CN102858275A - 用于假体心脏瓣膜的植入的输送系统以及方法 - Google Patents
用于假体心脏瓣膜的植入的输送系统以及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
- A61F2/2436—Deployment by retracting a sheath
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
- A61F2/2418—Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/9517—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts handle assemblies therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2002/9505—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having retaining means other than an outer sleeve, e.g. male-female connector between stent and instrument
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/962—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve
- A61F2/966—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
- A61F2002/9665—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts having an outer sleeve with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod with additional retaining means
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- Cardiology (AREA)
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract
一种用于将可植入带支架装置输送至体腔的输送系统(10),包括细长部件(13)、线材连接部件(16)以及多根捕获线材(14),该细长部件具有远侧梢端(12)和近端部分,线材连接部件定位在细长部件的远侧梢端和近端部分之间,而多根捕获线材从线材连接部件的远端延伸出。每根捕获线材包括远端,该远端具有下部和槽,且该下部可相对于上部在打开位置和闭合位置之间运动,而在上部和下部处于闭合位置时,槽由上部和下部限定。
Description
优先权要求
本申请要求2010年4月23日提交的、题为“DELIVERY SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS OF IMPLANTATION FOR PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES(用于假体心脏瓣膜的植入的输送系统和方法)”的美国临时专利申请第61/327,222号的权益,其全部内容以参见的方式纳入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及假体心脏瓣膜。更具体地,本发明涉及用于经皮植入假体心脏瓣膜的装置、方法和输送系统。
背景技术
病变的或者以其它方式有缺陷的心脏瓣膜可使用各种不同类型的心脏瓣膜手术来修复或置换。典型的心脏瓣膜手术包括在普通麻醉下进行的开放式心脏手术,在此过程中心脏停止且血流受心肺旁路机的控制。这种类型的瓣膜手术是高度侵入性的,并且会将病人暴露于多种潜在的严重风险中,诸如感染、中风、肾衰竭以及例如与心肺旁路机的使用相关的不利作用。
