提纯至可用于该系统的程度。因此,就这类同等物具体体现本系统和方法而言,这些同等物在所附权利要求的范围内。
如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年7月16日提交的名称为:“Low Energy pH Modulation for Carbon Sequestration Using HydrogenAbsorptive Metal Catalysts(使用氢吸收性金属催化剂的碳封存的低能量pH调节)”的美国临时专利申请No.61/081,299中所公开,在各种实施方案中,本系统的阳极和阴极可能包含贵金属、过渡金属、铂族金属、元素周期表第1VB、VB、VIB或VIII族金属、这些金属的合金或这些金属的氧化物。示例性材料包括钯、铂、铱、铑、钌、钛、锆、铬、铁、钴、镍、钯-银合金、钯-铜合金。在各种实施方案中,可以用通过溅射、电镀、气相沉积或在阴极和/或阳极上制造反应性涂层的任何便利方法形成的包含金属、金属合金或氧化物的反应性涂层涂布阴极和/或阳极。在另一些实施方案中,该阴极和/或该阳极可包含被设计成提供选择性渗透和/或某些化学品或氢氧离子的释放和/或防污保护的涂层。示例性涂层包括非金属聚合物;在本文中的具体实施方案中,使用由20目Ni网(gauze)材料制成的阳极和由100目Pt丝网材料制成的阴极。
在各种实施方案中,例如通过将CO2鼓入电解质,向阴极隔室中的电解质中充入CO2。该CO2源可包括工厂废气,如化石燃料供能的发电厂的烟道气中的CO2。在各种实施方案中,该系统包括增强阴极电解质中的CO2吸收的气体混合器/气体吸收器。在一个实施方案中,该气体混合器/气体吸收器包含一系列喷嘴,其产生液体平层(flat sheet)或幕帘,使气体从中通过以便吸收;在另一实施方案中,该气体混合器/气体吸收器包含喷淋吸收器,其制造雾,将气体导入其中以便吸收;可以使用其它市售气体/液体吸收器,例如可获自Neumann Systems,Colorado,USA的吸收器。在运行中,该阴极和阳极隔室装有电解质并在阴极和阳极.之间施加电压。在各种实施方案中,将电压调节至在阳极处不产生气体,例如氯气或氧气的情况下在阴极处产生氢气的水平。在各种实施方案中,该系统包括促进使阴极电解质富含氢氧离子和使阳极电解质富含氢离子的反应的阴极和阳极。
阴极处的水还原产生氢氧离子,其迁移到阴极电解质中。围绕阴极的阴极电解质中的氢氧离子生成可提高该阴极电解质的pH值。在各种实施方案中,该具有提高的pH值的溶液就地使用或提取出并用在单独的反应中,例如用于如其中所述封存CO2。根据阴极电解质中氢氧离子生成速率与二氧化碳吸收速率的平衡,当在与由碳酸离解成碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子而产生的质子的反应中消耗氢氧离子时,pH值可以保持相同或甚至降低。
阳极处的氢气氧化导致在阳极处产生氢离子,其从阳极结构中解吸并迁移到围绕阳极的电解质中,从而降低该阳极电解质的pH值。因此,可以通过控制阴极和阳极之间的电压和使用由能够吸收或解吸氢离子的材料构成的电极来调节该系统中电解质的pH值。在各种实施方案中,该方法在释放到环境中的CO2分子与生成的氢氧离子的比率低于1∶1的溶液中生成氢氧离子。
在各种实施方案中,该系统包括被构造成将二氧化碳气体输送到第一阴极电解质隔室中的入口系统;该二氧化碳包括来自化石燃料供能的发电厂、水泥厂等的废气的二氧化碳。在各种实施方案中,输往该入口系统的二氧化碳气体可能包含其它气体,例如氮氧化物(一氧化二氮、氧化一氮)和硫气体(二氧化硫、硫化氢);在各种实施方案中,该系统包括能在该气体用在阴极隔室中之前除去二氧化碳气体中的成分的气体处理系统。
如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年8月25日提交的名称为:“Low Energy Absorption of Hydrogen Ion from an Electrolyte Solution into a Solid Material(氢离子从电解质溶液低能量吸收到固体材料中)”的美国临时专利申请no.61/091,729中所公开,本方法在一个实施方案中涉及氢离子从电解流体低能量吸收到固体材料中。在一些实施方案中,构造氢离子转移元件以在该系统中的阴极电解质和阳极电解质之间转移氢离子。在各种实施方案中,该方法涉及从阴极电解质中的碳酸氢根离子或碳酸中除去质子。在各种实施方案中,使用包括储氢材料如钯膜、箔或膜的氢转移元件使氢离子从一种电解质溶液转移到另一种。在各种实施方案中,氢离子获自质子给体,例如碳酸、碳酸氢根离子、水等,并转移到第二电解质溶液中。在各种实施方案中,通过使电解质溶液与CO2接触以从该溶液中存在的碳酸氢根离子中除去质子,制造氢离子和/或碳酸根离子。在各种实施方案中,在使第一电解质溶液与CO2接触的同时使氢离子转移到第二电解质溶液中能够实现第一电解质溶液中更高的碳酸氢根离子浓度。
在各种实施方案中,该富集氢离子的阳极电解质可用于多种用途,包括溶解矿物以制造用于封存二氧化碳的二价阳离子的溶液。在各种实施方案中,该电解电池包括阴极和/或阳极,该阴极和/或阳极能够促进反应以从电解流体中的给体分子中除去来自电解流体的氢离子,例如以使溶液富集氢氧离子或氢离子,其中所述给体分子包括碳酸、碳酸氢根离子、水等。
氢离子从溶液到阴极结构中的吸收在围绕阴极的溶液中产生过量氢氧离子。在各种实施方案中,该阴极电解质可以就地使用或提取出并在独立的反应中用于多种用途,包括如其中所述封存CO2。在各种实施方案中,当布置为阳极时,可以从该结构中解吸氢离子以在与该阳极接触的溶液中产生过量氢离子以降低该溶液的pH值。
在一些实施方案中,例如通过将来自来源的CO2鼓泡进入电解质溶液,在半电池中的电解质溶液中充入CO2的电离形式。CO2的电离形式包括碳酸氢根离子(HCO3 -)和碳酸根离子(CO3 -2)。该二氧化碳源可以是例如,来自工厂的废料进料,如来自化石供以燃料的发电厂或水泥厂的烟道气。可以用喷雾器或在一些实施方案中通过与水性液体喷雾接触来将CO2引入该电解质溶液。在一些系统中,可以通过在除去氢时将CO2气体引入储器来使该储器富含碳酸氢根和/或碳酸根离子。在一些系统中,可以冲洗储器内的电解质溶液以防止氢离子积聚在该储器中,这会阻碍氢离子在两个储器之间连续转移。在一些实施方案中,在阳极和阴极之间施加的电压低于1.24伏或低于1.0伏。该半电池可以包括混合器以助于CO2吸收和溶解到电解质溶液中。在各种实施方案中,可以使用导电电解质溶液作为该储器内的电解质溶液,和在一些实施方案中,该电解质溶液包含海水、盐水或微咸水。
如本文所公开,在各种实施方案中,在将二氧化碳溶解在第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质中的同时,通过在阴极和阳极之间施加例如低于3V,如低于2V,或低于1V或低于0.8V或低于0.6V或低于0.4V的相对较低的电压,在第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子。在各种实施方案中,在与阴极接触的阴极电解质中由水产生氢氧离子,并通过将二氧化碳气体溶解在第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质中来在第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质中产生碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子。
在各种实施方案中,第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质接触。第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可包含气体或溶解在阴极电解质中的气体。例如,该二氧化碳以二氧化碳气体形式和/或以在阴极电解质中的溶解的二氧化碳形式存在。在各种实施方案中,该二氧化碳气体与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质隔离。
在各种实施方案中,第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含氢氧离子、碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。类似地,第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含溶解的二氧化碳。在另一些实施方案中,第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含氢氧离子、碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
在各种实施方案中,该系统被构造成借助在阳极和阴极之间施加的低于2V的电压在第二阴极电解质隔室中产生氢氧离子。该系统还被构造成在阴极处产生氢气。在各种实施方案中,该系统在阳极处不产生气体;但是,该系统被构造成使氢氧离子从第二阴极电解质隔室迁移到第一阴极电解质隔室中。在另一些实施方案中,该系统包含被构造成将将阴极处产生的氢气导向阳极的氢气输送系统。在一个实施方案中,该第一阴极电解质隔室有效地连接到包含二氧化碳的工业废气系统。在各种实施方案中,该二氧化碳来自化石燃料燃烧。
在另一些实施方案中,该阴极隔室有效地连接到废气处理系统,其中该废气系统包含二氧化碳。在另一些实施方案中,该阴极隔室有效地连接到氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐沉淀系统。在各种实施方案中,该沉淀系统被构造成利用该阴极电解质制造氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或二价阳离子碳酸氢盐。在各种实施方案中,该阳极和阴极有效地连接到非高峰电力供应系统。
在各种实施方案中,该系统包含位于阳极隔室和阴极隔室之间的离子交换膜。在各种实施方案中,该离子交换膜包含将第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质与第三电解质隔开的阳离子交换膜。在各种实施方案中,该离子交换膜包含将阳极电解质与第三电解质隔开的阴离子交换膜。
在各种实施方案中,该第三电解质包含钠离子和氯离子;该系统被构造成使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中,和使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中。
在各种实施方案中,该系统被构造成在阴极电解质中产生氢氧化钠;该系统也被构造成在阴极电解质中产生氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和/或碳酸氢钠。在各种实施方案中,该系统被构造成在第三电解质中产生部分脱盐水;且该部分脱盐水有效地连接到水处理系统。在另一些实施方案中,将阴极电解质有效地连接到被构造成将二氧化碳溶解在阴极电解质中的第一二氧化碳气/液接触器;该系统被构造成在阳极和阴极电解质之间产生0至14或更大pH单位的pH差。
在各种实施方案中,通过该方法,在第一阴极电解质隔室中产生氢氧离子、碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子;且在第二阴极电解质隔室中产生碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。在各种实施方案中,在阴极处产生氢气且在阳极处产生氢离子。
在各种实施方案中,通过该方法,在阳极处不产生气体;但是,在阴极处产生氢气并在一些实施方案中导向阳极。在各种实施方案中,阳极和阴极之间的电压低于2V。通过该方法,使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中,和使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中。通过该方法,在阴极电解质中制造碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠或氢氧化钠,并在阳极电解质中制造盐酸。通过该方法,在阳极电解质中制成的酸用于溶解镁铁质矿物和/或纤维素材料。
通过该方法,在第三电解质中产生部分脱盐水。在一个实施方案中,通过使阴极电解质与包含二价阳离子、例如钙和镁离子的溶液接触来制造二价阳离子氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物。在一个实施方案中,该方法包括提取第一部分阴极电解质;将二氧化碳溶解在该第一部分阴极电解质中以制造第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质;和用该第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质补充阴极电解质的步骤。在另一些实施方案中,该方法包括提取第二部分阴极电解质;将二氧化碳溶解在该第二部分阴极电解质中以制造第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质;和使该第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以制造二价阳离子碳酸盐的步骤。在各种实施方案中,该方法包括在阴极和阳极之间施加非高峰电力供应以在阳极和阴极之间提供电压。
通过该系统和方法,由阴极电解质中的水在阴极处产生氢气。在各种实施方案中,在阳极处不产生气体,例如氧气或氯气;在各种实施方案中,向阳极提供来自外部来源的氢气,在此将其氧化成氢离子,其迁移到阳极电解质中以在阳极电解质中制造酸。
在各种实施方案中,在第二阴极电解质隔室中在阴极处产生的氢氧离子迁移到阴极电解质中并可能调节该阴极电解质的pH,例如,根据从该系统中移除阴极电解质的速率,该阴极电解质的pH值可提高、降低或保持相同。在各种实施方案中,根据该阴极电解质的pH和二氧化碳在第一阴极电解质隔室中的溶解速率,与第一阴极隔室中的阴极电解质接触的二氧化碳气体会溶解在该阴极电解质中以产生碳酸,其可根据该阴极电解质的pH值离解成碳酸氢根离子和碳酸根离子。因此,在各种实施方案中,由于第一和第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可互混,该阴极电解质可能含有碳酸、氢氧离子和/或碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
在各种实施方案中,该系统包括氢气转移系统,其被构造成将氢气导向阳极,在此将该氢气氧化,且不使该氢气与阴极电解质隔室中存在的二氧化碳互混。在各种实施方案中,将阴极处产生的氢气导向阳极以便氧化成氢离子。
在各种实施方案中,经由流出流从该系统提取一部分或全部量的包含碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子/和或氢氧离子的阴极电解质。在一些实施方案中,使一部分取出的阴极电解质在外源二氧化碳气/液接触器中与二氧化碳气体接触以提高该电解质溶液中吸收的二氧化碳含量。在一些实施方案中,将该含有吸收的二氧化碳的溶液送回阴极隔室;在另一些实施方案中,使该含有吸收的二氧化碳的溶液与包含二价阳离子的溶液反应以产生二价阳离子氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐。在各种实施方案中,该系统和方法可被构造成分批、半分批或连续流作业。
在各种实施方案中,利用含有二氧化碳的工业废气在阴极电解质中产生碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子。在一些实施方案中,防止二氧化碳与该系统中的其它气体,例如与阴极处生成的氢气或与在阳极处氧化的氢气混合。在另一些实施方案中,防止二氧化碳气体接触阴极和/或阳极。
在各种实施方案中,通过在阴极处由水产生氢氧离子和使该氢氧离子迁移到阴极电解质中,调节该阴极电解质的pH值。也通过将二氧化碳气体溶解在阴极电解质中以在该电解质中产生碳酸和碳酸离子物类(其与氢氧离子反应产生碳酸根离子或碳酸氢根离子,或仅碳酸根离子,或仅碳酸氢根离子或其混合物)来调节该pH值。
参照图1-3,系统100、200、300在各种实施方案中包含分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室104和第二阴极电解质隔室106的阴极隔室102,其中第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质108与阴极110接触;且其中阳极隔室112中的阳极电解质115与阳极114接触。如图1-3中所示,该系统包括隔板103,其将阴极隔室102分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室104和第二阴极电解质隔室106以便在该阴极隔室中放置电解质时,可实现第一阴极电解质隔室104中的阴极电解质和第二阴极电解质隔室106中的阴极电解质之间的液体流动。在各种实施方案中,该阴极电解质最初包含通过将该盐溶解在水基溶剂,例如适当清洁的淡水、盐水、微咸水、海水、人造盐水等中而制成的盐的水溶液,例如氢氧化钠。
如图1-3中的截面图中所示,隔板103以大致J-形结构构造并置于第一阴极电解质隔室104中以在第一阴极隔室中,以在隔板103和该阴极电解质隔室的侧壁111之间限定向上渐细的通道105。隔板103也在该第一阴极电解质隔室中在该分隔元件和该阴极电解质隔室的底壁113之间限定向下渐细的通道107。
在将隔板103置于阴极隔室102中时,将该阴极隔室中的阴极电解质分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室104和第二阴极电解质隔室106。在各种实施方案中,隔板103被构造成使得阴极隔室102中的阴极电解质可以在第一和第二电解质隔室之间流动;但是,也构造隔板103以便在阴极隔室102中存在阴极电解质时,至少在一定深度(在此,该液体密封第一阴极电解质隔室104中的向下渐细的通道107和第二阴极电解质隔室106之间的通道)处防止第一电解质隔室104中的气体与该系统中的其它流体混合。
参照图1,在存在阴极电解质的第一阴极电解质隔室104的下部引入二氧化碳气体109A时,一部分该气体可溶解在阴极电解质中,同时比该电解质稀的未溶解的气体在第一阴极电解质隔室中的向上渐细的通道105中向上起泡,由此作为排出气体109B排出。在未显示的一些实施方案中,回收该排出气体109B并再用作输入的二氧化碳气体109A。
参照图1-3,根据该阴极电解质的pH,引入第一阴极电解质隔室104中的二氧化碳气体109A会如下溶解在第一阴极电解质隔室104中的阴极电解质中并可逆离解和平衡以在第一阴极电解质隔室中产生碳酸、质子、碳酸根和/或碳酸氢根离子:
CO2+H2O<==>H2CO3<==>H++HCO3 -<==>H++CO3 2-
由于第一阴极电解质隔室104中的阴极电解质可能与第二阴极电解质隔室106中的阴极电解质混合,反之亦然,在第一阴极电解质隔室104中通过在该阴极电解质中吸收二氧化碳而形成的碳酸、碳酸氢根和碳酸根离子可能迁移和与第二阴极电解质隔室106中的阴极电解质平衡。因此,在各种实施方案中,第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可能包含溶解和未溶解的二氧化碳气体、和/或碳酸、和/或碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子;而第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可能包含溶解的二氧化碳、和/或碳酸、和/或碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子。
也参照图1-3,在阳极114和阴极110之间施加电压时,系统100、200、300如下在阴极隔室102中由水的还原在第二阴极电解质隔室106中的阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子和在阴极110处产生氢气:
2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH-(水在阴极处电解)
由于第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可以与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质互混,在该第二阴极电解质隔室中形成的氢氧离子可能迁移和与第二阴极电解质隔室106中的碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子平衡。因此,在各种实施方案中,第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可能包含氢氧离子以及溶解和未溶解的二氧化碳气体、和/或碳酸、和/或碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子;而第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质可能包含氢氧离子以及溶解的二氧化碳、和/或碳酸、和/或碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子。
在该阴极电解质中,根据电解质的pH,二氧化碳气体可能如下溶解形成碳酸、质子、碳酸氢根离子和碳酸根离子:
H2O+CO2=H2CO3=H++HCO3 -=2H++CO3 2-
由于该阴极电解质中二氧化碳的溶解度以及碳酸氢根和碳酸根离子的浓度取决于该电解质的pH,第一阴极电解质隔室102(即第一阴极电解质隔室104和第二阴极电解质隔室106)中的总体反应为:
情况1:2H2O+2CO2+2e-=H2+2HCO3 -;或
情况2:H2O+CO2+2e-=H2+CO3 2-
或两者的组合,这取决于该阴极电解质的pH。这显示在下列碳酸盐物种形成图中:
碳酸盐组成w/pH和温度
对于任一情况,可以由下列公式通过该反应的吉布斯能变化确定该系统的总电池电势:
E电池=-ΔG/nF
或,在标准温度和压力条件下:
E°电池=-ΔG°/nF
其中,E电池是电池电压,ΔG是该反应的吉布斯能,n是转移的电子数,F是法拉第常数(96485J/Vmol)。这些反应各自的E电池根据如下面对情况1所示的能斯特方程依赖于pH:
情况1:阴极电解质中的碳酸氢根离子生成
此外,对于任一情况,可以通过各半电池反应的能斯特方程的组合确定总电池电势:
E=E°-R T ln(Q)/n F
其中,E°是标准还原电势,R是通用气体常数,(8.314J/mol K)T是绝对温度,n是参与该半电池反应的电子数,F是法拉第常数(96485J/Vmol),且Q是反应商,以使:
E总量=E阴极+E阳极
当如下在阳极处将氢氧化成质子时:
H2=2H++2e-,
E°是0.00V,n是2,且Q是H+的活性的平方,以使:
E阳极=+0.059pHa,
其中pHa是阳极电解质的pH。
当如下在阴极处将水还原成氢氧离子和氢气时:
2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH-,
E°是-0.83V,n是2,且Q是OH-的活性的平方,以使:
E阴极=-0.059pHc,
其中pHc是阴极电解质的pH。
对于任一情况,阴极和阳极反应的E随阳极和阴极电解质的pH而变。因此,对于情况1,如果在酸性环境中发生的阳极反应处于pH 0,则对于该半电池反应,该反应的E为0V。对于阴极反应,如果碳酸氢根离子的生成在pH 7发生,则对于该半电池反应,理论E为7x(-0.059V)=-0.413V,其中负数E意味着需要将能量输入该半电池或整个电池以使该反应继续进行。因此,如果阳极pH为0且阴极pH为7,则总电池电势为-0.413V,其中:
E总量=-0.059(pHa-pHc)=-0.059ΔpH.
