WO2013084301A1 - ヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム - Google Patents
ヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013084301A1 WO2013084301A1 PCT/JP2011/078199 JP2011078199W WO2013084301A1 WO 2013084301 A1 WO2013084301 A1 WO 2013084301A1 JP 2011078199 W JP2011078199 W JP 2011078199W WO 2013084301 A1 WO2013084301 A1 WO 2013084301A1
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- pump
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- heating
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- water
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 563
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 364
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 14
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0005—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperation of waste heat
- F24D17/001—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperation of waste heat with accumulation of heated water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/227—Temperature of the refrigerant in heat pump cycles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
- F24H15/34—Control of the speed of pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/385—Control of expansion valves of heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/242—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/258—Outdoor temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
- F24H15/38—Control of compressors of heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
- F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
- F24H15/45—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based remotely accessible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/13—Pump speed control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/18—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperated or waste heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump type hot water supply system that performs hot water supply and heating using a heat pump.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a hot water storage tank for storing hot water generated by heating in a heat pump unit, a radiator for heating using hot water generated by heating in a heat pump unit, and a coil installed in the hot water storage tank.
- a heat pump type hot water supply system provided with a heat exchanger for hot water supply made of a pipe is disclosed. In this system, when hot water is supplied, the supplied water is heated by a hot water supply heat exchanger in the hot water storage tank to generate hot water.
- the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is not directly discharged, but the hot water generated by heating the hot water in the hot water storage tank is discharged. For this reason, it is difficult to use the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank without waste. Also, hot water must be stored in a hot water storage tank. Moreover, the heat exchanger for hot water supply which consists of a coiled pipe has low heat transfer performance. For this reason, the conventional system described above has poor hot water supply efficiency. In addition, since a hot water supply heat exchanger is installed in the hot water storage tank, the replacement work is complicated when a malfunction or failure occurs, and there is a problem that the maintainability is poor.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump heating / hot water supply system capable of performing hot water storage operation with high operation efficiency.
- a heat pump heating and hot water supply system includes a heat pump that heats a heat medium, one or a plurality of heat medium pumps that send the heat medium, and a heating heat exchanger that heats water by heat exchange between the heat medium and water.
- a heating heat exchanger that heats the room with a heat medium
- flow path switching means that switches the flow path so that the heat medium is selectively sent to either the heating heat exchanger or the heating heat exchanger
- heat A heat pump connecting a medium pump, a heating heat exchanger, a heating heat exchanger, and a flow path switching unit, a hot water tank, one or more water pumps for sending water, and water taken from the hot water tank heated by heat A water pipe connected to the hot water tank, the water pump and the heating heat exchanger, a heat pump control device for controlling the heat pump, and a heat medium so that the water sent to the exchanger and passed through the heating heat exchanger returns to the hot water tank Control pump and water pump And a pump controller, volume flow of the heat medium heating medium pump sends the heating heat exchanger is one in which the water pump is equal to or greater than the volume flow of water sent to the heating heat exchanger.
- the heat pump heating / hot water supply system includes a heat pump that heats the heat medium, one or more heat medium pumps that send the heat medium, and heating heat exchange that heats water by heat exchange between the heat medium and water.
- a heating heat exchanger that heats the room with a heat medium, and a flow path switching means that switches the flow path so that the heat medium is selectively sent to either the heating heat exchanger or the heating heat exchanger.
- Heat medium pump and water pump A pump control device that controls the temperature and heat of the heat medium flowing into the heat exchanger when the water is heated by heat exchange between the heat medium and water in the heat heat exchanger.
- Heat medium pump and water pump so that the difference between the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the exchanger is equal to or less than the difference between the temperature of water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger and the temperature of water flowing into the heating heat exchanger Is to drive.
- hot water storage operation can be performed with high operation efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a system circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant, heat medium, and water in the heating operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the heat pump control device of the heat pump type heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the pump control device of the heat pump type heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a system circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant, heat medium, and water in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a system circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant, heat medium, and water in the heating operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heating medium in the heating heat exchanger in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the temperature and heating of the heating medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger. It is a figure which shows the relationship with the temperature of the heat medium which flows out from a heat exchanger.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the temperature distribution of the heat medium and water in the heating heat exchanger in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an enthalpy difference expansion effect by narrowing the expansion valve in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump type heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a pump characteristic curve of the water pump in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump type heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a pump characteristic curve of the heat medium pump in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a system circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant, heat medium, and water during the heating operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a system circuit diagram showing the refrigerant, heat medium, and water flow in the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump heating and hot water supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a system circuit diagram of a heat pump heating and hot water supply system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a heat pump heating and hot water supply system 100 includes a heat pump unit 301 in which a refrigerant circuit 51 of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle (heat pump cycle) and a part of a heating circulation circuit 52 are mounted, A hot water storage tank unit 302 on which a part of the hot water storage circuit 53 is mounted and a heating unit 305a, 305b that is configured by a part of the heating circulation circuit 52 and heats the room are provided.
- a heat pump heating and hot water supply system 100 includes a heat pump unit 301 in which a refrigerant circuit 51 of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle (heat pump cycle) and a part of a heating circulation circuit 52 are mounted, A hot water storage tank unit 302 on which a part of the hot water storage circuit 53 is mounted and a heating unit 305a, 305b that is configured by a part of the heating circulation circuit 52 and
- the heat pump unit 301 and the hot water storage tank unit 302 are connected via a heat medium pipe 303 and a heat medium pipe 304.
- the hot water tank unit 302 and the heating units 305a and 305b are connected via a heat medium pipe 306 and a heat medium pipe 307.
- the hot water tank unit 302 is connected to a hot water supply pipe 308 connected to a hot water supply terminal (for example, a faucet such as a kitchen or a washroom) and a water supply pipe 309 for supplying water from a water source such as a water supply.
- the refrigerant used in the refrigerant circuit 51 of the heat pump unit 301 is not particularly limited.
- R410A, R32, HFO-1234yf, natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, and the like can be used.
- the heat medium used for the heating circulation circuit 52 is not specifically limited, For example, liquids, such as water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, nibrine (Nibrine is a trademark), or a mixture thereof, can be used.
- ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, nibrine, and the like can be used at any concentration.
- This heat pump heating / hot water supply system 100 is installed, for example, in a general house or office building.
- the heat pump heating / hot water supply system 100 can process the hot water supply command (hot water supply ON / OFF) or the heating command (heating ON / OFF) selected in the hot water storage tank unit 302.
- the heat pump unit 301 is equipped with a refrigerant circuit 51 in which the compressor 1, the condenser 2, the expansion valve 3, and the evaporator 4 are annularly connected by refrigerant piping.
- the compressor 1 sucks and compresses the refrigerant to bring it into a high temperature and high pressure state.
- the compressor 1 is preferably of a type whose rotational speed is controlled by, for example, inverter control.
- the condenser 2 heats the heat medium and cools the refrigerant by exchanging heat between the heat medium and the refrigerant.
- the condenser 2 is composed of, for example, a plate heat exchanger.
- the expansion valve 3 decompresses the refrigerant to a low temperature and low pressure state.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 3 is variable.
- the evaporator 4 heats the refrigerant by absorbing heat from the outside air by exchanging heat between the outside air and the refrigerant.
- the evaporator 4 is configured by, for example, a cross fin type fin-and-tube type air heat exchanger configured by heat transfer tubes and a large number of fins.
- the evaporator 4 is provided with a blower 5. After the outside air is sucked in by the blower 5 and heat is exchanged in the evaporator 4, the air is discharged to the outside.
- the blower 5 includes a fan such as a propeller fan and a motor that drives the fan, such as a DC fan motor.
- the blower 5 is configured to change the flow rate of supplied air.
- the heat pump unit 301 further includes a pressure sensor 201 that detects the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1, a temperature sensor 202 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1, and a refrigerant that flows out of the condenser 2.
- a temperature sensor 203 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant, a temperature sensor 204 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 4, a temperature sensor 205 for detecting the outside air temperature (the temperature of the air flowing into the evaporator 4), and a condenser 2 is provided with a temperature sensor 206 that detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat exchanger 2 and a temperature sensor 207 that detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the condenser 2.
- the hot water storage tank unit 302 is equipped with a heat medium pump 6, a three-way valve 7, a heating heat exchanger 8, a water pump 9, a hot water storage tank 10, a mixing valve 11, and the like.
- the heat medium pump 6 has a function of circulating the heat medium in the heating circulation circuit 52.
