AU2012295598B2

AU2012295598B2 - Mechanical locking system for floor panels

Info

Publication number: AU2012295598B2
Application number: AU2012295598A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Darko Pervan; Tony Pervan
Original assignee: Ceraloc Innovation AB
Current assignee: Ceraloc Innovation AB
Priority date: 2011-08-15
Filing date: 2012-08-14
Publication date: 2017-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-14
Also published as: CN103732841A; UA110987C2; EP2744952A4; WO2013025164A1; JP6184953B2; EP3299539A1; KR102058467B1; RU2014107916A; RU2597900C2; BR112014002946A2; CA2844393A1; MY165233A; EP2744952B1; JP2014526004A; CA2844393C; PL2744952T3; KR20140053262A; EP2744952A1; CN103732841B; EP3299539B1

Abstract

Floor panels are shown, which are provided with a vertical locking system on short edges including a displaceable tongue that is displaced in one direction into a tongue groove during vertical displacement of two panels.

Description

WO 2013/025164 PCT/SE2012/050872

MECHANICAL LOCKING SYSTEM FOR FLOOR PANELS TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention generally relates to the field of mechanical locking systems for floor panels and building panels and production methods to insert a tongue into a 5 groove.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in floating floors, which are formed of 10 floor panels which are joined mechanically with a locking system integrated with the floor panel, i.e. mounted at the factory, are made up of one or more upper layers of wood or wood veneer, decorative laminate, powder based surfaces or decorative plastic material, an intermediate 15 core of wood-fibre-based material or plastic material and preferably a lower balancing layer on the rear side of the core. Floor panels with a surface layer of cork, linoleum, rubber or soft wear layers, for instance needle felt glued to a board, printed and preferably also var-20 nished surface and floors with hard surfaces such as stone, tile and similar materials are included. Embodiments of the invention may also be used for joining building panels which preferably contain a board material for instance wall panels, ceilings, furniture components 25 and similar.

The following description of prior-art technique, problems of known systems and objects and features of the invention will therefore, as a non-restrictive example, 30 be aimed above all at this field of application and in particular at panels formed as rectangular floor panels with long and shorts edges intended to be mechanically joined to each other on both long and short edges.

The long and short edges are mainly used to simplify the description of embodiments of the invention. The panels may be square. The invention is preferably used on the 5 short edges. It should be emphasised that the invention may be used in any floor panel and it may be combined with all types of known locking system formed on the long edges, where the floor panels are intended to be joined using a mechanical locking system connecting the panels 10 in the horizontal and vertical directions on at least two adjacent sides.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Laminate flooring usually comprise a core of a 6-12 mm 15 fibre board, a 0,2-0,8 mm thick upper decorative surface layer of laminate and a 0.1-0.6 mm thick lower balancing layer of laminate, plastic, paper or like material. A laminate surface comprises melamine-impregnated paper.

The most common core material is fibreboard with high 20 density and good stability usually called HDF - High

Density Fibreboard. Sometimes also MDF - Medium Density Fibreboard - is used as core.

Laminate floorings are joined mechanically by means of 25 so-called mechanical locking systems. These systems comprise locking means, which lock the panels horizontally and vertically. The mechanical locking systems are usually formed by machining of the core of the panel. Alternatively, parts of the locking system may be form-30 ed of a separate material, for instance aluminium or HDF, which is integrated with the floor panel, i.e. joined with the floor panel in connection with the manufacture thereof. 35 WO 2013/025164 2 PCT/SE2012/050872

The main advantages of floating floors with mechanical locking systems are that they are easy to install. They WO 2013/025164 PCT/SE2012/050872 3 may also easily be taken up again and used once more at a different location.

DEFINITION OF SOME TERMS 5 In the following text, the visible surface of the installed floor panel is called "front side", while the opposite side of the floor panel, facing the sub floor, is called "rear side". The edge between the front and rear side is called "joint edge". By "horizontal plane" 10 is meant a plane, which extends parallel to the outer part of the surface layer. Immediately juxtaposed upper parts of two adjacent joint edges of two joined floor panels together define a "vertical plane" perpendicular to the horizontal plane. By "vertical locking" is meant 15 locking parallel to the vertical plan. By "horizontal locking" is meant locking parallel to the horizontal plane .

