JP2009544716A - 肺送達のためのインスリン含有エアロゾル化可能製剤 - Google Patents
肺送達のためのインスリン含有エアロゾル化可能製剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、医薬製剤および関連する方法に関する。例えば、1つ以上の態様において、本発明は徐放製剤を含む肺送達製剤に関する。本発明の製剤はインスリン誘導体、例えばグラルギンインスリン、および薬学的に許容される賦形剤、例えば沈殿剤を含んでいてよい。いくつかの態様において、本発明はグラルギンインスリンおよび沈殿剤としての2価カチオンを含む。1つ以上の態様において、製剤は深部肺に到達すると可溶性となり、次に沈殿し得る。
ペプチド医薬製剤の投与は伝統的には注射によって行われており、これによって消化管による薬剤分解を回避する。しかし注射は一般に、注射部位の急速な不快感ならびに共通領域への反復注射によって引き起こされ得る長期組織損傷のため、望ましくないと見なされる。注射以外の他の投与経路には、経皮、経鼻、気管内および肺送達が含まれる。
いくつかの態様において本発明は、等電点(pI)約6.0〜約8.0を有するインスリン誘導体;および少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含むエアロゾル化可能製剤であって、該少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤が沈殿剤を含む製剤を提供する。
等電点約6〜約8を有する沈殿インスリン誘導体を含む粒子、および少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含んで成る医薬製剤を哺乳類に肺投与することを含み;該投与によって少なくとも約6時間血糖値が減少する方法を提供する。
本発明はさらに、複数の非限定的図面を参照して、下記のとおり本発明の説明に記載されている:
そうでないと断らない限り、化合物または成分についての言及には当該化合物または成分それ自体、ならびに他の化合物または成分との組合せ、例えば化合物の組合せを含む。
この開示において用いる用語は、そうでないと断らない限り、下記のとおり定義する。標準的な用語は、本明細書において明示的に定義しない限り、当業者によって理解される通常かつ常套の意味を有する。
いくつかの態様において、ペプチドまたはタンパク質のような薬学的活性分子の製剤を、肺組織に吸収されるように製造する。ペプチドまたはタンパク質の等電点は、この分子が正味の電荷を担持しないときのpHである。この特性に伴う現象は、ペプチドまたはタンパク質が一般的に、それらのpIに等しいpHで最も低い溶解度を有するということである。それらのpIよりも低いかまたは高いpHでは、ペプチドまたはタンパク質がより多くの電荷を担持するため溶解度が増加し、これによって溶解が促進される。結果として、溶解したペプチドまたはタンパク質を、そのpH環境をpIに変化させたとき、沈殿させることができる。したがって、生理学的pHにほぼ等しいpIを有するタンパク質は一般的に、例えば酸性溶液から投与したとき、組織内または上で沈殿し、それによって持続的に溶解しおよび吸収されるデポが形成される。
結晶構造分析は、インスリンが好適な薬剤、例えば亜鉛のような沈殿剤と、各インスリン6量体に対して2または4個の亜鉛分子の比で、錯体を形成することが示される。しかし本発明のいくつかの態様において、グラルギンインスリン−亜鉛錯体は、結晶、錯体よりもむしろ、より多くの亜鉛を含み、アモルファスを形成することがある。理論によって限定されることを意図しないが、本発明の組成物中の高含量の亜鉛(または他の沈殿剤)が上記インスリン−亜鉛結晶よりもより遙かに遅く解離する「動力学的に不可逆性の沈殿」を形成すると思われる。「動力学的に不可逆性」なる用語は、沈殿プロセスが不可逆性であるという意味ではない。むしろこれは、解離、そして続く溶解が動力学的に制御された遅いプロセスであることを意味する。
本明細書に記載のとおり、いくつかの態様において、pI約6〜約8を有するインスリン誘導体を製剤で肺に投与して、肺組織に到達したとき製剤の沈殿を生じる。この態様において、製剤は一般的に液体または固体製剤である。
グラルギンインスリンが等電点6.7を有し、そして遠位肺に到達したときある程度の製剤の初期溶解が望ましいことに鑑みて、本発明の組成物はさらに1種以上の緩衝化またはpH調節もしくは制御剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの剤は一般的に、有機酸または塩基から製造される塩である。代表的なバッファーには、クエン酸、アスコルビン酸、グルコン酸、炭酸、酒石酸、コハク酸、酢酸またはフタル酸のような有機酸塩、Tris、塩酸トロメタミン、またはリン酸バッファーが含まれる。緩衝化能をも有し得る好適なアミノ酸は、アラニン、グリシン、アルギニン、ベタイン、ヒスチジン、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、システイン、リシン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、バリン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、アスパルテーム、チロシン、トリプトファン等を含む。
