CN112004563A - 血管内血泵以及使用和制造方法 - Google Patents

血管内血泵以及使用和制造方法 Download PDF

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CN112004563A
CN112004563A CN201980023571.8A CN201980023571A CN112004563A CN 112004563 A CN112004563 A CN 112004563A CN 201980023571 A CN201980023571 A CN 201980023571A CN 112004563 A CN112004563 A CN 112004563A
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impeller
proximal
blood pump
distal
constant diameter
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CN112004563B (zh
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A·萨拉希
T·索尔
B·埃施
A·科洛
D·希尔德布兰德
D·瓦加伊
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Shifamed Holdings LLC
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/13Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel by means of a catheter allowing explantation, e.g. catheter pumps temporarily introduced via the vascular system
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    • A61M60/126Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
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    • A61M60/126Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/135Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel inside a blood vessel, e.g. using grafting
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    • A61M60/10Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/135Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel inside a blood vessel, e.g. using grafting
    • A61M60/139Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel inside a blood vessel, e.g. using grafting inside the aorta, e.g. intra-aortic balloon pumps
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    • A61M60/165Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/17Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart inside a ventricle, e.g. intraventricular balloon pumps
    • A61M60/174Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart inside a ventricle, e.g. intraventricular balloon pumps discharging the blood to the ventricle or arterial system via a cannula internal to the ventricle or arterial system
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    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20Type thereof
    • A61M60/205Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M60/20Type thereof
    • A61M60/205Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/237Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
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    • A61M60/40Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/408Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
    • A61M60/411Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/414Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor transmitted by a rotating cable, e.g. for blood pumps mounted on a catheter
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    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804Impellers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804Impellers
    • A61M60/806Vanes or blades
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804Impellers
    • A61M60/806Vanes or blades
    • A61M60/808Vanes or blades specially adapted for deformable impellers, e.g. expandable impellers
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/81Pump housings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818Bearings
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    • A61M60/857Implantable blood tubes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
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    • A61M60/865Devices for guiding or inserting pumps or pumping devices into the patient's body
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

用于使患者体内的血液运动的装置,以及用于使患者体内的血液运动的方法。所述装置可以包括泵部分,所述泵部分包括叶轮和围绕所述叶轮的壳体、以及流体腔。所述叶轮可以被激活以使得叶轮旋转从而使流体腔内的流体运动。

Description

血管内血泵以及使用和制造方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求以下美国临时专利申请的优先权,其公开通过引用出于所有目的全部并入本文:2018年1月2日提交的申请No.62/625,312。
通过引用并入
本说明书中提及的所有公开文献和专利申请以引用的方式并入本文,其程度等同于每个单独的公开文献或专利申请被具体地和单独地指示以引用方式并入。
背景技术
有心脏病的患者可能会严重损害驱动血流通过心脏和血管系统的能力,例如在矫正手术过程(比如球囊血管成形术和支架递送)期间存在重大风险。需要为这些患者改善(尤其是矫正手术过程期间)心出流的体积或稳定性的方法。
主动脉内气囊泵(IABP)通常用于支持循环功能,比如治疗心力衰竭患者。IABP的用途通常是治疗心力衰竭患者,比如在高危经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(HRPCI)期间支持患者、稳定心源性休克后的患者血流、治疗与急性心肌梗死(AMI)相关的患者或者治疗失代偿性心力衰竭。这样的循环支持可以单独使用或与药物治疗一起使用。
IABP通常通过放置在主动脉内并随着心脏收缩以反搏的方式充气和放气而起作用,其功能之一是试图为循环系统提供额外的支持。
最近,已开发出微创旋转式血泵,可以将其与心血管系统相关地插入体内,比如将动脉血从左心室泵入主动脉,以增加患者心脏左侧的天然血液泵送能力。另一已知方法是将静脉血从右心室泵送到肺动脉,以增加患者心脏右侧的天然血液泵送能力。总体目标是减少患者心肌上的工作载荷以稳定患者,比如在可能给心脏施加额外应力的医疗过程中,在心脏移植之前稳定患者或为患者提供持续支持。
目前可用的最小旋转式血泵可以通过管路护套(从而无需手术干预)或通过血管管路移植被经皮插入患者的血管系统。这种类型的装置的描述是经皮插入的心室支持装置。
需要对用于治疗受损心脏血流的心室支持装置和类似血泵领域提供其他改进。
发明内容
本发明一般地涉及诸如血泵的血管内流体运动装置,以及它们的使用和制造方法。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠(collapsible)壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端、近端、和具有近端的直径基本恒定部分,其中所述流体腔的近端靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,其中所述近侧叶轮在所述扩展配置中具有轴向长度,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分被布置在所述直径基本恒定部分中,并且沿着所述轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,所述近侧叶轮(轴向长度)的至少20%且最高达至90%靠近所述直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%、可选地最高达至叶轮的35%、可选地最高达至叶轮的30%、可选地最高达至叶轮的25%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少25%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少30%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少35%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少40%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少45%和最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少50%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少55%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少60%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少65%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少70%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少75%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%,靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少80%且最高达至90%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%靠近直径恒定部分的近端布置。
所述近侧叶轮的一部分可以在所述近侧叶轮处于扩展配置时比所述流体腔的近端进一步向近侧延伸。
所述流体腔还可以包括靠近所述直径基本恒定部分布置的近侧部分,所述近侧部分包括适于且被配置为充当流体扩散器的至少一个表面。所述近侧部分可以包括扩张配置。所述近侧部分可以具有从所述直径基本恒定部分的近端至所述流体腔的近端的连续且逐渐的扩张。所述近侧部分可以具有本文公开的任何其他近侧部分配置。
