CN104285097A - 反射器和包括所述反射器的灯 - Google Patents

反射器和包括所述反射器的灯 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104285097A
CN104285097A CN201380023533.5A CN201380023533A CN104285097A CN 104285097 A CN104285097 A CN 104285097A CN 201380023533 A CN201380023533 A CN 201380023533A CN 104285097 A CN104285097 A CN 104285097A
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China
Prior art keywords
facet
reflector
profile
lamp
light
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Pending
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CN201380023533.5A
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Inventor
M.J.迈尔
G.H.屈恩斯勒
J.秦尼亚
B.L.尤德
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Current Lighting Solutions LLC
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GE Lighting Solutions LLC
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Publication of CN104285097A publication Critical patent/CN104285097A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/08—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements and reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
    • F21V29/503—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/502—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components
    • F21V29/507—Cooling arrangements characterised by the adaptation for cooling of specific components of means for protecting lighting devices from damage, e.g. housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/63—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air using electrically-powered vibrating means; using ionic wind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F21V29/75—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with fins or blades having different shapes, thicknesses or spacing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/83—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks the elements having apertures, ducts or channels, e.g. heat radiation holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/10—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/041—Optical design with conical or pyramidal surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/048—Optical design with facets structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0972—Prisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
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    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V23/004—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array arranged on a substrate, e.g. a printed circuit board
    • F21V23/006—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array arranged on a substrate, e.g. a printed circuit board the substrate being distinct from the light source holder
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    • F21V23/007—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array enclosed in a casing
    • F21V23/009—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electronics drivers or controllers for operating the light source, e.g. for a LED array enclosed in a casing the casing being inside the housing of the lighting device
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    • F21V29/77—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical diverging planar fins or blades, e.g. with fan-like or star-like cross-section
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    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

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  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

反射器(124)和灯(100)的实施例利用所述反射器(124)和发光二极管(LED)装置(114)产生大致类似于常规白炽灯泡的光强分布。所述灯(100)可包括散热组件(112)，所述散热组件(112)具有环形地设置在外壳(116)周围并且与所述外壳(116)间隔开以促进对流气流的一个或多个散热组件。在一个实施例中，所述反射器作为全内反射(TIR)透镜进行工作。

Description

反射器和包括所述反射器的灯
技术领域
本公开的主题涉及照明和照明装置，并且更具体地说，涉及利用定向光源和反射器来产生大致类似于普通白炽灯的光强分布的灯的实施例。
背景技术
白炽灯(例如，完整的白炽灯泡和卤素灯泡)通过螺纹底座连接器(也就是，在白炽灯泡背景下的“爱迪生底座”)、卡口式底座连接器(也就是，在白炽灯泡背景下的卡口底座)，或其他标准底座连接器与灯座配合。这些白炽灯通常为一体式封装的形式，所述一体式封装包括用于由标准电力源(例如，110V和/02 220V AC和/或12VDC和/或DC电池)操作所述灯的部件。在白炽灯的情况下，所述灯包括在高温下操作并且有效地将余热辐射至周围环境中的白炽灯丝。此外，大多数白炽灯为自然全方向光源，这种光源提供具有大致均匀光强分布(一种“强度分布”)的光。
