CN104854286A - 用于地板镶板的机械锁定系统 - Google Patents

用于地板镶板的机械锁定系统 Download PDF

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CN104854286A
CN104854286A CN201380060795.9A CN201380060795A CN104854286A CN 104854286 A CN104854286 A CN 104854286A CN 201380060795 A CN201380060795 A CN 201380060795A CN 104854286 A CN104854286 A CN 104854286A
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floor panel
group
joint tongue
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CN104854286B (zh
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D·佩尔万
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Sierralok innovation Inc.
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0535—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted for snap locking
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0552—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted to be rotated around an axis parallel to the joint edge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0564—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape depending on the use of specific materials
    • E04F2201/0588—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape depending on the use of specific materials of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及设置有机械锁定系统的地板镶板(1b，1c)，该机械锁定系统包括单独的材料以便减小竖直移位期间的卡合阻力。

Description

用于地板镶板的机械锁定系统
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于地板镶板和建筑镶板的机械锁定系统的领域，尤其涉及具有机械锁定系统的地板镶板，所述地板镶板可通过竖直移位而被锁定。
本发明的应用领域
本发明的实施例尤其适用于由通过锁定系统机械接合的地板镶板形成的浮式地板，该锁定系统与该地板镶板是一体的，即在工厂中安装，该地板镶板由一个或多个饰面(veneer)上层、装饰性层压板、基于粉末的表面、装饰性塑料材料、基于木质纤维材料或塑料材料的中间芯部和优选地位于该芯部的背面的下部平衡层构成。因此，作为非限制性的示例，下文对已知技术、已知系统的问题以及本发明的目的和特征的描述将首先针对此应用领域，尤其是针对具有长边和短边的形成为矩形地板镶板的基于纸的或无纸的层压地板，所述矩形地板镶板适合在长边和短边两者上机械接合。长边和短边主要用于简化本发明的描述。镶板可以是正方形的，还可以具有彼此不平行或垂直的多于四个的边。
应强调，本发明的实施例可以优选地在短边应用于任何地板镶板并且在长边上可以与所有类型的已知锁定系统相结合，其中地板镶板适合使用机械锁定系统接合，该机械锁定系统在水平和/或竖直方向上连接长边。本发明的实施例还可以用于接合优选包括板材的建筑镶板，例如墙板、天花板、家具部件和类似物。
背景技术
诸如层压地板镶板的浮式地板镶板通常借助于所谓的机械锁定系统机械接合。这些系统包括在所有边缘上水平和竖直地锁定镶板的锁定装置。
具有机械锁定系统的浮式地板的主要优点是它们易于安装。市场上有若干形式的锁定系统在使用，并且存在持续的对与生产成本和功能有关的改进的需求。
