TW201808884A - 化合物與有機電子裝置 - Google Patents
化合物與有機電子裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201808884A TW201808884A TW106129812A TW106129812A TW201808884A TW 201808884 A TW201808884 A TW 201808884A TW 106129812 A TW106129812 A TW 106129812A TW 106129812 A TW106129812 A TW 106129812A TW 201808884 A TW201808884 A TW 201808884A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
- C07C209/10—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings or from amines having nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/54—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings
- C07C13/547—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings at least one ring not being six-membered, the other rings being at the most six-membered
- C07C13/567—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings at least one ring not being six-membered, the other rings being at the most six-membered with a fluorene or hydrogenated fluorene ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/60—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by condensation or addition reactions, e.g. Mannich reaction, addition of ammonia or amines to alkenes or to alkynes or addition of compounds containing an active hydrogen atom to Schiff's bases, quinone imines, or aziranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from hydroxy amines by reactions involving the etherification or esterification of hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/74—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/84—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems
- C07C215/88—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems being formed by at least three rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C217/92—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the nitrogen atom of at least one of the amino groups being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本發明關於某些茀類、關於該等化合物於電子裝置之用途、及關於一種包含至少一種此等化合物之電子裝置。本發明此外關於一種製備該等化合物之方法及關於包含一或多種該等化合物之調配物和組成物。
Description
本發明關於新穎有機化合物、關於該等化合物於電子裝置之用途、及關於一種包含至少一種該化合物之電子裝置。本發明此外關於一種製備該等化合物之方法及關於包含至少一種該等化合物之調配物和組成物。
用於電子裝置之功能化合物的開發是目前深入研究的課題。在此目的特別為:可達成用其改良電致發光裝置之一或多個相關方面的性質(諸如,例如發光的功率效率、壽命或色坐標)之化合物的發展。
根據本發明,術語電子裝置尤其是表示有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效應電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學偵測器、有機光受體、有機場淬熄裝置(field-quench devices)(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
特感興趣者為:提供用於最後提及之稱為OLED的電 子裝置之化合物。OLED的一般結構和功能原理為熟習該項技術者已知且尤其說明於US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461及WO 1998/27136中。
仍然需要有關OLED(特別是為了廣泛的商業用途,例如於顯示裝置或作為光源)之性能數據的進一步改良。在此方面特別重要的是所達成之OLED的壽命、效率和操作電壓及色值。此外,理想的是:用作電子裝置中的功能材料、化合物具有高熱穩定性和高玻璃轉移溫度及昇華而不分解。
在此方面,特別是,有需要替代性電洞傳輸材料。在根據先前技術之電洞傳輸材料中,電壓通常會隨著電洞傳輸層之層厚度增加而增加。實際上,電洞傳輸層之層厚度較厚經常是想要的,但此往往具有較高工作電壓和不良性能數據的結果。在此方面,有需要具有高電荷-載子遷移率的新穎電洞傳輸材料,其確保能夠達成較厚的電洞傳輸層與只略增加之工作電壓。
先前技術揭述各種茀類作為電子和電致發光裝置中的電荷傳輸材料之用途。
WO 2011/055493揭示在3位置經茀類多取代之二級胺類。
JP 2008-34701和WO 2007/072952揭示在4位置經胺基取代之茀類,其中該胺基本身再次含有許多茀類。
WO 2010/110553揭示在2、3或4位置經胺基取代之茀類,其中該等胺基含有咔唑基團。
JP 05303221揭示在2和4位置經胺基取代之茀類。在茀之4位置含有胺基的化合物含有苯基基團。該等化合物係用作光受體。
儘管已知該等化合物,但仍然存在需要用於OLED中之新穎電洞傳輸和電洞注入材料。特別地,有需要用其可達成上述很想要的OLED之性能數據和性質的改良之材料。
同樣需要用於OLED和其他電子裝置的新穎基質材料。特別地,有需要用於磷光摻雜劑的基質材料並用於混合基質系統的基質材料,其較佳地導致電子裝置的良好效率、長壽命和低工作電壓。
本發明因此係根據提供電致發光裝置和適合使用於電致發光裝置(諸如,例如用於螢光或磷光OLED)且其可使用(特別是)作為電洞傳輸材料及/或作為電洞傳輸層或激子阻擋層中之電洞注入材料或作為作為發光層中之基質材料的化合物之目的。
作為本發明之部分,令人驚訝地已發現:下示式(1)化合物係非常適合於上述在電子且特別是在電致發光裝置之用途。
本發明因此關於通式(1)之化合物
其中下列適用於所使用的符號及指標:R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、NO2、P(=O)(R4)2、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR4、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,以使螺化合物在茀之9位置形成,其中排除螺雙茀類;R2、R3在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為H、 D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、NO2、P(=O)(R4)2、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4、N(R4)2、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR4、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個或多個基團R2或二個或多個基團R3可彼此連接且可形成環;R4在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R5、CN、Si(R5)3、NO2、P(=O)(R5)2、S(=O)R5、S(=O)2R5、N(R5)2、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R5取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、 P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R5取代、或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳氧基或雜芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R5取代;R5係選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、具有1至20個C原子之脂族烴基或具有5至30個C原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其中一或多個H原子可經D或F置換,其中二或多個相鄰取代基R5彼此可形成單環或多環脂族環系統;p、q、r為0或1,其中p+q+r=1,較佳為p=1或r=1且非常佳為p=1;Za 0、Zb 0、Zc 0在每次出現時相同或不同地等於R3;Za 1、Zb 1、Zc 1等於