节能照明技术包括固态照明装置如LED、具有LED作为光源的灯(LED灯)，以及通常具有优于白炽灯的性能的其他基于LED的装置。固态照明装置的优越性能可通过其有效寿命(例如，其随时间流逝的流明维持和可靠性)以及其以每瓦特流明(LPW)为单位测量的更高功效来量化。例如，与基于LED的灯的寿命一般超过25,000小时相比，白炽灯的寿命一般在近似1,000至5,000小时的范围内。在另一实例中，与基于LED的灯的功效一般在40至100LPW的范围内对比，白炽灯的功效一般在10至30LPW的范围内。
基于LED的装置在一些应用中具有一个明显缺点；也就是，基于LED的装置本质上为高度单向的。例如，普通的基于LED的装置是平坦的并且通常仅从装置的一个侧面发射光。因此，尽管就某些性能方面而言是优越的，但被设计成用于白炽灯的合适替代物和/或替换物的许多可商购LED灯的强度分布不能以令人满意的方式或在足够的程度上复制白炽灯的强度分布。
关于固态照明技术的另一挑战为需要找到充分散热的方法。例如，与包括白炽灯丝或卤素灯丝的白炽灯相比，基于LED的装置对就其性能和可靠性而言的温度变化高度敏感。通常通过将散热器与基于LED的装置接触或热接触放置来解决这个温度敏感性挑战。不幸的是，取决于其布置的所述散热器可能阻挡LED灯发射的全部或一部分的光，从而可能进一步限制LED灯产生具有更均匀光强分布的光的能力。此外，对灯的物理约束，例如限定包括光源在内所有灯部件的最大尺寸的规定限制，进一步限制了基于LED的灯充分和有效地散热的能力。
相应地，需要一种LED灯，它能进一步激励家庭和商业机构从常规白炽灯转换并安装更节能的灯(例如，LED灯)。因此，存在对一种灯的需要，所述灯更接近地产生具有与白炽灯一致的均匀光强分布的光，同时就灯的平均寿命和功效而言实现优越的性能。此外，存在对如LED灯的固态照明装置的需要，所述LED灯有效且高效地散热而不会不利地影响LED灯的光强分布的均匀性。
发明内容
本公开在一个实施例中描述一种灯，所述灯包括形成内部容积的外壳和设置在所述内部容积内的反射器。所述反射器包括具有分别接近放射镜的外周向边缘和中心轴的第一端和第二端的刻面。所述刻面具有外部刻面轮廓，所述外部刻面轮廓具有第一面、与第一面相反的第二面和设置在它们之间的刻面边缘。在一个实例中，第一面和第二面配置用于至少部分地反射光。
本公开在一个实施例中描述一种灯，所述灯包括具有光轴的发光二极管装置和与发光二极管装置间隔开的反射器。所述反射器具有与光轴对齐的中心轴并且包括周向地设置在中心轴周围的多个刻面。所述刻面具有外部刻面轮廓，所述外部刻面轮廓具有第一面、与第一面相反的第二面和设置在它们之间的刻面边缘。所述灯还包括与反射器成包围关系的外壳。所述灯进一步包括散热组件，所述散热组件具有与外壳的外表面间隔开从而形成空气间隙的散热组件。
本公开在一个实施例中描述用于在灯中使用的反射器。所述反射器包括周向地设置在中心轴周围的形成外周向边缘的多个刻面。所述刻面具有外部刻面轮廓，所述外部刻面轮廓具有第一面、与第一面相反的第二面和设置在它们之间的刻面边缘。在一个实例中，所述外部刻面轮廓包括接近反射器的外周向边缘的第一轮廓和接近中心轴的与第一轮廓不同的第二轮廓。
结合附图，参照以下描述，本公开的其他特征和优点将变得明显。
附图说明
现在简要参考附图，在附图中：
图1示出灯的一个示例性实施例的侧视示意图，所述灯具有定向光源以及分散来自光源的具有均匀光强的光的反射器；
图2示出灯的另一示例性实施例的侧视图，所述灯具有定向光源、反射器和散热组件以便获得均匀光强；
图3示出用于在图1和2中的灯中使用的示例性光漫射组件的透视图；
图4示出图3的示例性漫射器的侧视截面图；
图5示出用于在图3和4的光漫射组件以及图1和2的灯中使用的示例性反射器的透视图；
图6示出图5反射器的单个刻面的顶视图；
图7示出在图6中沿线7-7截取的反射器的单个刻面的前视图；
图8示出在图6中沿线8-8截取的反射器的单个刻面的侧视截面图，所述侧视截面图示出所述刻面的外部轮廓的一种构型；
图9示出在图5中沿线9-9截取的反射器的截面图，所述截面图示出所述单个刻面的外部轮廓的第一轮廓和第二轮廓；
图10示出用于在图3和4的光漫射组件以及图1和2的灯中使用的具有向上圆锥形状的示例性反射器；
图11示出用于在图3和4的光漫射组件以及图1和2的灯中使用的具有向下圆锥形状的示例性反射器；
图12示出用于在图3和4的光漫射组件以及图1和2的灯中使用的具有带弯曲和/或曲线特征的圆锥形状的示例性反射器；
图13示出用于在图3和4的光漫射组件以及图1和2的灯中使用的具有多件结构的示例性反射器的分解组件的透视图；以及