一些术语的定义
在下文中，安装好的地板镶板的可见表面被称为“正面”，而地板镶板的面向底层地板的相对侧被称为“背面”。正面与背面之间的边缘称为“接合边缘”。“水平面(HP)或主平面”是指平行于表面层的外侧部分延伸的平面。两个接合的地板镶板的两个相邻接合边缘的紧密并置的上侧部分共同限定了垂直于水平面的“竖直面(VP)”。“水平”是指平行于水平面，而“竖直”是指平行于竖直面。“上或向上”是指朝向正面，而“下或向下”是指朝向背面。“向内”是指基本水平地朝向镶板的内部，而“向外”是指基本水平地远离镶板的内部。“板条镶板”是指包括板条和锁定元件的镶板。“折叠镶板”是指具有构造成与用于水平锁定的锁定元件配合的锁定凹槽的镶板，该锁定元件适合在锁定期间倾斜并竖直移位。
已知技术及其问题
下文对已知技术的描述在可应用部分中也用于本发明的实施例。
为了在竖直和水平方向上将长边及短边机械接合，可以使用若干方法和锁定系统。最常用的方法之一是斜向卡合(angle-snap)法，最常用的锁定系统之一是与芯部一体形成的系统。通过斜接(angling)来安装长边。镶板然后在处于锁定位置的同时沿长边移位。通过水平卡合来锁定短边。
一种可选方法是所谓的斜接-斜接法，其中通过斜接来锁定长边和短边。
近来，已开发出一种新型的更简单的方法，其中可以仅通过长边的斜接来接合所有地板镶板。这种安装方法通常称为“向下折叠”安装。这种已知的“向下折叠”安装方法的一个示例在WO 03/016654的图18和19中示出。该方法的一个问题在于，布置在第一镶板的边缘处的柔性卡合突片必须通过第二镶板的相邻边缘的锋利上缘向内挤压。
WO 2006/043893图13d描述了一种向下折叠式锁定系统，该锁定系统在折叠镶板上包括柔性榫舌，该柔性榫舌抵靠在形成在相邻板条镶板的边缘中的刚性榫舌上锁定。该柔性榫舌在其外侧和下侧部分具有倾斜滑动面，该滑动面在折叠期间抵靠在刚性榫舌上滑动并且将柔性榫舌向内压入滑动凹槽中。滑动面的尺寸受柔性榫舌的厚度限制。该厚度不可能增大，因为这种增大的厚度也将增大移位凹槽的厚度并且这会对锁定系统的强度有负面影响。
发明内容
本发明的某些实施例的一个目的是提供一种可通过竖直折叠而被锁定的改进的机械锁定系统，该机械锁定系统包括带有与折叠镶板的边缘连接的外侧柔性卡合突片的柔性榫舌。
更具体地，该目的是提供一种竖直卡合锁定系统，该竖直卡合锁定系统在锁定期间形成较小的卡合阻力。
通过如文中所述的机械锁定系统和地板镶板来完全或部分实现本发明的某些实施例的上述目的。从权利要求书、说明书和附图可以显见本发明的更多实施例。
本发明的第一方面包括一组地板镶板，该组地板镶板可分别在第一和第二地板镶板的第一和第二边缘处彼此机械连接，其中所述第一和第二边缘的上缘在连接状态下限定一竖直面。第一边缘设置有与第一地板镶板的芯部一体形成的突出榫舌。所述突出榫舌延伸超出该竖直面。第二边缘设置有单独的(分开的/独立的，separate)柔性榫舌，该柔性榫舌包括内侧部分和外侧柔性卡合突片，所述内侧部分在第二边缘处连接至保持凹槽，所述外侧柔性卡合突片向上延伸并在连接状态下伸入突出榫舌下方的空腔中，以用于在竖直方向上将第一和第二地板镶板彼此锁定。第一边缘包括具有锁定元件的板条。第二边缘包括锁定凹槽，该锁定凹槽朝向第二地板镶板的面向底层地板的背面开口。该锁定元件的锁定面构造成在连接状态下与锁定凹槽的锁定面配合，以用于在与第一和第二边缘成直角的水平方向上将第一和第二地板镶板彼此锁定。第一和第二地板镶板可通过朝向彼此的竖直移位而机械连接，其中柔性卡合突片和突出榫舌构造成在所述移位期间配合，使得该柔性卡合突片的至少一部分在第一阶段通过突出榫舌朝向第二边缘弹性移位并且该柔性卡合突片在第二阶段朝向第一边缘移位以获得连接状态。
本发明提供了如下优点：柔性卡合突片可通过位于由与芯部相同的材料制成的相当柔软的榫舌上的倾斜引导面移位，并且这种移位可在不与硬的镶板上表面接触的情况下完成。
突出榫舌优选布置在板条上方。突出榫舌可布置在竖直面处并从竖直面延伸。
与WO 2006/043893图13d所示的移位凹槽相比，带有卡合突片的单独的柔性榫舌需要较小的保持凹槽。较小的保持凹槽使连接更牢固，因为可增加保持凹槽与锁定凹槽之间的距离。
突出榫舌优选在其上侧部分和外侧部分包括倾斜的或圆滑的(rounded)导引面。
突出榫舌和卡合突片优选构造成使得在所述竖直移位期间突出榫舌与卡合突片之间的初始接触处于卡合突片的上侧部分处。上侧部分处的初始接触减小了卡合突片或其一部分的移位所需的力。减小的力使得更容易连接地板镶板。
在突出榫舌的上侧部分与第二边缘之间可以存在一空间。
在板条的上侧部分与第二边缘之间可以存在一空间。
突出榫舌优选在其下侧部分处包括锁定面，该锁定面是倾斜的并在处于锁定位置时与柔性卡合突片接触。