B’為單鍵、具有6至30個環原子之芳基或具有5至30個環原子之單環或雙環雜芳基,彼等各可經一或多個基團R4取代, 較佳為單鍵或伸苯基、伸聯苯基、伸聯三苯基、伸萘基、伸吡啶基、伸嘧啶基、伸吡基、伸嗒基、伸三基、伸二苯并呋喃基或伸二苯并噻吩基基團,其各可經一或多個基團R4取代,非常佳為單鍵或伸苯基、伸聯苯基、伸聯三苯基、伸萘基、伸二苯并呋喃基或伸二苯并噻吩基基團,其各可經一或多個基團R4取代,B’非常特佳為單鍵或伸苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代,B’尤佳為單鍵,其中,若B’為單鍵,則該氮原子係直接鍵結於茀;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為具有10至60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,彼等彼此為相同或不同,其中二個基團Ar1和Ar2各含有至少二或多個芳族或雜芳族環;其中在Ar1中或在Ar2中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可經稠合,但較佳為未經稠合形式,及其中在Ar1中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯,其中經由-O-或-Si(R6)2-之橋聯較佳,或在Ar2中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯,其中橋聯經由-O-或-Si(R6)2-較佳,其中非橋連環為非常佳,及其中來自Ar1之芳族或雜芳族環可以二價基-O-、S- 、-Si(R6)2-、-NR6-或-C(R6)2-橋聯於來自Ar2之芳族或雜芳族環,其中非橋連基團Ar1和Ar2為較佳;R6在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R5、CN、Si(R5)3、NO2、P(=O)(R5)2、S(=O)R5、S(=O)2R5、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R5取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R5取代、或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳氧基或雜芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R5取代;其先決條件為在式(1)化合物中之Za 1、Zb 1和Zc 1不含茀或咔唑基團及其先決條件為式(1)化合物不含具有超過10環原子之稠合芳族或雜芳族環系統,其中較佳者為式(1)化合物不含稠合芳族或雜芳族環系統。
此外就本發明之意義而言較佳者為式(1)化合物不含其它茀類或咔唑類。
茀上的編號在此定義如下。
芳基基團就本發明意義而言含有6至60個芳族環原子;雜芳基基團就本發明意義而言含有5至60個芳族環原子,其中至少一者為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及S。此表示基本定義。如果在本發明說明中指示其他較佳選擇,例如有關芳族環原子或雜原子的存在數目,這些適用。
芳基基團或雜芳基基團在此表示簡單芳族環,也就是苯,或簡單雜芳族環,例如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩,或縮合(稠合(annellated))芳族或雜芳族多環,例如萘、菲、喹啉或咔唑。縮合(稠合)芳族或雜芳族多環就本申請案的意義而言由二或多個簡單芳族或雜芳族環彼此縮合而組成。
在各情況下可被上述基團取代且可經由任何所欲位置連結於芳族或雜芳族環系統之芳基或雜芳基特別表示衍生自下列之基團:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氫芘、、苝、螢蒽(fluoranthene)、苯並蒽、苯並菲、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯並芘、呋喃、苯並呋喃、異苯並呋喃、二苯並呋喃、噻吩、苯並噻吩、異苯並噻吩、二苯並噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯並-5,6-喹啉、苯並-6,7-喹啉、苯並-7,8-喹啉、菲噻、菲噁、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯並咪唑、萘並咪唑、菲咪 唑、吡啶並咪唑、吡咪唑、喹噁啉並咪唑、噁唑、苯並噁唑、萘並噁唑、蒽並噁唑、菲並噁唑、異噁唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯並噻唑、嗒、苯並嗒、嘧啶、苯並嘧啶、喹噁啉、吡、菲、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯並咔啉、菲啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯並三唑、1,2,3-噁二唑、1,2,4-噁二唑、1,2,5-噁二唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲及苯並噻二唑。
芳氧基團根據本發明之定義表示如上所定義之芳基基團,其經由氧原子鍵結。類似定義適用於雜芳氧基基團。
芳族環系統就本發明意義而言在環系統中含有6至60個C原子。雜芳族環系統就本發明意義而言含有5至60個芳族環原子,其中至少一個為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及/或S。芳族或雜芳族環系統就本發明意義而言意欲表示不一定只含有芳基或雜芳基基團,而是其中另外複數個芳基或雜芳基可以非芳族單元(較佳為少於10%非H之原子)(諸如,例如sp3-混成之C、Si、N或O原子、sp2-混成之C或N原子或sp-混成之C原子)連接的系統。因此,例如系統諸如9,9’-螺旋雙茀、9,9’-二芳基茀、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、二苯乙烯、等等就本發明意義而言亦意欲為芳族環系統,如其中二或多個芳基以例如直鏈或環狀烷基、烯基或炔基或以矽基連接之系統。此外, 其中二或多個芳基或雜芳基係經由單鍵彼此連結之系統就本發明意義而言亦為芳族或雜芳族環系統,諸如,例如聯苯、三聯苯或二苯基三之系統。
在各情況下亦可經如上述定義之基團取代且可經由任何所欲位置連結於芳族或雜芳族基團之具有5-60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統特別表示衍生自下列之基團:苯、萘、蒽、苯並蒽、菲、苯並菲、芘、(chrysene)、苝、螢蒽、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯並芘、聯苯、伸聯苯(biphenylene)、聯三苯(terphenyl)、伸聯三苯(terphenylene)、聯四苯(quaterphenyl)、茀、螺二茀、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、順-或反-茚並茀、三聚茚(truxene)、異三聚茚(isotruxene)、螺三聚茚、螺異三聚茚、呋喃、苯並呋喃、異苯並呋喃、二苯並呋喃、噻吩、苯並噻吩、異苯並噻吩、二苯並噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吲哚並咔唑、茚並咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯並-5,6-喹啉、苯並-6,7-喹啉、苯並-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡噁、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯並咪唑、萘並咪唑(naphthimidazole)、萘並咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶並咪唑(pyridimidazole)、吡並咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹噁啉並咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、噁唑、苯並噁唑、萘並噁唑(naphthoxazole)、蒽並噁唑(anthroxazole)、菲並噁唑(phenanthroxazole)、異噁唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯並噻唑、嗒、苯並嗒、嘧啶、苯並嘧啶、喹噁啉、1,5-二氮雜蒽、2,7-二氮雜芘、2,3-二氮雜芘、1,6-二氮雜 芘、1,8-二氮雜芘、4,5-二氮雜芘、4,5,9,10-四氮雜苝、吡、啡、啡噁、啡噻、熒紅環(fluorubin)、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯並咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯並三唑、1,2,3-噁二唑、1,2,4-噁二唑、1,2,5-噁二唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲和苯並噻二唑或這些基團的組合。
為了本發明,具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團或具有2至40個C原子之烯基或炔基基團,其中,除此之外,個別H原子或CH2基團可經在該等基團定義下之上述基團取代,較佳表示甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、第二戊基、環戊基、新戊基、正己基、環己基、新己基、正庚基、環庚基、正辛基、環辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。具有1至40個C原子之烷氧基或烷硫基(thioalkyl)基團較佳表示甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、第二戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、環己氧基、正庚氧基、環庚氧 基、正辛氧基、環辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、異丁硫基、第二丁硫基、第三丁硫基、正戊硫基、第二戊硫基、正己硫基、環己硫基、正庚硫基、環庚硫基、正辛硫基、環辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、環戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、環己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、環庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、環辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
較佳者為在式(1)化合物中之B’為單鍵。
此外較佳者為在式(1)化合物中之B’為鄰-伸苯基、間-伸苯基或對-伸苯基基團、1,4-伸萘基、2,4-伸萘基、1,5-伸萘基或2,5-伸萘基基團、3,7-伸二苯并呋喃基基團或3,7-伸二苯并噻吩基基團,其中非常佳者為B’為鄰-伸苯基、間-伸苯基或對-伸苯基基團且其非常特佳者為B’為對-伸苯基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代,其在每次出現時為相同或不同,其中較佳者為該等基團未經取代。
此外就本發明之意義而言較佳者為一種通式(2)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用之指標及符號。
此外較佳者為通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除。
此外極佳者為一種通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置 形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除。