By "up" is meant towards the front side, by "down" towards the rear side, by "inwardly" mainly horizontally 20 towards an inner and centre part of the panel and by "outwardly" mainly horizontally away from the centre part of the panel.

By "locking systems" are meant co acting connecting elements, which connect the floor panels vertically 25 and/or horizontally.

RELATED ART AND PROBLEMS THEREOF

For mechanical joining of long edges as well as short edges in the vertical and in the first horizontal 30 direction perpendicular to the edges several methods may be used. One of the most used methods is the angle-snap method. The long edges are installed by angling. The panel is than displaced in locked position along the long side. The short edges are locked by horizontal snapping. 35 The vertical connection is generally a tongue and a groove. During the horizontal displacement, a strip with a locking element is bent and when the edges are in WO 2013/025164 PCT/SE2012/050872 4 contact, the strip springs back and a locking element enters a locking groove and locks the panels horizontally. Such a snap connection is complicated since a hammer and a tapping block may need to be used to 5 overcome the friction between the long edges and to bend the strip during the snapping action.

Similar locking systems may also be produced with a rigid strip and they are connected with an angling-angling 10 method where both short and long edges are angled into a locked position.

Recently new and very efficient locking systems have been introduced with a separate flexible or displaceable 15 integrated tongue on the short edge that allows installation with only an angling action, generally referred to as "vertical folding". Such a system is described in WO 2006/043893 (Valinge Innovation AB). 20 Several versions are used on the market. One of the most used versions is shown in figures la-ld. A flexible tongue 30 is during locking displaced in a horizontally extending displacement groove 40 and into a tongue groove 20 of an adjacent panel. The displaceable tongue locks 25 the edges vertically and a strip 6 with a locking element that cooperates with a locking groove 14 locks the panels horizontally. The locking is a combination of vertical displacement and turning similar to a scissor action. The tongue is gradually displaced inwardly during locking 30 from one inner edge to an outer edge as shown in figure Id such that the tongue is bent in the length direction. Such systems are referred to as vertical snap systems and they provide an automatically locking during the folding action. 35

Although such systems are very efficient, there is still a room for improvements. 2012295598 26 May 2016 5

High locking force can only be accomplished with high snapping resistance when the tongue is pressed inwardly and bent in the length direction. This creates separation forces that tend to push the panels apart during folding. 5 The locking may lose its strength if the flexibility and pressing force of the tongue decreases over time.

The flexibility must be considerable and allow that a flexible tongue is displaced in two directions about 1-2 10 mm. The material, which is used to produce such tongues, is rather expensive and glass fibres are generally used to reinforce the flexible tongue.

It would be a major advantage if snapping could be 15 eliminated in a system that locks automatically during folding .

The discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is included in this specification 20 solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before 25 the priority date of each claim of this application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention seeks to provide a locking system for primarily rectangular floor panels with long and 30 short edges installed in parallel rows, which allows that the short edges may be locked to each other automatically without a snap action that creates a locking resistance and separation forces of the short edges during folding. 2012295598 23 May 2017 5a

According to a first aspect of the present invention, building panels are provided with a locking system for vertical locking of a first and a second building panel by a vertical displacement of said building panels 5 relative to each other, said locking system including a displaceable tongue in a sidewardly open displacement groove provided at an edge of the first building panel, said tongue arranged to cooperate with a tongue groove provided at an adjacent edge of the second building panel 10 for locking the edge and the adjacent edge vertically, a strip protruding: below the displacement groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the edge; or below the tongue groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the adjacent edge, the displaceable tongue including a 15 pulling extension at an outer part configured to cooperate with a pulling protrusion formed at the adjacent edge such that the displaceable tongue is pulled out from the displacement groove and into the tongue groove when the edges of said building panels are 20 displaced vertically against each other, and wherein the displaceable tongue includes a locking hook that prevents the tongue from sliding back into the displacement groove after locking. 25 The invention further provides a panel locking system for locking a first and a second building panel by vertical displacement of the building panels relative to each other, said locking system including a displaceable tongue in a sidewardly open displacement groove provided 30 at an edge of the first building panel, said tongue arranged to cooperate with a tongue groove provided at an adjacent edge of the second building panel for locking the edge and the adjacent edge vertically, a strip protruding: below the displacement groove and outwardly 2012295598 23 May 2017 6 beyond an upper part of the edge; or below the tongue groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the adjacent edge, the displaceable tongue including a pulling extension at an outer part configured to cooperate with a 5 pulling protrusion formed at the adjacent edge such that the displaceable tongue is pulled out from the displacement groove and into the tongue groove when the edges of said building panels are displaced vertically against each other, and wherein the displaceable tongue 10 includes a locking hook that prevents the tongue from sliding back into the displacement groove after locking.