对于情况2——其中产生碳酸根离子,如果阳极pH为0且阴极pH为10,这代表0.59V的E。
因此,在各种实施方案中,将CO2气体109A导入阴极电解质可通过在该阴极电解质中产生碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子来降低该阴极电解质的pH,以及降低用于在该阴极电解质中制造氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐的阳极和阴极之间的电压。
因此,可以认识到,如果使阴极电解质升至pH 14或更大,阳极半电池电势(表示为细水平虚线,上述情况1)和阴极半电池电势(在上述情况1中表示为粗实心斜线)之差升至0.83V。随着在没有添加CO2或没有其它干预,例如用水稀释的情况下的电池运行持续时间的提高,所需电池电势继续提高。电池电势也可能由于电解质中膜上的欧姆电阻损失和电池的过电压电势而提高。
在此,过电压电势是指半电池反应的热力学决定的还原电势和实验观察到的发生氧化还原反应时的电势之间的电势(电压)差。该术语与电池电压效率直接相关。在电解电池中,该过电压电势需要的能量多于在热力学上预计的驱动反应所需的能量。在所有情况下,该额外或流失的能量以热形式损失。过电压电势是各电池设计特有的,并随电池和运行条件而变(甚至对相同反应而言)。因此可以认识到,在7或更高的阴极pH下运行电化学电池实现显著的能量节省。
在各种实施方案中,对于阴极电解质和阳极电解质中的不同pH值,当在阳极和阴极之间施加的电压低于3V、2.9V、2.8V、2.7V、2.6V、2.5V、2.4V、2.3V、2.2V、2.1V、2.0V、1.9V、1.8V、1.7V、1.6V、1.5V、1.4V、1.3V、1.2V、1.1V、1.0V、0.9V、0.8V、0.7V、0.6V、0.5V、0.4V、0.3V、0.2V或0.1V时,在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。对于上述范围内的所选电压,阳极电解质和阴极电解质之间的pH差为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14或更大。
此外,在需要在阴极电解质中产生碳酸氢根和/或碳酸根离子的实施方案中,如图1-3中所示且如上文参照阴极电解质中氢氧离子的生成所述的系统可以被构造成通过将二氧化碳溶解在第一阴极电解质中和在阴极和阳极之间施加低于3V,或低于2.5V,或低于2V,或低于1.5V,如低于1.0V,或甚至低于0.8V或0.6V的电压来在该第一阴极电解质中产生碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子。
在如图1-3中所示的一些实施方案中,该系统包括将第二阴极电解质隔室106中的阴极电解质与第三电解质122隔开的阳离子交换膜120和将接触阳极114的阳极电解质115与第三电解质122隔开的阴离子交换膜124。可以认识到,由于阳离子交换膜防止阴离子迁移穿过阳离子交换膜,因此第二阴极电解质隔室106中的氢氧离子和/或碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根不会穿过第一阳离子交换膜120迁移到相邻第三电解质122中。因此,在该系统中,氢氧离子和/或碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子会积聚在阴极电解质108中,或可以提取出并用于封存二氧化碳,如全文经此引用并入本文的上述2008年7月16日提交的美国临时专利申请no.61/081,299中所述。
参照图1——其中第三电解质122包含溶解的盐,例如氯化钠,由于阳离子交换膜允许阳离子穿过该阳离子交换膜迁移,因此在阳极110和阴极114之间施加电压时,第三电解质122中的阳离子例如钠离子,会从第三电解质122穿过阳离子交换膜120迁移到第二阴极电解质隔室106中的阴极电解质中。在阴极隔室102中,钠离子与阴极电解质中存在的氢氧离子和由溶解的二氧化碳产生的碳酸根离子一起产生钠盐溶液,例如氢氧化钠和/或碳酸钠和/或碳酸氢钠溶液。
类似地,参照图1,由于阴离子交换膜允许阴离子穿过该阴离子交换膜迁移,因此在阳极110和阴极114之间施加电压时,第三电解质122中的阴离子例如氯离子会从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜124迁移到阳极电解质115中。在该阳极电解质中,氯离子与阳极电解质115中存在的质子一起形成酸,例如盐酸。因此,可以认识到,由于阳离子和阴离子从第三阴极电解质122中迁移出,该系统由第三电解质122产生部分脱盐水。
在各种实施方案中,从该系统中移除在阴极电解质中制成的氢氧离子、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子和电解的阳极中制成的盐酸,同时补充第三电解质中的氯化钠以维持该系统的连续运行。
本领域技术人员可以认识到,在各种实施方案中,该系统可以被构造成以各种生产模式,包括分批模式、半分批模式、连续流模式运行,可选择或不可选择提取一部分在阴极电解质中制成的氢氧化物或提取全部或一部分在阳极电解质中制成的酸,或将阴极处产生的氢气导向阳极,在此可将其氧化。
在各种实施方案中,当在阳极和阴极之间施加的电压低于3V、2.9V或更低,2.8V或更低,2.7V或更低,2.6V或更低,2.5V或更低,2.4V或更低,2.3V或更低,2.2V或更低,2.1V或更低,2.0V或更低,1.9V或更低,1.8V或更低,1.7V或更低,1.6V或更低,1.5V或更低,1.4V或更低,1.3V或更低,1.2V或更低,1.1V或更低,1.0V或更低,0.9V或更低,0.8V或更低,0.7V或更低,0.6V或更低,0.5V或更低,0.4V或更低,0.3V或更低,0.2V或更低,或0.1V或更低时,在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子、碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子溶液。
在另一实施方案中,可以调节阳极和阴极之间的电压以便在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子、碳酸根离子和碳酸氢根离子和在阴极处生成氢气的同时,在阳极处形成气体,例如氧气或氯气。但是,在此实施方案中,不向阳极供应氢气。本领域普通技术人员可以认识到,在此实施方案中,阳极和阴极之间的电压高于在阳极处不形成气体的实施方案。
参照图1-3,阴离子交换膜114和阳离子交换膜120可以是常规离子交换膜。理想地,该膜应该能够在酸性和/或碱性电解溶液中工作并表现出高的离子选择性、低离子电阻、高爆裂强度和在0℃至100℃或更高的温度范围内的酸性电解溶液中的高稳定性。在一些实施方案中,可以使用在0℃至80℃,或0℃至90℃的范围内稳定但在这些范围以上不稳定的膜。合适的膜包括可获自Asahi Kasei of Tokyo,Japan的TeflonTM-基阳离子交换膜。但是,也可以采用低成本烃基阳离子交换膜,例如可获自例如Membrane International of Glen Rock,NJ,and USA的烃基膜。
在各种实施方案中,阴极隔室102有效地连接到废气处理系统(未显示),在此利用在阴极电解质中制成的碱溶液例如通过使废气和阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以沉淀氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐来封存废气中所含的二氧化碳,如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年12月24日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/344,019中所述。包含例如钙和镁的氢氧化物、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐的沉淀物在各种实施方案中可以如全文经此引用并入本文的上述2008年5月23日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/126,776中所述用作建筑材料,例如用作水泥和集料。在一些实施方案中,使一部分或全部的该碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐留在水介质,例如浆料或悬浮液中,并弃置在水介质中,例如在深海中。
在各种实施方案中,该阴极和阳极也有效地连接至向电极供应非高峰电压的非高峰电力供应系统。由于非高峰电力的成本低于在高峰电力供应时间供应的电力的成本,该系统可利用非高峰电力以相对较低的成本在阴极电解质中制造碱溶液。
在各种实施方案中,由于阳离子和阴离子从第三电解质迁移到相邻阳极电解质和阴极电解质中,在第三电解质122中产生部分脱盐水。在各种实施方案中,该部分脱盐水有效地连接到脱盐系统(未显示),在此其如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年6月27日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/163,205中所述进一步脱盐。
在另一实施方案中,该系统在阳极电解质中制造酸,例如盐酸。因此,在各种实施方案中,该阳极隔室可有效地连接到用于溶解包含二价阳离子的矿物和废料以产生二价阳离子(例如Ca++和Mg++)的溶液的系统。在各种实施方案中,该二价阳离子溶液用于如全文经此引用并入本文的上述2008年12月24日提交的美国专利申请no.12/344,019中所述通过使二价阳离子溶液与本碱溶液和二氧化碳气体源接触来沉淀氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐。在各种实施方案中,该沉淀物如全文经此引用并入本文的上述共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/126,776中所述用作建筑材料,例如水泥和集料。
参照图2,在各种实施方案中,该系统包括适用于在该系统中提取和循环阴极电解质的阴极电解质循环系统126。在一个实施方案中,该阴极电解质循环系统包含适用于将二氧化碳溶解在循环阴极电解质中和适用于使该电解质在该系统中循环的第一二氧化碳气/液接触器128。在此实施方案中,由于可以在阴极电解质隔室外的气/液接触器中将足够的二氧化碳溶解在电解质中,任选不必如图1中所示和如上所述在阴极电解质中引入二氧化碳109A。
在如图3中所示的另一实施方案中,该阴极电解质循环系统包含能够在将该电解质送回阴极隔室的情况下将二氧化碳溶解在一部分该循环阴极电解质126中的第二二氧化碳气/液接触器130。在此实施方案中,该电解质可用于例如在阴极隔室外沉淀二价阳离子碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐。此外,可以认识到,由于可以通过从该系统中提取和/或循环阴极电解质来调节该阴极电解质的pH,可以通过经由第二二氧化碳气/液接触器130调节从该系统中取出的电解质的量来调节该阴极电解质隔室的pH。
参照图1-3,系统100、200和300在各种实施方案中包括适用于使阴极110处生成的氢气循环以在阳极114处氧化的氢气循环系统118。在各种实施方案中,该氢气可有效地连接到外部氢供应源(未显示)以向阳极114提供氢气,例如当来自阴极的氢供应不足时在该操作启动时提供。
在各种实施方案中,该系统包括能够从阴极隔室102中提取全部或一部分阴极电解质的阴极电解质提取和补充系统(未显示)。在各种实施方案中,该系统还包括用于提供作为第三电解质122的盐溶液,例如浓氯化钠的盐溶液供应系统(未显示)。在各种实施方案中,该系统包括用于向阴极电解质供应二氧化碳气体109A的气体供应系统(未显示)。在各种实施方案中,该系统还包括用于将流体引入电池的入口(未显示)和用于从电池中移去流体的出口(未显示)。
可以认识到,在各种实施方案中和参照图1,尽管阴极电解质与第三电解质被第一阳离子交换膜隔开且第三电解质与阳极电解质隔开,当在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,电解质中的阴离子会试图(attempt)向阳极114迁移,且阳离子会试图穿过阳离子交换膜和阴离子交换膜向阴极110迁移。
参照图1,在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,如下在阳极处由向该阳极供应的氢气的氧化形成质子,同时在阴极电解质中由水的还原形成氢氧离子和氢气:
H2=2H++2e- (阳极,氧化反应)
2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH- (阴极,还原反应)
当在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,由于在阳极处由向阳极供应的氢气形成质子;且由于在阳极处不形成气体如氧气;且由于阴极电解质中的水在阴极处形成氢氧离子和氢气,该系统在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子和在阳极电解质中产生质子。
此外,可以认识到,在本系统中,,当在阳极和阴极之间施加低于2V时,该系统会在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子、和在阴极处产生氢气并在阳极处产生氢离子,与之相对比,由于在阳极处不形成气体,当在阳极处生成气体例如氯气或氧气时,需要更高的电压。例如,在各种实施方案中,当在阳极和阴极之间施加低于2.0V、1.5V、1.4V、1.3V、1.2V、1.1V、1.0V、0.9V、0.8V、0.7V、0.6V、0.5V、0.4V、0.3V、0.2V、0.1V或更低时,产生氢氧离子。
参照图1,在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,在阳极处形成的带正电的质子试图经由阳极电解质迁移至阴极,同时在阴极处形成的带负电的氢氧离子试图经由阴极电解质迁移至阳极。如图1中所示和参照阴极电解质中的氢氧离子,由于第一阳离子交换膜将阴极电解质限制在阴极隔室中,且由于该阳离子交换膜防止阴离子从阴极电解质迁移到第三电解质中,会阻止阴极电解质中生成的氢氧离子穿过该阳离子交换膜迁移出阴极电解质。因此,在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,阴极处产生的氢氧离子包含在阴极电解质中。因此,根据流体流入和流出阴极电解质的流速和二氧化碳在阴极电解质中的溶解速率,调节该阴极电解质的pH,例如该pH可以提高、降低或保持相同。
类似地,关于在阳极处生成的质子,在阴极和阳极之间的外加电压下,该质子会进入阳极电解质并向阴离子交换膜迁移。但是,由于该阴离子交换膜阻止阳离子从阳极电解质移向第三电解质,会阻止阳极电解质中的质子迁移到第三电解质中。因此,在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,阳极处产生的质子包含在阳极电解质中。因此,根据流体流入和流出阳极电解质的流速,调节该阴极电解质的pH,例如该pH可以提高、降低或保持相同。
关于最初含有钠离子和氯离子的浓溶液并被阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜包夹在电化学电池中的第三电解质,在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,第三电解质中的阴离子例如氯离子会向阳极迁移,而第三电解质的阳离子例如钠离子会向阴极迁移。由于阴离子交换膜允许阴离子从第三电解质迁移到阳极电解质中,第三电解质中存在的氯离子会迁移到阳极电解质中,在此它们与来自阳极的质子形成酸例如盐酸。
此外,由于阳离子交换膜允许阳离子从第三电解质迁移到阴极电解质中,第三电解质中存在的钠离子会迁移到阴极电解质中,在此它们会与阴极处生成的氢氧离子形成氢氧化钠。因此,如图1-3中所示,在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,阳离子例如钠离子,和阴离子例如氯离子会从第三电解质中迁移出,由此在第三电解质中形成脱盐水。
在各种实施方案中和如图1-3中所示,在阴极处由阴极电解质中的水的还原生成氢气。可以从阴极排出这种气体或导向阳极,在此如本文所述将其氧化成质子。
在各种实施方案中,根据该系统中需要的离子物类,可以采用其它反应物。因此,例如,如果在阴极电解质中需要钾盐如氢氧化钾或碳酸钾,则可以在第三电解质122中使用钾盐如氯化钾。类似地,如果在阳极电解质中需要硫酸,则可以在第三电解质122中使用硫酸盐如硫酸钠。同样,如本文中的各种实施方案中所述,使二氧化碳气体吸收在该阴极电解质中;但是,要认识到,可以在该电解质中吸收其它气体,包括挥发性蒸气例如二氧化硫或有机蒸气,以产生所需结果。可以认识到,该气体可以以各种方式添加到该电解质中,例如通过将其直接鼓泡进入电解质或在连接到阴极隔室的独立隔室中溶解该气体并随后如本文所述导向阴极电解质。
参照图5,方法500包括将气体导入第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质的步骤502;和在与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质接触的阴极和与阳极电解质接触的阳极之间施加电压的步骤504,其中该第一阴极电解质与第二阴极电解质隔开。
在各种实施方案中,该方法进一步包括将二氧化碳添加到该阴极电解质中的步骤;通过在阳极和阴极之间施加如本文其它地方所述的低电压来在第一阴极电解质隔室中制造碳酸、氢氧离子、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子的步骤;在第二阴极电解质隔室中制造碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子的步骤;在阴极处制造氢气和将该气体导向阳极,在此将其氧化成氢离子的步骤;在阳极处制造氢离子的步骤;在阳极和阴极之间施加本发明的电压时在阳极处不产生气体的步骤;其中阳极和阴极之间的电压低于2V的步骤;用阳离子交换膜将阴极电解质与第三电解质隔开的步骤;用阴离子交换膜将阳极电解质与第三电解质隔开的步骤;其中第三电解质包含钠和氯离子的步骤;使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中和使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中的步骤;其中阴极电解质包含碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠或氢氧化钠且阳极电解质包含盐酸的步骤;在阳极电解质中制造酸的步骤;利用该酸溶解镁铁质矿物或纤维素材料的步骤;在第三电解质中制造部分脱盐水的步骤;包括在水脱盐系统中加工该部分脱盐水的步骤;使该阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以产生二价阳离子氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物的步骤;其中该二价碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物包含钙和镁的步骤;提取第一部分阴极电解质的步骤;将二氧化碳溶解在该第一部分阴极电解质中以制造第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质;和用该第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质补充阴极电解质;提取第二部分阴极电解质的步骤;将二氧化碳溶解在该第二部分阴极电解质以制造第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质;和使该第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以制造二价阳离子碳酸盐;在阴极和阳极之间施加非高峰电力供应以在阳极和阴极之间提供电压的步骤。
在各种实施方案中,通过在阳极和阴极之间施加低于2V的电压,在阳极处不形成气体的情况下,在阴极处和在阴极电解质中形成氢氧离子,同时在阳极处提供氢气以便在阳极处氧化。在各种实施方案中,当在阳极和阴极之间施加的电压低于3V或更低,2.9V或更低,2.8V或更低,2.7V或更低,2.6V或更低,2.5V或更低,2.4V或更低,2.3V或更低,2.2V或更低,2.1V或更低,2.0V或更低,1.9V或更低,1.8V或更低,1.7V或更低,1.6V或更低,1.5V或更低,1.4V或更低,1.3V或更低,1.2V或更低,1.1V或更低,1.0V或更低,0.9V或更低,0.8V或更低,0.7V或更低,0.6V或更低,0.5V或更低,0.4V或更低,0.3V或更低,0.2V或更低,或0.1V或更低时,方法500在阳极处不形成气体,同时向阳极提供氢气,在此将其氧化成质子。本领域普通技术人员会认识到,通过在阳极处不形成气体和通过向阳极提供氢气以便在阳极处氧化,以及通过以其它方式控制该系统中的电阻,例如通过降低电解质路径长度和通过选择具有低电阻的离子膜和本领域已知的任何其它方式,可以用本发明的较低电压在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子。
在各种实施方案中,方法500进一步包括将二氧化碳气体导入阴极电解质的步骤;在与阴极接触地安置阴极电解质之前或之后将二氧化碳气体导入阴极电解质的步骤;在阴极处形成氢气的步骤;在阳极处形成质子的步骤;通过在阳极和阴极之间选择性施加3V至0.5V或更低的电压,在阳极处不形成气体的情况下在阳极和阴极电解质之间形成1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14pH单位或更大的pH差的步骤;在阴极电解质中形成氢氧离子、碳酸氢根离子、碳酸根离子和/或其组合的步骤;在阴极电解质中形成氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠的步骤;使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中的步骤;在阳极电解质中形成酸的步骤;在阳极电解质中形成盐酸的步骤;使阳离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中的步骤;使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中的步骤;将阴极处形成的氢气导向阳极的步骤;和经由流出流取出阴极电解质和经由进入该阴极电解质的流入流补充阴极电解质的步骤。
本领域普通技术人员会认识到,通过在阳极处不形成气体和通过向阳极提供氢气以便在阳极处氧化,用本发明的电压在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子。在各种实施方案中,与图1-3的系统结合的方法500进一步包括例如在阳极114和阴极110之间施加电压以防止在阳极处形成气体——氧气或氯气的步骤;在阴极电解质中形成碳酸氢根离子、碳酸根离子或碳酸氢根和碳酸根离子的混合物的步骤;在阴极和阳极之间施加3V、2.9V、2.8V、2.7V、2.6V、2.5V、2.4V、2.3V、2.2V、2.1V、2.0V、1.9V、1.8V、1.7V、1.6V、1.5V、1.4V、1.3V、1.2V、1.1V、1.0V、0.9V、0.8V、0.7V、0.6V、0.5V、0.4V、0.3V、0.2V或0.1V或更低的电压和在阴极处形成氢气的同时在阳极处供应和氧化氢气的步骤;在阳极处将氢气氧化以在阳极处形成质子的步骤;在阳极处不形成气体的情况下在阳极电解质和阴极电解质之间形成1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14pH单位或更大的pH差的步骤;在阳极处不形成气体的情况下在阳极电解质和阴极电解质之间形成1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14pH单位或更大的pH差的pH梯度的步骤;在阴极电解质中形成碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的混合物的步骤;使阴离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中的步骤;使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中的步骤;在阳极电解质中形成酸的步骤;在阳极电解质中形成盐酸的步骤;使阳离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜120迁移到阴极电解质中的步骤;使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中的步骤;将阴极110处形成的氢气导向在阳极114处氧化的步骤;将至少一部分阴极电解质从流出流导向该阴极电解质的流入流中的步骤;提取第一部分阴极电解质、将二氧化碳溶解在该第一部分阴极电解质中以制造第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质和用该第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质补充阴极电解质的步骤;和提取第二部分阴极电解质、将二氧化碳溶解在该第二部分阴极电解质以制造第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质和使该第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以制造二价阳离子碳酸盐的步骤。
在各种实施方案中,在阳极处不形成气体的情况下,当在阳极和阴极之间施加的电压低于3.0V、2.9V、2.8V、2.7V、2.6V、2.5V、2.4V、2.3V、2.2V、2.1V、2.0V、1.9V、1.8V、1.7V、1.6V、1.5V、1.4V、1.3V、1.2V、1.1V、1.0V、0.9V、0.8V、0.7V、0.6V、0.5V、0.4V、0.3V、0.2V、0.1V或更低时,在阴极电解质中产生碳酸氢根离子和碳酸根离子。在各种实施方案中,该方法适用于以分批、半分批或连续运行模式提取至少一部分阴极电解质及阳极电解质中的酸和补充回该系统。
参照图1-3,当在阳极和阴极之间施加电压时,在该阴极电解质中形成氢氧离子和/或碳酸根和/或碳酸氢根离子,因此调节该阴极电解质的pH值。在一个实施方案中,当阴极和阳极之间的电压为0.1V或更低,0.2V或更低,0.4V或更低,0.6V或更低,0.8V或更低,1.0V或更低,1.5V或更低,或2.0V或更低时,形成阳极和阴极氢氧离子和/或碳酸根和/或碳酸氢根离子。例如,当在阳极和阴极之间施加0.8V或更低的电压时,在阴极电解质溶液中产生氢氧离子;在另一实施方案中,当在阳极和阴极之间施加0.01至2.5V,或0.01V至2.0V,或0.1V至2.0V,或0.1至2.0V,或0.1V至1.5V,或0.1V至1.0V,或0.1V至0.8V,或0.1V至0.6V,或0.1V至0.4V,或0.1V至0.2V,或0.01V至1.5V,或0.01V至1.0V,或0.01V至0.8V,或0.01V至0.6V,或0.01V至0.4V,或0.01V至0.2V,或0.01V至0.1V,例如0.1V至2.0V的电压时,在阴极电解质中产生氢氧离子;在再一实施方案中,当在阳极和阴极之间施加大约0.1V至1V的电压时,在阴极电解质溶液中产生氢氧离子。用电极之间0.1V至0.8V;0.1V至0.7V;0.1至0.6V;0.1V至0.5V;0.1V至0.4V;和0.1V至0.3V的电压可实现类似结果。
在各种实施方案中,当这两种电解质溶液例如被一个或多个离子交换膜隔开时,且当在阳极和阴极之间施加3V或更低,2.9V或更低,或2.5V或更低,或2V或更低的电压时,该方法和系统能够在阳极电解质溶液和阴极电解质溶液之间产生大于0.5pH单位的pH差。在一些实施方案中,当在阳极和阴极之间施加0.1V或更低的电压时,该方法和系统能够在第一电解质溶液和第二电解质溶液之间产生大于1.0pH单位,或2pH单位,或4pH单位,或6pH单位,或8pH单位,或10pH单位,或12pH单位,或14pH单位的pH差,其中第一电解质溶液接触阳极且第二电解质溶液接触阴极,且这两种电解质溶液例如被一个或多个离子交换膜隔开。
在另一示例性结果中和参照图4,构造如图1中所示的系统并在恒定电流密度下运行,同时将二氧化碳气体连续溶解到阴极隔室中。在该系统中,监测阴极电解质中的pH和阳极与阴极之间的电压。在该系统中,使用载铂气体扩散电极作为阳极,并使用镍网作为阴极。第三电解质122、阴极电解质108和阳极电解质115中的原始电池浓度分别为5M NaCl、1M NaOH和1M HCl。所用离子膜获自MembraneInternational,Inc.,of NJ,USA,特别地,膜号no.AMI 7001用作阴离子交换膜124,且膜号no.CMI 7000用作阳离子交换膜120。如图4中可以看出,随着反应进行,随着在阴极电解质中吸收二氧化碳气体,该阴极电解质的pH值降低。同时,阳极和阴极之间的电压也降低。
可以认识到,二氧化碳在阴极电解质中的溶解度取决于该电解质的pH,且阴极和阳极之间的电压取决于阳极电解质和阴极电解质之间的pH差。因此,如图4中所示,该系统可以在指定pH和电压下构造和运行以在阴极电解质中吸收二氧化碳和产生碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。因此,例如,如图4中所示,该系统可以在阳极上低于1V例如0.9V的电压下构造和运行以生产10的pH的碱溶液。在另一些实施方案中,该系统可以在0.85V下构造和运行以生产9的pH的碱溶液。如图4中所示,其它运行电压包括0.7V至1V的电压。类似地,其它工作pH值包括6至12的pH值。如上所述,在阴极电解质中制成并包含碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子的碱溶液可以与二价阳离子溶液一起用于通过从该溶液中沉淀二价阳离子碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐来封存二氧化碳。
在一些实施方案中,在其中阴极和阳极电解质与离子交换膜接触的部分过程中,从该阴极电解质溶液中移除二价阳离子例如镁离子或钙离子。如果针对特定膜必要,这是为了防止膜的结垢。因此,在各种实施方案中,当电解质溶液与离子交换膜接触任何明显时间时,该电解质溶液中的二价阳离子总浓度低于0.06摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.06摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.04摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.02摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.01摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.005摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.001摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.0005摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.0001摩尔/千克溶液,或低于0.00005摩尔/千克溶液。
在将二氧化碳气体溶解在阴极电解质中的实施方案中,随着从阴极电解质中除去质子,可以溶解更多二氧化碳以形成碳酸、碳酸氢根离子和/或碳酸根离子。根据该阴极电解质的pH,如本领域中充分理解和如上述碳酸盐物种形成图中所示的那样,该平衡移向碳酸氢根离子或移向碳酸根离子。在这些实施方案中,根据与二氧化碳引入速率相比的质子除去速率,该阴极电解质溶液的pH可能降低,保持相同或提高。要认识到,在这些实施方案中不形成碳酸、氢氧离子、碳酸根离子或碳酸氢根离子,或碳酸、氢氧离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子可能在一个时期不形成但在另一时期形成。
在另一实施方案中,本系统和方法与碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐沉淀系统(未显示)集成,其中二价阳离子溶液在添加到本阴极电解质中时导致形成二价碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物,例如碳酸钙或碳酸镁和/或它们的碳酸氢盐的沉淀物。在各种实施方案中,该沉淀的二价碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物可以用作建筑材料,例如水泥和集料,如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年5月23日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/126,776中所述。
在另一实施方案中,本系统和方法与矿物和/或材料溶解和回收系统(未显示)集成,其中使用酸性阳极电解质溶液115或碱性阴极电解质102溶解富含钙和/或镁的矿物,例如蛇纹石或橄榄石,或废料,例如飞灰、红泥等,以形成可用于例如如本文所述沉淀碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐的二价阳离子溶液。在各种实施方案中,该沉淀的二价碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物可以用作建筑材料,例如水泥和集料,如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年5月23日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/126,776中所述。
在另一实施方案中,本系统和方法与用于封存二氧化碳和工业废气的其它成分例如硫气体、氮氧化物气体、金属和微粒的工业废气处理系统(未显示)集成,其中如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年12月24日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/344,019中所述通过使烟道气与包含二价阳离子的溶液和包含氢氧根、碳酸氢根和/或碳酸根离子的本阴极电解质接触,沉淀二价阳离子碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐。该包含例如钙和/或镁的碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐的沉淀物在各种实施方案中可以如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年5月23日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/126,776中所述用作建筑材料,例如用作水泥和集料。
在另一实施方案中,本系统和方法与水性脱盐系统(未显示)集成,其中本系统的第三电解质的部分脱盐水用作该脱盐系统的进料水,如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年6月27日提交的共同转让的美国专利申请no.12/163,205中所述。
在另一实施方案中,本系统和方法与碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐溶液处置系统(未显示)集成,其中,该系统制造包含碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐的浆料或悬浮液,而非通过使二价阳离子的溶液与第一电解质溶液接触以形成沉淀物来制造沉淀物。在各种实施方案中,将该浆料或悬浮液弃置在使其保持长期稳定的地点,例如如全文经此引用并入本文的2008年12月24日提交的美国专利申请no.12/344,019中所述,将该浆料/悬浮液弃置在处于温度和压力足以无限期地使该浆料保持稳定的深度的海洋中。
尽管本文中已经举例说明和描述了本发明的优选实施方案,但本领域技术人员显而易见的是,这些实施方案仅作为实例而非作为限制提供。本领域技术人员会在不背离本发明的情况下想到许多变动、修改和替代。应该理解的是,可以使用本文所述的本发明的实施方案的各种替代方案实施本发明。下列权利要求旨在确定本发明的范围并由此涵盖在这些权利要求及其对等物的范围内的方法和结构。
Claims (56)
1.电化学系统,其包含:
被隔板分隔成第一阴极电解质隔室和第二阴极电解质隔室的阴极隔室,其中
第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质与阴极接触;且
阳极隔室中的阳极电解质与阳极接触。
2.权利要求1的系统,其中第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质接触第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质。
3.权利要求2的系统,其中第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含气体。
4.权利要求3的系统,其中该气体包含二氧化碳。
5.权利要求4的系统,其中使该气体吸收到该阴极电解质中。
6.权利要求4的系统,其中将该二氧化碳气体与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质隔离。
7.权利要求5的系统,其中第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含氢氧离子、碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
8.权利要求1的系统,其中第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含溶解的二氧化碳。
9.权利要求7的系统,其中第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质包含氢氧离子、碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
10.权利要求4的系统,其中该系统被构造成借助在阳极和阴极之间施加的低于2V的电压在第二阴极电解质隔室中产生氢氧离子。
11.权利要求10的系统,其中该系统被构造成在阴极处产生氢气。
12.权利要求11的系统,其中该系统在阳极处不产生气体。
13.权利要求12的系统,其中该系统被构造成使氢氧离子从第二阴极电解质隔室迁移到第一阴极电解质隔室中。
14.权利要求12的系统,进一步包含被构造成将阴极处产生的氢气导向阳极的氢气输送系统。
15.权利要求1的系统,其中该第一阴极电解质隔室有效地连接到工业废气系统。
16.权利要求15的系统,其中该工业废气系统包含二氧化碳。
17.权利要求16的系统,其中该二氧化碳来自化石燃料的燃烧。
18.权利要求13的系统,其中该阴极隔室有效地连接到废气处理系统。
19.权利要求18的系统,其中该废气系统包含二氧化碳。
20.权利要求1的系统,其中该阴极隔室有效地连接到氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐沉淀系统。
21.权利要求20的系统,其中该沉淀系统构造成利用该阴极电解质制造氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或二价阳离子碳酸氢盐。
22.权利要求4的系统,其中该阳极和阴极有效地连接到非高峰电力供应系统。
23.权利要求4的系统,进一步包含在阳极隔室和阴极隔室之间的离子交换膜。
24.权利要求23的系统,其中该离子交换膜包括将第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质与第三电解质隔开的阳离子交换膜。
25.权利要求23的系统,其中该离子交换膜包括将阳极电解质与第三电解质隔开的阴离子交换膜。
26.权利要求25的系统,其中该第三电解质包含钠离子和氯离子。
27.权利要求26的系统,其中该系统被构造成使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中和使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中。
28.权利要求26的系统,其中该系统被构造成在阴极电解质中产生氢氧化钠。
29.权利要求26的系统,其中该系统被构造成在阴极电解质中产生氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和/或碳酸氢钠。
30.权利要求26的系统,其中该系统被构造成在第三电解质中产生部分脱盐水。
31.权利要求29的系统,其中该部分脱盐水有效地连接到水处理系统。
32.权利要求26的系统,其中该系统被构造成在阳极电解质中产生盐酸。
33.权利要求26的系统,其中将阴极电解质有效地连接到被构造成以将二氧化碳溶解在阴极电解质中的第一二氧化碳气/液接触器。
34.权利要求10的系统,其中该系统被构造成在阳极和阴极电解质之间产生0至14或更大pH单位的pH差。
35.电化学方法,包括:
将气体导入第一阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质;和
在与第二阴极电解质隔室中的阴极电解质接触的阴极和与阳极电解质接触的阳极之间施加电压,该第二阴极电解质隔室与第一阴极电解质隔室隔开。
36.权利要求35的方法,其中该气体包含二氧化碳。
37.权利要求36的方法,包括在第一阴极电解质隔室中制造氢氧离子、碳酸、碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
38.权利要求36的方法,包括在第二阴极电解质隔室中制造碳酸根离子和/或碳酸氢根离子。
39.权利要求37的方法,包括在阴极处制造氢气。
40.权利要求39的方法,包括在阳极处制造氢离子。
41.权利要求40的方法,其中在阳极处不产生气体。