此外非常特佳者為一種通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R1在每次出現時相同為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中其特佳者之R1為甲基、乙基、正/異丙基或正/異丁基基團。
最後,此外非常特佳者為一種通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R1在每次出現時為具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中該環系統尤佳係選自由下列所組成之群組:苯基、聯苯、聯三苯或吡啶基基團。
此外較佳者為通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R2在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地選自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R5)2、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個或多個基團R2可彼此連接且可形成環。
此外極佳者為一種通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R2在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地選目H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R5)2、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個R4基團取代。
在非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(1)之化合物,其特徵在於R2等於H。
在另一非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(1)之化合物,其特徵在於R2為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團。
在又另一非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(1)之化合物,其特徵在於R2表示具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統。
此外較佳者為通式(1)或(2)之化合物,其特徵在於R3在每次出現時相同或不同地選自H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R5)2、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜 芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個或多個基團R3可彼此連接且可形成環。
就本發明之意義而言較佳者為一種通式(1a)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用之符號及指標且適用於本文中所述之較佳實施例。
就本發明之意義而言極佳者為一種通式(2a)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用之符號及指標且適用於本文中所述之較佳實施例。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(3)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(4)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
若含有基團Ar1和Ar2之胺位於茀之3位置,則基團Ar1或基團Ar2特佳者為沒有經由氧之橋聯,因為此等化合物使用於OLED中產生特別有利的性能數據。
在又一較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(5)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在一非常較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(6)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一非常較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(7)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一非常較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(8)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在一非常特佳實施例,本發明關於一種通式(9)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(10)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(11)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在一特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(12)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(13)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
在又一特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(14)化合物
其中上述定義適用於所使用的符號及指標。
此外較佳者為上示式(1)至(14)之化合物,其中B’係選自式(15)至(36)之基團,其中此等基團也可經一或多個基團R4取代,其彼此為獨立的,及其中R4係如上述所定義。
極佳者為一種上示式(1)至(14)之化合物,其中B’係選自式(15)至(36)之基團,其中此等基團未經取代。
非常特佳者為一種上示式(1)至(14)之化合物,其中B’對應於式(15),其中此基團未經取代。
特佳者為一種式(1)至(14)之化合物,其特徵在於B’為單鍵,其中該氮原子則經由單鍵直接鍵結於茀。
Ar1和Ar2在每次出現時較佳相同或不同地選自苯基-吡啶基、苯基-萘基、聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯或在Ar2中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二 價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯,其中非橋連環為較佳,及其中來自Ar1之芳族或雜芳族環可以二價基-O-、-S-、-Si(R6)2-、-NR6-或-C(R6)2-橋聯於來自Ar2之芳族或雜芳族環,其中非橋連基團Ar1和Ar2為較佳。
在本發明之非常較佳實施例中,Ar1和Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地選自下列式(37)至(116)之基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(6)之化合物,其中下列適用於所使用的符號:R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團 R4取代、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除;R2係等於H、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代;R3係等於H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個或多個基團R3可彼此連接且可形成環;B’係選自H或式(15)至(36)之基團,其中此等基團也可經一或多個基團R4取代,其彼此為獨立的,及其中R4係 如上述所定義;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為苯基-吡啶基、苯基-萘基、聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯或在Ar2中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯,其中非橋連環為較佳,及其中來自Ar1之芳族或雜芳族環可以二價基-O-、-S-、-Si(R6)2-、-NR6-或-C(R6)2-橋聯於來自Ar2之芳族或雜芳族環,其中非橋連基團Ar1和Ar2為較佳。
在非常較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(6)之化合物,其中下列適用於所使用的符號:R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除;R2係等於H、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、具有6至30個芳族環原子 之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代;R3係等於H或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中R3特佳係等於H;B’為單鍵;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1和Ar2中之環係非橋連,Ar1和Ar2特佳為聯苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同。
在一非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(6)之化合物,其中下列適用於所使用的符號:R1在每次出現時為相同且為具有1至5個C原子之直鏈烷基基團,較佳為甲基基團或乙基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代,或表示苯基、聯苯或吡啶基基團,其各可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個烷基基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除;R2係等於H、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或 具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個R4基團取代、具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代;R3係等於H或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中R3特佳係等於H;B’為單鍵;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1和Ar2中之環係非橋連,Ar1和Ar2特佳為聯苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同。
