JP5373079B2 - 電気化学システム中でのco2の利用 - Google Patents
電気化学システム中でのco2の利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5373079B2 JP5373079B2 JP2011518896A JP2011518896A JP5373079B2 JP 5373079 B2 JP5373079 B2 JP 5373079B2 JP 2011518896 A JP2011518896 A JP 2011518896A JP 2011518896 A JP2011518896 A JP 2011518896A JP 5373079 B2 JP5373079 B2 JP 5373079B2
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- electrolyte
- cathode
- anode
- ions
- cathode electrolyte
- Prior art date
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 575
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- -1 cation bicarbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 128
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 102
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011160 magnesium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/463—Apparatus therefor comprising the membrane sequence AC or CA, where C is a cation exchange membrane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D1/04—Hydroxides
- C01D1/28—Purification; Separation
- C01D1/40—Purification; Separation by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/07—Preparation from the hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/24—Magnesium carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Description
本出願は、2008年7月16日に出願され、「水素吸収金属触媒を使用した炭素隔離のための低エネルギーpH調節」(Low Energy pH Modulation for Carbon Sequestration Using Hydrogen Absorptive Metal Catalysts)と題され、代理人整理番号がCLRA−010PRVである、本願と同一の譲受人に譲渡された同時係属中の米国仮特許出願第61/081,299号明細書の優先権を主張し、その記載内容全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。
例えば、本発明は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
電気化学システムであって:
隔壁によって第1のカソード電解質室と第2のカソード電解質室とに分割されたカソード室を含み、
上記第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質はカソードに接触し;
アノード室中のアノード電解質はアノードに接触する、電気化学システム。
(項目2)
上記第1のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質が上記第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質に接触する、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目3)
上記第1のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質がガスを含む、項目2に記載のシステム。
(項目4)
上記ガスが二酸化炭素を含む、項目3に記載のシステム。
(項目5)
上記ガスが上記カソード電解質中に吸収される、項目4に記載のシステム。
(項目6)
上記二酸化炭素ガスが上記第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質から隔離される、項目4に記載のシステム。
(項目7)
上記第1のカソード電解質室中の上記カソード電解質が、水酸化物イオン、炭酸、炭酸イオン、および/または重炭酸イオンを含む、項目5に記載のシステム。
(項目8)
上記第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質が溶解した二酸化炭素を含む、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目9)
上記第2のカソードエレクトロライト室中のカソード電解質が、水酸化物イオン、炭酸、炭酸イオンおよび/または重炭酸イオンを含む、項目7に記載のシステム。
(項目10)
上記アノードとカソードとの間に2V未満を印加して、水酸化物イオンが上記第2のカソード電解質室中に生成されるように構成される、項目4に記載のシステム。
(項目11)
水素ガスが上記カソードにおいて生成されるように構成された、項目10に記載のシステム。
(項目12)
上記アノードにおいてガスが生成されない、項目11に記載のシステム。
(項目13)
水酸化物イオンが上記第2のカソード電解質室から上記第1のカソード電解質室まで移動するように構成された項目12に記載のシステム。
(項目14)
上記カソードにおいて生成した水素ガスを上記アノードに誘導するように構成された水素ガス送出システムをさらに含む、項目12に記載のシステム。
(項目15)
上記第1のカソード電解質室が工業排ガスシステムに操作可能に接続される、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目16)
上記工業排ガスシステムが二酸化炭素を含む、項目15に記載のシステム。
(項目17)
上記二酸化炭素が化石燃料の燃焼によって得られる、項目16に記載のシステム。
(項目18)
上記カソード室が排ガス処理システムに操作可能に接続される、項目13に記載のシステム。
(項目19)
上記排ガスシステムが二酸化炭素を含む、項目18に記載のシステム。
(項目20)