图14示出用于灯的一个实施例(如，图1和2的灯)的光强分布轮廓的曲线图。
在适用情况下，类似参考符号在若干视图中表示相同或对应的部件和单元，这些视图不按比例绘制，除非另有说明。
具体实施方式
图1示出灯100的示例性实施例。灯100包括底座102、中心轴104、上杆106和下杆108。上杆106和下杆108位于中心轴104上并且限定球面坐标系，所述球面坐标系对描述照明的空间分布和灯产生的所述照明的强度是有用的。在本发明的这个描述中使用的球面坐标系包括海拔或纬度坐标θ和方位或经度坐标Φ。为了以下描述的目的，海拔或纬度坐标θ应被限定为在中心轴104的上杆106处等于0度(0°)，以及在中心轴104的下杆108处等于180度(180°)。
灯100还包括光漫射组件110、散热组件112，和能够产生光的光源114。光漫射组件110包括外壳116，所述外壳116具有外表面118和包围内部容积122的内表面120。光漫射组件110还包括位于外壳的内部容积122内的反射器124。反射器124具有顶部126和底部128，其中来自光源114的光在底部128进入反射器124。
灯100的实例产生舒适的室内照明，例如类似于白炽A-19灯。如以下更多提及的，反射器124可包括周向地设置在中心轴104周围的多个刻面。这些刻面具有反射和/或漫射来自光源114的光的几何结构，从而增强灯100的照明特点。在一个实例中，所述刻面以与全内反射(TIR)透镜和类似无损反射特性一致的方式形成和/或反射光。由于反射器，来自光源114的光以相对于刻面表面的法线成这种陡峭角度(或大于透镜材料的所谓临界角)来撞击表面，以使得光不能经过表面并且相反从这些表面反射，仿佛表面被覆盖了反射性的材料。
外壳116的外表面118和内表面120由透光材料制成。在一些实例中，用于制造外壳116的透光材料从以下组中选出，所述组包括玻璃、丙烯酸树脂、漫射聚碳酸酯、其他可商购的漫射聚合物(例如，Teijin ML5206，)，或它们的任何组合。在其他实例中，外壳116包括的材料为固有光漫射的(例如，乳白玻璃)，或可通过各种方法被制成光漫射的，所述方法例如为磨砂和/或纹理化处理外表面118和/或内表面120以增强光漫射。在一个实例中，外壳116包括如瓷漆的涂层(未示出)和/或其他光漫射涂层(例如，可购自美国纽约的通用电气公司(General Electric Company，New York，USA))。合适类型的涂层被发现在普通白炽灯泡和荧光灯泡上。在又一实例中，可部署将光散射颗粒、纤维和/或其他光散射介质嵌入构成外壳116的材料中的制造技术。
在相对高水平下，在灯100的实施例中反射器124的使用产生了具有相对光强分布(或“光强”)的光，所述相对光强分布在介于0度(0°)与135度(135°)或更高之间的纬度坐标θ的值的范围内为近似100±20％的水平，其中100％对应于在所述范围内的平均强度。在一个实施例中，对于小于或近似等于150度(150°)的纬度坐标，灯100维持100±20％的相对光强。这些光强分布轮廓遵从能源部(DOE)为固态照明装置以及其他适用的工业标准和等级(例如，ENERGY)设置的光强目标值。灯100的光强的水平和分布使灯100成为常规白炽灯泡的合适替代物或替换物。此外，灯100的物理特点和尺寸与这类普通白炽灯泡的实际轮廓大体一致，其中外部尺寸限定了灯100必须装入其内的边界。这个外边界尺寸的实例满足一个或多个规定限制或标准(例如，ASNI、NEMA等)。在一个实施例中，外壳116可为大致中空的并且具有漫射光的曲线几何结构(例如，球形、类似球形、椭圆形、环形、卵形，和/或数学上产生的自由形状)。
反射器124装入外壳116的内部容积122内的一个位置处以便拦截从光源114发射的光。如图1所示，这个位置与光源114和外壳116的上部或顶部间隔开。间隔量可取决于反射器124的结构以及灯100的其他特征和特性。在一种结构中，反射器124的周向边缘用粘合剂或粘合材料固定至外壳116的内表面120。在其他结构中，外壳116的内表面120和反射器124的周向边缘可包括一个或多个互补配合元件(例如，突台和/或壁架、舌部和/或凹槽)。这些互补配合元件的组合将反射器124固定就位。在另一种结构中，所述配合元件可形成搭扣配合、塑料焊缝，或具有阻止反射器124从所述位置(例如，如图1所示)以任何明显的程度移动的其他配合构型。