42.权利要求41的方法,进一步包含将阴极处产生的氢气导向阳极。
43.权利要求35的方法,其中该电压低于2V。
44.权利要求42的方法,进一步包括用阳离子交换膜将阴极电解质与第三电解质隔开。
45.权利要求38的方法,进一步包括用阴离子交换膜将阳极电解质与第三电解质隔开。
46.权利要求45的方法,其中该第三电解质包含钠和氯离子。
47.权利要求45的方法,进一步包括使钠离子从第三电解质穿过阳离子交换膜迁移到阴极电解质中,和使氯离子从第三电解质穿过阴离子交换膜迁移到阳极电解质中。
48.权利要求47的方法,其中该阴极电解质包含碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠或氢氧化钠,且该阳极电解质包含盐酸。
49.权利要求48的方法,包括在阳极电解质中制造酸。
50.权利要求49的方法,包括利用该酸溶解镁铁质矿物或纤维素材料。
51.权利要求48的方法,包括在第三电解质中制造部分脱盐水。
52.权利要求48的方法,进一步包含使该阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以产生二价阳离子氢氧化物、碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物。
53.权利要求52的方法,其中该二价碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐化合物包含钙和镁。
54.权利要求52的方法,进一步包括:
提取第一部分的阴极电解质;
将二氧化碳溶解在该第一部分的阴极电解质中以制造第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质;和
用该第一富集的碳酸化阴极电解质补充阴极电解质。
55.权利要求54的方法,进一步包括:
提取第二部分的阴极电解质;
将二氧化碳溶解在该第二部分的阴极电解质以制造第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质;和
使该第二富集的碳酸化阴极电解质与二价阳离子溶液接触以制造二价阳离子碳酸盐。
56.权利要求35的方法,包括在阴极和阳极之间施加非高峰电力供应以在阳极和阴极之间提供电压。
Applications Claiming Priority (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8129908P | 2008-07-16 | 2008-07-16 | |
US61/081299 | 2008-07-16 | ||
US9172908P | 2008-08-25 | 2008-08-25 | |
US61/091729 | 2008-08-25 | ||
PCT/US2008/088242 WO2010074686A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2008-12-23 | Low-energy electrochemical hydroxide system and method |
USPCT/US2008/088242 | 2008-12-23 | ||
PCT/US2009/032301 WO2010087823A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2009-01-28 | Low-energy electrochemical bicarbonate ion solution |
USPCT/US2009/032301 | 2009-01-28 | ||
USPCT/US2009/048511 | 2009-06-24 | ||
PCT/US2009/048511 WO2010008896A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2009-06-24 | Low-energy 4-cell electrochemical system with carbon dioxide gas |
US22245609P | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | |
US61/222456 | 2009-07-01 | ||
PCT/US2009/050756 WO2010009273A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2009-07-15 | Co2 utilization in electrochemical systems |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101910469A true CN101910469A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
Family
ID=42830003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801015529A Pending CN101910469A (zh) | 2008-07-16 | 2009-07-15 | 电化学系统中的co2利用 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8357270B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2245214B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP5373079B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20110038691A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101910469A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009270879B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2700768C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010009273A1 (zh) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103173782A (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-06-26 | 四川大学 | 利用氯化镁矿化co2制取碱式碳酸镁联产盐酸的方法 |
CN103987442A (zh) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-08-13 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 二氧化碳透过装置和输送二氧化碳的方法 |
CN105063654A (zh) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北星火化工有限公司 | 利用甲基磺酸钠制备甲基磺酸和氢氧化钠的方法 |
CN106163642A (zh) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-11-23 | 不列颠哥伦比亚大学 | 气体转化和溶液处理 |
CN106457138A (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-02-22 | 韩国能源技术研究院 | 使用自生能量装置的二氧化碳俘获装置和方法 |
CN107429410A (zh) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-12-01 | 国立研究开发法人科学技术振兴机构 | 二氧化碳的电化学还原 |
CN109219674A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-01-15 | 西门子股份公司 | 用于电化学地利用二氧化碳的装置和方法 |
CN109704442A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种用于海水酸化装置的电极板结构 |
CN109790632A (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-05-21 | 西门子股份公司 | 用于电化学利用二氧化碳的方法和设备 |
CN112119536A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-12-22 | 蔚山科学技术院 | 二氧化碳利用系统以及包括其的复合发电系统 |
CN113200615A (zh) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-08-03 | 中科合成油内蒙古有限公司 | 一种电化学降低废水硬度的方法及系统 |
CN113795611A (zh) * | 2019-05-05 | 2021-12-14 | 多伦多大学管理委员会 | 在电解池中碳酸盐转化为合成气或c2+产物 |
CN114515494A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-20 | 浙江大学 | 具有精准离子控制的直接空气捕集二氧化碳节能系统和方法 |
CN114517301A (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-20 | 青岛中石大环境与安全技术中心有限公司 | 一种电解海水制氢联合二氧化碳捕集的方法及装置 |
Families Citing this family (99)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2440946T3 (es) | 2006-03-10 | 2014-01-31 | C-Quest Technologies International Llc | Procedimiento de secuestro de dióxido de carbono |
WO2008026201A2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Yeda Research And Development Co.Ltd | Methods and apparatuses for decreasing the co2 concentration of a fluid |
WO2008148055A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Calera Corporation | Hydraulic cements comprising carbonate compounds compositions |
US7993616B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2011-08-09 | C-Quest Technologies LLC | Methods and devices for reducing hazardous air pollutants |
WO2009086460A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | Calera Corporation | Methods of sequestering co2 |
US20100239467A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2010-09-23 | Brent Constantz | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
JP5373079B2 (ja) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-12-18 | カレラ コーポレイション | 電気化学システム中でのco2の利用 |
US7993500B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Gas diffusion anode and CO2 cathode electrolyte system |
US7771684B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-08-10 | Calera Corporation | CO2-sequestering formed building materials |
US9061940B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2015-06-23 | Calera Corporation | Concrete compositions and methods |
US7815880B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-10-19 | Calera Corporation | Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions |
US8869477B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-10-28 | Calera Corporation | Formed building materials |
US9133581B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-09-15 | Calera Corporation | Non-cementitious compositions comprising vaterite and methods thereof |
AU2010201005A1 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-26 | Calera Corporation | Low-voltage alkaline production using hydrogen and electrocatlytic electrodes |
US8883104B2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2014-11-11 | Calera Corporation | Gas stream multi-pollutants control systems and methods |
US20110247336A9 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2011-10-13 | Kasra Farsad | Systems and Methods for Processing CO2 |
US7993511B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical production of an alkaline solution using CO2 |
US20110030957A1 (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Brent Constantz | Carbon capture and storage |
US20110071309A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Constantz Brent R | Methods and Systems for Utilization of HCI |
AU2010337357B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2013-11-28 | Arelac, Inc. | Methods and compositions using calcium carbonate |
US8906156B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2014-12-09 | Calera Corporation | Cement and concrete with reinforced material |
US9481939B2 (en) | 2010-07-04 | 2016-11-01 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical device for converting carbon dioxide to a reaction product |
WO2016064440A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-28 | Dioxide Materials | Electrolyzer and membranes |
US9945040B2 (en) | 2010-07-04 | 2018-04-17 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Catalyst layers and electrolyzers |
AU2011232794B2 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-10-03 | Rodolfo Antonio M. Gomez | Non-diffusion liquid energy storage device |
US10047446B2 (en) | 2010-07-04 | 2018-08-14 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Method and system for electrochemical production of formic acid from carbon dioxide |
US9849450B2 (en) | 2010-07-04 | 2017-12-26 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Ion-conducting membranes |
GB201021701D0 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2011-02-02 | Future Environmental Technologies Ltd | Carbon capture of greenhouse gases |
WO2012149173A2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | Calera Corporation | Methods and compositions using calcium carbonate and stabilizer |
US8691175B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-04-08 | Calera Corporation | Calcium sulfate and CO2 sequestration |
SA112330516B1 (ar) | 2011-05-19 | 2016-02-22 | كاليرا كوربوريشن | انظمة وطرق هيدروكسيد كهروكيميائية مستخدمة لأكسدة المعدن |
US9200375B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2015-12-01 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods for preparation and separation of products |
WO2013049401A2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2013-04-04 | Calera Corporation | Cement and concrete with calcium aluminates |
KR101284554B1 (ko) | 2012-04-03 | 2013-07-11 | 광주과학기술원 | 직접 이온 전달 통로를 구비하는 수소 생산 및 미생물 담수화 장치 |
US9943841B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 | 2018-04-17 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Method of making an anion exchange membrane |
US9982353B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 | 2018-05-29 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Water electrolyzers |
US9808757B2 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2017-11-07 | The Southern Company | Systems and methods for sequestering CO2 |
KR101955889B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-07 | 2019-03-11 | 한국전력공사 | 담수설비 농축수를 이용한 이산화탄소 제거장치 및 이를 이용한 이산화탄소 제거방법 |
AU2013200983C1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2022-08-11 | Unique Global Possibilities (Australia) Pty Ltd | Hydrogen production |
TWI633206B (zh) | 2013-07-31 | 2018-08-21 | 卡利拉股份有限公司 | 使用金屬氧化物之電化學氫氧化物系統及方法 |
KR101549980B1 (ko) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-09-03 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 전기분해 시스템을 이용한 알칼리이온의 탄산염 제조방법 |
WO2015164589A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-29 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems for utilizing carbide lime or slag |
CN104131311B (zh) | 2014-07-07 | 2016-10-19 | 四川大学 | 矿化co2制取碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠对外输出电能的方法 |
CN107109672B (zh) | 2014-09-15 | 2019-09-27 | 卡勒拉公司 | 使用金属卤化物形成产物的电化学系统和方法 |
WO2016057709A2 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-14 | Blue Planet, Ltd. | Continuous carbon sequestration material production methods and systems for practicing the same |
US10774431B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2020-09-15 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Ion-conducting membranes |
US10724142B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2020-07-28 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Water electrolyzers employing anion exchange membranes |
CN107110809A (zh) | 2014-11-10 | 2017-08-29 | 卡勒拉公司 | 在有机物存在下的离子浓度测量 |
JP2016132800A (ja) | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-25 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 有機物生成方法および有機物生成システム |
BR112017019072B1 (pt) | 2015-03-16 | 2022-11-08 | Calera Corporation | Membrana de troca de íon e método eletroquímico |
US10280378B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2019-05-07 | Dioxide Materials, Inc | System and process for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals |
DE102015208690A1 (de) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-17 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Elektrodialytische Herstellung von Phosphorsäure und Vorrichtung |
EP3368502B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2020-09-02 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical, halogenation, and oxyhalogenation systems and methods |
US10236526B2 (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2019-03-19 | Calera Corporation | On-line monitoring of process/system |
WO2017158493A1 (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | Terra Co2 Technologies Ltd. | Electrolytic cells and uses thereof for the treatment of acid mine drainage and for sequestering co2 |
AU2017246207B2 (en) | 2016-04-04 | 2019-03-07 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Ion-conducting membranes |
US10847844B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2020-11-24 | Calera Corporation | Intermediate frame, electrochemical systems, and methods |
KR20170138364A (ko) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 한국과학기술원 | 이산화탄소의 분리 방법 및 이산화탄소 분리 시스템 |
US10619254B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2020-04-14 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical, chlorination, and oxychlorination systems and methods to form propylene oxide or ethylene oxide |
US11712654B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2023-08-01 | Blue Planet Systems Corporation | Direct air capture (DAC) carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration methods and systems |
US10396329B2 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2019-08-27 | Dioxide Materials, Inc. | Battery separator membrane and battery employing same |
US10147974B2 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2018-12-04 | Dioxide Materials, Inc | Battery separator membrane and battery employing same |
DE102017213471A1 (de) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Nutzung von Kohlenstoffdioxid |
US10556848B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-02-11 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods using lanthanide halide |
KR102041299B1 (ko) | 2017-12-14 | 2019-11-27 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 탄산칼슘 및 중조의 제조방법 및 그 제조설비 |
US10590054B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2020-03-17 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems to form propylene chlorohydrin from dichloropropane using Lewis acid |
CN109012070A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽溢彩玻璃器皿有限公司 | 一种双碱法脱硫除尘循环利用装置及方法 |
KR101986642B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-06-07 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용한 수소 발생장치를 구비하는 연료전지 시스템 |
KR102001213B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-10-01 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용한 수소 발생 및 이산화탄소 제거 장치를 구비하는 연료전지 시스템 |
WO2020045945A1 (ko) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용한 수소 발생장치 및 이를 구비하는 연료전지 시스템 |
AU2019330991A1 (en) | 2018-09-01 | 2021-02-25 | Blue Planet Systems Corporation | Geomass mediated carbon sequestration material production methods and systems for practicing the same |
EP3628757A1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-04-01 | Paul Scherrer Institut | Method for removing non-proton cationic impurities from an electrochemical cell and an electrochemical cell |
US10811711B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2020-10-20 | University Of Delaware | Electrochemical devices and fuel cell systems |
KR102163935B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-10-12 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 이차전지 및 이를 구비하는 복합 발전 시스템 |
KR102042683B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-11-08 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소 활용 시스템 |
WO2020138668A1 (ko) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-02 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 이차전지 및 이를 구비하는 복합 발전 시스템 |
KR102205629B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-01-20 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 이차전지 및 이를 구비하는 복합 발전 시스템 |
KR102171288B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-10-29 | 울산과학기술원 | 연료전지를 이용하는 잠수함용 동력 생산 시스템 |
KR102032676B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-10-15 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소 활용 시스템 |
WO2020145642A2 (ko) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-16 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소 활용 시스템 및 이를 활용한 복합 시스템 |
US11471829B2 (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2022-10-18 | Skyre, Inc. | Electrochemical carbon dioxide recovery system |
KR102025920B1 (ko) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-26 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소 활용 시스템 |
JP6793926B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-05 | 2020-12-02 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 有機物生成方法および有機物生成システム |
WO2021038808A1 (ja) | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | 健司 反町 | 二酸化炭素の固定方法、固定化二酸化炭素の製造方法、および固定化二酸化炭素の製造装置 |
JP7008305B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-22 | 2022-01-25 | 健司 反町 | 二酸化炭素の固定方法、および固定化二酸化炭素の製造方法 |
EP3889110A4 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-10-06 | Sorimachi, Kenji | CARBON DIOXIDE BINDING METHOD, FIXED CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION METHOD, AND CARBON DIOXIDE BINDING DEVICE |
JP6864143B1 (ja) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-04-28 | 健司 反町 | 二酸化炭素の固定方法、固定化二酸化炭素の製造方法、および二酸化炭素の固定装置 |
CA3168044A1 (en) | 2020-02-25 | 2021-09-02 | Michael Joseph Weiss | Methods and systems for treatment of limestone to form vaterite |
WO2021212018A1 (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-21 | Northstar 620 | Electrolysis process for making lithium hydroxide |
CN116018195A (zh) | 2020-06-30 | 2023-04-25 | 艾瑞莱克公司 | 使用电窑从煅烧的石灰石形成球霰石的方法和系统 |
CN112520948A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-19 | 北京交通大学 | 一种低碳氮比废水的生物脱氮兼负碳排放系统 |
KR102553922B1 (ko) * | 2021-03-19 | 2023-07-10 | 울산과학기술원 | 이산화탄소를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 이차전지 및 이를 구비하는 복합 발전 시스템 |
EP4071274B1 (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-09-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectrochemical device for the capture, concentration and collection of atmospheric carbon dioxide |
KR102543734B1 (ko) * | 2021-06-16 | 2023-06-13 | 울산과학기술원 | 농축 해수 자원화 담수처리장치 |
US20230107163A1 (en) * | 2021-09-20 | 2023-04-06 | California Institute Of Technology | Systems and Methods for Gas-Liquid Contactors for Rapid Carbon Capture |
CN114214638B (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | 东北大学 | 一种富集二氧化碳联产氢气和氧气或氯气的方法及设备 |
WO2023195712A1 (ko) * | 2022-04-04 | 2023-10-12 | 주식회사 디알엠카탈리스트 | 이산화탄소 활용 시스템 |
WO2024026394A2 (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-02-01 | The Johns Hopkins University | Electrolyzers |
