CN1234854C - 具有碱性α-淀粉酶活性的多肽以及编码该多肽的核酸 - Google Patents
具有碱性α-淀粉酶活性的多肽以及编码该多肽的核酸 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1234854C CN1234854C CNB008059489A CN00805948A CN1234854C CN 1234854 C CN1234854 C CN 1234854C CN B008059489 A CNB008059489 A CN B008059489A CN 00805948 A CN00805948 A CN 00805948A CN 1234854 C CN1234854 C CN 1234854C
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有α-淀粉酶活性的分离的多肽和编码该多肽的分离的核酸序列。本发明还涉及含有所述核酸序列的核酸构建体、载体和宿主细胞以及生产和应用所述多肽的方法。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及具有α-淀粉酶活性的分离的多肽以及编码该多肽的分离的核酸序列。并且,本发明涉及本发明的α-淀粉酶的变体。本发明还涉及含有所述核酸序列的核酸构建体、载体和宿主细胞以及生产和使用所述多肽的方法。并且,本发明还涉及用于洗衣、洗碗和/或坚硬表面清洁的组合物。
相关技术的描述
许多年来α-淀粉酶被用于各种不同的目的,其中最重要的是淀粉的液化、纺织品的退浆、造纸和纸浆业中淀粉的修饰,以及用于酿酒和焙烤面包。α-淀粉酶的另一个变得愈来愈重要的用途是在碱性PH下采用洗涤剂进行洗涤的过程中去除淀粉污染。
商业α-淀粉酶产品的实例是TermamylTM、DuramylTM、NatalaseTM、BANTM、和FungamylTM,全部从Novo Nordisk A/S,丹麦购得。从其它商业渠道获得的这些产品以及相似产品具有一个酸性至中性的PH最适值,通常在pH 5至pH 7.5的范围内,在碱性pH下的洗涤剂溶液中,它们没有显示出最佳活性。
WO 95/26397公开了来源于一株芽孢杆菌属菌株的α-淀粉酶。WO96/23873描述了洗涤条件下性能得到改善的芽孢杆菌淀粉酶的变体。
US 5147796描述了一种具有α-淀粉酶活性的碱性支链淀粉酶。文件中的图2b显示了pH8-8.5下的最佳淀粉酶活性。
M.Takagi等,发酵生物工程杂志(J.Ferment.Bioeng.),81卷,第6期,557-559(1996)描述了一种源自于芽孢杆菌属的嗜碱性α-淀粉酶-支链淀粉酶。该酶在pH 9时具有最佳淀粉酶活性,但是在较高的pH下活性迅速下降,在pH 10时的活性比在pH 7时的活性低。
WO 97/00324(KAO)公开了编码一种源自于保藏号为FERM BP-3048的芽孢杆菌属菌株KSM-AP1378且适用于洗涤剂的碱性液化α-淀粉酶的基因。
Tsukamoto等,(1988),生物化学及生物物理学研究通讯(Biochem.BiopHys.Res Commun.)151,25-33页公开了一种源自于芽孢杆菌#707的碱性α-淀粉酶。
本发明的一个目的是提供性能改变的,特别是在碱性溶液中,尤其是在pH约为9-11的碱性洗涤剂溶液中性能改善的新型α-淀粉酶。
发明概述
本发明涉及具有α-淀粉酶活性和选自于下组的一种或多种特性或性能的分离的多肽:
(a)一种含有与SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的1至485位氨基酸至少具有96%同一性的氨基酸序列的多肽;
(b)一种由核酸序列编码的多肽,在中等严谨条件下该核酸序列与(i)SEQID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列,(ii)SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的cDNA序列,(iii)(i)或(ii)的至少100个核苷酸的亚序列,或(iv)(i)、(ii)或(iii)的互补链杂交;
(c)(a)或(b)的等位变体;
(d)(a)、(b)或(c)的具有α-淀粉酶活性的片段;
(e)一种具有采用Phadebas方法(37℃)测定的在pH 8至9范围内的最适pH值的多肽;
(f)一种具有采用Phadebas方法(pH 9.0)测定的在55至65℃范围内的最适温度的多肽;
(g)一种具有7-8之间的pI的多肽,所述pI是通过等电聚焦(Pharmacia,Ampholine,pH 3.5-9.3)测定的;和
(i)一种在pH 9-11范围内洗涤和/或洗碗性能得到改进的多肽。
应该理解本发明的α-淀粉酶可以具有一个或多个上述特征。
并且,本发明涉及本发明的α-淀粉酶的变体。本发明还涉及编码所述多肽的分离的核酸序列并涉及含有所述核酸序列的核酸构建体、载体和宿主细胞以及生产和使用所述多肽的方法。
附图的主要描述
图1表示几种芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的对比排列。
图2表示AA560α-淀粉酶与SP722和SP690α-淀粉酶的pH变化图谱的比较。pH变化图谱是在37℃下测定的。活性以Abs650/mg酶的绝对值表示。
图3表示AA560α-淀粉酶与SP722和SP690α-淀粉酶的温度变化图谱的比较。温度变化图谱表示为Abs650/mg酶。
图4表示AP型洗涤剂97中的AA560α-淀粉酶分别与SP722和SP690和Termamyl的洗涤性能的比较。
图5表示Omo Multi Acao中的AA560α-淀粉酶分别与SP722和SP690和Termamyl的洗涤性能的比较。
图6表示浓缩Omo(Omo Concentrated)中的AA560α-淀粉酶分别与SP722和SP690和Termamyl的洗涤性能的比较。
图7表示Ariel Futur液体中的AA560α-淀粉酶分别与SP722和SP690和Termamyl的洗涤性能的比较。
发明详述
微生物的来源
本发明的碱性α-淀粉酶可以得自于芽孢杆菌属的菌株。优选的菌株是芽孢杆菌DSM12649(AA560α-淀粉酶)或芽孢杆菌DSM12648(AA349α-淀粉酶)。根据国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保藏布达佩斯条约的规定,发明人于1999年1月25日将这些菌株保藏在德意志微生物和细胞培养物保藏中心(DSMZ),Mascheroder Weg 1b,D-38124Braunschweig DE。
分别含有克隆在质粒pLiH1274和pTVB299中的α-淀粉酶基因并分别命名为NN049467和NN049470的两株大肠杆菌菌株同理也于1999年4月7日被保藏在德意志微生物和培养物保藏中心(DSMZ),Mascheroder Weg 1b,D-38124Braunschweig DE,保藏号分别为DSM12761和DSM12764。
具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽
α-淀粉酶(α-1,4葡聚糖-4-葡聚糖水解酶,EC3.2.1.1)构成一组酶,其催化淀粉和其它线性和支链1,4-糖苷寡-和多糖的水解。为了实现本发明目的,采用下面“材料和方法”部分中描述的Phadebas分析方法或pNPG7分析方法测定α-淀粉酶的活性。
酶的同源性
在第一个实施方案中,本发明涉及分离的多肽,该多肽具有与SEQ IDNO:2或SEQ ID NO:4(即,成熟多肽)的第1至485位氨基酸至少有约96%、优选至少约97%、更优选至少约98%、甚至更优选至少约99%同源性的氨基酸序列,且该多肽具有α-淀粉酶的活性(下文称作“同源多肽”)。在优选的实施方案中,同源多肽的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的1至485位氨基酸有5个氨基酸,优选有4个氨基酸,更优选有3个氨基酸,甚至更优选有2个氨基酸和最优选有1个氨基酸的不同。值得注意的是SEQID NO:2和SEQ ID NO:4是相同的。然而,分别编码以SEQ ID NO:2和SEQID NO:4表示的本发明α-淀粉酶的DNA序列,即SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ IDNO:3是不同的。
氨基酸序列同源性可以由表示第二个序列与第一个序列差异的两序列间同源程度确定。同源性可通过现有技术中已知的计算机程序来适当地测定。因此,利用默认值的设置,GCG版本8中提供的GAP(Needleman,S.B.和Wunsch,C.D.,(1970),分子生物学杂志,48,443-453)可被用于序列的成对(pairwise)对比排列和相同程度或同源程度的计算。可以按照下列参数进行间距(gap)的设置:5.0的间距(gap)创建罚值(penalty)和0.3的间距(gap)延伸罚值(penalty)。
与已知芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的同源性
对已知序列的同源性检索显示本发明的序列与几种芽孢杆菌淀粉酶在如上测定的氨基酸水平上具有65-95%的同源性。
特别是,发现同源性最高的α-淀粉酶是SP690(具有约87%同源性的美国专利5856164的SEQ ID NO:1),SP722(具有约87%同源性的美国专利5856164的SEQ ID NO:2),如WO97/00324的SEQ ID NO:2所公开的从芽孢杆菌KSM-AP1378中获得的、同源性约是86%的α-淀粉酶的成熟部分(即,第31-516个氨基酸),和Tsukamoto等(1988),生物化学及生物物理学研究通讯151,25-33页中所公开的α-淀粉酶(按照图1的对比排列所显示的序列“707amy”),该α-淀粉酶与上述测定的SEQ ID NO:2和SEQ ID NO:4具有约95%的同源性。
优选,本发明的多肽含有SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列或其等位突变体;或其具有α-淀粉酶活性的片段。SEQ ID NO:2和SEQ IDNO:4表示本发明碱性α-淀粉酶的成熟部分。
SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的片段是从这一氨基酸序列的氨基和/或羧基端缺失了一个或多个氨基酸的多肽。
等位变体表示占据相同染色体基因座的一个基因的任何两个或多个可替换形式。等位变体通过突变自然产生,并且可以导致种群内部的多样性。基因突变可能是沉默的(编码的多肽没有发生变化)或可以编码氨基酸序列改变的多肽。多肽的等位变体是由基因等位变体编码的多肽。
通过插入或缺失一个或多个氨基酸残基和/或被不同的氨基酸残基置换了一个或多个氨基酸残基,同源多肽的氨基酸序列可能与SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列有区别。优选,氨基酸的改变是次要性质的改变,即不会明显影响蛋白质的折迭和/或活性的保守氨基酸的置换;小的缺失,通常一个至约30个氨基酸的缺失;小的氨基-或羧基-端延伸,如氨基-端的甲硫氨酸残基;一种高达约20-25个残基的小连接体肽;或通过改变净电荷或其它性能而便于纯化的小延伸,如聚-组氨酸序列段,抗原表位或结合结构域。
保守置换的实例是在碱性氨基酸(精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸)、酸性氨基酸(谷氨酸和天冬氨酸)、极性氨基酸(谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺)、疏水性氨基酸(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸)、芳香族氨基酸(苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸)和小氨基酸(甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸和甲硫氨酸)的组内。通常不会改变比活性的氨基酸置换在现有技术中是已知的并且例如在H.Neurath和R.L.Hill所著的《蛋白质》,1977,纽约,学院出版社(Academic Press)中描述过。最经常发生的交换是Ala/Ser、Val/Ile、Asp/Glu、Thr/Ser、Ala/Gly、Ala/Thr、Ser/Asn、Ala/Val、Ser/Gly、Tyr/Phe、Ala/Pro、Lys/Arg、Asp/Asn、Leu/Ile、Leu/Val、Ala/Glu和Asp/Gly以及这些的反向交换。
在第二个实施方案中,本发明涉及由核酸序列编码的具有α-淀粉酶活性的分离的多肽,该核酸序列在中等严谨条件下,优选在中等偏高严谨条件下,更优选在高等严谨条件下,和最优选在非常高的严谨条件下与在同样条件下与(i)SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列,(ii)SEQ ID NO:1或SEQID NO:3的cDNA序列,(iii)(i)或(ii)的亚序列,或(iv)(i)、(ii)或(iii)的互补链杂交的核酸序列杂交(J.Sambrook,E.F.Fritsch,和T.Maniatus.1989,分子克隆,实验室手册,第二版,冷泉港,纽约)。SEQ ID NO:1的亚序列至少是100个核苷酸或优选至少是200个核苷酸。此外,亚序列可以编码具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽片段。所述多肽还可以是具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽的等位突变体或片段。
SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列或其亚序列,以及SEQ IDNO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列或其片段可被用于设计核酸探针以便按照本领域已知方法从不同属或种的菌株中鉴定和克隆编码具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽的DNA。具体地,这种探针可用于按照标准DNA印迹方法,与目的属或种的基因组或cDNA杂交以鉴定并分离其中的相应基因。这种探针可能比全序列短得多,但是至少应该是15个,优选至少25个,更优选至少35个核苷酸的长度。也可以使用较长的探针。DNA和RNA探针都能使用。为了检测相应的基因,通常对探针进行标记(例如,采用32P、3H、35S、生物素或抗生素蛋白)。这些探针包括在本发明中。
因此,可筛选由其它这类生物得到的基因组DNA或cDNA文库中与上述探针杂交并编码具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽的DNA。由其它这类生物得到的基因组或其它DNA可通过琼脂糖或聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳或其它分离技术分离。来源于所述文库中的DNA或分离的DNA可被转移到和固定在硝酸纤维素膜或其它合适的载体材料上。为了鉴定与SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3或其亚序列同源的克隆或DNA,在DNA印迹当中使用了所述载体材料。
为了实现本发明的目的,杂交指在中等至非常高的严谨条件下核酸序列与对应于由SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3表示的核酸序列、其互补链或其亚序列的核酸探针进行杂交。在这些条件下与核酸探针杂交的分子采用X-射线膜检测。
在另一个优选实施方案中,核酸探针是含在质粒pLiH1274(AA349)或pTVB299(AA560)中的核酸序列(这两种质粒分别含在大肠杆菌DSM12761或大肠杆菌DSM12764中),或者,其中所述核酸序列编码本发明的具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽并分别由SEQ ID NO:2和SEQ ID NO:4表示。
对于至少100个核苷酸长度的长探针,中等至非常高的严谨条件指按照标准的DNA印迹方法,预杂交和杂交为42℃,5X SSPE、0.3%SDS、200μg/ml剪切的变性鲑精DNA、35%甲酰胺(用于中等和中-高等的严谨条件)或50%甲酰胺(用于高和非常高的严谨条件)。
对于至少100个核苷酸长度的长探针,最终在至少55℃(中等严谨条件),优选至少60℃(中-高等严谨条件),更优选至少65℃(高等严谨条件),和最优选至少70℃(非常高等严谨条件)下,用2×SSC、0.2%SDS将载体材料洗涤三次,每次15分钟。
对于约15个核苷酸至约70个核苷酸长度的短探针,严谨条件指按照标准的DNA印迹方法,在比采用Bolton和McCarthy(1962,美国国家科学院院报48:1390)的计算所得的Tm低5℃至10℃下采用0.9M NaCl、0.09MTris-HCl pH7.6、6Mm EDTA、0.5%NP-40、1X Denhardt溶液、1mM焦磷酸钠、1mM磷酸二氢钠(sodium monobasic phosphate)、0.1mM ATP和0.2mg/ml的酵母RNA进行的预杂交、杂交和杂交后的漂洗。
对于约15个核苷酸至70个核苷酸长度的短探针,在低于计算的Tm 5℃至10℃下用6X SSC加0.1%SDS将载体材料洗涤一次,15分钟,并用6XSS将载体材料洗涤两次,每次15分钟。
在第三个实施方案中,本发明涉及分离的多肽,即由SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4表示,具有以下物理化学性质的多肽:
采用Phadebas方法(37℃)测定的最适pH(见图2)在pH8至9的范围内,更精确地是约8.5。
采用Phadebas方法(pH9.0)测定的最适温度(见图3)在55至65℃的范围内,更精确地是约60℃。
在7-8之间的pI(见实施例6中的表1)是通过等电聚焦(Pharmacia,Ampholine,pH3.5-9.3)测定的。
35,000NU/mg的比活性(见实施例6中的表1)是采用Phadebas方法测定的,6,000NU/mg是采用pNPG7方法测定的。
本发明的多肽具有至少20%,优选至少40%,更优选至少60%,甚至更优选至少80%,甚至更优选至少90%,最优选至少100%的由SEQ ID NO:2和SEQ ID NO:4表示的成熟多肽的α-淀粉酶活性。
本发明的多肽可以获自任何属的微生物。为了实现本发明的目的,本文与给定来源一起使用的术语“获自”意味着由核酸序列编码的多肽来自该来源或通过其中插入了该来源的核酸序列的细胞而生产。
本发明的多肽是细菌性多肽。例如所述多肽可以来自革兰氏阳性细菌如芽孢杆菌,例如嗜碱性芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、灿烂芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、或苏云金芽孢杆菌;或链霉菌属,例如浅青紫链霉菌或鼠灰链霉菌;或革兰氏阴性细菌,例如大肠杆菌或假单胞菌。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,多肽是芽孢杆菌的多肽,更优选的实施方案中该多肽是芽孢杆菌DSM12648或芽孢杆菌DSM 12649的多肽,例如,分别具有SEQ ID NO:2和SEQ ID NO:4所示氨基酸序列的多肽。
应该理解对于上述菌种,不管是哪种为人所知的菌种名称,本发明既包括完美状态又包括非理想状态以及其它分类学等同物,例如,无性型。本领域技术人员能迅速识别相应等同物的特性。
在一些培养物保藏机构,如美国典型培养物保藏机构(ATCC)、德意志微生物和细胞培养物保藏中心(DSM)、真菌菌种保藏中心(CBS)和农业研究机构保藏中心(NRRL),这些菌种的菌株能方便地提供给公众。
并且,这种多肽还可以通过使用上述探针从含有自自然界(例如,土壤、堆肥、水等)中分离的微生物的其它来源中鉴别和获得。从自然栖息地分离微生物的技术是本领域已知的。然后,通过以类似方法筛选另一微生物的基因组或cDNA文库可以得到所述核酸序列。一旦利用探针检测出编码多肽的核酸序列,就可以采用本领域技术人员已知的技术(例见,Sambrook等,1989,出处同上)分离或克隆该序列。
如本文所定义的,“分离的”多肽是基本上不含其它非α-淀粉酶多肽的多肽,例如,通过SDS-PAGE测定的至少约20%的纯度,优选至少约40%的纯度,更有选地约60%的纯度,甚至更优选约80%的纯度,最优选约90%的纯度以及甚至最优选约95%的纯度。
由本发明的核酸序列编码的多肽还包括融合多肽或可裂解的融合多肽,其中所述多肽或其片段的N-端或C-端融合了另一多肽。通过将编码另一多肽的核酸序列(或其一部分)融合到本发明的核酸序列(或其一部分)上来生产融合多肽。生产融合多肽的技术在本领域是已知的,并且包括连接多肽编码序列以便它们处于同一读框中,并使融合多肽的表达受控于相同的启动子和终止子。
术语“改进的洗涤性能”指在本发明的上下文中,在实施例8中描述的洗涤条件下测定的性能,该性能比其它用于洗涤的α-淀粉酶,例如SP690、SP722和Termamyl的性能高,或者是在本发明的突变型/变异型与亲代α-淀粉酶即未突变的,如未取代的α-淀粉酶主链进行比较的情况下。
突变型α-淀粉酶
AA560变体的改变的特点
下面讨论本发明AA560或A349α-淀粉酶中可引入的突变,特别是取代和缺失,与相对于亲代α-淀粉酶的所需特性改变之间的关系。
发明还涉及SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4所示的α-淀粉酶的突变体(即α-淀粉酶变体)。本发明的突变型α-淀粉酶的特征是一个或多个甲硫氨酸残基被除Cys和Met之外的任何氨基酸残基所取代。因此,根据本发明取代甲硫氨酸残基的氨基酸残基是:Ala、Arg、Asn、Asp、Gln、Glu、Gly、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Phe、Pro、Ser、Thr、Trp、Tyr和Val。
本发明突变型α-淀粉酶的一个优选实施方案特征是,一个或多个甲硫氨酸残基被一个Leu、Thr、Ala、Gly、Ser、Ile或Val氨基酸残基置换,优选被一个Leu、Thr、Ala或Gly氨基酸残基所置换。在这个实施方案中,在有氧化剂存在的条件下获得了非常满意的活性值和稳定性。尤其是这意味着下列位置上的一个或多个甲硫氨酸可以通过采用本领域已知的技术来进行取代或删除,尤其包括定点诱变和基因改组。采用SEQ ID NO:2编号的可考虑的位置是:9、10、105、116、202、208、261、309、323、382、430、440。
本发明突变型α-淀粉酶的一个优选实施方案特征是,202位的甲硫氨酸残基被除Cys和Met之外的任何氨基酸残基所置换,优选被一个Leu、Thr、Ala、Gly、Ser、Ile或Asp所置换。
其它预期优选的突变包括氨基酸R181、G182、D 183或G184、K185、G186的一个、两个或多个残基的缺失,或着一个或多个这些残基的置换。一个优选的突变是D183-G184的缺失。特别相关的突变是G186被Ala、Arg、Asn、Asp、Cys、Gln、Glu、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Met、Phe、Pro、Ser、Thr、Trp、Tyr和Val所置换。特别优选的置换是G186R。
另外预期的突变是N195被Ala、Arg、Asn、Asp、Cys、Gln、Glu、Gly、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Met、Phe、Pro、Ser、Thr、Trp、Tyr和Val所置换。特别希望的置换是N195F。
上述突变的组合包括以下:(D183-G184)的缺失+N 195F;(D183-G184)的缺失+G186R;(D183-G184)的缺失+G186R+N195F,和G186R+N195F。
增强的热稳定性
产生本发明变体,例如,具有增强的热稳定性,特别是在酸性pH和/或在低Ca2+浓度下的热稳定性的突变包括下列位置的突变(采用AA560α-淀粉酶编号,即SEQ ID NO:2):
R158、N174、G186、N195、N197、H210、E212、V214、V215、E216、K269、N270。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“酸性pH”指低于7.0的pH,特别是低于通常在其中进行工业淀粉液化过程的pH范围,该范围为pH5.5至6.2。
本发明的上下文中,术语“低钙浓度”指低于工业淀粉液化时所采用的常规浓度。常规浓度随谷物中游离Ca2+的浓度而变化。通常加入相当于1mM(40ppm)的用量,该用量与谷物中的量加在一起达到40至60ppm的游离Ca2+。
本发明的上下文中,术语“高温”指95至160℃之间的温度,特别是通常在其中进行工业淀粉液化过程的温度范围,该范围为95至105℃。
本发明人发现通过将包括上述突变和/或I206的其它突变相互组合,能增强热稳定性,尤其是在酸性pH和/或在低Ca2+浓度下的热稳定性。
所述“其它”突变是指下列突变(相对AA560α-淀粉酶,SE2ID NO:2):
N195、E212、E216、K269和I206。
所述突变可进一步与WO96/23873中所述的一个,优选两个或甚至三个位置的缺失进行组合(即,本文SEQ ID NO:2中的位置R181、G182、D183、G182、G184)。
本发明涉及亲代AA560α-淀粉酶的具有α-淀粉酶活性且包括两个、三个、四个、五个、六个或七个上述位置突变的变体。
应当强调的是不仅涉及所述AA560α-淀粉酶。在本发明的范围内还涉及具有如下定义的一定程度同源性(相同性)的α-淀粉酶。
应指出,分别相对于SEQ ID NO:2中的N195、I206、E212和E216位置的氨基酸残基组成了在多种Termamyl-样α-淀粉酶,即Termamyl(地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶)中保守的氨基酸。因此,例如,从图1的对比排列和下表1和表2中能够看到AA560和Termamyl中残基的相应位置。
表1
Termamyl-样α-淀粉酶 | |||||
地衣芽孢杆菌(Termamyl)AA560(SEQ ID NO:5) | N 190N 195 | I201I206 | H205H210 | E211E211 | N265N270 |
表2
Termamyl-样α-淀粉酶 | |
SP690SP722AA560(SEQ ID NO:2) | R181,G182,T183,G184,K185,A186R181,G182,D183,G184,K185,A186R181,G182,D183,G184,K185,A186 |
这些保守的氨基酸残基的突变对于特性的改变是非常重要的。
当采用SEQ ID NO:2进行编号时,为了改变特性,尤其是为了增强在酸性pH和/或在低Ca2+浓度下的热稳定性,本发明在下列位置进行了两个、三个、四个、五个、六个或七个突变(此处相对于SEQ ID NO:2):
1:R181*,G182*,D183*,G184*;
2:N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
3:I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
4:E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
5:E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
6:K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
7:R181A,N,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V.
本发明涉及三个、四个、五个、六个或七个突变的组合。
本发明特定的双突变是(采用SEQ ID NO:2进行编号):
-R181*/G182*/N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/R181A,N,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V.
在一个优选的实施方案中,变体包括下列突变:在SEQ ID NO:2中或在本文定义的96%同源之α-淀粉酶中相应位置的N195F/K264S。在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的变体包括下列突变:在SEQ ID NO:2中或另一同源α-淀粉酶的相应位置中的R181*/G182*/N195F。所述变体可进一步包括E216Q位置上的一个置换。
AA560变体在pH8-10.5时的改进的Ca2+ 稳定性
改进的Ca2+稳定性指在Ca2+耗尽的情况下,酶的稳定性得到改进。本发明的上下文中,就在高pH下获得改进的Ca2+稳定性而言,重要的突变(包括氨基酸置换和缺失)包括上文“增强的热稳定性”部分中公开的突变和/或缺失。
本发明变体中的一般突变
优选本发明的变体除了含有上述变化外,还含有一个或多个修饰。因此,经修饰的α-淀粉酶变体中一个或多个脯氨酸残基被非脯氨酸残基取代较为有利,所述非脯氨酸残基可以是任何可能的天然非脯氨酸残基,优选为丙氨酸,甘氨酸,丝氨酸,苏氨酸,缬氨酸或亮氨酸。
类似地,优选亲代α-淀粉酶被修饰的氨基酸残基中存在的一个或多个半胱氨酸残基被非半胱氨酸残基取代,所述非半胱氨酸残基可以是例如丝氨酸,丙氨酸,苏氨酸,甘氨酸,缬氨酸或亮氨酸。
另外,本发明的变体可以(作为唯一的修饰或与上述任何修饰联合)被修饰,以使对应于SEQ ID NO:2中190-214的氨基酸片段中存在的一个或多个Asp和/或Glu分别被Asn和/或Gln取代。另外,用Arg取代对应于SEQ IDNO:2中190-214的氨基酸片段中存在的一个或多个Lys残基也很有意义。
应理解本发明包含掺入了两个或多个上述修饰的变体。
另外,在本文所述的任何变体中导入点突变较为有利。
突变可适当地包括下列位置的突变:Y133、L17、M202、V214。
克隆编码本发明α-淀粉酶的DNA序列
可使用本领域众所周知的多种方法,从产生所述α-淀粉酶的任何细胞或微生物中分离出编码亲代α-淀粉酶的DNA序列。首先,应使用源自产生待研究之α-淀粉酶的生物的染色体DNA或信使RNA构建基因组DNA和/或cDNA文库。然后,如果α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列是已知的,可合成同源的经标记的寡核苷酸探针,使用该探针从生产自所述生物的基因组文库中鉴定编码α-淀粉酶的克隆。或者,将含有与已知α-淀粉酶基因同源之序列的经标记的寡核苷酸探针用作探针,使用较低严紧度的杂交和洗涤条件鉴定编码α-淀粉酶的克隆。
另一种鉴定编码α-淀粉酶的克隆的方法包括:将基因组DNA片段插入表达载体,如质粒,用所得基因组DNA文库转化α-淀粉酶-阴性细菌,然后将经转化的细菌铺于含有α-淀粉酶底物的琼脂上,从而鉴定出表达α-淀粉酶的克隆。
或者,可通过已建立的标准方法合成生产编码酶的DNA序列,所述方法例如S.L.Beaucage和M.H.Caruthers(1981)所述的膦酰胺法或Matthes等(1984)所述的方法。在膦酰胺法中,可在例如自动化的DNA合成仪中合成寡核苷酸,对其进行纯化,退火,再连接并克隆至适当的载体。
最终,DNA序列可以是根据标准技术,通过连接合成的,基因组的或cDNA来源的片段(适当时是对应于完整DNA序列的多个部分的片段)而生产的混合的基因组和合成来源,混合的合成和cDNA来源或混合的基因组和cDNA来源的DNA序列。也可以使用特定的引物,如US 4,683,202或R.K.Saiki等(1988)所述的引物经聚合酶链反应(PCR)生产DNA序列。
定点诱变
一旦分离出编码α-淀粉酶的DNA序列,并鉴定出合乎需要的突变位点,可使用合成的寡核苷酸导入突变。这些寡核苷酸含有侧翼于所需突变位点的核苷酸序列;在合成寡核苷酸的过程中插入突变的核苷酸。在特定的方法中,在携有α-淀粉酶基因的载体中产生桥连α-淀粉酶-编码序列的单链DNA缺口。然后,使携有所需突变的合成核苷酸与该单链DNA的同源部分退火。然后用DNA聚合酶I(Klenow片段)补平其余缺口,使用T4连接酶连接构建体。该方法的特例描述于Morinaga等(1984)。US4,760,025公开了通过对盒进行微小的改变而导入编码多个突变的寡核苷酸。然而,由于Morinaga法可以导入多种长度的多个寡核苷酸,因此可在任何一次导入甚至更多个突变。
Nelson和Long(1989)描述了另一种将突变导入编码α-淀粉酶的DNA序列的方法。所述方法包括以3个步骤产生含有所需突变的PCR片段,所述突变是通过使用化学合成的DNA链作为PCR反应的一个引物而导入的。通过用限制性内切核酸酶裂解,可从PCR-产生的片段中分离出携有突变的DNA片段,并将该片段重新插入表达质粒。
随机诱变
可在翻译成本文所示氨基酸序列的基因的至少3个部分中,或在整个基因内适当地进行随机诱变,所述诱变可以是定域的或区域-特异性的随机诱变。
利用本领域已知的任何方法,可以方便地对编码亲代α-淀粉酶的DNA序列进行随机诱变。
关于上文,本发明的另一方面涉及产生亲代α-淀粉酶的变体的方法,例如,其中变体相对于亲代而言,表现出经改变的或增加的热稳定性,所述方法包括:
(a)对编码亲代α-淀粉酶的DNA序列进行随机诱变,
(b)在宿主细胞中表达步骤(a)中得到的突变DNA序列,和
(c)筛选表达α-淀粉酶变体的宿主细胞,所述变体相对于亲代α-淀粉酶而言具有经改变的特性(如热稳定性)。
优选使用添加引物进行本发明上述方法中的步骤(a)。
例如,可使用适当的物理或化学诱变剂,使用适当的寡核苷酸,或通过对DNA序列进行PCR以产生诱变来进行随机诱变。另外,可使用这些诱变剂的任何组合进行随机诱变。诱变剂可以是例如诱导碱基转换,颠换,倒位,倒频,缺失和/或插入的试剂。
适用于本发明目的的物理或化学诱变剂的例子包括紫外线(UV)照射,羟胺,N-甲基-N’-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG),邻甲基羟胺,亚硝酸,乙基甲磺酸(EMS),亚硫酸氢钠,甲酸和核苷酸类似物。当使用这些诱变剂时,一般通过在适于发生诱变的条件下,在选定诱变剂的存在下保温待诱变的编码亲代酶的DNA序列来进行诱变,然后筛选具有所需特性的突变DNA。
当利用寡核苷酸进行诱变时,在合成待改变位置处的寡核苷酸的过程中,可同时添加寡核苷酸和3个非-亲代核苷酸。添加的目的是避免不必要氨基酸的密码子。可通过任何公开的技术,例如使用PCR,LCR或适当时使用任何DNA聚合酶和连接酶,将添加的寡核苷酸掺入编码α-淀粉酶的DNA。
优选使用“恒随机的添加”进行添加,其中各个位置的野生型和突变的百分比是预先确定好的。另外,添加可以导致优先导入某些核苷酸,从而优先导入一个或多个特定的氨基酸残基。例如,进行添加后可在每个位置导入90%野生型和10%突变。选择添加方案的其它考虑基于遗传学以及蛋白质-结构的限制。可使用DOPE程序(见“材料和方法”部分)制订添加方案,所述程序可特别地确保不导入终止密码子。