Still further, the invention provides a surface constructed using building panels according to the first 15 aspect of the invention.

The pulling protrusion may be part of the tongue groove.

The pulling extension may be inclined in relation to a 20 main horizontal plane of the panels.

The pulling protrusion may be inclined in relation to a main horizontal plane of the panels. 25 The locking hook may lock against an outer part of the displacement groove. 7 2012295598 26 May 2016 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The disclosure will in the following be described in connection to exemplary embodiments and in greater detail with reference to the appended exemplary drawings, 5 wherein:

Figs la-d illustrate locking systems according to known technology. 10 Figs 2a-e illustrate a short edge locking system according to an embodiment of the invention. 15

Figs 3a-3c illustrate a short edge locking system according to preferred embodiments of the invention.

Figs 4a-c illustrate preferred embodiments of short edge locking systems with a separate strip. 20 Figs 5a-e illustrate a locking system according to an embodiment of the invention with a locking hook that prevents unlocking.

Figs 6a-d 25 illustrate a tongue according to an embodiment of the invention with increased flexibility related to bending in length direction.

Figs 7a-d 30 illustrate a method according to an embodiment of the invention to insert a tongue into a groove .

Figs 8a-c illustrate an embodiment of the invention. 2012295598 26 May 2016 35 8

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

To facilitate understanding, several locking systems in the figures are shown schematically. It should be 5 emphasised that improved or different functions may be achieved using combinations of the embodiments.

All embodiments may be used separately or in combinations. Angles, dimensions, rounded parts, spaces 10 between surfaces etc. are only examples that may be adjusted within the basic principles of the invention.

Figures 2a-2e show a first preferred embodiment of a short edge locking system provided with a flexible and 15 displaceable tongue 30 in an edge of a first panel 1 inserted in a horizontally extending displacement groove 40. The displaceable tongue 30 has a pulling extension 31 comprising a tongue pulling surface 32 and tongue locking surface 33. The second adjacent panel 1' has a pulling 20 protrusion 21 with a groove pulling surface 22 that is also a part of a tongue groove 20 comprising a groove locking surface 23. The pulling surfaces 22, 32 cooperate during the vertical displacement and pull the displaceable tongue 30 into a tongue groove 20. The 25 pulling extension 31 comprises a tongue locking surface 33 that locks against a groove locking surface 23 and prevents vertical displacement of the edges in a first vertical direction. A locking strip 6 and a lower part 39 of the adjacent panel locks the edges in a second 30 vertical direction. A locking element 8 and a locking groove 14 locks the edges horizontally together with the upper edges. The vertical connection may be used without the horizontal locking as shown by figure 2e. Short edges may be locked horizontally by for example friction between long edges. 2012295598 26 May 2016 9

The tongue may be attached into a displacement groove 40 formed on the panel comprising the strip 6, the strip panel, or on the panel comprising the locking groove, the groove panel, as shown in figures 3a-3c. The pulling 5 protrusion 21 may extend upwardly or downwardly and the displacement groove may be inclined against the horizontal plane HP.

Figures 4a-4c show that the strip 6 may be formed as a 10 separate material. The pulling protrusion 21 may be flexible and this may eliminate production tolerances and facilitate the displacement of the tongue 30 into the tongue groove 20 during folding. 15 Figures 5a-5e show that the displaceable tongue 30 may comprise a locking hook 34 that may serve as a friction connection to prevent the tongue 30 from falling out from the groove 40 but also to prevent the tongue from sliding back after locking. The locking angle A1 is preferably 20 about 45 degrees or higher. A higher angle facilitates displacement into the tongue groove 20 but also backward displacement. This may be prevented by a hook connection 34 that preferably locks against an upper or lower part of the displacement groove 40. The hook connection is 25 pressed into the groove by a hammer that inserts the tongue 30 into the groove 40 during production. The hook 34 slides against a bevel formed at the displacement groove 40 as shown in figure 5c. The upper part of the locking element 8 is preferably located vertically below 30 the tongue locking surface 33 as shown in figure 5d. This gives a stronger locking. The locking system may have a geometry that allows locking and unlocking with angling. 2012295598 26 May 2016 10

