CN101923828B - 对显示器中的颜色偏移的补偿技术 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及对显示器中的颜色偏移的补偿技术。一种在由多个像素的阵列形成的彩色显示器的长期工作期间保持基本恒定的显示白点的系统,其中每个像素包括具有不同颜色的多个子像素,并且每个子像素包括发光器件。通过激励连续选择的像素的子像素来产生显示,并且通过对于所选像素中的子像素的相对激励电平来控制每个所选像素的颜色。确定每个像素中的子像素的劣化状态,并且调节每个像素中的子像素的相对激励电平以调节子像素的亮度份额,从而补偿子像素的劣化状态。亮度份额被优选地调节为保持基本恒定的显示白点。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求对于2009年6月16日提交的加拿大申请No.2,669,367的优先权。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及使用诸如OLED的发光器件的彩色显示器,并且,更具体地,涉及补偿由于发光器件老化而在这种显示器中产生的颜色偏移。
背景技术
先前对OLED显示器的补偿技术考虑了底板(backplane)老化以及OLED效率损失。面板的老化(和/或均匀性)被提取并且作为原始数据或处理后的数据存储在查找表中。然后,补偿块使用所存储的数据来补偿底板的电参数的任何偏移(例如,阈值电压偏移)或OLED的电参数的任何偏移(例如,OLED工作电压的偏移)。这种技术也可以用于补偿OLED效率损失。这些技术基于以下假设,即OLED颜色坐标(color cordinate)稳定,而不管OLED效率的降低。依赖于OLED的材料以及所要求的器件寿命,这可能是有效的假设。然而,对于在颜色坐标方面稳定性低的OLED材料,这可能导致过大的显示颜色偏移和图像残留(image sticking)问题。
OLED的颜色坐标(即,色度)随时间偏移。这些偏移在白色OLED中更为显着,这是因为在OLED结构中组合的用于产生白光的不同颜色分量会不同地偏移(例如,组合OLED组的蓝色部分可能比红色或绿色部分老化得更快),导致显示白点的不希望的偏移,这又导致了例如图像残留的后果。此外,该现象也适用于其它OLED,例如在组中仅包括单一颜色分量的OLED(即,单一红色OLED组,单一绿色OLED组,等)。结果,在显示器中出现的颜色偏移可能导致严重的图像残留问题。
发明内容
根据参考附图对各个实施例的详细描述,本发明的附加方面对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的,下面将对其进行简要的描述。
根据一个实施例,提供一种在由多个像素的阵列形成的彩色显示器的长期工作期间保持基本恒定的显示白点(display white point)的系统,其中每个像素包括具有不同颜色的多个子像素,并且每个子像素包括发光器件。通过激励连续选择的像素的子像素来产生显示,并且通过对于所选像素中的子像素的相对激励电平来控制每个所选像素的颜色。确定每个像素中的子像素的劣化状态(behavior),并且调节每个像素中的子像素的相对激励电平以调节子像素的亮度份额(share),从而补偿子像素的劣化状态。亮度份额被优选地调节为保持基本恒定的显示白点。
在一种实现方式中,发光器件是OLED,并且所用的劣化状态是诸如RGBW显示器中的白色像素的所选像素的子像素的色度坐标的偏移。到每个OLED的电流输入端处的电压被测量,并将其用于确定色度坐标的偏移。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考以下的描述,本发明可被最佳地理解。
图1是用于补偿使用OLED的彩色显示器的像素中的颜色偏移的系统的功能框图。
图2是CIE色度图。
图3是在图1的系统中补偿颜色偏移的过程的流程图。
图4是示出作为承受两种不同的应力状态的OLED的OLED电压的函数的色度坐标中的变化的一对图。
图5是示出作为承受图4所示的一种应力状态的白色OLED的OLED电压的函数的亮度校正因子的变化的图。
图6是补偿使用OLED的彩色显示器的像素中的颜色偏移的修改的系统的功能框图。
具体实施方式
尽管将结合某些优选实施例描述本发明,但应该理解的是本发明不限于那些特定实施例。相反,本发明意图包括可以包括在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有可选方案、变型以及等同配置。