当使用PCR-产生的诱变时,可在增加核苷酸错误掺入的条件下,对经化学处理或未经处理的编码亲代α-淀粉酶的基因进行PCR(Deshler 1992;Leung等,技术,Vol.1,1989,PP.11-15)。
可使用大肠杆菌(FoWler等,Molec.Gen.Genet.,133,1974,pp.179-191),酿酒酵母或任何其它微生物的增变株对编码α-淀粉酶的DNA进行随机诱变,诱变方法包括例如:将含有亲代糖基酶的质粒转化至增变株,培养含有质粒的增变株,从增变株中分离突变的质粒。随后,将突变的质粒转化至表达生物。
待诱变的DNA序列可以方便地存在于基因组或cDNA文库中,所述文库生产自表达亲代α-淀粉酶的生物。或者,DNA序列可以存在于适当的载体,如质粒或噬菌体上,再与诱变剂一起保温或要不然暴露于诱变剂中。待诱变的DNA也可存在于宿主细胞中,或者整合于所述细胞的基因组中,或者存在于细胞所携带的载体上。最后,待诱变的DNA也可以是分离的形式。应理解接受随机诱变的DNA序列优选为cDNA或基因组DNA序列。
在某些情况下,在进行表达步骤b)或筛选步骤c)前,可以方便地扩增突变的DNA序列。可根据本领域已知的方法进行扩增,本发明优选的方法是:使用根据亲代酶的DNA或氨基酸序列生产的寡核苷酸引物进行PCR扩增。
与诱变剂保温或暴露于诱变剂之后,通过在允许发生表达的条件下培养携有突变DNA序列的适当宿主细胞来表达突变的DNA。用于此目的的宿主细胞可以是被突变的DNA序列(任选其存在于载体上)转化的宿主细胞,或者是在诱变处理的过程中携有编码亲代酶的DNA序列的宿主细胞。适当宿主细胞的例子如下:革兰氏阳性细菌,如枯草芽孢杆菌,地衣芽孢杆菌,迟缓芽孢杆菌,短芽孢杆菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,嗜碱芽孢杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌,环状芽孢杆菌,灿烂芽孢杆菌,巨大芽孢杆菌,苏云金芽孢杆菌,浅青紫链霉菌或鼠灰链霉菌;和革兰氏阴性细菌,如大肠杆菌。
突变的DNA序列可进一步含有能使突变的DNA序列表达的DNA序列。
定域随机诱变
随机诱变可有利地定域于所述亲代α-淀粉酶的一部分。例如,当酶的某些区域被鉴定为对酶的给定特性特别重要时,以及当预期修饰能导致具有改良特性的变体时,定域随机诱变较为有利。当亲代酶的三级结构已被阐明,且所述结构与酶的功能相关时,一般可鉴定出所述区域。
通过使用上述的PCR产生的诱变技术或本领域已知的任何其它适当的技术,可以方便地进行定域的或区域-特异性的随机诱变。或者,通过例如插入适当的载体来分离编码待修饰的DNA序列部分的DNA序列,随后可使用上述任何诱变方法对所述部分进行诱变。
提供α-淀粉酶变体的其它方法
提供α-淀粉酶变体的其它方法包括本领域已知的基因改组方法,所述方法包括例如WO 95/22625(Affymax Technologies N.V.)和WO 96/00343(NovoNordisk A/S)所述的方法。
表达本发明的α-淀粉酶变体
根据本发明,可使用表达载体,以酶的形式表达通过上述方法,或通过本领域已知的任何其它方法产生的编码变体的DNA序列,所述表达载体一般包括编码启动子,操纵子,核糖体结合位点,翻译起始信号的控制序列,并任选包括阻抑基因或多种激活基因。
携有编码本发明α-淀粉酶变体的DNA序列的重组表达载体可以是能对其方便地进行重组DNA操作的任何载体,载体的选择经常取决于导入该载体的宿主细胞。因此,载体可以是自我复制的载体,即作为染色体外实体存在的载体,所述载体的复制独立于染色体的复制,所述载体包括例如质粒,噬菌体或染色体外元件,微型染色体或人工染色体。或者,载体可以是当导入宿主细胞时可以整合至宿主细胞基因组,并与整合了该载体的染色体一起复制的载体。
在载体中,DNA序列应该与适当的启动子序列可操作相连。启动子可以是在选定宿主细胞中显示出转录活性的任何DNA序列,启动子可以得自编码与宿主细胞同源或异源之蛋白质的基因。介导编码本发明α-淀粉酶变体之DNA序列转录,尤其是在细菌宿主中的转录的适当启动子的例子是:大肠杆菌lac操纵子的启动子,天蓝色链霉菌琼脂酶基因dagA启动子,地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因(amyL)启动子,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌产麦芽糖淀粉酶基因(amyM)启动子,解淀粉芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶(amyQ)启动子,枯草芽孢杆菌xylA和xylB基因的启动子等。为了在真菌宿主中转录,有用的启动子的例子是得自编码下列酶的基因的启动子:米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶,米赫根毛霉(Rhizomucor miehei)天冬氨酸蛋白酶,黑曲霉中性α-淀粉酶,黑曲霉酸稳定的α-淀粉酶,黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶,米赫根毛霉脂肪酶,米曲霉碱性蛋白酶,米曲霉丙糖磷酸异构酶或构巢曲霉乙酰胺酶。
本发明的表达载体也含有适当的转录终止子,在真核生物中,还含有与编码本发明α-淀粉酶变体的DNA序列可操作相连的聚-腺苷酸化序列。终止和聚腺苷酸化序列可适当地得自与启动子相同的来源。
载体可进一步含有能使载体在所述宿主细胞中复制的DNA序列。所述序列的例子是质粒pUC19,pACYC177,pUB110,pE194,pAMB1和pIJ702的复制起点。
载体也可含有选择标记,例如其产物可以补偿宿主细胞缺陷的基因,如枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌的dal/基因,或能赋予抗生素抗性的基因,所述抗生素抗性如氨苄青霉素,卡那霉素,氯霉素或四环素抗性。另外,载体可含有曲霉属选择标记,如amdS,argB,niaD和sC,产生潮霉素抗性的标记,或者可通过WO 91/17243中所述的共-转化来完成选择。
尽管细胞内表达在某些方面(例如当使用某些细菌作为宿主细胞时)有利,但一般优选在细胞外进行表达。通常,本文所述的芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶含有允许表达的蛋白酶分泌至培养基的前区。必要时,该前区可被不同的前区或信号序列取代,通过取代编码各个前区的DNA序列可以方便地实现此目的。
分别连接编码α-淀粉酶变体的本发明DNA构建体,启动子,终止子和其它元件,并将它们插入含有复制所需信息的适当载体的方法是本领域技术人员众所周知的(参见例如Sambrook等,分子克隆:实验室手册,第2版,冷泉港,1989)。
含有上文所定义的本发明DNA构建体或表达载体的本发明细胞可以有利地用作宿主细胞,以重组产生本发明的α-淀粉酶变体。可以方便地通过将编码变体的本发明DNA构建体(一个或多个拷贝)整合至宿主染色体,用所述DNA构建体转化细胞。一般认为整合是有利的,因为整合后DNA序列可以在细胞中更加稳定地维持。根据常规方法,例如通过同源或异源重组可以将DNA构建体整合至宿主染色体。或者,可用与不同类型的宿主细胞有关的上述表达载体转化细胞。
本发明的细胞可以是高等生物,如哺乳动物或昆虫的细胞,但优选其为微生物细胞,例如细菌或真菌(包括酵母)细胞。
在有利于产生变体的条件下培养上述宿主细胞,并从细胞和/或培养基中回收变体。
用于培养细胞的培养基可以是适于培养所述宿主细胞,并表达本发明α-淀粉酶变体的任何常规培养基。适当的培养基可以商购,或者可根据公开的配方(例如美国典型培养物保藏中心目录中所述的配方)生产。
通过众所周知的方法,包括通过离心或过滤将培养基与细胞分开,利用诸如硫酸铵等盐沉淀培养基中的蛋白质成分,接着利用层析法,如离子交换层析,亲和层析等,可以从培养基中方便地回收宿主细胞分泌的α-淀粉酶变体。
核酸序列
本发明还涉及分离的核酸序列,其编码本发明的多肽。在一个优选的实施方案中,核酸序列由SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3给出。在另一个更优选的实施方案中,核酸序列是含在质粒pLiH1274或质粒pTVB299中的序列,该两个质粒分别含在大肠杆菌DSM12761和大肠杆菌DSM12764中。在另一个优选的实施方案中,核酸序列是SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的成熟多肽编码区域。本发明还包括编码具有SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的核酸序列,其由于基因密码的简并性而不同于SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ IDNO:3。本发明还涉及SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的亚序列,该两个亚序列分别编码具有α-淀粉酶活性的SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的片段。
SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的亚序列是包含在SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3中的,除5’和/或3’端一个或多个核苷酸被删除以外的核酸序列。
本发明还涉及在SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3成熟多肽的编码序列中包括至少一个突变的突变核酸序列,其中突变核酸序列编码一种由SEQ IDNO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的1至485位氨基酸组成的多肽。
用于分离或克隆编码多肽的核酸序列的技术是本领域已知的并且包括从基因组DNA中分离、由cDNA生产或其组合。从所述基因组cDNA中克隆本发明核酸序列可以通过,例如,采用已知的聚合酶链反应(PCR)或用抗体筛选表达文库来检测具有共享结构特征的克隆的DNA片段。见,例如Innis等,1990,PCR:方法及应用指南,学院出版社,纽约。可以采用其它的核酸扩增方法如连接酶链反应(LCR),连接激活转录(LAT)和基于核酸序列的扩增反应(NASBA)。核酸序列可以从芽孢杆菌的菌株或另外一种或有关的生物克隆,因此,例如,其可以是核酸序列的多肽编码区域的等位变体或种特异性变体。
本文所述的术语“分离的核酸序列”指基本不含其它核酸序列的核酸序列,例如,由琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定的至少约20%的纯度,优选至少约40%的纯度,更优选至少约60%的纯度,甚至更优选至少约80%的纯度,最优选至少约90%的纯度。例如,通过基因工程中使用的标准克隆方法获得一种分离的核酸序列,以便将所述核酸序列从它的天然位置重新定位到它将被复制的另一位点上。克隆方法包括切割和分离含有编码所述多肽之核酸序列的所需核酸片段,将该片段插入载体分子,将重组载体掺入宿主细胞,使所述核酸序列的多拷贝或克隆在该宿主细胞中复制。核酸序列可以是基因组、cDNA、RNA、半合成的、合成来源或其任意组合。
编码所述酶的DNA序列的同源性
本发明还涉及与SEQ ID NO:1的成熟多肽编码序列(即,核苷酸1至1458)或SEQ ID NO:3的成熟多肽编码序列(即,核苷酸1至1458)具有一定同源性并编码活性多肽的核酸序列,所述同源性为至少约96%的DNA水平同源性,优选至少约97%,优选至少约98%,更优选至少约99%。
DNA序列同源性可以测定为能指示第二序列与第一序列之间差异的两个序列之间的相同程度。同源性可以通过本技术领域已知的计算机程序如GCG程序包中提供的GAP来进行适当的测定(如上所述)。因此,Gap GCGv8可同下列默认值一起使用:5.0的GAP创建罚值和0.3的GAP延伸罚值,默认评分矩阵。GAP采用Needleman/Wunsch/Sellers的方法来对比排列。
编码本发明的多肽的核酸序列的修饰对于合成与所述多肽基本类似的多肽可能是必需的。术语与所述多肽“基本类似”指所述多肽的非天然存在形式。这些多肽的某些改造方式不同于从其自然来源分离到的多肽,例如,比活性、热稳定性、PH最适值等方面不同的变体。可以根据SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的多肽编码部分例如,其亚序列,的核酸序列来构建变体序列,和/或通过引入不产生所述核酸序列编码多肽的另一种氨基酸序列,但对应于用来生产所述酶的宿主生物的密码子利用特点的核苷酸置换,或者通过引入产生另一种氨基酸序列的核苷酸置换。关于核苷酸置换的一般描述,例见,Ford等,1991,蛋白质表达和纯化2:95-107。
本领域技术人员显而易见,这种置换可以在对分子功能关键的区域外进行并且仍能产生活性肽。本发明分离的核酸序列所编码多肽的活性必需的,因而优选不进行置换的氨基酸序列,可以按照本领域已知的方法进行鉴定,如定点诱变或丙氨酸-扫描诱变(例见,Cunningham和Wells,1989,科学244:1081-1085)。在后一技术中,在分子中的每一个带正电荷的残基处引入突变,并检测所得突变体分子的[酶]活性来鉴别对该分子活性起关键作用的氨基酸残基。底物-酶相互作用的位点还可以通过三维结构的分析来测定,所述三维结构是通过诸如核磁共振分析、结晶学或光亲和标记技术测定的(例见,deVos等,1992,科学255:306-312;Smith等,1992,分子生物学杂志244:899-904;Wlodaver等,1992,FEBS Letters 309:59-64)。
本发明还涉及分离的编码本发明多肽的核酸序列,该核酸序列在中等严谨条件下,优选在中等偏高严谨条件下,更优选在高度严谨条件下,和最优选非常高度的严谨条件下与在同样条件下与本文所定义的SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的核酸序列或其互补链;或其等位变体及其亚序列杂交的核酸探针杂交(Sambrook等,1989,出处同上)。
本发明还涉及分离的核酸序列,该核酸序列是通过以下方法生产的:(a)在中等、中等偏高或非常高的严谨条件下将一种DNA与SEQ ID NO:1或SEQID NO:3的序列或其互补链或其亚序列杂交;和(b)分离该核酸序列。亚序列优选是至少有100个核苷酸的序列如编码具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽片段的序列。
生产突变的核酸序列的方法
本发明进一步涉及生产突变的核酸序列的方法,包括将至少一个突变引入SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:3的成熟多肽编码序列或其亚序列中,其中突变的核酸序列编码一种由SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的1至485位或其具有α-淀粉酶活性的片段组成的多肽。
为了将突变引入核酸序列以便使一个核苷酸换为另一个核苷酸,可以通过本领域中任何已知方法经定点诱变来完成。特别有用的是利用具有所需插入片段的超螺旋双链DNA载体和两个具有所需突变的合成引物的方法。每一与载体的相对链互补的寡聚核苷酸引物在采用了pfu DNA聚合酶的循环变温过程中延伸。通过引物的结合,产生了含有交错切口的突变质粒。循环变温后,用对甲基化和半甲基化DNA特异的DpnI处理产物,以便消化亲代DNA模板并选出含有突变的合成DNA。也可以采用本领域其它已知的方法。其它那些方法包括基因改组,例如,WO95/22625所述(来源于AffymaxTechnologies N.V.)和WO96/00343所述(来源于Novo Nordisk A/S)。
核酸构建体
本发明还涉及含有本发明核酸序列并使其可操作性地连接一个或多个控制序列的核酸构建体,所述控制序列指导编码序列在与控制序列相匹配地条件下于合适的宿主细胞中进行表达。表达应当理解为包括任何多肽产生的步骤,其包括,但不限于,转录、转录后修饰、翻译、翻译后修饰和分泌。
“核酸构建体”在本文中被定义为单链-或双链的核酸分子,其分离自天然基因或经修饰而含有以非天然方式组合和连接的核酸片段的基因。当核酸构建体含有本发明编码序列的表达所需的全部控制序列时,术语“核酸构建体”是术语“表达盒”的同义词。术语“编码序列”在本文中被定义为核酸序列的一部分,其直接确定了其蛋白产物的氨基酸序列。编码序列的界限通常通过核糖体结合位点(原核生物)或通过紧邻mRNA 5’端开放读框上游的ATG起始密码子(真核生物)和紧邻mRNA 3’端开放读框下游的转录终止子序列来确定。编码序列可以包括,但不限于,DNA、cDNA和重组核酸序列。
编码本发明多肽的核酸序列可用多种方式处理以便多肽表达。根据表达载体的不同,有时优选或必需在插入载体前对核酸序列进行操作。利用重组DNA方法修饰核酸序列的技术是本领域已知的。
术语“控制序列”在本文中被定义为包括表达本发明多肽所需或有利的所有组件。每一控制序列可以是编码所述多肽之核酸序列固有的或外来的。这种控制序列包括,但不限于,前导序列、聚腺苷酸化序列、前肽序列、启动子、信号肽序列和转录终止子。至少,所述控制序列包括启动子和转录和翻译终止信号。控制序列可以含有用于引入特定限制位点的接头,以便于控制序列与编码多肽的核酸序列的编码区进行连接。术语“可操作性地连接”在这里被定义为一种构型,其中控制序列被置于相对于DNA序列的编码序列的适当位置,以便于控制序列能指导多肽的表达。
启动子序列
控制序列可以是适当的启动子序列,即由表达所述核酸序列的宿主细胞识别的核酸序列。启动子序列含有介导所述多肽表达的转录控制序列。启动子可以是在所选宿主细胞中显示转录活性的任何核酸序列,包括突变型、截短型和杂交型启动子,并且可以从编码与宿主细胞同源或并源的胞外或胞内多肽的基因中获得。