图2示出灯200的另一示例性实施例的侧视图，所述灯200具有中心轴204、光漫射组件210、散热组件212和光源214。光漫射组件210包括外壳216，所述外壳216具有外表面218和与反射器224成包围关系的内表面220。光源214可包括具有一个或多个发光元件如发光二极管(LED)装置的固态装置。散热组件212包括与光源214热接触的底座元件229和连接至底座元件229的至少一个散热组件230。散热组件230促进热的传导、对流和辐射而远离光源214。在一个实施例中，散热组件230具有形成散热组件230的外周边或形状的周向边缘232。周向边缘232包括外周向边缘234和接近外壳216的外表面218的内周向边缘236。间隙238将散热组件230的周向边缘232的内周向边缘236与外壳216的外表面218分开。间隙238将散热组件230的一端与外壳216的外表面218间隔开，这有助于空气流动和对流以便促进热的冷却和散热远离灯200，同时也改善纬度方向上的强度分布。
在一个示例性实施例中，光源214为平面的基于LED的光源，所述平面的基于LED的光源将光发射至具有朗伯强度分布的半球中，与用于产生全方向照明分布的光漫射组件210兼容。在一个实施例中，平面的基于LED的朗伯光源包括安装在电路板(未示出)上的多个LED装置(例如，LED 232)，所述电路板可选地为金属芯印刷电路板(MCPCM)。所述LED装置可包括不同类型的LED。在一个实施例中，至少一个第一类型的LED可与至少一个第二类型的LED组合，其中第一和第二类型的LED具有各自的光谱和强度，所述光谱和强度彼此混合以呈现具有所希望的色温和显色指数(CRI)的白光。在一个实施例中，第一类型的LED输出白光，所述白光在一个实例中具有呈绿色的再现(例如，通过使用覆盖有合适的“白色”磷光体的蓝色或紫色发光LED芯片可实现)。第二类型的LED输出红色和/或橙色光(例如，使用GaAsP或AlGaInP或自然发射红色和/或橙色光的其他外延性LED芯片可实现)。来自第一类型的LED和来自第二类型的LED的光混合在一起以产生改进的颜色再现。在另一个实施例中，所述平面的基于LED的光源也可包括单个LED或合并至单个LED装置中的LED发射器阵列，所述单个LED装置可为白色LED装置和/或饱和色LED装置等等。在另一个实施例中，LED发射器在一个实例中为包括发射光的有机化合物的有机LED。
图3示出光漫射组件300的示例性实施例。图4示出沿图3的线4-4截取的侧视截面图。在图3中，光漫射组件300适合于用作灯(例如，分别为图1和2的灯100和灯200)的部分。光漫射组件300具有光学特点：能够分散光以引起灯产生以上讨论的强度分布。在图3的透视图中，光漫射组件300具有外壳302，所述外壳302具有终止在开口304处的球状体几何结构。外壳302为中空的，从而形成内部容积306。反射器308设置在内部容积306中。反射器308可具有顶部310和底部312。总起来说，外壳302和反射器308的构型形成一个或多个有源光学区域，所述有源光学区域包括由外壳302的全部和/或部分形成的透射外区域以及至少部分由反射器308形成的反射区域。在一个实施例中，反射器308允许很少或没有光经过而到达所述透射外区域，例如，到达外壳302的顶部。
反射器308的顶部310可覆盖有反射材料(例如，银箔)，以便进一步减少经过反射器308的光的数量。在一个实施例中，反射器308配置用于反射光，所以被反射的光的轨迹具有在90度(90°)至180度(180°)范围内的纬度值(例如，图1的纬度值θ)。
开口304提供到外壳302的内部容积306的入口。开口304具有直径d，在一个实例中所述直径d被设置尺寸并配置用于当光漫射组件300在灯(例如，图1和2的灯100、200)上就位时配合在光源(例如图1和2的光源114、214)周围。在一个实例中，光漫射组件300被配置以使得所述光源坐落在内部容积306的大部分的周边之外和/或之上。
在图4的截面中，光漫射组件300被示出具有限定所述球状体几何结构的曲线特征的轮廓线和尺寸(例如，高度尺寸H和外径D)。反射器308起作用将光主要反射通过外壳302的透射外区域，而不是返回到和/或通过开口304。所述直径(例如，直径D和直径d)与限定透射外区域的外壳302以及反射器308的光学特性一起，确定本说明书所预期的灯的实施例的强度分布。透射外区域的实例主要允许光从内部容积306向外传输通过外壳302。然而，透射外区域和反射器308也可展示光反射和/或光透射特性的组合以便提供与白炽灯泡的外观和感觉一致的强度分布，以及以便满足本说明书所讨论的各种工业标准。在一个实例中，通过透射外区域的光的强度分布明显大于经过反射器308的光的强度分布。
外壳302的轮廓线的变化可影响光漫射组件300展示的强度分布(例如，通过限定在透射外区域中的球状体几何结构的特征)。在一个实例中，光漫射组件300的球状体几何结构具有大体上比球体更平坦的形状，例如具有扁球体形状，从而产生如图4中所示的扁平(或大致扁平的)顶部和周向径向弯曲。