- the heat medium pump 6 may be a variable speed type (for example, by inverter control) or a constant speed type.
- the three-way valve 7 functions as a flow path switching unit that switches the flow direction of the heat medium. During the hot water storage operation, the three-way valve 7 is switched so that the heat medium flows to the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the heating heat exchanger 8 heats water and cools the heat medium by exchanging heat between the heat medium and water.
- the heating heat exchanger 8 is composed of, for example, a plate heat exchanger. In the present embodiment, the heat medium and water are configured to flow in opposite directions in the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the water pump 9 has a function of circulating water in the hot water storage circuit 53.
- the water pump 9 may be a variable speed type (for example, by inverter control) or a constant speed type.
- the hot water storage tank 10 (hot water storage tank) has a function of storing boiling hot water and water before boiling.
- the hot water storage tank 10 is a full-water type, stores hot water while forming temperature stratification, and stores high-temperature water in the upper part and low-temperature water in the lower part.
- a water pipe 310 of the hot water storage circuit 53 is connected to the connection point 13 at the upper part of the hot water tank 10, and a water pipe 311 of the hot water storage circuit 53 is connected to the connection point 14 at the lower part of the hot water tank 10.
- the water in the hot water storage tank 10 flows out from the connection point 14, is sent to the heating heat exchanger 8 through the water pipe 311 and heated, and then flows through the water pipe 310 to store the hot water. It returns to the tank 10 and flows into the hot water storage tank 10 from the connection point 13.
- the hot water pipe 15 connects the upper part of the hot water tank 10 and the mixing valve 11.
- the water supply pipe 309 is connected to the lower part of the hot water tank 10 and the mixing valve 11.
- a hot water supply pipe 308 is further connected to the mixing valve 11.
- hot water flows out from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 10 to the hot water discharge pipe 15 and is supplied to the mixing valve 11.
- the same amount of low-temperature water as the hot water flowing out to the hot water discharge pipe 15 flows from the water supply pipe 309 into the lower part of the hot water storage tank 10.
- the mixing valve 11 mixes the hot water from the hot water discharge pipe 15 and the low temperature water from the water supply pipe 309 and feeds the mixed water to the hot water supply pipe 308.
- the mixing valve 11 can control the mixing ratio of hot water and low-temperature water, and generates hot water having a preset temperature.
- the hot water storage tank unit 302 further includes a temperature sensor 208 that detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8, a temperature sensor 209 that detects the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8, and a heating heat.
- a temperature sensor 210 that detects the temperature of water flowing into the exchanger 8, a temperature sensor 211 that detects the temperature of water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8, and temperature sensors 212 and 213 that detect the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 10. , 214, 215 and a temperature sensor 216 for detecting the water temperature in the hot water supply pipe 308.
- the heating units 305a and 305b include radiators 12a and 12b (panel heaters) as heating heat exchangers. By flowing a heat medium through the radiators 12a and 12b, the indoor air is heated by radiation.
- the number of heating units is two, but the number of heating units may be one or three or more.
- the heating heat exchanger is a radiator, but other types of heating heat exchangers such as a fan coil unit and a floor heating heater may be used, and a plurality of types of heating heat exchangers are mixed. It is good also as the form which did.
- the heat pump unit 301 is provided with a heat pump control device 101 configured by, for example, a microcomputer.
- the hot water storage tank unit 302 is provided with a pump control device 121 configured by, for example, a microcomputer.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the heat pump control apparatus 101.
- the heat pump control apparatus 101 includes a measuring unit 102 that acquires pressure and temperature information based on outputs from the pressure sensor 201 and the temperature sensors 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, and 207, and an operating state (temperature) of the heat pump unit 301.
- Communication means 103 for calculating the condensation temperature, the degree of supercooling, and the like based on the measurement information acquired by the measurement means 102, and the heat pump unit 301 based on the measurement information, the calculation result of the calculation means 104, and the like.
- Control means 105 for controlling the operation state (the operation method of the compressor 1, the opening degree of the expansion valve 3, etc.).
- the communication unit 103 is configured to communicate with a communication unit 125 (to be described later) through, for example, a telephone line, a LAN line, or wireless communication.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the pump control device 121.
- the pump controller 121 includes a temperature sensor 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, a measuring unit 122 that acquires temperature information, and a heat medium that flows through the heating circuit 52.
- Storage means 123 for storing the type of the operation mode, input means 124 for recognizing inputs such as the ON / OFF command of the operation mode from the user and input information from the installation company, and the operating state (temperature and temperature) of the hot water tank unit 302 Communication to transmit the operation state (temperature, pressure, etc.) of the heat pump unit 301 and the abnormal signal from the heat pump control apparatus 101.
- the heating heat exchanger 8 is moved in and out.
- the hot water storage tank unit 302 based on the measurement information, the calculation result of the calculation means 126, and the like.
- a control means 127 for controlling (operating states of the heat medium pump 6 and the water pump 9 and switching of the three-way valve 7).
- the heat pump control device 101 is installed in the heat pump unit 301 and the pump control device 121 is installed in the hot water tank unit 302.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and hot water storage
- the heat pump control device 101 may be installed in the tank unit 302, or the pump control device 121 may be installed in the heat pump unit 301.
- the heat pump control apparatus 101 and the pump control apparatus 121 may be integrated.
- a control device (not shown) may be prepared in a place other than the heat pump unit 301 and the hot water tank unit 302, and the control device may assume a part or all of the functions of the heat pump control device 101 and the pump control device 121. good.
- the heat pump heating / hot water supply system 100 is mounted on the heat pump unit 301, the hot water tank unit 302, and the heating units 305a, 305b according to the heating load required for the heating units 305a, 305b and the hot water supply request required for the hot water tank unit 302.
- Each of the devices is controlled, and the heating operation mode or the hot water storage operation mode is executed.
- Information on ON / OFF of the heating operation mode or the hot water storage operation mode is input to the input unit 124 of the pump control device 121 by the user or automatically based on the time or the like.
- the input information is transmitted to the heat pump control apparatus 101 by the communication unit 125.
- the driving operation in each operation mode will be described.
- heating operation mode First, the heating operation mode will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the arrow in FIG. 1 has shown the flow direction of the refrigerant
- the three-way valve 7 is switched so as to connect the outlet of the condenser 2 and the heating units 305a and 305b.
- the heat pump unit 301 and the hot water tank unit 302 are operated.
- the refrigerant circuit 51 the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the condenser 2 and is cooled by the heat medium to become high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flows out of the condenser 2, is decompressed by the expansion valve 3, and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant flows into the evaporator 4 and absorbs heat from the outside air to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 1 again.
- the operating state of the compressor 1, the expansion valve 3, and the blower 5 is controlled by the control means 105 of the heat pump control device 101 according to the temperature and pressure measured by the measurement means 102.
- the heat medium sent by the heat medium pump 6 flows out of the hot water storage tank unit 302 and flows into the heat pump unit 301 via the heat medium pipe 304.
- the heat medium is heated by the refrigerant in the condenser 2 to be in a high temperature state.
- This high-temperature heat medium flows out of the heat pump unit 301 and flows into the hot water storage tank unit 302 again via the heat medium pipe 303.
- the heat medium then flows out of the hot water tank unit 302 via the three-way valve 7 and flows into the heating units 305a and 305b via the heat medium pipe 306.
- the radiator 12a, 12b heats the room by heat exchange between the heat medium and the room air, and the heat medium becomes a low temperature.
- the heat medium having a low temperature flows out from the heating units 305a and 305b, flows into the hot water storage tank unit 302 via the heat medium pipe 307, and flows into the heat medium pump 6 again.
- the operation state of the heat medium pump 6 is controlled by the control means 127 of the pump control device 121 according to the measured temperature and pressure. In the heating operation mode, since the water in the hot water storage tank 10 is not heated, the water pump 9 is stopped and the water in the hot water storage circuit 53 is not flowing.
- the hot water storage operation mode will be described with reference to FIG.
- the arrow in FIG. 4 has shown the flow direction of the refrigerant
- the three-way valve 7 is switched so as to connect the outlet of the condenser 2 and the inlet of the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the heat pump unit 301 and the hot water tank unit 302 are operated.
- the refrigerant circuit 51 the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the condenser 2 and is cooled by the heat medium to become high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flows out of the condenser 2 and is decompressed by the expansion valve 3 to become a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant then flows into the evaporator 4 and absorbs heat from the outside air to become a low-pressure gas refrigerant. Thereafter, the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 1 again.
- the operating state of the compressor 1, the expansion valve 3, and the blower 5 is controlled by the control means 105 of the heat pump control device 101 according to the temperature and pressure measured by the measurement means 102.
