JP2019520870A - 心臓弁プロテーゼ送達システム、及び導入器シースを用いた心臓弁プロテーゼの送達方法、及び装填システム - Google Patents

心臓弁プロテーゼ送達システム、及び導入器シースを用いた心臓弁プロテーゼの送達方法、及び装填システム Download PDF

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JP2019520870A
JP2019520870A JP2018558273A JP2018558273A JP2019520870A JP 2019520870 A JP2019520870 A JP 2019520870A JP 2018558273 A JP2018558273 A JP 2018558273A JP 2018558273 A JP2018558273 A JP 2018558273A JP 2019520870 A JP2019520870 A JP 2019520870A
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ステファン シュレック、
ステファン シュレック、
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イエナバルブ テクノロジー インク
イエナバルブ テクノロジー インク
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/962Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
    • A61F2/966Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/0095Packages or dispensers for prostheses or other implants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/243Deployment by mechanical expansion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/2436Deployment by retracting a sheath
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/9522Means for mounting a stent or stent-graft onto or into a placement instrument
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2002/9505Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having retaining means other than an outer sleeve, e.g. male-female connector between stent and instrument
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/95Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
    • A61F2/962Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
    • A61F2/966Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
    • A61F2002/9665Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod with additional retaining means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/006Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
    • A61F2250/0062Kits of prosthetic parts to be assembled in various combinations for forming different prostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/006Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
    • A61F2250/0064Sets comprising a plurality of prosthetic parts of different sizes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0092Means for cleaning prostheses

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本開示は、送達カテーテルと、前記カテーテルから患者の脈管構造内への、ステントの段階的な解放と、経カテーテル心臓弁(THV)プロテーゼのための装填装置とに関する。

Description

本開示は、送達システムと、カテーテルシステムと、プロテーゼの最小切開の適用を、それを必要とする個体に行う方法と、カテーテルシステム及び/又は送達システム上にプロテーゼを装填するための方法及び装置とに関する。
本出願は、2015年3月20日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/136,092号、及び2016年5月13日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/336,153号に関し、当該出願の全開示内容は参照により本明細書中に援用される。
本開示は医療装置の分野に関し、特に、適切な身体機能を回復するためにプロテーゼの移植を必要とする個体内に、低侵襲な方法及びそのために適用可能な手段を介して移植されるプロテーゼに関する。
最小切開の方法を介して配置されるプロテーゼの例は、ステントと、大動脈心臓弁及び僧帽心臓弁のような心臓弁とである。心臓弁は現在のところ、例えば経心尖的経路、経大腿動脈的経路、又は経鎖骨下動脈的経路によって適用されている。
通常、プロテーゼは、カテーテルとも称される送達システムを介して移植部位まで送達される。経大腿動脈的送達を介するカテーテルについての要件は、経心尖的経路と比較してより狭く、より長く、より曲がりくねった経路のため、より複雑である。
そのような送達システムの一例は欧州特許第2387977B1号明細書において開示されている。この特許では、大動脈心臓弁の送達のための経大腿動脈的カテーテルについて記載されている。この特許では、本明細書中に記載する特徴は開示されておらず示唆もされていない。
通常、プロテーゼは、患者の脈管構造を通過し移植部位まで送達されるように、カテーテル上で径方向に圧縮され、小さなサイズにクリンピングされる。従来技術において周知の様々なシステムでは、18フレンチ〜26フレンチのプロファイルを有するカテーテルシステムが使用される。長期のクリンピングは組織弁尖(tissue leaflets)の特性に対して有害な影響を及ぼす可能性があるため、プロテーゼは手術室において使用の直前にカテーテル上にクリンピング又は装填される。一般に、装填手順は、訓練された操作者によって専用の装填ツールを使用して減菌野において実行される。これにより移植手順の複雑さが増加する。
別の考慮事項は、最終的な移植位置内へのプロテーゼの正確な位置決めである。拍動している心臓により、天然の(native)弁輪が心周期と共に移動することが引き起こされる。これにより、静止していない標的がもたらされる。場合によっては、プロテーゼの配置の間、静止した標的をもたらすために自然な心拍が中断される。場合によっては、プロテーゼは、前記プロテーゼの位置決めをより良好に制御するために段階的に配備される。場合によっては、カテーテルはプロテーゼの再位置決めが望ましい場合に、部分的な解放の後でプロテーゼを後退させるように設計される。