所述可折叠壳体可以包括联接至可折叠膜的可折叠支撑结构。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端和近侧扩张区域,所述近侧扩张区域具有靠近所述流体腔的远端的远端,所述近侧扩张区域包括适于且被配置为充当流体扩散器的至少一个表面;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分远离所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置,其中所述近侧叶轮在所述扩展配置中具有轴向长度,并且沿着所述轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,所述近侧叶轮(轴向长度)的至少20%且最高达至90%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%、可选地最高达至叶轮的35%、可选地最高达至叶轮的30%、可选地最高达至叶轮的25%,靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少25%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少30%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少35%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少40%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少45%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少50%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少55%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少60%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少65%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少70%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少75%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%,靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮(轴向测量)的至少80%且最高达至90%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%靠近近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
所述近侧叶轮的一部分可以在所述近侧叶轮处于扩展配置时比所述流体腔的近端进一步向近侧延伸。
所述流体腔还可以包括远离所述近侧扩张区域布置的直径基本恒定部分。
所述近侧扩张区域可以具有从所述扩张区域的远端至所述流体腔的近端的连续且逐渐的扩张。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端、近端、和具有近端的直径基本恒定部分;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分被布置在所述直径基本恒定部分中,其中所述近侧叶轮在所述扩展配置中具有轴向长度、以及在所述轴向长度的一半上的中点,其中所述中点靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端和近端;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,并且所述近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮中的每一个的至少一部分被布置在所述流体腔的远端与近端之间,其中所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于它们的扩展配置并且在旋转时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以下。
所述血泵可以包括这里所包括的任何其他血泵特征,诸如,近侧叶轮相对于流体腔的相对轴向位置。
所述血泵可以不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的翼片。
所述血泵可以不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的定子叶片。
沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一半可以靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一半可以被布置在所述流体腔的近侧扩张区域中。
近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的55%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的45%以下。
近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的60%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的40%以下。
近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的70%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的30%以下。
近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的80%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的20%以下。
本发明的一个方面是一种在受试者中在血管内泵送血液的方法,包括:将泵壳体流体腔第一端定位在第一解剖位置(例如,左心室)中;将所述血泵的远侧叶轮定位在所述第一解剖位置中;将所述血泵的近侧叶轮定位在第二解剖位置(例如,升主动脉)中;将泵壳体流体腔第二端定位在所述第二解剖位置中;将所述流体腔的中心区域的至少一部分跨越组织(例如,主动脉瓣)定位,在定位于所述第一解剖区域中的所述流体腔第一端与定位于所述第二解剖位置中的所述流体腔第二端之间建立流动路径,使得所述远侧叶轮和所述近侧叶轮可泵送血液通过所述流体腔。
所述方法可以包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以下。
所述旋转步骤可以包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的60%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的40%以下。
所述旋转步骤可以包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的70%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的30%以下。
所述旋转步骤可以包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的75%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的25%以下。
所述旋转步骤可以包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的80%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的20%以下。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端和近端;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述远侧叶轮和所述近侧叶轮中的每一个的至少一部分被布置在所述流体腔的远端与近端之间,其中所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于它们的扩展配置并且在旋转时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生由所述血泵产生的压力的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生由所述血泵的血泵产生的压力的50%以下。
所述血泵可以不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的翼片。
所述血泵可以不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的定子叶片。
所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的55%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的45%以下。
所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的60%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的40%以下。
所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的70%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的30%以下。
所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮可以在处于它们的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的大约80%而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的大约20%。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端、近端、和具有近端的直径基本恒定部分,其中所述流体腔的近端靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分被布置在所述直径基本恒定部分中,其中所述近侧叶轮在所述扩展配置中具有轴向长度。
这里的血泵的任何其他特征可以结合在该方面中。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,包括:可折叠壳体,其包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端、近端、和具有腔壁配置的近侧区域,所述近侧区域包括所述近端;可折叠远侧叶轮,其与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分远离所述流体腔的近侧区域布置;其中所述近侧叶轮具有带有表面的至少一个叶片,所述至少一个叶片的表面和所述腔壁被配置为使得:如果所述近侧叶轮相对于初始位置向近侧被移动至少2mm使得较少的所述近侧叶轮远离所述流体腔的近侧区域布置,则所述近侧叶轮的轴向位置的变化导致至少10%的流量。
本发明包括制造本文中的任何和全部血泵的方法。
本发明包括使用本文中的任何和全部血泵的方法,其示例在本文中提供在一些示例性解剖位置中。
本文所述的近侧叶轮与远侧叶轮之间的任何轴向间隔可以被应用于任何本文实施例,包括权利要求书、具体实施方式或发明内容部分中的任何实施例。
附图说明
图1是包括导管、多个叶轮、可扩展构件的示例性工作部分的侧视图。
图2是包括导管、多个叶轮和多个可扩展构件的示例性工作部分的侧视图。
图3A、图3B、图3C和图3D示出包括导管、多个叶轮和多个可扩展构件的示例性工作部分。
图4示出工作部分的示例性放置,工作部分包括导管、多个可扩展构件和多个叶轮。
图5示出示例性工作部分。
图6A示出具有泵部分的示例性医疗装置的至少一部分,其中至少两个不同的叶轮可以以不同的速度旋转。
图6B示出具有泵部分的示例性医疗装置的至少一部分,其中至少两个不同的叶轮可以以不同的速度旋转。
图6C示出示例性医疗装置的至少一部分,该示例性医疗装置具有泵部分,泵部分带有节距不同的至少两个叶轮。
图7示出具有泵部分的示例性医疗装置的至少一部分。
图8示出具有多个叶轮的泵部分,在相邻的叶轮之间在其中形成有弯曲部。
图9示出具有多个叶轮的泵部分。
图10是示例性泵部分的一部分的侧视图。
图11A、图11B、图11C、图11D和图11E示出本文更详细描述的示例性测试。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及医疗装置、系统、以及使用和制造方法。本文的医疗装置可以包括适于布置在生理血管内的远侧工作部分,其中远侧工作部分包括作用于流体的一个或多个部件。例如,本文的远侧工作部分可以包括一个或多个旋转构件,该旋转构件在旋转时可以促进诸如血液的流体的运动。
本文中与系统、装置或使用方法的方面有关的任何公开可以与本文中任何其他合适的公开合并。例如,即使在本发明的一个或两个部分的描述中没有具体说明,也可以将仅描述装置或方法的一个方面的图包括在其他实施例中。因此,应当理解,除非另外明确指出,否则本发明的不同部分的组合均包括在本文中。
图1是示出包括泵部分1600的示例性血管内流体泵的远侧部分的侧视图,其中,泵部分1600包括近侧叶轮1606和远侧叶轮1616,这两者均与驱动缆线1612可操作地连通。泵部分1600在图1中处于扩展配置,但适于折叠成递送配置,以便其可以以较小外形进行递送。叶轮可以附接到驱动缆线1612。驱动缆线1612与外部电动机(未示出)可操作地连通,并延伸通过细长轴1610。除非相反指出,否则短语“泵部分”和“工作部分”(或其派生词)在本文中可以互换使用。例如但不限于,“泵部分”1600在本文中也可以称为“工作部分”。
泵部分1600还包括可扩展构件1602,在该实施例中,可扩展构件1602具有比近侧叶轮1606的近端更向近侧延伸的近端1620、和比远侧叶轮1616的远端1614更向远侧延伸的远端1608。可扩展构件1602沿着叶轮的轴向长度布置在叶轮的径向外侧。可扩展构件1602可以以与医学领域中已知的能够折叠和扩展的许多类型的可扩展结构(本文中提供了其示例)类似的方式构造并且由类似材料制成。合适材料的例子包括但不限于聚氨酯和聚氨酯弹性体。
泵部分1600还包括导管1604,其联接到可扩展构件1602,长度为L,并且在叶轮之间轴向延伸。导管1604在两个叶轮之间产生并提供流体腔。在使用时,流体运动通过由导管1604提供的内腔。本文的导管是不可渗透的、或者它们可以是半渗透的、或者甚至是多孔的,只要导管仍然可以限定内腔即可。除非另外指出,否则本文的导管也是柔性的。本文的导管完全地(即,360度)围绕泵部分的至少一部分延伸。在泵部分1600中,导管完全地围绕可扩展构件1602延伸,但并未一直延伸到可扩展构件1602的近端1602或远端1608。可扩展构件的结构产生允许入流“I”的至少一个入口孔和允许出流“O”的至少一个出流孔。与没有导管的工作部分1600相比,导管1604改善了叶轮泵送动力。