- the heat medium sent by the heat medium pump 6 flows out of the hot water storage tank unit 302 and flows into the heat pump unit 301 via the heat medium pipe 304.
- the heat medium is heated by the refrigerant in the condenser 2 to be in a high temperature state.
- This high-temperature heat medium flows out of the heat pump unit 301 and flows into the hot water storage tank unit 302 again via the heat medium pipe 303.
- the heat medium flows into the heating heat exchanger 8 via the three-way valve 7, heats the water by exchanging heat with water, and the heat medium becomes a low temperature.
- the heat medium whose temperature has been lowered then flows into the heat medium pump 6 again.
- the hot water storage circuit 53 water flowing out from the connection point 14 of the hot water storage tank 10 is sent to the heating heat exchanger 8 through the water pipe 311 by the water pump 9. This water is heated by the heating medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 to become hot water. Hot water that has flowed out of the heating heat exchanger 8 flows into the hot water tank 10 from the connection point 13 through the water pipe 310 and is stored. As water continuously flows out from the connection point 14 of the hot water tank 10 and hot water flows into the connection point 13 continuously, the amount of hot water in the hot water tank 10 increases. In the hot water storage operation mode, indoor heating is not performed, and no heat medium flows through the heating units 305a and 305b.
- connection point 13 is the upper part of the hot water tank 10. Since the density of water decreases as the temperature rises, the higher the temperature, the higher the temperature of the hot water storage tank 10 rises and stays.
- the hot water heated by the heating heat exchanger 8 and returned to the hot water storage tank 10 stays in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 10 without being dissipated to the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 10. That is, hot water can be stored without raising the temperature of the entire hot water tank 10.
- the temperature of the hot water returned to the hot water storage tank 10 is heated to a predetermined set temperature so as not to lower the temperature of the hot water in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 10.
- the set temperature is set by a user input or automatically by the pump control device 121 or the like. That is, in the present embodiment, a heating operation is performed to raise the temperature of the water by one heating so that the temperature of the hot water flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 detected by the temperature sensor 211 becomes the set temperature.
- a heating method is called overheating. In the single overheating, it is necessary to control the flow rate of the water flowing to the heating heat exchanger 8 by the water pump 9 so that the temperature of the hot water flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 becomes the set temperature.
- the flow rate said here means a volume flow rate.
- the heat pump unit 301 In the case of one-time overheating, since the water is converted into hot water by a single heat exchange, the temperature of the hot water flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 is always almost equal to the set temperature. Therefore, since the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 is always high, the heat pump unit 301 always operates to raise the temperature of the heat medium to a high temperature. The higher the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the condenser 2, the lower the operating efficiency of the heat pump unit 301. Therefore, in the heat pump heating and hot water supply system 100 of the first embodiment, by realizing the following operation state, it is possible to suppress a decrease in operation efficiency and operate the heat pump unit 301 with high operation efficiency. Yes.
- the specific enthalpy difference of the refrigerant in the condenser 2 is increased by lowering the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2 and lowering the expansion valve 3 to lower the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature. , Increase driving efficiency.
- running state is demonstrated.
- FIG. 5 shows the difference between the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 (hereinafter referred to as “temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium”). It is the figure which took the axis
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 increases.
- the temperature of the medium is lowered.
- the amount of increase in the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 increases as the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heating medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 increases, and the amount of heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 increases.
- the amount of decrease in temperature decreases as the difference in the heat medium temperature of the heating heat exchanger 8 increases.
- the temperature change of the heat medium in each of the operation states (A), (B), and (C) in FIG. 5 will be specifically described.
- the operating state (A) the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium is small, and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 is high.
- the flow rate of the heat medium pump 6 is reduced from the operating state (A) to the operating state (B), the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 is lowered.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of the temperature distribution of the heat medium and water in the heating heat exchanger 8.
- (A), (B), and (C) in FIG. 6 correspond to the operating states (A), (B), and (C) in FIG.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium is small.
- the difference between the temperature of water (hot water) flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 and the temperature of water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 (hereinafter referred to as “temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of water”)
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium is smaller than
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 is equal to the temperature difference between the water inlet and outlet.
- the temperature difference between the heat medium and water becomes equal at any position in the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the operation efficiency of the heat pump unit 301 can be maximized when the operation state is (B).
- the flow rate of the heat medium by the heat medium pump 6 is realized so as to be in the operation state (B), the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 is lowered, and the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2 is reduced. It is preferable to lower the temperature. If the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2 can be lowered, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature that is the temperature at the outlet of the condenser 2 of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit 51 can be lowered by restricting the expansion valve 3. Become. Next, the operation for lowering the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature will be described.
- a target value of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature is set according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature becomes the target value.
- the expansion valve 3 is controlled.
- the temperature of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is detected by the temperature sensor 203, and the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2 is detected by the temperature sensor 206.
- the expansion valve 3 is throttled, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature is lowered.
- FIG. 7 shows the effect obtained by lowering the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature.
- the target value of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature is set to a value 3 ° C. higher than the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2.
- the target value of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature is also lowered, so that the expansion valve 3 is throttled, and the specific enthalpy difference of the refrigerant in the condenser 2 is increased.
- the target value of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature is too close to the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2, the high pressure rises and the operating efficiency decreases. Therefore, it is preferable to set the target value of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature to be higher by a predetermined value (for example, about 3 ° C.) than the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature can be lowered, and the heat pump unit 301 can be operated so as to maximize the operation efficiency.
- the operation state (A) or the operation state (B) is preferable. . Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately select the water pump 9 and the heat medium pump 6 to configure the heat pump heating / hot water supply system 100. Next, selection of the water pump 9 and the heat medium pump 6 will be described.
- the water flow rate is 3.23 liters / minute. That is, in the case of this example, the water pump 9 is selected in the hot water storage circuit 53 that can make the flow rate of the water flowing through the heating heat exchanger 8 about 3.23 liters / minute.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a pump characteristic curve of the water pump 9.
- a pipe resistance curve shows the total resistance of the piping of the hot water storage circuit 53.
- the intersection of the pipe resistance curve and the head curve is a point where the capacity of the water pump 9 and the total resistance of the pipe are balanced, and that point is the operating state of the water pump 9.
- the rotation speed of the water pump 9 can be varied by inverter control. For example, when the rotation speed is changed by changing the operation frequency of the water pump 9 to 60 Hz, 50 Hz, and 40 Hz, the lift curve changes, and the intersection of the pipe resistance curve and the lift curve shifts to the low flow rate side.
- the head curve is determined by the specifications of the water pump 9. That is, it can be determined according to the pump type and the pump capacity.
- the pipe resistance curve is determined by the piping specifications of the hot water storage circuit 53 (for example, the outer diameter, the thickness, the length, the type and number of pipe joints, the number of sudden expansion portions and sudden reduction portions). Since the hot water storage circuit 53 is a part of the hot water storage tank unit 302, the piping specifications of the hot water storage circuit 53 are information that can be obtained in advance at the time of design.
- the pump 9 can be selected.
- Cph is the specific heat [kJ / kgK] of the heat medium
- ⁇ h is the density of the heat medium [kg / m 3 ]
- Vh is the flow rate of the heat medium [m 3 / sec]
- Thi flows into the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the temperature of the heating medium [° C.], Tho is the temperature of the heating medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 [° C.]
- Cpw is the specific heat of water [kJ / kgK]
- ⁇ w is the density of water [kg / m 3 ]
- Vw is the flow rate [m 3 / sec] of water
- Twi is the temperature [° C.] of the water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8
- Two is the temperature [° C.] of the water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the heating amount Qw of water in the heating heat exchanger 8 is equal to the heat dissipation amount Qh of the heat medium
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium (Thi-Tho) and the temperature difference between the water inlet and outlet (Two-Twi) are equal
- the heat capacity flow rate Cph ⁇ ⁇ h ⁇ Vh of the heat medium and the heat capacity flow rate Cpw ⁇ ⁇ w ⁇ Vw of water are also equal.
- the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium becomes larger than the heat capacity flow rate of water. .
- the heat medium pump 6 may be selected so that the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium is equal to or higher than the heat capacity flow rate of water.
- the flow rate of water by the water pump 9 is 3.23 liters / minute, and using the specific heat of water 4.18 kJ / kgK and the density of water 1000 kg / m 3 , the heat capacity flow rate of water is 0.23 kW / K. Therefore, the heat medium pump 6 capable of setting the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium to 0.23 kW / K or more is selected.