送達における別の考慮事項は、脈管構造及びその屈曲部を通したカテーテルによるプロテーゼの操作である。脈管構造は一般に狭く、特に心臓内への大動脈入口において狭角を有するかなりの湾曲部を通過しなければならないという事実は、そのような送達手順及び装置にとっての実質的な課題を意味している。
さらに別の考慮事項は、カテーテルシステムの直径サイズである。患者の脈管構造を通した送達のためのカテーテル内でのクリンピングされたプロテーゼの直径サイズは、移植手順に、及び/又は移植された場合のプロテーゼの機能に影響を及ぼす場合がある。多くの周知のシステムは適切なクリンピングサイズを達成せず、周知のシステムにおいては多くの場合、クリンピング手順の間にプロテーゼ組織に悪影響が及ぼされる。
本開示の目的は、ステント又はプロテーゼ、特に心臓弁プロテーゼのための簡単且つ正確に操作可能な送達システムであって、従来技術の送達システムの欠点を改良又は回避した送達システムを提供することである。
上記で言及し概説した問題に基づいて、本開示の特定の実施形態は、狭窄した心臓弁又は心臓弁機能不全を治療するための専用の体内プロテーゼの送達及び位置決めという課題に対処することができ、それにより、据え付けられる装置の最適な位置決め精度及び固定が実現される。加えて、狭窄した心臓弁又は心臓弁機能不全の治療は、患者に大きなストレスを与えることなく狭窄した心臓弁又は心臓弁機能不全のルーチン治療を可能にする比較的簡単な手順を介して達成され得る。
本開示のいくつかの態様の1つの例示的目的は、プロテーゼ、例えば心臓弁の送達のためのカテーテルシステムを提供することを含む。特に、前記システムでは、操作者によって最小の労力と技能とを用いて心臓弁が確実に装填及びクリンピングされ得る。
本開示のいくつかの態様の別の例示的目的は、標的部位までのプロテーゼの送達を容易にするように設計された、プロテーゼのためのカテーテル及び送達システムを提供することを含む。本開示のいくつかのシステムでは、例えば、従来技術において周知の欠点が低減されたか又はなくされた状態での、患者の脈管構造を通した操作が可能である。
本開示の別の例示的目的は、プロテーゼの段階的な解放であって、プロテーゼを標的部位に正確に(例えば、適切な位置及び/又は向きを有して)配置し、この様式での再位置決めを、及び/又は位置決め手順の微調整を可能にするための、プロテーゼの段階的な解放を含む。
本開示は、少なくとも1つの態様では、脈管構造内へのステントの順次的解放のための機構を有するカテーテルに関する。前記ステントは自己拡張式ステントであってもよい。前記ステントはグラフトによって覆われていてもよい。前記ステントは心臓弁プロテーゼを含んでもよい。前記脈管構造は血管を含んでもよい。前記脈管構造は天然の心臓弁を含んでもよい。前記脈管構造は天然の心臓弁の弁輪を含んでもよい。
いくつかの態様では、本開示は、脈管構造内にステントを順次的に解放する方法に関する。前記方法は、前記ステントの第1の端を前記カテーテルから解放する第1の工程を含んでもよく、前記ステントの前記第1の端は、解放されると前記脈管構造に接触する。前記方法は、前記ステントの第2の端を解放する第2の工程を含んでもよく、これによりステント全体が前記カテーテルから解放される。
いくつかの態様では、本開示は、装填装置と、プロテーゼ、好ましくは置換心臓弁プロテーゼをカテーテルシステム上に装填する方法とに関する。
いくつかの態様では、本開示は、装置をカテーテル及び/又は送達装置上に装填する方法に関する。
例示的実施形態について添付の図面を参照して説明する。
カテーテルの第1の例示的実施形態の断面側面図。 心臓弁を含むステントの側面図。 ステントを保持しているカテーテルの第1の実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程1の間の、カテーテルの第1の実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程1を完了した後の、カテーテルの第1の実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程2の間の、カテーテルの第1の実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程2を完了した後の、カテーテルの第1の実施形態の断面側面図。 カテーテルの第2の例示的実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程1を完了した後の、カテーテルの第2の実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程2を完了した後の、カテーテルの第2の実施形態の断面側面図。 ステントを含んでいるカテーテルの第3の例示的実施形態の断面側面図。 配備工程1を完了した後の、カテーテルの第3の実施形態の断面側面図。 例示的送達システム内に部分的に圧潰された弁プロテーゼ。 送達システム内に完全に圧潰された弁プロテーゼ。 弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セクションとのための保管コンテナの実施形態。 弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セクションとのための保管コンテナの代替の実施形態。 送達システムの遠位セクションと近位セクションとの間の取り付け機構の第1の実施形態。 送達システムの遠位セクション、及び前記送達システムの近位端への取り付け機構の、第2の実施形態。 送達システムの遠位セクション、及び前記送達システムの近位端への取り付け機構の、組み付け前の第3の実施形態。 送達システムの遠位セクション、及び前記送達システムの近位端への取り付け機構の、部分的に組み付けられた第3の実施形態。 経カテーテル心臓弁(THV)のプルワイヤ1アクチュエータ解放機構及び解放シーケンス。 経カテーテル心臓弁(THV)のプルワイヤ1アクチュエータ解放機構及び解放シーケンス。 経カテーテル心臓弁(THV)のプルワイヤ1アクチュエータ解放機構及び解放シーケンス。 THVのプッシュワイヤ1アクチュエータ解放機構及び解放シーケンス。 THVのプッシュワイヤ1アクチュエータ解放機構及び解放シーケンス。 THVのプッシュワイヤ1アクチュエータ解放機構及び解放シーケンス。 カテーテルからのTHVの意図しない解放に対して有用な安全機能としてのフェルールロッキングクリップ。 カテーテルからのTHVの意図しない解放に対して有用な安全機能としてのフェルールロッキングクリップ。 カテーテルからのTHVの意図しない解放に対して有用な安全機能としてのフェルールロッキングクリップ。 カテーテルからのTHVの意図しない解放に対して有用な安全機能としてのフェルールロッキングクリップ。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。 THVプロテーゼのための装填ツール構成要素及び使用シーケンス。
少なくとも1つの態様では、本開示は、第1の保持スリーブと第2の保持スリーブとカテーテルシャフトとステントホルダーとを含む、ステントの順次的配備のためのカテーテルシステムに関し、ここで、前記第1のスリーブは前記カテーテルシャフトに対して軸方向に移動可能であり、前記第2のスリーブは前記カテーテルシャフトに軸方向で固定されており、前記ステントホルダーは前記カテーテルシャフトに対して軸方向に移動可能である。
本開示の様々な実施形態は、上述の目的のうちの1又は複数に、有利な且つ予期しないやり方で対処し得る。特に、いくつかの態様では、心臓弁プロテーゼの送達、位置決め、及び/又は再位置決めが容易にされ得る。
少なくとも1つの態様では、本開示は、ステントの順次的配備のための方法に関し、ここで、カテーテルの第1のスリーブ(11)が移動され、続いてステントホルダー(15)が移動され、前記ステントの解放及び方向付けられた配備がもたらされる。