光漫射组件300的外壳302的实例可被整体形成为单个一体式结构或形成为被粘附在一起的部件。材料、所希望光学特性和其他因素(例如，成本)可支配形成光漫射组件300的几何结构(例如，所述球状体几何结构)所需的结构类型。在另一示例性实施例中，光漫射组件300具有多部件结构，在所述多部件结构中可通过沿球状体的表面以轴对称布置进行装配的离散数目的平面片状漫射器(sheetdiffusers)来近似球状体几何结构。在某些实施例中，利用片状漫射器，是因为片状漫射器可展示光的潜在高漫射，并且与整体形成的三维散射器相比具有相对较低的光的损失或吸收。多部件结构可展示与以上所讨论的漫射外壳302相同的光学特性(例如，地面(land))，因此，本公开的灯的实施例(例如，图1和2的灯100、200)可展示具有以上结合灯100所讨论的类似强度分布的相同分布模式。然而，多部件结构可允许复杂的几何结构，这些复杂的几何结构不一定适合包括如本说明书所讨论的漫射器的整体形成的某些材料和/或工艺。
图5、6、7、8和9示出适合于用作图1和2的反射器124、224以及图3和4的反射器308的示例性反射器500。图5示出反射器500的透视图。反射器500具有主体502，所述主体502具有中心轴504和外周向边缘506。主体502具有分别对应于图1、2、3和4的实施例中的底部和顶部的第一侧面508和第二侧面510。主体502包括周向地设置在中心轴504周围的多个刻面(例如，第一刻面512和第二刻面514)。刻面512、514具有包括一对相对面(例如，第一面516和第二面518)的外部刻面轮廓，所述一对相对面形成在反射器500的第二侧面510上的刻面边缘520。在一个实施例中，刻面512、514的第一面516和第二面518配置用于将所述光源发射的第一数量的光反射回所述外壳(例如，图1和2的外壳116、216)的第一部分，并且用于将所述光源发射的第二数量的光折射至所述外壳(例如，图1和2的外壳116、216)的第二部分。在一个实例中，所述第一部分沿光轴在所述第二部分的下面(和/或更靠近光源)。如在图5中还示出，相邻刻面512、514的面516、518可形成凹部522。
反射器500的实例可为旋转对称的，其中对于构成主体502的所有刻面(例如，刻面512、514)而言，外部刻面轮廓和其他特征是大致相同的。在一个实例中，刻面(例如，刻面512、514)的数目在约20至约40的范围内，但需要时尺寸和其他因素(例如，光学特性)可使得刻面512、514的数目增加或减少。如图5所示，刻面512、514在中心轴504的周围大体等距间隔开。然而，本公开考虑反射器500的其他配置，其中在相邻刻面512之间的距离(例如，在相邻刻面512上的刻面边缘520之间测量的)跨主体502的整个结构而变化。在一个实例中，第一侧面508形成一个表面，所述表面大致平坦且光滑，并且因此不展示或展示非常弱的光学特性。此外，如在以下一些实例中提及的，主体502的结构可结合引起第一侧面508和第二侧面510形成凸面、凹面和其他不均匀表面(例如，从外周向边缘506朝向中心轴504)的形状和特征。
凹部522可具有能影响反射器500的光学特性的各种形状和形式。在一个实例中，第一面514的一端和第二面516的一端在将凹部522形成为“V”形的一点(或大致明显的界面)处会合。在其他实例中，凹部522包括与第一面514的一端和第二面516的一端配合的平坦区段和/或径向区段。这个配置形成具有平坦底部或在径向区段的情况下具有“U”形状的凹部522。平坦区段(和径向区段)的尺寸可被最小化，以便从反射器500获得可接受水平的性能和内反射。同样地，在一个实施例中，所述外部刻面轮廓可沿刻面边缘520的至少一部分被修圆，其中所述修圆可由制造、精整和/或抛光处理产生。然而，所述被修圆的峰的半径应被最小化，以便从反射器500获得可接受的性能和内反射。
图6示出在视图中仅具有刻面512的反射器500的顶视图，以便将下文的讨论集中在反射器500的刻面的一种示例性结构上。具体地说，图6的实例示出刻面边缘520从外周向边缘506延伸朝向中心轴504。刻面边缘520终止在孔524处，所述孔524与中心轴504同轴并且延伸通过主体502。孔524的这种配置代表主体502中材料缺少的区域。在一些实例中，反射器500可包括覆盖孔524的全部和/或部分的元件。这个元件可形成圆顶形状、平坦形状或提升反射器500的适当光学特性所需的其他形状。
图7为在线7-7处截取的图6刻面512的前视图，如图7中最佳所示，外部刻面轮廓具有上形状因子(例如，三角形形状因子526)和下形状因子(例如，矩形形状因子528)。三角形形状因子526包括第一面514、第二面516和刻面边缘520。矩形形状因子528包括一对平行边(例如，第一平行边530和第二平行边532)和底边534，所述底边534在一个实例中由反射器500的底部表面形成。所述外部刻面轮廓还包括以虚线示出并由数字536大体指定的配合边界。配合边界536限定在第一面516的一端和第二面518的一端之间的几何平面。