- the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 is 25 ° C. by testing or analysis at the time of design
- the average temperature is 45 ° C.
- the specific heat of this heat medium at 45 ° C. is 3.78 kJ / kgK
- the density is 1031 kg / m 3 .
- the flow rate of the heat medium may be set to 3.54 liter / min or more. . Therefore, the heat medium pump 6 capable of setting the flow rate of the heat medium to 3.54 l / min or more is selected.
- Brine generally has a lower specific heat than water, and for the same volumetric flow, the heat capacity flow is lower for brine than for water. Therefore, whatever volume of brine is used as the heat medium, the volume flow rate of the heat medium that can be sent by the heat medium pump 6 to the heating heat exchanger 8 is reduced by the water pump 9 to the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the heat medium pump 6 and the water pump 9 are selected so as to be equal to or higher than the volume flow rate of water that can be sent.
- the heat medium pump 6 so that the volume flow rate of the heat medium that the heat medium pump 6 can send to the heating heat exchanger 8 is equal to or higher than the volume flow rate of water that the water pump 9 can send to the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the heat pump unit 301 can be operated with high efficiency.
- the heat medium pump 6 in order to make the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium equal to or higher than the heat capacity flow rate of water, it is necessary to select the heat medium pump 6 so that the flow rate (volume flow rate) of the heat medium becomes equal to or higher than the flow rate (volume flow rate) of water.
- the flow rate changes due to differences in piping configuration and piping resistance. Therefore, in consideration of the piping configuration and piping resistance, the heat medium pump 6 that can make the flow rate of the heat medium equal to or higher than the flow rate of water is selected.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a pump characteristic curve of the heat medium pump 6.
- the heat medium pipes 303 and 304 are particularly long in the heating circulation circuit 52, and the pipe resistance is increased.
- the flow rate of the heat medium is often smaller than the flow rate of water in the hot water storage circuit 53. Therefore, it is necessary to select the heat medium pump 6 in consideration of the piping resistance of the heating circuit 52.
- the installation locations of the heat pump unit 301 and the hot water tank unit 302 are determined, the lengths of the heat medium pipes 303 and 304 are determined.
- the diameter of the piping of the heating circuit 52 is determined.
- the pipe length and the pipe diameter are determined in this way, the pipe resistance when a necessary heat medium flow rate is passed can be obtained. Since all of these can be grasped at the design stage, it is possible to determine a pump that can output the entire head corresponding to the pipe resistance when the required flow rate of the heat medium is passed. In this way, the volume flow rate of the heat medium that can be sent to the heating heat exchanger 8 by the heat medium pump 6 is equal to or higher than the volume flow rate of water that can be sent to the heating heat exchanger 8 by the water pump 9.
- the heat medium pump 6 can be selected.
- the heat medium pump 6 and the water pump 9 can be selected.
- one heat medium pump 6 and one water pump 9 are arranged.
- the number of pumps and their connection method are not limited to this.
- the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium is larger than the heat capacity flow rate of water in the hot water storage operation mode. You may make it become.
- the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the piping it is preferable to set the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the piping to a value within a predetermined range. Specifically, when the fluid flow rate is low, for example, 0.5 m / second or less, pitting corrosion is caused. Moreover, when the flow velocity of the fluid is high, for example, at 1.2 m / sec or more, it causes erosion.
- the flow rate of the heat medium in the heating circuit 52 is equal to or higher than the flow rate of water in the hot water storage circuit 53.
- the heating circuit 52 for example, the inner diameter of the heat medium pipes 303 and 304 is preferably equal to or larger than the inner diameter of the water pipes 310 and 311 constituting the hot water storage circuit 53.
- the operation state is the operation state (B) in FIG. 6 according to the temperature of water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 and the temperature of water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8. Or in any position between the driving state (B) and the driving state (A).
- the heat medium pump 6 is a variable speed type, by controlling the rotation speed, the operating state (B) of FIG. 6 is realized in all situations, and the heat pump unit 301 is operated more efficiently. Is possible.
- the refrigerant of the heat pump unit 301 has a high pressure. It is possible to reliably prevent an abnormal operation due to an excessive increase or an excessive increase in the discharge temperature. The operation method will be described below.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of water are equal.
- the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8, the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8, the temperature of water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8, and the temperature of water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 Can be obtained, the control means of the pump control device 121 so that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 is equal to or less than the temperature difference between the water inlet and outlet.
- the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 can be acquired by the temperature sensor 208, and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 can be acquired by the temperature sensor 209. 8 can be acquired by the temperature sensor 210, and the temperature of water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 can be acquired by the temperature sensor 211.
- the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (temperature sensor 215 in the illustrated configuration) installed at the lowermost portion among the temperature sensors installed in the hot water storage tank 10, It can be used as the temperature of water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 207 can be used as the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 and is detected by the temperature sensor 206.
- the temperature can be used as the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8.
- the detected values of the temperature sensors 206 and 207 are transmitted by the communication means 103 of the heat pump control apparatus 101 and received by the communication means 125 of the pump control apparatus 121.
- the operation state (B) or the operation state (A) in FIG. It can also be realized.
- the acquisition method of the volume flow volume of water and a heat medium is demonstrated.
- the method for obtaining the flow rate of water is as follows. First, the pump characteristic curve of the water pump 9 shown in FIG. 8 is stored in the storage means 123 of the pump control device 121. Specifically, the head curve stores a data table of the flow rate of water and the total head for each rotational speed, and the pipe resistance curve stores a data table of water flow rate and the total head. Since the pipe resistance curve is determined by the piping configuration of the hot water storage circuit 53 and the head curve is determined by the water pump 9, it can be grasped in advance at the design stage. The flow rate of water is calculated from the pump characteristic curve of the water pump 9 and the rotational speed of the water pump 9.
- the method for obtaining the flow rate of the heat medium is as follows.
- the pump characteristic curve of the heat medium pump 6 shown in FIG. 9 is stored in the storage unit 123 of the pump control device 121.
- the head curve stores a data table of the flow rate of the heat medium and the total head for each rotation speed
- the pipe resistance curve stores a data table of the flow rate of the heat medium and the total head. Since the head curve is determined by the heat medium pump 6, it can be grasped in advance at the design stage.
- the pipe resistance curve is determined by the piping configuration of the heating circulation circuit 52.
- the heating circuit 52 also includes heat medium pipes 303, 304, 306, and 307 that connect the heat pump unit 301, the hot water tank unit 302, and the heating units 305a and 305b, and these specifications are determined when installed on site. It is. Therefore, in addition to the piping specifications inside the heat pump unit 301 and the hot water tank unit 302 that are known in advance at the time of design, the length and outer diameter of the heat medium pipes 303, 304, 306, 307 installed by the installer at the time of installation on site Further, the wall thickness, the type and number of pipe joints, the number of the rapid expansion part and the rapid reduction part, and the like are input to the input means 124 of the pump control device 121. By doing so, the data table of the pipeline resistance curve can be obtained from these values. As described above, information on the head curve and the pipe resistance curve can be acquired. The flow rate of the heat medium is calculated from the pump characteristic curve of the heat medium pump 6 and the rotation speed of the heat medium pump 6.
- the flow rate of water and the flow rate of the heat medium can be obtained.
- the operation state can be set to the operation state (B) or a state close thereto, and the operation efficiency of the heat pump unit 301 can be maximized. It becomes. Moreover, it becomes possible to make an operation state into an operation state (A), and it can prevent reliably that the heat pump unit 301 becomes abnormal operation.
- the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium and the heat capacity flow rate of water are equal, and in order to realize the operation state (B) with higher accuracy,
- the specific heat of water which is a fluid flowing through the hot water storage circuit 53, can be easily obtained as 4.18 kJ / kgK and the density of water is about 1000 kg / m 3 . Further, when water is used as the heat medium flowing through the heating circuit 52, the specific heat is easily obtained as 4.18 kJ / kgK and the density is about 1000 kg / m 3 .
- the specific heat and density vary depending on the type, concentration, and temperature of the brine. Therefore, the type and concentration of the heat medium are input to the input unit 124 of the pump control device 121 and stored in the storage unit 123 when installed on site. Based on the input information and the temperature, the specific heat and density of the heat medium can be obtained.
- the temperature of the heat medium is obtained by predicting the average temperature of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 at the system design stage.
- the density and specific heat of the heat medium may be obtained according to the predicted average temperature.