本開示によって理解される「ステント」は、任意の周知の且つ有用な組織で作られていてもよい弁、例えば心臓弁を含んでもよく、例えば前記組織は心膜組織で作られているか又は心膜組織を含んでもよい。そのような組み合わせは、本開示の意味において「プロテーゼ」又は「心臓弁プロテーゼ」と称されてもよい。
プロテーゼの配備及び位置決めのためのアクチュエータを介した遠位端における1つのスリーブ又はシースの操作は有利であり得、且つ/又は配備手順を簡略化し得る。いくつかの態様は、プロテーゼが装着されたカテーテル部品のうちの可動部品の全ての移動が基本的に一方向において行われる、という利点も有してもよい。これは、プロテーゼの第2の端(101)と接続されたステントホルダー(15)にも当てはまってもよい。したがって前記手順はカテーテルの操作者にとって簡略化され得ると共に、プロテーゼの配備は、標的部位における間違った又は最適といえない配備及び位置決めについて、より低いリスクを示し得る。
いくつかの態様では、一方向における移動によってプロテーゼ解放工程が行われることが特に有利な場合があり、これにより、例えば配備手順の間にカテーテルがより容易に標的部位に保持され得るため、標的部位におけるより良好な制御性及びより正確な位置決めがもたらされ得る。
本明細書中のいくつかの例示的カテーテルの設計、及び前記カテーテルの部品(1又は複数)であってその上にプロテーゼが装着される部品(1又は複数)の設計は、経大腿動脈的(TF)用途において特に有利な場合がある。本明細書中の任意の例による、プロテーゼを運ぶカテーテルカプセルの設計は、本明細書中に記載する特定のスリーブ及びシャフトを操作し作動させるための工学的特徴を含む任意のハンドル設計と組み合わされて、プロテーゼの配備のために使用されてもよいということに留意されたい。前記ハンドルは、標的部位においてプロテーゼを正確に配備及び位置決めするため及び制御されたやり方でプロテーゼを解放するために、カプセル部品を順次的に作動させる、1つ又はいくつかの作動部品又は作動特徴を備えるか又は含んでもよい。本開示の意味における「カプセル」は、プロテーゼ又はステントを制御されたやり方で装着、解放、及び配備することに関連する全ての構成要素を含んでもよい。
当業者は、カテーテル及び配備システムにおいて通常適用される材料が、本開示による任意の実施形態においても使用されてもよいということを理解するであろう。例えば、本開示の1又は複数の実施形態によるカテーテルシステムでは、導入器シースが使用されてもよく、前記導入器シースは可撓性であってもよく、且つ/又は、可撓性ポリマー、親水性コーティング、PTFEライナー、コイル補強材、及び/若しくはブレード補強材を含んでもよい。
本開示によるカテーテルシステムの少なくとも1つの実施形態では、送達手段と操向手段とが解放可能に接続可能である。
導入される部品は、当技術分野において周知の且つ医療分野において通常適用される材料から作られたガイドワイヤによって案内されてもよい。経大腿動脈的使用のための通常のポートが適用されてもよい。
患者の脈管構造の通過を容易にするために、カテーテル装置の先端が軟質又は半硬質であり(例えば軟質材料又は半硬質材料で作られており)且つ/又は前記カテーテル装置の前記先端が屈曲可能である(例えば屈曲可能な材料で作られている)場合、本開示のいくつかの態様にとって有利であり得る。周知の材料がそのような可撓性先端のために使用されてもよい。
前記カテーテル及びその様々なセクションは、カテーテル設計の技術分野において周知の適切な材料で作られていてもよい。前記材料としては、例えば、ニチノール、スチール、ポリマー、ゴム、及び/又はテフロン(登録商標)が含まれてもよく、カテーテル部品の機能によって前記材料は相応に選択されてもよい。
一態様では、本開示は、第1の保持スリーブと第2の保持スリーブとカテーテルシャフトとステントホルダーとを含む、ステント又はプロテーゼの順次的配備のためのカテーテルシステムに関し、前記第1のスリーブは前記カテーテルシャフトに対して軸方向に移動可能であり、前記第2のスリーブは前記カテーテルシャフトに軸方向で固定されており、前記ステントホルダーは前記カテーテルシャフトに対して軸方向に移動可能である。
別の態様では、本開示は、ステント又はプロテーゼの順次的配備のための方法に関し、ここで、カテーテルの第1のスリーブ(11)が移動され、続いてステントホルダー(15)が移動され、前記ステント又はプロテーゼの解放及び方向付けられた配備がもたらされる。
さらに別の態様では、本開示は、弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セグメントと前記送達システムの近位セグメントとを含む、心臓弁を修復するためのシステムに関し、前記弁プロテーゼは前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントによって少なくとも部分的に保持され、前記弁プロテーゼと前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントとは輸送のために液体中に一緒に保管され、前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントは輸送のために乾燥して保管され、前記システムは、前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントを前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントに接続する手段を含む。
さらに別の態様では、本開示は、弁プロテーゼの1又は複数の構成と、送達システムの遠位セグメントの1又は複数の構成と、前記送達システムの近位セグメントの1つの構成とを含む、心臓弁を修復するためのシステムに関し、前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントの前記1つの構成は、それが前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントの前記1又は複数の構成に接続するように、且つ前記弁プロテーゼの1又は複数の構成を配備できるように構成される。
さらに別の態様では、本開示は、心臓弁を修復するためのシステムを使用のために準備する方法に関し、前記システムは、弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セグメントと前記送達システムの近位セグメントとを含み、前記方法は、前記弁プロテーゼを前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントと係合させる第1の工程、及び前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントを前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントに接続する第2の工程を含む。
さらに別の態様では、本開示は、心臓弁を修復するためのシステムを使用のために準備する方法に関し、
前記システムは、弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セグメントと前記送達システムの近位セグメントとを含み、前記方法は、
前記弁プロテーゼを前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントと係合させる第1の工程、
前記送達システムの遠位端を前記弁プロテーゼと一緒に減菌する第2の工程、
前記送達システムの近位端を前記送達システムの前記遠位端及び前記弁プロテーゼとは別個に減菌する第3の工程、
前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントを前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントに接続する第4の工程、
を含む。