DE102022122837B3 (de) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-14 | Carbon Atlantis GmbH | Elektrolytisches Verfahren, Elektrolyseur, Elektrolysesystem, Verwendung und Anlage |
Family Cites Families (599)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1176747A (en) | 1915-03-04 | 1916-03-28 | Benjamin M Ferguson | Gas-scrubbing apparatus. |
US1169766A (en) | 1915-10-02 | 1916-02-01 | Hermann A Brassert | Gas-washer. |
US1172930A (en) | 1915-12-08 | 1916-02-22 | Hermann A Brassert | Method of and apparatus for gas-washing. |
US1678345A (en) | 1921-06-25 | 1928-07-24 | Keasbey & Mattison Company | Millboard product and process |
US1493579A (en) | 1921-12-27 | 1924-05-13 | Walter Bruce | Gas washer |
US1543942A (en) | 1922-06-05 | 1925-06-30 | Mathesius Walther | Method for cleaning gas |
US1655171A (en) | 1925-06-17 | 1928-01-03 | Bartlett Hayward Co | Liquid and gas contact apparatus |
US1785365A (en) | 1926-05-06 | 1930-12-16 | Koppers Co Inc | Process for the removal of naphthalene and carbon bisulphide from gases |
GB271852A (en) | 1926-05-28 | 1927-11-10 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in and means for the extraction of carbon dioxide from gaseous mixtures |
US1924503A (en) | 1928-02-09 | 1933-08-29 | Cosmic Arts Inc | Treatment of complex solutions of salts |
US1865833A (en) | 1929-01-21 | 1932-07-05 | Heinz H Chesny | Process of forming sodium bicarbonate |
US1759361A (en) | 1929-04-25 | 1930-05-20 | James G Miller | Process of treating natural alkaline waters or brines to obtain therefrom commercially useful substances |
US1823269A (en) | 1929-06-10 | 1931-09-15 | Brassert & Co | Gas washer |
US2006295A (en) | 1931-06-19 | 1935-06-25 | United Eng & Constructors Inc | Apparatus for the scrubbing of gas |
US2082101A (en) | 1931-12-31 | 1937-06-01 | N I Stone | Process of treating a mixture of calcium and magnesium hydroxides |
US1986736A (en) | 1934-04-09 | 1935-01-01 | James L Mauthe | Gas washer |
US2054315A (en) | 1934-10-22 | 1936-09-15 | Freyn Engineering Co | Tower gas washer |
US2273795A (en) | 1936-12-31 | 1942-02-17 | Nat Carbon Co Inc | Electrolytic process |
US2204771A (en) | 1937-09-25 | 1940-06-18 | Freyn Engineering Co | Gas washing means |
US2242294A (en) | 1938-05-16 | 1941-05-20 | Freyn Engineering Co | Gas washing means and method |
US2227465A (en) | 1938-06-11 | 1941-01-07 | Binks Mfg Co | Means for eliminating divided material in industrial processes |
US2304391A (en) | 1939-10-23 | 1942-12-08 | Kerr Dental Mfg Company | Cement |
US2241674A (en) | 1939-11-01 | 1941-05-13 | Jr Albert Mohr | Gas washing apparatus |
US2329940A (en) | 1940-12-12 | 1943-09-21 | Missouri Portland Cement Co | Manufacture of cement |
US2383674A (en) | 1941-08-21 | 1945-08-28 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Process for production of sodium bicarbonate |
US2458039A (en) | 1945-10-05 | 1949-01-04 | Bertrand H Wait | Aggregate for improving portland cement concretes |
US2650084A (en) | 1946-06-28 | 1953-08-25 | Dorr Co | Calcining lime bearing sludges |
US2474381A (en) | 1948-07-02 | 1949-06-28 | Sr Frank Sladick | Concrete composition and process for production thereof |
US2606839A (en) | 1951-03-21 | 1952-08-12 | Dow Chemical Co | Noncaking sea salt and method of producing the same |
US2967807A (en) | 1952-01-23 | 1961-01-10 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Electrolytic decomposition of sodium chloride |
US2776132A (en) | 1953-02-06 | 1957-01-01 | Pyzel Robert | Cement manufacture |
US2934419A (en) | 1955-09-19 | 1960-04-26 | Dixie Chemical Company Inc | Method of treating sea water |
US2810450A (en) | 1956-06-08 | 1957-10-22 | Allied Chem & Dye Corp | Method and apparatus for treating coke oven gas |
NL95503C (zh) | 1958-04-01 | |||
US3046152A (en) | 1958-11-25 | 1962-07-24 | Shiraishi Tsuneyoshi | Method of preparing colloidal calcium magnesium silicate |
US3120426A (en) | 1959-06-24 | 1964-02-04 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Process for the production of aragonite crystals |
NL256163A (zh) | 1959-09-28 | |||
US3067007A (en) | 1960-01-27 | 1962-12-04 | Dow Chemical Co | Separation of strong polybasic acids from their salts |
NL278049A (zh) | 1961-05-05 | |||
NL278428A (zh) | 1961-05-15 | 1900-01-01 | ||
NL282666A (zh) | 1961-09-06 | |||
US3202522A (en) | 1961-12-28 | 1965-08-24 | Johns Manville | Cementitious product |
US3165460A (en) * | 1962-04-11 | 1965-01-12 | American Mach & Foundry | Electrolytic acid generator |
US3264125A (en) | 1962-12-04 | 1966-08-02 | Versicrete Ind | Manufacture of lightweight concrete products |
DE1233366B (de) | 1963-06-28 | 1967-02-02 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Elektrolyseur fuer die gleichzeitige Herstellung von Chlor und Alkalicarbonaten |
US3262865A (en) | 1963-07-15 | 1966-07-26 | Grace W R & Co | Chemical treatment and distillation of sea water |
US3350292A (en) | 1964-05-14 | 1967-10-31 | American Cyanamid Co | Utilization of saline water |
DE1243165B (de) | 1964-12-31 | 1967-06-29 | Halomet Ag | Verfahren zur Gewinnung reiner Metallchloride |
US3340003A (en) | 1965-06-01 | 1967-09-05 | Ohio Lime Company | Process for producing high purity alkaline earth compounds |
US3558769A (en) | 1965-09-24 | 1971-01-26 | Guardian Chemical Corp | Compositions for dental prophylaxis |
US3463814A (en) | 1967-03-24 | 1969-08-26 | Us Interior | Chemical cycle for evaporative water desalination plant |
US3511712A (en) | 1967-03-30 | 1970-05-12 | United Aircraft Corp | Process of removing carbon dioxide from gas streams using fuel cell |
US3511595A (en) | 1967-05-18 | 1970-05-12 | Treadwell Corp The | Method of removing carbon dioxide and water vapor from air |
US3420775A (en) | 1967-07-05 | 1969-01-07 | Edgar A Cadwallader | Prevention of scale in saline water evaporators using carbon dioxide under special conditions |
US3574530A (en) | 1967-10-02 | 1971-04-13 | Pullman Inc | Method of removing sulfur dioxide from waste gases |
US3471999A (en) | 1967-11-13 | 1969-10-14 | Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C | Process and device for the separation of naphthalene from coke oven gas |
US3538036A (en) | 1968-04-25 | 1970-11-03 | Harry T Campbell Sons Corp | Concrete composition containing polymeric acrylic resin |
US3525675A (en) | 1968-05-22 | 1970-08-25 | Orca Inc | Desalination distillation using barium carbonate as descaling agent |
GB1281685A (en) | 1968-08-15 | 1972-07-12 | Ici Ltd | Precipitated calcium carbonate |
US3627479A (en) | 1968-10-10 | 1971-12-14 | Atomic Energy Commission | Chemical-electro-chemical cycle for desalination of water |
US3663379A (en) | 1969-07-01 | 1972-05-16 | Rohr Corp | Method and electrolytes for anodizing titanium and its alloys |
US3721621A (en) | 1969-12-02 | 1973-03-20 | W Hough | Forward-osmosis solvent extraction |
US3630762A (en) | 1969-12-29 | 1971-12-28 | Mineral Products Corp | Waterproofing barrier |
US3847632A (en) | 1970-07-01 | 1974-11-12 | Tekology Corp | Masonry material |
US3686372A (en) | 1970-09-16 | 1972-08-22 | Gen Portland Cement Co | Method for making cement |
US3861928A (en) | 1970-10-30 | 1975-01-21 | Flintkote Co | Hydraulic cement and method of producing same |
NL7115741A (zh) | 1970-11-21 | 1972-05-24 | ||
US3917795A (en) | 1970-11-30 | 1975-11-04 | Black Sivalls & Bryson Inc | Method of treating coal refuse |
US3975503A (en) | 1970-12-08 | 1976-08-17 | Kali-Chemie Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing alkali carbonate |
US3953568A (en) | 1971-07-22 | 1976-04-27 | Maomi Seko | Method of simultaneous concentration and dilution of isotopes |
US3725267A (en) | 1972-02-14 | 1973-04-03 | Interior | Softening of sea water by addition of barium carbonate and co2 |
US3733788A (en) | 1972-05-10 | 1973-05-22 | W Crowley | Apparatus for removing particulate and gaseous pollutants from stack smoke |
US3912801A (en) | 1972-07-11 | 1975-10-14 | Manning Jr Wellington M | Solvent extraction of metals with a cyclic alkylene carbonate |
GB1426335A (en) | 1972-09-04 | 1976-02-25 | Woodall Duckham Ltd | Treatment of inorganic dust |
US3834129A (en) | 1972-09-13 | 1974-09-10 | E Darlinger | Absorption optimization apparatus |
US4157250A (en) | 1972-09-22 | 1979-06-05 | Ulrich Regehr | Scrubber apparatus for washing gases and having a coarse and fine droplet separator |
US3864236A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1975-02-04 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | Apparatus for the electrolytic production of alkali |
US3963592A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1976-06-15 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Method for the electrolytic production of alkali |
US4147599A (en) | 1977-07-19 | 1979-04-03 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Production of alkali metal carbonates in a cell having a carboxyl membrane |
US4263021A (en) | 1972-12-05 | 1981-04-21 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Gas-liquid contact system |
US4045524A (en) | 1973-03-20 | 1977-08-30 | Air-Industrie | Installations for washing a polluted gas |
GB1392907A (en) | 1973-03-20 | 1975-05-07 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Preparation of p-menthane carboxylic acid |
US3907526A (en) | 1973-04-30 | 1975-09-23 | Peabody Engineering Corp | High velocity spray scrubber |
US4117060A (en) | 1973-08-15 | 1978-09-26 | U.S. Terrazzo Panels, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of concrete and like products |
US3959419A (en) | 1973-09-06 | 1976-05-25 | Fritz W. Glitsch & Sons, Inc. | Vapor-liquid contact method |
US4181580A (en) | 1973-11-28 | 1980-01-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for electro-tin plating |
US3904496A (en) | 1974-01-02 | 1975-09-09 | Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp | Electrolytic production of chlorine dioxide, chlorine, alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen |
DE2413358C3 (de) | 1974-03-20 | 1978-04-13 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Entchlorung von Kohlendioxid und Chlor enthaltenden Gasgemischen |
US4264367A (en) | 1974-08-01 | 1981-04-28 | Sika Chemical Corporation | Admixtures and method for accelerating the setting of portland cement compositions |
US4002721A (en) | 1974-09-26 | 1977-01-11 | Chevron Research Company | Process improvement in the absorption of acid gas from a feed gas |
US4164537A (en) | 1974-09-30 | 1979-08-14 | Drostholm F H | Brick press and associated equipment for making bricks |
DE2450259B2 (de) | 1974-10-23 | 1979-03-29 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Elektrolysesole |
AR205953A1 (es) | 1975-01-22 | 1976-06-15 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Produccion de carbonatos de metales a calinos en una celula de membrana |
JPS51102357U (zh) | 1975-02-13 | 1976-08-17 | ||
US4026716A (en) | 1975-03-17 | 1977-05-31 | Woodville Lime And Chemical Company | Concrete composition |
US4000991A (en) | 1975-03-27 | 1977-01-04 | Krebs Engineers | Method of removing fly ash particulates from flue gases in a closed-loop wet scrubbing system |
US4040852A (en) | 1975-04-04 | 1977-08-09 | Amax Resource Recovery Systems, Inc. | Lightweight aggregate |
US4036749A (en) | 1975-04-30 | 1977-07-19 | Anderson Donald R | Purification of saline water |
US3997303A (en) | 1975-05-01 | 1976-12-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Liquid-gas phase separator having a perforated plate and mist eliminator pad |
US4107112A (en) | 1975-07-28 | 1978-08-15 | Latta Jr Laurence | Epoxy resin soil stabilizing compositions |
US4033848A (en) | 1975-10-15 | 1977-07-05 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Wafer electrode for an electrolytic cell |
DE2626885C2 (de) | 1976-06-16 | 1978-05-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zum Aufschluß von Alkali-Erdalkali-silicathaltigem Material zur Gewinnung von Alkalisilicat- oder Alkalicarbonatlösungen und Stoffen mit großer spezifischer Oberfläche |
NL7607470A (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1978-01-10 | Electrochem Energieconversie | Electrodes for gaseous fuel cells - with porous electrically conducting layer and ion exchange layer, can be run on air contg. carbon di:oxide |
US4128462A (en) | 1976-08-16 | 1978-12-05 | Ghiringhelli Hugh A | Electrochemical process for recovering precious metals from their ores |
US4069063A (en) | 1976-11-24 | 1978-01-17 | Westvaco Corporation | Cement composition |
DE2653649A1 (de) | 1976-11-25 | 1978-06-01 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | Anlage zur erzeugung von trinkwasser und rohstoffen aus meerwasser |
US4315872A (en) | 1977-07-29 | 1982-02-16 | Fuji Kasui Engineering Co., Ltd. | Plate column |
US4251236A (en) | 1977-11-17 | 1981-02-17 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for purifying the off-gases from industrial furnaces, especially from waste incineration plants |
US4188291A (en) | 1978-04-06 | 1980-02-12 | Anderson Donald R | Treatment of industrial waste water |
US4340572A (en) | 1978-05-19 | 1982-07-20 | Woodside Construction, Inc. | Process for recovering heat from stack or flue gas |
US4217186A (en) | 1978-09-14 | 1980-08-12 | Ionics Inc. | Process for chloro-alkali electrolysis cell |
GB2032441B (en) | 1978-10-16 | 1983-01-12 | Inst Khim Fiz An Sssr | Composite material and method of producing the same |
US4253922A (en) | 1979-02-23 | 1981-03-03 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Cathode electrocatalysts for solid polymer electrolyte chlor-alkali cells |
US4246075A (en) | 1979-03-19 | 1981-01-20 | Marine Resources Company | Mineral accretion of large surface structures, building components and elements |
CA1129181A (en) | 1979-03-30 | 1982-08-10 | Mark Richman | So.sub.2 scrubbing system for flue gas desulfurization |
US4219396A (en) | 1979-08-03 | 1980-08-26 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Electrodialytic process |
US4242185A (en) | 1979-09-04 | 1980-12-30 | Ionics Inc. | Process and apparatus for controlling impurities and pollution from membrane chlor-alkali cells |
US4303549A (en) | 1979-10-18 | 1981-12-01 | Drew Chemical Corporation | Liquid defoamer and defoaming process |
US4361475A (en) | 1980-01-10 | 1982-11-30 | Innova, Inc. | Membrane block construction and electrochemical cell |
US4335788A (en) | 1980-01-24 | 1982-06-22 | Halliburton Company | Acid dissolvable cements and methods of using the same |
US4307066A (en) | 1980-01-30 | 1981-12-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Extraction of metals from mixtures of oxides or silicates |
NO156235C (no) | 1980-02-13 | 1988-02-02 | Flaekt Ab | Fremgangsmaate ved absorpsjon av svoveloksyder fra roekgasser i sjoevann. |
US4370307A (en) | 1980-02-29 | 1983-01-25 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Preparation of pure magnesian values |
DE3165630D1 (en) | 1980-04-11 | 1984-09-27 | Ici Plc | Cementitious composition and cement product produced therefrom |
BR8108596A (pt) | 1980-05-01 | 1982-04-06 | Aalborg Portland Cement | Artigo composito,material composito e processo para a sua producao |
US4308298A (en) | 1980-05-08 | 1981-12-29 | International Paper Company | Upgrading of cellulosic boards |
US4432175A (en) | 1981-02-17 | 1984-02-21 | Smith Rodney I | Post-tensioned concrete slab |
US4377640A (en) | 1981-05-20 | 1983-03-22 | Texasgulf Inc. | Sulphur gas geochemical prospecting |
US4377554A (en) | 1981-08-26 | 1983-03-22 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Generation of microaerophilic atmosphere |
US4376101A (en) | 1981-11-13 | 1983-03-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for removing acid gases using a basic salt activated with a non-sterically hindered diamine |
DE3146326C2 (de) | 1981-11-23 | 1983-11-10 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Anlage zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser aus Meerwasser |
US4440611A (en) | 1981-12-09 | 1984-04-03 | The Texas A & M University System | Cathodic electrochemical process for preventing or retarding microbial and calcareous fouling |
US4410606A (en) | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-18 | Loutfy Raouf O | Low temperature thermally regenerative electrochemical system |
JPS59100280U (ja) | 1982-12-24 | 1984-07-06 | 株式会社精工舎 | 時計 |
US4450009A (en) | 1983-04-29 | 1984-05-22 | Halliburton Company | Method of preparing a light weight cement composition from sea water |
US4508545A (en) | 1983-09-19 | 1985-04-02 | Deloach Walter W | Closed loop water treating system and method |
JPS6057735U (ja) | 1983-09-29 | 1985-04-22 | 日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 | キヤビテ−シヨンエロ−ジヨン防止装置 |
US4670234A (en) | 1984-01-25 | 1987-06-02 | Heinz Holter | Process for stripping nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides as well as optionally other noxious elements of flue gas from combustion plants |
US4561945A (en) | 1984-07-30 | 1985-12-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Electrolysis of alkali metal salts with hydrogen depolarized anodes |
GB8423642D0 (en) | 1984-09-19 | 1984-10-24 | Ici Plc | Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solution |
JPS6191014A (ja) * | 1984-10-12 | 1986-05-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 電解用塩化カリウム水溶液の精製法 |
BR8506634A (pt) | 1984-12-20 | 1986-09-09 | Rhone Poulenc Sante | Composicoes para o revestimento de aditivos alimentares destinados aos ruminantes e granulados sob forma de microcapsulas assim revestidos |
US4634533A (en) | 1985-04-26 | 1987-01-06 | Somerville Robert L | Method of converting brines to useful products |
US5100633A (en) | 1985-11-07 | 1992-03-31 | Passamaquoddy Technology Limited Partnership | Method for scrubbing pollutants from an exhaust gas stream |
US4716027A (en) | 1986-07-25 | 1987-12-29 | Passamaquoddy Tribe, A Sovereign Indian Tribe Recognized By The Government Of The United States Of America | Method for simultaneously scrubbing cement kiln exhaust gas and producing useful by-products therefrom |
KR880700779A (ko) | 1986-01-07 | 1988-04-12 | 그래함 다글러스 힐 로버트 | 마그네슘 시멘트 |
DE3638317A1 (de) | 1986-01-21 | 1987-06-25 | Hermann Dr Rer Na Killesreiter | Thermo-elektrische solarzelle |
US4804449A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1989-02-14 | Sweeney Charles T | Electrolytic cell |
US4818367A (en) | 1986-04-14 | 1989-04-04 | J. H. Diamond Company | Asphalt, copolymer and elastomer composition |
US4915914A (en) | 1986-07-25 | 1990-04-10 | Passamaquaddy Tribe | System for simultaneously scrubbing cement kiln exhaust gas and producing useful by-products therefrom |
US4931264A (en) | 1986-11-07 | 1990-06-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Process for removing sulfur from sulfur-containing gases |