图1示出了一种系统,其中每个子像素的亮度基于每个像素中的至少一个子像素的老化而调节,以相对于时间(例如显示器的工作寿命,如75000小时)保持基本上恒定的显示白点。例如,在RGBW显示器中,如果像素中的白色OLED失去了其蓝色分量的一部分,由此产生了比所希望的更暖的白色,那么在白色显示期间,在相同像素中的蓝色OLED可以与该像素中的白色OLED一起接通。类似地,在RGB显示器中,红色、绿色和蓝色OLED的亮度份额可响应于每个OLED的劣化状态随时间动态地调节,以保持显示的白点的基本恒定。在任何一种情况下,每个子像素的亮度所需的改变量可以从一个或多个子像素的颜色坐标的偏移提取。这可以通过一系列的计算或通过使用包含预先计算的值的查找表来确定该子像素的发光材料的亮度和/或提供给子像素的电压或电流的偏移之间的相互关系而实现。
子像素的固定初始颜色点可用于计算各子像素的子像素亮度份额。然后,在显示器工作期间,校正单元例如使用查找表确定对于每个子像素的校正因子。在图1中,初始子像素颜色点和用于显示的视频输入信号提供给初始亮度份额计算单元10,该初始亮度份额计算单元10确定红色、绿色、蓝色和白色子像素的亮度份额。然后通过由表示白色子像素的老化的信号ΔWOLED得到的相应值ΔR,ΔG,ΔB和ΔW调节这些亮度份额。所调节的亮度份额被发送给补偿单元11,该补偿单元11根据所调节的亮度份额调节视频信号,并将所调节的视频信号发送给与OLED显示器13耦合的驱动器12。该驱动器12产生激励显示器13中的各子像素的信号,以从每一个子像素产生希望的照度。
存在不同的标准来表征颜色。一个例子是1931CIE标准,其通过照度(亮度)参数以及两个颜色坐标x和y来表征颜色。如图2所示,坐标x和y指定CIE色度图上的点,图2示出了根据两个CIE参数x和y的人类颜色感知的绘图。能够通过组合特定组的三原色(例如红色、绿色和蓝色)匹配的颜色在图2中通过三角形T(该三角形T在图2的CIE色度图中连接三种颜色的坐标)呈现。
图3是根据初始子像素颜色点以及用于要被显示的图像的视频输入信号确定RGBW显示器中的子像素的亮度份额的过程的流程图,所述初始子像素颜色点以及用于要被显示的图像的视频输入信号是对于图1中的初始亮度份额计算单元的两个输入。图3的过程在步骤101开始,其中从红色、绿色和蓝色子像素中选择两个子像素,使得所希望的显示白点在可通过两个所选子像素和白色子像素的颜色点形成的三角形内。例如,图2的三角形T由来自以下四个RGBW子像素和显示白点的色度坐标组的红色、绿色和白色子像素值限定:
蓝色子像素=[0.154 0.149]
红色子像素=[0.67 0.34]
绿色子像素=[0.29 0.605]
白色子像素=[0.29 0.31]
显示白点=[0.3138 0.331]
可以看出,显示白点落在通过连接红色、绿色和白色子像素的色度坐标所形成的三角形T内。
在步骤101选择两个子像素之后,假定白色子像素是第三原色,那么在步骤102将红色、绿色和蓝色(在该阶段认为蓝色和白色子像素相同)子像素的色度坐标转换成三刺激参数,以便于计算红色、绿色和蓝色子像素的亮度份额,从而获得希望的显示白点。在CIE色度图上的任何颜色可以认为是三种CIE原色的混合,这三种CIE原色可以由称为三刺激值的三个数X、Y和Z指定。三刺激值X、Y和Z唯一地表示可感知的色调,并且给出相同组三刺激值的不同光波长的组合对人眼而言是无法区分的。将色度坐标转换成三刺激值使得能够使用线性代数来计算红色、绿色和蓝色子像素的亮度份额组,以获得希望的显示白点。
步骤103使用三刺激值来计算红色、绿色和蓝色子像素的亮度份额以获得希望的显示白点。对于上述色度坐标和希望的显示白点的示例组,红色、绿色和蓝色子像素的亮度份额分别为:BRW=6.43%,BGW=11.85%,BWW=81.72%。可以使用相同的计算来计算在RGB显示器中红色、绿色和蓝色子像素的亮度份额BR、BG和BB。
步骤104将对于蓝色子像素计算的亮度份额指定给白色子像素,并且这些亮度份额将在RGBW系统中产生希望的显示白点。然而,视频信号通常基于RGB系统,因此步骤105将视频信号Rrgb、Grgb和Brgb转换为修改的RGBW值Wm、Rm、Gm和Bm,这是通过将Wm设置成等于Rrgb、Grgb和Brgb中的最小值并从信号值Rrgb、Grgb和Brgb值中减去红色、绿色和蓝色像素的白色部分实现的,如下所示:
Wm=Rrgb、Grgb和Brgb中的最小值
Rm=Rrgb-W
Gm=Grgb-W
Bm=Brgb-W
步骤106然后使用针对BRW、BGW和BWW所计算的亮度份额将修改的值Wm、Rm、Gm和Bm转化成对于四个RGBW子像素的实际值W、R、G和B,如下所示:
W=Wm*BWW
R=Rm+Wm*BRW/BR
G=Gm+Wm*BGW/BG
B=Bm+Wm*BBW/BB
值W、R、G和B是白色、红色、绿色和蓝色子像素w、r、g和b的灰度级。
图4A和4B是根据通过使恒定电流流过OLED而老化的两个白色OLED的实际亮度测量结果绘制的图。提供给两个OLED的电流是不同的,从而模拟两种不同的应力状态(stress condition)#1和#2,如图4A和4B所示。由于OLED材料老化,OLED的电阻增大,因此保持通过OLED的电流恒定所需的电压增大。对于图4A和4B的曲线,以连续的间隔测量施加给每个老化的OLED以保持电流恒定的电压,并将其与提供有相同幅值的电流并承受与老化OLED相同的环境条件的、未老化的参考OLED两端测得的电压进行比较。