本開示の一態様では、径方向に圧潰可能且つ拡張可能なステントセグメントと、軸方向に配向された支持ストラットとから成る弁プロテーゼの配置が考慮される。前記支持ストラットは、病変した大動脈弁の天然のカスプ(native cusps)と係合する。そのような弁プロテーゼの実施形態は、国際公開第2011/147849号パンフレットにおいて開示されている。天然の弁内に配置された場合、前記拡張可能なステントセグメントは径方向における第1の固定力を生成する。前記支持ストラットは軸方向における第2の固定力を生成する。そのような弁プロテーゼを移植位置に配置することは、第1に前記支持ストラットを天然の弁のカスプと係合させること、第2に前記拡張可能なステントセグメントを天然の弁輪内で拡張させること、及び最後に前記プロテーゼの残りの部分を送達カテーテルから解放すること、を含んでもよい。図は本開示の例示的実施形態を示すものであり、限定するものと理解されるべきではない。各図において開示される任意の態様又は特徴は、本開示において説明され示される全ての図の、全ての及び任意の他の態様又は特徴と組み合わせ可能であると理解される。
図1は、カテーテルの第1の例示的実施形態の断面側面図を示す。前記カテーテルは、ノーズコーン(10)とノーズコーン(10)に接続された第1のスリーブ(11)とを含む。ノーズコーン(10)は第1のシャフト(12)にも接続されている。第1のシャフト(12)は第2のカテーテルシャフト(14)内で摺動する。フロントストップ(13)が第2のカテーテルシャフト(14)の第1の端に装着されている。バックコーン(17)が第2のシャフト(14)上に装着されており、第2のスリーブ(16)がバックコーン(17)に接続されている。ステントホルダー(15)が第2のシャフト(14)上に位置している。ステントホルダー(15)は第2のシャフト(14)に沿って自由に摺動可能である。バックコーン(17)は第2のシャフト(14)にしっかりと接続されている。第2のスリーブ(16)はバックコーン(17)に接続されている。
図2は、図1のカテーテルによって送達可能なステントの一例を示す。ステント(100)は、第1の端(102)と第2の端(101)とから成る。第2の端(101)は、前記ステントを前記送達システムに固定するためのアイレット(104a〜104c)を含んでもよい。ステント(100)は生体人工弁(103)を含む。ステント(100)の第1の端(102)は心膜組織(105)によって覆われている。ステントの多くの可能な実施形態が存在し、本開示は図示されているもの以外のタイプのステント及びステント設計を含むということが理解される。前記ステントはベアステントであってもよく、カバードステントであってもよく、大動脈弁、僧帽弁、三尖弁、肺動脈弁、又は静脈弁の置換のための人工弁を含んでもよい。前記ステントは編組であってもよい。前記ステントは金属チューブから切り取られたものであってもよい。前記ステントは自己拡張式であってもよい。前記ステントは能動的に拡張されるものであってもよい。
図3は、図1のカテーテル内に装着されたステント(100)を示す。前記ステントの第1の端(102)は第1のスリーブ(11)によって保持されている。前記ステントの第2の端(101)は第2のスリーブ(16)によって保持されている。ステントホルダー(15)は前記ステントの第2の端(102)を支持している。ステント(100)は第2のスリーブ(16)とステントホルダー(15)との間に挟まれている。ステントホルダー(15)は、前記ステントのアイレット(図2の105a〜105c)と係合するための凹部を含んでもよい。前記カテーテルは標的血管(30)内に位置決めされる。第1のスリーブ(11)及び第2のスリーブ(16)は、図3に示すように、ステント(100)を部分的にのみ覆っていてもよい。第1のスリーブ(11)及び第2のスリーブ(16)は一緒に、ステント(100)を完全に覆っていてもよい。第1のスリーブ(11)は第2のスリーブ(16)と部分的に重なっていてもよい。
図4は、配備の第1の工程の間の、図1の送達カテーテルを示す。第1のシャフト(12)は遠位側に(前記カテーテルの先端の方に)進められて、ノーズコーン(10)及び第1のスリーブ(11)を遠位側に移動させる。フロントストップ(13)はステント(100)が遠位側に移動するのを防止する。結果として、第1のスリーブ(11)はステント(100)の前記第1の端を解放する。
図5は、配備の第1の工程の終わりにおける図1の送達カテーテルを示す。第1のスリーブ(11)は、ステント(102)の前記第1の端が第1のスリーブ(11)から完全に解放されるまで遠位側に進められる。ステント(102)の拘束されていない第1の端は拡張し、標的血管(30)の壁に接触する。前記ステントの第2の端(101)は、第2のスリーブ(16)及び前記ステントホルダーによって保持されている。
図6は、配備の第2の工程の開始を示す。ステントホルダー(15)は第2のシャフト(14)に沿って自由に摺動可能である。前記ステントの前記第1の端(102)が解放されたら、前記ステントの第2の端(101)がステントホルダー(15)と一緒に、第2のスリーブ(16)及び第2のシャフト(14)に対して遠位側に移動可能である。ステント(100)及びステントホルダー(16)の移動は、第2のシャフト(14)を近位側に引くことによって開始されてもよい。前記ステントの第1の端(102)は標的血管(30)の前記壁に対して固定されており、ステント(100)及びステントホルダー(16)が第2のシャフト(14)と共に移動することが防止される。ステント(100)及びステントホルダー(16)の第2のシャフト(14)に対する遠位側移動によって、前記ステントの第2の端(101)は第2の保持スリーブ(16)から解放される。図7は、前記カテーテルから完全に解放されたステント(100)を示す。
特定の状況では、ステント(100)を解放するために、近位側への第2のシャフト(14)の能動的な移動は必要とされない場合がある。ステント(100)の拡張力は、前記ステントの第2の端(101)及びステントホルダー(15)を第2のスリーブ(16)から引くために十分な可能性がある。さらに、標的血管(3)の壁は心周期と共に移動する場合がある。例えば、大動脈弁輪は一般に、心拍毎に軸方向に0.5mm〜2mm移動する。前記ステントの第1の端(102)は、第1の配備工程の完了後に前記弁輪に固定されたら、前記弁輪と共に移動する。この移動はそれだけで、又はステント(100)の前記拡張力と組み合わせて、前記ステントの第2の端(101)及びステントホルダー(15)を第2のスリーブ(16)から引くために十分な可能性がある。
図8は、送達カテーテルの別の例示的実施形態を示す。前記カテーテルは、ノーズコーン(20)とノーズコーン(20)に接続された第1のスリーブ(21)とを含む。ノーズコーン(20)は第1のシャフト(22)にも接続されている。第1のシャフト(22)は第2のカテーテルシャフト(25)内で摺動する。フロントストップ(23)が第2のカテーテルシャフト(25)の第1の端に装着されている。前記フロントストップは通路(24)を含む。バックコーン(27)が第2のシャフト(25)上に装着されており、第2のスリーブ(26)がバックコーン(27)に接続されている。ステントホルダー(28)が第2のシャフト(25)上に位置している。ステントホルダー(28)は第2のシャフト(25)に沿って自由に摺動可能である。ケーブル(29)がステントホルダー(28)をノーズコーン(20)に接続している。ケーブル(29)はフロントストップ(23)内の通路(24)を通過している。ケーブル(29)は、ステントホルダー(28)とノーズコーン(20)との間の距離よりも長い。バックマウント又はバックコーン(27)は第2のシャフト(25)にしっかりと接続されている。第2のスリーブ(26)はバックマウント(27)に接続されている。
図9は、第1の配備工程の完了後の、図8の送達カテーテルを示す。第1のシャフト(22)、ノーズコーン(20)、及び第1のスリーブ(21)は遠位側に進められており、それによりステントの第1の端(102)は解放されている。この構成では、ステントホルダー(28)とノーズコーン(20)との間の距離はケーブル(29)の長さとほぼ等しい。ケーブル(29)は完全に伸長されている。