US4738695A (en) | 1987-06-10 | 1988-04-19 | Dade County Aviation Dept., An Administrative Division Of Metropolitan Dade County | Gas removal system |
US4804523A (en) | 1987-06-17 | 1989-02-14 | Bechtel Group, Incorporated | Use of seawater in flue gas desulfurization |
JPS63312988A (ja) | 1987-06-17 | 1988-12-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 水酸化アルカリの製造方法 |
DE3721684A1 (de) | 1987-07-01 | 1989-01-12 | Krc Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum nassen entfernen von schwefeldioxid |
GB2207618B (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1991-05-15 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for treating aqueous fluids containing organic compounds and salts of polyvalent inorganic acids |
US4899544A (en) | 1987-08-13 | 1990-02-13 | Boyd Randall T | Cogeneration/CO2 production process and plant |
NZ225964A (en) | 1987-09-16 | 1991-11-26 | Passamaquoddy Tribe | Scrubbing acid gases from exhaust stream using slurry of ash |
JP2648313B2 (ja) * | 1987-11-30 | 1997-08-27 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 電解方法 |
JPH01234585A (ja) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-19 | Choichi Furuya | ガス拡散電極を用いる電解方法及び装置 |
US4852344A (en) | 1988-06-06 | 1989-08-01 | Energy Economics & Development, Inc. | Waste disposal method and apparatus |
US5037286A (en) | 1988-06-24 | 1991-08-06 | Rolite, Inc. | Incineration residue treatment apparatus |
US4880447A (en) | 1988-11-22 | 1989-11-14 | Naylor Industrial Services, Inc. | Method and apparatus for steam flow venting incorporating air educting means |
US4915877A (en) | 1989-05-18 | 1990-04-10 | Shepherd Charles E | Fill assembly for cooling tower |
US6638413B1 (en) | 1989-10-10 | 2003-10-28 | Lectro Press, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for electrolysis of water |
EP0429154B1 (en) | 1989-11-21 | 1994-12-21 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the fixation of carbon dioxide and apparatus for the treatment of carbon dioxide |
JPH03170363A (ja) | 1989-11-27 | 1991-07-23 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | マグネシア―カルシア質耐火物 |
JPH03184892A (ja) | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-12 | Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd | 感熱記録体 |
KR0176250B1 (ko) | 1990-05-28 | 1999-03-20 | 마루오 기헤에 | 단분산된 바테라이트형 탄산칼슘 및 그 제조방법과 입자성장형태 제어방법 |
DE4021465A1 (de) | 1990-07-05 | 1992-01-16 | Kettel Dirk | Verfahren zum nachweis des erdgaspotentials in sedimentbecken und daraus abgeleitet des erdoelpotentials |
US5334564A (en) | 1990-07-16 | 1994-08-02 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for the preparation of highly reactive clay composites for the removal of SOx from flue gas streams |
FR2665698B1 (fr) | 1990-08-10 | 1993-09-10 | Conroy Michel | Ciment complemente melange a des granulats selectionnes, pour l'obtention de mortier ou beton sans retrait, auto-lissant et auto-nivelant. |
CA2023733C (en) | 1990-08-21 | 1998-04-14 | Marek Lipsztajn | Chlorine dioxide generation from chloric acid |
SU1819854A1 (en) | 1990-10-11 | 1993-06-07 | Харьковское Научно-Производственное Объединение "Карбонат" | Method of sodium hydrocarbonate producing |
JPH04190831A (ja) | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-09 | Hitachi Ltd | 炭酸ガス再資源化リサイクルシステム |
JPH04190829A (ja) | 1990-11-26 | 1992-07-09 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | 炭酸ガスの除去方法 |
US5141620A (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-08-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Device and method for separating and compressing carbon dioxide from a carbonate salt |
US5439509A (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1995-08-08 | Turbotak Inc. | Stripping method and apparatus |
DK0502596T4 (da) | 1991-03-07 | 1999-12-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Apparat og fremgangsmåde til fjernelse af carbondioxid fra forbrændingsafgangsgas |
US5244304A (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1993-09-14 | American Stone-Mix, Inc. | Cement based patching composition for asphalt pavement |
JPH04317721A (ja) | 1991-04-18 | 1992-11-09 | Meidensha Corp | 二酸化炭素分離装置 |
WO1992021613A1 (en) | 1991-06-04 | 1992-12-10 | Minerals Technologies, Inc. | Precipitated calcium carbonate particles from basic calcium carbonate |
IT1248564B (it) | 1991-06-27 | 1995-01-19 | Permelec Spa Nora | Processo di decomposizione elettrochimica di sali neutri senza co-produzione di alogeni o di acido e cella di elettrolisi adatta per la sua realizzazione. |
US5427608A (en) | 1991-06-28 | 1995-06-27 | Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenges, M.B.H. | Method of separating solid and/or liquid particles and/or polluting gas from a gas stream, and apparatus for carrying out the method |
US5127765A (en) | 1991-07-25 | 1992-07-07 | Millgard Environmental Corporation | System for in-situ treatment of underwater contaminated material |
US5230734A (en) | 1991-07-29 | 1993-07-27 | Okutama Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Calcium-magnesium carbonate composite and method for the preparation thereof |
US5618392A (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1997-04-08 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Gas diffusion electrode |
US5275794A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1994-01-04 | Luna Raymundo R | Process for producing sodium bicarbonate from natural soda salts |
US5536310A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1996-07-16 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious compositions containing fly ash |
US5766338A (en) | 1991-12-03 | 1998-06-16 | American Fly Ash Company | Road base material containing fly ash |
US5246551A (en) * | 1992-02-11 | 1993-09-21 | Chemetics International Company Ltd. | Electrochemical methods for production of alkali metal hydroxides without the co-production of chlorine |
CA2090088C (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1995-07-25 | Pierre Marc Fouche | Production of purified calcium carbonate |
DE4208068A1 (de) | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Solvay Barium Strontium Gmbh | Herstellung von granuliertem erdalkalimetallcarbonat unter gleichzeitiger erhitzung und granulation |
DE4207923A1 (de) | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Solvay Barium Strontium Gmbh | Herstellung von granuliertem erdalkalimetallcarbonat |
US5683587A (en) | 1992-03-30 | 1997-11-04 | Ferrara; Marcello | Process for treating industrial wastes |
DK49592D0 (da) | 1992-04-13 | 1992-04-13 | Aalborg Portland As | Cementkomposition |
US5282935A (en) | 1992-04-13 | 1994-02-01 | Olin Corporation | Electrodialytic process for producing an alkali solution |
US5332564A (en) | 1992-07-10 | 1994-07-26 | Ecc International Inc. | Process for production of rhombic shaped precipitated calcium carbonate |
US5531865A (en) | 1992-08-19 | 1996-07-02 | Cole; Leland G. | Electrolytic water purification process |
IL103918A (en) | 1992-11-29 | 1996-10-16 | Hamit Energy As | Method for reducing atmospheric pollution caused by SO2 |
JP2559557B2 (ja) | 1993-02-04 | 1996-12-04 | 共栄物産株式会社 | 生コンクリートもしくはコンクリート二次製品製造時に排出されるスラッジを用いた二酸化炭素消費材およびその製造方法並びに排ガス中の二酸化炭素消費方法 |
WO1994018119A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1994-08-18 | Passamaquoddy Technology, Limited Partnership | Method for scrubbing pollutants from an exhaust gas stream |
US5348712A (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-09-20 | Texaco Chemical Company | Use of carbonates in metal ion extraction |
DE4311665C1 (de) | 1993-04-08 | 1994-08-18 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkaliperoxid-Lösungen |
DK70693D0 (da) | 1993-06-14 | 1993-06-14 | Niels Ole Vesterager | Fremgangsmaade til fjernelse af uoenskede stoffer i en gasart |
US5855649A (en) | 1993-07-26 | 1999-01-05 | Ada Technologies Solutions, Llc | Liquid additives for particulate emissions control |
US5853686A (en) | 1993-08-10 | 1998-12-29 | State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The Oregon State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of The University Of Oregon | Calcium carbonates of altered crystal habit or morphology and methods for producing same |
JP3240766B2 (ja) | 1993-08-24 | 2001-12-25 | 株式会社イナックス | CaCO3の固化方法 |
US5599638A (en) | 1993-10-12 | 1997-02-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Aqueous liquid feed organic fuel cell using solid polymer electrolyte membrane |
US5855759A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1999-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrochemical cell and process for splitting a sulfate solution and producing a hyroxide solution sulfuric acid and a halogen gas |
US5470671A (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1995-11-28 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell employing ambient air as the oxidant and coolant |
GB9403037D0 (en) | 1994-02-17 | 1994-04-06 | Euratom | Process and vehicle for the reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide |
NL9500594A (nl) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-11-01 | Inax Corp | Werkwijze voor het verharden van CaCO3 en/of MgCO3. |
US5846669A (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1998-12-08 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Hybrid electrolyte system |
US5547027A (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1996-08-20 | Dowell, A Division Of Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Low temperature, low rheology synthetic cement |
JP3632222B2 (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 2005-03-23 | 株式会社Inax | CaCO3の固化方法 |
US5690729A (en) | 1994-09-21 | 1997-11-25 | Materials Technology, Limited | Cement mixtures with alkali-intolerant matter and method |
JPH08246178A (ja) * | 1995-03-10 | 1996-09-24 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | 塩類の電気化学的回収方法及び装置 |
US5587083A (en) | 1995-04-17 | 1996-12-24 | Chemetics International Company Ltd. | Nanofiltration of concentrated aqueous salt solutions |
US5624493A (en) | 1995-04-19 | 1997-04-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Quick-setting concrete and a method for making quick-setting concrete |
AU4421396A (en) | 1995-05-01 | 1996-11-21 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrochemical cell and process for splitting a sulfate sol ution and producing a hydroxide solution, sulfuric acid and a halogen gas |
US6428767B1 (en) | 1995-05-12 | 2002-08-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for identifying the source of carbon in 1,3-propanediol |
JP3568628B2 (ja) | 1995-05-26 | 2004-09-22 | 丸高コンクリート工業株式会社 | 高流動コンクリート組成物 |
WO1996038384A1 (en) | 1995-06-01 | 1996-12-05 | Upscale Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing nitrates from water |
US5569558A (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-10-29 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Reduced voltage delay additive for nonaqueous electrolyte in alkali metal electrochemical cell |
DE19521178C2 (de) | 1995-06-10 | 1998-08-06 | Munters Euroform Gmbh Carl | Tropfenabscheideranordnung für Gaswäscher |
DE19529246A1 (de) | 1995-08-09 | 1997-02-13 | Thomas Weimer | Verfahren zur Kohlendioxidabreinigung aus Gasgemischen |
US5531821A (en) | 1995-08-24 | 1996-07-02 | Ecc International Inc. | Surface modified calcium carbonate composition and uses therefor |
US5785868A (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1998-07-28 | Board Of Regents, Univ. Of Texas System | Method for selective separation of products at hydrothermal conditions |
PT851839E (pt) | 1995-09-20 | 2002-09-30 | Chemical Lime Ltd | Processo para o fabrico de carbonato de calcio de elevada pureza |
CA2185943C (en) | 1995-09-21 | 2005-03-29 | Donald Stephen Hopkins | Cement containing bottom ash |
FR2740354B1 (fr) | 1995-10-31 | 1997-11-28 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede de traitement de fumees a base d'oxydes de soufre |
WO1997018503A1 (de) | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-22 | Fuhr Guenter | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur einstellung von ionenkonzentrationen |
NZ322836A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1999-08-30 | Periclase Pty Ltd | A cement contains calcium carbonate, caustic magnesium oxide, and a source of carbonation during setting |
US6190428B1 (en) | 1996-03-25 | 2001-02-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Electrochemical process for removing low-valent sulfur from carbon |
CA2258257A1 (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1997-11-27 | Materials Technology, Limited | Hardened hydraulic cement, ceramic or coarse concrete aggregate treated with high pressure fluids |
NO302454B1 (no) | 1996-07-31 | 1998-03-09 | Kvaerner Asa | Fremgangsmåte til fjerning av karbondioksid fra gasser |
DE19631794A1 (de) | 1996-08-07 | 1997-08-07 | Peter Prof Pohl | Verfahren zur Beseitigung von CO¶2¶ aus Abgasen einer Verbrennungsmaschine |
US6537456B2 (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2003-03-25 | Debasish Mukhopadhyay | Method and apparatus for high efficiency reverse osmosis operation |
US5925255A (en) | 1997-03-01 | 1999-07-20 | Mukhopadhyay; Debasish | Method and apparatus for high efficiency reverse osmosis operation |
US6071336A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 2000-06-06 | Minerals Technologies Inc. | Acicular calcite and aragonite calcium carbonate |
US5792441A (en) | 1996-10-11 | 1998-08-11 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | Fixed-resin bed technologies for the treatment of the chlorine dioxide generator effluent and feeds stream |
NO303565B1 (no) | 1996-10-15 | 1998-08-03 | Thomas Thomassen | FremgangsmÕte og anordning for fjerning av kvikks°lv og svoveldioksyd fra r°kgasser |
US6080297A (en) | 1996-12-06 | 2000-06-27 | Electron Transfer Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for constant composition delivery of hydride gases for semiconductor processing |
US5803894A (en) | 1996-12-24 | 1998-09-08 | Cement-Lock L.L.C. | Process for preparing enviromentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils |
US5855666A (en) | 1996-12-24 | 1999-01-05 | Cement-Lock Group, L.L.C. | Process for preparing environmentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils |
US6294066B1 (en) | 1997-01-23 | 2001-09-25 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Apparatus and process for electrodialysis of salts |
GB9702742D0 (en) | 1997-02-11 | 1997-04-02 | Ici Plc | Gas absorption |
JP3448634B2 (ja) | 1997-02-12 | 2003-09-22 | 日本鉄道建設公団 | 吹付けコンクリート工の施工方法および施工装置 |
US6180012B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2001-01-30 | Paul I. Rongved | Sea water desalination using CO2 gas from combustion exhaust |
JPH10305212A (ja) | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-17 | Toshio Jingu | 燃焼ガスを分離し分離した二酸化炭素の固定方法。 |
US5766339A (en) | 1997-05-07 | 1998-06-16 | Dravo Lime Company | Process for producing cement from a flue gas desulfurization process waste product |
US5879948A (en) | 1997-05-12 | 1999-03-09 | Tennessee Valley Authority | Determination of total mercury in exhaust gases |
AU7573998A (en) | 1997-05-15 | 1998-12-08 | Edcd East, Lc | Solidification and stabilization of dredged materials |
US5897704A (en) | 1997-05-19 | 1999-04-27 | Materials Technology, Limited | Hardened hydraulic cement, ceramic or coarse concrete aggregate treated with high pressure fluids |
WO1998057892A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1998-12-23 | Applied Specialties, Inc. | Water treatment process |
CA2293601A1 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. | Electrochemical methods for recovery of ascorbic acid |
US5906722A (en) | 1997-08-18 | 1999-05-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of converting amine hydrohalide into free amine |
US5904829A (en) | 1997-08-18 | 1999-05-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of converting amine hydrohalide into free amine |
WO1999013967A1 (en) | 1997-09-15 | 1999-03-25 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S | Installation for separation of co2 from gas turbine flue gas |
EP1024880A1 (en) | 1997-09-15 | 2000-08-09 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S. | Separation of acid gases from gas mixtures |
US6264736B1 (en) | 1997-10-15 | 2001-07-24 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Pressure-assisted molding and carbonation of cementitious materials |
IL122015A (en) | 1997-10-22 | 2003-04-10 | Clue As | Scrubber for the treatment of flue gases |
US5885478A (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1999-03-23 | Fritz Industries, Inc | Concrete mix water |
US6309570B1 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2001-10-30 | American Equipment Systems | Vacuum extrusion system for production of cement-based articles |
ES2209393T3 (es) | 1998-02-20 | 2004-06-16 | L'air Liquide, S.A. A Directoire Et Conseil De Surv. Pour L'etude Et L'exploitat. Procedes G Claude | Procedimiento de sintesis de carbonato de calcio y producto obtenido. |
US6200543B1 (en) | 1998-02-25 | 2001-03-13 | Mississippi Lime Company | Apparatus and methods for reducing carbon dioxide content of an air stream |
US5994838A (en) | 1998-03-06 | 1999-11-30 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Mercury vapor discharge lamp having means for reducing mercury leaching |
NO981106D0 (no) | 1998-03-12 | 1998-03-12 | Ronny O Solsvik | Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av varmehemmende materiale, samt anvendelse derav |
DE19813485A1 (de) | 1998-03-26 | 1999-09-30 | Sep Tech Studien | Zerkleinerungs- und Zuteilungsvorrichtung für zerstückelbare, pumpbare Stoffe |
US6024848A (en) | 1998-04-15 | 2000-02-15 | International Fuel Cells, Corporation | Electrochemical cell with a porous support plate |
US6090197A (en) | 1998-05-08 | 2000-07-18 | Gage Products, Inc. | Method for recycling particulate waste material and product obtained thereby |
JP3859358B2 (ja) | 1998-05-26 | 2006-12-20 | クロリンエンジニアズ株式会社 | 電解水製造装置 |
US6174507B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2001-01-16 | Texaco Inc. | Acid gas solvent filtration system |
JP3919947B2 (ja) | 1998-07-09 | 2007-05-30 | アルフレッサファーマ株式会社 | マイクロ波手術用電極装置 |
US6334895B1 (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2002-01-01 | The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation | System for producing manufactured materials from coal combustion ash |
WO2000010691A1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2000-03-02 | United States Department Of Energy | Method and apparatus for extracting and sequestering carbon dioxide |
DE19844059A1 (de) | 1998-09-25 | 2000-03-30 | Degussa | Elektrolysezelle und deren Verwendung |
JP3248514B2 (ja) | 1998-10-29 | 2002-01-21 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 排出炭酸ガスの削減方法 |