图4A和4B横轴上的数字表示作为对于老化OLED和对应的参考OLED测量的电压之间的差异的ΔVOLED。图4A和4B纵轴上的数字表示所测量的老化的白色OLED的亮度值的相应色度坐标Cx和Cy。
为了补偿由于白色子像素的老化而产生白色子像素的亮度劣化,红色、绿色和蓝色子像素的亮度份额可以被调节为:在ΔVOLED=0.2的情况下,分别为BRW=7.62%,BGW=8.92%,BWW=83.46%;在ΔVOLED=0.4的情况下,分别为BRW=8.82%,BGW=5.95%,BWW=85.23%;在ΔVOLED=0.6的情况下,分别为BRW=10.03%,BGW=2.96%,BWW=87.01%。这些子像素的亮度份额的调节量在补偿单元11中使用以将补偿视频信号提供给驱动显示器13中的连续子像素组的驱动器12。
图6示出了使用从显示器200提取的(采用OLED电压、OLED电流或OLED照度的形式)、并对于颜色偏移进行校正的OLED数据的补偿系统。该系统可以用于动态亮度份额计算,其中子像素的色度坐标不保持固定,而是随着时间进行调节以相对于时间补偿每个子像素的颜色点的变化。这些计算可以预先进行,并放入查找表中。
图6示出了以下的系统,其中例如OLED电压、OLED电流或OLED照度的OLED数据从OLED显示器200提取,并用于补偿由于OLED老化而引起的颜色偏移,以相对于时间保持基本上恒定的显示白点。显示测量单元201测量OLED数据202和底板数据203,并且底板数据203被发送到补偿单元206以用于补偿例如驱动晶体管的底板部件的老化。OLED数据202被发送到子像素颜色点单元204,子像素效率单元205以及补偿单元206。子像素颜色点单元基于OLED数据(例如通过使用查找表)确定各子像素的新颜色点,并且新颜色点被发送到子像素亮度份额计算单元207,该子像素亮度份额计算单元207还接收用于显示的视频输入信号。可以以与上述相同的方式计算亮度份额,然后在补偿单元206中使用所述亮度份额,以在提供给每个像素的四个子像素的信号中进行补偿调整。查找表可用于较简单的实现方式,并且针对颜色点和颜色份额的查找表甚至可以合并为单个查找表。
为了补偿各子像素的光学老化,可以使用以下的值ΔVCL_W作为对白色像素的补偿调节量,来调节灰度级:
ΔVCL_W=GmW(W)*KCL_W
其中
KCL_W是对于白色子像素的亮度校正因子,并且可以从图4所示的通过经验得到的相互依赖关系曲线确定,所述曲线将OLED颜色偏移与ΔVOLED相关联。所测量的数据可以用于产生图5的图,图5绘出了作为白色像素的ΔVOLED的函数的亮度校正因子KCL_W。然后假定红色、绿色和蓝色OLED中的任何颜色偏移都是可以忽略的,使用上述红色、绿色和蓝色的相同亮度份额,由KCL_W曲线计算亮度校正因子Kb、Kr和Kg。对于红色、绿色和蓝色OLED的补偿调节量则可以如下计算:
ΔR=Kr(R)*ΔVCL_W
ΔG=Kg(G)*ΔVCL_W
ΔB=Kb(B)*ΔVCL_W
通过将以上的值ΔR、ΔG和ΔB与从原始灰度级值得到的值相加来计算红色、绿色和蓝色OLED的灰度级的最终调整值。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的特定实施例、方面和应用,但应该理解的是本发明不限于本文所公开的精确构造和组成,并且根据上述描述各种变型、改变和变体可以是明显的,而不脱离所附权利要求所定义的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (15)
1.一种在由多个像素的阵列形成的彩色显示器的长期工作期间保持基本恒定的显示白点的方法,其中所述像素中的每一个包括具有不同颜色和白色的多个子像素,并且所述子像素中的每一个包括发光器件,所述方法包括:
接收视频信号;以及
通过基于所述视频信号控制对于所选像素中的子像素的相对激励电平来控制所选像素的颜色;
其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
确定所选像素中的所选子像素的颜色偏移劣化状态;以及