可扩展构件1602可以具有多种构造,并且可以由多种材料制成。例如,可扩展构件1602可以与可扩展支架或支架状装置或本文提供的任何其他示例类似地形成。例如但不限于,尽管可以使用更多或更少的编织线材,但是可扩展构件1602可以具有诸如24端编织物之类的开放编织结构。可扩展构件的示例性材料包括镍钛诺、钴合金和聚合物,但是也可以使用其他材料。如图所示,可扩展构件1602具有扩展配置,其中可扩展构件的外部尺寸(相对于工作部分的纵向轴线正交地测量)在至少其被径向布置在叶轮外侧的区域中比在可扩展构件1622的在叶轮之间轴向延伸的中心区域1622中大。在该实施例中,驱动缆线1612与纵向轴线同轴。在使用中,中心区域可以跨瓣膜(比如,主动脉瓣)放置。在一些实施例中,可扩展构件1602适于并构造成扩展至叶轮轴向地在可扩展构件内的最外尺寸12-24F(4.0-8.0mm),以及至叶轮之间的中心区域1622中的最外尺寸10-20F(3.3-6.7mm)。较小的中心区域外部尺寸可以减小作用在瓣膜上的力,其可以减少或最小化对瓣膜的损坏。叶轮的区域中的可扩展构件的较大尺寸可以在使用时帮助轴向地稳定工作部分。可扩展构件1602具有大体哑铃的配置。可扩展构件1602具有在其从叶轮区域过渡到中心区域1622时渐缩并且在可扩展构件1602的远端和近端处也渐缩的外部配置。
可扩展构件1602具有联接至轴1610的近端1620和联接至远侧末端1624的远端1608。叶轮和驱动缆线1612在可扩展构件和导管组件内旋转。驱动缆线1612相对于远侧末端1624被轴向地稳定,但是相对于末端1624自由旋转。
在一些实施例中,可扩展构件1602可以通过在可扩展构件上从一端到另一端的拉力来折叠。这可以包括线性运动(比如,例如但不限于5-20mm的行程)以将可扩展构件1602轴向地延伸至具有折叠的外部尺寸的折叠配置。也可以通过在可扩展构件/导管组件上推动诸如护套之类的外轴来使可扩展构件1602折叠,使可扩展构件和导管折叠至其折叠递送配置。
叶轮1606和1616还适于并构造成使得一个或多个叶片将拉伸或径向压缩至减小的最外尺寸(正交于工作部分的纵向轴线测量)。例如但不限于,本文的任何叶轮均可以包括一个或多个由具有弹簧特性的塑料配方制成的叶片,比如美国专利No.7,393,181中描述的任何叶轮,其公开出于所有目的被并入本文并可以并入本文的实施例中,除非本发明具有相反指示。替代地,例如,一个或多个可折叠叶轮可以包括超弹性线材框架,其具有充当跨越线材框架的带子的聚合物或其他材料,比如在美国专利No.6,533,716中所描述的那些,其公开出于所有目的通过引用合并于此。
实际上,工作部分1600的入流和/或出流配置可以大部分是轴向的。
折叠和扩展医疗装置的示例性入套和出套技术以及构思是已知的,比如,例如在美国专利No.7,841,976或美国专利No.8,052,749中描述和示出的那些,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
图2是示出流体运动系统的示例性实施例的远侧部分的展开配置(体外示出)的侧视图。示例性系统1100包括工作部分1104(如本文所述,其也可以在本文中被称为泵部分)和从工作部分1104延伸的细长部分1106。细长部分1106可以延伸到系统的更近侧区域(为清楚起见未显示),并且可以包括例如电动机。工作部分1104包括沿工作部分1104的纵向轴线LA轴向地间隔开的第一可扩展构件1108和第二可扩展构件1110。轴向地间隔开在此上下文中是指整个第一可扩展构件与整个第二可扩展构件沿着工作部分1104的纵向轴线LA轴向地间隔开。第一可扩展构件1108的第一端1122与第二可扩展构件1110的第一端1124轴向地间隔开。
第一和第二可扩展构件1108和1110通常各自包括相对于彼此布置的多个细长段,以限定多个孔1130,在第二可扩展构件1110中仅标记了一个孔。可扩展构件可以具有各种各样的配置并且可以以各种方式构造,比如,在例如但不限于美国专利No.7,841,976中的配置或构造或者No.6,533,716中的管子(其被描述为一种自扩展金属内假体材料)中的任一个。例如但不限于,可扩展构件中的一个或两者可以具有编织构造,或者可以至少部分地通过激光切割管状元件而形成。
工作部分1104还包括导管1112,该导管1112联接至第一可扩展构件1108和第二可扩展构件1110,并且在展开配置中在第一可扩展构件1108与第二可扩展构件1110之间轴向延伸。导管1112的中心区域1113横跨其中工作部分没有第一可扩展构件1108和第二可扩展构件1110的轴向距离1132。中心区域1113可被认为是轴向地在可扩展构件之间。导管1112的远端1126没有向远侧延伸到如第二可扩展构件1110的远端1125那么远,并且导管1128的近端没有向近侧延伸到如第一可扩展构件1108的近端1121那么远。
当本发明在本文中涉及导管联接至可扩展构件时,该上下文中术语联接不要求导管直接附接至可扩展构件,使得导管物理地接触可扩展构件。但是,即使未直接附接,该上下文中的术语联接指的是导管和可扩展构件连接在一起,使得随着可扩展构件扩展或折叠,导管也开始转变为不同的配置和/或尺寸。因此,该上下文中的联接是指当与其联接的可扩展构件在扩展配置与折叠配置之间转变时将会运动的导管。
本文中的任何导管都可以在一定程度上变形。例如,导管1112包括细长构件1120,该细长构件1120可以由这样的一种或多种材料制成:该材料允许导管的中心区域1113对例如在使用中当工作部分1104向图2所示的配置展开时来自瓣膜组织(例如,小叶)或替换瓣膜的力作出响应而在径向上向内(朝向LA)变形到一定程度。在一些实施例中,导管可以在可扩展构件之间紧紧地拉伸。替代地,导管可以被设计为具有松度,从而导致更大程度的顺应性。这在工作部分跨越易碎结构(比如,主动脉瓣)布置时会是理想的,这可以允许瓣膜以使得瓣膜中的点应力最小化的方式压缩导管。在一些实施例中,导管可以包括附接到近侧和远侧可扩展构件的膜。可用于本文中的任何导管的示例性材料包括但不限于聚氨酯橡胶、硅橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶、膨化聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,包括其任意组合。
本文中的任何导管的厚度可以为例如.5至20千分之一英寸(thou),例如1至15thou、或1.5至15thou、1.5至10thou、或2至10thou。
本文中的任何导管或导管的至少一部分可以是血液不可渗透的。在图2中,工作部分1104包括从导管1112的远端1126延伸并延伸到导管1112的近端1128的内腔。该内腔由中心区域1113中的导管1112限定,但是可以认为由导管和可扩展构件的在轴向上与中心区域1113邻近的区域中的部分这两者限定。然而,在该实施例中,是导管材料导致了内腔存在并防止血液通过导管。
除非有相反的指示,否则本文中固定至一个或多个可扩展构件的任何导管都可以被固定为使得导管径向地布置在一个或多个可扩展构件的外部、径向地布置在一个或多个可扩展构件的内部、或两者兼而有之,并且可扩展构件可以以导管材料浸渍。
近侧和远侧可扩展构件有助于将导管保持在打开配置以产生内腔,同时每个构件还为叶轮产生工作环境,如下文所述。当处于展开配置时,每个可扩展构件相对于各自的叶轮保持间隔开的关系,这允许叶轮在可扩展构件内旋转而不接触可扩展构件。工作部分1104包括第一叶轮1116和第二叶轮1118,其中第一叶轮1116径向地布置在第一可扩展构件1108内,第二叶轮1118径向地布置在第二可扩展构件1110内。在该实施例中,两个叶轮即使是分开且单独的叶轮,也与共同的驱动机构(例如,驱动缆线1117)可操作地连通,使得在驱动机构被激活时,两个叶轮一起旋转。在这种展开配置中,叶轮1116和1118沿着纵向轴线LA轴向地间隔开,正如可扩展构件1108和1110轴向地间隔开一样。
叶轮1116和1118也分别轴向地位于可扩展构件1108和1110的端部内(除了径向地位于可扩展构件1108和1110内以外)。即使可扩展构件包括从可扩展构件的中心区域朝向工作部分的纵向轴线延伸的支柱(例如,在侧视图中为锥形支柱),本文的叶轮也可以被认为是轴向位于可扩展构件内。在图2中,第二可扩展构件1110从第一端1124(近端)延伸到第二端1125(远端)。
在图2中,叶轮1118的远侧部分向远侧延伸超过导管1112的远端1126,并且叶轮1116的近侧部分向近侧延伸超过导管1112的近端1128。在该图中,每个叶轮的各部分在该展开配置中轴向地位于导管内。
在图2所示的示例性实施例中,叶轮1116和1118与共同的驱动机构1117可操作地连通,并且在该实施例中,叶轮均联接至驱动机构1117,驱动机构1117延伸通过轴1119和工作部分1104。例如,驱动机构1117可以是细长的驱动缆线,该细长驱动缆线在旋转时导致叶轮旋转。在该示例中,如图所示,驱动机构1117延伸到远侧末端1114并相对于远侧末端1114轴向固定,尽管它在被致动时适于相对于远侧末端1114旋转。因此,在本实施例中,当驱动机构旋转时,叶轮和驱动机构1117一起旋转。可以使用任何数量的已知机构来旋转驱动机构,比如利用电动机(例如,外部电动机)。
可扩展构件和导管与叶轮和驱动机构没有可旋转操作地连通。在该实施例中,近侧可扩展构件1108的近端1121联接到轴1119,轴1119可以是细长部分1106的轴(例如,外部导液管轴)。近侧可扩展构件1108的远端1122联接到中心管状构件1133,驱动机构1117穿过该中心管状构件延伸。中心管状构件1133从导管1112内的近侧可扩展构件1108向远侧延伸,并且还联接至远侧可扩展构件1110的近端1124。驱动机构1117因此在中心管状构件1133内并相对于中心管状构件1133旋转。中心管状构件1133从近侧可扩展构件1108轴向延伸至远侧可扩展构件1110。远侧可扩展构件1110的远端1125联接至远侧末端1114,如图所示。驱动机构1117适于相对于末端1114旋转,但相对于末端1114轴向固定。
工作部分1104适于并配置为折叠成比其展开配置(图2所示)小的外形。与工作部分1104都不是可折叠的情况所需要的相比,这允许使用较小外形的递送装置(较小的法国尺码(French size))进行递送。即使本文未特别说明,任何可扩展构件和叶轮也可以适于和配置为在某种程度上可折叠成较小的递送配置。
可以使用常规技术,例如利用相对于工作部分可动的外部护套(例如,通过使护套和工作部分中的一个或两者轴向地运动),来将本文的工作部分折叠成折叠的递送配置。例如但不限于,以下参考文献中所示的任何系统、装置或方法都可以用来促进本文的工作部分的折叠:美国专利No.7,841,976或美国专利No.8,052,749,其公开内容出于所有目的通过引用合并于此。
图3A-图3E示出在某种程度上与图2中所示的工作部分类似的示例性工作部分。工作部分340与工作部分1104类似之处在于包括当工作部分扩展时彼此轴向间隔开的两个可扩展构件以及在两个可扩展构件之间延伸的导管。图3A是透视图,图3B是侧面剖视图,图3C和图3D是图3B中的视图的截面的特写侧面剖视图。
工作部分340包括近侧叶轮341和远侧叶轮342,其联接至驱动缆线并且与驱动缆线可操作地连通,驱动缆线中限定了内腔。内腔的尺寸可以设置成容纳导丝,导丝可以用于将工作部分递送至期望位置。在该实施例中,驱动缆线包括第一区段362(例如,缠绕材料)、联接近侧叶轮341的第二区段348(例如,管状构件)、第三区段360(例如,缠绕材料)、和联接远侧叶轮342的第四区段365(例如,管状材料)。驱动缆线区段均具有相同的内径,使得内腔具有恒定的内径。可以使用已知的附接技术将驱动缆线区段彼此固定。第四区段365的远端延伸到工作部分的远侧区域,从而允许工作部分例如在用于定位工作部分的导丝上前进。在该实施例中,第二区段和第四区段可以比第一区段和第三区段硬。例如,第二区段和第四区段可以是管状的,而第一区段和第三区段可以是缠绕材料,以赋予较小的刚度。
工作部分340包括近侧可扩展构件343和远侧可扩展构件344,它们中的每一个都径向地延伸到叶轮之一的外部。可扩展构件具有远端和近端,其也轴向地延伸超过叶轮的远端和近端,这在图3B-图3D中可看出。联接到这两个可扩展构件的是导管356,其具有近端353和远端352。两个可扩展构件均包括多个近侧支柱和多个远侧支柱。近侧可扩展构件343中的近侧支柱延伸至并固定至轴区段345,轴区段345联接至轴承361,驱动缆线穿过轴承361延伸,并且被配置为且尺寸被设置为能旋转。近侧可扩展构件343的远侧支柱延伸至并固定至中心管状构件346的近侧区域(在该情况下固定至近端),该中心管状构件轴向地设置在可扩展构件之间。中心管状构件346的近端联接至轴承349,如图3C所示,驱动缆线穿过轴承349延伸并旋转。远侧可扩展构件344的近侧支柱延伸至并固定至中心管状构件346的远侧区域(在该情况下固定至远端)。轴承350也联接至中心管状构件346的远侧区域,如图3D所示。驱动缆线延伸穿过轴承350并相对于轴承350旋转。远侧可扩展构件的远侧支柱延伸至并固定至轴区段347(见图3A),该轴区段可被视为远侧末端的一部分。轴区段347联接至轴承351(见图3D),驱动缆线穿过轴承351延伸并相对于其旋转。远侧末端还包括轴承366(见图3D),轴承366可以是推力轴承。工作部分340在某些方面与工作部分1104相似或相同,即使在说明中未明确包括。在该实施例中,导管356与工作部分1104不同,至少延伸到叶轮的末端那么远。可以对两个实施例中的任一个进行修改,使得导管延伸到另一个实施例中所述的位置。在一些实施例中,区段360可以是管状区段,而不是缠绕的。
在替代实施例中,本文的任何叶轮的至少一部分可以延伸到流体腔的外部。例如,叶轮的仅一部分可以在近侧或远侧方向上延伸超过流体腔的端部。在一些实施例中,在流体腔的外部延伸的叶轮的一部分是叶轮的近侧部分,并且包括近端(例如,参见图2中的近侧叶轮)。在一些实施例中,叶轮的在流体腔外部延伸的该部分为叶轮的远侧部分,并包括远端(例如,参见图2中的远侧叶轮)。当本发明在本文中提及在流体腔外部延伸(或超过端部)的叶轮时,意思是指部件的相对轴向位置,其可以在侧视图或顶视图中(比如,在图2中)最容易看到。
但是,位于流体腔的另一端的第二叶轮可以不延伸超过流体腔。例如,示例性替代设计可以包括向近侧延伸超过流体腔的近端的近侧叶轮(如图2中的近侧叶轮),并且流体腔不向远侧延伸超过远侧叶轮的远端(如图3B)。替代地,远侧叶轮的远端可以向远侧延伸超过流体腔的远端,但是近侧叶轮的近端不向近侧延伸超过流体腔的近端。在本文的任何泵部分中,可以没有叶轮延伸超过流体腔的端部。
尽管本文可能示出了特定的示例性位置,但是流体泵可以能够在体内的各种位置中使用。用于放置的一些示例性位置包括放置在主动脉瓣或肺动脉瓣附近,比如横跨瓣膜并位于瓣膜的一侧或两侧,在主动脉瓣的情况下,可选地包括位于升主动脉中的部分。例如,在一些其他实施例中,泵在使用中可以位于更下游,比如布置在降主动脉中。