- the heating capacity of the heat pump unit 301, the specifications of the heating heat exchanger 8, the temperature of water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8, and the temperature of water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 are predicted. Therefore, the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 can also be predicted. Therefore, the predicted average temperature of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 can be obtained.
- the predicted average temperature is stored in the storage unit 123 of the pump control device 121.
- the average temperature of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 is predicted using the temperature sensor information as follows, and the density and specific heat of the brine (heat medium) are obtained using the predicted average temperature. Also good. That is, regarding the heating heat exchanger 8, if there is an outlet temperature of the heat medium and an outlet temperature of water, the average of the two temperatures may be used. Furthermore, if the temperature sensor 209 is not present, the temperature of the temperature sensor 206 cannot be obtained from the heat pump unit 301, and the outlet temperature of the heat medium is unknown, the water outlet temperature is used as the predicted average temperature of the heat medium. Also good.
- the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 are known.
- the average temperature can be predicted with high accuracy. That is, the temperature of the heat medium or water is detected by the detection means of the pump control device 121, the predicted average temperature of the heat medium is calculated by the calculation means 126 based on the information, and the calculated predicted average temperature of the heat medium is stored. Store in the means 123.
- the specific heat and density data of the brine are stored in the storage unit 123 of the pump control device 121 as a data table of concentration and temperature for each type of brine.
- the specific heat and density of a brine can be calculated
- the heat medium is a naybrine having a concentration of 40% and the predicted average temperature is 45 ° C.
- the specific heat is 3.78 kJ / kgK and the density is 1031 kg / m 3 .
- the specific heat and density of water and the heat medium can be obtained, and the heat capacity flow rate can be obtained by multiplying them by the volume flow rate.
- the operation state (B) can be realized with high accuracy.
- the driving efficiency can be maximized.
- the pump characteristic curve of the heat medium pump 6 was used when calculating the flow rate of the heat medium. Since the pipe resistance varies depending on the length of the heat medium pipes 303 and 304 installed at the site, information input by a local installer is required to use the pump characteristic curve. However, it may be desirable to facilitate local installation work. In that case, if the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heating medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 and the heating capacity of the heat pump unit 301 are known, the volume flow rate of the heating medium can be set without using the pump characteristic curve of the heating medium pump 6. The operation of the heat medium pump 6 can be controlled. This method is preferably used when there is no temperature sensor 210 or 211 and a temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of water in the heating heat exchanger 8 cannot be obtained.
- the hot water storage operation mode of the heat pump unit 301 is designed in advance so that the heating capacity of the heat pump unit 301, that is, the heating capacity of the condenser 2 to the heat medium is always equal to a predetermined heating capacity target. Accordingly, the compressor 1, the expansion valve 3, the blower 5 and the like of the heat pump unit 301 are operated. For example, if the heat pump unit 301 is 3HP, it is operated so that the heating capacity is 9 kW. There is also a heat pump unit 301 that is set in advance with a switch or the like before operation so as to have a predetermined heating capacity. In that case, even in the case of the 3HP heat pump unit 301, there are some in which the heating capacity is 8 kW or 7 kW.
- the heat pump unit 301 has a heating capacity target determined in advance before operation. By using the heating capacity target and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heating medium in the heating heat exchanger 8, even if the operating characteristics of the heating medium pump 6 and the piping resistance characteristics of the heating circulation circuit 52 are unknown, The flow rate can be determined.
- the heat pump control apparatus 101 transmits the heating capacity target of the heat pump unit 301 to the pump control apparatus 121 through the communication unit 103.
- the pump control device 121 receives the heating capacity target through the communication means 125.
- a predetermined heating capacity target may be stored in advance in the storage unit 123 of the pump control device 121.
- the heating amount of the heat medium in the condenser 2 and the heat dissipation amount in the heating heat exchanger 8 are equal, so the exchange heat amount of the heating heat exchanger 8 is the heating capability of the heat pump unit 301, that is, the heating capability target. Is almost the same.
- the heat exchange amount [kW] heat capacity flow rate [kW / K] ⁇ temperature difference between inlet and outlet [K], and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 is detected by the temperature sensor 208. It is obtained from the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature detected by the temperature sensor 209. As described above, the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium is obtained.
- the heat capacity flow rate is 0.23 kW / K.
- the heat medium is a 40% concentration naybrine and its temperature is 45 ° C.
- the specific heat is 3.78 kJ / kgK and the density is 1031 kg / m 3
- the actual flow rate of the heat medium is 3 .54 liters / minute.
- the actual heat medium is a nybrine having a concentration of 40%, but when the flow rate of the heat medium is calculated using the specific heat and density of water, the specific heat is 4.18 kJ / kgK and the density is 1000 kg / m 3 .
- the flow rate of the heat medium is calculated to be 3.23 liters / minute.
- the water flow rate can be obtained from the pump characteristic curve in the same manner as described above.
- the flow rate of the heat medium and the flow rate of water are obtained, and the rotation speed of the heat medium pump 6 can be controlled by the control means 127 so that the flow rate of the heat medium becomes equal to or higher than the flow rate of water.
- the flow rate of the heat medium is calculated to be smaller than actual.
- the operation state can be set to the operation state (B) or a state close thereto, and the operation can be performed so that the operation efficiency of the heat pump unit 301 is maximized.
- the operation state can be changed to the operation state (A), and the heat pump unit 301 can be reliably prevented from being abnormally operated.
- the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium and water may be acquired.
- the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium is obtained from the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the medium.
- the heat capacity flow rate of water is calculated
- the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium and water can be acquired.
- the rotation speed of the heat medium pump 6 is controlled by the control means 127 so that the heat capacity flow rate of the heat medium becomes equal to or higher than the heat capacity flow rate of water.
- the operation state (B) can be realized with higher accuracy, and the operation efficiency of the heat pump unit 301 can be maximized.
- the stability of the system may deteriorate and an unstable state such as hunting may occur.
- the operation state becomes relatively stable by making the control interval of the heat medium pump 6 longer than the control interval of the water pump 9, for example, twice or three times or more.
- the heat medium pump 6 is operated at.
- the control means 127 of the pump control device 121 can perform control so that the number of fluctuations in the rotation speed of the heat medium pump 6 within a predetermined time is equal to or less than the number of fluctuations in the rotation speed of the water pump 9. desirable.
- the control interval of the water pump 9 may be 15 seconds
- the control interval of the heat medium pump 6 may be 120 seconds.
- the operation state becomes relatively stable by making the control interval of the heat medium pump 6 longer than the control interval of the compressor 1, for example, twice or three times or more.
- the heat medium pump 6 is operated at. By doing so, the system can be operated more stably.
- the control interval of the compressor 1 may be 60 seconds and the control interval of the heat medium pump 6 may be 120 seconds.
- the control interval in the heat medium pump 6 is lengthened, but also the amount of fluctuation of the rotation speed may be limited.
- the heat medium pump 6 Regarding the amount of change in the rotation speed, a change of 5% or more with respect to that before the change may be prohibited. By doing so, since the rotational speed of the heat medium pump 6 changes little by little, unstable operation such as hunting can be suppressed, and the stability of the system is improved.
- the heat transfer performance is improved by using the heating heat exchanger 8 installed outside the hot water tank 10. Further, the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat pump unit 301 is lowered by flowing the heat medium through the heating circulation circuit 52 and flowing water through the hot water storage circuit 53 so that the flow rate of the heat medium becomes equal to or higher than the flow rate of water. Can do. As a result, the heat pump unit 301 can be operated so as to maximize the operation efficiency, and the hot water storage operation can be performed with high operation efficiency.
- the heating heat exchanger 8 since the heating heat exchanger 8 is installed outside the hot water storage tank 10, it can be easily replaced when a failure occurs in the heating heat exchanger 8, so that maintainability is also improved. Moreover, since not only the whole water in the hot water tank 10 can be made high temperature, but also a part of the water in the hot water tank 10 can be made high temperature, it is possible to generate hot water as much as necessary. In addition, the heat dissipation loss of the hot water tank 10 can be reduced.
- Embodiment 2 a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10. The description will focus on the differences from the first embodiment described above, and the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals. Is omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a system circuit diagram of a heat pump heating / hot water supply system 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and particularly shows a system circuit diagram in the heating operation mode.
- the arrow in FIG. 10 shows the flow direction of the refrigerant. Based on FIG. 10, the refrigerant circuit structure of the heat pump type heating hot-water supply system 200 is demonstrated.
- the second heat medium pump 16 is installed in parallel with the heat medium pump 6 in the heating circulation circuit 52.