最近,日益感兴趣的是最小侵入性的心脏瓣膜的经皮置换。这种手术技术包含在病人皮肤内造成较小的开口,瓣膜组件进入该开口并插入身体内,并经由类似于导管的输送装置输送至心脏。这种技术经常对于诸如上述开放式心脏手术过程的侵入性较大的手术形式是较佳的。在肺动脉瓣置换的方面,由Tower等人提交的美国专利申请公开号2003/0199971 A1和2003/0199963 A1描述了一种牛颈静脉的带瓣膜段,其安装在可扩张支架内来用作置换肺动脉瓣。置换瓣膜安装在气囊导管上,并且经由脉管系统经皮输送至病变肺动脉瓣的位置,并通过气囊扩张,以使瓣膜小叶压缩抵靠于右心室流出管道,以锚定并密封该置换瓣膜。如以下文章中的描述:Bonhoeffer等人在Journal of the American College of Cardiology(美国人造体内器官学会志)2002;39:1664-1669发表的“Percutaneous Insertion of thePulmonary Valve(肺动脉瓣的经皮插入)”以及Bonhoeffer等人在Circulation(循环)2000;102:813-816发表的“Transcatheter Replacement of a BovineValve in Pulmonary Position(牛瓣膜在肺位置的经导管替换)”,植入肺动脉瓣可替换天然肺动脉瓣或者位于带瓣膜导管中的假体肺动脉瓣。
假体心脏瓣膜的各种类型和构造用于经皮瓣膜手术中以置换病变的天然人体心脏瓣膜。任何特定的假体心脏瓣膜的实际形状和构造在一定程度上取决于被置换的瓣膜(即,二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣或肺动脉瓣)。一般来说,假体心脏瓣膜的设计试图复制被置换瓣膜的功能,并因此将包括与生物假体或机械心脏瓣膜假体一起使用的瓣膜小叶状结构。换言之,置换瓣膜可包括带瓣膜的静脉段,该静脉段以某种方式安装于可扩张支架内以制成带支架的瓣膜。为了制备这种用于经皮植入的瓣膜,带支架的瓣膜起初可设置在已扩张或未褶缩状况下,然后褶缩或压缩在导管的气囊部周围,直至带支架的瓣膜尽可能接近导管的直径。
其它的经皮输送假体心脏瓣膜已被建议具有大体类似的构造,例如在由Bonhoeffer,P.等人在Circulation(循环),2002;102:813-816发表的″Transcatheter Implantation of a Bovine Valve in Pulmonary Position(牛瓣膜在肺位置的经导管植入)″以及由Cribier,A.等人在Circulation(循环),2002;106:3006-3008发表的″Percutaneous Transcatheter Implantation of an AorticValve Prosthesis for Calcific Aortic Stenosis(由于钙化主动脉狭窄而进行的主动脉瓣假体的经皮经导管植入)″中的描述,这些内容以参见的方式纳入本文。这些技术至少部分地依赖于扩张支承结构和天然组件之间的摩擦类型配合,以保持所输送假体的位置,然而这些支架也可变为响应于由支架和有时用于使支架扩张的气囊所提供的径向力而至少部分地嵌在周围组织中。因此,借助于这些类型的经导管技术,通常不必以传统方式将假体心脏瓣膜缝合至病人天然组织。类似地,在由Bonhoeffer,P.等人在J Am CollCardiol(美国心脏病学会杂志),2002;39:1664-1669的题为″PercutaneousInsertion of the Pulmonary Valve.(肺动脉瓣的经皮插入)″的文章中描述了生物瓣膜的经皮输送,该文章的内容在此以参见的方式纳入本文。将瓣膜缝合至事先置入瓣膜或不带有瓣膜的导管内或事先置入瓣膜内的可扩张支架。此外,次要瓣膜支架的径向扩张用于放置并保持置换瓣膜。
尽管经皮瓣膜置换技术和装置已有进步,但一直希望提供不同的输送系统的设计,这些输送系统能以侵入性最小和经皮的方式植入瓣膜。还始终希望一旦瓣膜已展开或局部展开就能重新定位瓣膜和/或使其缩回,以确保瓣膜最佳地放置于病人内。
发明内容
可用于本发明输送系统的置换心脏瓣膜各自包括支架或支承框架,而瓣膜结构可附连在该支架或支承框架内。用于本发明的输送系统和方法的支架包括宽范围的结构和特征,这些结构和特征能单独或者与本方面其它支架的特征结合使用以实现所需要的结果。具体地说,这些支架能提供多个不同的连接和/或锚定结构,这些结构有助于它们的经皮输送。许多支架结构可因此压缩至相对较小的直径,用以经皮输送至患者的心脏,然后可通过移除外部压缩力(例如,自扩张支架)或者通过施加外部径向力(例如,气囊可扩张支架)而扩张。本文所描述的输送系统所输送的装置也可用于输送支架、带瓣膜支架或诸如ASD(心房间隔缺损)封堵装置、VSD(室间隔缺损)封堵装置或PFD(卵圆孔未闭)封堵器之类的其它干预装置。