图4示出来自图2的系统1000的工作部分1104的示例性放置。图4所示的一个区别在于,导管至少延伸至叶轮的端部那么远,如图3A-图3D中那样。图4示出了处于展开配置的工作部分1104,其跨越主动脉瓣定位到位。工作部分1104可以如图所示经由例如但不限于股动脉穿刺(已知的穿刺手术过程)来递送。尽管为了清楚而未示出,但是系统1000还可以包括外部护套或轴,在递送至主动脉瓣附近的位置期间,工作部分1104被布置在外部护套或轴中。护套或轴可以向近侧运动(朝向升主动脉“AA”并且远离左心室“LV”)以允许工作部分1104展开和扩展。例如,可以撤回护套以允许第二可扩展构件1110扩展,其中连续的近侧运动允许第一可扩展构件1108扩展。
在该实施例中,第二可扩展构件1110已经被扩展并且以展开配置定位以使得远端1125在左心室“LV”中,并且在主动脉瓣小叶“VL”的远侧,并在瓣环的远侧。近端1124也已经定位在小叶VL的远侧,但是在一些方法中,近端1124可以在小叶VL内稍微轴向延伸。该实施例是其中第二可扩展构件1110的至少一半在沿其长度测量(沿纵向轴线测量时)在左心室内的一种方法的示例。并且如图所示,这也是其中整个第二可扩展构件1110位于左心室内的一种方法的示例。这也是其中第二叶轮1118的至少一半定位在左心室内的一种方法的示例,也是其中整个第二叶轮1118定位在左心室内的一个实施例。
外轴或护套的继续收回(和/或工作端1104相对于外护套或轴的远侧运动)继续释放导管1112,直到中心区域1113被释放并展开。如图4所示,可扩展构件1108和1110的扩展使导管1112采取更开放的配置。因此,尽管在该实施例中,导管1112不具有与可扩展构件相同的自扩展特性,但是导管在工作端被展开时将采取展开的、更开放的配置。导管1112的中心区域1113的至少一部分定位在主动脉瓣接合区域。在图3中,存在向远侧延伸超过小叶VL的一小段中心区域1113,但中心区域1113的至少某部分轴向地在小叶内。
外部轴或护套的连续收回(和/或工作端1104相对于外部护套或轴的远侧运动)展开第一可扩展构件1108。在该实施例中,第一可扩展构件1108已被扩展并定位在(如图所示)展开配置下,使得近端1121处于升主动脉AA中,并且在小叶“VL”近侧。远端1122也已经定位在小叶VL近侧,但在一些方法中,远端1122可以在小叶VL内稍微轴向延伸。该实施例是其中第一可扩展构件1110的至少一半在沿其长度测量(沿纵向轴线测量)时处于升主动脉内的一种方法的示例。并且如图所示,这也是其中整个第一可扩展构件1110在AA内的一种方法的示例。这也是其中第一叶轮1116的至少一半位于AA内的一种方法的示例,并且也是整个第一叶轮1116定位在AA内的一个实施例。
在工作部分1104展开期间或之后的任何时间,可以以任何方式(比如,在荧光透视下)评估工作部分的位置。可以在展开期间或展开后的任何时间调整工作部分的位置。例如,在释放第二可扩展构件1110之后但在释放第一可扩展构件1108之前,工作部分1104可以轴向地(向远侧或向近侧)运动以重新定位工作部分。另外,例如,可以在整个工作部分已经从护套释放到期望的最终位置之后重新定位工作部分。
应当理解,即使在初始展开之后发生重新定位,图4中所示的部件(相对于解剖结构)的位置也被认为是工作部分1104的不同部件的示例性最终位置。
本文的一个或多个可扩展构件可以被配置成并且可以以多种方式被扩展,比如,经由自扩展、机械致动(例如,在可扩展构件上的一个或多个轴向力,利用单独的球囊来扩展,该球囊径向地被定位在可扩展构件内并被充气以在可扩展构件上径向地向外推动)、或其组合而被扩展。
本文所使用的扩展通常是指重新配置成具有较大的径向最外尺寸(相对于纵向轴线)的较大外形,而不管其中一个或多个部件扩展的具体方式如何。例如,自扩展的和/或受到径向向外的力的支架可以如本文中所使用的术语那样“扩展”。被打开或铺开的装置也可以采取较大的外形,并且可以被认为如本文中所使用的术语那样扩展。
叶轮可以类似地适于和配置为、并可以根据其构造以多种方式进行扩展。例如,一个或多个叶轮一旦从护套释放后可以由于叶轮设计的材料和/或构造而自动回复或转向不同的较大的外形配置(例如,参见美国专利No.6,533,716或美国专利No.7,393,181,两者出于所有目的通过引用并入于此)。因此,在一些实施例中,外部约束的收回可以允许可扩展构件和叶轮两者自然地回复到较大外形的展开配置,而无需任何进一步的致动。
如图4中的示例所示,工作部分包括第一和第二叶轮,它们在主动脉瓣的两侧间隔开,每个叶轮布置在单独的可扩展构件中。这与其中工作部分包括单个细长的可扩展构件的一些设计相反。工作端1104包括在可扩展构件1108与1110之间延伸的导管1112,而不是跨越瓣膜一直延伸的单个通常管状的可扩展构件。导管比可扩展的篓更柔性和可变形,这与可扩展构件横跨主动脉瓣小叶相比可以允许小叶位置处的工作部分的更大变形。在工作部分已被部署在受试者中之后,这可以对小叶造成更小的损伤。
另外,来自小叶的单个可扩展构件的中心区域上的力可能轴向地转移到可扩展构件的其他区域,可能在一个或多个叶轮的位置处引起可扩展构件的不期望变形。这可能导致外部可扩展构件接触叶轮,从而不期望地干扰了叶轮的旋转。在每个叶轮周围包括单独的可扩展构件的设计,尤其是在每个可扩展构件和每个叶轮的两端(即远端和近端)都受到支撑的情况下,会使得叶轮相对于可扩展构件的定位具有很高的精度。与单个可扩展构件相比,两个单独的可扩展构件可以能够更可靠地保持其展开配置。
如上所述,可能希望能够重新配置工作部分,以使其可以在9F护套内递送并在使用时仍获得足够高的流量,这对于当前正在开发和/或测试的某些产品是不可能的。例如,某些产品太大而无法重新配置为足够小的递送外形,而一些较小的设计可能无法实现期望的高流速。图1、图2、图3A-图3D和图4中的示例的示例性优势在于,例如,第一叶轮和第二叶轮可以一起工作以实现期望流速,并且通过具有两个轴向间隔开的叶轮,整个工作部分可以被重新配置为比其中使用单个叶轮实现期望流速的设计小的递送外形。因此,这些实施例使用多个较小的、可重新配置的轴向间隔开的叶轮,以同时实现期望的较小递送外形以及期望的高流速。
因此,本文的实施例可以在保持足够高的流速的同时实现较小的递送外形,同时产生工作部分的可更大变形和更柔性的中心区域,其示例性优点如上所述(例如,与精致的瓣膜小叶相接)。
图5示出了与图1所示的工作部分类似的工作部分。工作部分265包括近侧叶轮266、远侧叶轮267,两者均联接至延伸到远侧轴承壳体272中的驱动轴278。在工作部分的近端处有类似的近侧轴承壳体。工作部分还包括可扩展构件(通常称为270)、以及被固定至可扩展构件并延伸了可扩展构件的几乎整个长度的导管268。可扩展构件270包括远侧支柱271,其延伸至并固定至支柱支撑件273(其固定至远侧末端273)。可扩展构件270还包括固定至近侧支柱支撑件的近侧支柱。即使没有明确说明,与图l所示类似的所有特征也出于所有目的以引用方式并入本实施例中。可扩展构件265还包括螺旋拉伸构件269,其沿可扩展构件的外围布置,并在可扩展构件如图所示处于扩展配置时具有螺旋构造。螺旋拉伸构件269被布置为并适于在折叠时引起旋转包裹。工作部分265可以从所示的扩展配置折叠,同时以相对低的速度同时旋转一个或两个叶轮,以促进叶轮由于与可扩展构件的相互作用而导致的卷曲折叠。螺旋拉伸构件269(或可扩展构件单元的螺旋布置)将充当集合拉伸构件,并被配置为使得当可扩展篓沿其长度拉伸以折叠时(比如,通过拉伸到大得多的长度,如大约两倍的长度),拉伸构件269被拉成更直的对齐方式,这导致在折叠期间可扩展构件的期望节段旋转/扭曲,从而导致叶轮叶片随着可扩展构件和叶片折叠而径向地向内包裹。当处于近似等于折叠时可扩展构件的最大长度的螺旋形式时,这种拉伸构件的示例性配置将具有曲线配置。在替代实施例中,仅使可扩展构件的包围可折叠叶轮的部分在折叠时旋转。
存在替代的方式来构造工作部分,以在通过拉长而折叠时引起可扩展构件的旋转(并因此引起叶轮叶片的包裹和折叠)。即使在双叶轮设计中,任何可扩展构件均可以通过该特征来构造。例如,对于包括多个“单元”(该术语通常为已知)的可扩展构件(例如,激光切割细长构件),可扩展构件可以具有多个特定单元,它们一起限定诸如螺旋配置之类的特定配置,其中限定该配置的单元与可扩展构件中的其他单元具有不同的物理特征。在一些实施例中,可扩展构件可以具有编织构造,并且扭曲区域可以构成编织线的整个线材组或者构成编织线的重要部分(例如一半以上)。这样的扭曲编织构造可以例如在编织过程期间比如通过以下方式来实现:当其上编织了线材的芯轴被拉拽时,尤其是沿着编织结构的最大直径部分的长度拉拽时,对该芯轴进行扭曲。还可以在该构造过程的第二操作期间,比如在将缠绕外形热定型在成型芯轴上之前将编织结构机械扭曲,来实现该构造。
本文的任何导管用来、被构造为、且由在第一端(例如,远端)与第二端(例如,近端)之间在其中产生流体腔的材料制成。流体流进入流区域,通过流体腔,然后从出流区域流出。进入入流区域的流动在本文可以标记为“I”,而从出流区域流出的流动可以标记为“O”。本文的任何导管可以是不可渗透的。可替代地,本文的任何导管可以是半渗透的。本文的任何导管也可以是多孔的,但仍将限定穿过其中的流体腔。在一些实施例中,导管是膜或其他相对薄的层状构件。除非有相反的指示,否则本文的任何导管均可以固定到可扩展构件上,使得固定在其上的导管可以在可扩展构件的径向内部和/或外部。例如,导管可以在可扩展构件内径向地延伸,使得导管的内表面在其被固定到可扩展构件之处径向地在可扩展构件内。
本文的任何可扩展构件均可以由多种材料和多种方式来构造。例如,可扩展构件可以具有编织构造,或者可以通过激光加工形成。该材料可以是可变形的,比如镍钛诺。可扩展构件可以是自扩展的,或者可以适于至少部分地主动扩展。
在一些实施例中,可扩展构件适于在从诸如递送导液管、引导导液管或管路护套的容纳管状构件内释放时自扩展。在一些替代实施例中,可扩展构件适于通过主动扩展来扩展,比如,使可扩展构件的远端和近端中的至少之一朝彼此运动的拉杆动作。在替代实施例中,展开配置会受到一个或多个可扩展结构的配置的影响。在一些实施例中,一个或多个可扩展构件可以通过流过导管的血液的影响而至少部分地展开。可以使用以上扩展机制的任何组合。
本文的血泵和流体运动装置、系统和方法可以在体内的各种位置使用和定位。尽管本文可能提供了具体示例,但是应理解,工作部分可以定位在与本文具体描述的那些不同的身体区域中。
在其中医疗装置包括多个叶轮的本文的任何实施例中,该装置可以适于使得叶轮以不同的速度旋转。图6A示出了包括与内部驱动构件1338和外部驱动构件1336两者均联接的齿轮组1340的医疗装置,内部驱动构件1338和外部驱动构件1336分别与远侧叶轮1334和近侧叶轮1332可操作地连通。该装置还包括电动机1342,其驱动内部驱动构件1338的旋转。内部驱动构件1338延伸穿过外部驱动构件1336。电动机1332的激活会由于减速传动比或超速传动比而使得两个叶轮以不同的速度旋转。齿轮组1340可以适于驱动近侧或远侧叶轮中的任一个比另一个快。本文的任何装置可以包括本文的任何齿轮组,以不同的速度驱动叶轮。
图6B示出了双叶轮装置(1350)的替代实施例的一部分,该双叶轮装置也适于使得不同的叶轮以不同的速度旋转。齿轮组1356联接至分别与远侧叶轮1352和近侧叶轮1354联接的内部驱动构件1351和外部驱动构件1353两者。该装置还包括如图6A所示的电动机。图6A和图6B示出了齿轮组如何可以适于比远侧叶轮慢或快地驱动近侧叶轮。
图7示出了可以以不同的速度旋转第一叶轮和第二叶轮的流体泵1370的示例性替代实施例。第一电动机1382驱动联接至远侧叶轮1372的缆线1376,而第二电动机1384(经由齿轮组1380)驱动联接至近侧叶轮1374的外驱动构件1378。驱动缆线1376延伸穿过外驱动构件1378。各电动机可以被单独控制和操作,因此两个叶轮的速度可以分别控制。该系统设置可以与本文的包括多个叶轮的任何系统一起使用。
在一些实施例中,共同的驱动缆线或轴可以驱动两个(或多个)叶轮的旋转,但是两个叶轮的叶片节距(旋转曲率角)可以不同,其中远侧或近侧叶轮可以具有比其他叶轮陡或平缓的角度。这可以产生与具有齿轮组相似的效果。图6C示出了医疗装置(1360)的一部分,其包括联接至近侧叶轮1364和远侧叶轮1362以及未示出的电动机的共同的驱动缆线1366。本文的近侧叶轮可以具有比本文的远侧叶轮大或小的节距。本文的具有多个叶轮的任何工作部分(或远侧部分)可以被修改为包括具有不同节距的第一叶轮和第二叶轮。
在本文的任何实施例中,泵部分可具有顺应或半顺应(通常一起称为“顺应”)的外部结构。在各种实施例中,顺应部分是柔韧的。在各种实施例中,顺应部分在压力下仅部分变形。例如,泵的中心部分可以由外部顺应结构形成,使得其响应于瓣膜的力而变形。以这种方式,减小了泵在瓣膜小叶上的外力。这可以帮助防止在跨越瓣膜的位置处损伤瓣膜。
图8示出了泵部分的示例性实施例,该泵部分包括第一、第二和第三轴向间隔开的叶轮152,每个叶轮设置在可扩展构件154内。导管155可以沿着泵部分的长度延伸,如在本文各个实施例中所述,这可以帮助产生和限定流体腔。然而,在替代实施例中,第一、第二和第三叶轮可以设置在单个可扩展构件内,类似于图1所示。在图8中,流体腔从远端延伸到近端,其特征在本文其他地方描述。图8中的实施例可以包括本文所述的任何其他合适的特征,包括使用方法。
图8中的实施例也是外壳体的示例,该外壳体在近侧叶轮远端和远侧叶轮近端之间形成有至少一个弯曲部,使得该壳体的在弯曲部远侧的远侧区域与该壳体的在弯曲部近侧的近侧区域沿着轴线不轴向对准。在该实施例中,在壳体中形成有两个弯曲部150和151,每个弯曲部在两个相邻的叶轮之间。
在一种使用方法中,可以将形成在壳体中的弯曲部定位成横跨瓣膜,比如图8所示的主动脉瓣。在该放置方法中,中心叶轮和最远侧叶轮位于左心室中,并且最近侧叶轮位于升主动脉中。弯曲部151恰位于主动脉瓣的下游。
诸如弯曲部151或152的弯曲部可以并入本文的任何实施例或设计中。弯曲部可以是预成型的角度,也可以是现场可调的。
在本文的任何实施例中,除非有相反的指示,否则外壳体沿着其长度可以具有基本上均匀的直径。
在图8中,泵经由腋动脉定位,这是一种穿刺主动脉瓣的示例性方法,其允许患者行走和活动时中断更少。本文的任何设备均可以经由腋动脉定位。然而,从本文的描述中人们将认识到,可以以各种方式将泵引入并跟踪到位,包括主动脉弓上方的股动脉入路。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,其包括与近侧叶轮轴向间隔开的远侧叶轮。在一个实施例中,远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮彼此分离。例如,远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮可以仅通过它们各自的附接连接到共同的驱动轴。这不同于具有多个叶片排的叶轮。本文使用的远侧叶轮这个短语不一定表示泵的最远侧叶轮,而是可以一般地指比近侧叶轮更靠远侧定位的叶轮,即使存在比该远侧叶轮更靠远侧布置的其他叶轮。类似地,本文使用的近侧叶轮这个短语不一定表示泵的最近侧叶轮,而是可以一般地指比近侧叶轮更靠近侧定位的叶轮,即使存在比该近侧叶轮更靠近侧布置的其他叶轮。轴向间距(或其一些派生词)是指沿泵部分的长度(比如,沿泵部分的纵向轴线)的间距,即使在泵部分中存在弯曲部也是如此。在各个实施例中,近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮中的每一个均定位在各自的壳体内,并被配置为维持精确、一致的末端间隙,并且叶轮之间的跨度具有相对更柔性(或完全柔性)的流体腔。例如,每个叶轮可以定位在具有相对刚性的外壁的各个壳体内以抵抗径向折叠。叶轮之间的区段可以是相对刚性的,在一些实施例中,所述区段主要通过内部流体压力保持打开。