- the second heat medium pump 16 has a function of circulating the heat medium in the heating circuit 52, and may be a variable speed type (for example, by inverter control) or a constant speed type. .
- the second heat medium pump 16 is operated in the heating operation mode and stopped in the hot water storage operation mode.
- the heat medium pump 6 is selected so that the same operation as in the first embodiment can be realized in the hot water storage operation mode.
- the heating heat exchanger 8 heats the water to the set temperature by one heat exchange, so the flow rate of the water pump 9 is generally small. Therefore, the heat medium pump 6 having a small flow rate is selected. For this reason, if the heating medium is circulated only by the heat medium pump 6 and the heating operation mode is carried out, the flow rate of the heat medium is small, so the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2 becomes high, and the heat pump unit 301 Operation efficiency may deteriorate.
- the second heat medium pump 16 is operated in addition to the heat medium pump 6 in the heating operation mode.
- the operation efficiency of the heat pump unit 301 can be increased when the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the heat pump unit 301 is as low as possible. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the flow rate of the heat medium so that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the condenser 2 is suppressed to about 5 ° C., for example.
- the heat medium is a nybrine having a concentration of 40%, and the heat medium inlet / outlet average temperature is 35 ° C., the specific heat of the heat medium is 3.74 kJ / kgK, The density of the heat medium becomes 1036 kg / m 3 , and the flow rate of the heat medium at which the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the condenser 2 becomes 5 ° C. is 27.87 liters / minute. If the heat medium pump 6 capable of securing a flow rate of 6.93 liters / minute has been selected, a second heat medium pump 16 that can secure a flow rate of 20.94 liters / minute may be selected. .
- the second embodiment has a configuration in which the second heat medium pump 16 is simply added to the first embodiment, the operation state of the hot water storage operation mode similar to the first embodiment can be realized. is there. Therefore, in Embodiment 2, a highly efficient operation can be performed in both the heating operation mode and the hot water storage operation mode.
- Embodiment 3 FIG. Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 11. The description will focus on the differences from the first embodiment described above, and the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals. Is omitted.
- FIG. 11 is a system circuit diagram of a heat pump heating and hot water supply system 300 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and particularly shows a system circuit diagram in a hot water storage operation mode.
- the arrow in FIG. 11 shows the flow direction of the refrigerant. Based on FIG. 11, the refrigerant circuit structure of the heat pump type heating hot-water supply system 300 is demonstrated.
- the connection point 17 serving as an inlet through which water heated by the heating heat exchanger 8 flows into the hot water tank 10 is the hot water tank 10. It is provided at the bottom.
- the water pump 9 may be a constant speed type. Since it becomes such a structure, the heat pump type heating hot water supply system 300 which concerns on Embodiment 3 differs in the heating method of water from the heat pump type heating hot water supply system 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 11 the connection point 17 serving as an inlet through which water heated by the heating heat exchanger 8 flows into the hot water tank 10 is the hot water tank 10. It is provided at the bottom.
- the water pump 9 may be a constant speed type. Since it becomes such a structure, the heat pump type heating hot water supply system 300 which concerns on Embodiment 3 differs in the heating method of water from the heat pump type heating hot water supply system 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- the water heated by the heating heat exchanger 8 flows into the hot water tank 10 from the connection point 17 at the lower part of the hot water tank 10. Low temperature water exists in the lower part of the hot water tank 10. As the water heated by the heating heat exchanger 8 flows into the hot water storage tank 10, the water temperature of the entire hot water storage tank 10 rises. In Embodiment 3, even if water is heated to a high temperature by the heating heat exchanger 8, if the water temperature of the hot water storage tank 10 is low, the hot water storage tank 10 cannot store the high temperature water.
- the hot water storage operation in the third embodiment is an operation for gradually raising the temperature of the entire hot water storage tank 10, and hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 10 by performing heat exchange a plurality of times in the heating heat exchanger 8.
- This heating method is called circulation heating.
- the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 10 is raised by raising the temperature of the water by, for example, 5 ° C. in the heating heat exchanger 8. Therefore, the temperature of the water flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 rises, for example, 25 ° C., 30 ° C., and so on, and the temperature of the water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8 is increased to 30 ° C., 35 ° C. ... and rise.
- the circulation heating at the beginning of heating, the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 10 is low, the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 and the temperature of the water flowing out from the heating heat exchanger 8 are also low.
- the operation efficiency of the heat pump unit 301 is high.
- the operation method of the water pump 9 is also different.
- the refrigerant, heat medium, and water flow directions in the hot water storage operation mode in the third embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the control method of the water pump 9 is as follows. In order to keep the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heating heat exchanger 8 low, the flow rate of water is increased to lower the temperature of the water flowing out of the heating heat exchanger 8. That is, for example, the water pump 9 is operated at a constant flow rate such that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the water in the heating heat exchanger 8 is about 5 ° C.
- the heating amount of the heating heat exchanger 8 is 9 kW
- the specific heat of water is 4.18 kJ / kgK and the density of water is 1000 kg / m 3
- the required flow rate of water is 25.84 liters / minute. Therefore, a pump that can secure a flow rate of 25.84 liters / minute is selected as the water pump 9.
- the heat medium pump 6 in order to make the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 equal to or less than the temperature difference between the water inlet and outlet, The flow rate of the medium must be secured. That is, when the flow rate of water supplied by the water pump 9 is 25.84 liters / minute, it is necessary to select a pump that can secure a flow rate of 25.84 liters / minute or more as the heat medium pump 6.
- a target value for the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature is set, and control is performed by the expansion valve 3 so that the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature becomes the target value.
- the target value of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant temperature can be set to a value 3 ° C. higher than the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2, for example.
- the heat medium pump 6 controls the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat medium in the heating heat exchanger 8 to be about 5 ° C.
- the inlet and outlet of the heat medium of the condenser 2 The temperature difference is about 5 ° C. Therefore, since the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the condenser 2 is not so low, the expansion valve 3 may be controlled so that the degree of supercooling of the condenser 2 becomes a target value (for example, 2 ° C.).
- the degree of supercooling of the condenser 2 is a value obtained by subtracting the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 203 from the saturation temperature of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 201.
- the heat pump heating and hot water supply system 300 it is possible to perform the heating operation and the hot water storage operation and to perform the hot water storage operation with high efficiency.
- the heat transfer performance is improved by using the heating heat exchanger 8 installed outside the hot water tank 10. Since the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the heat pump unit 301 can be lowered, the heat pump unit 301 can be operated with high operation efficiency.
- the heating heat exchanger 8 since the heating heat exchanger 8 is installed outside the hot water storage tank 10, it can be easily replaced when a failure occurs in the heating heat exchanger 8, so that maintainability is also improved.