図10は、第2の配備工程の完了後の、図8の送達カテーテルを示す。第1のシャフト(25)、ノーズコーン(20)、及び第1のスリーブ(21)は遠位側にさらに進められている。ケーブル(29)はステントホルダー(28)を遠位側に引いて第2のスリーブ(26)から出している。前記ステントの第2の端(101)は前記カテーテルから解放されている。ケーブル(29)が、前記第1のシャフトの単一の移動によるステント(100)の第1の端(102)及び第2の端(101)の順次的解放のための手段を提供している。ノーズコーン(20)と第1のスリーブ(21)と第1のシャフト(22)とから成るフロントアセンブリをステントホルダー(28)と接続するその他の手段が考慮されてもよく且つここで使用されてもよい。接続要素は、前記第1の配備工程の完了後に張力下に置かれた場合にステントホルダー(28)を遠位側に引く引張ばねであってもよい。前記接続要素は、ノーズコーン(20)に固定された、且つステントホルダー(28)内の経路を通過することが可能なロード(rode)であってもよい。前記経路を通過した前記ロードの端は、前記経路を通過できない拡大された端キャップを有する。前記フロントアセンブリによって前記ロードが遠位側に引かれるにつれて、前記端キャップは前記第1の配備工程の最後にステントホルダー(28)を捕らえ、前記第2の配備工程の間にステントホルダー(2)を遠位側に引く。
図11は、送達カテーテルのさらに別の例示的実施形態を示す。前記カテーテルは、ノーズコーン(30)とノーズコーン(30)に接続された第1のスリーブ(31)とを含む。ノーズコーン(30)は第1のシャフト(32)にも接続されている。第1のシャフト(32)は第2のカテーテルシャフト(35)内で摺動する。フロントストップ(33)が第2のカテーテルシャフト(35)の第1の端に装着されている。ステントホルダー(38)が第2のシャフト(35)上に位置している。ステントホルダー(38)は第2のシャフト(35)に沿って自由に摺動可能である。バックマウント(37)が第2のシャフト(35)にしっかりと接続されている。第2のスリーブ(36)がバックマウント(37)に接続されている。圧縮ばね(39)がステントホルダー(38)とバックマウント(37)との間で第2のシャフト(35)上に装着されている。ステント(100)は第1のスリーブ(31)及び第2のスリーブ(36)によって保持されている。
図12は、第1の配備工程の完了後且つ第2の配備工程の開始後の、図11のカテーテルを示す。第1のシャフト(32)、ノーズコーン(30)、及び第1のスリーブ(31)は遠位側に進められており、それにより前記ステントの第1の端(102)は解放されている。この構成では、ばね(39)がステントホルダー(38)を第2のスリーブ(36)から押し、次にこれにより前記ステントの第2の端(101)が前記カテーテルから解放される。
本明細書中で開示されるカテーテル又は送達システムは、上記の特徴のみによって、若しくは以下の特徴と組み合わせた上記の特徴によって特徴付けられてもよく、又は、以下の特徴のうちの任意のもののみによって、若しくはそれらの任意の組み合わせによって、若しくは上記の特徴と以下に記載する特徴のうちの任意のものとの組み合わせによって特徴付けられてもよい。
一般に、経カテーテル弁プロテーゼは、前記弁プロテーゼの弁尖(leaflets)を形成する動物組織を保存するために、液体溶液中で、前記送達システムとは別個に保管される。前記弁プロテーゼは、手術室において使用の直前に前記送達システム上に装填される。適切な装填を確実にするために、特別な装填ツールと的確な指示と操作者の訓練とが必要である。本開示の別の態様では、パッケージ化及び病院への輸送の前に、前記送達システム上に前記弁プロテーゼを予め装填することが考慮される。図13は、図3〜図7で説明した送達システム内にクリンピングされた弁プロテーゼの断面図を示す。前記送達システムの遠位端は、ノーズコーン(310)と、ノーズコーン(310)に接続された第1のスリーブ(311)と、ノーズコーン(312)に接続された第1のシャフト(312)と、バックコーン(317)に接続された第2のスリーブ(316)と、第1のシャフト(312)と同軸であり且つその外部にある第2のシャフト(318)であって前記バックコーンに接続された第2のシャフト(318)と、第2のシャフト(318)に接続されたフロントストップ(313)と、ステントホルダー(315)とを含むか又はそれらから成る。ステントホルダー(315)は第2のシャフト(318)に対して軸方向に移動可能である。前記第1のシャフトは第2のシャフト(318)内で軸方向に移動可能である。弁プロテーゼ(300)の近位端(302)は第1のスリーブ(311)によって保持されており、弁プロテーゼ(300)の遠位端(301)は前記第2のスリーブによって保持されている。弁プロテーゼ(300)の中央セクション(303)は拘束されておらず、クリンピングされた遠位端(301)及び近位端(302)より大きな直径を有する。弁プロテーゼ(300)の中央セクション(303)内に位置する組織弁尖(304)は、わずかに折り畳まれているがクリンピングはされていない。図14では、弁プロテーゼ(300)は患者内への挿入のために完全に圧潰されている。前記弁プロテーゼの中央セクション(303)は導入器シース(316)によって拘束されており、組織弁尖(304)は完全にクリンピングされている。
この開示では、図13に示す構成において前記弁プロテーゼを輸送及び保管することが企図される。手術室において使用前に操作者は導入器シース(316)を前記弁プロテーゼの中央セクション(303)上に摺動させて、患者内への挿入のためにシステムを準備する。前記弁プロテーゼを収容する前記送達システムの前記遠位端を、前記送達システムの残りの近位セクションから分離することがさらに企図される。前記弁プロテーゼは前記送達システムの前記遠位端上に予め装填され、1つのコンテナ内に保管される。前記送達システムの近位セグメントは第2のコンテナ内に保管される。使用前に前記送達システムの2つの構成要素は接続される。
図15は、予め装填された弁プロテーゼ(300)のための保管コンテナ(400)の一実施形態を示す。コンテナ(400)は、組織弁尖の減菌を維持し脱水を防止するための液体保管溶液を含むように設計されている。前記保管溶液は、グルタルアルデヒド、ホルムアルデヒド、アルコール、TWEEN、及び架橋された組織を保管するのに適したその他の化学薬品(1又は複数)を含んでもよい。前記組織は動物から採取されてもよい。前記組織は、動物の心膜、血管、心臓弁、又は腸から採取されてもよい。コンテナ(400)は遠位ホルダー(401)と近位ホルダー(402)とを含む。送達システム(410)の前記遠位端は、弁プロテーゼ(300)の近位セクション(302)と遠位セクション(301)とを保持する。蓋がコンテナ(400)を密封(403)シールする。
図16は、保管コンテナの代替の実施形態を示す。コンテナ(450)は遠位ホルダー(451)を含む。ロード(452)が遠位ホルダー(451)に接続されている。ロッド(452)は、送達システム(460)の遠位セグメントのガイドワイヤルーメン(461)を通過し、送達システム(460)の前記遠位セグメントをコンテナ(450)内で中心付ける。蓋(453)がコンテナ(450)を密封シールする。蓋(453)内の中心の凹部(454)が、ロッド(452)を安定させ且つ中心付ける。
図17は、前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(510)を前記送達システムの近位セグメント(520)に接続する例示的手段を示す。組み付けられた送達システムを完全に操作可能にするために、近位セグメント(520)の外側シャフト(521)は送達システムの遠位セグメント(510)の外側シャフト(511)に外側コネクタ(531)によって接続され、近位セグメント(520)の内側シャフト(522)は送達システムの遠位セグメント(510)の内側シャフト(512)に内側コネクタ(532)によって接続される。接続手段としては、以下に限定されないが、雄−雌ルアーコネクタ、雄−雌ねじ、近位シャフトと遠位シャフトとの間の締りプレス嵌め(interference press fit)、接着剤、磁石、バーブ(barbs)、クリップ、これらの組み合わせ、又は2つの管状セグメントを接続する任意のその他の好適な手段が含まれてもよい。