尽管本文的实施例没有要求,但是在近侧叶轮与远侧叶轮之间具有最小轴向间隔会是有利的。例如,泵部分可以通过解剖结构中具有相对紧的弯曲部(比如,例如主动脉)的部分被递送至目标位置,并向下进入主动脉瓣。例如,泵部分可以被递送通过股动脉穿刺,达至主动脉瓣。具有更容易弯曲的系统以使得更易于将系统递送通过解剖结构中的弯曲部,这可能是有利的。其中多个叶轮彼此非常接近的一些设计可能会使系统在横跨多个叶轮的长度上沿着横跨这多个叶轮的整个长度而相对较硬。将叶轮轴向间隔开并在叶轮之间选择性地提供相对柔性的区域,可以使系统的一部分更柔性、更容易弯曲、并且可以更轻松且更安全地通过弯曲部行进。另一示例性优点是,轴向间距可允许叶轮之间的相对更顺应的区域,该区域可定位在例如瓣膜(例如,主动脉瓣)的位置处。此外,本文的各个实施例与典型的多级泵之间还存在其他潜在的优势和功能差异。典型的多级泵包括具有很近的功能性间隔的成排的叶片(有时称为叶轮),使得成排的叶片一起充当同步级。人们将意识到,当流动通过远侧叶轮时可以分流。在本文所述的各个实施例中,远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮可以充分地间隔开,以使得从远侧叶轮分离的流动大幅减小(即,增大的流动重附接),并且在流动进入近侧叶轮之前耗散了局部湍流。
在本文的包括远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮的任何实施例或说明书的任何部分中,近侧叶轮的远端与远侧叶轮的近端之间的轴向间隔可以为沿着泵部分的纵向轴线或沿着包括流体腔的壳体部分的纵向轴线从1.5cm至25cm(包括端点)。当泵部分(包括任何叶轮)处于扩展配置时,可以测量该距离。当泵部分被递送通过解剖结构的弯曲部分(比如,例如经由主动脉通过主动脉瓣)时,该示例性范围可以提供本文所述的示例性的柔性益处。图9(以展开配置在患者体外示出)示出了长度Lc,其示出了叶轮之间的轴向间隔,并且在一些实施例中可以如本文所述从1.5cm至25cm。在可能存在多于两个叶轮的实施例中,任何两个相邻的叶轮(即,在它们之间没有任何其他旋转叶轮的叶轮)可以轴向间隔开本文所述的任何轴向间隔距离。
尽管一些实施例包括沿轴线与远侧叶轮近端轴向间隔开从1.5cm至25cm的近侧叶轮远端,但是本发明在本文中还包括在从1.5cm至25cm的一般范围内的子范围的任何轴向间隔。也就是说,本发明包括具有在该范围内从1.5及以上的任何下限的所有范围,以及具有从25cm及以下的任何上限的所有子范围。以下示例提供了示例性子范围。在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮远端沿轴线与远侧叶轮近端轴向间隔开从1.5cm至20cm、从1.5cm至15cm、从1.5cm至10cm、从1.5cm至7.5cm、从1.5cm至6cm、从1.5cm至4.5cm、从1.5cm至3cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间距是从2cm至20cm、从2cm至15cm、从2cm至12cm、从2cm至10cm、从2cm至7.5cm、从2cm至6cm、从2cm至4.5cm、从2cm至3cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从2.5cm至15cm、从2.5cm至12.5cm、从2.5cm至10cm、从2.5cm至7.5cm、或从2.5cm至5cm(例如3cm)。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从3cm至20cm、从3cm至15cm、从3cm至10cm、从3cm至7.5cm、从3cm至6cm、或从3cm至4.5cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从4cm至20cm、从4cm至15cm、从4cm至10cm、从4cm至7.5cm、从4cm至6cm、或从4cm至4.5cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从5cm至20cm、从5cm至15cm、从5cm至10cm、从5cm至7.5cm、或从5cm至6cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从6cm至20cm、从6cm至15cm、从6cm至10cm、或从6cm至7.5cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从7cm至20cm、从7cm至15cm、或从7cm至10cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从8cm至20cm、从8cm至15cm、或从8cm至10cm。在一些实施例中,轴向间隔是从9cm至20cm、,从9cm至15cm、或从9cm至10cm。在各个实施例中,叶轮之间的流体腔是相对不受支撑的。
在本文的任何实施例中,一个或多个叶轮的长度可以具有在叶轮远端与叶轮近端之间轴向测量的长度(在图9中分别示为“LSD”和“LSP”),从.5cm至10cm或其任何子范围。以下示例提供了示例性子范围。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度是从.5cm至7.5cm、从.5cm至5cm、从.5cm至4cm、从.5cm至3cm、从.5cm至2cm、或者从.5cm至1.5cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度是从.8cm至7.5cm、从.8cm至5cm、从.8cm至4cm、从.8cm至3cm、从.8cm至2cm、或者从.8cm至1.5cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度是从1cm至7.5cm、从1cm至5cm、从1cm至4cm、从1cm至3cm、从1cm至2cm、或从1cm至1.5cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度为从1.2cm至7.5cm、从1.2cm至5cm、从1.2cm至4cm、从1.2cm至3cm、从1.2至2cm、或从1.2cm至1.5cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度是从1.5cm至7.5cm、从1.5cm至5cm、从1.5cm至4cm、从1.5cm至3cm、或从1.5cm至2cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度是从2cm至7.5cm、从2cm至5cm、从2cm至4cm、或从2cm至3cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度为从3cm至7.5cm、从3cm至5cm、或3cm至4cm。在一些实施例中,叶轮轴向长度为从4cm至7.5cm、或从4cm至5cm。
在本文的任何实施例中,流体腔可以具有从远端至近端的长度,如图9中的长度Lp所示。在一些实施例中,流体腔长度Lp为从4cm至40cm,或其中的任何子范围。例如,在一些实施例中,长度Lp可以是从4cm至30cm、从4cm至20cm、从4cm至18cm、从4cm至16cm、从4cm至14cm、从4cm至12cm、从4cm至10cm、从4cm至8cm、从4cm至6cm。
在本文的任何实施例中,壳体可以至少在叶轮的位置(并且可选地在叶轮之间的位置)具有展开的直径,如图9中的尺寸Dp所示。在一些实施例中,Dp可以为从.3cm至1.5cm,或其中的任何子范围。例如,Dp可以从.4cm至1.4cm、从.4cm至1.2cm、从.4cm至1.0cm、从.4cm至.8cm、或从.4cm至.6cm。在一些实施例中,Dp可以是从.5cm至1.4cm、从.5cm至1.2cm、从.5cm至1.0cm、从.5cm至.8cm、或从.5cm至.6cm。在一些实施例中,Dp可以从.6cm至1.4cm、从.6cm至1.2cm、从.6cm至1.0cm、或从.6cm至.8cm。在一些实施例中,Dp可以从.7cm至1.4cm、从.7cm至1.2cm、从.7cm至1.0cm、或从.7cm至.8cm。
在本文的任何实施例中,叶轮可以具有展开的直径,如图9中的尺寸Di所示。在一些实施例中,Di可以为从1mm-30mm,或其中的任何子范围。例如,在一些实施例中,Di可以为从1mm-15mm、从2mm-12mm、从2.5mm-10mm、或从3mm-8mm。
在本文的任何实施例中,在叶轮外径与流体腔内径之间存在末端间隙。在一些实施例中,末端间隙可以是从0.01mm-1mm,比如从.05mm至.8mm,或比如0.1mm-0.5mm。
在本文的任何实施例中,一个或多个流动扩散器和一个或多个定子中的至少一个沿着导液管轴位于两个或更多个叶轮之间。这种流动扩散器可以帮助减少流体的涡流并且总体上提高作为一组的多个叶轮的效率。
在本文的任何实施例中,可扩展护罩篓或可扩展构件的流体出口处的特征被成形为充当流体扩散器,比如在导液管轴外部尺寸与可扩展构件外部尺寸之间的附接处的支架状支柱,其可以是叶片状的,具有引导来改变血液流向的扭曲部。在本文的任何实施例中,叶轮下游的导液管轴的一个或多个部分可以扩张到更大的直径以改变血流角度并导致血流减速至更接近天然主动脉血流的速度。叶轮下游的较大直径的示例性位置可以是在可扩展护罩篓附接至导液管轴的区域处或附近,和/或邻近叶轮的轴承壳体处,或在内部电动机上或附近。
图10是示例性实施例的侧视图,并且将基于申请人的实验发现而用作示例性实施例。图10示出了处于扩展配置的流体腔的示例性配置,以及处于扩展配置的示例性近侧叶轮和远侧叶轮。为了清楚起见,未示出泵部分的其他方面,但是应当理解,泵部分以及整个系统总体上可以包括其他方面和特征(比如本文所述的其他特征)。图10示出泵部分2的一部分,其包括可扩展壳体4、近侧叶轮6和远侧叶轮8。可扩展壳体4限定流体腔(其各方面在本文中被更详细地描述),其在图10中包括远端12和近端10。分别在远端和近端处示出了入流I和出流O,本文中对其进行更详细的描述。尽管图10示出了流体腔的总体外形,但是可扩展壳体4可以包括一个或多个部件,比如一个或多个可扩展构件(比如本文所述的那些)和/或一个或多个导管(比如本文所述的那些)。在一些实施例中,可扩展壳体4包括诸如可扩展支架的可扩展结构和彼此固定的可变形材料(例如,膜)(参见,例如图5)。在一些实施例中,可扩展壳体由覆盖有弹性聚合物(例如,聚碳酸酯尿烷或聚氨酯)的可扩展结构形成。可扩展结构可以是由NiTi形成的支架、网状物等。当处于扩展配置时,可扩展壳体限定穿过其的流体腔。
图10中所示的配置示出了当可扩展壳体处于扩展配置时可扩展壳体的流体腔配置。在该示例中,流体腔包括直径基本恒定部分14、具有扩张配置的近侧区域16、和具有扩张配置的远侧区域18。在此上下文中,直径基本恒定部分在本文中可以简称为直径恒定部分,除非有相反的指示,否则这是表明直径基本恒定部分,本文将对此进行更详细说明。直径恒定部分14具有近端19和远端17。在该示例中,直径恒定区域的远端17也是远侧扩张区域18的近端。在此示例中,直径恒定区域的近端19也是近侧扩张区域16的远端。
本发明的一部分描述了当改变近侧叶轮相对于流体腔的一个或多个方面的位置时与泵部分的性能有关的出乎意料的实验结果。例如,这可以被描述为近侧叶轮的特征(例如,近端、远端、中点、长度的百分比等)相对于流体腔的一个或多个特征(例如,直径恒定部分的近端、扩张区域的远端、流体腔的近端等)的位置的位置。
本发明中包括的结果基于这样的实验:其改变叶轮相对于测试设备的流体腔的轴向位置,同时保持流体腔的配置和远侧叶轮的位置。测试设备的配置可以用作一部分泵部分的配置的基础,其示例在图10中示出。图11A-图11E示出了近侧叶轮6相对于实验设备的流体腔(其一部分可用于模仿包括流体腔的可扩展壳体)的示例性不同位置。图11A-图11E中的设备的中心区域包括图10中的实施例,并且图10的所有方面及其描述应用于图11A-图11E。执行实验是为了例如表征和理解叶轮轴向位置的变化如何改变流量和压力。改变轴向位置时还监测溶血。
图11C示出了被视为近侧叶轮的基线轴向位置的部分。图11B和图11A示出了叶轮相对于流体腔以及相对于图11C所示的基线叶轮位置的逐渐远侧运动。图11D和图11E示出了叶轮相对于流体腔以及相对于图11C所示的基线叶轮位置的逐渐近侧运动。叶轮在图11A中位于最远侧,并在图11E中位于最近侧。