指导本发明核酸构建体转录,尤其是在细菌宿主中的转录的适当启动子有:大肠杆菌lac操纵子的启动子,天蓝色链霉菌琼脂糖酶基因(dagA),枯草芽孢杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因(sacB)、地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因(amyL)、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌产麦芽淀粉酶基因(amyM)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因(amyQ)、地衣芽孢杆菌青霉素酶基因(penp)、枯草芽孢杆菌xylA和xylB基因,和原核生物β-内酰胺酶基因(Villa-Kamaroff等,1978,美国国家科学院学报75:3727-3731)的启动子,以及tac启动子(DeBoer等,1983,美国国家科学院学报80:21-25)。其它启动子见“来源于重组细菌的有用蛋白质”,Scientific American,1980,242:74-94;和在Sambrook等,1989,出处同上。
终止子序列
控制序列也可以是适当的转录终止子序列,其被宿主细胞识别后终止转录。终止子序列可操作性地连接到编码所述多肽的核酸序列的3’端。在所选宿主细胞中具有功能的任何终止子都可用于本发明。
信号肽
控制序列也可以是编码连接到多肽氨基末端之氨基酸序列并指导该编码多肽进入细胞分泌途径的信号肽-编码区。核酸序列的编码序列5’端可天然含有与编码区片段天然连接于一个翻译读框中的信号肽-编码区,其编码分泌型多肽。或者,编码序列5’端可以含有一个相对该编码区外来的信号肽-编码区。当编码序列并非天然含有信号肽-编码区时,就需要外来的信号肽-编码区。另外,可将外来信号肽-编码区简单地取代天然信号肽-编码区以增强多肽的分泌。然而,任何指导表达的多肽进入所选细胞分泌途径的信号肽-编码区都可用于本发明。
对细菌宿主细胞有效的信号肽-编码区是从枯草杆菌NCIB 11837产麦芽淀粉酶、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶、地衣芽孢杆菌枯草蛋白酶、地衣芽孢杆菌β-内酰胺酶、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶(nprT、nprS、nprM)和枯草芽孢杆菌prsA的基因中获得的信号肽-编码区。另外的信号肽如Simonen和Palva,1993,微生物学综述(Microbiological Reviews):57:109-137中所述。
调控系统
此外还优选添加调控序列,其可调节所述多肽相对于宿主细胞之生长的表达。调控系统的实例是使基因应答化学或物理刺激,包括调控化合物的存在而开启或关闭表达的那些。原核系统中的调控系统包括lac、tac、和trp操纵子系统。在酵母中,可以使用ADH2系统或GAL1系统。在丝状真菌中,TAKAα-淀粉酶启动子、黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶启动子、和米曲霉葡糖淀粉酶启动子可作为调控序列使用。调控序列的其它实例是允许基因扩增的那些。在真核系统中,这些包括在有氨甲蝶呤存在时被扩增的二氢叶酸还原酶基因,和有重金属时被扩增的金属硫蛋白基因。在这些情况下,编码多肽的核酸序列与调控序列可操作性地连接。
表达载体
本发明还涉及含有本发明的核酸序列、启动子和转录及翻译终止信号的重组表达载体。可将上述各种核酸和调控序列连接在一起以生产一种重组表达载体,使其包含一个或多个方便的限制位点,所述位点能允许编码多肽的核酸序列在这类位点插入或置换。或者,本发明的核酸序列可以通过将该核酸序列或含有该核酸序列的核酸构建体插入适当表达载体来表达。在创建表达载体的过程中,可使编码序列在表达载体中与适当调控序列可操作性地连接以便表达。
重组表达载体可以是任何载体(例如,质粒或病毒),其可方便地进行重组DNA操作并且能使核酸序列表达。载体的选择将主要决定于载体与引入了该载体的宿主细胞之间的相容性。载体可以是线性或闭合环状质粒。
载体可以是自主复制载体,即以染色体外实体形式存在的载体,其复制独立于染色体的复制,例如质粒,染色体外元件,小染色体(minichrmosome)或人工染色体。载体可含有任何确保自我复制的手段。或者,载体可以是引入宿主细胞后整合到基因组中并与其整合的染色体一起复制的那种。此外,可使用单个载体或质粒,或一起含有待引入宿主细胞基因组中的全长DNA的两个或更多个载体或质粒,或转座子。
本发明的载体优选含有一个或多个选择性标记,其能容易地选择出转化细胞。一个选择性标记是一种基因,其产物能提供对杀生物剂或病毒的抗性、对重金属的抗性、原养型至营养缺陷型的转变等。细菌选择性标记的实例是来源于枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌的dal基因,或赋予了抗生素抗性如氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素或四环素抗性的标记。适合于酵母宿主细胞的标记是ADE2、HIS3、LEU2、LYS2、MET3、TRP 1和URA3。用于在丝状真菌细胞中使用的可筛选标志可以选自,但不限于,amdS(乙酰胺酶)、argB(鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶)、bar(膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶)、hygB(潮霉素磷酸转移酶)、niaD(硝酸还原酶)、pyrG(乳清苷-5′-磷酸脱羧酶)、sC(硫酸腺苷酰转移酶)和trpC(邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶),及它们的等同物。优选用于曲霉细胞中的为构巢曲霉或米曲霉的amdS和pyrG基因以及吸水链霉菌(Streptomyceshygroscopicus)的bar基因。
本发明的载体优选含有使所述载体可以稳定整合到宿主细胞基因组中或者可以在细胞中不依赖于细胞的基因组而自我复制的元件。
为了整合到宿主细胞的基因组中,载体可以借助于编码多肽的核酸序列或任何其它通过同源或非同源重组将载体稳定地整合到基因组上的载体元件。或者,载体可含有指导其通过同源重组整合到宿主细胞基因组中的附加核酸序列。附加核酸序列能使载体整合到宿主细胞基因组染色体的精确位置上。为了增加在精确位置上的整合可能性,整合元件优选含有足够数目的核酸,如100至1500个碱基对,优选400至1500个碱基对,最优选800至1500个碱基对,其与相应的靶序列高度同源以便增强同源重组的可能性。整合元件可以是与宿主细胞基因组中的靶序列同源的任何序列。而且,整合元件可以是非编码的或编码的核酸序列。另一方面,载体可以通过非同源重组整合到宿主细胞的基因组中。
为了自主复制,载体可进一步含有使得载体在所选宿主细胞中自主复制的复制起始点。细菌复制起始点的实例是允许在大肠杆菌中复制的质粒pBR322、pUC19、pACY177和pACY184的复制起始点,和允许在芽孢杆菌中复制的质粒pUB110、pE194、pTA1060和pAMβ1的复制起始点。在酵母宿主细胞中使用的复制起始点的实例是2微米(micron)复制起始点,ARS1、ARS4、ARS1与CEN3的组合,以及ARS4与CEN6的组合。复制起始点可以含有突变,该突变使其在宿主细胞中发挥功能时为温度敏感型方式(例见,Ehrlich,1978,美国国家科学院学报75:1433))。
可将本发明核酸序列的一个以上拷贝插入宿主细胞以增加基因产物的产量。核酸序列拷贝数的增加可通过将该序列的至少一个附加拷贝整合到宿主细胞基因组或通过包含一个能扩增的与所述核酸序列并置的选择标记基因来实现。由于细胞所含选择标记基因的拷贝增加,使所述核酸序列的拷贝增加,通过在有适当选择剂的条件下培养所述细胞可筛选核酸序列。
用于连接上述的元件以构建重组表达载体的方法是本领域技术人员众所周知的(见,例如Sambrook,等,同上)。
宿主细胞
本发明还涉及含有本发明核酸序列的重组宿主细胞,其优选在多肽的重组生产中使用。将含有本发明核酸序列的载体引入宿主细胞中,使载体以上述染色体整合体的形式或自我复制的染色体外载体的形式维持。术语“宿主细胞”包括亲代细胞的因在复制过程中发生突变而不同于亲代细胞的任何子代。对宿主细胞的选择很大程度上决定于编码所述多肽的基因和它的来源。
宿主细胞可以是单细胞微生物,例如原核生物,或非单细胞微生物,例如真核生物。
有用的单细胞是细菌细胞如革兰氏阳性细菌包括,但不局限于,芽孢杆菌,例如嗜碱性芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、Bacillus clausii、凝结芽孢杆菌、灿烂芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌;或链霉菌细胞,例如,浅青紫链霉菌或鼠灰链霉菌,或革兰氏阴性细菌如大肠杆菌和假单胞菌。在一个优选的实施方案中,细菌宿主细胞是迟缓芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌或枯草芽孢杆菌细胞。在另一个优选的实施方案中,芽孢杆菌细胞是嗜碱性芽孢杆菌。
将表达载体引入细菌宿主细胞可通过原生质体转化(例见,Chang和Cohen,1979,分子普通遗传学168:111-115),通过利用感受态细胞(例见,Young和Spizizin,1961,细菌学杂志81:823-829,或Dubnau和Davidoff-Abelson,1971,分子生物学杂志56:209-221),通过电穿孔(例见,Shigekawa和Dower,1988,生物技术6:742-751),或通过接合作用(例见,Koehler和Thorne,1987,细菌学杂志169:5771-5278)而实现。
生产方法
本发明还涉及生产本发明多肽的方法,其包括(a)培养在野生型时能产生所述多肽的菌株以产生含有所述多肽的上清液;和(b)回收所述多肽。优选所述菌株为芽孢杆菌属的菌株。
本发明还涉及生产本发明多肽的方法,其包括(a)在益于产生所述多肽的条件下培养宿主细胞;和(b)回收所述多肽。
本发明还涉及生产本发明多肽的方法,其包括(a)在益于产生所述多肽的条件下培养宿主细胞,其中该宿主细胞含有在SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ IDNO:3的成熟多肽编码区有至少一个突变的突变性核酸序列,其中该突变型核酸序列编码SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的1至485位氨基酸组成的多肽;和(b)回收所述多肽。
组合物
另一方面,本发明涉及含有本发明的α-淀粉酶或其变体的组合物。优选所述组合物富含本发明的α-淀粉酶或其变体。在本文中,术语“富含”表示组合物的α-淀粉酶活性增加了,例如,具有1.1的增强系数。
该组合物可含有本发明的多肽作为主要酶组分,例如,单组分组合物。或者,该组合物可含有多种酶活性,如氨肽酶、淀粉酶、糖酶、羧肽酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、壳多糖酶、角化酶、环糊精糖基转移酶、脱氧核糖核酸酶、酯酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、葡糖淀粉酶、α-糖苷酶、β-糖苷酶、卤过氧化物酶(haloperoxidase)、转化酶、漆酶、脂肪酶、甘露糖苷酶、氧化酶、果胶分解酶、肽谷氨酰胺酶(peptidoglutaminase)、过氧化物酶、植酸酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白水解酶、核糖核酸酶、转谷氨酰胺酶或木聚糖酶。附加酶可利用下列微生物来生产,所述微生物属于曲霉属,优选棘孢曲霉、泡盛曲霉、黑曲霉或米曲霉,或木霉属,腐质霉属,优选Humicola insolens,或镰孢属,优选杆孢状镰孢、Fusarium cerealis、Fusarium crookwellense、大刀镰孢、禾谷镰孢、禾赤镰孢、异孢镰孢、合欢木镰孢、尖孢镰孢、多枝镰孢、玫瑰色镰孢、接骨木镰孢、肤色镰孢、硫色镰孢、Fusarium toruloseum、Fusarium trichothecioides或Fusarium venenatum。
所述多肽组合物可以按照本技术领域已知的方法来生产并且可以是液体或干组合物的形式。例如,多肽组合物可以是粒状或微粒状的形式。含在组合物中的多肽可以按照本技术领域已知的方法使之稳定。
下面给出了本发明多肽组合物的优选用途实例。本发明多肽组合物的用量和使用组合物的其它条件可以根据本领域已知的方法来确定。
工业应用性
由于在碱性pH时的活性,本发明的α-淀粉酶能良好适用于各种工业方法,尤其是所述酶发现了作为洗涤剂成分,例如,洗衣、洗碗和坚硬表面洗涤剂组合物的潜在用途,但它也可以用于使纺织品、织物和衣服退浆,啤酒制作或酿造,在纸浆和纸生产中应用,并进一步在从淀粉或全谷物中生产增甜剂和乙醇(如燃料、饮料和工业酒精)的过程中应用。
淀粉转化
常规的淀粉-转化方法,如液化和糖化方法在,例如美国专利3912590和欧洲专利申请252730和63909中进行了描述,此处引入作为参考。
纸浆和纸的生产
本发明的碱性α-淀粉酶也可在从淀粉增强的废纸和纸板生产木质素纤维素材料如纸浆、纸和硬纸板的过程中应用,尤其当在pH7以上发生再制浆以及当淀粉酶通过增强型淀粉的降解而促进废料的分解时。本发明的α-淀粉酶尤其适用于由淀粉-涂裹的印刷纸生产造纸纸浆的过程。所述过程可以按照WO95/14807所述进行,包括以下步骤:
a)分解纸来产生纸浆,
b)在步骤a)之前、期间、之后用-淀粉降解酶进行处理,和
c)在步骤a)和b)后从纸浆分离墨汁颗粒。
本发明的α-淀粉酶也非常适用于当经酶修饰的淀粉与碱性填充剂如碳酸钙、陶土和粘土一起被用于造纸时修饰淀粉。采用本发明的碱性α-淀粉酶,使得有可能在有填充剂存在的条件下修饰淀粉,并因此允许较简单的整合方法(integrated process)。
使纺织品、织物和农物退浆
本发明的α-淀粉酶也非常适用于纺织品、织物和衣物的退浆。在纺织品加工工业中,α-淀粉酶通常作为退浆过程中的助剂使用以利于含淀粉胶料的去除,这种胶料在纺织过程中充当纬纱的保护层。在纺织后彻底去除胶料层对于确保在后续加工(即织物的洗刷、漂白和染色)中得到最佳结果非常重要。酶解淀粉因不涉及对纤维材料的任何损坏,故为优选。为了降低加工成本和提高工厂的生产能力,有时将退浆过程与洗刷和漂白步骤结合到一起。在这种情况下,通常用非酶助剂如碱或氧化剂降解淀粉,因为传统的α-淀粉酶与高pH值和漂白剂不能很好地相容。由于使用了破坏性强的化学剂,淀粉浆料的非酶性降解确实导致某种程度的纤维损坏。因此,由于本发明的α-淀粉酶在碱性溶液中具有改进的性能,所以使用本发明的α-淀粉酶将是理想的。α-淀粉酶可以单独使用或在含有纤维素的纤维或纺织品退浆时与纤维素酶结合使用。
退浆和漂白方法在本领域是已知的。例见WO95/21247,美国专利4643736,EP119920,这里引进作为参考。
市售退浆产品有Novo Nordisk A/S的Aquazyme和AquazymeUltra。
啤酒制作
本发明的α-淀粉酶还可有效用于啤酒的制作加工是;所述α-淀粉酶通常在磨碎(mashing)过程中加入。
洗涤剂组合物
可将本发明的酶加入洗涤剂组合物并因此使之成为其中的组分。
本发明的洗涤剂组合物可以例如配成手洗或机洗的洗涤剂组合物,该组合物包括一种适于污染织物预处理的洗衣添加剂组合物和一种清洗添加的织物柔软剂组合物,或者配成一种在普通家庭坚硬表面清洁操作过程中使用的洗涤剂组合物,或者配成手或机器洗碗操作中使用的洗涤剂。
在一个具体方面,本发明提供一种含有本发明的酶的洗涤剂添加剂。所述洗涤剂添加剂和洗涤剂组合物可以含有一种或多种其它的酶如蛋白酶、脂肪酶、角质酶(cutinase)、淀粉酶、糖酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶、阿拉伯糖酶、半乳聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、氧化酶,例如漆酶和/或过氧化物酶。
通常所选酶的特性应当与所选洗涤剂相容,(即,pH最适值,同其它酶组分和非酶组分的相容性等),并且所述酶应当以有效量存在。
蛋白酶:合适的蛋白酶包括动物、植物或微生物来源的蛋白酶。优选微生物来源。化学修饰型或蛋白质工程化的突变体也可包括在内。蛋白酶可以是丝氨酸蛋白酶或金属蛋白酶,优选碱性微生物蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶。碱性蛋白酶的实例是枯草蛋白酶,尤其源自芽孢杆菌属的枯草蛋白酶,例如枯草蛋白酶Novo、枯草蛋白酶Carlsberg、枯草蛋白酶309、枯草蛋白酶147和枯草蛋白酶168(WO89/06279所述)。胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶的实例是WO89/06270和WO94/25583中所述的胰蛋白酶(例如,来源于猪或牛)和镰孢属(Fusarium)蛋白酶。
有效蛋白酶的实例是WO92/19729、WO98/20115、WO98/20116和WO98/34946中所述变体,尤其是在一个或多个下列位置具有置换的变体:27、36、57、76、87、97、101、104、120、123、167、170、194、206、218、222、224、235和274。
优选市售蛋白酶包括Alcalase、Savinase、Primase、Duralase、Esperase和Kannase(Novo Nordisk A/S)、Maxatase、Maxacal、Maxapem、Properase、Purafect、Purafect OxP、FN2、和FN3(Genencor InternationalInc.)。