用于插入置换心脏瓣膜的本发明方法包括使用输送系统,这些输送系统能在它们的插入过程中将支架结构保持在它们被压缩的状态并且一旦支架结构处于期望的位置就允许或引起支架结构扩张。具体地说,根据本发明的植入支架的方法可包括使用具有多根线材的输送系统,每根线材包括远端,该远端具有用于捕获支架的冠顶或其它结构特征的槽。每个端部还可包括可动翼片或延伸部,该可动翼片或延伸部有助于将支架冠顶保持在槽内,以使得支架能从输送系统中积极地一致地释放,而不会产生可能由于其它输送系统会产生的不完全释放和/或粘附而导致的相关并发症。
本发明的输送系统和方法可包括这样的特征,即,允许在支架已从支架输送系统展开或者至少部分地展开之后取回支架,以移出支架或者将它们重新定位。本发明的方法可包括使用顺行或逆行方法来植入支架结构。此外,在本发明的许多输送方法中,支架结构可在活的有机体内转动以允许支架结构定位成期望的定向。
附图说明
借助于附图将进一步阐释本发明,其中在几个视图中,类似的结构用类似的附图标记表示,且其中:
图1是本发明的经导管支架或带支架瓣膜输送系统的示例实施例的远端部分的立体图;
图2是图1所示输送系统的捕获线材的侧视图,且该捕获线材的远端处于闭合位置;
图3是图2所示输送系统的捕获线材的另一侧视图,且该捕获线材的远端处于打开位置;
图4是将支架加载到本发明经导管输送系统的远端部分上的一个步骤的立体图,其中该支架还未与捕获线材确切地配合;
图5-7是将支架加载到图1所示输送系统的远端部分上的三个后续步骤的立体图,示出该支架与捕获线材确切地配合;
图8是本发明输送系统的立体图,使得该输送系统能构造成使支架完全捕获在套管内;
图9是邻近于输送系统捕获线材远端的支架一部分的放大正视图;
图10是能由本发明输送系统输送的带瓣膜支架类型的立体图;
图11-14是本发明输送系统的近端的正视图,示出将支架加载到输送系统上的过程的示例性的顺序步骤;
图15-17是邻近于支架线材的输送系统捕获线材的立体图;以及
图18是在支架从输送系统的捕获线材的远端释放时的支架一部分的放大正视图。
具体实施方式
如在此所提及的,本发明用在心脏瓣膜输送的各种装置和方法中的假体心脏瓣膜可包括各种不同的构造,诸如具有组织小叶的假体心脏瓣膜或具有聚合物、金属或组织设计的小叶的合成心脏瓣膜,并可为置换任何心脏瓣膜而专门构造。也就是说,虽然本文的大部分描述涉及主动脉瓣的置换,但本发明的假体心脏瓣膜一般也可用于置换天然二尖瓣、肺动脉瓣或三尖瓣,用作为静脉瓣,或者用于置换诸如在主动脉瓣或二尖瓣之类区域内的失效生物假体。此外,虽然本文的说明书的大部分涉及经导管瓣膜输送系统,但该输送系统可替代地用作经心尖输送系统。
用于本文所述的输送装置和方法的每个瓣膜可包括附连在支架内部区域内的小叶,例如图10所示类型的支架50,该支架包括在其内部开口内安装有三个小叶的瓣膜。该小叶构造是示例性的,应注意到,在本文的所示出的许多实施例中并未示出小叶,以更佳地示出本发明输送系统的结构。一般而言,用于本文所描述的支架包括支承结构,该支承结构包括相对于彼此设置的多个支撑件或线材部,以向心脏瓣膜提供期望的可压缩性和强度。虽然通常可使用多种不同的支架构造,但本文所描述的支架大体是管状的或圆柱形的支承结构,但直径和形状可沿着支架长度而改变。
瓣膜小叶能固定在其中一个支承结构的内部区域内,以提供带瓣膜支架。小叶可由多种材料制成,诸如自体同源组织、异种移植组织或本领域已知的合成物。小叶可设置成均质的生物瓣膜结构,诸如猪、牛、马瓣膜。替代地,小叶可彼此独立地设置(例如牛或马心包小叶)并随后组装至支架的支承结构。在另一替代方式中,支架结构和小叶可同时制造,诸如可使用例如在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的先进生物假体表面有限公司(Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces Ltd.(ABPS))生产的高强度纳米制造的NiTi膜来完成。支承结构一般构造成容纳三个小叶;然而,应理解的是,通过本发明的方法和输送系统输送的假体心脏瓣膜可包含多于或少于三个小叶。