突出榫舌的锁定面优选布置在板条上方。
柔性榫舌可被胶粘在保持凹槽中。
该保持凹槽可包括上壁和下壁以及在上壁与下壁之间延伸的内壁。优选在上壁、下壁和内壁处设置有胶水。柔性榫舌可被胶粘至上壁、下壁和内壁上。
锁定元件的锁定面和/或锁定凹槽的锁定面优选沿基本竖直方向或与竖直面成在约0度至约45度的范围内的角度延伸。
附图说明
将参考所附示意图通过示例的方式更详细地说明本发明，附图示出了本发明的实施例。
图1-5示出了已知系统。
图6a-6c示出了本发明的第一实施例。
图7a-7b示出了本发明的第二实施例。
图8a-8b示出了本发明的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
为有利于理解，附图中示意性地示出了若干锁定系统。应强调，可以使用优选实施例的组合来实现改进的或不同的功能。
已知的“向下折叠”安装方法在图1-4中描述。短边1b、1c的锁定利用剪刀状移动而发生，其中当一排中的镶板1c的长边通过斜接与事先安装的一排中的相邻镶板1a连接时，柔性榫舌30从一个边缘逐渐向内移动至另一个边缘。在大部分情况下由塑料区段制成的柔性卡合突片33在折叠期间沿接合部水平弯曲。卡合突片的一部分在折叠期间如图1所示被向内挤压，而其它部分与相邻边缘接触(图2)或如图4所示处于完全未锁定位置。在位于第一镶板1b——下文称为板条镶板——上的板条6上的锁定元件8与下文称为折叠镶板的相邻第二镶板1c配合成使得锁定元件8插入锁定凹槽14时，发生水平锁定。
图5a和5b示出了柔性榫舌30可连接到折叠镶板1c或板条镶板1b的边缘。
从制造角度看，柔性榫舌30连接到折叠镶板1c是有利的，因为容易将这种柔性榫舌插入保持凹槽32中。不存在突出板条6，并且柔性榫舌的插入可利用插入设备来完成，所述插入设备包括将榫舌引导到保持凹槽32中的相当简单的引导装置。如图5a所示的这种柔性榫舌30的一个问题在于，锁定系统难以锁定，因为卡合突片必须通过锋利的上缘被向内挤压。
图6a-6c示出了本发明的一个实施例。提供了一种板条镶板1b，该板条镶板1b包括板条6和锁定元件8，该锁定元件8与折叠镶板1c中的锁定凹槽14配合以用于折叠镶板1c和板条镶板1b的两个相邻边缘的水平锁定。该板条镶板包括具有上部倾斜的或圆滑的导引面11和下部锁定面12的突出榫舌10。折叠镶板1c在朝向竖直面VP开口的保持凹槽32中包括柔性榫舌30。柔性榫舌30具有连接在保持凹槽32中的内侧部分34以及具有向外和向上延伸的滑动面35的柔性卡合突片33。优选位于柔性卡合突片的上侧部分处的滑动面35在折叠镶板6c的竖直移位期间与导引面11配合并且产生使柔性卡合突片33如图6a-6b所示朝向保持凹槽32向内弯曲的压力。当边缘1b、1c水平对齐并且突出榫舌10的下侧部分上的下部锁定表面12如图6c所示抵靠在卡合突片33的上侧部分上锁定时，卡合突片33朝向其初始位置弹回并进入空腔31中。柔性卡合突片33和突出榫舌10将边缘平行于竖直面VP竖直地锁定。锁定元件8和锁定凹槽14将边缘在垂直于竖直面VP的水平方向上锁定。板条6和突出榫舌10形成在连接状态下容纳柔性卡合突片33的外侧部分的空腔31。突出榫舌优选在板条上方布置在竖直面处并从竖直面延伸。突出榫舌的锁定面优选布置在板条上方。
倾斜导引面11有利于容易的锁定，因为柔性卡合突片在锁定期间可以不与镶板表面的上部锋利边缘接触。即使在上缘与柔性卡合突片11之间的折叠期间可能存在接触的情况下，导引面也可用来有利于容易锁定。
下部锁定面12可以是倾斜的并且锁定可以利用预张紧来形成以使得处于锁定位置的卡合突片11被压靠在突出榫舌10的下侧部分上。
图7a示出了在榫舌10的上侧部分与相邻镶板边缘之间可以存在空间S1。利用突出榫舌10与柔性卡合突片33之间的上部接触点A和板条6与折叠镶板1c的下缘之间的下部接触点B来完成竖直锁定。卡合突片可以是柔性的或刚性的，取决于设计和材料成分。聚合物材料是优选的，并且柔性榫舌可以在例如内侧部分或卡合突片中包括若干不同材料。柔性榫舌30可包括肘式接合部36，该接合部36具有有利于卡合突片的弯曲和/或移位的增加的灵活性。锁定凹槽14和保持凹槽32优选水平错开，以便获得牢固的锁定系统，并且优选以地板厚度T的至少约30％的距离D1错开。锁定凹槽14的上侧部分和保持凹槽32的内侧部分优选也以距离D2竖直错开。
图7b示出了在板条6的上侧部分与相邻折叠镶板1c的下部边缘之间可以存在空间S2。利用突出榫舌10与柔性卡合突片33之间的下部接触点B以及突出榫舌10和与该突出榫舌重叠的折叠镶板1c的上侧部分之间的上部接触点A来完成此实施例中的竖直锁定。