上記カソード室が、水酸化物、カーボネートおよび/またはバイカーボネート沈殿システムに操作可能に接続される、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目21)
上記沈殿システムが、上記カソード電解質を使用して水酸化物、カーボネート、および/または二価陽イオン重炭酸塩を生成するように構成された、項目20に記載のシステム。
(項目22)
上記アノードおよびカソードがオフピーク電力供給システムに操作可能に接続される、項目4に記載のシステム。
(項目23)
上記アノード室と上記カソード室との間にイオン交換膜をさらに含む、項目4に記載のシステム。
(項目24)
上記イオン交換膜が、上記第2のカソード電解質室中の上記カソード電解質を第3の電解質から分離する陽イオン交換膜を含む、項目23に記載のシステム。
(項目25)
上記イオン交換膜が、上記アノード電解質を第3の電解質から分離する陰イオン交換膜を含む、項目23に記載のシステム。
(項目26)
上記第3の電解質がナトリウムイオンおよび塩化物イオンを含む、項目25に記載のシステム。
(項目27)
ナトリウムイオンが上記第3の電解質からカソード電解質まで陽イオン交換膜を介して移動し、塩化物イオンが上記第3の電解質から上記アノード電解質まで上記陰イオン交換膜を介して移動するように構成された、項目26に記載のシステム。
(項目28)
水酸化ナトリウムが上記カソード電解質中に生成されるように構成された、項目26に記載のシステム。
(項目29)
水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または重炭酸ナトリウムが上記カソード電解質中に生成されるように構成された、項目26に記載のシステム。
(項目30)
部分的に脱塩された水が上記第3の電解質中に生成されるように構成された、項目26に記載のシステム。
(項目31)
上記部分的に脱塩された水が、水処理システムに操作可能に接続される、項目29に記載のシステム。
(項目32)
塩酸が上記アノード電解質中に生成されるように構成された、項目26に記載のシステム。
(項目33)
上記カソード電解質が、二酸化炭素を上記カソード電解質中に溶解させるように構成された第1の二酸化炭素ガス/液体接触器に操作可能に接続される、項目26に記載のシステム。
(項目34)
0〜14の間またはそれを超えるpH単位のpH差が上記アノード電解質とカソード電解質との間に発生するように構成された、項目10に記載のシステム。
(項目35)
電気化学的方法であって:
第1のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質中にガスを誘導するステップと;
上記第1のカソード電解質室から分割された第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質に接触するカソードと、アノード電解質に接触するアノードとの間に電圧を印加するステップとを含む、方法。
(項目36)
上記ガスが二酸化炭素を含む、項目35に記載の方法。
(項目37)
水酸化物イオン、炭酸、炭酸イオン、および/または重炭酸イオンを上記第1のカソード電解質室中に生成するステップを含む、項目36に記載の方法。
(項目38)
炭酸イオンおよび/または重炭酸イオンを上記第2のカソード電解質室中に生成するステップを含む、項目36に記載の方法。
(項目39)
水素ガスを上記カソードにおいて生成するステップを含む、項目37に記載の方法。
(項目40)
水素イオンを上記アノードにおいて生成するステップを含む、項目39に記載の方法。
(項目41)
上記アノードにおいてガスを生成しない、項目40に記載の方法。
(項目42)
上記カソードにおいて生成した水素ガスを上記アノードに誘導するステップをさらに含む、項目41に記載の方法。
(項目43)
上記電圧が2V未満である、項目35に記載の方法。
(項目44)
陽イオン交換膜によって上記カソード電解質を第3の電解質から分離するステップをさらに含む、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目45)
陰イオン交換膜によって上記アノード電解質を第3の電解質から分離するステップをさらに含む、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目46)
上記第3の電解質がナトリウムイオンおよび塩化物イオンを含む、項目45に記載の方法。
(項目47)
ナトリウムイオンを、上記第3の電解質から上記カソード電解質に陽イオン交換膜を通過して移動させ、塩化物イオンを、上記第3の電解質から上記アノード電解質に上記陰イオン交換膜を通過して移動させるステップをさらに含む、項目45に記載の方法。
(項目48)
上記カソード電解質が炭酸ナトリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、または水酸化ナトリウムを含み、上記アノード電解質が塩酸を含む、項目47に記載の方法。
(項目49)
酸を上記アノード電解質中に生成するステップを含む、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目50)
苦鉄質鉱物またはセルロース材料を溶解させるために上記酸を使用するステップを含む、項目49に記載の方法。
(項目51)
部分的に脱塩された水を上記第3の電解質中に生成するステップを含む、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目52)
上記カソード電解質を二価陽イオン溶液と接触させて、二価陽イオンの水酸化物、炭酸塩、および/または重炭酸塩化合物を生成するステップをさらに含む、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目53)
上記二価の炭酸塩および/または重炭酸塩化合物がカルシウムおよびマグネシウムを含む、項目52に記載の方法。
(項目54)
上記カソード電解質第1の部分を抜き取るステップと;
カソード電解質上記第1の部分中に二酸化炭素を溶解させて第1の濃縮炭酸含有カソード電解質を生成するステップと;
カソード電解質に上記第1の濃縮炭酸含有カソード電解質を補充するステップとをさらに含む、項目52に記載の方法。
(項目55)
上記カソード電解質の第2の部分を抜き取るステップと;
カソード電解質の上記第2の部分中に二酸化炭素を溶解させて第2の濃縮炭酸含有カソード電解質を生成するステップと;
上記第2の濃縮炭酸含有カソード電解質を二価陽イオン溶液と接触させて二価陽イオン炭酸塩を生成するステップとをさらに含む、項目54に記載の方法。
(項目56)
上記カソードとアノードとの間にオフピーク電源を使用して、上記アノードとカソードとの間に電圧を供給するステップをさらに含む、項目35に記載の方法。
CO2+H2O←→H2CO3←→H++HCO3 −←→H++CO3 2−