脂肪酶:合适的脂肪酶包括细菌或真菌来源的脂肪酶。化学修饰的或蛋白质工程化的突变体也包括在内。有效脂肪酶的实例有:腐质霉属(Humicola)(同义词Thermomyces)的脂肪酶,如来自EP 258068和EP 305216所述H.lanuginosa(T.lanuginosus)或WO96/13580所述H.insolens;假单胞菌脂肪酶,如来自产碱假单胞菌或P.pseudoalcaligenes(EP218272)、洋葱假单胞菌(EP331376)、司徒茨假单胞菌(GB1372034)、荧光假单胞菌、假单胞菌属菌株SD705(WO 95/06720和WO 96/27002)、P.wisconsinensis(WO 96/12012);芽孢杆菌脂肪酶,如来自枯草芽孢杆菌(Dartois等,(1993),Biochemica etBiophysica Acta,1131,253-360)、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(JP 64/744992)或短芽孢杆菌(WO 91/16422)。
其它实例是脂肪酶变体,如WO92/05249、WO94/01541、EP407225、EP260105、WO95/35381、WO96/00292、WO95/30744、WO94/25578、WO95/14783、WO95/22615、WO97/04079和WO97/07202所述的脂肪酶变体。
优选市售脂肪酶包括LipolaseTM和Lipolase UltraTM(Novo NordiskA/S)。
淀粉酶:合适的淀粉酶(α和/或β)包括细菌和真菌来源的淀粉酶。化学修饰的或蛋白质工程化的突变体也包括在内。淀粉酶包括,例如从芽孢杆菌(如GB 1296839所述地衣芽孢杆菌菌株)中获得的α-淀粉酶。有效的α-淀粉酶的实例是WO94/02597、WO94/18314、WO96/23873和WO97/43424所述变体,尤其是在一个或多个下列位置上具有置换的变体:15、23、105、106、124、128、133、154、156、181、188、190、197、202、208、209、243、264、304、305、391、408和444。
市售淀粉酶有DuramylTM、TermamylTM、FungamylTM和BANTM(NovoNordisk A/S)、RapidaseTM和PurastarTM(Genencor International Inc.)。
纤维素酶:合适的纤维素酶包括细菌和真菌来源的纤维素酶。化学修饰的或蛋白质工程化的突变体也包括在内。合适的纤维素酶包括来自芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、腐质霉属、镰孢属、草根霉属、支顶孢属的纤维素酶,例如产自US4435307、US5648263、US5691178、US5776757和WO89/09259中所公开的Humicola isolens、嗜热毁丝霉和尖孢镰孢的真菌纤维素酶。
特别合适的纤维素酶是具有颜色保护优点的碱性或中性纤维素酶。这种纤维素酶的实例是EP0495257、EP0531372、WO96/11262、WO96/29397、WO98/08940中所述的纤维素酶。其它实例是纤维素酶变体如WO94/07998、EP0531315、US5457046、US5686593、US5763254、WO95/24471、WO98/12307和PCT/DK98/00299中所述的那些变体。
市售纤维素酶包括Celluzyme和Carezym(Novo Nordisk A/S),Clazinase和Puradax HA(Genencor InternationalInc.),及KAC-500(B)(KaoCorporation)。
过氧化物酶/氧化酶:合适的过氧化物酶/氧化酶包括植物、细菌或真菌来源的过氧化物酶/氧化酶。化学修饰的或蛋白质工程化的突变体也包括在内。有效的过氧化物酶实例包括来自Coprinus,例如来自C.cinereus的过氧化物酶及其在WO93/24618、WO95/10602和WO98/15257中所述的变体。
市售过氧化物酶包括Guardzme(Novo Nordisk A/S)。
洗涤剂组合物中可包含去污酶,方式是加入分别含一或多种酶的不同添加剂,或加入含所有这些酶的组合添加剂。本发明的洗涤添加剂,即独立添加剂或组合添加剂可配制成颗粒、液体、浆等。优选的洗涤添加剂形式是颗粒(特别是不起尘的颗粒),液体(特别是稳定的液体),或浆。
不起尘的颗粒可以如US4106991和4661452中所公开的来生产,并可以任选通过本领域已知方法加涂层。蜡涂材料的实例是平均摩尔量为1000至20000的聚(环氧乙烷)产物(聚乙二醇,PEG);具有16至50个环氧乙烷单位的乙氧基化壬基酚;其中醇含有12至20个碳原子并且其中存在15至80个环氧乙烷单位的乙氧基化脂肪醇;脂肪醇;脂肪酸;及脂肪酸的单-和双-和甘油三酯。适于通过流体床技术来应用的成膜涂层材料的实例在GB 1483591中给出。液体酶预制剂可以按已有方法通过加入多元醇如丙二醇、糖或糖醇、乳酸或硼酸而稳定。被保护的酶可以按照EP238216中的方法来生产。
本发明的洗涤剂组合物可以是任何适当的形状,例如条状、片状、粉状、颗粒状、糊状或液体。液体洗涤剂可以是含水型(通常含有高达70%的水和0-30%的有机溶剂),或不含水型。
洗涤剂组合物含有一种或多种表面活性剂,其可以是非离子型(包括半极性形式)和/或阴离子型和/或阳离子型和/或两性离子型。表面活性剂通常占总重量的0.1%至60%。
当包含在其中时,所述洗涤剂通常含有约1%至约40%的阴离子表面活性剂如线性烷基苯磺酸盐、α-烯属磺酸酯、烷基硫酸盐(脂肪醇硫酸酯)、脂肪醇乙氧基硫酸盐、仲链烷磺酸盐(alkanesulfonate)、α-磺基脂肪酸甲酯、烷基-或链烯基琥珀酸或(肥)皂。
当包括其中时洗涤剂通常含有约0.2%至40%的非离子表面活性剂如脂肪醇乙氧基化物、壬基酚乙氧基化物、烷基多苷(polyglycoside)、烷基二甲基胺氧化物、乙氧基脂肪酸单乙醇胺、脂肪酸单乙醇胺、多羟基烷基脂肪酸胺或葡糖胺的N-酰基N-烷基衍生物(“glucamide”)。
洗涤剂可含有0-65%的洗涤助洗剂或络合剂如沸石、二磷酸、三磷酸盐、膦酸酯、碳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、氨三乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸、烷基-或链烯基琥珀酸、可溶性硅酸盐或分层硅酸盐(例如来源于Hoechst的SKS-6)。
洗涤剂可含有一种或多种聚合物。实例是羧甲基纤维素、聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)、聚(乙二醇)、聚(乙烯基醇)、聚(乙烯吡啶-N-氧化物)、聚(乙烯基咪唑)、聚羧化物如聚丙烯酸类、马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物和甲基丙烯酸月桂酯/丙烯酸共聚物。
所述洗涤剂可含有漂白系统,其可含有H2O2源如过硼酸盐或过碳酸盐,所述H2O2源可以同过酸-形成漂白激活剂如四乙酰基乙二胺或壬酰氧苯磺酸类进行混合。或者,漂白系统可以含有过氧酸的例如酰胺、亚胺或砜形式。
本发明的洗涤剂组合物中的酶可以采用传统的稳定剂来进行稳定,所述稳定剂是,例如多元醇如丙二醇或甘油、糖或糖醇、乳酸、硼酸或硼酸衍生物,例如芳香硼酸酯或苯基硼酸衍生物如4-甲酰苯基硼酸,并且所述组合物可以按照WO92/19709和WO92/19708中所述进行配制。
洗涤剂也可含有其它传统的洗涤剂成分如织物调节剂,这些有粘土、增泡剂、抑泡剂、抗腐蚀剂、污垢悬浮剂、抗污垢再沉积剂、染料、杀菌剂、增白剂、水助溶剂、抑锈剂或香料。
根据本发明的设计,任何酶,特别是本发明的酶可以以相当于每升洗涤液0.01-100mg酶蛋白,优选每升洗涤液0.05-5mg酶蛋白,特别优选每升洗涤液0.1-1mg酶蛋白的量加到所述洗涤剂组合物中。
还可将本发明的酶加至WO97/07202(引入作为参考)中公开的洗涤剂配方中。
洗碗洗涤剂组合物
本发明的酶也可用于洗碗洗涤剂组合物中,包括下列:
1)粉状自动洗碗组合物
非离子型表面活性剂 | 0.4-2.5% |
硅酸钠 | 0-20% |
二硅酸钠 | 3-20% |
三磷酸钠 | 20-40% |
碳酸钠 | 0-20% |
过硼酸钠 | 2-9% |
四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED) | 1-4% |
硫酸钠 | 5-33% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
2)粉状自动洗碗组合物
非离子型表面活性剂(例如脂肪醇乙氧基化物) | 1-2% |
二硅酸钠 | 2-30% |
碳酸钠 | 10-50% |
磷酸钠 | 0-5% |
柠檬酸三钠二水合物 | 9-30% |
次氮基三乙酸钠(Nitrilotrisodium acetate)(NTA) | 0-20% |
过硼酸钠单水化合物 | 5-10% |
四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED) | 1-2% |
聚丙烯酸聚合物(例如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物) | 6-25% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
香料 | 0.1-0.5% |
水 | 5-10% |
3)粉状自动洗碗组合物
非离子型表面活性剂 | 0.5%-2.0% |
二硅酸钠 | 25-40% |
柠檬酸钠 | 30-55% |
碳酸钠 | 0-29% |
碳酸氢钠 | 0-20% |
过硼酸钠单水化合物 | 0-15% |
四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED) | 0-6% |
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 | 0-5% |
粘土(clay) | 1-3% |
聚氨基酸 | 0-20% |
聚丙烯酸钠 | 0-8% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
4)粉状自动洗碗组合物
非离子型表面活性剂 | 1-2% |
沸石MAP | 15-42% |
二硅酸钠 | 30-34% |
柠檬酸钠 | 0-12% |
碳酸钠 | 0-20% |
过硼酸钠单水化合物 | 7-15% |
四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED) | 0-3% |
聚合物 | 0-4% |
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 | 0-5% |
有机膦酸酯 | 0-4% |
粘土 | 1-2% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
硫酸钠 | 余量(balance) |
5)粉状自动洗碗组合物
非离子型表面活性剂 | 1-7% |
二硅酸钠 | 18-30% |
柠檬酸三钠 | 10-24% |
碳酸钠 | 12-20% |
单过硫酸盐(2KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4) | 15-21% |
漂白稳定剂 | 0.1-2% |
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 | 0-6% |
二亚乙基三胺五乙酸,五钠盐 | 0-2.5% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
硫酸钠,水 | 余量 |
6)具有洗净型表面活性剂系统的粉状和液体洗碗组合物
非离子型表面活性剂 | 0-1.5% |
十八烷基二甲胺N-氧化物二水合物 | 0-5% |
十八烷基二甲胺N-氧化物二水合物和十六烷基二甲胺N-氧化物二水合物以80∶20的C18/C16重量比掺合的混合物 | 0-4% |
十八烷基双(羟乙基)胺无水N-氧化物和十六烷基双(羟乙基)胺无水N-氧化物以70∶30的C18/C16重量比掺合的混合物 | 0-5% |
具有乙氧基化平均程度为3的C13-C15乙氧基硫酸烷基酯 | 0-10% |
乙氧基化平均程度为3的C12-C15乙氧基硫酸烷基酯 | 0-5% |
乙氧基化平均程度为12的C13-C15乙氧基醇 | 0-5% |
乙氧基化平均程度为9的C12-C15乙氧基醇的混合物 | 0-6.5% |
乙氧基化平均程度为30的C13-C15乙氧基醇的混合物 | 0-4% |
二硅酸钠 | 0-33% |
三聚磷酸钠(Sodium tripolyphosphate) | 0-46% |
柠檬酸钠 | 0-28% |
柠檬酸 | 0-29% |
碳酸钠 | 0-20% |
过硼酸钠单水化合物 | 0-11.5% |
四乙酰基乙二胺(TAED) | 0-4% |
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 | 0-7.5% |
硫酸钠 | 0-7.5% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
7)无水液体自动洗碗组合物
液体非离子型表面活性剂(例如脂肪醇乙氧基化物) | 2.0-10.0% |
碱金属硅酸盐 | 3.0-15.0% |
碱金属磷酸盐 | 20.0-40.0% |
选自高级二元醇,聚乙二醇、多氧化物和乙二醇醚的液体载体 | 25.0-45.0% |
稳定剂(例如磷酸和C16-C18链烷醇的部分酯) | 0.5-7.0% |
抑泡剂(例如硅氧烷) | 0-1.5% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
8)无水液体自动洗碗组合物
液体非离子型表面活性剂(例如脂肪醇乙氧基化物) | 2.0-10.0% |
硅酸钠 | 3.0-15.0% |
碱金属碳酸盐 | 7.0-20.0% |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.0-1.5% |
稳定系统(如细分的硅氧烷和低分子量二烷基聚乙二醇醚的混合物) | 0.5-7.0% |
低分子量聚丙烯酸酯聚合物 | 5.0-15.0% |
粘土凝胶增稠剂(例如膨润土) | 0.0-10.0% |
羟丙基纤维素聚合物 | 0.0-0.6% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
选自高级二元醇、聚乙二醇、多氧化物和乙二醇醚的液体载体 | 余量 |
9)触变液体自动洗碗组合物
C12-C14脂肪酸 | 0-0.5% |
嵌段共聚物表面活性剂 | 1.5-15.0% |
柠檬酸钠 | 0-12% |
三聚磷酸钠 | 0-15% |
碳酸钠 | 0-8% |
三硬脂酸铝 | 0-0.1% |
枯烯磺酸钠 | 0-1.7% |
聚丙烯酸酯增稠剂 | 1.32-2.5% |
聚丙烯酸钠 | 2.4-6.0% |
硼酸 | 0-4.0% |
甲酸钠 | 0-0.45% |
甲酸钙 | 0-0.2% |
正奎基二苯基(decydiphenyl)氧化物二磺酸钠 | 0-4.0% |
单乙醇胺(MEA) | 0-1.86% |
氢氧化钠(50%) | 1.9-9.3% |
1,2-丙二醇 | 0-9.4% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
泡沫抑制剂、染料、香料、水 | 余量 |
10)液体自动洗碗组合物
脂肪醇乙氧基化物 | 0-20% |
磺酸脂肪酸酯(Fatty acid sulphonate) | 0-30% |
十二烷基硫酸钠 | 0-20% |
烷基多苷 | 0-21% |
油酸 | 0-10% |
二硅酸钠单水化合物 | 18-33% |
柠檬酸钠二水合物 | 18-33% |
硬月脂酸钠 | 0-2.5% |
过硼酸钠单水化合物 | 0-13% |
四乙酸乙烯二胺(TAED) | 0-8% |
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 | 4-8% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
11)含有受保护的漂白颗粒的液体自动洗碗组合物
硅酸钠 | 5-10% |
焦磷酸四钾 | 15-25% |
三磷酸钠(Sodium triphosphate) | 0-2% |
碳酸钾 | 4-8% |
受保护的漂白颗粒,例如氯 | 5-10% |
聚合物增稠剂 | 0.7-1.5% |
氢氧化钾 | 0-2% |
酶 | 0.0001-0.1% |
水 | 余量 |
11)如1)、2)、3)、4)、6)和10)所述的自动洗碗组合物,其中的过硼酸盐被过碳酸盐所取代。
12)如1)-6)所述的自动洗碗组合物,该组合物另外含有锰催化剂。锰催化剂可以是“用于低温漂白的有效锰催化剂”,自然369,1994,637-639中所述的化合物之一。
应用
本发明还涉及本发明具有α-淀粉酶活性的多肽在洗涤剂,尤其洗衣洗涤剂组合物和洗碗洗涤剂组合物,坚硬表面清洁组合物,以及使纺织品、织物或衣服退浆,生产纸浆和纸、啤酒制作和淀粉转化等上述工艺中应用的方法。
本发明进一步通过以下实施例描述,但不应理解为本发明限于此。
材料和方法
用作缓冲剂和底物的化学试剂是至少试剂纯的商品。
材料
酶:
SP690:美国专利5856164的SEQ ID NO:1中公开的α-淀粉酶。