本発明のいくつかの態様は、肺送達のために設計された乾燥製剤である。本発明のいくつかの態様は、所望の物理的特性を最終生成物に与え、さらに処置される対象に望ましいまたは改善された作用を与えるために設計される賦形剤を含む。したがって、本発明の組成物は、患者に、とりわけ患者の肺に対して顕著に有害な毒性効果を有さずに肺に取り込まれ得る薬学的に許容される希釈剤または担体を含んでいてもよい。
本発明のいくつかの態様は乾燥製剤であり、組成物のガラス転移温度を安定化スル成分の添加が遊離であり得ることがある。いくつかの態様において、この組成物はグラルギンインスリンよりも高いガラス転移温度を有する。いくつかの態様において、賦形剤は示差走査熱量測定(DSC)で測定したとき、約35℃以上、例えば約40℃以上、約45℃以上、約55℃以上、約60℃以上、約65℃以上、約70℃以上、75℃以上、約80℃以上、約85℃以上、または約90℃以上のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有し得る。
本明細書に記載の組成物は、(例えば本発明の粒子を含む)粉末形態であってよいか、あるいは流動性の液体であり得る。液体製剤は好ましくは、活性薬剤が溶媒(例えば水、エタノール、エタノール−水、食塩水)に溶解しており、コロイド状懸濁液はあまり好ましくない。液体製剤はまた、グラルギンインスリンの低沸点プロペラント溶液または懸濁液であり得る。
本発明の1個以上の態様の組成物は、当業者に既知かつ利用可能な様々な方法および技術によって製造することができる。
単位用量医薬組成物は容器中に含まれる。容器の例には、限定されないが、金属、ポリマー(例えばプラスチック、エラストマー)、ガラス等から製造したカプセル、ブリスター、バイアル、アンプルまたは容器密封システムが含まれる。
本発明の1種以上の態様の組成物を、当業者に既知であり入手可能な様々な方法および技術のいずれかによって投与することができる。
本発明の組成物は、製剤中の薬理学的に活性な化合物の投与に応答性であるあらゆる状態の処置または予防のために、哺乳類対象に治療上有効量で肺送達するとき、有用である。例えば、薬理学的に活性な化合物がグラルギンインスリンであるとき、処置する状態は糖尿病であり得る。したがって例えば、本発明は糖尿病の処置における使用を見出す。
実施例1: Sprague-Dawleyラットへの気管内注入投与によるインスリングラルギンの用量範囲の発見
この実施例はラットに気管内注入により投与したとき、目標血糖減少を達成するのに必要なインスリングラルギンの用量を評価する。
LANTUS(R)インスリングラルギン(Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kansas City, MO [lot # 4OD 058])は通常のインスリンよりも長期間活性を有する(ヒトにおいて24時間まで)組換えヒトインスリンアナログであり;これはA21位でアミノ酸アスパラギンがグリシンに置換されており、2個のアルギニンがB鎖のC末端に付加されている点でヒトインスリンとは異なる(分子量6063Dalton)。インスリングラルギンを気管内投与のために再製剤した。
表2は個体の体重および平均体重を示す。表3は個体の血糖濃度および平均血糖濃度を示す。
低血糖のため、動物3-2を投与後413分で安楽死させた
低血糖のため、動物4-1を投与後615分で安楽死させた
低血糖のため、動物4-2を投与後244分で安楽死させた
低血糖のため、動物5-1を投与後224分で安楽死させた
低血糖のため、動物5-2を投与後220分で安楽死させた
この用量範囲探索試験において、80〜320μg/動物が目標血糖抑制を達成し、ときにそれを超えるのに十分な用量であると考えられる(図6)。640および960μg/動物では一貫して低血糖が生じた(20mg/dLの血糖濃度)。80〜320μg IT用量によって下記平均最低血糖レベルおよび時間が得られた:
この実施例は、ラットに気管内注入投与したときのインスリングラルギンの薬物動態/薬力学(PK/PD)を示す。
LANTUS(R)インスリングラルギン(Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kansas City, MO [lot # 4OD 058])は通常のインスリンよりも長期間活性を有する(ヒトにおいて24時間まで)組換えヒトインスリンアナログであり;これはA21位でアミノ酸アスパラギンがグリシンに置換されており、2個のアルギニンがB鎖のC末端に付加されている点でヒトインスリンとは異なる(分子量6063Dalton)。インスリングラルギンを中性pHで低水溶性を有するように設計した。pH4で、LANTUS(R)注射液と同様に、これは完全に溶解する。注射の皮下部位の中性pH環境において、少量のインスリングラルギンがゆっくりと放出されて延長された活性プロファイルをもたらすマイクロ沈殿物が形成される。
上記実施例1から決定したこの完全PK/PD試験のために選択された用量160μgでは、投与後2.3±0.4時間で48±16mg/dLの平均最低血糖値がもたらされた(表8)。図8に示すように、平均血糖濃度は目標値40〜60mg/dLで、約1時間で作用が開始され、投与後4時間まで抑制した。
20%グラルギンインスリン製剤の4ヶ月および6.5ヶ月保存の、そして90%グラルギンインスリン製剤の2ヶ月保存の化学的安定性を試験した。