図18は、図8において先に説明した送達システムの一実施形態を示す。この実施形態では、ステントホルダー(601)は、ケーブル、ワイヤ、又はストリング(602)を用いて前記送達システムのノーズコーン(603)に接続されている。遠位送達システムセグメント(600)の内側シャフト(604)はノーズコーン(603)に接続されている。内側シャフト(604)を遠位側に進めることにより、順次的に、第1のスリーブ(605)が遠位側に移動されて弁プロテーゼの近位端が解放され、次にステントホルダー(601)が遠位側に移動されて前記弁プロテーゼの遠位端が第2のスリーブ(606)から解放される。前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(600)を前記送達システムの近位端(610)から操作するために、前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(600)の外側シャフト(607)は、前記送達システムの近位セグメント(610)の外側シャフト(611)に、第1のコネクタ(620)によって接続されている。前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(600)の内側シャフト(604)は、前記送達システムの近位セグメント(610)の内側シャフト(612)と軸方向で整列されているが、物理的に接続されてはいない。近位送達システム(610)の内側シャフト(612)を進めることにより、前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(600)の内側シャフト(604)も進められる。図18の実施形態の利点は、前記送達システムの前記近位セグメント及び前記遠位セグメントを組み付けるために、単一のコネクタのみが必要とされるということである。
図19及び図20は、2セグメント送達システムの別の実施形態を示す。この実施形態では、図19に示すように、ステントホルダー(701)は、ワイヤ又はストリング(702)を用いて前記送達システムのノーズコーン(703)に接続されている。前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(700)を前記送達システムの近位端(710)から操作するために、前記送達システムの遠位端(700)の外側シャフト(707)は、近位送達システム(710)の外側シャフト(711)に、第1の接続手段(720)によって接続されている。近位セグメント(710)の内側シャフト(712)は、前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(700)の外側シャフト(707)及びノーズコーン(703)を通過している。内側シャフト(712)の外径は、ノーズコーン(703)の近位端において内側シャフト(712)とノーズコーン(703)との間の物理的干渉を作るために、ノーズコーン(703)を通過するにつれて減少している。図20は、前記送達システムの遠位セグメント(700)と前記送達システムの近位端(710)との最終アセンブリを示す。前記ノーズコーンを内側シャフト(712)に固定するために、ノーズ先端(713)が内側シャフト(712)の遠位端に接続されている。図18の実施形態と同様に、前記送達システムの近位セグメント(710)の内側シャフト(712)を遠位側に進めることにより、ノーズコーン(703)、第1のスリーブ(705)が進められ、続いてステントホルダー(701)が進められる。
弁プロテーゼは、患者において見出される広範な弁の解剖学的構造に対処するために、いくつかのサイズで提供される。例えば、大動脈弁プロテーゼは19mm〜29mmの範囲の直径で提供されてもよい。様々なサイズの弁プロテーゼは、多くの場合、様々なサイズの送達システムを必要とする。例えば、より大きな直径の弁は、より大きな直径のスリーブを必要とする場合がある。多くの場合、弁プロテーゼの長さは直径と共に増加し、前記弁プロテーゼを保持するためにより長いポケット及びより長いスリーブが必要とされる。この開示のさらなる態様では、遠位送達システムの様々な構成に嵌合及び接続し得る、前記送達システムの近位セグメントの単一の構成が想定される。前記送達システムの遠位セグメントは弁プロテーゼと共に保管されるため、全ての弁サイズに対して、前記送達システムの単一の近位セグメントが使用され得る。これにより、病院において必要とされる送達システムの在庫が減少する。
例えば経皮的配備方法においてプロテーゼの配備手順を簡略化するために特に役立ち得る追加の特徴としては、以下のうちの1つ又はいくつかが含まれ得る。ばね荷重アイレットホルダー、ばね荷重ロンビスリーブ(spring loaded rombi sleeve)、カテーテルのハンドルにおける引張ばね、摺動ロック、ロケータスプレッド(locator spread)、カテーテルの引き抜きのための後退プロテクタ(retraction protector)、プッシュワイヤリリース及び/又は一体型シースを含んでもよい急速解放ステアリング、好ましくは予め装填されたやり方でプロテーゼを保持するカートリッジ。カテーテルは、上記の要素のそれぞれが装置内へのそれらの包含に応じて連携して機能するように設計されてもよい。
プロテーゼの配備は、上述の設計特徴の包含に応じて、以下の工程のうちの1又は複数によって特徴付けられてもよい。
最初に、プロテーゼは、特別に設計された装填装置を使用して、以下で説明するようにカテーテルのカプセル上に装填される。予め装填されたプロテーゼの場合、前記プロテーゼを運ぶユニットが、例えばクリック機構を介して前記カテーテルと連結される。それ以外の場合、前記プロテーゼは、例えば以下で説明するように前記カテーテル上に装填される。
前記プロテーゼを含む前記カテーテルは、患者の脈管構造内に導入され、心臓に向かって上方に押される。心臓に到達した後、前記プロテーゼを運ぶカテーテル部分は−大動脈心臓弁の場合−内因性大動脈心臓弁の近位になるように且つ実質的に中心になるように中心付けられる。この中心付けは、前記カテーテル内に含まれる操向機構を介して達成されてもよい。第1の工程において、前記プロテーゼは部分的に解放され、そして、前記プロテーゼが1又は複数のフィーラー又はロケータを有する場合、前記プロテーゼのこれらの部分が前記内因性弁のポケット内に押し込まれる。これにより、正しい位置における前記プロテーゼの正しい位置決めがサポートされる。その上、前記プロテーゼの交連(commissures)は、弁の内因性の対称性に類似した位置決めを達成するために、内因性の交連と整列されてもよい。次の工程において、先端ロック(安全クリップ)が装置から外され、遠位側に押される。前記プロテーゼを保持している前記カテーテルの近位部はこれによってやはり遠位側に移動され、これは、前記プロテーゼを運ぶ遠位部及び近位部(ストップ)を接続しているワイヤによって達成されてもよい。このようにして、シースによって所定の位置に保持された前記プロテーゼの近位部は、第2の工程において前記遠位部(ストップ)を押すことの結果として解放される。配備工程のこのシーケンスは、経大腿動脈的配備手順を説明するものである。
装置の経心尖的用途では、前記カテーテルの部品及び前記プロテーゼは180°異なる方向に配置される。
本明細書中で開示される一例示的装置では、プロテーゼが保持及び解放(配備)され、ここで前記装置は、第1の可動スリーブと、ストップ(クラウン又はプロテーゼ保持手段とも称される)と、静止している第2のスリーブとを有し、前記ストップは移動可能である。
前記プロテーゼの解放は解放ばねを介して達成され、前記解放は、前記解放ばねを作動させない解放によって始動される。周知の装置では、カテーテルスリーブを介して前記プロテーゼを運んでいるカテーテル部品への、ハンドルからの作動を介して前記プロテーゼは解放される。これは長距離の力の印加と、カテーテルシャフトが曲げられることとを意味していた。したがって、印加される力の伝達が問題となる。前記力が伝達され得ず、結果として前記プロテーゼが解放されずに詰まる場合さえ発生し得る。本開示のいくつかの態様による設計及び解放機構の利点は、解放手順がより直接的であり、そのような力がもはや必要とされないということであるだけでなく、解放手順がより信頼できるということでもある。