在另一較佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(8)之化合物,其中下列適用於所使用的符號:R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形 成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除;R2係等於H、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代;R3係等於H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各可經一或多個基團R4取代及其中在上述基團中之一或多個H原子可經D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2置換、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳氧基基團,其可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有5至60個芳族環原子之芳烷基基團,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個或多個基團R3可彼此連接且可形成環;B’係選自H或式(15)至(36)之基團,其中此等基團也可經一或多個基團R4取代,其彼此為獨立的,及其中R4係如上述所定義;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為苯基-吡啶基、苯基-萘 基、聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯或在Ar2中之芳族或雜芳族環的二個可以二價基-O-、-S-或-Si(R6)2-橋聯,其中非橋連環為較佳,及其中來自Ar1之芳族或雜芳族環可以二價基-O-、-S-、-Si(R6)2-、-NR6-或-C(R6)2-橋聯於來自Ar2之芳族或雜芳族環,其中非橋連基團Ar1和Ar2為較佳。
在一非常佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(8)之化合物,其中下列適用於所使用的符號:R1在每次出現時相同或不同地,較佳相同地為具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除;R2係等於H、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代;R3係等於H或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳 族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團取代R4,其中R3特佳係等於H;B’為單鍵;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1和Ar2中之環係非橋連,Ar1和Ar2特佳為聯苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同。
在一非常特佳實施例中,本發明關於一種通式(8)之化合物,其中下列適用於所使用的符號:R1在每次出現時為相同且為具有1至5個C原子之直鏈烷基基團,較佳為甲基基團或乙基基團,其中該基團可經一或多個基團R4取代,或表示苯基、聯苯或吡啶基基團,其各可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二個烷基基團R1可彼此連接且可形成環,從而在茀之9位置形成螺環化合物,其中螺聯茀類被排除;R2係等於H、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團,其中該等基團可經一或多個基團R4取代、具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取 代;R3係等於H或具有6至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中R3特佳係等於H;B’為單鍵;Ar1、Ar2在每次出現時相同或不同地為聯苯、聯三苯或聯四苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同,其中在Ar1和Ar2中之環係非橋連,Ar1和Ar2特佳為聯苯基團,其可經一或多個基團R6取代,其彼此可相同或不同。
在一特佳實施例中,本發明關於通式(1)之化合物,其特徵在於彼等為單胺化合物。
根據本發明化合物的合成可藉由熟習該項技術者從先前技術得知的方法製備進行。該製備可例如利用鹵化、Buchwald偶合和Suzuki偶合進行。
下列反應流程顯示一種製備根據本發明式(1)化合物之較佳合成路徑。關於根據本發明之化合物的合成,使茀化合物A與式Ar1-NH-Ar2之胺B在Buchwald偶合中反應
其中上述定義適用於所使用之符號及指標且其中Xa 0、Xb 0、Xc 0在每次出現時相同或不同地等於R3,及Xa 1、Xb 1、Xc 1等於-B’-Y,其中Y為脫離基,例如鹵素。
製備根據本發明化合物之另一較佳合成路徑係描述於下列反應流程中。合成路徑包含二個偶合反應:首先,使茀化合物A與式Ar1-NH2之胺B在第一Buchwald偶合中反應。最後,第二Buchwald偶合係用化合物D(例如溴芳基化合物)進行。
下列流程顯示製備根據本發明化合物之另一較佳合成路徑。為此目的,苯並唏酮類E充當起始點。有機金屬試劑(例如格任亞或有機鋰試劑)之加成反應,及隨後中間醇化物之酸催化環化產生對應4-羥茀類F。隨後將羥基轉化成脫離基Y或-B’-Y(=Xa 1),例如轉化成三氟甲磺酸酯(TfO)或鹵化物(較佳Br或Cl),且藉由熟習該項技術者熟知之方法(C-C偶合,諸如Suzuki、Negishi、Yamamoto、格任亞-交叉、Stille、Heck偶合、等等、C-N偶合,諸如Buchwald偶合)進一步轉化成根據本發明之化合物,其中Buchwald偶合或Suzuki偶合較佳。在Xa 1之情況下,當然只有Y是脫離基。
此使能製備在較佳4位置具有胺的茀類。
在1位置具有胺的根據本發明之茀類可完全類似於其地製備。
使用於Suzuki偶合的含有基團R之硼酸酯類為熟習該項技術者熟知的。使用於合成根據本發明化合物的起始化合物A、B、C、D、E和F之合成路徑為熟習該項技術者熟知的。此外,一些明確的合成方法係詳細描述於實施例中。
用於製備通式(1)化合物之較佳偶合反應為Buchwald偶合。
根據本發明之較佳化合物係以例子方式顯示於下列表中。
上述式(1)之化合物可經反應性脫離基(諸如溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯)取代。此等可用作製備對應寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物或聚合物之單體。適當反應性脫離基為(例如)溴、碘、氯、硼酸類、硼酸酯類、胺類、具有終端C-C雙鍵或C-C三鍵之烯基或炔基基團、環氧乙烷類、環氧丙烷類、進行環加成作用之基團,例如1,3-偶極環加成作用,諸如(例如)二烯類或疊氮化物類、羧酸衍生物類、醇類和矽烷類。
此外本發明因此關於包含一或多種式(1)化合物的寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其中至聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物的鍵可定域在式(1)中的任何所欲之可能位置上。取決式(1)化合物的連結而定,化合物為寡聚物或 聚合物側鏈的組分或主鏈的組分。寡聚物就本發明意義而言表示從至少3個單體單元組成的化合物。聚合物就本發明意義而言表示從至少10個單體單元組成的化合物。根據本發明之聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物可經共軛、部分共軛或非共軛。根據本發明之寡聚物或聚合物可為直鏈、支鏈或樹枝狀。在以直鏈方式連結的結構中,式(1)之單元可彼此直接連結或彼等可以二價基團(例如經由經取代或未經取代之伸烷基基團、經由雜原子或經由二價芳族或雜芳族基團)彼此連接。在支鏈及樹枝狀結構中,例如三或多種式(1)單元可經由三價或多價基團(例如經由三價或多價芳族或雜芳族基團)連結,形成支鏈或樹枝狀寡聚物或聚合物。
與上述關於式(1)化合物相同的較佳選擇適用於寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物及聚合物中的式(1)之重複單元。
為了製備寡聚物或聚合物,根據本發明之單體係與另外的單體均聚合或共聚合。適當且較佳的共聚單體係選自茀類(例如根據EP 842208或WO 2000/22026)、螺二茀類(例如根據EP 707020、EP 894107或WO 2006/061181)、對-伸苯類(例如根據WO 1992/18552)、咔唑類(例如根據WO 2004/070772或WO 2004/113468)、噻吩類(例如根據EP 1028136)、二氫菲類(例如根據WO 2005/014689或WO 2007/006383)、順-和反-茚並茀類(例如根據WO 2004/041901或WO 2004/113412)、酮類(例如根據WO 2005/040302)、菲類(例如根據WO 2005/104264或WO 2007/017066)、或 這些單元之複數個。聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物通常也含有另外的單元,例如發光(螢光或磷光)單元,諸如,例如,乙烯基三芳胺類(例如根據WO 2007/068325)或磷光金屬錯合物(例如根據WO 2006/003000)、及/或電荷傳輸單元,特別是該等以三芳胺類為主者。
根據本發明之聚合物、寡聚物和樹枝狀聚合物具有有利的性質,特別是長壽命、高效率和良好色座標。
根據本發明之聚合物及寡聚物通常係藉由將一或多種類型之單體聚合而製備,其中至少一種單體導致聚合物中的式(1)之重複單元。適當聚合反應為熟習該項技術者已知且說明於文獻中。導致C-C或C-N連結之特別適合且較佳的聚合反應如下:(A)SUZUKI聚合作用;(B)YAMAMOTO聚合作用;(C)STILLE聚合作用;及(D)HARTWIG-BUCHWALD聚合作用。
可以此等方法進行聚合作用的方式及接著可進行從反應介質分離且純化聚合物的方式為熟習該項技術者已知且詳細說明於文獻中,例如於WO 2003/048225、WO 2004/037887及WO 2004/037887中。
