US20200385622A1 - Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine - Google Patents

Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine Download PDF

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US20200385622A1
US20200385622A1 US16/955,669 US201816955669A US2020385622A1 US 20200385622 A1 US20200385622 A1 US 20200385622A1 US 201816955669 A US201816955669 A US 201816955669A US 2020385622 A1 US2020385622 A1 US 2020385622A1
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Mitsushi Itano
Daisuke Karube
Yuuki YOTSUMOTO
Kazuhiro Takahashi
Shun OHKUBO
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a composition comprising a refrigerant, use of the composition, a refrigerating machine having the composition, and a method for operating the refrigerating machine.
  • R410A is currently used as an air conditioning refrigerant for home air conditioners etc.
  • R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH 2 F 2 : HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C 2 HF 5 : HFC-125 or R125), and is a pseudo-azeotropic composition.
  • the present inventors performed independent examination, and conceived of the idea that no prior art had developed refrigerant compositions having three types of performance, i.e., a refrigerating capacity (also referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) and a coefficient of performance (COP) that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
  • a refrigerating capacity also referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”
  • COP coefficient of performance
  • a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
  • HFO-1132(E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
  • HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
  • R1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
  • composition according to Item 1 wherein
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.727, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271)
  • the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
  • composition according to Item 1 wherein
  • point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
  • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 -0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.727, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
  • the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
  • composition according to Item 1 wherein
  • point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.2, 15.2), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
  • the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x 2 ⁇ 29.955x+931.91, ⁇ 0.2421x 2 +28.955x+ ⁇ 831.91),
  • the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 -0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.727, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
  • the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
  • composition according to Item 1 The composition according to Item 1,
  • point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
  • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43)
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.3546x 2 ⁇ 9.4655x+129.693, ⁇ 0.3546x 2 +8.4655x ⁇ 29.693),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.016x 2 +0.182x+67.1, ⁇ 0.016x 2 ⁇ 1.182x+32.9), and
  • the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
  • composition according to Item 1 The composition according to Item 1,
  • point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
  • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0031x 2 ⁇ 1.36x+68.6, ⁇ 0.0031x 2 +0.36x+31.4),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0034x 2 ⁇ 1.3714x+68.644, ⁇ 0.0034x 2 +0.3714x+31.356),
  • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2),
  • composition according to Item 1 The composition according to Item 1,
  • point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments;
  • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x+12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
  • composition according to Item 1 The composition according to Item 1,
  • point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1)
  • point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5)
  • point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4)
  • point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3)
  • point F (0.0, 80.4, 19.6)
  • point T 35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments
  • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0031x 2 ⁇ 1.36x+68.6, ⁇ 0.0031x 2 +0.36x+31.4),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0034x 2 ⁇ 1.3714x+68.644, ⁇ 0.0034x 2 +0.3714x+31.356),
  • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0048x 2 ⁇ 1.8675x+63.052, ⁇ 0.0048x 2 +0.8675x+36.948),
  • the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0017x 2 ⁇ 0.7869x+70.888, ⁇ 0.0017x 2 ⁇ 0.2131x+29.112), and
  • the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
  • a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123,
  • point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point 0 (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Od, dg, and gh (excluding the points 0 and h);
  • the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
  • the line segment gh is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z), and
  • the line segments HO and OD are straight lines.
  • composition according to Item 1 wherein
  • point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
  • the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
  • the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
  • composition according to any one of Items 1 to 10, for use as a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, wherein the composition further comprises a refrigeration oil.
  • composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.
  • composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11 as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.
  • a refrigerating machine comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11 as a working fluid.
  • a method for operating a refrigerating machine comprising the step of circulating the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 11 as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has three types of performance, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus used in a flammability test.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
  • the present inventors conducted intensive study to solve the above problem, and consequently found that a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf) has the above properties.
  • HFO-1132(E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
  • HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
  • R1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
  • the present disclosure has been completed as a result of further research based on this finding.