在一个实例中，配合边界536代表三角形形状因子526与矩形形状因子528之间的界面。第一角度538和第二角度540分别限定在配合边界536与第一面516和第二面518之间形成的角度。在一个实例中，第一角度538和第二角度540为大致相等的。本公开也考虑了外部刻面轮廓的实例，在所述实例中第一角度538和第二角度540具有在约45°至约55°范围内的值，并且在一种特定配置中所述值为约50°。在其他实例中，第一角度538不同于(例如，大于和/或小于)第二角度540。
图8和9示出分别在图6的线8-8和线9-9截取的刻面512的视图。在作为侧视截面图的图8的实例中，刻面512具有接近外周向边缘506的第一端542和接近孔522的第二端544。刻面边缘520具有从第一端542变化至第二端544的斜坡。在一个实例中，刻面边缘520倾斜的范围和/或程度取决于从第一端542到第二端544在外部刻面轮廓中的变化。刻面512的外面外部轮廓可保持不变，也就是，图7中的第一角度538和第二角度540从第一端542到第二端544具有相同值。在其他实例中，以及如图9最佳所示，刻面512可具有第一外部刻面轮廓546(也称作“第一轮廓546”)和第二外部刻面轮廓548(也称作第二轮廓“548”)，其中第一轮廓546对第二轮廓548的比控制刻面边缘520的倾斜度。所述比可具有在约1至约3范围内的值，但本公开考虑所述比落在这个范围外的其他配置。所述比的修改可改变从第一端542至第二端544跨刻面边缘520的刻面512的高度。例如在图9中，第一轮廓546在尺寸上大于第二轮廓548。这个配置使得刻面边缘520随着其接近中心轴504将向下(例如，在从第一侧面508朝向第二侧面510的方向上)倾斜或逐渐变化。在其他实例中，第一轮廓546在尺寸上小于第二轮廓548，从而引起刻面边缘520向上(例如，在从第一侧面508朝向第二侧面510的方向上)倾斜或逐渐变化。
如以上提及的，反射器500可展示类似于TIR透镜的光学特性，而不需要任何二次加工，如对反射器500的任何表面施加反射涂层、处理或膜。在一个实施例中，反射器500由单个一体件组成，以方便制造并帮助减少与制造反射器500相关的成本和费用。在另一个实施例中，可将反射涂层或膜(例如，银箔或金属漆)选择性地施加至反射器500的顶部表面，例如沿刻面512的边缘520和/或中心孔524。这个反射涂层可减少从光源(例如，光源114、214(图1和2))发射的经过反射器500并随后继续通过灯(例如，灯100、200(图1和2))的和/或光漫射组件(例如，光漫射组件110、210、310(图1、2和3))的上部分的光的数量。
以下实例进一步说明用于图1和2的反射器124、224、图3和4的反射器308以及图5、6、7、8和9的反射器500的替代配置和设计。
实例
图10、11、12和13示出用于本公开在本说明书中考虑的反射器的实施例的各种形状因子和结构。图10和11的反射器600和700的实例具有圆锥形反射器形状。在图10中，反射器600具有向上圆锥形状，当外轮廓(例如，图9的外轮廓546)的中心点相对于内轮廓(例如，图9的内轮廓548)沿轴604偏移或向下移动时，所述向上圆锥形状可产生。图7的反射器700具有向下圆锥形状，当外轮廓(例如，图9的外轮廓546)的中心点相对于内轮廓(例如，图9的内轮廓548)沿轴704偏移或向上移动时，所述向下圆锥形状可产生。图12示出用于反射器800的另一种配置，其中在反射器800的底部808处的表面可形成具有弯曲和/或曲线特征的圆锥形状。
图13示出反射器900的示例性结构的分解图。此结构利用多个件(例如，第一件902、第二件904和第三件906)来形成反射器900的刻面。这些多个件可形成一个或多个圆环(例如，第一件902和第二件904)以及内圆盘(例如，第三件906)。在一个实例中，每个件902、904、906包括符合本说明书公开的特征的刻面。在一个实施例中，件902、904、906装配在一起完成了反射器900的结构，并且相应地，形成根据在灯中使用的需要而对操纵光有用的刻面。
图14示出光强分布轮廓1002(或“光强”轮廓1002)的曲线图1000。曲线图1000的数据的收集是使用所述灯的实施例，所述灯具有与图5、6、7、8和9所示并且以上所描述的反射器大致类似的反射器。如光强轮廓1002示出，所述灯在高达至少135度(135°)的纬度坐标上获得近似100±20％的平均光强1004。
在本说明书中，以单数形式或者与“一个”或“一种”结合使用的元件或功能应理解为不排除多个所述元件或功能，除非对此类排除做出明确说明。另外，对所要求的发明的“一个实施例”的引用并非意图解释为排除存在其他的、也包括所引用特征的实施例。