第1のカソード電解質室104中のカソード電解質が、第2のカソード電解質室106中のカソード電解質と混合したり、その逆のことが起こったりするため、二酸化炭素がカソード電解質中に吸収されることによって第1のカソード電解質室104中に形成された炭酸、重炭酸イオン、および炭酸イオンは、第2のカソード電解質室106中のカソード電解質まで移動して平衡に達することができる。したがって、種々の実施形態において、第1のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質は、溶解した二酸化炭素ガスおよび溶解していない二酸化炭素ガス、および/または炭酸、および/または重炭酸イオンおよび/または炭酸イオンを含むことができ;一方、第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質は、溶解した二酸化炭素、および/または炭酸、および/または重炭酸イオンおよび/または炭酸イオンを含むことができる。
2H2O+2e−=H2+2OH−(水はカソードにおいて電気分解する)。
第1のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質は第2のカソードエレクトロライト室中のカソード電解質と混ざり合うことができるので、第2のカソードエレクトロライト室中で形成された水酸化物イオンは、第2のカソード電解質室106中の炭酸イオンおよび重炭酸イオンに移動して平衡に達することができる。したがって、種々の実施形態において、第1のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質は、水酸化物イオン、ならびに溶解したおよび溶解していない二酸化炭素ガス、および/または炭酸、および/または重炭酸イオン、および/または炭酸イオンを含むことができ;一方、第2のカソード電解質室中のカソード電解質は、水酸化物イオン、ならびに溶解した二酸化炭素、および/または炭酸、および/または重炭酸イオン、および/または炭酸イオンを含むことができる。
H2O+CO2=H2CO3=H++HCO3 −=2H++CO3 2−
二酸化炭素の溶解性、およびカソード電解質中の重炭酸イオンおよび炭酸イオンの濃度は電解質のpHに依存するので、第1のカソード電解質室102中の全体の反応(すなわち、第1のカソードエレクトロライト室104および第2のカソード電解質室106)はカソード電解質のpHに依存して:
シナリオ1:2H2O+2CO2+2e−=H2+2HCO3 −;または
シナリオ2:H2O+CO2+2e−=H2+CO3 2−
またはこれら2つの組み合わせのいずれかである。これは以下のカーボネートのスペシエーション図に示される:
Ecell=−ΔG/nF
による反応のギブスエネルギー変化によって求めることができる。または、標準温度および圧力条件において:
E°cell=−ΔG°/nF
であり、式中、Ecellはセル電圧であり、ΔGは反応のギブスエネルギーであり、nは移動した電子の数であり、Fはファラデー定数(96485J/Vmol)である。これらの反応のそれぞれのEcellは、以下のようにシナリオ1の場合に示されるようにネルンストの式に基づいてpHに依存する:
E=Eo−RTln(Q)/nF
(式中、Eoは標準還元電位であり、Rは一般ガス定数であり(8.314J/molK)、Tは絶対温度であり、nは半電池反応に関与する電子数であり、Fはファラデー定数(96485J/Vmol)であり、Qは反応商である)、そのため:
Etotal=Ecathode+Eanode
となる。以下のように:
H2=2H++2e−
アノードにおいて水素が酸化されてプロトンとなる場合、Eoは0.00Vであり、nは2であり、QはH+の活性の2乗であるので:
Eanode=−0.059pHa
となり、式中、pHaはアノード電解質のpHである。
以下のように:
2H2O+2e−=H2+2OH−
カソードにおいて水が還元されて水酸化物イオンおよび水素ガスになる場合、Eoは−0.83Vであり、nは2であり、QはOH−の活性の2乗であるので:
Ecathode=−0.059pHc
となり、式中、pHcはカソード電解質のpHである。
Etotal=−0.059(pHa−pHc)=−0.059ΔpH
である。
H2=2H++2e− (アノード、酸化反応)
2H2O+2e−=H2+2OH− (カソード、還元反応)
Claims (28)
- 電気化学システムであって、
前記電気化学システムは、
カソードと接触しているカソード電解質を含むカソード室と、
アノードと接触しているアノード室中のアノード電解質と、
前記カソードから前記アノードへ水素ガスを誘導するように構成されている水素ガス送出システムと、
前記アノードおよび前記カソードの間に0.8V未満のネルンストセル電圧と
を含み、
前記カソードは水素ガスを生成し、前記カソード室はシステムに操作可能に接続され、前記システムは、化石燃料またはセメントプラントを燃焼することから導出される二酸化炭素を前記カソード室に送出する工業排ガスシステム、前記工業排ガスシステムに操作可能に接続されたガス/液体接触器であって、前記ガス/液体接触器は、前記カソード室を前記工業排ガスシステムからの二酸化炭素と接触させる、ガス/液体接触器、または、これらの組み合わせから選択され、
前記カソード電解質は重炭酸イオンを含み、前記アノード電解質および前記カソード電解質は、6〜12のpHの差を有する、電気化学システム。 - 前記システムは、前記アノードにおいてガスを生成しない、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記カソード室が、水酸化物、カーボネートおよび/またはバイカーボネート沈殿システムに操作可能に接続される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記沈殿システムが、前記カソード電解質を使用して水酸化物、カーボネート、および/または二価陽イオン重炭酸塩を生成するように構成されている、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記アノードおよびカソードがオフピーク電力供給システムに操作可能に接続される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記アノード室と前記カソード室との間にイオン交換膜をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記イオン交換膜が、前記カソード電解質を第3の電解質から分離する陽イオン交換膜を含む、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記イオン交換膜が、前記アノード電解質を第3の電解質から分離する陰イオン交換膜を含む、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記第3の電解質がナトリウムイオンおよび塩化物イオンを含む、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、ナトリウムイオンを前記第3の電解質からカソード電解質まで陽イオン交換膜を介して移動させることと、塩化物イオンを前記第3の電解質から前記アノード電解質まで前記陰イオン交換膜を介して移動させることとを行うように構成されている、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、水酸化ナトリウムを前記カソード電解質中に生成するように構成されている、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または重炭酸ナトリウムを前記カソード電解質中に生成するように構成されている、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、部分的に脱塩された水を前記第3の電解質中に生成するように構成されている、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記部分的に脱塩された水が、水処理システムに操作可能に接続される、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは、塩酸を前記アノード電解質中に生成するように構成されている、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 電気化学的方法であって、