SP722:美国专利5856164的SEQ ID NO:2中公开的α-淀粉酶。
Termamyl:美国专利5830837的SEQ ID NO:1中公开的地衣芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶。
AA560:本发明SEQ ID NO:2所示的α-淀粉酶。
BAN:解淀粉芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶,可从Novo Nordisk A/S得到。
BSG:嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶,可从Novo Nordisk A/S得到。
洗涤剂型号
A/P(亚洲/太平洋)型洗涤剂具有下列组分:20%STPP(三聚磷酸钠)、25%Na2SO4、15%Na2CO3、20%LAS(线性烷基苯磺酸盐,Nansa 80S)、5%C12-C15脂肪醇乙氧基化物(Dobanol 25-7)、5%Na2Si2O5、0.3%NaCl。
Omo Multi Acao(巴西),
Omo浓缩粉(EU)(联合利华(Unilever))
Ariel Futur液体(EU)(Procter和Gamble)
生物材料的保藏
根据布达佩斯条约的规定,下列生物材料被保藏在德意志微生物和细胞培养物保藏中心(DSMZ),Mascheroder Weg 1b,D-38124Braunschweig DE,并被给予下列保藏号:
保藏物 保藏号 保藏时间
NN017557 DSM 12648 1999年1月25日
NN017560 DSM 12649 1999年1月25日
NN049467 DSM 12761 1999年4月7日
NN049470 DSM 12764 1999年4月7日
菌株保藏的条件是在由专利和商标委员会根据37C.F.R.§1.14和35U.S.C.§122决定是否授权该专利申请的过程中确保能够得到该培养物。保藏物代表被保藏菌株的基本纯的培养物。在进行主体申请的再申请或它的子案进行再申请的境外国家中专利法的要求下,所述寄存物应当能得到。然而,应理解得到保藏物并不非许可实施所述主体发明而对由政府行为授予的专利权造成损害。
宿主生物
枯草芽孢杆菌菌株SHa273公开于WO95/10603。
大肠杆菌菌株SJ2(Diderichsen等,(1990),细菌学杂志172卷,4315-4321)。
质粒:
Genebank载体pSJ1678进一步由WO94/19454(引入作为参考)公开。
pTVB 110是利用pUB110的复制起始点在枯草芽孢杆菌中进行复制的质粒(Gryczan,T.(1978),细菌学杂志134:318-329)。所述质粒进一步编码cat基因,该基因赋予氯霉素抗性并源自质粒pC194(Horonouchi,S.和Weisblum,B.(1982),细菌学杂志150:815-825)。所述质粒携有地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因amyL的截短形式,因此存在amyL启动子、信号序列和转录终止子,但是该质粒并不提供amy-+表型(在含淀粉的琼脂上形成晕圈(halo))。
pTVB299:见实施例10中的构建
方法
普通分子生物学方法:
除非另外提到,所述DNA操作和转化都是通过采用标准的分子生物学方法进行的(Sambrook等,(1989);Ausubel等,(1995);Harwood和Cutting(1990))。
α-淀粉酶及其变体的发酵生产
可以通过本技术领域已知的方法或按下述方法进行发酵。
携有相关表达质粒的一株枯草芽孢杆菌菌株在含有-80℃贮存的10微克/毫升卡那霉素的LB-琼脂平板上划线接种,并在37℃下过夜培养。将菌落转移到装在500ml摇瓶中的添加有10微克/毫升卡那霉素的100ml BPX培养基中。
BPX培养基的组成:
马铃薯淀粉 100g/l
大麦粉 50g/l
BAN 5000 SKB 0.1g/l
酪蛋白酸钠 10g/l
大豆粉(Soy Bean Meal) 100g/l
Na2HPO4,12H2O 9g/l
PluronicTM 0.1g/l
培养物在37℃下以270rpm振荡培养5天。
通过4500rpm离心20-25分钟除去发酵液中的细胞和细胞碎片。然后将上清液过滤来获得完全澄清的溶液。浓缩滤液并在UF滤器上进行洗涤(10000截留膜),再将缓冲液换成pH5.5的20mM的醋酸(Acetate)。将UF滤液上样到S-Sepharose F.F上并且在同样的缓冲液中通过采用0.2MNaCl的逐步洗脱法进行洗脱。洗脱液对10mM Tris pH9.0透析,上样到Q-Sepharose F.F上,利用0-0.3M NaCl的线性梯度洗脱6个柱体积。收集具有活性(通过Phadebas分析法测定)的馏分,调节pH到pH7.5并通过采用0.5%W/vol.的活性碳处理5分钟来除去残留色素。
α-淀粉酶活性的测定
1.Phadebas分析法
通过Phadebas片为底物的方法测定α-淀粉酶活性。Phadebas片(Phadebas淀粉酶试验,由Pharmacia Diagnostic提供)含有交联的不可溶蓝色淀粉聚合物,其与牛血清白蛋白和一种缓冲物质相混合并被压片。
每次测定时,将一个片剂悬浮在含有5ml 50mM Britton-Robinson缓冲液(50mM醋酸、50mM磷酸、50mM硼酸、0.1mM CaCl2,用NaOH将pH调到所需值)的试管中。试验在所需温度的水浴中进行。要测定的α-淀粉酶用x ml的50mM Britton-Robinson缓冲液稀释。1ml的该α-淀粉酶溶液被加到5ml 50mM Britton-Robinsond缓冲液中。淀粉被该α-淀粉酶水解并产生可溶的蓝色片段。在620nm下分光光度法测定蓝色溶液的吸光度,其是α-淀粉酶活性的函数。
重要的是经10或15分钟温育(试验时间)后在620nm下测定的吸光度是在0.2至2.0个620nm光吸收单位的范围内。在这一光吸收范围内活性与光吸收值之间成线性关系(Lambert-Beer定律)。因此必须调节酶的稀释度以适合这一标准。在一系列特定的条件(温度、pH、反应时间、缓冲液)下,1mg的给定α-淀粉酶将水解一定量的底物并产生蓝色。在620nm下测定颜色的强度。测定的吸光值直接与在所述一系列特定条件下测得的目标α-淀粉酶的比活性成比例(活性/mg纯α-淀粉酶蛋白)。
2.另一种方法(PNG-G7分析法)
通过采用PNP-G7底物测定α-淀粉酶的活性。PNG-G7是对硝基苯-α,D-麦芽酚庚糖苷(maltoheptaoside)的缩写,它能被内淀粉酶裂解的嵌段(blocked)寡糖。裂解后,试剂盒中包括的α-葡萄糖苷酶消化底物而释放一种游离PNP分子,该PNP分子呈黄色因而通过在λ=405nm(400-420nm)下的可视分光光度测定法(spectophometry)来测定。包括PNP-G7低物和α-葡萄糖苷酶的试剂盒是由Boehringer-Mannheim生产的(目录号1054635)。
为了生产底物,将一瓶底物(BM1442309)加到5ml缓冲液(BM1442309)中。为了生产α-葡萄糖苷酶,将一瓶α-葡萄糖苷酶(BM1462309)加到45ml缓冲液(BM1442309)中。工作溶液通过混合5ml的α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液和0.5ml底物来制得。
分析是通过将20μl酶溶液转到96孔微滴板中并在25℃下温育。在25℃下加入200ul工作溶液。将所述溶液混合并预温育1分钟,然后每15秒在OD 405nm下测定吸光值一次,共测3分钟。
依赖时间的吸光值-曲线的斜率直接与所述一系列特定条件下目标α-淀粉酶的比活性成比例(每mg酶的活性)。
钙-和pH-依赖的稳定性的测定
为了改进95℃-105℃时的稳定性,标准的工业化液化处理过程是在以pH6.0-6.2为液化pH和加入40ppm的游离钙来操作的。通过进行本文建议的一些替换来改进在以下条件下的稳定性:
1.比pH6.2低的pH和/或
2.在游离钙浓度低于40ppm游离钙的情况下。
利用两种不同方法来测定通过在AA560α-淀粉酶中进行不同的替换而得到的稳定性的改变。
方法1:一种在降低的pH即pH5.0、5ppm游离钙的条件下测定稳定性的分析方法。
在下列条件下温育10μg所述变体:0.1M的醋酸盐溶液、调到pH 5.0、含有5ppm钙和5%w/w的普通玉米淀粉(不含钙)。温育是在95℃的水浴中进行30分钟。
方法2:一种在不存在游离钙和pH被维持在pH6.0的条件下测定稳定性的分析方法。这种分析方法测定钙敏感性的降低。
在下列条件下温育10μg所述变体:0.1M的醋酸盐溶液、调到pH 6.0并5%w/w的普通玉米淀粉(不含钙)。温育是在95℃的水浴中进行30分钟。
稳定性的测定
所有的稳定性试验都采用相同的设置进行。方法如下:
在相关条件(1-4)下温育所述酶。在0、5、10、15和30分钟取样并用分析缓冲液(0.1M 50mM Britton缓冲液pH7.3)稀释25倍(所有取样采用相同稀释度),在标准条件pH7.3、37℃下采用Phadebas分析方法(Pharmacia)测定活性。
温育前(0分)所测活性被用作参考(100%)。百分数的下降被计算为温育时间的函数。
比活性的测定
采用Phadebas分析方法(Pharmacia)将比活性测定为活性/mg酶。
用AA560及其变体进行喷射蒸煮(Jet cooking)和液化
液化实验是在微型-喷射(mini-jet)系统中用50NU/g DS在pH 5.5下加入5ppm Ca++而进行,以便比较所配制的α-淀粉酶变体与亲代α-淀粉酶的性能。反应通过测量DE增长对时间的函数(Neocuproine方法)来进行监控。
通过用去离子水悬浮约11.8kg的Cerestar C*pharm GL03406(89%的淀粉)至接近30kg来生产玉米淀粉浆。在室温下加入0.55g的CaCl2.2H2O后将pH调到5.5。
加入相当于50NU/g DS的酶,并用NaCl将电导率调到300mS。标准条件如下所示:
底物浓度 35%w/w(起始)
31.6-31.9%w/w(终)
温度 105℃、5分钟(首次液化)
95℃、90分钟(第二次液化)
pH(起始) 5.5
喷射(jet)后,收集液化了的淀粉并用密封的热烧瓶从小规模的工厂转运到试验室中,在这里于95℃下继续进行第二次液化。
15至90分钟内每隔15分钟取10ml的样品。加入2滴1N的HCl以使酶失活。从这些样品中称出0.3-0.1g(根据期望的DE)并稀释到100ml。然后,根据Neocuproine方法测定还原糖(精度改进的还原糖测定。Dygert,Li,Florida和Thomas(1965).Anal.Biochem 13,368)并测定的DE值。比较作为时间函数的DE的变化。
退浆材料:
标准织物: TS526,斜纹织法,100%棉
浸渍: 55℃,60ppm CaCl2,pH6.5
酶溶液: 亲代AA560(1g/l)
用量: 浸渍液中0.05,0.1,0.2,0.5和2.0g/l酶溶液。
温育: 在55或65℃下2小时
在30℃下22小时
洗涤: 水中10分钟
干燥: 室温
程序: 退浆结果的评估-Violet scale(TEGEWA)。
利用DOPE程序进行随机诱变的常规方法
通过以下步骤可以进行随机诱变:
1.在亲代酶中选择用于修饰的目标区域,
2.在所选区域中决定突变位点和非突变位点,
3.根据如待构建变体的所需稳定性和/或性能,决定突变的类型,
4.选择结构合理的突变,
5.根据步骤4调整步骤3所选残基,
6.通过采用适当的掺入算法(dope algorithm)分析核苷酸的分布,
7.如果需要,调整所需残基使之符合基因密码的真实性,如考虑基因密码导致的限制因素,如为了避免引入终止密码子;技术人员应认识到某些密码子组合不能应用于实践,需要调整,
8.生产引物,
9.利用所述引物进行随机诱变,
10.通过筛选所需要改进的性能来选择所得葡萄糖淀粉酶变体。
掺入算法
用于步骤6的合适掺入算法为本领域已知。如Tomandl,D.等,1997,计算机-辅助的分子设计杂志(Journal of Computer-Aided MolecularDesign)11:29-38。另一种算法是DOPE(Jensen,LJ,Andersen,KV,Svendsen,A,和Kretzschmar,T,(1998),核酸研究26:697-702)。
滤膜筛选试验
该试验可用于根据对筛选温度的设置,筛选在高pH下比亲代酶稳定性提高的AA560变体,和在高pH和中温下比亲代酶稳定性提高的AA560α-淀粉酶变体。
高pH滤膜试验
将芽孢杆菌文库铺于含有10μg/ml卡那霉素之TY琼脂平板上醋酸纤维素(OE67,Schleicher & Schuell,Dassel,德国)-硝酸纤维素滤膜(Protran-Ba85,Schleicher & Schuell,Dassel,德国)的夹心结构上,37℃保持至少21小时。醋酸纤维素层被安置在TY琼脂平板上。
每一滤膜夹心于铺板后但温育前用针做特别标记,以便能定位滤膜上的阳性变体,将结合了变体的硝酸纤维素滤膜转移到盛有对羟苯基甘氨酸(glycin)-NaOH缓冲液(pH8.6-10.6)的容器中,室温(可以变为10℃-60℃)温育15分钟。将有菌落的醋酸纤维素滤膜室温保存在TY-平板上备用。温育后,在含有1%琼脂糖、0.2%淀粉之对羟苯基甘氨酸-NaOH缓冲液(pH8.6-10.6)的平板上测定残留活性。带硝酸纤维素滤膜的试验板按照与滤膜夹心相同的方法标记,室温温育2小时。除去滤膜后,试验板用10%Lugol溶液染色。淀粉降解变体为深蓝背景下的白点,然后保存板上对其进行鉴定。阳性变体相同于第一次筛选的条件再筛选两次。
低钙滤膜试验
将芽孢杆菌文库铺板于含有相关抗生素如卡那霉素或氯霉素之TY琼脂平板上的醋酸纤维素(OE67,Schleicher & Schuell,Dassel,德国)-硝酸纤维素滤膜(Protran-Ba 85,Schleicher & Schuell,Dassel,德国)的夹心结构中,37℃保持至少21小时。醋酸纤维素层被安置在TY琼脂平板上。
每一滤膜夹心于铺板后但温育前用针做特别标记,以便能定位滤膜上的阳性变体,将结合了变体的硝酸纤维素滤膜转移到盛有碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐缓冲液(pH8.5-10)和不同EDTA浓度(0.001mM-100mM)的容器中。将有菌落的醋酸纤维素滤膜室温保存在TY-平板上备用。温育后,在含有1%琼脂糖、0.2%淀粉之碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐缓冲液(pH8.5-10)的平板上测定残留活性。带硝酸纤维素滤膜的试验板按照与滤膜夹心相同的方法标记,室温温育2小时。除去滤膜后,试验板用10%Lugol溶液染色。淀粉降解变体为深蓝背景下的白点,然后保存板上对其进行鉴定。阳性变体相同于第一次筛选的条件再筛选两次。
实施例
实施例1
从DSM 12648和DSM 12649中分离基因组DNA
芽孢杆菌属菌株DSM 12649(AA560α-淀粉酶)和芽孢杆菌属菌株DSM12648(AA349α-淀粉酶)在TY液体培养基(如Ausubel等(1995)所述)中传代。37℃,300rpm培养16小时后,收集细胞,用Pitcher等(1989)所述方法(1989)分离基因组DNA。
基因组文库的构建
DSM 12649的基因组DNA用限制酶Sau3A部分消化,经0.7%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分级分离。2至10kb大小的片段在DEAE-纤维素纸上电泳分离(Dretzen等,(1981))。
将所分离到的DNA片段连接至BamHI消化的pSJ1678质粒DNA上,用该连接混合物转化大肠杆菌SJ2。
转化
用BIO-RAD的基因PULSERTM电穿孔仪按说明书制备大肠杆菌SJ2宿主细胞并通过电穿孔转化。
阳性转化体的鉴定
上述构建的大肠杆菌SJ2的DNA文库在含有0.5%AZCL-淀粉酶(Megazyme)和10μg/ml氯霉素的LB琼脂平板(Ausbel等所述(1995))上筛选,并在37℃下培养过夜。显示淀粉酶活性的克隆呈现出蓝色扩散型晕圈。一个这种克隆被命名为LiH1274。通过对所克隆的Sau3A DNA片段的一部分进行DNA测序来进一步鉴定该DNA。
实施例2
对DSM12648(AA349)α-淀粉酶的编码基因的DNA测序
用含较大染色体片段的克隆作模板,利用针对已知芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶的保守区的简并引物经特异性PCR扩增α-淀粉酶编码基因的内部DNA片段,其中所述较大染色体片段含有插入到质粒pSJ1678、pLiH1274中的编码淀粉分解活性的基因。
简并引物针对下列区域/氨基酸序列:
For36:GITA(L/V/I)W(I/L)(SEQ ID NO:5)
For97:VY(G/A)D(V/F/L)V(M/L/I/F)NH (SEQ ID NO:6)
For227:DG(F/I)R(F/L/I/V)DA(A/V)KH (SEQ ID NO:7)
Rev235:DG(F/I)R(F/L/I/V)DA(A/V)KH (SEQ ID NO:8)
Rev328:VTFV(D/E)NHD (SEQ ID NO:9)
Rev410:GWTREG (SEQ ID NO:10)
用正向(For)和反向(Rev)引物的不同组合进行PCR可扩增内部DNA片段。
DNA片段用QIA快速离心柱(QIAquick spin colums)(QUIGEN)纯化,并用相同简并引物测序。
通过标准的引物-步行接近法(primer-walking approach)从序列中确定编码成熟AA349α-淀粉酶(SEQ ID NO:2)的完整编码区域的DNA序列(SEQID NO:1)。
实施例3
