JP2014527063A - 2型糖尿病患者の血糖コントロールに使用する組合せ医薬 - Google Patents
2型糖尿病患者の血糖コントロールに使用する組合せ医薬 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
配列番号1:リキシセナチド(44AS)
H−G−E−G−T−F−T−S−D−L−S−K−Q−M−E−E−E−A−V−R−L−F−I−E−W−L−K−N−G−G−P−S−S−G−A−P−P−S−K−K−K−K−K−K−NH2
配列番号2:エキセンジン−4(39AS)
H−G−E−G−T−F−T−S−D−L−S−K−Q−M−E−E−E−A−V−R−L−F−I−E−W−L−K−N−G−G−P−S−S−G−A−P−P−P−S−NH2
・ピオグリタゾンと組合せたリキシセナチド(「リキシセナチド群」)は、ピオグリタゾン群(「プラセボ群」)と比較して、ベースラインから24週までの空腹時血漿中グルコースを有意に低下した。
・リキシセナチド群では、プラセボ群と比較して、ベースラインから24週までのHbA1c値が有意に低下した。
・リキシセナチド群では、24週時にHbA1c値≦6.5%又は≦7%に到達した患者の割合は、プラセボ群と比較して有意に高かった。
・空腹時血漿中インスリン濃度は、プラセボ群と比較して、リキシセナチド群が低かった。
(a)desPro36エキセンジン−4(1−39)−Lys6−NH2又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩、及び
(b)グリタゾン又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩、
を含む。
(a)desPro36エキセンジン−4(1−39)−Lys6−NH2又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩、及び
(b)グリタゾン又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩、
を含む。
容されるその塩を含む液体組成物は、等張化剤を含んでもよい。適切な等張化剤は、グリセロール、乳糖、ソルビトール、マンニトール、グルコース、食塩、CaCl2などのカルシウム又はマグネシウム含有化合物から選択され得る。グリセロール、乳糖、ソルビトール、マンニトール及びグルコースの濃度は、100〜250mMの範囲であればよい。食塩の濃度は、150mMまでであればよい。好ましい等張化剤は、グリセロールである。
実施例は、ピオグリタゾンで適切にコントロールされない2型糖尿病の患者におけるピオグリタゾンに加えたリキシセナチドの有効性及び安全を評価する、無作為、二重盲検、プラセボ対照、2治療群(2-arm)、アンバランスデザイン、並行群、多施設、多国間治験に言及する。患者あたりのおよその最低二重盲検治験期間は、79週(2週間までのスクリーニング+1週間のならし(run-in)+24週間の主要二重盲検治療+可変延長期間+3日間のフォローアップ)であった。
1.1 主要目的
この治験の主要目的は、血糖コントロールに対するリキシセナチドの有効性を、ピオグリタゾンで治療された2型糖尿病患者においてピオグリタゾンへの付加治療としてプラセボと比較し、24週の期間にわたる絶対HbA1c低下に関して評価することであった。
この治験の副次的目的は:
・リキシセナチドの効果を、
−HbA1c<7%に到達する患者の割合;
−HbA1c≦6.5%に到達する患者の割合;
−空腹時血糖値(FPG);
−体重;
−HOMA−βで評価したβ−細胞機能;
−空腹時血漿中インスリン(FPI);
について評価すること、及び
・リキシセナチドの安全性及び耐容性を評価することであった。
これは、2型糖尿病患者(リキシセナチド治療群に300例及びプラセボ治療群に150例)でリキシセナチド治療をプラセボと比較するアンバランス型(2:1)、無作為、二重盲検、プラセボ対照、2治療群並行群、多施設、多国間の可変延長期間を備えた治験であった。治験は、アクティブ及びプラセボ治療に関して二重盲検であった。治験薬物量(即ち、活性薬物又はマッチングプラセボ(matching placebo)の投与量)は、盲検化されなかった。患者は、HbA1cのスクリーニング値(< 8%、≧ 8%)及びスクリーニング時のメトホルミン使用(有り、無し)により階層化された。
3.1 主要なエンドポイント
主要有効性項目は、ベースラインから24週までのHbA1cの絶対変化であり、それは、24週時の HbA1c値−ベースラインでのHbA1c値として定義された。
3.2.1 重要な副次的有効性エンドポイント
副次的有効性項目に関して、見失った評価/早期中止を取り扱う同じ手順は、主要有効性項目に関するのと同じ手順を適用した。
・ベースラインから24週までのFPG(mmol/L)の変化、
・ベースラインから24週までの体重(kg)の変化、
・ベースラインから24週までのHOMA−βで評価したβ−細胞機能の変化;
・ベースラインから24週までのFPI(pmol/L)の変化。
・24週時にHbA1c<7%を備えた患者の割合;
・24週時にHbA1c≦6.5%を備えた患者の割合;
・主要24週二重盲検治療期間の間に救援療法を必要とした患者の割合;
・24週時にベースラインから≧5%の体重減少(kg)した患者の割合。