前記電気化学的方法は、
アノード室においてアノード電解質をアノードに接触させることであって、前記アノードは、水素ガスを酸化して水素イオンを生成する、ことと、
カソード室においてカソード電解質をカソードに接触させることであって、前記カソードは、水酸化物イオンおよび水素ガスを生成する、ことと、
前記カソードにおいて生成された水素ガスを前記アノードに誘導することと、
二酸化炭素を含む工業排ガスを前記カソード室中の前記カソード電解質内に誘導すること、または、二酸化炭素を工業排ガスに接触しているガス/液体接触器から前記カソード電解質内に誘導することと、
前記カソード電解質中で、重炭酸イオンを炭酸イオンに変換すること、および、前記アノード電解質と前記カソード電解質との間で6〜12のpHの差を生成することと、
前記カソードおよび前記アノードの間に0.8V未満のネルンストセル電圧を印加することと
を含む、方法。 - ガスが、前記アノードにおいて生成されない、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 陽イオン交換膜によって前記カソード電解質を第3の電解質から分離することをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 陰イオン交換膜によって前記アノード電解質を前記第3の電解質から分離することをさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第3の電解質がナトリウムイオンおよび塩化物イオンを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- ナトリウムイオンを、前記第3の電解質から前記カソード電解質に前記陽イオン交換膜を通過して移動させることと、塩化物イオンを、前記第3の電解質から前記アノード電解質に前記陰イオン交換膜を通過して移動させることとをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記カソード電解質が炭酸ナトリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、または水酸化ナトリウムを含み、前記アノード電解質が塩酸を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記アノード電解質中に酸を生成することを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 苦鉄質鉱物またはセルロース材料を溶解するために前記酸を使用することを含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 部分的に脱塩された水を前記第3の電解質中に生成することを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記カソード電解質を二価陽イオン溶液と接触させて、二価陽イオンの水酸化物、炭酸塩、および/または重炭酸塩化合物を生成することをさらに含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記二価の炭酸塩および/または重炭酸塩化合物がカルシウムおよびマグネシウムを含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記カソードとアノードとの間にオフピーク電力供給を適用して、前記アノードとカソードとの間に電圧を提供することを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
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US20100230293A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
AU2009270879A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
JP2011528407A (ja) | 2011-11-17 |
US20120312697A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
EP2245214B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
US20150083607A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
KR20110038691A (ko) | 2011-04-14 |
CN101910469A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
EP2245214A4 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
WO2010009273A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US8357270B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 |
EP2245214A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
CA2700768C (en) | 2014-09-09 |
JP2014012899A (ja) | 2014-01-23 |
US8894830B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
AU2009270879B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
CA2700768A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
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