Figures 6a-6c show that the displaceable tongue 30 turns and bends in the length direction during folding when an inner short edge of the tongue, as shown in figure 6b is in locked position and an outer short edge of the tongue 5 30 is in unlocked position as shown in figure 6d. The locking function may be improved if cavities 35 are formed on the displaceable tongue 30. Locking may also be improved if the locking surface 32 at an edge has a lower angle than at an inner part as shown in figures 6b and 10 6c. The cavities 35 may be formed at tongue section where the locking hooks 34 are formed. The displaceable tongue 30 comprises preferably a polymer material and is preferably formed by injection moulding. 15 Figures 7a-7d show that the locking hook 34 may comprise a hook part 34a that is used to press the hook connection upwards by inserting rails 36 during the insertion of the tongue 30 into the displacement groove 40. 20 Figures 8a-8c show that the locking hook 34 may be used to prevent unlocking in any locking system where a tongue is displace in a groove from an inner position to an outer position. The shown locking system comprises pushing protrusions 38 located in pushing cavities 37. 25 The pushing protrusions slide against the locking element 8 and push the tongue 30 into a tongue groove 20. The locking element 8 is preferably located vertically below the cooperating locking surfaces 23,33 of the tongue 30 and the tongue groove 20. 30

Claims

The claims defining the invention are as follows:

1. Building panels provided with a locking system for vertical locking of a first and a second building panel by a vertical displacement of said building panels relative each other, said locking system including a displaceable tongue in a sidewardly open displacement groove provided at an edge of the first building panel, said tongue arranged to cooperate with a tongue groove provided at an adjacent edge of the second building panel for locking the edge and the adjacent edge vertically, a strip protruding: below the displacement groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the edge; or below the tongue groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the adjacent edge, the displaceable tongue including a pulling extension at an outer part configured to cooperate with a pulling protrusion formed at the adjacent edge such that the displaceable tongue is pulled out from the displacement groove and into the tongue groove when the edges of said building panels are displaced vertically against each other, and wherein the displaceable tongue includes a locking hook that prevents the tongue from sliding back into the displacement groove after locking.
2. Building panels as claimed in claim 1, wherein a part of said pulling protrusion is a part of the tongue groove .
3. Building panels as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the pulling extension and the pulling protrusion are inclined in relation to a main horizontal plane of the panels.
4. Building panels according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking hook locks against an outer part of the displacement groove.
5. Building panels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said building panels are floor panels.
6. Building panels according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip includes a locking element which is arranged to cooperate with a locking groove in the second building panel for locking the edges horizontally.
7. Building panels according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip is formed separately to either the first or second building panels.
8. Building panels according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pulling protrusion is flexible .
9. Building panels according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pulling extension comprises a tongue locking surface configured to lock against a groove locking surface and to prevent vertical displacement of the edges in a first vertical direction.
10. Building panels according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip and a lower part of the adjacent panel are configured to lock the edges in a second vertical direction.
11. A panel locking system for locking a first and a second building panel by vertical displacement of the building panels relative to each other, said locking system including a displaceable tongue in a sidewardly open displacement groove provided at an edge of the first building panel, said tongue arranged to cooperate with a tongue groove provided at an adjacent edge of the second building panel for locking the edge and the adjacent edge vertically, a strip protruding: below the displacement groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the edge; or below the tongue groove and outwardly beyond an upper part of the adjacent edge, the displaceable tongue including a pulling extension at an outer part configured to cooperate with a pulling protrusion formed at the adjacent edge such that the displaceable tongue is pulled out from the displacement groove and into the tongue groove when the edges of said building panels are displaced vertically against each other, and wherein the displaceable tongue includes a locking hook that prevents the tongue from sliding back into the displacement groove after locking.
12. A surface constructed using building panels according to any one of claims 1 to 10.