一般而言,支承结构与一个或多个小叶的组合能呈现多种不同于那些所示出并描述的其它构造,包括任何已知的假体心脏瓣膜设计。在本发明的某些实施例中,具有小叶的支承结构可以是任何已知的扩张假体心脏瓣膜构造,不管是可扩张气囊、自扩张的还是未打开的气囊(例如在美国专利号3,671,979、4,056,854、4,994,077、5,332,402、5,370,685、5,397,351、5,554,185、5,855,601以及6,168,614中所进行描述的;在美国专利申请公开号2004/0034411中所进行描述的;Bonhoeffer P.等人在PediatricCardiology(小儿心脏病学),2002;39:1664-1669的″Percutaneous Insertion ofthe Pulmonary Valve(肺动脉瓣的经皮插入)″中描述的;Anderson H R等人在,EUR Heart J.(欧洲心脏期刊),1992;13:704-708的″TransluminalImplantation of Artificial Heart Valves″中描述的;Anderson,J.R.等人在EURHeart J.(欧洲心脏期刊),1990,11:(增刊)224a的″Transluminal CatheterImplantation of New Expandable Artificial Cardiac Valve(新可扩张人工心脏瓣膜的经内腔导管植入)″中描述的;Hilbert S.L.在J Thorac CardiovascularSurgery(胸腔与心血管外科学杂志),1989;94:419-29的″Evaluation ofExplanted Polyurethane Trileaflet Cardiac Valve Prosthesis(外植入的聚氨酯三小叶心脏瓣膜假体的评估)″中描述的;Block P C等人在The AmericanJournal of Cardiology(美国心脏病学杂志),62卷,10.1,1998的″Clinical andHemodyamic Follow-Up After Percutaneous Aortic Valvuloplasty in theElderly(对于老年人的经皮主动脉瓣成形术之后的临床和血液动力学跟踪)″中描述的;Boudjemline,Y.在Circulation(循环),2002;105:775-558的″StepsToward Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement(进行经皮主动脉瓣成形术的步骤)″中描述的;Bonhoeffer,P.在Circulation(循环),2000:102:813-816的″Transcatheter Implantation of a Bovine Valve in Pulmonary Position,aLamb Study(牛瓣膜在肺位置的经导管植入,羔羊研究)″中描述的;Boudjemline,Y.在EUR Heart J(欧洲心脏期刊),2002;23:1045-1049的″Percutaneous Implantation of a Valve in the Descending Aorta In Lambs(瓣膜在羔羊中的降主动脉中的经皮植入)″中描述的;Kulkinski,D.在ASAIO J(美国人造体内器官学会志),2004;50:364-68的″Future Horizons inSurgical Aortic Valve Replacement:Lessons Learned During the Early Stagesof Developing a Transluminal Implantation Technique(外科主动脉瓣替换术的未来水平:经内腔植入技术早期发展中的研究课题)″的杂志中描述的;所有这些内容都以参见的方式纳入本文)。
使用本发明的输送系统来进行支架的可选定向和定位可通过支架的自定向(例如通过支架的结构和事先植入支架或瓣膜结构之间的干涉)或者通过支架的人工定向来实现,且支架的人工定向使支架的结构与解剖结构或事先植入生物假体结构对准,这例如能通过使用荧光镜显像技术来实现。例如,当使用本发明的输送系统使支架与天然解剖结构对准时,它们应对准而使得不会堵塞冠动脉,并且天然二尖瓣或三尖瓣应相对于前方小叶和/或三角/接缝对准。
支架的支承结构可以是由诸如镍钛合金(例如,镍钛诺TM)之类的形状记忆材料制成的线材。借助于此种形状记忆材料,支承结构可诸如通过施加热量、能量等或者通过去除外力(例如,可以由可动套管提供的压缩力类型)从紧缩状态自扩张到扩张状态。这种支承结构能较佳地反复压缩和再扩张,而不会破坏支架的结构。在一个实施例中,该实施例的支架结构可从单件材料中(例如,激光切割)切割而得。在另一实施例中,支承结构可由多个不同的部件组装而成。对于这些类型的支架结构,可使用的输送系统的一个示例包括具有可缩回套管的导管,该套管覆盖支架直至支架被部署为止,在此位置,套管可缩回以允许支架扩张。