对DSM12649(SS560)α-淀粉酶之编码基因的DNA测序
用DSM12649(实施例1)之染色体DNA为模板,进行类似上述实施例2所述的试验,以测定AA560α-淀粉酶的DNA序列(SEQ ID NO:4)。
实施例4
将AA349α-淀粉酶亚克隆到pTVB110上
pTVB110是利用pUB110的复制起始点在枯草芽孢杆菌中进行复制的质粒(Gryczan,T.(1978),细菌学杂志134:318-329)。所述质粒进一步编码cat基因,该基因赋予氯霉素抗性并源自质粒pC194(Horonouchi,S.和Weisblum,B.(1982),细菌学杂志150:815-825)。所述质粒携有地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因amyL的截短形式,因此存在amyL启动子、信号序列和转录终止子,但是该质粒并不提供amy+表型(在含淀粉的琼脂上形成晕圈)。
为表达大量AA349α-淀粉酶,将成熟基因精确融合到amyl信号序列上,以使转录由amyl启动子起始,转位由amyl信号序列指导。
在成熟的AA349α-淀粉酶内发现了一个PstI位点。由于将所述基因克隆到pTVB110中利用了pTVB110的PstI位点,所以AA349α-淀粉酶基因中的PstI位点在克隆期间遭到破坏(通过在88位的丙氨酸处引入沉默突变(GCA变为GCG))。
用Pwo聚合酶按厂商(Boehringer Mannheim)建议,以引物188克隆N和188(Pst-)经PCR扩增质粒pLiH1274上约280bp的片段。该片段用琼脂糖凝胶纯化,并与引物188克隆C一起作为大范围引物(megaprimer)(G.Sarkar和S.S.Sommer,(1990),生物技术8:404-407)在第二轮PCR中扩增编码成熟淀粉酶的全长基因。
所得约1480bp的片段用限制性核酸内切酶PstI和SfiI消化,与用同样酶消化的质粒pTVB110连接。
用该连接混合物转化蛋白酶和淀粉酶缺陷型枯草芽孢杆菌菌株SHa273(WO 95/10603所述),检验amy+转化体的DNA序列。称该质粒为pTVB231。
寡核苷酸:
188(Pst-)
5’GGC GTT AAC CGC AGC TTG TAA C(SEQ ID NO:11)
188克隆C:
5’CCG AGC TCG GCC GGC TGG GCC GTC GAC TTA TTT GTT TACCCA AAT AGA AAC(SEQ ID NO:12)
188克隆N:
5’CAT TCT GCA GCA GCG GCG CAC CAT AAT GGT ACG AAC G(SEQ ID NO:13)
实施例5
将AA560α-淀粉酶亚克隆到pTVB110上
DNA测序表明菌株DSM12648(AA349)和菌株DSM12649(AA560)的α-淀粉酶具有高度同一性。因此相同的寡核苷酸和策略被用于将AA560α-淀粉酶克隆到表达载体pTVB 110上而产生质粒pTVB232,然后采用标准技术对该质粒进行发酵培养。
实施例6
亲代AA560α-淀粉酶的纯化
每毫升培养液中加入0.01ml 50%(w/w)CaCl2.2H2O,0.0125ml 12%(w/w)铝酸钠,0.025ml 10%C521和0.075ml 0.1%A130使之絮凝。离心后获得清亮溶液。在酶溶液中加入硫酸铵至终浓度1.2M,然后上样到已用1.2M硫酸铵、10mM Tris-HCl,pH7.0预平衡的Butyl Toyo Pearl柱(100ml)。淀粉酶用5mM Tris-HCl,pH7.0洗脱,使洗脱收集液对5mM Tris-HCl透析过夜。然后用20mM的Tris-HCl,pH9.0预平衡的Q-Sepharose柱(200ml)对馏分进行离子交换层析。用平衡缓冲液洗掉未结合的物质,淀粉酶用线性梯度0-1MNaCl,20mM Tris-HCl,pH9.0洗脱。淀粉酶制剂的纯度经SDS-PAGE测定在95%以上。
实施例7
亲代AA560α-淀粉酶的定性
α-淀粉酶活性用上述Phadebas试验(37℃,pH7.3)和pNPG7分析法(25℃,pH7.1)测定。在选定的pH值和温度值下制作pH图谱和温度图谱。PH图谱在37℃测定,温度图谱在pH9.0测定。
用等电聚焦(Pharmacia,Ampholine,pH3.5-9.3)测定等电点。
表1.比活性和pI
酶 | 比活性 | ||
NU/mgPhadebas | NU(T)/mgpNPG7 | pI | |
AA560(SEQ ID NO:4)SP722(US5856164的SEQ ID NO:2)SP690(US5856164的SEQ ID NO:1) | 35,00035,00035,000 | 9,0006,0007,000 | 7-87-95-6 |
对AA560、SP722和SP690而言,E=3.0cm-1×(g/l)-1
最佳pH和最佳温度的测定结果分别示于图1和图2。
实施例8
亲代AA560α-淀粉酶的洗涤试验
在含有本发明AA560α-淀粉酶的洗涤剂溶液中,将测试污布于25℃和40℃分别洗涤15和30分钟,以此评价洗涤性能。
所用洗涤剂见下表2。A/P型洗涤剂在材料部分中描述。其它洗涤剂为购买的商品。含有α-淀粉酶的商用洗涤剂在洗涤前用微波灭活。
实施例6中纯化重组的AA560α-淀粉酶以下面所示的浓度加到洗涤剂溶液中。所述测试污布用桔子大米淀粉(orange rice starch)弄脏(CS-28污布来源于CFT,测试材料中心,荷兰)。
洗涤后,污布通过用Elrepho减退分光光度计(Elrepho RemissionSpectrophotometer)测定460nm时的减退值(remission)来评价。结果表示为ΔR=用α-淀粉酶洗涤的污布的减退值-在相同条件下未用α-淀粉酶洗涤的污布的减退值。
表2.洗涤剂和洗涤条件
地区 | 洗涤剂 | 测定量g/1 | 灭活 | 酶量mg/l | 温度℃ | 时间min | pH | 水硬度s°dh | Ca∶Mg |
A/P拉丁美洲欧洲欧洲 | 洗涤剂97型Omo Multi AcaoOmo浓缩粉Ariel Futur液体 | 3345 | --++ | 110.20.2 | 25254040 | 15153030 | 10.510.610.29.0 | 661515 | 2∶12∶14∶14∶1 |
结果显示于图4-7。这些结果表明,本发明的α-淀粉酶在所有强碱性pH下的洗涤剂中都有效,还表明AA560α-淀粉酶的洗涤性能分别比SP690和SP722改进。
实施例9
用AA560α-淀粉酶进行的退浆试验
用亲代AA560α-淀粉酶经TEGEWA法(方法和标准等级(scales),可得自Verband TEGEWA,Karlstrasse 21,法兰克福a.M.,德国)使织物退浆。条件在“材料和方法”部分中进行了描述。
AA560α-淀粉酶用于在30和55℃下进行的退浆试验。酶在浸渍溶液中的用量为0.05至2g/l。后洗步骤为用水而不是通常的用热碳酸氢钠水(soda)来洗涤织物。
采用Violet等级(TEGEWA)测定效果
TEGEWA等级:1-9。
等级1=未退浆,等级9=完全退浆。
AA560:30℃,22小时和55℃,2小时 | ||||
G/I | 30℃,pH 6.5 | 30℃,pH 8.5 | 55℃,pH 6.5 | 55℃,pH 8.5 |
0.050.10.20.52 | 22235 | 22234 | 12235 | 22234 |
实施例10
保藏材料pTVB299的构建
将成熟基因亚克隆到质粒pZero-2(Invitrogen,Groningen,TheNederlands)上。将含有AA560完整成熟区的约1.5kb PstI-SacI片段(来源于pTVB232)与用相同限制性酶消化的载体pZero-2连接。将该连接混合物转化至感受态的大肠杆菌细胞内。转化体经PCR检验该插入片段的存在,并测序该片段中编码成熟α-淀粉酶的部分。将所得质粒(称为pTVB299)保藏在DSMZ,保藏号为DSM 12764。
实施例11
AA560α-淀粉酶变体的构建
编码SEQ ID NO:2所示AA560α-淀粉酶的基因位于质粒pTVB223上。在枯草芽孢杆菌中淀粉酶的表达由该构建体中的amyL启动子起始。
本发明的具有δ(D183-G184)突变的变体通过Sarkar和Sommer,(1990)生物技术8:404-407)所述大范围引物法来构建。
用基因特异性引物B 1和诱变引物101458经PCR从编码AA560的pTVB223质粒扩增约645bp的DNA片段,如SEQ ID NO:12所示。
该645bp片段经琼脂糖凝胶纯化,并与引物Y2一起作为大范围引物用于以相同模板进行的第二轮PCR中。
所得约1080bp片段用限制酶BstEII和AflIII消化,所得约510bp的DNA片段经纯化后与用相同酶消化的pTVB223质粒连接。枯草芽孢杆菌SHA273(淀粉酶和蛋白酶低)的感受态细胞用所述连接物转化,氯霉素抗性转化体经DNA测序来检测以证实质粒上正确突变的存在。
引物B1:
5’CGA TTG CTG ACG CTG TTA TTT GCG 3’(SEQ ID NO:14)
引物Y2:
5’CTT GTT CCC TTG TCA GAA CCA ATG 3’(SEQ ID NO:15)
引物101458:
5’GT CAT AGT TGC CGA AAT CTG TAT CGA CTT C 3’(SEQ IDNO:16)
所得质粒编码具有δ(D183-G184)+N195F的AA560α-淀粉酶,将该质粒命名为pTVB232。
本发明其它变体的构建可用相似的方式进行。
实施例12
AA560变体的洗涤性能的测试
本发明的AA560变体的洗涤性能如实施例8浓缩述进行测试。
实施例13
AA560变体的比活性的测试
AA560变体的比活性如实施例7所述进行测试。
实施例14
AA560变体的钙稳定性的测试
AA560变体的钙稳定性用“材料和方法”部分所述试验测定。
本文描述的和要求保护的本发明并不局限于本文公开的特定实施方案的范围,因为这些实施方案旨在说明本发明的几个方面。任何等同的实施方案都应包括在本发明的保护范围内。事实上,除了本文显示和描述的内容,相对于上述内容对本发明做出的各种改动对于本技术技术领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这样的改动也会落入所附权利要求的保护范围内。在冲突的情况下,本文包括定义的公开内容将起作用。
本文引用了多篇参考文献,其公开内容的全部被引入作为参考。
参考文献
Sambrook等;分子克隆:实验室手册(Molcular Cloning:A LaboratoryManual);1989;冷泉港实验室(Cold Spring Harbor Lab);冷泉港;纽约。
Ausubel,F.M.等(eds.);分子生物学流行草案(Current protocols inMolecular Biology);1995;John Wiley和Sons。
Harwood C.R.,和Cutting S.M.(eds.);用芽孢杆菌的分子生物学方法(Molecular Biological Methods for Bacillus);1990;John Wiley和Sons。
Diderichsen B.,Wedsted U.,Hedegaard L.,Jensen B.R.,Sjholm C.;aldB的克隆,其编码α--乙酸乙酯脱羧酶,一种来源于短芽孢杆菌的胞外酶;细菌学杂志(J.Bacteriol.),1990,172卷,4315-4321页。
Pitcher D.G.,Saunders N.A.,Owen R.J.;用硫氰酸胍(guanidiumthiocyanate)快速提取细菌基因组DNA;应用微生物学通讯(Lett.Appl.Microbiol.;);1989;8卷;151-156页。
Dretzen G.,Bellard M.,Sassone-Corsi P.,Chambon P.;用于从琼脂糖和丙烯酰胺凝胶中回收DNA片段的有效方法;生物化学分析(Anal.Biochem.);1981;112卷;295-298页。
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Tyr Ala Leu Thr Leu Thr Arg Glu Gln Gly Tyr Pro Ser Val Phe Tyr
355 360 365
gga gat tat tat ggc att cca acg cat ggt gta cca gcg atg aaa tcg 1152
Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Thr His Gly Val Pro Ala Met Lys Ser
370 375 380
aaa att gac ccg att cta gaa gcg cgt caa aag tat gca tat gga aga 1200
Lys Ile Asp Pro Ile Leu Glu Ala Arg Gln Lys Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Arg
385 390 395 400
caa aat gac tac tta gac cat cat aat atc att ggt tgg aca cgt gaa 1248
Gln Asn Asp Tyr Leu Asp His His Asn Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu
405 410 415
ggg aat aca gca cac ccc aac tct ggt tta gct act atc atg tcc gat 1296
Gly Asn Thr Ala His Pro Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Thr Ile Met Ser Asp
420 425 430
gga gca gga gga aat aag tgg atg ttt gtt ggg cgt aat aaa gct ggt 1344
Gly Ala Gly Gly Asn Lys Trp Met Phe Val Gly Arg Asn Lys Ala Gly
435 440 445
caa gtt tgg acc gat atc act gga aat cgt gca ggt act gtt acg att 1392
Gln Val Trp Thr Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ala Gly Thr Val Thr Ile
450 455 460
aat gct gat gga tgg ggt aat ttt tct gta aat gga gga tca gtt tct 1440
Asn Ala Asp Gly Trp Gly Asn Phe Ser Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser
465 470 475 480
att tgg gta aac aaa taa 1458
Ile Trp Val Asn Lys
485
<210>4
<211>485
<212>PRT
<213>芽孢杆菌菌株
<400>4
His His Asn Gly Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr
1 5 10 15
Leu Pro Asn Asp Gly Asn His Trp Asn Arg Leu Arg Ser Asp Ala Ser
20 25 30
Asn Leu Lys Asp Lys Gly Ile Ser Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Trp
35 40 45
Lys Gly Ala Ser Gln Asn Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr
50 55 60
Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe Asn Gln Lys Gly Thr Ile Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly
65 70 75 80
Thr Arg Asn Gln Leu Gln Ala Ala Val Asn Ala Leu Lys Ser Asn Gly
85 90 95
Ile Gln Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Met Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp
100 105 110
Ala Thr Glu Met Val Arg Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Asn Asn Arg Asn
115 120 125
Gln Glu Val Ser Gly Glu Tyr Thr Ile Glu Ala Trp Thr Lys Phe Asp
130 135 140
Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr His Ser Asn Phe Lys Trp Arg Trp Tyr
145 150 155 160
His Phe Asp Gly Val Asp Trp Asp Gln Ser Arg Lys Leu Asn Asn Arg
165 170 175
Ile Tyr Lys Phe Arg Gly Asp Gly Lys Gly Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Asp