在该示例性实施例和示例性实验中,叶轮以1mm的增量轴向运动。例如,叶轮在图11D中相对于图11C进一步向近侧1mm。在图1C所示的基线位置,近侧叶轮的中点3与流体腔的直径基本恒定部分14的近端19轴向对准。因此,在该位置中,叶轮的远侧半部布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的近侧半部布置在扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有9mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的4.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的4.5mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的2.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的3.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的3.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的2.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有10mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的5mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的7mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的3mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的6mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的4mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的4mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的3mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有11mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的5.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的3.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的4.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的4.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的3.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有12mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的6mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的8mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的4mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的7mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的4mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的8mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有13mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的6.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的8.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的4.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的4.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的8.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有14mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的7mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的9mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的8mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的6mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的8mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的9mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有15mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的7.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的9.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的8.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的8.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的5.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的9.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有16mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的8mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的8mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的10mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的9mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的7mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的9mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的6mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的10mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮可以具有17mm的轴向长度“AL”(沿近侧-远侧方向测量;见图10),并且叶轮的8.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的8.5mm布置在图11C中的基线位置处的近侧扩张区域16中。在图11A中,叶轮的10.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11B中,叶轮的9.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11D中,叶轮的7.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的9.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。在图11E中,叶轮的6.5mm布置在直径恒定部分14中,叶轮的10.5mm布置在近侧扩张区域16中。
近侧叶轮部分的相对位置也可以描述为叶轮长度的百分比,而不是长度尺寸。在图11A中,近侧叶轮长度的35%布置在直径恒定部分14的近侧,叶轮长度的65%布置在直径恒定部分14中。在图11B中,近侧叶轮长度的42%布置在直径恒定部分14的近侧,叶轮长度的58%布置在直径恒定部分14中。在图11C中,近侧叶轮长度的50%布置在直径恒定部分14的近侧,叶轮长度的50%布置在直径恒定部分14中。在图11D中,近侧叶轮长度的58%布置在直径恒定部分14的近侧,叶轮长度的42%布置在直径恒定部分14中。在图11E中,近侧叶轮长度的65%布置在直径恒定部分14的近侧,叶轮长度的35%布置在直径恒定部分14中。
在实验中,测试设备的泵部分以30,500RPM的恒定转速运行,并且基于恒定转速针对近侧叶轮的不同轴向位置测量流速。本文提供了估计的流速,其相对于图11C所示的基线位置推断为60mmHg。叶轮在图11D中的位置时的泵部分的流速比图11C中基线位置的流速大约大5%(例如,大4.9%)。叶轮在图11E中的位置时的泵部分的流速比图11C中基线位置的流速大约大11%(例如,大10.7%)。叶轮在图11B中的位置时的泵部分的流速比图11C中基线位置的流速大约小18%(例如,小18.2%)。叶轮在图11A中的位置时的泵部分的流速比图11C中基线位置的流速大约小41%(例如,小41.2%)。该信息也呈现在下表中。
表1
Figure BDA0002708672710000381
由于轴向定位的相对较小的变化而导致的所测得流速的差异的大小是出乎意料且令人惊讶的。这些出乎意料的结果表明,轴向位置的相对较小的变化会显著改变流速。实验结果还表明,对于其中近侧叶轮的远侧区域位于流体腔的直径基本恒定区域中并且近侧区域位于直径基本恒定区域近侧的泵部分设计,存在相对于其他位置将导致更有利的流速的可放置叶轮的位置或地点。换句话说,存在可导致次优流速、甚至可能防止泵部分达到期望工作参数的流速的可相对于直径恒定部分定位叶轮的位置或地点。
本发明的一个方面是一种血管内血泵,其包括叶轮,可选地近侧叶轮,其中,近侧叶轮的一部分布置在流体腔的直径基本恒定部分中,并且一部分布置在直径基本恒定部分的外部。图10中的实施例是该方面的示例。如本文的实验结果所示,通过使近侧叶轮相对于流体腔运动,比如,通过改变向近侧延伸超过流体腔的直径基本恒定区域的近端的叶轮的长度,可以显著改变流量。本文呈现的数据示出了基于示例性测试和建模观察到的泵部分性能的变化。尽管本文中的一些示例性相对位置示出了泵性能的一些显著改善,但可以预期的是,本文中未进行具体测试的其他相对位置仍可为泵性能带来好处,即使未在本文中进行具体测试,并且即使所述改善不如本文中一些其他改善那么显著。因此,以下公开内容和范围可提供相对于其他叶轮位置被改善的泵部分性能,并且被认为是本发明的一部分。即使本文呈现的权利要求包括与实验结果更紧密相关的本发明的一个或多个方面,也意图使本发明包括可能未在实验结果中具体描述的其他定量或定性方面。例如,对于一些叶轮设计,如果近侧叶轮的20%至40%向近侧延伸超过直径恒定部分的近端,则流量可被优化或是期望的。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向长度)的至少20%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%、可选地最高达至叶轮的35%、可选地最高达至叶轮的30%、可选地最高达至叶轮的25%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少25%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少30%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少35%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%、可选地最高达至叶轮的40%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少40%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%、可选地最高达至叶轮的45%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少45%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%、可选地最高达至叶轮的50%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少50%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%、可选地最高达至叶轮的55%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少55%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%、可选地最高达至叶轮的60%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少60%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%、可选地最高达至叶轮的65%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少65%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%、可选地最高达至叶轮的70%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少70%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%、可选地最高达至叶轮的75%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少75%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%、可选地最高达至叶轮的80%,被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
在一些实施例中,叶轮(轴向测量)的至少80%且最高达至90%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端,可选地最高达至叶轮的85%被布置成靠近直径恒定部分的近端。
尽管图10示出了从图11C中的测试设备截取的示例性部分的一部分,但是应当理解,本发明还包括通常在图10中示出的泵部分,但是包括具有图11D和图11E中所示的相对位置的近侧叶轮。因此,本发明隐含且固有地包括泵部分,该泵部分包括图10的所有特征,但是如图11A、图11B、图11D和图11E所示被修改,即使那些附图未在本文中明确提供。
本文中的一些泵部分可以具有向近侧延伸超过流体腔的近端的近侧叶轮。例如,图11D和图11E所示的近侧叶轮在被并入诸如图10所示的泵部分中时,向近侧延伸超过流体腔的近端。
本文中的一些流体腔具有一个或多个末端区域,所述末端区域具有一个或多个表面充当流体扩散器。例如,图10中的近侧扩张区域16是具有一个或多个表面的近端区域的示例,所述一个或多个表面充当用于湍流的流体扩散器。本文中与相对于流体腔的轴向叶轮位置有关的任何公开均可应用于本文的具有一个或多个末端区域(末端区域具有一个或多个充当流体扩散器的表面)的流体腔。
本文中的一些流体腔具有一个或多个具有扩张配置的末端区域。例如,图10中的近侧区域16是具有扩张配置的近侧流体腔区域的示例。本文中与相对于流体腔的轴向叶轮位置有关的任何公开均可应用于本文的具有带有扩张配置的近侧区域的流体腔。如本文中所使用的,扩张配置通常是指逐渐地进一步径向向外延伸的配置。扩张配置可以但不一定必须需要沿着扩张区域的整个轴向长度连续地径向向外进一步延伸的配置。图10是连续扩张配置的示例。其他配置是可能的,其中仅近侧区域的一部分具有连续的扩张,而近侧区域的其他部分不包括连续的扩张。例如,近侧区域可包括具有一个或多个连续扩张区域的逐步配置。