JP2000128612A (ja) | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-09 | Jdc Corp | 重質炭酸カルシウムの水性スラリ−を含むコンクリ−ト |
JP2002529079A (ja) | 1998-11-10 | 2002-09-10 | マキシジェン, インコーポレイテッド | 改変されたリブロース1,5−ビスホスフェートカルボキシラーゼ/オキシゲナーゼ |
JP2000226402A (ja) | 1998-12-01 | 2000-08-15 | Yoshizawa Lime Industry | 炭酸カルシウム−カルボン酸−キトサン系硬化体とその製造方法 |
AU3110600A (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-26 | William J. Mcnulty Jr. | Inorganic cementitious material |
CA2255287A1 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-11 | Rupesh N. Pandey | Carbon dioxide mitigation and utilization process via chemical fixation to valuable commodities |
US6251255B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2001-06-26 | Precision Process Equipment, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electroplating tin with insoluble anodes |
US6620856B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2003-09-16 | Imerys Minerals, Limited | Production of concentrated carbonate suspensions |
US6080320A (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2000-06-27 | Von Phul; Stephen A. | Method and apparatus for removing foaming contaminants from hydrocarbon processing solvents |
US6331207B1 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 2001-12-18 | Ronald Frank Gebhardt | Method of treating cement kiln dust for recovery and recycle |
US6841512B1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2005-01-11 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Finely divided metal catalyst and method for making same |
US6210482B1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2001-04-03 | Fujikin Incorporated | Apparatus for feeding gases for use in semiconductor manufacturing |
US6475460B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2002-11-05 | Marine Desalination Systems Llc | Desalination and concomitant carbon dioxide capture yielding liquid carbon dioxide |
US6251356B1 (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2001-06-26 | G. R. International, Inc. | High speed manufacturing process for precipitated calcium carbonate employing sequential perssure carbonation |
US6375825B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2002-04-23 | Chemical Products Corporation | Process for the production of alkaline earth hydroxide |
CA2398793C (en) | 2000-01-27 | 2005-04-19 | Tececo Pty Ltd. | Reactive magnesium oxide cements |
US6984328B2 (en) | 2000-02-02 | 2006-01-10 | University Of Akron | Method for removing metals from aqueous solutions using mixed lithic materials |
DE10004878A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Sgl Technik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen Herstellen von Säure und Base hoher Reinheit |
FR2804952B1 (fr) | 2000-02-11 | 2002-07-26 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Composition de beton ultra haute performance resistant au feu |
US20030213937A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2003-11-20 | Isaac Yaniv | Precipitated aragonite and a process for producing it |
US6602630B1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2003-08-05 | The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. | Membrane electrode assemblies for electrochemical cells |
US6352576B1 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2002-03-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods of selectively separating CO2 from a multicomponent gaseous stream using CO2 hydrate promoters |
US6447437B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2002-09-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions |
US6589405B2 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2003-07-08 | Oleh Weres | Multilayer oxide coated valve metal electrode for water purification |
US6402824B1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2002-06-11 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Processes for preparing precipitated calcium carbonate compositions and the products thereof |
US6623555B1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2003-09-23 | Jukka P. Haverinen | Composite precipitated calcium carbonate/silicon compound pigment and method of making same |
NO319666B1 (no) | 2000-06-16 | 2005-09-05 | Enpro As | Fremgangsmate til fjerning av salt fra saltholdig vann, samt anvendelse derav |
DE10030093C1 (de) | 2000-06-19 | 2002-02-21 | Starck H C Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Metallhydroxiden oder basischen Metallcarbonaten |
IL137102A0 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2001-06-14 | Israel Garden | A process and apparatus for brine reformation |
US6416574B1 (en) | 2000-07-12 | 2002-07-09 | Southern Ionica Incorporated | Method and apparatus for recycling cement kiln dust |
US6495013B2 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-12-17 | The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. | Bipolar membrane electrodialysis of multivalent metal salts whose corresponding base is insoluble |
WO2002028796A2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-11 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using cellulose fibers loaded with inorganic and/or organic substances |
US20090043687A1 (en) | 2000-11-01 | 2009-02-12 | Van Soestbergen Mark | Method and System for Banking and Exchanging Emission Reduction Credits |
GB0029071D0 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2001-01-10 | Clariant Int Ltd | Coating |
WO2002044081A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Rmg Services Pty Ltd | Electrolytic commercial production of hydrogen from hydrocarbon compounds |
US6855754B2 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2005-02-15 | Basf Ag | Asphalt-based formulations and method of making and using the same for paving and coating applications |
GB0031413D0 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2001-02-07 | Aea Technology Plc | Electrochemical processing |
US20020127474A1 (en) | 2001-01-09 | 2002-09-12 | E.C.R.-Electro-Chemical Research Ltd. | Proton-selective conducting membranes |
CA2434388C (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2012-08-21 | Innovation Ventures, Llc | Activated charcoal based composition and method for reducing hangover symptoms associated with the consumption of alcohol containing beverages |
DE10104771A1 (de) | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-08 | Basf Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entionisieren von Kühlmedien für Brennstoffzellen |
CN1369576A (zh) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-09-18 | 深圳市柯雷恩环境科技有限公司 | 反式双膜三室电解槽 |
JP2002273163A (ja) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-24 | Susumu Otsuki | 燃焼排ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素の除去方法 |
US6843835B2 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2005-01-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Air cleaning apparatus and method for cleaning air |
US6500319B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-12-31 | Giner Electrochemical Systems, Llc | Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrochemical cell having an integral, electrically-conductive, compression pad |
ATE368015T1 (de) | 2001-04-13 | 2007-08-15 | Co2 Solution Inc | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von zementklinker |
EP1379469B1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2006-03-01 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Process for mineral carbonation with carbon dioxide |
US20030079877A1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2003-05-01 | Wellington Scott Lee | In situ thermal processing of a relatively impermeable formation in a reducing environment |
CN1166019C (zh) | 2001-05-25 | 2004-09-08 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 质子交换膜燃料电池纳米电催化剂的制备方法 |
US6712946B2 (en) | 2001-06-18 | 2004-03-30 | The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. | Electrodialysis of multivalent metal salts |
US6786963B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2004-09-07 | Bj Services Company | Paving compositions and methods for their use |
ITMI20011374A1 (it) | 2001-06-29 | 2002-12-29 | De Nora Elettrodi Spa | Cella di elettrolisi per il ripristino della concentrazione di ioni metallici in processi di elettrodeposizione |
US6468074B1 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2002-10-22 | Chieh-Yuan Wu | Rotary kiln for calcination of light aggregate cement |
CA2352626A1 (fr) | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-12 | Co2 Solution Inc. | Couplage d'une pile a hydrogene a un bioreacteur enzymatique de transformation et sequestration du co2 |
WO2003008071A1 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2003-01-30 | Sigurd Fongen | Method and device for absorption of co2 in seawater |
US20030017088A1 (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2003-01-23 | William Downs | Method for simultaneous removal and sequestration of CO2 in a highly energy efficient manner |
JP2003041388A (ja) | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Association For The Progress Of New Chemistry | イオン交換膜電解槽および電解方法 |
JP4831801B2 (ja) | 2001-08-09 | 2011-12-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 排ガスの水銀除去方法及び装置 |
US6607707B2 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2003-08-19 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons |
US6613141B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-09-02 | Jerry F. Key, Jr. | Recovery of cement kiln dust through precipitation of calcium sulfate using sulfuric acid solution |
CN1285530C (zh) | 2001-10-23 | 2006-11-22 | 电气化学工业株式会社 | 水泥混合材料、水泥组合物以及由其构成的水泥混凝土 |
US7427449B2 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2008-09-23 | General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc. | Integrated oxygen generation and carbon dioxide absorption method apparatus and systems |
US6932155B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2005-08-23 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation via backproducing through a heater well |
US6776972B2 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2004-08-17 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Recovery of common salt and marine chemicals from brine |
JP3914032B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-07 | 2007-05-16 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 電気透析用電極及び該電極を使用する電気透析方法 |
US6648949B1 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2003-11-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | System for small particle and CO2 removal from flue gas using an improved chimney or stack |
US20030229572A1 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2003-12-11 | Icf Consulting | Measurement and verification protocol for tradable residential emissions reductions |
US20030123930A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-03 | Jacobs Gregory F. | Matrix element magnetic pavement marker and method of making same |
AU2002359958A1 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-15 | Beijing University Of Chemical Technology | Calcium carbonate of different shapes and the preparing process thereof |
US7055325B2 (en) | 2002-01-07 | 2006-06-06 | Wolken Myron B | Process and apparatus for generating power, producing fertilizer, and sequestering, carbon dioxide using renewable biomass |
CA2476540C (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2012-08-28 | Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd. | Basic magnesium carbonate, production method and use of the same |
NO317918B1 (no) | 2002-02-15 | 2005-01-03 | Sargas As | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av ferskvann og rensing av karbondioksyd |
US6755905B2 (en) | 2002-02-15 | 2004-06-29 | Lafarge Canada Inc. | Use of high carbon coal ash |
US7108777B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2006-09-19 | Millennium Cell, Inc. | Hydrogen-assisted electrolysis processes |
BR0308607B1 (pt) | 2002-03-26 | 2013-07-16 | método de produzir um polímero de ureia-formaldeído em partículas | |
WO2003086973A1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-23 | Bertshell Pty Ltd | Process and apparatus for use in preparing an aqueous magnesium bicarbonate solution |
US7455854B2 (en) | 2002-04-18 | 2008-11-25 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method for producing a mineral fiber |
US7753973B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2010-07-13 | Galloway Terry R | Process and system for converting carbonaceous feedstocks into energy without greenhouse gas emissions |
US7482072B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2009-01-27 | Grintellectual Reserve, Llc | Optimizing reactions in fuel cells and electrochemical reactions |
US6949178B2 (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2005-09-27 | Lynntech, Inc. | Electrochemical method for preparing peroxy acids |
US20060184445A1 (en) | 2002-07-20 | 2006-08-17 | Richard Sandor | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
US7273540B2 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2007-09-25 | Shinryo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Tin-silver-copper plating solution, plating film containing the same, and method for forming the plating film |
US7214290B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2007-05-08 | Shaw Liquid Solutions Llc. | Treatment of spent caustic refinery effluents |
US7090868B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2006-08-15 | University Of Florida | Materials and methods for drug delivery and uptake |
CA2405635A1 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2004-03-27 | C02 Solution Inc. | A process and a plant for the production of useful carbonated species and for the recycling of carbon dioxide emissions from power plants |
WO2004037747A2 (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Soil amendment and hydrogen gas produced by pyrolysis of cabonaceous materials |
US20040126293A1 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-07-01 | Geerlings Jacobus Johannes Cornelis | Process for removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases |
MXPA02010615A (es) | 2002-10-25 | 2004-04-29 | Hermosillo Angel Ayala | Sistema para eliminar gases contaminantes producidos por la combustion de hidrocarburos. |
WO2004041731A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-21 | Geo-Processors Pty Limited | Process and apparatus for the treatment of saline water |
AU2003296013A1 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-23 | International Fiber Corporation | Carbonate-based anti-caking agent with reduced gas release |
JP2004174370A (ja) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-24 | Meidensha Corp | ガス処理方法とその装置及びシステム |
JP2004174371A (ja) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-24 | Meidensha Corp | ガス処理方法とそのシステム |
US7440871B2 (en) | 2002-12-09 | 2008-10-21 | Verisae, Inc. | Method and system for tracking and reporting emissions |
US6964302B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2005-11-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Zeolite-containing cement composition |
CA2414949C (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2010-04-13 | Imperial Oil Resources Limited | Integrated water treatment and flue gas desulfurization process |
CN1232465C (zh) | 2002-12-24 | 2005-12-21 | 清华大学 | 凝石二元化湿水泥及其用途 |
US7618606B2 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2009-11-17 | The Ohio State University | Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas mixtures |
US7067456B2 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2006-06-27 | The Ohio State University | Sorbent for separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas mixtures |
JP2004261658A (ja) | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-24 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 燃焼排ガス中の二酸化炭素の吸収固定化方法 |
KR101081727B1 (ko) | 2003-02-27 | 2011-11-08 | 오쿠타마 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 구형상 탄산칼슘 및 그의 제조방법 |
US7282189B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2007-10-16 | Bert Zauderer | Production of hydrogen and removal and sequestration of carbon dioxide from coal-fired furnaces and boilers |
US20040213705A1 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-10-28 | Blencoe James G. | Carbonation of metal silicates for long-term CO2 sequestration |
CA2522461C (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2011-08-09 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Ministeof Natural Resources | In-situ capture of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in a fluidized bed combustor |
US7604787B2 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2009-10-20 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Process for sequestering carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide |
US7132090B2 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2006-11-07 | General Motors Corporation | Sequestration of carbon dioxide |
US20040259231A1 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2004-12-23 | Bhattacharya Sanjoy K. | Enzyme facilitated solubilization of carbon dioxide from emission streams in novel attachable reactors/devices |
JP2005008478A (ja) | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Toshiba Corp | 排ガス中の二酸化炭素回収システムおよび二酸化炭素回収方法 |
US7135604B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2006-11-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for separating carbon dioxide from an oxygenate-to-olefin effluent stream |
US20050011770A1 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-20 | Tatenuma Katsuyoshi | Reduction method of atmospheric carbon dioxide, recovery and removal method of carbonate contained in seawater, and disposal method of the recovered carbonate |
DE10335184A1 (de) | 2003-07-30 | 2005-03-03 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Elektrochemische Zelle |
US7141093B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2006-11-28 | Graymont Qc Inc. | Hydrated lime kiln dust recirculation method for gas scrubbing |
JP2005052762A (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-03 | Meidensha Corp | ガス処理方法とそのシステム |
US6938425B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2005-09-06 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | System and method for controlling water injection in a turbine engine |
US7255842B1 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2007-08-14 | United States Of America Department Of Energy | Multi-component removal in flue gas by aqua ammonia |
AU2003264549A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 | 2005-04-11 | Taiheiyo Cement Corporation | Method and apparatus for treating drain water from step of washing fly ash with water |