エアロゾルパフォーマンスを米国特許第6,257,233号(出典明示によりその全体について本明細書の一部とする)に記載のとおり、Andersen Cascade Impactorと接続して下記表11に示す条件下でPulmonary Delivery System (PDS)を用いて測定した。表11は4時間保存後の20%製剤のエアロゾル試験結果、および1.5ヶ月保存後の90%製剤の結果も示す。両製剤とも良好なエアロゾルパフォーマンスを有することが示されている。
図10〜13はインスリングラルギン製剤のSEM(走査電子顕微鏡)結果である。20%製剤は90%製剤よりもしわが寄っている。両製剤とも表11に示すように、PDSデバイスで高い分散性である。
TGA(熱重量分析)を用いてインスリングラルギン製剤中の揮発成分含量を測定した。温度を100℃まで変化させたとき、揮発成分含量は20%製剤について1.782%、90%製剤について6.275%であった。図14および15は結果を示す。
インスリングラルギン製剤を水中で再構成し、元のグラルギン濃度として下記表12に記載のとおり様々な濃度とした。リン酸バッファー(200mM、pH7.4)を該溶液に加えて、最終リン酸濃度20mMとした。インスリングラルギンが中和溶液中で沈殿した。上清のインスリングラルギン濃度を逆相HPLCで分析した。結果を表12ならびに図16および図17にに示す。
Claims (34)
- 等電点(pI)約6.0〜8.0を有するインスリン誘導体;および
少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤;
を含んで成るエアロゾル化可能製剤:
ここで当該少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤は沈殿剤を含む。 - インスリン誘導体がグラルギンインスリンである、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 沈殿剤とインスリン誘導体がモル比(沈殿剤:インスリン誘導体)約1:3〜約5:1を有する、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 沈殿剤とインスリン誘導体がモル比(沈殿剤:インスリン誘導体)約5:3を有する、請求項3のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 沈殿剤がカチオンを含む、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- カチオンが2価カチオンを含む、請求項5のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 2価カチオンが亜鉛、銅、コバルト、鉄、マグネシウム、バナジウム、カドミウム、マグネシウム、カルシウムおよびバリウムの少なくとも1種である、請求項6のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤が乾燥製剤改善賦形剤である、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥製剤改善賦形剤がロイシン、ジロイシンおよびトリロイシンから選択される、請求項8のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤がガラス転移安定化賦形剤である、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- ガラス転移安定化賦形剤が単糖類、二糖類、多糖類およびアルジトールから選択される、請求項10のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 沈殿剤が緩衝化剤を含む、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- インスリン誘導体が約20重量%〜約99重量%の量で存在する、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- pIが約6.5〜約7.5である、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- インスリンおよび異なる等電点を有するさらなるインスリン誘導体から選択されるメンバーをさらに含む、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 製剤が質量中央径(MMD)30μm未満を有する粒子を含む乾燥粉末製剤を含んで成る、請求項1のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末製剤がMMD15μm未満を有する粒子を含む、請求項16のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末製剤がMMD10μm未満を有する粒子を含む、請求項17のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末製剤がMMD5μm未満を有する粒子を含む、請求項18のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末が空気動力学的質量中央粒子径(MMAD)10μm未満を有する粒子を含む、請求項16のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末製剤がMMAD5μm未満を有する粒子を含む、請求項20のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末製剤がMMAD3μm未満を有する粒子を含む、請求項21のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 