在一些实施例中,可以根据每一轴向长度变化的径向尺寸(与直径基本恒定区域的径向尺寸相比)的变化来描述扩张配置。在本文的任何实施例中,扩张配置可以具有每一轴向长度变化的半径均值(或平均)变化,其从5-100%,比如10-75%,比如15-50%,或比如20-30%。
在本文的任何实施例中,出口可以具有不对称形状,例如,圆环形状,以促进离心流动。扩张的出口不需要具有光滑表面。例如,出口壁可以具有边缘或急剧的弯曲。出口壁可以是非平面的(例如,凹陷表面)。
图10所示的示例性实施例的一个方面(包括任何泵部分,其为图10的修改版本并且包括图11A、图11B、图11D和图11E所示的相对叶轮位置)是:所描述的所示叶轮和流体腔配置(包括流体腔的近端配置)提供了随叶轮位置变化的流速变化。结合图10和图11A-图11E所示的叶轮和流体腔配置的一个示例性方面是:当近侧叶轮相对于初始位置向近侧运动至少2mm,并且运动以使得较少的近侧叶轮(但不是全部)被布置在流体腔的直径基本恒定部分中时,泵部分的流速在60mmHg增加至少10%。初始位置可以是叶轮的中点与直径基本恒定部分的近端轴向对准的位置。结合图10和图11A-图11E所示的叶轮和流体腔配置的另一示例性方面是:当近侧叶轮相对于初始位置向远侧运动至少2mm,并且运动以使得较多的近侧叶轮(但不是全部)被布置在流体腔的直径基本恒定部分中时,泵部分的流速在60mmHg减少至少40%。同样,初始位置可以是叶轮的中点与直径基本恒定部分的近端轴向对准的位置。
本发明的一个方面是一种具有包括流体腔的可折叠壳体的血管内血泵,所述流体腔具有远端和近端。所述血泵还包括与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向间隔开的可折叠远侧叶轮,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置。远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮的至少一部分布置在流体腔的远端与近端之间。图10和图11A-图11E中的实施例是该方面的示例。在图11D和图11E的示例性实施例中,近侧叶轮被配置为产生由血泵产生的压力的50%以上,远侧叶轮被配置为产生由血泵产生的压力的50%以下。替代地,这可以被陈述为近侧叶轮被配置为完成血泵的功的50%以上,而远侧叶轮被配置为完成血泵的功的50%以下。在此上下文中,功是压力和体积的函数。由于通过泵的流速(每单位时间的流体量)对于两个叶轮通常是相同的,因此每个叶轮可以配置为对泵产生的压力有不同的贡献,这可以通过设计而不同。
在图10的实施例中,血泵不包括翼片组件、定子叶片或轴向地在近侧叶轮与远侧叶轮之间的任何其他流量调节结构。
在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮产生由血泵产生的压力的55%以上,远侧叶轮产生由血泵产生的压力的45%以下。在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮产生血泵的压力的60%以上,远侧叶轮产生血泵的压力的40%以下。在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮产生血泵的压力的70%以上,远侧叶轮产生血泵的压力的30%以下。在一些实施例中,近侧叶轮产生血泵的压力的大约80%,而远侧叶轮产生血泵的压力的大约20%。
对于本文中涉及远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮产生一定比例的泵产生压力的任何公开,可以在远侧叶轮的远侧位置、在叶轮之间的轴向位置、以及在近侧叶轮的近侧位置处进行压力测量,以便可以计算每个叶轮的压差。
本发明的一个方面是一种在受试者中在血管内泵送血液的方法。该方法可以包括将泵壳体流体腔第一端定位在第一解剖区域(比如,左心室)中,将血泵的远侧叶轮定位在第一解剖区域(比如,左心室)中,将血泵的近侧叶轮定位在第二解剖位置(比如,升主动脉)中,将泵壳体流体腔第二端定位在第二解剖位置(比如,升主动脉)中,将流体腔的中心区域的至少一部分跨越解剖位置(比如,主动脉瓣)定位,并在位于第一解剖位置(例如,左心室)中的流体腔第一端与位于第二解剖位置(例如,升主动脉)中的流体腔第二端之间建立流动路径,以便远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮可以将血液泵送通过流体腔。该方法可以包括旋转远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而泵送血液,这导致近侧叶轮产生由血泵产生的压力的50%以上,而远侧叶轮产生由血泵产生的压力的50%以下。该方法可以包括远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮产生如本文所述的任何量的压力。除非有相反的明确说明,否则任何其他合适的方法步骤都可以包括在该方法方面中。代替单个叶轮产生大于或小于由泵产生的压力的特定百分比,所述方法可以替代地表示为单个叶轮可以执行大于或小于血泵的功的百分比。
已经发现,与单个叶轮设计相比,在两个叶轮上分配载荷(如本文所述)可以导致更高的泵效率、更低的泵速度,并因此减少溶血。
在图10A和图11A-图11E中,布置在流体腔的直径基本恒定区域以外的叶轮的近侧区域可以被称为靠近直径基本恒定区域的近端布置的近侧叶轮区域,而不管靠近直径恒定区域的流体腔的具体配置如何。在图10和图11A-图11E中,近侧叶轮的一部分布置在直径基本恒定部分中。
图11A-图11E中所示的测试设备包括在图10的实施例中的示例性流体腔中不包括的近侧区域和远侧区域。尽管在图10的示例性流体腔中不包括那些放大的部分,但那些区域在一些情况下可以近似为将泵部分定位于其中的一个或多个解剖区域。术语“近似”在此上下文中是指具有解剖位置的一些特征,即使实际的解剖特征在一个或多个、甚至可能很多方面是不同的。例如,即使升主动脉在一些方面不同,图11A-图11E中的放大的近侧区域在某些方面也可以类似于升主动脉的一个或多个方面。
本文的公开包括泵部分的一些实施例,其被描述为具有带有直径基本恒定部分的流体腔。例如,图10中的实施例包括直径基本恒定部分14。短语“基本恒定”可以包括一定程度的直径变化。例如,本文中的一些可扩展壳体包括增强结构(其可以被称为可扩展构件)和固定到该增强结构的导管,比如膜。可将这两个部件固定或组装在一起的方式可能会导致直径发生一些细微的变化。例如,如果将膜施加到增强构件(例如,一个或多个类似支架的装置)的内表面和/或外表面上,则增强构件的外表面或内表面上定位了膜的位置与不存在增强构件的那些固定位置直接相邻的位置之间可能会存在微小的直径变化。这些差异可能是小的数量级(例如,毫米或微米),但是即使它们较大,也意在使这些类型的变化都落在基本恒定的概括性短语的范围内。解释该短语“基本恒定”的替代方式是,即使特定设计或制造限制使它具有某种变化,该区域中的流体腔的设计也意在具有尽可能接近恒定的直径。解释“基本恒定”的另一替代方式是,从设计和功能性的角度出发,询问流体腔的区域是否意在在该区域中具有可变的直径。如果意图是具有可变的直径并且对可变的直径赋予特定的功能性,则其可以落在直径基本恒定部分的范围之外。本领域的技术人员将从本文的描述中意识到,直径基本恒定部分不需要被形成为管子,而是可以采取多种形式和形状。如本文所使用的,直径基本恒定部分可以指流体腔的主要部分。在某些实施例中,该部分具有基本恒定的直径,以减少沿腔的内壁的流动扰动和/或减小对外部解剖结构(例如,主动脉瓣小叶)造成创伤的风险。但是,此部分可以根据应用采用其他形式。例如,该部分可以具有凹陷、曲线等,以根据需要改变流过其中的流动。在某些实施例中,直径基本恒定部分可以仅指代与入口部分和出口部分不同的流体腔的主要部分。
除非有相反的明确指示,否则本文的任何其他公开内容均可被并入图10的实施例中。例如,可以将任何合适的可扩展结构并入图10的实施例中。

Claims (75)

1.一种血管内血泵,包括:
可折叠壳体,所述可折叠壳体包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端、近端、和具有近端的直径基本恒定部分,其中所述流体腔的近端靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端;
可折叠远侧叶轮,所述可折叠远侧叶轮与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分被布置在所述直径基本恒定部分中,
其中所述近侧叶轮在所述扩展配置中具有轴向长度,并且沿着所述轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少50%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至少55%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至少60%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至少65%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多80%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多75%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多70%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多65%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
9.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多60%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
10.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多55%靠近所述直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的一部分在所述近侧叶轮处于扩展配置时比所述流体腔的近端进一步向近侧延伸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述流体腔还包括靠近所述直径基本恒定部分布置的近侧部分,所述近侧部分包括适于且被配置为充当流体扩散器的至少一个表面。
13.根据权利要求12所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧部分包括扩张配置。
14.根据权利要求12所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧部分具有从所述直径基本恒定部分的近端至所述流体腔的近端的连续且逐渐的扩张。
15.根据权利要求1所述的血泵,其中,所述可折叠壳体包括联接至可折叠膜的可折叠支撑结构。
16.一种血管内血泵,包括:
可折叠壳体,所述可折叠壳体包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端和近侧扩张区域,所述近侧扩张区域的远端靠近所述流体腔的远端,所述近侧扩张区域包括适于且被配置为充当流体扩散器的至少一个表面,
可折叠远侧叶轮,所述可折叠远侧叶轮与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述近侧叶轮的至少一部分远离所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置,
其中所述近侧叶轮在所述扩展配置中具有轴向长度,并且沿着所述轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少50%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至少55%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
18.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至少60%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
19.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至少65%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
20.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多90%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
21.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多80%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
22.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多75%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
23.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多70%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
24.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多65%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
25.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多60%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
26.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的至多55%靠近所述近侧扩张区域的远端布置。
27.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮的一部分在所述近侧叶轮处于扩展配置时比所述流体腔的近端进一步向近侧延伸。