调节所选像素中的子像素的相对激励电平以调节所述子像素的亮度份额,从而补偿所选子像素的所述颜色偏移劣化,所述亮度份额被调节为保持基本恒定的显示白点。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述颜色偏移劣化状态是所选子像素的色度坐标的偏移。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所选子像素是白色子像素,并且其中所述子像素的所述亮度份额通过从表示白色子像素老化的信号ΔWOLED得到的ΔR、ΔG、ΔB和ΔW的各个值来调节。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在每个子像素中的所述发光器件是OLED。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述显示器是RGBW显示器。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述控制根据将视频信号与子像素的相对激励电平相映射的查找表来进行,并且其中所述调节通过基于所确定的颜色偏移劣化状态动态地调节所述查找表来进行。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过测量在所选子像素中的所述发光器件两端的电压来检测所述颜色偏移劣化状态,并且其中所述颜色偏移劣化状态通过根据经验确定的相互依赖关系曲线与所述发光器件两端的电压相关。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
将所选像素中的所选子像素的色度坐标的偏移确定为所选子像素的老化。
9.一种在彩色显示器(13,200)的长期工作期间保持基本恒定的显示白点的系统,所述系统包括:
由多个像素的阵列形成的彩色显示器(13,200),所述像素中的每一个包括具有不同颜色和白色的多个子像素,并且所述子像素中的每一个包括发光器件;
驱动电路(12,208),激励所选像素的子像素并通过基于视频信号控制对于所选像素中的子像素的相对激励电平来控制每个所选像素的颜色;
其特征在于,所述系统还包括:
控制器,监视所选像素中的所选子像素的颜色偏移劣化状态,以及调节所选像素中的子像素的相对激励电平以调节所述子像素的亮度份额,从而补偿所选子像素的所述颜色偏移劣化,所述亮度份额被调节为保持基本恒定的显示白点。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述颜色偏移劣化状态是所选子像素的色度坐标的偏移。
11.如权利要求10所述的系统,其中所选子像素是白色子像素,并且其中所述控制器通过从表示白色子像素老化的信号ΔWOLED得到的ΔR、ΔG、ΔB和ΔW的各个值来调节所述子像素的所述亮度份额。
12.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中在每个子像素中的所述发光器件是OLED。
13.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述显示器是RGBW显示器。
14.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述控制根据将视频信号与子像素的相对激励电平相映射的查找表来进行,并且其中所述调节通过基于所确定的颜色偏移劣化状态动态地调节所述查找表来进行。
15.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中通过测量所选子像素中的所述发光器件两端的电压来检测所述颜色偏移劣化状态,并且其中所述颜色偏移劣化状态通过根据经验确定的相互依赖关系曲线与所述发光器件两端的电压相关。
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US10553141B2 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
US9418587B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
US20130265338A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
CA2669367A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US20160321979A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
US20160005350A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
CN101923828A (zh) | 2010-12-22 |
US9117400B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
EP2267690A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
US20100315449A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
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