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Abstract
Description
<機器構成>
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係るヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム100のシステム回路図である。図1に示すように、ヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム100は、蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクル(ヒートポンプサイクル)の冷媒回路51と加熱循環回路52の一部とを搭載したヒートポンプユニット301と、加熱循環回路52の一部と貯湯回路53とを搭載した貯湯槽ユニット302と、加熱循環回路52の一部により構成され、室内を暖房する暖房ユニット305a,305bとを備えている。ヒートポンプユニット301と貯湯槽ユニット302とは、熱媒体配管303及び熱媒体配管304を介して接続されている。貯湯槽ユニット302と暖房ユニット305a,305bとは、熱媒体配管306及び熱媒体配管307を介して接続されている。また、貯湯槽ユニット302は、給湯端末(例えば、台所や洗面所等の蛇口)に繋がる給湯管308と、水道等の水源から給水するための給水管309とに接続されている。
ヒートポンプユニット301は、圧縮機1と、凝縮器2と、膨張弁3と、蒸発器4とを冷媒配管により環状に接続した冷媒回路51を搭載している。圧縮機1は、冷媒を吸入し圧縮して高温高圧の状態にする。圧縮機1は、例えばインバータ制御により、回転速度が制御されるタイプのものが好ましい。凝縮器2は、熱媒体と冷媒とを熱交換させることで、熱媒体を加熱し、冷媒を冷却する。凝縮器2は、例えばプレート式熱交換器により構成される。膨張弁3は、冷媒を減圧して低温低圧の状態にする。膨張弁3の開度は、可変である。蒸発器4は、外気と冷媒を熱交換させることで、外気から熱を吸収して冷媒を加熱する。蒸発器4は、例えば、伝熱管と多数のフィンとにより構成されたクロスフィン式のフィン・アンド・チューブ型空気熱交換器で構成される。蒸発器4には送風機5が設置されている。送風機5により、外気を吸入して、蒸発器4にて熱交換した後に、その空気を外部に排出する。送風機5は、プロペラファン等のファンと、このファンを駆動する、例えば、DCファンモータからなるモータとを備えている。送風機5は、供給する空気の流量を可変とするように構成される。
貯湯槽ユニット302には、熱媒体ポンプ6、三方弁7、加熱熱交換器8、水ポンプ9、貯湯槽10、及び混合弁11等が搭載されている。熱媒体ポンプ6は、加熱循環回路52にて熱媒体を循環させる機能を有している。熱媒体ポンプ6は、可変速式のもの(例えばインバータ制御によるもの)でもよいし、あるいは一定速式のものでもよい。三方弁7は、熱媒体の流れ方向を切り換える流路切換手段として機能するものである。貯湯運転時には、熱媒体が加熱熱交換器8に流れるように三方弁7が切り換えられる。暖房運転時には、熱媒体が暖房ユニット305a,305bに流れるように三方弁7が切り換えられる。加熱熱交換器8は、熱媒体と水とを熱交換させることで、水を加熱し、熱媒体を冷却する。加熱熱交換器8は、例えばプレート式熱交換器により構成される。本実施形態では、加熱熱交換器8内で熱媒体と水とが逆方向に流れるように構成されている。水ポンプ9は、貯湯回路53にて水を循環させる機能を有している。水ポンプ9は、可変速式のもの(例えばインバータ制御によるもの)でもよいし、あるいは一定速式のものでもよい。貯湯槽10(貯湯タンク)は、沸き上げられた湯及び沸き上げ前の水を貯留する機能を有している。貯湯槽10は、満水式であり、温度成層を形成しながら貯湯を行い、上部に高温水、下部に低温水が貯留される。貯湯槽10の上部の接続点13には貯湯回路53の水配管310が接続され、貯湯槽10の下部の接続点14には貯湯回路53の水配管311が接続されている。水ポンプ9を駆動することにより、貯湯槽10内の水が接続点14から流出し、水配管311を通って加熱熱交換器8に送られて加熱された後、水配管310を流れて貯湯槽10に戻り、接続点13から貯湯槽10内に流入する。
暖房ユニット305a,305bは、暖房熱交換器としてのラジエータ12a,12b(パネルヒータ)を備えている。ラジエータ12a,12bに熱媒体を流すことによって、室内の空気を輻射により暖房する。
ヒートポンプユニット301には、例えばマイクロコンピュータにより構成されたヒートポンプ制御装置101が設けられている。貯湯槽ユニット302には、例えばマイクロコンピュータにより構成されたポンプ制御装置121が設けられている。図2は、ヒートポンプ制御装置101の構成を示したブロック線図である。ヒートポンプ制御装置101は、圧力センサ201や温度センサ202,203,204,205,206,207などの出力に基づいて圧力や温度の情報を取得する計測手段102と、ヒートポンプユニット301の運転状態(温度、圧力など)や異常信号などをポンプ制御装置121に送信したり、また逆に貯湯槽ユニット302の運転状態(温度、機器動作など)や異常信号などをポンプ制御装置121から受信したりするための通信手段103と、計測手段102により取得された計測情報に基づいて凝縮温度や過冷却度などを演算する演算手段104と、上記計測情報や演算手段104の演算結果等に基づいてヒートポンプユニット301の運転状態(圧縮機1の運転方法や膨張弁3の開度など)を制御する制御手段105とを有している。なお、通信手段103は、例えば電話回線、LAN回線、無線通信などにより、後述する通信手段125と相互に通信を行うように構成されている。
ヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム100は、暖房ユニット305a,305bに要求される暖房負荷及び貯湯槽ユニット302に要求される給湯要求に応じて、ヒートポンプユニット301、貯湯槽ユニット302及び暖房ユニット305a,305bに搭載されている各機器の制御を行い、暖房運転モード若しくは貯湯運転モードを実行する。暖房運転モード若しくは貯湯運転モードのON/OFFの情報は、使用者により、若しくは時刻等に基づいて自動で、ポンプ制御装置121の入力手段124に入力される。その入力情報は、通信手段125によりヒートポンプ制御装置101に送信される。以下、各運転モードにおける運転動作について説明する。
まず、暖房運転モードについて図1を用いて説明する。なお、図1中の矢印は冷媒及び熱媒体の流れ方向を示している。暖房運転モードでは、三方弁7は、凝縮器2の出口と暖房ユニット305a,305bとを接続するように切り換えられる。この状態にてヒートポンプユニット301及び貯湯槽ユニット302の運転を実施する。そうすると、冷媒回路51では圧縮機1から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、凝縮器2に流入し、熱媒体により冷却されて高圧液冷媒になる。その後、冷媒は、凝縮器2から流出し、膨張弁3にて減圧され低圧の二相冷媒となる。その後、冷媒は、蒸発器4に流入し、外気から熱を吸収して低圧ガス冷媒となる。その後、冷媒は、再び圧縮機1に吸入される。圧縮機1、膨張弁3及び送風機5は、計測手段102により計測された温度や圧力に応じてヒートポンプ制御装置101の制御手段105により運転状態が制御されている。
次に、貯湯運転モードについて図4を用いて説明する。なお、図4中の矢印は冷媒、熱媒体及び水の流れ方向を示している。貯湯運転モードでは、三方弁7は、凝縮器2の出口と加熱熱交換器8の入口とを接続するように切り換えられる。この状態にてヒートポンプユニット301及び貯湯槽ユニット302の運転を実施する。そうすると、冷媒回路51では圧縮機1から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、凝縮器2に流入し、熱媒体により冷却されて高圧液冷媒になる。冷媒は、その後、凝縮器2から流出し、膨張弁3にて減圧され低圧の二相冷媒となる。冷媒は、その後、蒸発器4に流入し、外気から熱を吸収して低圧ガス冷媒となる。冷媒は、その後、再び圧縮機1に吸入される。圧縮機1、膨張弁3及び送風機5は、計測手段102により計測された温度や圧力に応じてヒートポンプ制御装置101の制御手段105により運転状態が制御されている。
本実施形態では、接続点13が貯湯槽10の上部となっている。水は、高温になると密度が小さくなるので、高温の湯ほど貯湯槽10の上部に上昇し滞留する。加熱熱交換器8により加熱されて貯湯槽10に戻ってきた湯は、貯湯槽10の下部の水に放熱することなく、高温のまま貯湯槽10の上部に滞留する。つまり、貯湯槽10全体を昇温させなくても、高温の湯を貯留することができる。追加沸き上げをする場合は、貯湯槽10の上部の湯の温度を低下させないように、貯湯槽10に戻す湯の温度を所定の設定温度まで加熱する。設定温度は、使用者の入力により、若しくはポンプ制御装置121等により自動で、設定される。すなわち、本実施形態では、温度センサ211にて検出される、加熱熱交換器8から流出する湯の温度が設定温度となるように、一度の加熱にて水を昇温させる加熱動作を行う。このような加熱方式のことを一過加温という。一過加温では、加熱熱交換器8から流出する湯の温度が設定温度となるように、加熱熱交換器8に流れる水の流量を水ポンプ9により制御する必要がある。なお、ここで言う流量とは体積流量のことをいう。
まず、水ポンプ9の選定について説明する。貯湯運転モードにて貯湯回路53を流れる水は、加熱熱交換器8において一度の熱交換にて設定温度まで加温される。その状態が実現される流量に制御可能な水ポンプ9が選定される。例として、ヒートポンプユニット301の加熱能力が9kWとすると、凝縮器2での冷媒と熱媒体との交換熱量は9kWであり、加熱熱交換器8での熱媒体と水との交換熱量も9kWとなる。例として、加熱熱交換器8に流入する水の温度が15℃、設定温度が55℃とすると、水の比熱が4.18kJ/kgK、水の密度が1000kg/m3であるので、必要な水の流量は3.23リットル/分となる。つまり、この例の場合には、貯湯回路53において、加熱熱交換器8を流れる水の流量を3.23リットル/分程度にすることができる水ポンプ9を選定する。
熱媒体ポンプ6が一定速式の場合、加熱熱交換器8に流入する水の温度及び加熱熱交換器8から流出する水の温度に応じて、運転状態は、図6の運転状態(B)であったり、運転状態(B)と運転状態(A)との間の何れかの位置の状態になったりする。これ対し、熱媒体ポンプ6が可変速式の場合は、回転速度を制御することによって、あらゆる状況において、図6の運転状態(B)を実現し、ヒートポンプユニット301をより高効率に運転することが可能となる。また、運転状態(A)の状態のように、熱媒体の入口出口間温度差が水の入口出口間温度差より小さくなるように制御しておくことで、ヒートポンプユニット301の冷媒に、高圧の過度な上昇や吐出温度の過度な上昇が生じて、異常運転となることを確実に防止できる。以下ではその運転方法について説明する。
次に、図10を参照して、本発明の実施の形態2について説明するが、上述した実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、同一部分又は相当部分は同一符号を付し説明を省略する。
次に、図11を参照して、本発明の実施の形態3について説明するが、上述した実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、同一部分又は相当部分は同一符号を付し説明を省略する。