用于本发明输送系统的支架或支承结构可替代地包括一系列线材或线材段,它们构造成能够在施加或移除外部和/或内部力的情形下、从塌缩状态过渡到扩张状态。包括支承结构的线材可由金属或其它材料制成。此外,这些线材设置成使得支架或支承结构能折叠或压缩到紧缩构造,在此构造中内径大大地小于处于结构扩张状态下的内径。在塌缩状态下,此种具有附连瓣膜的支承结构能例如安装在诸如气囊导管之类的输送装置之上。支承结构构造成使得其能在希望时、例如通过使气囊导管扩张或者移除套管所提供的外力而改变至扩张状态。用于此种支架的输送系统应具有一定程度的转动能力和轴向定向能力,以将新的支架适当地定位在其期望位置处。
现参见附图,其中各部件在几个附图中标有相似的附图标记,且首先参见图1,示出输送系统10的一个实施例,该输送系统可用于将诸如带瓣膜支架之类的支架部署到患者体内的期望位置。该输送系统使得支架能加载并输送至所期望的位置,然后用于至少部分地展开支架,并且如果需要的话然后能可选地用于重新捕获支架并重新定位该支架。一般而言,输送系统10包括远侧梢端12和相对的近端,细长部件13从该远侧梢端12伸出,该近端包括许多用于输送系统的控制结构。远侧梢端12能提供一表面,套管能密封抵靠于该表面,并且该表面提供套筒制动功能,这将在下文进行描述。
输送系统10还包括多根捕获线材14,每根线材在其近端处或附近附连于线材连接部件16。线材连接部件16的外表面可将尺寸和形状设计成圆柱形的,以大体上与套管的内部尺寸和形状相匹配,使得该套管会在线材连接部件16上滑动,这将在下文进行更详细地描述。然而,应理解的是,线材连接部件16的外表面的尺寸和形状能进行不同地构造。
在所示的实施例中,捕获线材14沿径向型式彼此隔开,以从线材连接部件16的远端伸出,并且在一个特定的实施例中,输送系统10包括九根捕获线材14,这些捕获线材相对于线材连接部件16的远端彼此均匀地隔开(即,彼此以大约40度隔开)。此种实施例通常会用于具有九个冠顶或附连点的支架,使得捕获线材的数量与相对应支架的冠顶或附连点的数量相匹配。然而,应设想到,捕获线材14的数量也可不同于相对应支架的冠顶或附连点的数量,和/或捕获线材的数量可大于或小于九。还可设想到,捕获线材14彼此并非均匀地隔开,而是其中一些线材14比其它线材更接近相邻线材14,和/或这些线材14以相同或不同的距离与线材连接部件16的外表面隔开。也就是说,线材能相对于输送系统的纵向轴线位于相同的距离处,或者能可选地相对于输送系统的纵向轴线定位在参差不齐的距离处,以适应具有特定相对应构造的支架。在任何情形中,由线材连接部件16与延伸捕获线材14构成的组件能再附连于伸缩管18。伸缩管18能在其近端处附连于手柄(未示出)或者从手柄伸出。
每根捕获线材14至少部分地由套筒20(在图9中放大示出)所围绕,其中每个套筒20从套筒连接部件22的远端延伸出和/或能附连于该远端。如图所示,套筒连接部件22位于线材连接部件16远侧,其中这些部件16、22根据输送系统的部署状态而彼此以不同的距离隔开。套筒连接部件22的外表面可将尺寸和形状设计成圆柱形的,以大体上与套管的内部尺寸和形状相匹配,使得该套管会在套筒连接部件22上滑动,这将在下文进行更详细地描述。然而,应理解的是,套筒连接部件22的外表面的尺寸和形状能进行不同地构造。
套筒20相对于套筒连接部件22的远端的径向构造大体与捕获线材14相对于线材连接部件16的远端的径向构造相同。这些套筒20中的每个定位成将相对应的捕获线材14封闭或部分地封闭。此外,该实施例的每个套筒20可相对于其相应的捕获线材14轴向滑动。在一个实施例中,套筒20由柔性或半柔性的材料制成,使得套筒相对于捕获线材14的滑动不会改变任何捕获线材14所形成的形状。
输送系统10还包括套筒致动器,该套筒致动器从输送系统的近端延伸至远侧梢端12,而该远侧梢端附连于套筒连接部件22。远侧梢端12处的套筒致动器能由较小的管件构成,该较小的管件使得引导线连同在其远端处的扩张器梢端一起能通过该较小管件。套筒致动器能相对于延伸管18自由地运动,并且能在其近端处附加于致动机构(例如,传动螺杆、拇指滑动件等等),例如图11-14所示的致动器84。该致动机构例如能在输送系统10的近端处附连在手柄内,以远程地控制套筒20沿它们的近侧和远侧方向的轴向运动,例如在图11-14中示出。
图11示出本发明输送系统的近端,该输送系统大体包括手柄本体80以及套管致动器82和套筒致动器84,该手柄本体附连于延伸管18,套筒致动器82包括拇指锁定件86。在一个实施例中,套筒致动器84包括如图所示定位在螺纹杆92上的旋钮。在下文将更详细地描述输送系统的这些部件的操作的一个示例方法。
