JP6174574B2 - アンテナ制御 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/0483—Transmitters with multiple parallel paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
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Description
「エネルギー変換器」という用語が明細書全体を通して使用される。実施形態では、エネルギー変換器は、トランスインピーダンスノードにおいてダイナミックインピーダンスを制御することによって、エネルギーをポテンシャルエネルギー(例えば、ACまたはDC電源)から無線周波数(RF)信号に変換するように構成された装置であり、それによって可変の動的負荷線を得る。エネルギー変換器の例は、上記の相互参照された米国特許に記載されており、これらは参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。例えば、上記の相互参照された米国特許の少なくとも1つに記載されているように、エネルギー変換器ベースの送信器は、所望の波形を出力電力の広い範囲にわたって高度に線形に、かつ効率的に発生することを可能にする。この高度に線形かつ効率的なエネルギー変換器は、エネルギー変換器ベースの送信器の様々な段に適用され得る振幅および/または位相制御機構によって支援される。例えば、振幅および/または位相制御信号は、デジタル制御回路(いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書で「ベクトル合成エンジン」(VSE)とも呼ばれる)によって生成され、エネルギー変換器ベースの送信器の多入力多出力(MISO)オペレータ回路に加えられてよい。次に、振幅および/または位相制御信号は、エネルギー変換器の出力において高い振幅/位相精度を確保するために、様々な回路およびシステム特性化、回路および/またはシステム較正および/またはフィードバック(例えば、測定および補正)機構によって支援されてよい。
この節では、多素子アンテナアレイにおけるビームステアリングが説明される。例として、図1Aおよび図1Bは、例示的2素子アンテナアレイ100におけるビームステアリングを概念的に図示する。アンテナアレイ100は、送信アンテナでも受信アンテナでもよい。図1Aに示されるように、アンテナ100は、アンテナアレイ100の第1のアンテナ素子および第2のアンテナ素子(図1Aに図示せず)の位相をそれぞれ制御する第1の可変移相器102、および第2の可変移相器104を含む。
x=d*sin(Φs) (2)
図4は、従来の多素子送信アンテナアレイ400を示す。図4に示されるように、従来の多素子送信アンテナアレイ400は複数(N)の単一経路を含み、それぞれが送信器4021〜402N、電力増幅器(PA)4041〜404N、可変移相器4061〜406N、およびアンテナ素子4081〜408Nを含む。送信(TX)情報410は、複数の信号経路のそれぞれに、そのそれぞれの送信器4021〜402Nを介して同時に入力される。送信器402は、任意の知られている従来の送信器でよい。送信器4021〜402Nは、局部発振器(LO)414からの基準信号416を使用して、例えば入力TX情報410を変調および/または周波数アップコンバートする。送信器4021〜402Nの出力は、それぞれPA4041〜404Nによって電力増幅され、次に、可変移相器4061〜406Nによる作用をそれぞれ受ける。具体的には、それぞれの可変移相器4061〜406Nは、それぞれの位相シフト制御信号4121〜412Nに基づいて、それぞれの位相シフトをそれぞれのPA出力に施す。
本発明の実施形態は、以下で説明されるエネルギー変換器ベースの多素子アンテナアレイを提示する。実施形態では、多素子アンテナアレイは電子的に可動である。
多入力多出力(MIMO)アンテナ動作は、「空間多重化」と呼ばれることが多い。空間多重化とは、1または複数の高データレート信号を多数の(かつ場合によって低)データレート信号に分離する技法を指し、これらの信号は次に、異なる送信アンテナを介して同一の周波数またはチャネルで送信される。送信アンテナが、適度に異なる空間シグネチャを有する(例えばアンテナが、異なる偏波を有する、または異なる平面に存在する)場合、同数の受信アンテナを有する受信器は、並列チャネルとして多数のデータレート信号を処理することができる。そのようにして空間多重化は、チャネル容量を大幅に増大させることができる。MIMO動作は、少なくとも2つのアンテナを必要とするが、空間的に分離され得る、実際上可能なだけ多くのアンテナを使用することができる。
本発明の実施形態による例示的実施態様が次に提示される。これらの例示的実施態様は、説明の目的のためにのみ提示され、したがって限定するものではない。さらに説明されるように、これらの例示的実施態様は、高精度、高効率マルチモード無線適用例のためのRF電力送信器エンジンを可能にするために、それらの設計において、エネルギー変換器ベースの送信器および/またはエネルギーサンプリングベースの受信器を使用する。エネルギー変換器ベースの送信器およびエネルギーサンプリングベースの受信器の例は、上記の相互参照された米国特許に記載されており、これらは参照によりそれらの全体で本明細書に組み込まれる。例えば、上記の相互参照された米国特許の少なくとも1つに記載されているように、エネルギーサンプリング受信器は、RF波形を復調するための効率的で高度に線形の解決策を提供する。エネルギーサンプリングベースの受信器は、高い感度、大きいダイナミックレンジ、広い瞬時帯域幅、および広い同調範囲を小型の実施態様として提供する。
上述の本発明の実施形態は、それだけには限らないが、軍通信適用例、無線地域ネットワーク(WLAN)適用例、セルラ電話適用例(例えば、基地局、ハンドセットなど)、ピコセル適用例、フェムトセル適用例、および自動車適用例を含む様々な通信適用例で使用するのに適している。特に、MESAベースのMIMOアンテナ実施形態は、ロングタームエボリューション(LTE)ベースの通信方式(4Gエンハンスドパケット方式(4G Enhanced Packet System)(EPS)標準規格の一部)での使用に適しており、システムのデータスループット、ユーザ容量、および任意の静的または動的環境における性能(例えば、信号対雑音比)を最適化するのに使用されてよい。
発明の概要項および要約項ではなく、発明を実施するための形態項は、特許請求の範囲を解釈するために使用されるものであることを理解されたい。発明の概要項および要約項は、本発明者らによって企図された1または複数の、しかし全部ではない本発明の例示的実施形態を記述するものでよく、したがって、本発明および添付の特許請求の範囲を何ら限定するものではない。
Claims (15)
- 入力情報を受け取り、当該受け取った入力情報に基づいて、振幅制御信号、位相制御信号、および電力供給制御信号を生成するように構成された制御回路と、
前記振幅制御信号および前記位相制御信号を受け取り、当該受け取った振幅制御信号および位相制御信号に基づいて制御された振幅および位相で無線周波数(RF)出力信号を生成するように構成された多入力単出力(MISO)オペレータと、
前記電力供給制御信号に基づいて前記MISOオペレータに供給される電力量を制御することにより、前記MISOオペレータの前記RF出力信号の前記振幅および/または前記位相を制御するように構成された電源と、
前記RF出力信号を受信および送信するように構成されたアンテナ素子と
を備えることを特徴とするエネルギー変換器ベースの送信器。 - 位相制御情報および出力電力制御情報を前記制御回路に供給するように構成されたデジタルおよび混合信号回路をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の送信器。
- 前記制御回路は、前記デジタルおよび混合信号回路から供給される前記位相制御情報および前記出力電力制御情報に基づいて前記振幅制御信号および前記位相制御信号を生成するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の送信器。
- 入力情報に基づいて振幅制御信号、位相制御信号、および電力供給制御信号を制御回路により生成するステップと、
前記振幅制御信号および前記位相制御信号に基づいて無線周波数(RF)出力信号を多入力単出力(MISO)オペレータにより生成するステップと、