CA2478516C (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2007-12-11 | Jaguar Nickel Inc. | A process for the recovery of value metals from base metal sulfide ores |
US20050103234A1 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2005-05-19 | Mcnulty William Jr. | Cementitious composition |
TWI306410B (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2009-02-21 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Method for treating exhaust gas |
FR2861494B1 (fr) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Utilisation de carbonates mixtes frittes pour le confinement de carbone radioactif. |
US7628847B2 (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2009-12-08 | Artec 1, Inc. | Device for removing particulate, various acids, and other contaminants from industrial gases |
US7198722B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 | 2007-04-03 | Mohammed Azam Hussain | Process for pre-treating and desalinating sea water |
DE60336858D1 (de) | 2003-11-14 | 2011-06-01 | Ca Minister Natural Resources | Ch hydrierung |
RU2420833C2 (ru) | 2003-11-14 | 2011-06-10 | Зи Юнивесити оф Экрон | Топливный элемент прямого электрохимического окисления (варианты) и способ выработки электроэнергии из твердофазного органического топлива (варианты) |
US7241521B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2007-07-10 | Npl Associates, Inc. | Hydrogen/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell |
US20050106110A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-19 | Sung-Tsuen Liu | Stabilized vaterite |
US7722842B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2010-05-25 | The Ohio State University | Carbon dioxide sequestration using alkaline earth metal-bearing minerals |
US20050154669A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 | 2005-07-14 | Foy Streetman | Carbon credit marketing system |
DE102004004689B4 (de) | 2004-01-29 | 2006-10-05 | Clauser, Christoph, Prof. Dr. | Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Speicherung und dauerhaften Fixierung von in Wasser gelöstem CO2 in geologischen Formationen |
WO2005072851A1 (ja) | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | 排ガス中の二酸化炭素の回収システムおよび回収方法 |
DE102004006915B4 (de) | 2004-02-12 | 2005-11-24 | Mayer, Günter, Dipl.-Ing. | Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zur Abreicherung von Kohlendioxid |
EP1723078A2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2006-11-22 | University Of New Hampshire | Method for sequestering carbon dioxide |
US7384621B2 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2008-06-10 | Texaco Inc. | Reforming with hydration of carbon dioxide fixing material |
US20050232855A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-20 | Texaco Inc. | Reactor with carbon dioxide fixing material |
WO2006009600A2 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2006-01-26 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Systems and methods for extraction of carbon dioxide from air |
WO2005108297A2 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2005-11-17 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Carbon dioxide capture and mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions |
US7699909B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2010-04-20 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Systems and methods for extraction of carbon dioxide from air |
WO2005123237A2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-29 | Eco/Technologies, Llc | Method and system for sequestering carbon emissions from a combustor/boiler |
EP1836127A1 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2007-09-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for producing cac03 or mgc03 |
US7024800B2 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2006-04-11 | Earthrenew, Inc. | Process and system for drying and heat treating materials |
CA2577685A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2006-04-06 | Global Research Technologies, Llc | Removal of carbon dioxide from air |
US20060051274A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-09 | Wright Allen B | Removal of carbon dioxide from air |
JP2006075717A (ja) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | 炭酸ガスの利用方法 |
JP4625294B2 (ja) | 2004-09-09 | 2011-02-02 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 炭酸ガスの利用方法 |
PL1809408T3 (pl) | 2004-09-13 | 2012-08-31 | Univ South Carolina | Sposób i aparatura do odsalania wody |
AR051574A1 (es) | 2004-09-22 | 2007-01-24 | Clextral | Procedimiento de preparacion de un producto en polvo |
US7727374B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2010-06-01 | Skyonic Corporation | Removing carbon dioxide from waste streams through co-generation of carbonate and/or bicarbonate minerals |
US7314847B1 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2008-01-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Regenerable sorbents for CO2 capture from moderate and high temperature gas streams |
JP2006137620A (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-06-01 | Toshiba Corp | 排ガス中の二酸化炭素の回収システムおよび回収方法 |
US7261912B2 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2007-08-28 | Arthur William Zeigler | Method of producing useful products from seawater and similar microflora containing brines |
USH2241H1 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2010-06-01 | Kevin M Colbow | Fuel cell electric power generating system |
WO2006068660A2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Diamond Innovations, Inc. | Electrochemical dissolution of conductive composites |
US7569671B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 | 2009-08-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Method and system for corn fractionation |
FR2881361B1 (fr) | 2005-01-28 | 2007-05-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de decarbonisation d'une fumee de combustion avec extraction du solvant contenu dans la fume purifiee |
US7232483B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2007-06-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Cement composition having chromium reducer |
CA2595916A1 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2006-08-10 | Global Research Technologies, Llc | Removal of carbon dioxide from air |
FI118989B (fi) | 2005-02-07 | 2008-06-13 | Wiser Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto savukaasujen puhdistamiseksi savukaasujen sisältämistä epäpuhtauksista |
US20060189837A1 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-24 | Forrester Keith E | Method for heavy metal stabilization and cementious agglomeration of flyash and scrubber residues |
US9028607B2 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2015-05-12 | Wisconsin Electric Power Company | Carbon dioxide sequestration in foamed controlled low strength materials |
US7390444B2 (en) | 2005-02-24 | 2008-06-24 | Wisconsin Electric Power Company | Carbon dioxide sequestration in foamed controlled low strength materials |
US20060194086A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-08-31 | Kuai-Teng Hsu | Inverse recycle power system |
FR2883008B1 (fr) | 2005-03-08 | 2007-04-27 | Solvay | Procede pour l'obtention conjointe de chlore et de cristaux de carbonate monohydrate |
CA3148289C (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2024-01-23 | Nox Ii, Ltd. | Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal |
US7678351B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2010-03-16 | The Ohio State University | High temperature CO2 capture using engineered eggshells: a route to carbon management |
US20080275149A1 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-06 | Nova Chemicals Inc. | Durable concrete compositions |
US7909911B2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2011-03-22 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Carbon dioxide permeable membrane |
US7597747B1 (en) | 2005-04-20 | 2009-10-06 | Carole Nagel | System and method for removing or reducing pollutants in exhaust gases |
US7371357B2 (en) | 2005-04-27 | 2008-05-13 | Clean World Strategies Corp. | Process for removal of pollutants |
EP1893546B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2019-12-25 | Imertech Sas | Use of particles of calcium carbonate in the production of construction materials |
FI118629B (fi) | 2005-06-15 | 2008-01-31 | Metso Power Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto hiilidioksidin poistamiseksi rikkidioksidipitoisista savukaasuista |
CA2613096C (en) | 2005-07-05 | 2012-08-21 | Greensols Australia Pty Ltd. | Preparation and use of cationic halides, sequestration of carbon dioxide |
US20070187247A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 | 2007-08-16 | Lackner Klaus S | Electrochemical methods and processes for carbon dioxide recovery from alkaline solvents for carbon dioxide capture from air |
EP2409753B1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2017-07-19 | Carbon Sink Inc. | Removal of carbon dioxide from air |
WO2007022595A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-01 | Agriforce Pty Ltd | Adsorbent for gases |
US8075746B2 (en) | 2005-08-25 | 2011-12-13 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Electrochemical cell for production of synthesis gas using atmospheric air and water |
CA2515822C (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2012-07-03 | Joe Ru He Zhao | Method to regulate temperature and reduce heat island effect |
US8333240B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2012-12-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Reduced carbon footprint settable compositions for use in subterranean formations |
AU2006301857A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 | 2007-04-19 | Mantra Energy Alternatives Ltd. | Continuous co-current electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide |
JP4621575B2 (ja) | 2005-10-17 | 2011-01-26 | メタウォーター株式会社 | ガス回収方法および装置 |
US20080099122A1 (en) | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | E. Khashoggi Industries Llc | Cementitious composites having wood-like properties and methods of manufacture |
FI122343B (fi) | 2005-11-18 | 2011-12-15 | Nordkalk Oy Ab | Menetelmä ja laitteisto kiintoainesuspensioiden valmistamiseksi |
CN101312784B (zh) | 2005-11-23 | 2011-06-22 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 通过矿物碳酸盐化隔离二氧化碳的方法 |
NO20055571D0 (no) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Inst Energiteknik | Fremgangsmate for a immobilisere C02 i en industriell prosess for fremstilling av magnesiumkarbonat, mikrosilika, jern, krom og platinagruppe metaller fra dunitt eller andre olivinrike bergarter |
ATE481356T1 (de) | 2005-12-20 | 2010-10-15 | Shell Int Research | Verfahren zur sequestrierung von kohlendioxid |
US8673257B2 (en) | 2006-01-03 | 2014-03-18 | University Of Wyoming | Apparatus and method to sequester contaminants |
WO2007082505A2 (de) | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-26 | Osing Dirk A | Co2 nutzung, bindung, verbrauch |
US8268269B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2012-09-18 | Clearvalue Technologies, Inc. | Manufacture of water chemistries |
US20070184394A1 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-09 | Comrie Douglas C | Production of cementitious ash products with reduced carbon emissions |
CA2577564C (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2011-07-12 | Lafarge Canada Inc. | Binder for mine tailings, alluvial sand and rock fill, or combinations thereof |
NO20060807L (no) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-20 | Omar Chaalal | Fremgangsmate til rensing av saltvann |
GB0603443D0 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2006-04-05 | Hills Colin D | Production of secondary aggregates |
ES2440946T3 (es) | 2006-03-10 | 2014-01-31 | C-Quest Technologies International Llc | Procedimiento de secuestro de dióxido de carbono |
US20080059206A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2008-03-06 | Federico Jenkins | Method of distributing the cost of preserving the environment |
WO2007106883A2 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-20 | Carbon Trap Technologies, L.P. | Processes and systems for the sequestration of carbon dioxide utilizing effluent streams |
US7736430B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2010-06-15 | William Marsh Rice University | Compositions and methods for controlling the setting behavior of cement slurries using carbonated fly ash |
US20090078162A1 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2009-03-26 | Clausi Robert N | Gypsum-based Composition |
AU2007201171A1 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-10-04 | Earth Ocean & Space Pty Ltd | Sequestering carbon dioxide |
US20070233616A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method for packaging greenhouse gas credits with a product transaction |
ZA200809457B (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2010-04-28 | Ben M Enis | Desalination method and system using compressed air energy systems |
US7541011B2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2009-06-02 | Liang Hu | Phase transitional absorption method |
US7572318B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 | 2009-08-11 | Gas Technology Institute | High-temperature membrane for CO2 and/or H2S separation |
US7670139B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2010-03-02 | Wells Products Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reduced emissions fuel combustion |
JP2009535198A (ja) | 2006-04-27 | 2009-10-01 | プレジデント アンド フェロウズ オブ ハーバード カレッジ | 二酸化炭素の捕捉および関連プロセス |
WO2007130035A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-15 | S.A. Snc-Lavalin Europe N.V. | Gas quench and scrubber draw-off system |
CN101484861B (zh) | 2006-05-05 | 2013-11-06 | 普拉斯科能源Ip控股公司毕尔巴鄂-沙夫豪森分公司 | 气体均化系统 |
US8367414B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2013-02-05 | Jasper John P | Tracing processes between precursors and products by utilizing isotopic relationships |
NO20062465L (no) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-03 | Omar Chaalal | Method and for cleaning of gases and uses thereof |
US20080035036A1 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2008-02-14 | Bassani Dominic T | Environmentally compatible integrated food and energy production system |
GB2452664B (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2012-02-01 | Rodolfo Antonio M Gomez | Electrolytic activation of water |
US8110395B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2012-02-07 | Algae Systems, LLC | Photobioreactor systems and methods for treating CO2-enriched gas and producing biomass |
US7736485B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2010-06-15 | Aqua Resources Corporation | Nanoplatelet magnesium hydroxides and methods of preparing same |
WO2008026201A2 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Yeda Research And Development Co.Ltd | Methods and apparatuses for decreasing the co2 concentration of a fluid |
EP1900688A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-19 | SOLVAY (Société Anonyme) | Method for obtaining sodium carbonate crystals |
US8287848B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2012-10-16 | Tris Pharma Inc | Formulations containing an ionic mineral-ion exchange resin complex and uses thereof |
JP5031336B2 (ja) | 2006-11-21 | 2012-09-19 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 食塩電解用酸素ガス拡散陰極 |
TR201909630T4 (tr) | 2006-11-22 | 2019-07-22 | Orica Explosives Tech Pty Ltd | Entegre kimyasal proses. |
WO2008068322A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-12 | Solvay (Société Anonyme) | Coated alkaline-earth metal carbonate particles, use of such particles in the production of construction materials and construction materials compositions containing such particles |
US8283173B2 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2012-10-09 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Process utilizing natural carbon-13 isotope for identification of early breakthrough of injection water in oil wells |
US7553463B2 (en) | 2007-01-05 | 2009-06-30 | Bert Zauderer | Technical and economic optimization of combustion, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, mercury, carbon dioxide, coal ash and slag and coal slurry use in coal fired furnaces/boilers |
JP5690486B2 (ja) | 2007-01-31 | 2015-03-25 | ノボザイムス アクティーゼルスカブ | 熱安定性炭酸脱水酵素及びその用途 |
EP2134449B1 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2012-10-10 | Richard J. Hunwick | System, apparatus and method for carbon dioxide sequestration |
GB2452169A (en) | 2007-02-25 | 2009-02-25 | Puregeneration | Carbon dioxide sequestering fuel synthesis system and use thereof |
AU2007100157A4 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2007-04-19 | Green, Kenneth Mr | Improved method of sequestering carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate |
NO332158B1 (no) | 2007-03-05 | 2012-07-09 | Aker Clean Carbon As | Fremgangsmåte for fjerning av CO2 fra en eksosgass |
US20090081096A1 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2009-03-26 | Pellegrin Roy J | Method and means for capture and long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide |
CN101280926A (zh) | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-08 | 卢冠均 | 废气净化装置及其净化方法 |
CN103227339B (zh) | 2007-04-03 | 2016-03-09 | 新空能量公司 | 产生可再生氢并截留二氧化碳的电化学系统、装置和方法 |
US20080245012A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Lafarge | Superhydrophobic gypsum boards and process for making same |
US7941975B2 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2011-05-17 | Erla Dogg Ingjaldsdottir | Affordable, sustainable buildings comprised of recyclable materials and methods thereof |
CA2682402C (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2015-07-14 | Cefco, Llc | Process and apparatus for carbon capture and elimination of multi-pollutants in flue gas from hydrocarbon fuel sources and recovery of multiple by-products |
CN101289200A (zh) | 2007-04-16 | 2008-10-22 | 中国盐业总公司 | 卤水净化工艺方法 |
GB2460000B (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2012-10-03 | Rodolfo Antonio M Gomez | Carbon dioxide sequestration and capture |
US8271363B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 | 2012-09-18 | Bennett Hill Branscomb | System and method for banking downstream resource costs |
US8398743B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2013-03-19 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for reducing carbon dioxide in combustion flue gases |
US20080277319A1 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Wyrsta Michael D | Fine particle carbon dioxide transformation and sequestration |