  • the present disclosure includes the following embodiments.
  • refrigerant includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given.
  • Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure cf the compounds.
  • Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).
  • Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
  • composition comprising a refrigerant at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil.
  • the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
  • the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”
  • the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment.
  • this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant.
  • Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
  • alterative also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
  • refrigerating machine refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature.
  • refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
  • a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
  • a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”
  • a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more.
  • RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors.
  • RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present.
  • RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard.
  • RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.
  • ATEL acute toxicity exposure limit
  • ODL oxygen deprivation limit
  • FCL flammable concentration limit
  • temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements.
  • This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
  • point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point 0 (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);
  • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3,
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.727, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
  • the line segments BD, CO, and CA are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
  • the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
  • point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);
  • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3),
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 -0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.727, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
  • the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
  • the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  • point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point N (68.6, 16.2, 15.2), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
  • the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x 2 ⁇ 29.955x+931.91, ⁇ 0.2421x 2 +28.955x+ ⁇ 831.91),
  • the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503),
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.6034x+79.727, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.3966x+20.271), and
  • the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
  • the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  • point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
  • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.3546x 2 ⁇ 9.4655x+129.693, ⁇ 0.3546x 2 +8.4655x ⁇ 29.693),
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.016x 2 +0.182x+67.1, ⁇ 0.016x 2 ⁇ 1.182x+32.9), and
  • the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more.
  • the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
  • point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
  • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.7501x+61.8, ⁇ 0.0078x 2 ⁇ 0.2499x+38.2),
  • the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.7607x+63.525, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.2393x+36.475), and
  • the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HF-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
  • point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.0, 32.0, 5.0), point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above line segments;
  • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43),
  • the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x 2 -0.7607x+63.525, ⁇ 0.0067x 2 ⁇ 0.2393x+36.475), and
  • the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more; furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
  • point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1)
  • point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5)
  • point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4)
  • point B 0.0, 58.7, 41.3
  • point F 0.0, 80.4, 19.6
  • point T 35.8, 44.9, 19.3
  • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0031x 2 ⁇ 1.36x+68.6, ⁇ 0.0031x 2 +0.36x+31.4),
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0034x 2 ⁇ 1.3714x+68.644, ⁇ 0.0034x 2 +0.3714x+31.356),
  • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0048x 2 ⁇ 1.8675x+63.052, ⁇ 0.0048x 2 +0.8675x+36.948),
  • the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m 3 or more; furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
  • point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
  • the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
  • the line segment gh is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z), and
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
  • point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7), point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and
  • the line gh is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z), and
  • the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
  • point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points 0 and f);
  • the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
  • point 1 (72.5, 10.2, 17.3), point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0), point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0), or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
  • the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y 2 ⁇ 1.5177y+87.598, y, ⁇ 0.0047y 2 +0.5177y+12.402),
  • the line segment ef is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0134z 2 ⁇ 1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z 2 +0.0825z+43.308, z), and the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
  • point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points 0 and c);
  • the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y 2 ⁇ 1.5588y+93.385, y, ⁇ 0.0052y 2 +0.5588y+6.615),
  • the line segment bc is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0032z 2 ⁇ 1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z 2 +0.1791z+22.407, z), and
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
  • point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4), point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3), or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
  • the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y 2 ⁇ 1.5588y+93.385, y, and ⁇ 0.0052y+0.5588y+6.615),
  • the line segment bj is represented by coordinates ( ⁇ 0.0032z 2 ⁇ 1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z 2 +0.1791z+22.407, z), and
  • the line segment jk is a straight line.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
  • Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected.
  • the mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
  • the refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
  • composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure when used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil.
  • the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water.
  • the water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant.
  • a small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.
  • a tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.
  • the tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers.
  • tracers examples include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O).