安全性解析は、症候性低血糖症及び重度の症候性低血糖症、注射部位での局所耐容性、アレルギー性事象(ARACによって判断を下された)、疑似膵炎、カルシトニン増加、バイタルサイン、12誘導心電図及び臨床検査を含む報告されたTEAE及び他の安全性情報をベースにした。
サンプルサイズ/検出力計算(power calculation)は、主要項目、ベースラインから24週までのHbA1cの絶対変化をベースに行われた。
5.1 解析集団(analysis populations)
修正治療企図(mITT)集団は、少なくとも1用量の二重盲検治験薬(IP)を受けた無作為の患者から成り、有効性項目のベースライン評価及び少なくとも1つのベースライン後評価の両者を有した。
主要有効性項目(ベースラインから24週までのHbA1cの変化)は、共分散解析(ANCOVA)モデルを用い、治療群(リキシセナチド及びプラセボ)、スクリーニングHbA1cの無作為化階層(<8.0、≧8.0%)、スクリーニング時のメトホルミン使用(有り、無し)の無作為化階層、並びに固定効果としての国及び共変量としてのベースラインHbA1cをで解析した。リキシセナチド及びプラセボのための平均値及び補正平均値の両者、並びにリキシセナチドとプラセボの間の補正平均値差のために構築された95%信頼区間(CI)が提供された。リキシセナチドとプラセボの間の差及び両側95%信頼区間、並びにp−値は、ANCOVAの枠組みの中で推定された。
第一種過誤のコントロールを確実にするために、ステップダウン試験手順(step down testing procedure)を適用した。主要項目が、α=0.05で統計的に有意な時点で試験手順を実施し、以下の優先順位によって以下の副次的有効性項目を試験することを行った。主要項目がα=0.05で統計的に有意でないことが分かり次第、試験を停止した。
・ベースラインから24週までのFPG(mmol/L)の変化、
・ベースラインから24週までの体重(kg)の変化、
・ベースラインから24週までのHOMA−βで評価したβ−細胞機能の変化、
・24週治療期間中の救援療法を必要とした患者の割合、
・ベースラインから24週までのFPI(mmol/L)の変化。
・24週時にHbA1c<7.0%を備えた患者の割合、
・24週時にHbA1c≦6.5%を備えた患者の割合、
・24週二重盲検治療期間中に救援療法を必要とした患者の割合。
安全性解析は、主として治験全体の実治療期間に基づいた。治験全体の実治療期間は、救援状況に関わらず、全治験期間中の二重盲検IPの初回投与からIP投与の最終投与後3日までの期間と定義した。3日の間隔は、IPの半減期に基づいて選択された(半減期の約5倍)。
6.1 治験患者
6.1.1 患者に対する説明責任
治験は、13か国(オーストリア、カナダ、フランス、ドイツ、ギリシャ、グアテマラ、インド、メキシコ、ペルー、プエルトリコ、ルーマニア、トルコ、及び米国)の150か所の医療施設で実施した。合計906人の患者をスクリーニングし、484例を、2つの治療群の中の1つに無作為に割り当てた。非無作為化の最も共通する理由は、スクリーニング来院時のプロトコルで規定された範囲から外れたHbA1c値であった(906例のスクリーニングした患者のうち283例[31.2%])。
表2は、各治療群に対する患者の内訳の要約を提供する。総治療期間に、136例(28.1%)の患者(リキシセナチドで26%及びプラセボで32.3%)が治験治療を早期に中止した。リキシセナチド群では、治療中止の主な理由は「その他の理由」(10.5%対プラセボの12.4%)、続いて「有害事象」(9.0%対プラセボの8.7%)であった。
人口統計及び患者のベースラインの特性は、概して安全性対象集団(表3)の治療群にわたって類似していた。年齢の中央値は56歳、そして52.5%は男性であった。治験集団は、主として白人(83.7%)であり、安全性対象集団の67.6%はBMI≧30kg/m2を有していた。
平均の治療暴露は、プラセボ群における518.6日(74週)と比べて、リキシセナチド群では560.2日(80週)であった(表6)。323例のリキシセナチド治療患者のうち286例(88.5%)は、IPに24週(169日)又はそれ以上暴露され、そして199例(61.6%)は18か月(547日)又はそれ以上の期間暴露された。5人の患者は、CRFの「治療の終わり」のページに最終投与日付が記録されてなく、従って彼らの受療期間は、SAPデータ取扱い規約に従って欠落とした。
6.2.1 主要有効性主要エンドポイント
主要な解析
表9は、主要有効性パラメーターの結果、ベースラインから24週まで(LOCF)のANCOVA解析を用いたHbA1cの変化、を要約する。
表10は、24週時にそれぞれHbA1c≦6.5%又は>7%の治療反応を備えた患者の比率を要約する。CMH法を用いたHbA1c応答者の解析は、リキシセナチド群とプラセボ群の間に統計的に有意な治療差を示した(p−値<.0001)。
FPG、体重、HOMA−β及びFPIのANCOVA解析は、この章に提示される。図4及び図5は、FPG及び体重のベースラインから主要24週二重盲検治療期間の長期にわたる平均(±SE)変化を図示する。FPG及び体重のベースラインから76週までの長期にわたる平均(±SE)変化は、付録の図7及び図8にそれぞれ示される。主要24週二重盲検治療期間中に救援された患者の割合は、表15に提示される。