本说明书使用各个实例来公开本发明，包括最佳模式，同时也让所属领域的任何技术人员能够实践本发明，包括制造并使用任何装置或系统、以及执行所涵盖的任何方法。本发明的保护范围由权利要求书界定，并可包含所属领域的技术人员想出的其他实例。如果其他此类实例的结构要素与权利要求书的字面意义相同，或如果此类实例包含的等效结构要素与权利要求书的字面意义无实质差别，则此类实例也应在权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种灯，所述灯包括：
形成内部容积的外壳；以及
设置在所述内部容积中的反射器，所述反射器包括具有分别接近所述反射器的外周向边缘和中心轴的第一端和第二端的刻面，所述刻面具有外部刻面轮廓，所述外部刻面轮廓具有第一面、与所述第一面相反的第二面和设置在它们之间的刻面边缘，其中所述第一面和所述第二面配置用于至少部分地反射光。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灯，其中所述外部刻面轮廓包括所述第一面和所述第二面形成三角形的边的第一形状因子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的灯，其中相对于在所述第一面的一端与所述第二面的一端之间延伸的几何平面，所述第一面形成第一角度并且所述第二面形成第二角度，并且其中所述第一角度和所述第二角度具有相同的值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的灯，其中所述值在40°至55°的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的灯，其中所述外部刻面轮廓包括在所述刻面的第一端的第一轮廓和在所述刻面的第二端的第二轮廓，其中所述第一轮廓不同于所述第二轮廓。
6.根据权利要求5所述的灯，其中所述第一轮廓在尺寸上大于所述第二轮廓。
7.根据权利要求5所述的灯，其中所述第一轮廓对所述第二轮廓的比为1或更大。
8.根据权利要求1所述的反射器，其中所述反射器具有外周向边缘，并且其中所述刻面边缘从所述外周向边缘朝向所述中心轴逐渐减小。
9.根据权利要求1所述的灯，其中所述反射器具有与所述中心轴同轴的孔。
10.根据权利要求1所述的灯，所述灯进一步包括具有与所述反射器的所述中心轴对齐的光轴的光源，其中所述反射器与所述光源间隔开并且沿所述中心轴与所述外壳的顶部间隔开。
11.一种灯，所述灯包括：
具有光轴的发光二极管装置；
与所述发光二极管装置间隔开的反射器，所述反射器具有与所述光轴对齐的中心轴并且包括周向地设置在所述中心轴周围的多个刻面，所述刻面具有外部刻面轮廓，所述外部刻面轮廓具有第一面、与所述第一面相反的第二面和设置在它们之间的刻面边缘；
与所述反射器成包围关系的外壳；以及
散热组件，所述散热组件具有与所述外壳的外表面间隔开从而形成空气间隙的散热组件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的灯，其中所述反射器形成内反射透镜。
13.根据权利要求11所述的灯，其中所述刻面包括第一刻面和与所述第一刻面相邻的第二刻面，并且其中所述第一刻面的所述第一面和所述第二刻面的所述第二面在其间形成凹部。
14.根据权利要求13所述的灯，其中所述第一刻面的所述第一面的一端和所述第二刻面的所述第二面的一端在一点处会合以形成所述凹部。
15.根据权利要求11所述的灯，其中所述反射器包括接近所述中心轴的孔。
16.根据权利要求15所述的灯，其中所述反射器包括覆盖至少部分的所述孔的元件。
17.根据权利要求11所述的灯，其中所述刻面的所述第一面和所述第二面配置用于将所述光源发射的第一数量的光反射回所述外壳的第一部分，并且用于将所述光源发射的第二数量的光折射至所述外壳的第二部分，其中所述第一部分沿所述光轴在所述第二部分的下面。
18.一种用于在灯中使用的反射器，所述反射器包括：
周向地设置在中心轴周围的形成外周向边缘的多个刻面，所述刻面具有外部刻面轮廓，所述外部刻面轮廓具有第一面、与所述第一面相反的第二面和设置在它们之间的刻面边缘，其中所述外部刻面轮廓包括接近所述反射器的所述外周向边缘的第一轮廓以及接近所述中心轴的不同于所述第一轮廓的第二轮廓。
19.根据权利要求18所述的反射器，其中所述第一面和所述第二面形成三角形的边。
20.根据权利要求19所述的反射器，其中所述第一轮廓的所述三角形小于所述第二轮廓的所述三角形。
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