本發明因此亦關於一種製備根據本發明之聚合物、寡聚物及樹枝狀聚合物之方法,其特徵在於彼等係以SUZUKI聚合作用、YAMAMOTO聚合作用、STILLE聚合作用或HARTWIG-BUCHWALD聚合作用製備。根據本發 明之樹枝狀聚合物可藉由熟習該項技術者已知的方法或類似於其之方法製備。適當方法係描述文獻中,諸如,例如在Frechet,Jean M.J.;Hawker,Craig J.,"Hyperbranched polyphenylene and hyperbranched polyesters:new soluble,three-dimensional,reactive polymers",Reactive & Functional Polymers(1995),26(1-3),127-36;Janssen,H.M.;Meijer,E.W.,"The synthesis and characterization of dendritic molecules",Materials Science and Technology(1999),20(Synthesis of Polymers),403-458;Tomalia,Donald A.,"Dendrimer molecules",Scientific American(1995),272(5),62-6;WO 2002/067343 A1和WO 2005/026144 A1中。
根據本發明之化合物、聚合物、寡聚物和樹枝狀聚合物可以與電子裝置中所使用的其他有機功能材料之組成物使用。熟習該項技術者從先前技術已知許多有機功能材料。本發明因此也關於一種組成物,其包含一或多種根據本發明之式(1)化合物和至少一種根據本發明之聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物及至少一種選自由下列所組成群組之其他有機功能材料:螢光發光體、磷光發光體、主體材料、基質材料、電子傳輸材料、電子注入材料、電洞導體材料、電洞注入材料、電子阻擋材料及電洞阻擋材料。
為了從液相加工根據本發明之化合物,例如藉旋轉塗布或藉印刷法,根據本發明化合物之調配物是必要的。此等調配物可為(例如)溶液、分散液或迷你乳液。可較佳地使用二或多種用於此目的之溶劑的混合物。適當且較佳的 溶劑為(例如)甲苯、茴香醚、鄰-、間-或對-二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、二甲基茴香醚、均三甲苯、四氫萘、藜蘆素(veratrol)、THF、甲基-THF、THP、氯苯、二噁烷或這些溶劑的混合物。
本發明因此另外關於一種調配物(特別是溶液、分散液或迷你乳液),其包含至少一種式(1)化合物或至少一種含有至少一個式(1)之單元的聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物和至少一種溶劑,較佳地有機溶劑。可製備此類型之溶液的方式為熟習該項技術者已知且說明於例如WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694及其中所引述之文獻中。
根據本發明之化合物適合使用於電子裝置中,特別是使用於有機電致發光裝置(例如OLED或OLEC)中。取決於取代作用,該等化合物係用於不同的功能及層中。
本發明因此另外關於式(1)化合物在電子裝置中的用途,及關於包含一或多種式(1)化合物之電子裝置本身。該等電子裝置在此較佳地係選自由下列所組成之群組:有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學偵測器、有機光受體、有機場淬冷裝置(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)且特佳為有機電致發光裝置(OLED和OLEC)。
如上面已經說明的,本發明關於包含至少一種式(1)化合物之電子裝置。該等電子裝置在此較佳係選自上述裝置。特佳者為包含陽極、陰極和至少一種發光層之有機電 致發光裝置(OLED),其特徵在於至少一個有機層(其可為發光層、電洞傳輸層或另一層)包含至少一種式(1)化合物。
除了陰極、陽極及發光層以外,有機電致發光裝置亦可包含另外層。該等層在各情況下係選自例如一或多種電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、電子阻擋層、激子阻擋層、中間層、電荷產生層(IDMC 2003,Taiwan;Session 21 OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer)、及/或有機或無機p/n接面。然而,應指出此等層各層不一定必須存在且該等層的選擇總是取決於所使用之化合物及特別亦取決於電致發光裝置是否為螢光或磷光。
根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置可包含複數個發光層。此等發光層在此情況下特佳地總計具有複數個介於380奈米與750奈米之間的最大發光值,整體上導致發白光,亦即能夠螢光或磷光且發藍光或黃光或橘光或紅光的各種發光化合物係使用於發光層中。特佳者為三層系統,即具有三個發光層之系統,其中該三層呈現發藍光、綠光及橘光或紅光(基本結構參見例如WO 2005/011013)。根據本發明之化合物可存在於該等裝置中在電洞傳輸層、發光層及/或在另一層中。應指出的是:為了產生白光,在很寬波長範圍內發射之單獨使用的發光體化合物也可適合地 替代複數個發射顏色的發光體化合物。
根據本發明較佳者為式(1)化合物被用於包含一或多種磷光摻雜劑的電致發光裝置中。化合物在此可用於各種層中,較佳用於電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或發光層中。然而,式(1)化合物亦可根據本發明用於包含一或多種螢光摻雜劑的電子裝置中。
術語磷光摻雜劑通常包括下述化合物,其中發光藉由自旋禁止躍遷(spin-forbidden transition)進行,例如從激發三重態或具有較高自旋量子數之狀態(例如五重態)的躍遷。
適當磷光摻雜劑(=三重態發光體)特別為在適當激發時發光(較佳在可見光區域內)之化合物,且另外含有至少一種具有原子序大於20,較佳為大於38且少於84,特佳為大於56且少於80的原子。所使用之磷光發光體較佳為含有銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪的化合物,特別為含有銥、鉑或銅的化合物。
為了本發明之目的,所有的發光銥、鉑或銅錯合物被視為磷光化合物。
上述發光體的例子揭示於申請案WO 00/70655、WO 01/41512、WO 02/02714、WO 02/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 05/033244、WO 2005/019373及US 2005/0258742中。通常,根據先前技術用於磷光OLED且為熟習有機電致發光裝置領域之技術者已知的所有磷光錯合物皆適合。熟習該項技術者也將能夠在沒有創 新步驟下將其他磷光錯合物與式(1)之化合物組合使用於有機電致發光裝置中。
適當磷光發光體化合物的明確例子另外係以下表揭示。
在本發明一較佳實施例中,通式(1)之化合物係用作電洞傳輸材料。該等化合物然後較佳係使用於電洞傳輸層及/或於電洞注入層中。電洞注入層就本發明意義而言為一種直接與陽極相鄰之層。電洞傳輸層就本發明意義而言為一種位於電洞注入層和發光層之間的層。電洞傳輸層可直接與發光層相鄰。如果使用式(1)之化合物作為電洞傳輸材料或作為電洞注入材料,則彼等較佳摻雜電子受體化合物(p-摻雜),例如摻雜F4-TCNQ、F6-TNAP或如EP 1476881或EP 1596445中所述之化合物。在本發明另一較佳實施例中,式(1)化合物係如US 2007/0092755中所述與 六氮雜伸聯三苯衍生物組合用作電洞傳輸材料。六氮雜伸聯三苯衍生物在此特佳地係使用於單獨層中。
若通式(1)化合物係用作為電洞傳輸層中的電洞傳輸材料,則該化合物可以純材料(即100%之比例)用於該電洞傳輸層中或其可與一或多種其他化合物合併用於該電洞傳輸層中。
在本發明另一實施例中,通式(1)化合物係用作發光材料。為此目的,該等化合物較佳地係使用於發光層中。除至少一種通式(1)化合物之外,發光層此外包含至少一種主體材料。熟習該項技術者將能夠在沒有困難且無需創新性下從已知的主體材料中選擇。
在本發明另一實施例中,通式(1)化合物係與一或多種摻雜劑(較佳為磷光摻雜劑)組合用作基質材料。
在包含基質材料及摻雜劑的系統中之摻雜劑表示在混合物中之比例較低的成分。對應地,在包含基質材料及摻雜劑之系統中的基質材料表示在混合物中之比例較高的成分。
在此情況下,在發光層中之基質材料比例就螢光發光層而言介於50.0與99.9體積%之間,較佳為介於80.0與99.5體積%之間,而特佳為介於92.0與99.5體積%之間,並就磷光發光層而言介於85.0與97.0體積%之間。
對應地,摻雜劑比例就螢光發光層而言介於0.1與50.0體積%之間,較佳為介於0.5與20.0體積%之間,且特佳為介於0.5與8.0體積%之間,並就磷光發光層而言 介於3.0與15.0體積%之間。
有機電致發光裝置之發光層亦可包含含有複數種基質材料(混合基質系統)及/或複數種摻雜劑之系統。亦在此情況下,摻雜劑通常為系統中比例較低的材料及基質材料為系統中比例較高的材料。然而,在個別的情況下,系統中的個別基質材料之比例可小於個別摻雜劑比例。
在本發明之另一較佳實施例中,通式(1)之化合物係用作混合基質系統之成分。混合基質系統較佳地包含二或三種不同的基質材料,特佳包含兩種不同的基質材料。兩種材料之一者在此較佳為具有電洞傳輸性質之材料和其他材料為具有電子傳輸性質之材料。然而,所要之混合基質成分的電子傳輸和電洞傳輸性質也可主要或完全地組合於單一混合基質成分,其中進一步混合基質成分滿足其他功能。兩種不同的基質材料在此可以1:50至1:1,較佳地1:20至1:1,特佳地1:10至1:1和非常特佳地1:4至1:1之比值存在。混合基質系統較佳係使用於磷光有機電致發光裝置中。關於混合基質系統之更精確資料給予於特別是申請案WO 2010/108579中。
混合基質系統可包含一或多種摻雜劑,較佳地一或多種磷光摻雜劑。通常,混合基質系統較佳係使用於磷光有機電致發光裝置中。
可與根據本發明之化合物組合用作混合基質系統之基質成分的特別適合之基質材料係選自用於下示磷光摻雜劑之較佳基質材料或用於螢光摻雜劑之較佳基質材料,取決 於什麼類型的摻雜劑使用於混合基質系統中。
用於混合基質系統中之較佳磷光摻雜劑為上表中所示之磷光摻雜劑。
以相關功能較佳地使用於根據本發明之裝置中的材料係如下所示。
較佳螢光摻雜劑係選自芳基胺類之類別。芳基胺或芳族胺就本發明意義而言表示含有三個經取代或未經取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統直接鍵結於氮之化合物。此等芳族或雜芳族環系統中之至少一者較佳為縮合環系統,特佳具有至少14個芳族環原子。其較佳例子為芳族蒽胺類、芳族蒽二胺類、芳族芘胺類、芳族芘二胺類、芳族胺類或芳族二胺類。芳族蒽胺表示其中一個二芳基胺基與蒽基團直接鍵結之化合物,較佳地在9-位置上。芳族蒽二胺表示其中兩個二芳基胺基與蒽基團直接鍵結之化合物,較佳地在9,10-位置上。芳族芘胺類、芘二胺類、胺類及二胺類係與其類似地定義,其中二芳基胺基較佳地在1-位置或1,6-位置上與芘鍵結。
除了根據本發明化合物之外,較佳用於螢光摻雜劑之適當基質材料為選自各種類之物質的材料。較佳基質材料係選自寡聚伸芳基類(oligoarylenes)(例如根據EP 676461之2,2’,7,7’-肆苯基螺二茀或二萘基蒽),特別是含有縮合芳族基團之寡聚伸芳基類(oligoarylenes)、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基類(oligoarylenevinylenes)(例如根據EP 676461之DPVBi或螺-DPVBi)、多牙(polypodal)金屬錯合物(例如根 據WO 2004/081017)、電洞傳導化合物(例如根據WO 2004/058911)、電子傳導化合物,特別是酮類、氧化膦類、亞碸類、等等(例如根據WO 2005/084081和WO 2005/084082)、阻轉異構物(例如根據WO 2006/048268)、硼酸衍生物(例如根據WO 2006/117052)或苯並蒽類(例如根據WO 2008/145239)之種類。特佳基質材料係選自包含萘、蒽、苯並蒽及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基類(oligarylenes)或這些化合物的阻轉異構物、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基類(oligoarylenevinylenes)、酮類、氧化膦類和亞碸類之種類。非常特佳基質材料係選自包含蒽、苯並蒽、苯並菲及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基類(oligoarylenes)或這些化合物的阻轉異構物之種類。寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)就本發明意義而言意欲表示一種其中至少三個芳基或伸芳基基團彼此鍵結之化合物。