28.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述流体腔还包括在所述近侧扩张区域的远侧的直径基本恒定部分。
29.根据权利要求16所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧扩张区域具有从所述扩张区域的远端至所述流体腔的近端的连续且逐渐的扩张。
30.一种血管内血泵,包括:
可折叠壳体,所述可折叠壳体包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端和近端;
可折叠远侧叶轮,所述可折叠远侧叶轮与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述远侧叶轮和所述近侧叶轮中的每一个的至少一部分被布置在所述流体腔的远端与近端之间,
其中所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置并且在旋转时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以下。
31.根据权利要求30所述的血泵,其中,所述血泵不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的翼片。
32.根据权利要求30所述的血泵,其中,所述血泵不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的定子叶片。
33.根据权利要求30所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一半靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
34.根据权利要求33所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少50%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
35.根据权利要求33所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少55%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
36.根据权利要求33所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少60%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
37.根据权利要求33所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少65%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
38.根据权利要求33所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多90%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
39.根据权利要求38所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多80%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
40.根据权利要求39所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多75%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
41.根据权利要求40所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多70%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
42.根据权利要求40所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多65%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
43.根据权利要求40所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多60%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
44.根据权利要求40所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多55%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
45.根据权利要求30所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一半被布置在所述流体腔的近侧扩张区域中。
46.根据权利要求30所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的55%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的45%以下。
47.根据权利要求46所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的60%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的40%以下。
48.根据权利要求47所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的70%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的30%以下。
49.根据权利要求48所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的大约80%而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的大约20%。
50.一种在受试者中在血管内泵送血液的方法,包括:
将泵壳体流体腔第一端定位在左心室中;
将所述血泵的远侧叶轮定位在所述左心室中;
将所述血泵的近侧叶轮定位在升主动脉中;
将泵壳体流体腔第二端定位在所述升主动脉中;
将所述流体腔的中心区域的至少一部分跨越主动脉瓣定位,
在定位于所述左心室中的所述流体腔第一端与定位于所述升主动脉中的所述流体腔第二端之间建立流动路径,使得所述远侧叶轮和所述近侧叶轮能够泵送血液通过所述流体腔;
旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的50%以下。
51.根据权利要求50所述的方法,其中,所述旋转步骤包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的60%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的40%以下。
52.根据权利要求50所述的方法,其中,所述旋转步骤包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的70%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的30%以下。
53.根据权利要求50所述的方法,其中,所述旋转步骤包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的75%以上而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的25%以下。
54.根据权利要求50所述的方法,其中,所述旋转步骤包括:旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的大约80%而所述远侧叶轮执行所述血泵的功的大约20%。
55.一种血管内血泵,包括:
可折叠壳体,所述可折叠壳体包括流体腔,所述流体腔具有远端和近端;
可折叠远侧叶轮,所述可折叠远侧叶轮与可折叠近侧叶轮轴向上分隔开,所述远侧叶轮具有扩展配置并且所述近侧叶轮具有扩展配置,所述远侧叶轮和所述近侧叶轮中的每一个的至少一部分被布置在所述流体腔的远端与近端之间,
其中所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置并且在旋转时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生由所述血泵产生的压力的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生由所述血泵产生的压力的50%以下。
56.根据权利要求55所述的血泵,其中,所述血泵不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的翼片。
57.根据权利要求55所述的血泵,其中,所述血泵不包括轴向地布置在所述近侧叶轮与所述远侧叶轮之间的定子叶片。
58.根据权利要求55所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一半靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
59.根据权利要求58所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少50%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
60.根据权利要求58所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少55%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
61.根据权利要求58所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少60%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
62.根据权利要求58所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少65%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
63.根据权利要求58所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多90%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
64.根据权利要求63所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多80%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
65.根据权利要求64所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多75%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
66.根据权利要求65所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多70%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
67.根据权利要求65所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多65%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
68.根据权利要求66所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多60%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
69.根据权利要求66所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至多55%靠近所述流体腔的直径基本恒定部分的近端布置。
70.根据权利要求55所述的血泵,其中,沿着轴向长度测量的所述近侧叶轮的至少一半被布置在所述流体腔的近侧扩张区域中。
71.根据权利要求55所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的55%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的45%以下。
72.根据权利要求71所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的60%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的40%以下。
73.根据权利要求72所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的70%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的30%以下。
74.根据权利要求73所述的血泵,其中,所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮在处于所述近侧叶轮和所述远侧叶轮的扩展配置时,均相对于所述流体腔定位,以使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的大约80%而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的大约20%。
75.一种在受试者中在血管内泵送血液的方法,包括:
将泵壳体流体腔第一端定位在左心室中;
将所述血泵的远侧叶轮定位在所述左心室中;
将所述血泵的近侧叶轮定位在升主动脉中;
将泵壳体流体腔第二端定位在所述升主动脉中;
将所述流体腔的中心区域的至少一部分跨越主动脉瓣定位,
在定位于所述左心室中的所述流体腔第一端与定位于所述升主动脉中的所述流体腔第二端之间建立流动路径,使得所述远侧叶轮和所述近侧叶轮能够泵送血液通过所述流体腔;
旋转所述远侧叶轮和近侧叶轮,从而使得所述近侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的50%以上而所述远侧叶轮产生所述血泵的压力的50%以下。
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