180 185 190
Thr Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Ile Asp Met
195 200 205
Asp His Pro Glu Val Val Asn Glu Leu Arg Asn Trp Gly Val Trp Tyr
210 215 220
Thr Asn Thr Leu Gly Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Ile Asp Ala Val Lys His
225 230 235 240
Ile Lys Tyr Ser Phe Thr Arg Asp Trp Ile Asn His Val Arg Ser Ala
245 250 255
Thr Gly Lys Asn Met Phe Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Trp Lys Asn Asp Leu
260 265 270
Gly Ala Ile Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Trp Asn His Ser Val
275 280 285
Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Asn Ala Ser Lys Ser Gly
290 295 300
Gly Asn Tyr Asp Met Arg Gln Ile Phe Asn Gly Thr Val ValGln Arg
305 310 315 320
His Pro Met His Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Ser Gln Pro
325 330 335
Glu Glu Ala Leu Glu Ser Phe Val Glu Glu Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala
340 345 350
Tyr Ala Leu Thr Leu Thr Arg Glu Gln Gly Tyr Pro Ser Val Phe Tyr
355 360 365
Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Thr His Gly Val Pro Ala Met Lys Ser
370 375 380
Lys Ile Asp Pro Ile Leu Glu Ala Arg Gln Lys Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Arg
385 390 395 400
Gln Asn Asp Tyr Leu Asp His His Asn Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu
405 410 415
Gly Asn Thr Ala His Pro Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Thr Ile Met Ser Asp
420 425 430
Gly Ala Gly Gly Asn Lys Trp Met Phe ValGly Arg Asn Lys Ala Gly
435 440 445
Gln Val Trp Thr Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ala Gly Thr ValThr Ile
450 455 460
Asn Ala Asp Gly Trp Gly Asn Phe Ser Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser
465 470 475 480
Ile Trp Va1Asn Lys
485
<210>5
<211>7
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<221>肽
<222>(1)..(9)
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:简并引物区
<400>5
Gly Ile Thr Ala Xaa Trp Xaa
1 5
<210>6
<211>9
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<221>肽
<222>(1)..(9)
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:简并引物区
<400>6
Val Tyr Xaa Asp Xaa Val Xaa Asn His
1 5
<210>7
<211>10
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:简并引物区
<220>
<221>肽
<222>(1)..(10)
<400>7
Asp Gly Xaa Arg Xaa Asp Ala Xaa Lys His
1 5 10
<210>8
<211>10
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:简并引物区
<220>
<221>肽
<222>(1)..(10)
<400>8
Asp Gly Xaa Arg Xaa Asp Ala Xaa Lys His
1 5 10
<210>9
<211>8
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:简并引物区
<220>
<221>肽
<222>(1)..(8)
<400>9
Val Thr Phe Val Xaa Asn His Asp
1 5
<210>10
<211>6
<212>PRT
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:简并引物区
<220>
<221>肽
<222>(1)..(6)
<400>10
Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly
1 5
<210>11
<211>22
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:引物188(Pst-)
<400>11
ggcgttaacc gcagcttgta ac 22
<210>12
<211>51
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:引物188克隆C
<400>12
ccgagctcgg ccggctgggc cgtcgactta tttgtttacc caaatagaaa c 51
<210>13
<211>37
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:引物188克隆N
<400>13
cattctgcag cagcggcgca ccataatggt acgaacg 37
<210>14
<211>24
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:引物B1
<400>14
cgattgctga cgctgttatt tgcg 24
<210>15
<211>24
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:引物Y2
<400>15
cttgttccct tgtcagaacc aatg 24
<210>16
<211>30
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>人工序列的描述:引物101458
<400>16
gtcatagttg ccgaaatctg tatcgacttc 30
Claims (14)
1.具有α-淀粉酶活性以及与SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:4的1至485位氨基酸具有至少96%同一性的氨基酸序列的多肽,其中所述的α-淀粉酶在下列位置(相对于SEQ ID NO:2)具有一个或多个突变,尤其是取代或缺失:
1:R181*,G182*,D183*,G184*;
2:N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
3:I206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
4:E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
5:E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
6:K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
7:R181A,N,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V.。
2.如权利要求1所述的多肽,其中所述的α-淀粉酶选自具有下述突变的突变体:
-R181*/G182*/N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/R181A,N,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y;
-G182*/T183*/V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y;
-T183*/G184*/V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y;
-R181*/G182*/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,I,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-R181*/G182*/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-G182*/T183*/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-T183*/G184*/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-N195A,R,D,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y
/E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y
/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-V206A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
E212A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V;
-E216A,R,D,N,C,Q,G,H,I,L,K,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
/K269A,R,D,N,C,E,Q,G,H,I,L,M,F,P,S,T,W,Y,V
3.一种含有编码权利要求1-2中任一项所述多肽的核酸序列的分离的核酸序列。
4.一种含有权利要求3所述核酸构建体的重组表达载体。
5.一种含有权利要求3所述核酸构建体的重组宿主细胞。
6.一种生产突变核酸序列的方法,包括(a)在SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ IDNO:3的成熟多肽编码序列中至少引入一个突变,其中突变的核酸序列编码一种权利要求1-2的多肽;和(b)回收所述突变核酸序列。
7.一种由权利要求6所述方法生产的突变的核酸序列。
8.一种生产多肽的方法,其包括(a)培养含有权利要求7所述编码所述多肽的突变核酸序列的菌株以便生产一种含有所述多肽的上清液;和(b)回收所述多肽。
9.一种生产权利要求1-2中任一权利要求所述多肽的方法,其包括(a)培养菌株来生产一种含有所述多肽的上清液;和(b)回收所述多肽。
10.一种生产权利要求1-2中任一项所述多肽的方法,其包括(a)在适于产生所述多肽的条件下培养含有核酸构建体的宿主细胞,所述核酸构建体含有编码所述多肽的核酸序列;和(b)回收所述多肽。
11.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的多肽在洗涤剂组合物,特别是洗衣洗涤剂组合物和洗碗洗涤剂组合物中的用途。
12.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的多肽在退浆组合物中的用途。
13.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的多肽在淀粉液化中的用途。
14.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的多肽在乙醇生产中的用途。
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DKPA199900439 | 1999-03-31 | ||
DKPA199900439 | 1999-03-31 | ||
DKPA199900490 | 1999-04-13 | ||
DKPA19990049 | 1999-04-13 | ||
US09/290,734 US6361989B1 (en) | 1997-10-13 | 1999-04-13 | α-amylase and α-amylase variants |
DKPA199900490 | 1999-04-13 |
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- 2000-03-28 EP EP08075617.4A patent/EP2011864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2000-03-28 JP JP2000609552A patent/JP4745503B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (1)
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CN109477042A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-03-15 | 诺维信公司 | 酶的用途、清洁组合物和用于洗涤的方法 |
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AU781258B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
EP2011864A1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
EP2889375A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
JP2002540786A (ja) | 2002-12-03 |
MXPA01009706A (es) | 2002-05-14 |
EP1173554A2 (en) | 2002-01-23 |
EP2889375B1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
CA2365446C (en) | 2012-07-10 |
AU3419400A (en) | 2000-10-23 |
KR100787392B1 (ko) | 2007-12-21 |
DK2011864T3 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
JP4745503B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
BR0009392A (pt) | 2002-01-08 |
AR023229A1 (es) | 2002-09-04 |
CN1367824A (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
EP2011864B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
WO2000060060A2 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
KR20020002415A (ko) | 2002-01-09 |
BR0009392B1 (pt) | 2012-06-12 |
ES2532606T3 (es) | 2015-03-30 |
WO2000060060A3 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
CA2365446A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
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