除了根據本發明化合物之外,用於磷光摻雜劑之較佳基質材料為芳族胺類(特別是三芳基胺,例如根據US 2005/0069729)、咔唑衍生物(例如CBP,N,N-雙咔唑基聯苯)或根據WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851之化合物、橋聯咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2011/088877和WO 2011/128017)、吲哚並咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/136109和WO 2011/000455)、氮雜咔唑衍生物(例如,根據EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160)、吲哚並咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、酮類(例如根據WO 2004/093207或WO 2010/006680)、氧化膦類、亞碸類和碸類(例如根據WO 2005/003253)、寡聚伸苯基類、雙極性基質材料(例如根據WO 2007/137725)、矽烷類(例如根據WO 2005/111172)、氮雜硼烷類或硼酸酯類(例如根據WO 2006/117052)、三衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746)、鋅錯合物(例如根據EP 652273或WO 2009/062578)、鋁錯合物(例如BAlq)、二氮雜矽唑(diazasilole)和四氮雜矽唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054729)、二氮雜磷唑(diazaphosphole)衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054730)和鋁錯合物(例如BAlq)。
適當電荷傳輸材料,如可使用於根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置的電洞注入層或電洞傳輸層或電子傳輸層中,為(例如)在Y.Shirota等人之Chem.Rev.2007,107(4),953-1010中所揭示之化合物或根據先前技術使用於該等層中之其他材料。
有機電致發光裝置之陰極較佳地包含具有低功函數之金屬、金屬合金或包含各種金屬(諸如,例如鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、主族金屬或鑭系元素(例如,Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm、等等))的多層化結構。亦適當者為包含鹼金屬或鹼土金屬和銀之合金,例如包含鎂和銀之合金。在多層化結構的情況下,除了該等金屬以外,亦可使用其他具有較高功函數的金屬,諸如,例如Ag或Al,在該情況下通常使用金屬的組合,諸如,例如Ca/Ag、 Mg/Ag或Ag/Ag。較佳者亦可為在金屬陰極與有機半導體之間引入具有高介電常數之材料的薄中間層。適合於此目者為(例如)鹼金屬氟化物或鹼土金屬氟化物,但亦為對應之氧化物或碳酸鹽(例如LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3、等等)。再者,喹啉酸鋰(LiQ)亦可使用於此目的。此層的層厚度較佳為介於0.5與5nm之間。
陽極較佳地包含具有高功函數之材料。陽極較佳地具有相對於真空為大於4.5eV之功函數。適合於此目的者一方面為具有高還原氧化電位之金屬,諸如,例如Ag、Pt或Au。另一方面,金屬/金屬氧化物電極(例如,Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)亦可為較佳者。就一些應用而言,電極中之至少一者必須為透明或部分透明,以便促進有機材料的照射(有機太陽能電池)或光線的耦合輸出(OLED、O-雷射)。較佳陽極材料在此為導電性混合型金屬氧化物。特佳者為氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)。此外較佳者為導電性摻雜型有機材料,特別為導電性摻雜型聚合物。
將該裝置適當地(視應用而定)結構化,配備有接點且最終密封,因為在水及/或空氣的存在下,根據本發明的裝置壽命會縮短。
在一較佳實施例中,根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置其特徵在於利用昇華方法塗布一或多層,其中該等材料係於真空昇華單元中在低於10-5毫巴,較佳低於10-6毫巴之起始壓力下氣相沈積塗覆。然而,起始壓力在此也可能甚 至更低,例如低於10-7毫巴。
同樣較佳者為一種有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於利用OVPD(有機蒸氣相沉積)法或輔以載體-氣體昇華法塗覆一或多層,其中該等材料係在介於10-5毫巴與1巴之間的壓力下塗覆。此方法的一特殊例子為OVJP(有機蒸氣噴射印刷)法,其中該等材料係經由噴嘴直接塗覆且因此結構化(例如,M.S.Arnold等人之Appl.Phys.Lett.2008,92,053301)。
此外較佳者為一種有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於從溶液製造一或多層,諸如以旋轉塗佈或利用任何所欲印刷法,諸如,例如網版印刷、快乾印刷、噴嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是特佳為LITI(光誘導熱成像、熱轉移印刷)或噴墨印刷。可溶性式(1)化合物為此目的是必要的。高溶解度可經由化合物的適當取代來達成。
為了製造根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置,此外較佳者為從溶液塗覆一或多層及利用昇華法塗覆一或多層。
根據本發明,包含一或多種通式(1)化合物之電子裝置可用於顯示器中,作為照明應用中之光源及醫學及/或美容應用(例如,光療法)中之光源。
包含通式(1)化合物之裝置可以非常靈活的方式使用。因此(例如)包含一或多種通式(1)化合物之電致發光裝置可使用於電視、行動電話、電腦和相機之顯示器中。然而,該裝置也可使用於照明應用。此外,包含至少一種通式(1)化合物之例如OLED或OLEC中的電致發光裝置可 使用於醫藥或化妝品中之光療。因此,可治療許多疾病(牛皮癬、異位性皮膚炎、炎症、座瘡、皮膚癌、等等)或可防止或減少皮膚皺紋、皮膚變紅和皮膚老化。此外,可利用發光裝置以便保持飲料、膳食或食物的新鮮或以便消毒設備(例如醫療設備)。
根據本發明之化合物和根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置區別在於下列超越先前技術的優點:
1.根據本發明之化合物非常適合使用於電子裝置中(諸如,例如在有機電致發光裝置中)之電洞傳輸層或電洞注入層,特別是由於彼等的電洞移動率。
2.根據本發明之化合物具有較低昇華溫度、高溫度穩定性和高氧化穩定性及高玻璃轉移溫度,其二者對於加工皆有利的(例如從溶液或從氣相),且用於電子裝置也有利的。
3.根據本發明之化合物使用於電子裝置,特別是用作電洞傳輸或電洞注入材料,導致高效率、低操作電壓和長壽命。
應指出的是:本發明中所述實施例的變化落在本發明的範圍內。本發明中所揭示之各個特徵,除非明確排除在外,可以用作相同、同等或類似目的之替代特徵置換。因此,本發明中所揭示之各個特徵,除非另有說明,否則被視為通用系列之一個實例或作為等效或類似的特徵。
所有本發明之特徵可以任何方式彼此結合,除非某些功能及/或步驟是互斥的。此特別適用於本發明的較佳特 徵。同樣地,非必要組合的特徵可單獨使用(而不是組合)。
此外應指出許多特徵且特別是本發明之較佳實施例的特徵為發明本身且不應僅被視為本發明的實施例之一部分。對於此等特徵,除了或替代目前主張的各項發明之外,可尋求獨立保護。
關於以本發明揭示之技術作用的教示可予以提取和結合其他的實例。
本發明係以下列實例更詳細地解釋,而不希望以此限制本發明。
材料HIL1、HIL2(EP 0676461)、H1(WO 2008/145239)、H2(WO 2010/136109)、ETM1(WO 2005/053055)、SEB1(WO 2008/006449)、LiQ、Irpy和NPB為熟習該項技術者從先前技術得知者。化合物HTMV1至HTMV6為比較化合物,其可類似於實施例1中所述的方法製備。化合物(1-1)、(1-4)、(1-7)(5-1)、(4-1)、(1-12)、(1-13)、(1-14)、(1-15)、(6-3)、(6-2)、(6-1)、(6-4)、(6-5)、(8-1)、(7-2)、(7-1)、(9-2)、(2-7)、(2-8)和(1-17)係根據本發明。
在已藉由加熱乾燥之燒瓶中將37g(152mmol)的2,2’-二溴聯苯溶解在300ml的無水THF中。將反應混合物冷卻至-78℃。在此溫度下慢慢滴加75ml的正-BuLi(119mmol)在己烷中之15%溶液(期間:約1小時)。將批料在-70℃下攪拌另外1h。隨後將21.8g的二苯甲酮(119mmol)溶解在100ml的THF中並在-70℃下滴加。當添加完成時,將反應混合物緩慢加熱至室溫,用NH4Cl停止反應且隨後在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將510ml的乙酸小心地加到蒸發溶液,且隨後添加100ml的發煙HCl。將批料加熱至75℃並在該溫度下保持4h。在此期間白色固體沈澱出來。然後將批料冷卻至室溫,用抽吸濾出沈澱固體並用甲醇洗滌。將殘餘物在真空中於40℃下乾燥。產 率為33.2g(83mmol)(理論的70%)。
類似地製備下列溴化化合物:
將17g的雙聯苯-4-基胺(53mmol)和23.1g的4-溴-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀(58mmol)溶解在500ml的甲苯中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加5.3ml(5.3mmol)的1M三-第三丁基膦溶液和0.6g(2.65mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)。隨後添加12.7g的第三丁醇鈉(132.23mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱3h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,並將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,將剩下的殘餘物從庚烷/甲苯再結晶及最後在高真空中昇華。純度為99.9%。產率為29g(理論的87%)。