治験全体の中で実治療期間中に観察された有害事象の概要を、表17に提供する。治療中発生有害事象(TEAE)を経験した患者の割合は、リキシセナチド群で87.9%、プラセボ群で83.2%であった。リキシセナチド群で患者の死亡は無かったが、プラセボ群で2人の患者が死亡した。1例は治療中発生の急性心筋梗塞症を有して死亡に至り、もう1例は多臓器不全による呼吸不全の後、治療後AE(末期衰弱)のため死亡した。重大なTEAEがあった患者の割合は、プラセボ群(9.3%)におけるよりも、リキシセナチド群 (7.4%)の方がより低かった。プラセボ群(7.5%)よりもリキシセナチド群の患者(9.3%)が、高い割合で、治療中止に至るTEAEを経験した。表18、表19、及び表20は、死亡に至るTEAE,重大なTEAE,及び治療中止に至るTEAEを、それぞれ主要SOC、HLGT、HLT、及びPT別に要約する。最も一般的な治療中止に至るTEAEは、リキシセナチド群では吐き気(6例[1.9%])であったが、一方プラセボ群では吐き気のために治療を中止した患者はなかった。
た。
Claims (18)
- 2型糖尿病患者の血糖コントロールに使用するための組合せ医薬であって、該組合せ医薬が、
(a)desPro36エキセンジン−4(1−39)−Lys6−NH2又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩、及び
(b)グリタゾン又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩、
を含んでなる、上記組合せ医薬。 - 請求項1に記載の組合せ医薬であって、さらに
(c)メトホルミン又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩を含んでなる、上記組合せ医薬。 - メトホルミン又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩は、経口投与用に調製される、請求項2に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が肥満である、請求項1又は2に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が少なくとも30kg/m2の肥満度指数を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が成人患者である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が抗糖尿病治療を受けていない、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者において、治療開始の少なくとも1年前又は少なくとも2年前に2型糖尿病と診断されていた、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が、約7%〜約10%のHbA1c値を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が、少なくとも8mmol/Lの空腹時血漿中グルコース濃度を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 2型糖尿病患者が、少なくとも10mmol/L、少なくとも12mmol/L、又は少なくとも14mmol/Lの食後2時間血漿中グルコース濃度を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬であって、2型糖尿病の患者が、少なくとも2mmol/L、少なくとも3mmol/L、少なくとも4mmol/L、又は少なくとも5mmol/Lのグルコースエクスカーションを有し、グルコースエクスカーションは、食後2時間血漿中グルコース濃度と食事試験より30分前の血漿中グルコース濃度の差である、上記組合せ医薬。
- desPro36エキセンジン−4(1−39)−Lys6−NH2又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩が、非経口投与用に調製される、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- desPro36エキセンジン−4(1−39)−Lys6−NH2又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩が、10μg〜20μgの範囲から選択される1日用量で投与するために調製される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- グリタゾン、又は/及び薬学的に許容されるその塩が経口投与用に調製される、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- グリタゾンがピオグリタゾンである、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ医薬を、それを必要とする患者に投与することを含んでなる、2型糖尿病患者の血糖コントロールを改善するための方法。
- 患者が請求項4〜12のいずれか1項に定義される患者である、請求項17に記載の方法。
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