前記解放手順は「単一解放(single release)」機構と称されてもよい。そのような単一解放の利点は、問題となり得るシステム内の摩擦が回避されるということである。前記機構はより少ない可動部品を含み、したがって誤動作のリスクがより少ないことを意味している。開示されるシステムはより少ない工程を意味しており、したがって操作者がそれを使用するのに便利である。カテーテルシャフトはより少ない部品を含み、したがって前記システムはより柔軟且つより容易に脈管構造を通して操作され得る。部品数がより少ないことにより、必要とされる安全部品もより少なく、これにより手順は簡略化され得、且つ/又は成功率が上昇し得る。したがって操作者のミスが回避される。
前記カテーテルは、予備成形されていてもよく且つ操向可能であるように設計されていてもよいシースシステムと連結されてもよい。前記シースは親水性コーティングを有してもよい。外径は20F〜22F、好ましくは21Fであってもよく、内径は18F〜20F、好ましくは19Fのサイズを有してもよい。外側シースは、それを前記カテーテルと連結するための且つ前記プロテーゼの配備後に再び解放するためのクリック機構を有してもよい。
前記カテーテルは、前記プロテーゼが装填されるその遠位部において以下の特徴を含んでもよい。前記カテーテルは、可撓性先端、前記プロテーゼの遠位領域を保持するためのシールリングスリーブ、後退テーパ(retraction taper)、制御ワイヤ、前記プロテーゼのアイレットを保持するための開口部を好ましくは有する近位ステント保持手段、及びフェルールスリーブであってその一部が前記配備手順を作動及び操作するためのハンドルと接続された、フェルールスリーブ、を含んでもよい。
前記ハンドルは、プロテーゼ配備を作動させる解放機構であってガイドワイヤルアー(guidewire lure)を有する解放機構を含む。シールリング解放ばねが、配備のために前記ハンドルから外されてもよい先端ロックを用いて固定される。
装填されたプロテーゼを含む前記カテーテルは、遷移チューブを用いて外側シース内に導入されてもよく、そして脈管構造内に心臓まで導入されてもよい。
上述のカテーテル及び送達システムの使用により展開されるプロテーゼは、一般に周知の手段又は特別に適合された装置と、当技術分野において周知の方法とによって装填されてもよい。さらに、例示的な特別に設計された装填装置について以下に説明する。本明細書中で開示されるプロテーゼはまた、特に前記プロテーゼを保護する働きをする溶液を含む、以下で説明する特別な装置内で保管及び/又は輸送されてもよい。
別の態様では、本開示は、プロテーゼを患者の心臓内のその標的部位に配備するために有用な特定の解放機構に関する。
図21では、屈曲した様式にされた(bend stylized)プロテーゼが送達システムの遠位部上に装着されている。第1のスリーブ(21)が前記プロテーゼの遠位部を覆っており、第2のスリーブ(26)が前記プロテーゼの近位部を覆い且つ保持しており、バックマウント(27)及びノーズコーン(20)はそれぞれ近位及び遠位に位置している。プルワイヤ又はプルケーブル(29/29a)が近位ステントホルダー(28)と、参照番号(23)及び(24)によって示される遠位部とを接続している。ハンドル(200)が、ステントホルダー(28)を通過する第1のシャフト(22)を介してノーズコーン(20)と接続されている。プランジャー(201)が前記プロテーゼの解放を作動させる働きをする。
図22では、プランジャー(201)は遠位側に押され、それにより第1のスリーブ(21)が前記プロテーゼの遠位側を解放している。フロントストップ(23)は、フロントストップ及び示されている通路(24)のより近くに移動している。矢印は移動を示している。
図23では、プランジャー(201)は遠位方向にさらに押され、したがってノーズコーン(20)をさらに遠位側に移動させており、それによりステントホルダー(28)がケーブル(29/29a)によって遠位方向にさらに引かれている。バックマウント(27)に接続された第2のスリーブ(26)は静止したままであり、それにより前記プロテーゼの近位部は完全に解放されている。矢印は移動を示している。したがって、1つのアクチュエータを介して2工程の解放及び配備シーケンスが達成可能であり、前記シーケンスでは、1つのスリーブ(21)が移動され、第2のスリーブ(26)は静止したまま保たれ、ここで、前記カテーテルのフロント部が遠位側に移動されて前記プロテーゼの完全な解放をもたらす。
図24〜図26では、プロテーゼの解放及び配備は図21〜図23におけるものと同じシーケンスで、しかしプッシュ機構を介して行われる。
図24では、ハンドル(200)は、第1のシャフト(22)を移動させるプランジャー(201)を含む。シャフト(29/29b)が近位ステントホルダー(28)と接続されている。プロテーゼは、遠位の第1のスリーブ(21)と近位の第2のスリーブ(26)とを介してカプセル内に装着されている。ステントホルダー(28)は、前記ハンドルにストップまで接続されている。プランジャー(201)は第1のシャフト(22)を作動させることが可能であり、第1のシャフト(22)にはストップが前記ハンドル内で接続されており、この第1のシャフト(22)は前記ノーズコーン及び第1のスリーブ(21)にも接続されている。
図25では、矢印が配備及び解放手順の間の移動を示している。したがって、第1のスリーブ(22)に接続された部分が遠位側に押され、それにより、第1のスリーブ(21)を遠位側に押して前記プロテーゼの遠位部を解放することを介した、前記カテーテルの遠位部からの前記プロテーゼの解放が作動される。
図26では、プランジャー(201)は遠位側にさらに押され、したがって前記ストップ及びシャフト(29/29b)を遠位側に押し、したがってステントホルダー(28)を遠位側に押し、これにより、前記プロテーゼの近位部の解放と、前記カテーテルからのその解放と、完全な解放及び配備とがもたらされる。
したがって図21〜図23と図24〜図26とは同じ原理を表しており、この原理では、1つのアクチュエータが、前記アクチュエータ及び接続手段(29/29a及び29b)の遠位側移動を介して、ステント又はプロテーゼを保持しているカプセルの2つの部分を作動させることが可能である。
別の態様では、本開示は、カテーテルにおける特定の安全機能であって、装填されたプロテーゼをロックするための、及び前記カテーテルからの意図しない解放を防止するための安全機能に関する。
図27は、カテーテルからのプロテーゼの時期尚早の解放を、ロッキングクリップ(203)を介して回避するように設計された安全手段を示す。プロテーゼ(103)は、特に、ロッキングクリップ(203)によって到達可能であるように設計されたスリットによって特徴付けられるステントホルダー(15)上で、第2のスリーブ(26)によって保持されている。第1のスリーブ(21)はプロテーゼ(103)の遠位部を保持している。ロッキングスリーブ(202)が遠位側に押された場合、ロッキングクリップ(203)の開放とその径方向の移動とがもたらされる(図28を参照)。
図29は、ロッキングクリップ(203)の前記開放の後にのみ、第1のシャフト(22)の遠位側移動を介して遠位先端及び第1のスリーブ(21)が遠位側に押されることが可能であり、第1のシャフト(22)及び第1のスリーブ(21)の遠位側移動を介して前記プロテーゼの遠位部の開放がもたらされる、ということを示す。
図30は、第1のシャフト(22)のさらなる遠位側移動を示しており、これによりステントホルダー(15)は遠位側に移動され、第2のスリーブ(26)は前記プロテーゼの近位部をもはや覆わなくなり、その解放と、カテーテル先端カプセルからの完全な解放とがもたらされる。
別の態様では、本開示は、カテーテル上に経カテーテル心臓弁プロテーゼを装填するために特に有用な装填装置に関する。
図31〜図36は、患者への送達のためのカテーテルカプセル上に、又は輸送コンテナ内にプロテーゼを装填するための装填ツールを示す。
図31の装填部品は、回転力から生成される軸方向力を使用してアイレットが捕捉され得るように前記アイレットを圧潰することが意図されている。この装填部品はまた、回転力から生成される軸方向力を使用してシールリングが捕捉され得るように前記シールリングも圧潰する。