再次参见图1,输送系统10还包括套管24,该套管将尺寸设计成能够围绕套筒、捕获线材以及连接部件,且套筒和捕获线材附连于这些连接部件。套管24可经由诸如图11-14所示套管致动器82之类的致动机构而相对于远侧梢端12沿近侧和远侧方向轴向地运动。该致动器能位于输送系统的近端处或附近,以便于套管进行轴向运动。在一个实施例中,套管24的内表面可略大于远侧梢端12的近端,以使该套管能匹配并且完全封围装置远端处的各种支架输送部件。于是,套管24能有助于提供光滑表面,来将支架输送通过患者的脉管系统。
图2和3示出本发明输送系统、例如输送系统10的捕获线材14的一个实施例。捕获线材14较佳地是细长部件,该细长部件由诸如镍钛合金之类的形状记忆材料制成,并且具有构造成附连于支架框的远端30。图2示出该捕获线材14处于“闭合”构造,其中该捕获线材的远端30已切割或者以其它方式形成为多个部段或部件,例如可使用激光切割技术、EDM等等来执行。图3示出在已放置在成形结构或以其它方式操纵之后的捕获线材14,以提供特定的弯曲或弧形线材构造,例如图示的相对弧形的形状。线材14的远端30包括开口或槽32,该开口或槽定位在下部34和上部36之间。上部36能大体固定,以如图所示沿与线材14的纵向轴线相同的总方向延伸,但该上部也可构造成相对于线材14的轴线沿不同的方向(例如,弯曲或弧形)延伸。如图3所示,下部34可相对于上部36运动,以沿大体并不平行于线材14的纵向轴线和上部36的方向延伸。在图3中进一步示出,捕获线材14沿其长度弯曲或成角度,其中选择线材各部段相对于彼此的特定角度,来与具有特定构造的支架配合,例如下文相对于对可扩张支架进行捕获、输送以及部署的示例过程所进行解释的。
本文所示的捕获线材14的远端30的构造是一个示例线材实施例,其中应理解的是,远端30可与附图所示不同地构造,但同时保持在本发明的范围内。也就是说,远端可包括比附图所示大或小的槽或开口,或者具有与所示出的矩形槽形状不同的形状,例如圆形或波状的。在任何情形中,此种远端的构造不仅能理想地实现支架结构的可靠捕获,而且在需要的时候能相对容易地从输送系统中释放支架。因此,槽或开口在一个实施例中能至少略大于将要捕获的支架线材的外部尺寸和形状,以使上部和下部能将支架的线材冠顶完全封闭。然而,捕获线材14的端部中的槽或开口也可小于将要配合的支架的线材。
图4-8示出如上所述将支架50加载到输送系统10上的示例过程的多个顺序步骤,然而应理解的是,输送系统10能输送具有与这些附图所示构造不同构造的支架。在任何情形中,支架50包括一系列线材或者线材段,该一系列线材或线材段设置成使得它们能够如上所述从塌缩状态过渡至扩张状态,并且该支架较佳地是包括形状记忆材料的自扩张支架。如图4所示,输送系统10能通过首先将处于其扩张或半扩张状态中的支架50定位在输送系统10的远端处以及远侧梢端12之上,而准备好将支架50加载到其上。于是,输送系统的近端处的各部件能大体如图11所示定位,其中套管致动器82处于大体近侧位置(即,邻近于手柄本体80),而旋钮80沿着螺纹部段92朝近侧定位(即,相对靠近输送系统的近端并且与手柄本体80隔开)。在该位置中,支架50的近端大体定位成邻近于捕获线材14的远端,其中每根线材14的下部和上部34、36可相对于彼此运动,以允许通达下部和上部之间的开口或槽32。
接下来,如图15所示,支架50的单个冠顶定位在其中一个槽32内。具体地说,支架50的一个冠顶放置在一根线材14的下部和上部34、36之间。如图16所示,附加的捕获线材14能钩在支架50的冠顶上。该第二线材14能例如相对于第一线材14以大约160度定位,对于九个冠顶支架来说,该第一线材位于该支架的近似相对侧上。此种加载顺序是可选的,但能在支架加载过程中提供附加的稳定性。然后,在线材14的下部34相对于支架50的相对应冠顶定位的同时,能向内按压该第二线材14。线材14的向外弹性力用于将下部34的升起区域锁定到支架50的冠顶中。接下来,如图17所示,第三线材14能钩在支架50的另一冠顶上,该第三线材能选自并未附连于支架冠顶的剩余线材14的任何一根线材。第三线材14的附连意图进一步使支架50相对于线材的远端稳定。然后,如图5所示,剩余的捕获线材14能钩在剩余的支架冠顶上。
在图6中示出将支架50加载到输送系统10上的下一步骤,该步骤包括经由输送系统的近端处的机构使套筒20朝向捕获线材14的远端运动。具体地说,如图12所示,转动套筒致动器84的旋钮90,以使旋钮沿着螺纹部段92行进,由此使套筒20沿远侧方向行进。在套筒20运动至更靠近捕获线材14的远端30时,上部34和下部36会压向彼此并且压向定位在它们之间的支架线材。在该实施例中,细长部件13附连于套筒柱体22,该套筒柱体再附连于套筒致动器84的旋钮90。输送系统可构造成使得远侧梢端12在套筒20行进时不会运动。再次参见图6,套筒柱体22现在已与相邻的连接柱体16进一步隔开并且更靠近远侧梢端12。此种运动通过迫使线材14的下部和上部34、36靠在一起而使支架冠顶相对于捕获线材14的远端30锁定就位。