乾燥粉末製剤が粉体表面積約6m2/g〜約13m2/gを有する粒子を含んで成る、請求項16のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 粉体表面積約7m2/g〜約10m2/gである、請求項23のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- エアロゾル製剤の製造方法であって:
等電点(pI)約6〜約8を有するインスリン誘導体、および薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含んで成る溶液を製造し;そして
薬学的に許容されるバッファーを加えて溶液のpHを約3〜約6とする
ことを含む方法。 - 溶液のpHが約3.5〜4.5の範囲である、請求項25の方法。
- 溶液をスプレー乾燥させて乾燥粉末製剤を形成させることをさらに含む、請求項25のエアロゾル化可能製剤。
- 哺乳類の血糖値を減少させる方法であって:
等電点(pI)約6〜約8を有するインスリン誘導体の粒子、および薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含んで成る医薬製剤を哺乳類に肺投与することを含み、該投与によって少なくとも約6時間血糖値が減少する、方法。 - 投与によって少なくとも約7時間血糖値が減少する、請求項28の方法。
- 投与によって少なくとも約8時間血糖値が減少する、請求項29の方法。
- 投与されたインスリン誘導体の少なくとも約75%が投与の2時間後に肺に存在する、請求項28の方法。
- 哺乳類の血糖値を減少させる方法であって:
等電点(pI)約6〜約8を有するインスリン誘導体の溶液、および少なくとも1種の沈殿剤を含んで成る吸入用医薬製剤を哺乳類に肺投与することを含み、肺組織との接触によってインスリン誘導体の少なくとも一部が沈殿し、インスリン誘導体の少なくとも一部が吸収されて血糖値の初期減少をもたらし、沈殿したインスリン誘導体が少なくとも約6時間にわたって吸収され;そして血糖値の減少が少なくとも約6時間維持される、方法。 - グラルギンインスリン、亜鉛、ロイシンおよびトレハロースを含む空気動力学的質量中央粒子径10μm未満を有する粒子を含んで成る、吸入用医薬製剤。
- 哺乳類の血糖値を減少させる方法であって:
等電点(pI)約6〜約8を有する沈殿インスリン誘導体を含む粒子、および少なくとも1種の薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含んで成る医薬製剤を哺乳類に肺投与することを含み;投与によって少なくとも約6時間血糖値が減少する、方法。
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US83373106P | 2006-07-27 | 2006-07-27 | |
PCT/US2007/016903 WO2008013938A2 (en) | 2006-07-27 | 2007-07-27 | Aerosolizable formulation comprising insulin for pulmonary delivery |
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JP2009544716A5 JP2009544716A5 (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
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US (1) | US8900555B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2076242B8 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2008013938A2 (ja) |
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WO2008013938A3 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
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US20100055049A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
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US8900555B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 |
EP2076242B1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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