実施の形態3での貯湯運転モードにおける冷媒、熱媒体及び水の流れ方向は実施の形態1と同様である。水ポンプ9の制御方法は次の通りとなる。加熱熱交換器8に流入する熱媒体の温度を低く抑えるため、水の流量を多くして加熱熱交換器8から流出する水の温度を低くする。つまり、水ポンプ9は、例えば、加熱熱交換器8における水の入口出口間温度差が5℃程度となるような流量で、一定運転とする。加熱熱交換器8の加熱量が9kWの場合、水の比熱が4.18kJ/kgK、水の密度が1000kg/m3とすると、必要となる水の流量は25.84リットル/分となる。したがって、水ポンプ9としては、25.84リットル/分の流量を確保できるポンプを選定する。
2 凝縮器
3 膨張弁
4 蒸発器
5 送風機
6 熱媒体ポンプ
7 三方弁
8 加熱熱交換器
9 水ポンプ
10 貯湯槽
11 混合弁
12a,12b ラジエータ
13,14,17 接続点
15 出湯管
16 第2の熱媒体ポンプ
51 冷媒回路
52 加熱循環回路
53 貯湯回路
100,200,300 ヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム
101 ヒートポンプ制御装置
102 計測手段
103 通信手段
104 演算手段
105 制御手段
121 ポンプ制御装置
122 計測手段
123 記憶手段
124 入力手段
125 通信手段
126 演算手段
127 制御手段
201 圧力センサ
202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216 温度センサ
301 ヒートポンプユニット
302 貯湯槽ユニット
303,304,306,307 熱媒体配管
305a,305b 暖房ユニット
308 給湯管
309 給水管
310,311 水配管
Claims (11)
- 熱媒体を加熱するヒートポンプと、
前記熱媒体を送る1又は複数の熱媒体ポンプと、
前記熱媒体と水との熱交換により前記水を加熱する加熱熱交換器と、
前記熱媒体により室内を暖房する暖房熱交換器と、
前記熱媒体が前記加熱熱交換器と前記暖房熱交換器との何れか一方に選択的に送られるように流路を切り換える流路切換手段と、
前記熱媒体ポンプ、前記加熱熱交換器、前記暖房熱交換器及び前記流路切換手段を接続する熱媒体配管と、
貯湯槽と、
前記水を送る1又は複数の水ポンプと、
前記貯湯槽から取り出された前記水が前記加熱熱交換器に送られ、前記加熱熱交換器を通過した前記水が前記貯湯槽に戻るように、前記貯湯槽、前記水ポンプ及び前記加熱熱交換器を接続する水配管と、
前記ヒートポンプを制御するヒートポンプ制御装置と、
前記熱媒体ポンプ及び前記水ポンプを制御するポンプ制御装置とを備え、
前記熱媒体ポンプが前記加熱熱交換器に送る前記熱媒体の体積流量は、前記水ポンプが前記加熱熱交換器に送る前記水の体積流量以上であるヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム。 - 熱媒体を加熱するヒートポンプと、
前記熱媒体を送る1又は複数の熱媒体ポンプと、
前記熱媒体と水との熱交換により前記水を加熱する加熱熱交換器と、
前記熱媒体により室内を暖房する暖房熱交換器と、
前記熱媒体が前記加熱熱交換器と前記暖房熱交換器との何れか一方に選択的に送られるように流路を切り換える流路切換手段と、
前記熱媒体ポンプ、前記加熱熱交換器、前記暖房熱交換器及び前記流路切換手段を接続する熱媒体配管と、
貯湯槽と、
前記水を送る1又は複数の水ポンプと、
前記貯湯槽から取り出された前記水が前記加熱熱交換器に送られ、前記加熱熱交換器を通過した前記水が前記貯湯槽に戻るように、前記貯湯槽、前記水ポンプ及び前記加熱熱交換器を接続する水配管と、
前記ヒートポンプを制御するヒートポンプ制御装置と、
前記熱媒体ポンプ及び前記水ポンプを制御するポンプ制御装置とを備え、
前記ポンプ制御装置は、前記加熱熱交換器にて前記熱媒体と前記水との熱交換により前記水を加熱する場合に、前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度と前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記熱媒体の温度との差が、前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記水の温度と前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記水の温度との差以下となるように、前記熱媒体ポンプ及び前記水ポンプを運転するヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム。 - 前記熱媒体配管の内径は、前記水配管の内径以上である請求項1又は2記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム。
- 前記ヒートポンプは、圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張弁及び蒸発器を冷媒配管により接続した冷媒回路を有し、
前記凝縮器から流出する冷媒の温度である高圧液冷媒温度を検出する手段と、
前記凝縮器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度を検出する手段と、
を更に備え、
前記ヒートポンプ制御装置は、
前記凝縮器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度に基づいて、前記高圧液冷媒温度の目標値を決定する手段と、
前記高圧液冷媒温度が前記目標値となるように、前記膨張弁を制御する手段と、
を有する請求項1乃至3の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム - 前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記水の温度を検出する手段を更に備え、
前記ポンプ制御装置は、前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記水の温度が、予め設定された温度となるように、前記水ポンプを制御する手段を有する請求項1乃至4の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム - 前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度を検出する手段と、
前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記熱媒体の温度を検出する手段と、
前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記水の温度を検出する手段と、
前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記水の温度を検出する手段と、
を更に備え、
前記ポンプ制御装置は、前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度と前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記熱媒体の温度との差が、前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記水の温度と前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記水の温度との差以下となるように、前記熱媒体ポンプの回転速度を制御する手段を有する請求項1乃至5の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム。 - 前記ポンプ制御装置は、
前記水ポンプのポンプ特性曲線及び前記熱媒体ポンプのポンプ特性曲線を記憶する手段と、
前記水ポンプの回転速度と前記水ポンプのポンプ特性曲線とに基づいて前記水の体積流量を演算する手段と、
前記熱媒体ポンプの回転速度と前記熱媒体ポンプのポンプ特性曲線とに基づいて前記熱媒体の体積流量を演算する手段と、
前記熱媒体の体積流量が前記水の体積流量以上となるように前記熱媒体ポンプの回転速度を制御する手段と、
を有する請求項1乃至5の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム - 前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度を検出する手段と、
前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記熱媒体の温度を検出する手段と、
を更に備え、
前記ポンプ制御装置は、
前記水ポンプのポンプ特性曲線を記憶する記憶手段と、
前記加熱熱交換器に流入する前記熱媒体の温度と、前記加熱熱交換器から流出する前記熱媒体の温度と、前記ヒートポンプの加熱能力とに基づいて、前記熱媒体の体積流量を演算する手段と、
前記水ポンプのポンプ特性曲線と前記水ポンプの回転速度とに基づいて、前記水の体積流量を演算する手段と、
前記熱媒体の体積流量が前記水の体積流量以上となるように、前記熱媒体ポンプの回転速度を制御する手段と、
を有する請求項1乃至5の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム - 前記ポンプ制御装置は、所定時間内における前記熱媒体ポンプの回転速度の変動回数を前記水ポンプの回転速度の変動回数以下とする請求項1乃至8の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム。
- 前記ヒートポンプ制御装置及び前記ポンプ制御装置は、所定時間内における前記熱媒体ポンプの回転速度の変動回数を、前記ヒートポンプの圧縮機の運転周波数の変動回数以下とする請求項1乃至9の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム
- 前記熱媒体ポンプと並列に設けられた第2の熱媒体ポンプを更に備え、
前記第2の熱媒体ポンプは、前記熱媒体を前記暖房熱交換器に送る場合には稼動し、前記熱媒体を前記加熱熱交換器に送る場合には停止する請求項1乃至10の何れか1項記載のヒートポンプ式暖房給湯システム。
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Also Published As
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EP2789933A4 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
CN103975204B (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
JPWO2013084301A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
JP5748002B2 (ja) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2789933B1 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
CN103975204A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
US20140291411A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
US9951962B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 |
EP2789933A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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