图8a示出了镶板的上缘彼此接触并且导引面11从镶板表面向下延伸的实施例。肘式接合部36由比内侧部分34和卡合突片33软的柔性材料37构成。柔性榫舌30包括内侧部分34，该内侧部分34包括位于柔性卡合突片33下方的下侧部分34a。
图8b示出了保持凹槽32包括胶水38并且柔性榫舌30被胶粘在该保持凹槽中的实施例。这提供了更牢固的锁定系统，并且可以避免主要在保持凹槽32与锁定凹槽14之间延伸的裂缝C。柔性榫舌30的最下侧部分可基本位于与折叠镶板1c的下部和外侧部分39相同的水平面上。该保持凹槽可包括上壁和下壁以及在上壁与下壁之间延伸的内壁。优选在上壁、下壁和内壁处设置有胶水。柔性榫舌优选被胶粘至上壁、下壁和内壁上。

Claims (14)

1.一组地板镶板，所述地板镶板能分别在第一和第二地板镶板(1b，1c)的第一和第二边缘处彼此机械连接，其中所述第一和第二边缘的上缘在连接状态下限定一竖直面(VP)，其特征在于，
所述第一边缘设置有与所述第一地板镶板的芯部一体形成的突出榫舌(10)，所述突出榫舌(10)延伸超出所述竖直面(VP)，
所述第二边缘设置有单独的柔性榫舌(30)，
所述柔性榫舌包括内侧部分(34)和外侧柔性卡合突片(33)，所述内侧部分连接到所述第二边缘处的保持凹槽(32)，所述外侧柔性卡合突片(33)向上延伸并在连接状态下延伸到所述突出榫舌下方的空腔(31)中，以用于在竖直方向上将所述第一和第二地板镶板彼此锁定，
所述第一边缘包括带有锁定元件(8)的板条(6)，
所述第二边缘包括锁定凹槽(14)，所述锁定凹槽朝向所述第二地板镶板的面向底层地板的背面开口，
所述锁定元件的锁定面构造成在连接状态下与所述锁定凹槽的锁定面配合以用于在与所述第一和第二边缘成直角的水平方向上将所述第一和第二地板镶板彼此锁定，
其中，所述第一和第二地板镶板能通过朝向彼此的竖直移位而机械连接，其中所述柔性卡合突片(33)和所述突出榫舌(10)构造成在所述移位期间配合，使得所述柔性卡合突片(33)的至少一部分在第一阶段通过所述突出榫舌(10)而朝向所述第二边缘弹性移位，并且所述柔性卡合突片(33)在第二阶段朝向所述第一边缘移位，以获得所述连接状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌(10)的外侧部分在其外侧和上侧部分处包括倾斜的或圆滑的导引面(11)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌(10)布置在所述板条(6)上方。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌(10)布置在所述竖直面处并从所述竖直面延伸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，在所述突出榫舌(10)的上侧部分与所述第二边缘之间设置有空间(S1)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，在所述板条(6)的上侧部分与所述第二边缘之间设置有空间(S2)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌(10)在其下侧部分包括锁定面(12)，所述锁定面在连接状态下构造成与所述柔性卡合突片(33)配合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌的所述下侧部分的所述锁定面(12)是倾斜的。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌(10)的所述下侧部分的所述锁定面(12)布置在所述板条(6)上方。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述突出榫舌(10)和所述卡合突片(33)构造成使得在所述竖直移位期间所述突出榫舌与所述卡合突片之间的初始接触位于所述卡合突片的上侧部分处。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述柔性榫舌(30)被胶粘在所述保持凹槽(32)中。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述保持凹槽(32)包括上壁和下壁以及在所述上壁与所述下壁之间延伸的内壁。
13.根据权利要求12所述的一组地板镶板，其中，在所述上壁、所述下壁和所述内壁处设置有胶水。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的一组地板镶板，其中，所述柔性榫舌被胶粘至所述上壁、所述下壁和所述内壁。
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