  • the tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
  • FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF 4 ) HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH 3 Cl) HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF 3 ) HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH 3 Cl) HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF 3 CHF 2 ) HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF 3 CH 2 F) HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF 2 CHF 2 ) HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF 3 CH 3 ) HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 2 F) HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 3 ) HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH 2 FCH 2 F) HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH 3 CH 2 F)
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain one or more tracers at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million by weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm based on the entire refrigerant composition.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may preferably contain one or more tracers at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and more preferably about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm, based on the entire refrigerant composition.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
  • the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
  • ultraviolet fluorescent dyes examples include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof.
  • the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.
  • the stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.
  • stabilizers examples include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.
  • nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
  • ethers examples include 1,4-dioxane.
  • amines examples include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
  • stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
  • the content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.
  • the polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
  • polymerization inhibitors examples include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
  • the content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
  • the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
  • the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition.
  • the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
  • composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single refrigeration oil, or two or more refrigeration oils.
  • the refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils.
  • refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
  • the base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
  • PAG polyalkylene glycols
  • POE polyol esters
  • PVE polyvinyl ethers
  • the refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil.
  • the additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
  • a refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.
  • the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive.
  • additives include compatibilizing agents described below.
  • the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
  • the compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
  • compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
  • the compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
  • the method for operating a refrigerating machine according to the present disclosure is a method for operating a refrigerating machine using the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.
  • the method for operating a refrigerating machine according to the present disclosure comprises the step of circulating the refrigerant according to the present disclosure in a refrigerating machine.
  • the GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report.
  • the refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
  • the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
  • Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
  • Example Example Example Example 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S′ T HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.8 49.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass % 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9 R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9 9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP — 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 96.1 99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C.
  • Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 97.7 97.4 96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation ° C.
  • Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.8 97.8 98.9 410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.7 87.3 capacity ratio 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.18 2.90 2.47 Discharge pressure % (relative to 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6 410A) RCL g/m 3 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2
  • Example 65 Comp. Ex. 19 Comp. Ex 20 Comp. Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A) 95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 410A) 85.8 85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 ratio Condensation glide ° C. 5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 Discharge pressure % (relative to 410A) 93.5 92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 RCL g/m 3 67.8 59.5 53.0 47.8 43.5
  • Example 226 Example 227 HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 38.0 38.0 GWP — 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A) 97.4 97.6 Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 410A) 85.6 85.3 ratio Condensation glide ° C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge pressure % (relative to 410A) 91.0 90.6 RCL g/m 3 50.9 49.8
  • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.9473x+57.497, 0.0016x 2 ⁇ 0.0527x+42.503)
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x 2 ⁇ 1.0268x+58.7, ⁇ 0.0029x 2 +0.0268x+41.3
  • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.6671x+80.4, ⁇ 0.0082x 2 ⁇ 0.3329x+19.6)
  • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, x,
  • the point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.
  • the point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.
  • the point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.
  • the point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.
  • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0031x 2 ⁇ 1.36x+68.6, ⁇ 0.0031x 2 +0.36x+31.4)
  • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0034x 2 ⁇ 1.3714x+68.644, ⁇ 0.0034x 2 +0.3714x+31.356)
  • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0048x 2 ⁇ 1.8675x+63.052, ⁇ 0.0048x 2 +0.8675x+36.948)
  • the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0098x 2 ⁇
  • the point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.
  • the point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
  • the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
  • a burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner.
  • the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge.
  • the burning velocity was measured by the closed method.
  • the initial temperature was ambient temperature.
  • Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell.
  • the duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J.
  • the spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs.
  • a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source.
  • Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
  • Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.
  • Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base,
  • the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
  • the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, ⁇ 0.1135x 2 +12.112x ⁇ 280.43, 0.1135x 2 ⁇ 13.112x+380.43), and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x 2 ⁇ 29.955x+931.91, ⁇ 0.2421x 2 +28.955x+ ⁇ 831.91).
  • the point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.
  • the point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.

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