接下来,套管24沿远侧方向朝向远侧梢端12运动,以压缩支架结构并且围绕支架50和将支架附连于输送系统10的机构。这可通过如下方式来实现:如图13所示,按压拇指锁定件86,以使得套管致动器82能向前滑动。由于套管24附连于套管致动器82,致动器82的此种运动会致使套筒24产生朝向远侧梢端12的相对应运动,例如图7所示。套管24沿远侧方向的进一步运动会朝向输送系统的纵向轴线压缩捕获线材14,这会迫使这些线材抵抗它们的向外偏置或扩张而运动,例如附图所示和本文描述的。
图8示出在支架处于其完全加载状态中的输送系统10的一个示例位置,其中套管24一直运动至远侧梢端12,使得支架50和用于将支架附连于输送系统的部件都封围在套管24内。图14中示出套管致动器82相对于手柄本体的示例性的相对应位置,其中在套管84相对于远侧梢端12运动至其最远侧位置时,致动器82位于距离手柄本体80最远的距离处。
应理解的是,虽然本文所描述的捕获线材的远端结构大体示作与支架的端部冠顶配合,但远端结构也能附加地或替代地与中间支架冠顶或其它支架结构配合。
在支架50如图8所示加载到输送系统10上并且封围在套管24内之后,可将输送系统插入到患者体内所期望的支架部署位置(例如,天然主动脉瓣附近的区域)。为了在支架已适当地定位在患者体内之后将支架展开,可拉回套管24以露出支架50以及与支架50的冠顶配合的捕获线材14,如图18所示。具体地说,图18示出输送系统各部件、例如套筒20就在图9所示构造之前相对于支架50的位置。应注意到,在图18所示过程中的位点处,如果需要的话,能将支架(和瓣膜)拉回到套管中并且在患者体内重新定位。然而,一旦使用者满足于支架的位置,则可更进一步缩回套筒20,以使得线材14的远端打开,由此将支架50完全释放。也就是说,能通过使套筒柱体22相对于捕获线材14的端部沿近侧方向运动来缩回套筒20。将捕获线材14设计成在定位于所希望的部署位置时,由于上部36抵靠于脉管壁99,因而缩回套筒20会使得捕获线材14的下部34被拉离或脱离支架冠顶,由此从捕获线材14中释放支架,如图9所示。
这样,可考虑使支架50在其植入位置展开,使得输送系统能沿近侧方向运动,直到捕获线材14的远端30能脱离支架为止,如图19所示。如果需要的话,套管24然后能朝向输送系统10的远侧梢端12返回运动,以将线材连接部件封闭,这可有助于防止捕获线材14和患者的支架或周围组织产生不理想的干涉。然后,可从患者中移除输送系统10。
现已经参照本发明的至少一个实施例对本发明进行了描述。本文提到的任何专利或专利申请的内容全部以参见的方式纳入本文。给出前述详细说明和实施例的目的仅是为了清楚地理解本发明。不应从中理解为不必要的限制。对本领域的技术人员显然可对所述实施例进行多种改变而不偏离本发明的范围。因此,本发明的范围不应限于在此所述的结构,而是只由通过权利要求书的语言所描述的结构和那些结构的等同物来限定。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于将可植入带支架装置输送至体腔的输送系统,所述输送系统包括:
细长部件,所述细长部件包括远侧梢端和近端部分;
线材连接部件,所述线材连接部件定位在所述细长部件的远端梢端和近端部分之间;以及
多根捕获线材,所述多根捕获线材从所述线材连接部件的远端延伸出,其中每根捕获线材包括远端,所述远端具有下部和槽,且所述下部可相对于上部在打开位置和闭合位置之间运动,而在所述上部和下部处于所述闭合位置时,所述槽由所述上部和下部限定。
2.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述输送系统还包括多个套筒,每个套筒至少部分地围绕其中一根捕获线材。
3.如权利要求2所述的输送系统,其特征在于,每个套筒可沿着相对应捕获线材的长度的至少一部分滑动。
4.如权利要求3所述的输送系统,其特征在于,每个套筒是管状的并且包括内部开口,所述内部开口可定位成在所述上部和下部处于它们的闭合位置时围绕相对应捕获线材的远端。
5.如权利要求2所述的输送系统,其特征在于,还包括套筒连接部件,所述套筒连接部件定位在所述线材连接部件和所述细长部件的远侧梢端之间,其中每个套筒从所述线材连接部件的远端延伸出,并且所述套筒连接部件可轴向地平移,以使所述套筒相对于它们的相对应捕获线材轴向地运动。
6.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,还包括套管,所述套管可相对于所述细长部件的远侧梢端滑动,其中所述套管包括内部区域,用以围绕所述多根捕获线材以及所述线材连接部件。