EP2158158A2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2010-03-03 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for sequestration of carbon dioxide by mineral carbonation |
CN101679060A (zh) | 2007-05-21 | 2010-03-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于制备活化矿物质的方法 |
US20080289495A1 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Peter Eisenberger | System and Method for Removing Carbon Dioxide From an Atmosphere and Global Thermostat Using the Same |
WO2008148055A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-04 | Calera Corporation | Hydraulic cements comprising carbonate compounds compositions |
WO2008151060A1 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-11 | New Sky Energy, Inc. | Use of photoelectrochemical water splitting to generate materials for sequestering carbon dioxide |
CA2689646A1 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | David T. Schwartzel | Aqueous treatment apparatus utilizing precursor materials and ultrasonics to generate customized oxidation-reduction-reactant chemistry environments in electrochemical cells and/or similar devices |
US7753618B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2010-07-13 | Calera Corporation | Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same |
AU2008270034B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2009-07-16 | Arelac, Inc. | Desalination methods and systems that include carbonate compound precipitation |
KR20100036317A (ko) | 2007-07-13 | 2010-04-07 | 유니버시티 오브 써던 캘리포니아 | 메탄올을 제조하기 위해 수성 매질의 이산화탄소를 일산화탄소와 수소로 전기분해하는 방법 |
GB0716360D0 (en) | 2007-08-22 | 2007-10-03 | Univ Greenwich | Production of secondary aggregates |
AU2008296875A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | Richard Alan Haase | Means for sequestration and conversion of COx and NOx, CONOx |
GB2463337B (en) | 2007-09-11 | 2012-11-21 | Sapphire Energy Inc | Methods of producing organic products with photosynthetic organisms |
CN101219330B (zh) | 2007-09-14 | 2011-05-04 | 东南大学 | 固体废弃物碳酸化固定烟道气中co2的方法及其装置 |
US7993616B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2011-08-09 | C-Quest Technologies LLC | Methods and devices for reducing hazardous air pollutants |
US20090081092A1 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-26 | Xiaolin David Yang | Pollutant Emission Control Sorbents and Methods of Manufacture and Use |
CA2700467C (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2016-01-05 | Bioteq Environmental Technologies Inc. | Selective sulphate removal by exclusive anion exchange from hard water waste streams |
US7655202B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2010-02-02 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Coal fired flue gas treatment and process |
WO2009052313A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Fluegen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream |
US7673415B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2010-03-09 | Youbao Wan | Apparatus and method for regulation of carbon dioxide content in atmosphere |
EP2212009A1 (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2010-08-04 | Global Research Technologies, LLC | Removal of carbon dioxide from air |
BR122018070109B1 (pt) | 2007-11-15 | 2019-06-04 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Método para fazer uma cerâmica utizando um gás de efeito estufa |
JP3139159U (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2008-01-31 | ファースト・オーシャン株式会社 | 水電気分解用電解槽 |
CA2705454A1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-04 | Westec Environmental Solutions, Llc | Method and means for capture and long-term sequestration of carbon dioxide |
US20090148238A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-11 | Smith Troy A | Method for reclaiming hydraulically dredged material |
AU2007101174A4 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2008-01-31 | Green, Kenneth Mr | Improved method of capturing carbon dioxide and converting to carbonate anions and then combining with calcium cations to form calcium carbonate |
US20100313794A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-12-16 | Constantz Brent R | Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal silicates |
US20100239467A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2010-09-23 | Brent Constantz | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
US7749476B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-07-06 | Calera Corporation | Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal silicates |
WO2009086460A1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | Calera Corporation | Methods of sequestering co2 |
US7754169B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2010-07-13 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
FR2926027A1 (fr) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-07-10 | Solvay | Procede de production de bicarbonate de sodium, pour desulfuration de fumees. |
WO2009102817A2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-20 | Auxsol, Inc. | Methods for removing dissolved metallic ions from aqueous solutions |
WO2009102816A2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-20 | Auxsol, Inc. | Removing carbon dioxide from gaseous emissions |
US7919064B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2011-04-05 | Michigan Technological University | Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide in flue gases |
CA3047633C (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2023-08-01 | Carbon Sink Inc. | Extraction and sequestration of carbon dioxide |
CN101250711B (zh) | 2008-03-27 | 2010-11-10 | 昆明理工大学 | 二氧化碳在离子液体中的电化学还原方法和装置 |
US7875674B2 (en) | 2008-05-01 | 2011-01-25 | Wacker Chemical Corporation | Building materials incorporated with hydrophobic silicone resin(s) |
JP5561706B2 (ja) | 2008-05-23 | 2014-07-30 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 二酸化炭素の貯留・隔離方法 |
MX2010012947A (es) | 2008-05-29 | 2011-04-27 | Calera Corp | Rocas y agregados y metodos para obtener y usar los mismos. |
US20100144521A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2010-06-10 | Brent Constantz | Rocks and Aggregate, and Methods of Making and Using the Same |
WO2009155378A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2009-12-23 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
JP2011527664A (ja) | 2008-07-10 | 2011-11-04 | カレラ コーポレイション | 含金属シリケート材料からの炭酸塩含有組成物の製造 |
JP5373079B2 (ja) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-12-18 | カレラ コーポレイション | 電気化学システム中でのco2の利用 |
EP2212033A4 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-04-24 | Calera Corp | FOUR-CELL ELECTROCHEMICAL LOW-ENERGY SYSTEM WITH CARBON DIOXIDE GAS |
US7993500B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Gas diffusion anode and CO2 cathode electrolyte system |
US7674443B1 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2010-03-09 | Irvin Davis | Zero emission gasification, power generation, carbon oxides management and metallurgical reduction processes, apparatus, systems, and integration thereof |
CA2700644A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Calera Corporation | Co2 commodity trading system and method |
US7815880B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-10-19 | Calera Corporation | Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions |
AU2009290159B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-08-12 | Arelac, Inc. | Compositions and methods using substances containing carbon |
US7771684B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-08-10 | Calera Corporation | CO2-sequestering formed building materials |
US7939336B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2011-05-10 | Calera Corporation | Compositions and methods using substances containing carbon |
US8869477B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-10-28 | Calera Corporation | Formed building materials |
US20120111236A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-05-10 | Constantz Brent R | Reduced-carbon footprint compositions and methods |
WO2010048457A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Calera Corporation | Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions |
AU2009287463B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2010-09-02 | Arelac, Inc. | Non-cementitious compositions comprising CO2 sequestering additives |
AU2008101140A4 (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2009-01-29 | Green, Kenneth Mr | Improved method of capturing carbon dioxide and converting to bicarbonate anions and then sequestering as sodium bicarbonate in aqueous solution |
EP2229341A4 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2011-06-15 | Calera Corp | CO2 TREATMENT USING A RECYCLING SOLUTION |
EP2384520A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2011-11-09 | Calera Corporation | Low-energy electrochemical proton transfer system and method |
US7790012B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-09-07 | Calera Corporation | Low energy electrochemical hydroxide system and method |
US20110091366A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2011-04-21 | Treavor Kendall | Neutralization of acid and production of carbonate-containing compositions |
US20100258035A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2010-10-14 | Brent Constantz | Compositions and methods using substances containing carbon |
US20110042230A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2011-02-24 | Gilliam Ryan J | Low-energy electrochemical bicarbonate ion solution |
US20100196104A1 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-05 | Constantz Brent R | Co2 sequestering soil stabilization composition |
AU2010201005A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-26 | Calera Corporation | Low-voltage alkaline production using hydrogen and electrocatlytic electrodes |
WO2010093713A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-19 | Calera Corporation | Low-voltage alkaline production from brines |
JP5294914B2 (ja) | 2009-02-16 | 2013-09-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | レンズ鏡筒及び撮像装置 |
US8883104B2 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2014-11-11 | Calera Corporation | Gas stream multi-pollutants control systems and methods |
US20100224503A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | Kirk Donald W | Low-energy electrochemical hydroxide system and method |
US20110247336A9 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2011-10-13 | Kasra Farsad | Systems and Methods for Processing CO2 |
US9534303B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2017-01-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | High pressure electrolysis cell for hydrogen production from water |
EP2253600A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-24 | Aalborg Portland A/S | Portland limestone calcined clay cement |
WO2010132863A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-18 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods for processing co2 |
EP2435380B1 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2019-09-18 | Marshalls Mono Limited | Concrete compositions |
US7976628B2 (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2011-07-12 | Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Llc | Carbon dioxide capture from a cement manufacturing process |
US20110147227A1 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-06-23 | Gilliam Ryan J | Acid separation by acid retardation on an ion exchange resin in an electrochemical system |
CN102239590A (zh) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-11-09 | 卡勒拉公司 | 使用co2电化学生产碱性溶液 |
US7993511B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical production of an alkaline solution using CO2 |
US20110079515A1 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-04-07 | Gilliam Ryan J | Alkaline production using a gas diffusion anode with a hydrostatic pressure |
US20110030957A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Brent Constantz | Carbon capture and storage |
US20110071309A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 | 2011-03-24 | Constantz Brent R | Methods and Systems for Utilization of HCI |
WO2011049996A1 (en) | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-28 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems for treating industrial waste gases |
KR20120112570A (ko) | 2009-12-18 | 2012-10-11 | 스카이오닉 코퍼레이션 | 2족 탄산염 및 이산화규소의 형성을 통한 이산화탄소 격리 방법 |
AU2010337357B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2013-11-28 | Arelac, Inc. | Methods and compositions using calcium carbonate |
US20110277474A1 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2011-11-17 | Constantz Brent R | Methods and systems using natural gas power plant |
WO2011097468A2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Calera Corporation | Acid separation by acid retardation on an ion exchange resin in an electrochemical system |
WO2011102868A1 (en) | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-25 | Calera Corporation | Neutralization of acid and production of carbonate-containing compositions |
US20110277670A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Kyle Self | Systems and methods for processing co2 |
CN102335553A (zh) | 2010-07-21 | 2012-02-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种钠基烟气脱硫液的再生方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-07-15 JP JP2011518896A patent/JP5373079B2/ja active Active
- 2009-07-15 WO PCT/US2009/050756 patent/WO2010009273A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-07-15 AU AU2009270879A patent/AU2009270879B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 CA CA2700768A patent/CA2700768C/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 KR KR1020117003467A patent/KR20110038691A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-07-15 US US12/503,557 patent/US8357270B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 CN CN2009801015529A patent/CN101910469A/zh active Pending
- 2009-07-15 EP EP09798723.4A patent/EP2245214B1/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-07-03 US US13/540,992 patent/US8894830B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-09-18 JP JP2013192595A patent/JP5647314B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-11-06 US US14/534,559 patent/US20150083607A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103987442A (zh) * | 2011-12-15 | 2014-08-13 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 二氧化碳透过装置和输送二氧化碳的方法 |
CN103173782A (zh) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-06-26 | 四川大学 | 利用氯化镁矿化co2制取碱式碳酸镁联产盐酸的方法 |
CN106457138B (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2019-07-12 | 韩国能源技术研究院 | 使用自生能量装置的二氧化碳俘获装置和方法 |
CN106457138A (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-02-22 | 韩国能源技术研究院 | 使用自生能量装置的二氧化碳俘获装置和方法 |
CN106163642A (zh) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-11-23 | 不列颠哥伦比亚大学 | 气体转化和溶液处理 |
CN107429410B (zh) * | 2015-02-27 | 2020-06-09 | 国立研究开发法人科学技术振兴机构 | 二氧化碳的电化学还原 |
CN107429410A (zh) * | 2015-02-27 | 2017-12-01 | 国立研究开发法人科学技术振兴机构 | 二氧化碳的电化学还原 |
US11878279B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2024-01-23 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide |
CN105063654A (zh) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北星火化工有限公司 | 利用甲基磺酸钠制备甲基磺酸和氢氧化钠的方法 |
CN109219674B (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2021-04-23 | 西门子股份公司 | 用于电化学地利用二氧化碳的装置和方法 |
CN109219674A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-01-15 | 西门子股份公司 | 用于电化学地利用二氧化碳的装置和方法 |
US11193213B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2021-12-07 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Device and method for the electrochemical utilisation of carbon dioxide |
CN109790632A (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-05-21 | 西门子股份公司 | 用于电化学利用二氧化碳的方法和设备 |
CN109704442A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种用于海水酸化装置的电极板结构 |
CN112119536A (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-12-22 | 蔚山科学技术院 | 二氧化碳利用系统以及包括其的复合发电系统 |
CN113795611A (zh) * | 2019-05-05 | 2021-12-14 | 多伦多大学管理委员会 | 在电解池中碳酸盐转化为合成气或c2+产物 |
CN113200615A (zh) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-08-03 | 中科合成油内蒙古有限公司 | 一种电化学降低废水硬度的方法及系统 |
CN114517301A (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-20 | 青岛中石大环境与安全技术中心有限公司 | 一种电解海水制氢联合二氧化碳捕集的方法及装置 |
CN114515494A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-20 | 浙江大学 | 具有精准离子控制的直接空气捕集二氧化碳节能系统和方法 |
CN114515494B (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-11-25 | 浙江大学 | 具有精准离子控制的直接空气捕集二氧化碳节能系统和方法 |
WO2023138272A1 (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | 浙江大学 | 具有精准离子控制的直接空气捕集二氧化碳节能系统和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2009270879A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EP2245214A4 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
AU2009270879B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
CA2700768A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US8894830B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
KR20110038691A (ko) | 2011-04-14 |
JP5647314B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2245214B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2245214A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
JP5373079B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
US20100230293A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
US20120312697A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
WO2010009273A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
JP2014012899A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
CA2700768C (en) | 2014-09-09 |
US20150083607A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
JP2011528407A (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
US8357270B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101910469A (zh) | 电化学系统中的co2利用 | |
CN101984749B (zh) | 使用二氧化碳气体的低能量4-电池电化学系统 | |
CN101918614A (zh) | 用氢和电催化电极低电压生产碱 | |
CN101918107A (zh) | 由盐水低电压生产碱 | |
CN102239590A (zh) | 使用co2电化学生产碱性溶液 | |
US7993500B2 (en) | Gas diffusion anode and CO2 cathode electrolyte system | |
WO2011066293A1 (en) | Alkaline production using a gas diffusion anode with a hydrostatic pressure | |
US20100224503A1 (en) | Low-energy electrochemical hydroxide system and method | |
US20110303551A1 (en) | Electrochemical production of an alkaline solution using co2 | |
US20110147227A1 (en) | Acid separation by acid retardation on an ion exchange resin in an electrochemical system | |
CN101868883A (zh) | 低能电化学质子转移系统和方法 | |
WO2011097468A2 (en) | Acid separation by acid retardation on an ion exchange resin in an electrochemical system | |
CA2694978C (en) | Low-voltage alkaline production from brines |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20101208 |