前記MISOオペレータに供給される電力量を制御することにより、前記MISOオペレータの前記RF出力信号の振幅および/または位相を電源により制御するステップと、
前記RF出力信号をアンテナにより送信するステップと
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 位相制御情報および出力電力制御情報を前記制御回路に供給するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記供給するステップは、前記位相制御情報および前記出力電力制御情報に基づいて前記振幅制御信号および前記位相制御信号を生成するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 複数の信号経路を備える多素子送信アンテナアレイであって、前記信号経路のそれぞれが、
入力情報を受け取り、当該受け取った入力情報に基づいて、振幅制御信号、位相制御信号、および電力供給制御信号を生成するように構成された制御回路と、
前記振幅制御信号および前記位相制御信号を受け取り、当該振幅制御信号、位相制御信号に基づいて、無線周波数(RF)出力信号を生成するように構成された多入力単出力(MISO)オペレータと、
前記電力供給制御信号に基づいて前記MISOオペレータに供給される電力量を制御することにより、前記MISOオペレータの前記RF出力信号の振幅および/または位相を制御するように構成された電源と、
前記RF出力信号を受信および送信するように構成されたアンテナ素子と
を備えることを特徴とする多素子送信アンテナアレイ。 - 位相制御情報および出力電力制御情報を前記制御回路に供給するように構成されたデジタルおよび混合信号回路をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記制御回路は、前記デジタルおよび混合信号回路から供給される前記位相制御情報および前記出力電力制御情報に基づいて前記振幅制御信号および前記位相制御信号を生成するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記複数の信号経路は、多素子電子式可動アンテナ(MESA)アレイを形成することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記複数の信号経路は、多入力多出力(MIMO)アンテナを形成することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記複数の信号経路は、複数の多入力多出力(MIMO)アンテナを形成することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記複数の信号経路は、セルラ電話、衛星電話、ハンドセットデバイス、またはそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つに使用するための複数のアンテナ素子を形成することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記信号経路のそれぞれの前記アンテナ素子を位相較正するように構成された較正経路をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
- 前記複数の信号経路のそれぞれの利得、放射パターン、動作方向、またはそれらの組合せは、前記複数の信号経路の出力信号間の相対位相シフト、前記複数の信号経路の前記出力信号の振幅、またはそれらの組合せのうちの少なくとも1つを調整することによって調整可能であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の多素子送信アンテナアレイ。
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JP5668979B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2015-02-12 | ソニー株式会社 | 受信装置、受信方法、およびプログラム |
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US9479203B2 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2016-10-25 | Mediatek Inc. | Transceiver capable of IQ mismatch compensation on the fly and method thereof |
WO2012167111A2 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-06 | Parkervision, Inc. | Antenna control |
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-
2012
- 2012-06-01 WO PCT/US2012/040500 patent/WO2012167111A2/en unknown
- 2012-06-01 EP EP12792448.8A patent/EP2715867A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-01 KR KR1020147000096A patent/KR20140034895A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-06-01 JP JP2014513755A patent/JP6174574B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-04 US US13/487,956 patent/US8755454B2/en active Active - Reinstated
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2014
- 2014-04-29 US US14/264,155 patent/US9419692B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2016
- 2016-08-14 US US15/236,453 patent/US20170222711A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2017
- 2017-07-06 JP JP2017133153A patent/JP2017212741A/ja active Pending
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KR20140034895A (ko) | 2014-03-20 |
WO2012167111A2 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
EP2715867A2 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
US20130077708A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
JP2017212741A (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
JP2014522604A (ja) | 2014-09-04 |
EP2715867A4 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
US9419692B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
US20170222711A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
WO2012167111A3 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
US20150288431A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
US8755454B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
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