7.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,每根捕获线材包括形状记忆材料。
8.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述多根捕获线材相对于所述线材连接部件的远端以径向型式彼此隔开。
9.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,每根捕获线材包括成形形状,以在处于非压缩状态时相对于所述细长部件的纵向轴线向外扩开。
10.如权利要求9所述的输送系统,其特征在于,还包括可滑动套管,所述可滑动套管具有内部区域,用以将所述线材朝向所述细长部件的纵向轴线压缩,并且至少部分地围绕所述多根捕获线材。
11.如权利要求2所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述细长部件的近端部分包括:
套管致动器,所述套管致动器用于对所述套管相对于所述细长部件的远侧梢端的可滑动运动进行控制;以及
套筒致动器,所述套筒致动器用于对所述多根套筒的可滑动运动进行控制。
12.如权利要求11所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述套筒致动器包括螺纹杆和旋钮,所述旋钮能沿着所述螺纹杆转动,以使所述多个套筒的每个相对于其相对应捕获线材的远端同时轴向运动。
13.如权利要求11所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述套管致动器包括锁定机构,所述锁定机构能释放以使得所述套管致动器能相对于所述细长部件的远侧梢端进行轴向运动。
14.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,每根捕获线材的上部、下部以及槽都使用激光切割技术形成。
15.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,每根捕获线材的上部和下部在不经受外部施加力时被彼此离开地偏置。
16.如权利要求1所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述输送系统结合可自扩张的带支架装置,所述带支架装置在移除外部施加的力时能从塌缩状态过渡至扩张状态。
17.如权利要求16所述的输送系统,其特征在于,所述带支架装置包括多个线材冠顶,其中每个冠顶能与其中一根捕获线材的远端配合。
所述多个套筒中的每个包括使所述套筒致动器轴向平移,其中使所述套管朝向和远离所述远侧梢端的步骤包括使所述套管致动器轴向平移。
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WO2011133792A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
US20110264191A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
US20170181853A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
EP2560589A1 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
EP2560589B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
EP3384879B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
EP3384879A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
US10813753B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
US9629719B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
US20210052383A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
US11712337B2 (en) | 2023-08-01 |
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