類似地製備下列化合物(1-2)至(1-17):
在已藉由加熱乾燥之燒瓶中將29.5g(120mmol)的3-溴-9H-茀(Tetrahedron Letters,51,37,4894-4897;2010)溶解在220ml的無水DMSO中。在室溫下添加34.7g(361mmol)的NaO t Bu。使懸浮液至65℃之內溫。在此溫度下以內溫不超過65℃之速率滴加22.5ml(361mmol)的碘甲烷在DMSO(50ml)中之溶液(期間:約30min)。將批料在65℃之內溫保持另30min.,且隨後倒進400ml的冰冷卻的NH4OH水溶液(1/1,v/v)並攪拌約20min。用抽吸濾出沈澱固體並用約200ml的H2O和甲醇陸續洗滌。產率:31g(114mmol)(理論的95%)。
類似地製備下列溴化化合物:
將30g的聯苯-3-基聯苯-4-基胺(93.4mmol)和25.5g的3-溴-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀(93.4mmol)溶解在600ml的甲苯中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加3.2g(3.73mmol)的三-第三丁基膦和0.42g(1.87mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)。隨後添加13.9g的第三丁醇鈉(140mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱5h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,並將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從庚烷/甲苯再結晶殘留之殘餘物且最後在高真空中昇華。純度為99.9%。產率為37.8g(理論的79%)。
類似地製備下列化合物(2-2)至(2-10):
在已藉由加熱乾燥之燒瓶中將50g(193mmol)的3-溴-9H-茀酮(Tetrahedron,51,7,2039-54;1995)溶解在500ml的無水THF中。將透明溶液冷卻至-10℃,且然後添加 70.7ml(212mmol)的3M溴化苯鎂溶液。將反應混合物緩慢加熱至室溫和然後使用NH4Cl(500ml)停止反應。隨後將混合物分溶在乙酸乙酯和水之間,並將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。從庚烷/甲苯再結晶粗製產物。將400ml的苯加至殘餘物。將批料加熱至50℃,和隨後滴加18.6ml的三氟甲磺酸。30min.之後,將反應混合物冷卻至室溫和倒進1L的水中。將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用庚烷/乙酸乙酯1:1之過濾產生55.6g(135mmol)(理論的70%)。
類似地製備下列溴化化合物:
將12g的聯苯-2-基聯苯-4-基胺(37mmol)、16.3g的3-溴-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀(41mmol)溶解在360ml的甲苯 中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加3.7ml(3.7mmol)的三-第三丁基膦之1M溶液和0.42g(1.87mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)。隨後添加9.0g的第三丁醇鈉(93.3mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱3h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,殘留之殘餘物從庚烷/甲苯再結晶且最後在高真空中昇華。純度為99.9%。產率為20g(理論的85%)。
類似地製備下列化合物(3-2)至(3-5):
將7.9g(50mmol)的4-氯苯硼酸、20g(50mmol)的4-溴-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀和55ml的2M NaHCO3水溶液(111mmol)懸浮在400ml的二甲氧基乙烷中。將1.45g(1.26mmol)的肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)加至此懸浮液。將反應混合物在回流下加熱16h。冷卻之後,分離出有機相,經過矽凝膠過濾,用300ml的水洗滌三次且隨後蒸發至乾。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(20:1)之過濾產生18.4g(85%)的4-(4-氯苯基)-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀。
類似地製備下列氯化化合物:
將13.60g的雙聯苯-4-基胺(43mmol)和18.2g的4-氯-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀(43mmol)溶解在400ml的甲苯中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加1.04g(2.55mmol)的S-Phos和1.94g(2.1307mmol)的鈀(II)dba。隨後添加10g的第三丁醇鈉(106mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱3h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從庚烷 /甲苯再結晶殘留之殘餘物且最後在高真空中昇華。純度為99.9%。產率為23g(理論的77%)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將15.0g(29mmol)的雙聯苯-4-基-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-4-基)胺溶解在150ml的乙腈中,和在室溫下分批加入5.2g(29mmol)的N-溴琥珀酰亞胺。當反應完成時,添加水和乙酸乙酯,並將有機相分離出來,乾燥和蒸發。隨後藉由攪拌將粗製產物用熱甲醇/庚烷(1:1)洗滌很多次。產率:13.5g(80%)的產物。
類似地製備下列溴化化合物:
雙聯苯-4-基-[9,9-二甲基-1-(9-苯基-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9H-茀-4-基]胺(5-1)
將6.3g(22mmol)的N-苯基咔唑-3-基硼酸和13g(22mmol)的雙聯苯-4-基-(1-溴-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-4-基)胺懸浮在200ml的二甲氧基乙烷和30ml的2M Na2CO3溶液中。將0.6g(2.0mmol)的肆(三苯膦)鈀加至此懸浮液。將反應混合物在回流下加熱16h。冷卻之後,將反應混合物用乙酸乙酯稀釋,且將有機相分離出來,用100ml的水洗滌三次且隨後蒸發至乾。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(20:1)之過濾產生15g(90%)的雙聯苯-4-基-[9,9-二甲基-1-(9-苯基-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9H-茀-4-基]胺(5-1)。
類似地製備化合物(5-2)至(5-5):
將30.0g的聯苯-4-基-(4-二苯並呋喃-4-基苯基)胺(CAS:955959-89-4)(73mmol)和17.4g的1-氯-2-碘苯(73mmol)溶解在460ml的甲苯中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加2.9ml(2.9mmol)的1M三-第三丁基膦溶液和0.33g(1.46mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)。隨後添加10.5g的第三丁醇鈉(109mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱3h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從再庚烷/ 甲苯結晶殘留之殘餘物且最後在高真空中昇華。純度為99.9%。產率為30g(理論的80%)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將20.0g(45mmol)的(9,9-二苯基-9H-茀-4-基)硼酸品醇酯、23.5g(45mmol)的聯苯-4-基-(4-氯苯基)-(4-二苯並呋喃-4-基-苯基)胺懸浮在400ml的二噁烷和13.7g的氟化銫(90mmol)中。將4.0g(5.4mmol)的雙(三環己膦)二氯化鈀加至此懸浮液,並將反應混合物在回流下加熱18h。冷卻之後,將有機相分離出來,經過矽凝膠過濾,用80 ml的水洗滌三次且隨後蒸發至乾。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從庚烷/甲苯再結晶殘留之殘餘物且最後在高真空中昇華。純度為99.9%。產率為25g(理論的80%)。
類似地製備下列化合物(6-2)至(6-5):
將30.0g(142mmol)的二苯並呋喃-4-硼酸、32g(142mmol)的8-氯苯並[c]唏-6-酮(CAS:742058-81-7)和43g的氟化銫(283mmol)懸浮在800ml的二噁烷中。將12.5g(17mmol)的雙(三環己膦)二氯化鈀加至此懸浮液,並將反應混合物在回流下加熱18h。冷卻之後,將有機相分離出來,經過矽凝膠過濾,用100ml的水洗滌三次且隨後蒸發至乾。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從庚烷/甲苯再結晶殘留之殘餘物。產率為45g(理論的88%)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
在已藉由加熱乾燥之燒瓶中將25.4g(70mmol)的8-二苯並呋喃-4-基苯並[c]唏-6-酮溶解在340ml的無水THF中。將溶液用N2飽和。將透明溶液冷卻至-10℃,且然後添加70ml(210mmol)的3M溴化苯鎂溶液。將反應混合物緩慢加熱至室溫和然後用乙酸酐(70mmol)停止反應。隨後將混合物分溶在乙酸乙酯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸 發。將310ml的乙酸小心加至蒸發溶液,且隨後添加70ml的發煙HCl。將批料加熱至75℃並在該溫度下保持4h。在此期間白色固體沈澱出來。然後將批料冷卻至室溫,用抽吸濾出沈澱固體並用甲醇洗滌。將殘餘物在真空中於40℃下乾燥。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用庚烷/乙酸乙酯1:1之過濾產生26g(理論的75%)。
類似地製備下列溴化化合物:
在已藉由加熱乾燥之燒瓶中將25g(50mmol)的7-二苯並呋喃-4-基-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀-4-醇溶解在300ml的無水THF中。將溶液用N2飽和。將透明溶液冷卻至5℃,且然後添加20ml(150mmol)的三乙胺、122mg的4-二甲基胺基吡啶和8.65ml的三氟甲磺酸酐。將反應混合物緩慢加熱至室溫。將反應混合物隨後用庚烷稀釋,在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發並用水分溶,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用庚烷/乙酸乙酯1:1之過濾產生30g(理論的98%)。
將18.9g的三氟甲磺酸酯(30mmol)和8.16g的雙-4-聯苯胺(25mmol)溶解在240ml的甲苯中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加0.74g(1.79mmol)的S-Phos和1.36g的鈀dba(1.49mmol)。隨後添加5.7g的第三丁醇鈉(59.7mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於85℃下加熱3h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從庚烷/甲苯再結晶殘留之殘餘物。純度為99.9%。產率為15g(理論的65%)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將19.0g的聯苯-2-基聯苯-4-基胺(59mmol)和16.3g的8-溴苯並[c]唏-6-酮(59mmol)溶解在400ml的甲苯中:將溶液脫氣並用N2飽和。然後添加2.36ml(2.36mmol)的1M三-第三丁基膦溶液和0.27g(1.18mmol)的乙酸鈀(II)。隨後添加11.6g的第三丁醇鈉(109mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下在沸騰下加熱3h。隨後將混合物分溶在甲苯和水之間,及將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,從庚烷/甲苯再結晶殘留之殘餘物。產率為27g(理論的90%)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
類似於7-二苯並呋喃-4-基-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀-4-醇製備下列化合物:
亦類似於雙聯苯-4-基-(7-二苯並呋喃-4-基-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀-4-基)胺(化合物(7-1))製備化合物(8-1):
在已藉由加熱乾燥之燒瓶中將24.4g(37mmol)的1-(雙聯苯-4-基胺基)-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀-4-醇溶解在210ml的無水THF中。將溶液N2用飽和。將透明溶液冷卻至5℃,及然後添加15.5ml(112mmol)的三乙胺、100mg的4-二甲基胺基吡啶和6.45ml的三氟甲磺酸酐。將反應混合物緩慢加熱至室溫。隨後將反應混合物用庚烷稀釋,在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發並用水分溶,及將有機相用水洗滌三 次,經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用庚烷/乙酸乙酯1:1之過濾產生26.7g(理論的91%)。
將17.2g(22mmol)的1-(雙聯苯-4-基胺基)-9,9-二苯基-9H-茀-4-醇、6.9g(33mmol)的4-聯苯並呋喃硼酸、9.0g的偏硼酸鈉八水合物(32.9mmol)和0.03ml的水合肼(0.657mmol)懸浮在200ml的THF中。將0.3g(0.44mmol)的雙(三苯膦)二氯化鈀加至此懸浮液,並將反應混合物在70℃下加熱18h。冷卻之後,將混合物分溶在乙酸乙酯和水之間,並將有機相用水洗滌三次,經過Na2SO4乾燥且隨後蒸發至乾。粗製產物經過矽凝膠用甲苯過濾之後,將殘留之殘餘物從庚烷/甲苯再結晶且隨後昇華。產率為12g(理論的70%)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
藉由根據WO 04/058911的一般方法製造根據本發明之OLED和根據先前技術之OLED,其適用於此處所述之狀況(層厚變化,材料)。
各種OLED之結果係出示於下列實例V1至V13及 E1至E43中(參見表1、3和2、4)。所使用之基板為已用50nm厚度的結構化ITO(氧化銦錫)塗佈之玻璃板。OLED基本上具有下列的層結構:基板/隨意的電洞注入層(HIL1)/電洞傳輸(HTL)/電洞注入層(HIL2)/電子阻擋層(EBL)/發光層(EML)/電子傳輸層(ETL)/隨意的電子注入層(EIL)和最後為陰極。陰極係由具有100nm厚度的鋁層所形成。OLED的精確結構顯示於表1和3中。用於製造OLED所需的材料係如上所指示。
所有的材料係在真空室中以熱蒸氣沉積法塗覆。發光層在此總是由至少一種基質材料(主體材料)及發光摻雜劑(發光體)所組成,該發光摻雜劑藉由共蒸發而與一或多種基質材料以特定體積比例摻混。詞句諸如H1:SEB1(95%:5%)在此表示材料H1係以95%之體積比例存在於層中,和SEB1係以5%之比例存在於層中。類似地,電子傳輸層亦可由兩種材料之混合物所組成。
OLED係以標準方法示性。為此目的,測定電致發光光譜、電流效率(以cd/A測量)、功率效率(以lm/W測量)及假設Lambert發光特性,從電流/電壓/發光密度特徵線(IUL特徵線)計算以發光密度為函數之外部量子效率(EQE,以百分比測量)及壽命。電致發光光譜係在1000cd/m2之發光密度下測定且從此計算CIE 1931 x與y色度座標。詞句EQE @ 1000cd/m2表示在1000cd/m2之操作發光密度下的外部量子效率。LT80 @ 6000cd/m2為OLED已從6000cd/m2之發光強度降至初發光強度之80%,即至 4800cd/m2的壽命。將各種OLED的數據總結於表列2和4中。
特別地,根據本發明之化合物適合作為OLED中的HIL、HTL或EBL。彼等適以單層亦及混合組份形式用作HIL、HTL、EBL或用於EML內。與NPB參考成分(V1、V8)比較,包含根據本發明化合物之樣品呈現較高效率以及顯著改良單峰藍色和三重峰綠色二者的壽命。與參考材料材料HTMV1(V2、V9)比較,根據本發明之化合物(1-1)(E1、E7)具有藍色和綠色之顯著較佳壽命。與參考材料HTMV2-HTMV6(V3-V7和V9-V13)比較,根據本發明之材料(1-1)、(1-4)、(1-7)、(5-1)、(4-1)、(1-12)、(1-13)、(1-14)、(1-15)、(1-3)、(6-3)、(6-2)、(6-1)、(6-4)、(6-5)、(8-1)、(7-1)、(7-2)、(9-2)、(2-7)、(2-8)、(2-9)、(2-10)和(1-17),呈現藍色和綠色的較佳壽命。
特別地,根據本發明化合物適合作為OLED中的HIL、HTL或EBL。彼等適以單層亦及混合組份形式用作HIL、HTL、EBL或用於EML內。與NPB參考成分(V1)比較,所有包含根據本發明化合物之樣品呈現較高效率且也顯著改良單峰藍色和三重峰綠色的壽命。
Claims (18)
- 一種通式(5)之化合物,
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物具有通式(8)
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物具有通式(11)
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物具有通式(14)
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或3項之化合物,其中該化合物不包含咔唑或其它茀類。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中該二個R 1為相同。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中B’為單鍵。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中該化合物為單胺化合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中該化合物係如下式中之一者所示:
- 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物之方法,其係利用一步驟Buchwald偶合藉由含有脫離基之茀衍生物與Ar 2-NH-Ar 1的反應。
- 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物之方法,其係利用二步驟Buchwald偶合藉由含有脫離基之茀衍生物與(1)Ar 2-NH 2和(2)NH 2-Ar 1的逐步反 應。
- 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物之方法,其特徵在於該化合物係從苯並 唏-6-酮製備。
- 根據申請專利範圍第12項之方法,其包含下列步驟:a)將有機金屬化合物加至苯並 唏-6-酮上,及隨後b)酸催化環化以產生4-羥基茀衍生物,及隨後c)將在茀之位置4的羥基轉化成脫離基,及隨後d)將茀轉化成所要產物。
- 一種組成物,其包含一或多種根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物及至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組的其他有機功能材料:螢光發光體、磷光發光體、主體材料、基質材料、電子傳輸材料、電子注入材料、電洞導體材料、電洞注入材料、電子阻擋材料及電洞阻擋材料。
- 一種調配物,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物或至少一種根據申請專利範圍第14項之組成物及至少一種溶劑。
- 一種電子裝置,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物或至少一種根據申請專利範圍第14項之組成物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16項之電子裝置,其係選自有機積體電路(O-IC)、有機場效應電晶體(O-FET)、有機 薄膜電晶體(O-TFT)、有機發光電晶體(O-LET)、有機太陽能電池(O-SC)、有機光學偵測器、有機光受體、有機場淬熄裝置(field-quench devices)(O-FQD)、有機發光電化學電池(LEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16或17項之電子裝置,其係選自下列群組:有機電致發光裝置,包括有機發光二極體(OLED),其中根據申請專利範圍第1至9項中任一項之化合物或根據申請專利範圍第14項之組成物係以下列功能之一或多者使用:- 作為電洞傳輸層或電洞注入層中之電洞傳輸材料,- 作為發光層中之基質材料,- 作為電子阻擋材料,- 作為激子阻擋材料。
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