図32では一装填部品が示されており、この装填部品は、アイレットのクリンピングの間及びシールリングの押し出し(extrusion)の間に前記弁を支持するためのベースを提供するものである。
図33は、アイレットのクリンピング及びシールリングの押し出しの間にホイールのための軌道を提供する装填部品を示す。その上、この装填部品は、シールリングを圧潰するための輪郭を提供する。
図34は、互いに連結される2つの部品を示す。プロテーゼが一方の部品の底部上に配置され、第2の部品が、2つの部品の間の相互作用を介して前記プロテーゼのステントの頂部を圧潰する。これによりカテーテル上に装着されるプロテーゼが準備される。
図35は、部品であってそれらによってプロテーゼのアイレットが、前記ホイールが押し下げられコーンに沿って回転されるにつれて径方向でクリンピングされる、部品を示す。
図36は2つの部品の組み合わせを示し、これらの部品は連結されて前記プロテーゼが頂部の外側に突き出た状態で前記カテーテル上に装着される。このアセンブリは、スレッドを介してさらなる部品に変換され、ロンビ(rhombi)をクリンピングする。
図37は、前記ホイールがコアに対して押され前記コーンに沿って回転されるにつれて前記プロテーゼのシールリングが径方向にクリンピングされる工程を示す。
図38では、装填器(loader)とプロテーゼとが、好ましくは好適な液体内で一緒に保管されている。
10 ノーズコーン
11 第1のスリーブ
12 第1のシャフト/第1のカテーテルシャフト
13 フロントストップ
14 第2のカテーテルシャフト
15 ステントホルダー
16 第2のスリーブ
17 バックコーン
20 ノーズコーン
21 第1のスリーブ
22 第1のシャフト
23 フロントストップ
24 フロントストップ内の通路
25 カテーテルシャフト(第2のシャフト)
26 第2のスリーブ
27 バックマウント
28 ステントホルダー
29/29a ケーブル(プルワイヤ)
29/29b 押すためのシャフト
30 標的血管??? ノーズコーン???
31 第1のスリーブ
32 第1のシャフト
33 フロントストップ
35 第2のカテーテルシャフト
36 第2のスリーブ
37 バックマウント
38 ステントホルダー
39 ばね
100 ステント
101 ステントの第2の端
102 ステントの第1の端
103 生体人工弁(好ましくは心膜弁)
104a〜104c アイレット(好ましくはカテーテル内でステントを固定するための)
105 スカート
105a〜105c ステントのアイレット
200 ハンドル
201 プランジャー
202 ロッキングスリーブ
203 ロッキングクリップ
300 弁プロテーゼ
302 近位端
303 中央セクション
304 組織弁尖
310 ノーズコーン
311 第1のスリーブ
312 第1のシャフト
313 フロントストップ
315 ステントホルダー
316 第2のスリーブ
317 バックコーン
318 第2のシャフト
400 コンテナ
401 遠位ホルダー
402 近位ホルダー
403 蓋
450 コンテナ
451 遠位ホルダー
452 ロッド
460 送達システム
461 ガイドワイヤルーメン
510 遠位セグメント
511 外側シャフト
520 送達システム
521 外側シャフト
522 内側シャフト
531 外側コネクタ
532 内側コネクタ
601 ステントホルダー
602 ワイヤ又はストリング
603 ノーズコーン
604 内側シャフト
605 第1のスリーブ
606 第2のスリーブ
607 外側シャフト
610 近位端
611 外側シャフト
612 内側シャフト
700 送達システム
701 ステントホルダー
702 ワイヤ又はストリング
703 ノーズコーン
705 第1のスリーブ
707 外側シャフト
710 近位端
711 外側シャフト
712 内側シャフト
801 ホイール
802 コア
803 コーン

Claims (6)

  1. 第1の保持スリーブと第2の保持スリーブとカテーテルシャフトとステントホルダーとを含む、ステント又はプロテーゼの順次的配備のためのカテーテルシステムであって、
    − 前記第1のスリーブは前記カテーテルシャフトに対して軸方向に移動可能であり、
    − 前記第2のスリーブは前記カテーテルシャフトに軸方向で固定されており、
    − 前記ステントホルダーは前記カテーテルシャフトに対して軸方向に移動可能である、
    カテーテルシステム。
  2. ステント又はプロテーゼの順次的配備のための方法であって、カテーテルの第1のスリーブ(11)が移動され、続いてステントホルダー(15)が移動され、前記ステント又はプロテーゼの解放及び方向付けられた配備がもたらされる、方法。
  3. 弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セグメントと前記送達システムの近位セグメントとを含む、心臓弁を修復するためのシステムであって、
    前記弁プロテーゼは前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントによって少なくとも部分的に保持され、
    前記弁プロテーゼと前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントとは輸送のために液体中に一緒に保管され、
    前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントは輸送のために乾燥して保管され、
    前記システムは、前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントを前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントに接続する手段を含む、
    システム。
  4. 弁プロテーゼの1又は複数の構成と、送達システムの遠位セグメントの1又は複数の構成と、前記送達システムの近位セグメントの1つの構成とを含む、心臓弁を修復するためのシステムであって、前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントの前記1つの構成は、前記近位セグメントの前記1つの構成が前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントの前記1又は複数の構成に接続するように、且つ前記弁プロテーゼの1又は複数の構成を展開できるように構成された、システム。
  5. 心臓弁を修復するためのシステムを使用のために準備する方法であって、前記システムは、弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セグメントと前記送達システムの近位セグメントとを含み、前記方法は、前記弁プロテーゼを前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントと係合させる第1の工程、及び前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントを前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントに接続する第2の工程を含む、方法。
  6. 心臓弁を修復するためのシステムを使用のために準備する方法であって、前記システムは、弁プロテーゼと送達システムの遠位セグメントと前記送達システムの近位セグメントとを含み、前記方法は、
    − 前記弁プロテーゼを前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントと係合させる第1の工程、
    − 前記送達システムの遠位端を前記弁プロテーゼと一緒に減菌する第2の工程、
    − 前記送達システムの近位端を前記送達システムの前記遠位端及び前記弁プロテーゼとは別個に減菌する第3の工程、
    − 前記送達システムの前記遠位セグメントを前記送達システムの前記近位セグメントに接続する第4の工程、
    を含む、方法。
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