CN111742041B - 包含耐热干燥剂的含酶的热熔细粒 - Google Patents
包含耐热干燥剂的含酶的热熔细粒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742041B CN111742041B CN201880089887.2A CN201880089887A CN111742041B CN 111742041 B CN111742041 B CN 111742041B CN 201880089887 A CN201880089887 A CN 201880089887A CN 111742041 B CN111742041 B CN 111742041B
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Abstract
描述了涉及由起始材料生产的含酶的热熔制备的细粒的组合物和方法,所述起始材料含有足以在热熔加工条件下使酶变性的一定量的水。所得细粒特别地可用于消费品和工业产品,如洗涤剂、动物饲料、食品、个人护理和农业组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明的组合物和方法涉及由起始材料生产的含酶的热熔制备的细粒,所述起始材料含有如果游离的话将足以在热熔加工条件下使酶变性的一定量的水。所述细粒特别地可用于消费品和工业产品,如洗涤剂、动物饲料、食品、个人护理和农业组合物。
背景技术
在有应力的制粒条件下的热敏生物活性剂组合物的配制,特别是在热熔制粒条件下遇到的那些的配制,经常由于生物活性大大损失(因为活性蛋白粉和或在制粒过程中使用的非活性赋形剂中存在残留游离水或自由水(mobile water))而变得复杂。在工业酶领域和本发明中最具体的是酶组合物在高温下在热熔过程如热熔旋转式圆盘雾化(也称为转动圆盘雾化或杯雾化)、热熔挤出和喷雾冷却(也称为喷雾冷冻、喷雾凝结和造粒)中的制粒。药理活性剂的旋转式圆盘雾化在美国专利号7,261,529和7,758,778中描述。药物配制品的热熔挤出在美国专利号9,192,578和9,730,894中描述。酶细粒的喷雾冷却在美国专利号4,016,040中描述。
存在对允许使用热熔制粒方法的组合物和方法的需要,特别是当它们应用于相对脆弱的酶时。
发明内容
本发明的组合物和方法涉及由起始材料生产的含酶的热熔制备的细粒,所述起始材料含有如果游离的话将足以在热熔加工条件下使酶变性的一定量的水。所述组合物和方法的方面和实施例描述于以下独立编号的段落中。
1.在一方面,提供了一种具有低水活性的热熔制备的酶细粒,所述酶细粒包含微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物,所述干燥剂在高于50℃的温度下基本上不释放结合水。
2.在如段落1所述的细粒的一些实施例中,在预选的时间段内,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.15、任选小于0.10、任选小于0.08、任选小于0.05、任选小于0.01、并且甚至任选小于0.005的水活性。
3.在另一方面,提供了一种具有低水活性的热熔制备的酶细粒,所述酶细粒包含微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物,在预选的时间段内,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.15、任选小于0.10、任选小于0.08、任选小于0.05、任选小于0.01、并且甚至任选小于0.005的水活性。
4.在另一方面,提供了一种热熔酶组合物,所述热熔酶组合物包含微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物,在熔融制粒过程期间并且任选地在预选的制粒后时间段内,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.15、任选小于0.10、任选小于0.08、任选小于0.05、任选小于0.01、并且甚至任选小于0.005的水活性。
5.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂在低于180℃的温度下基本上不释放结合水。
6.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在0.1:10(w/w)至10:0.1(w/w)之间、任选在0.1:5(w/w)至5:0.1(w/w)之间、并且任选在0.1:1(w/w)至1:0.1(w/w)之间。
7.在如段落1-5中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在约2:1(w/w)至4:1(w/w)之间。
8.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是沸石。
9.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是具有小于20的SiO2/Al2O3比率的沸石。
10.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是具有小于4的SiO2/Al2O3比率的低硅沸石。
11.在如段落1-9中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是具有在4与10之间的SiO2/Al2O3比率的低硅至中硅沸石。
12.在如段落1-9中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是具有在10与20之间的SiO2/Al2O3比率的中硅至高硅沸石。
13.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是具有小于1.0nm、任选小于0.75nm、任选小于0.60nm、并且任选小于0.40nm的孔的沸石。
14.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是活化沸石,其中所述活化沸石被脱水至其原始水含量的至少5%、任选其原始水含量的至少50%、并且任选其原始水含量的至少95%。
15.在如段落1-7中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是硅藻土(DE)。
16.在如段落15所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是具有在室温下至少140g水/100g DE、任选在室温下至少180g水/100g DE、并且任选在室温下至少200g水/100gDE的吸水容量的硅藻土(DE)。
17.在如段落15或16所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂具有在50℃下至少20g水/100g干燥剂的吸水容量。
18.在一些实施例中,如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒进一步包含有色的饱和指示剂。
19.在如前述段落中任一项所述的细粒的一些实施例中,所述预选的时间段是至少5分钟、至少15分钟、至少1小时、至少12小时、至少24小时、至少48小时、或更长。
20.在另一方面,提供了一种包含如段落1-19中任一项所述的细粒的洗涤剂、动物饲料、食品、个人护理或农业组合物。
21.在另一方面,提供了一种用于减少热熔制备的细粒中酶的水介导降解和/或失活的方法,所述细粒包含微粒状的含酶粉末,所述方法包括在制粒之前向所述酶粉末中添加干燥剂以产生在制粒之前具有小于0.3的水活性的微粒状酶混合物,所述干燥剂选择为在高于50℃的温度下基本上不释放结合水。
22.在如段落21所述的方法的一些实施例中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.15、任选小于0.10、任选小于0.08、任选小于0.05、任选小于0.01、并且甚至任选小于0.005。
23.在如段落21或22所述的方法的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂在低于180℃的温度下基本上不释放结合水。
24.在如段落21-23中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是沸石。
25.在如段落21-23中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中,所述干燥剂是硅藻土。
26.在如段落21-25中任一项所述的方法的一些实施例中,进一步结合了如段落1-20中任一项所述的特征。
根据包括附图的说明书,本发明的组合物和方法的这些及其他方面和实施例将是清楚的。
附图说明
图1是示出了使用热熔旋转式圆盘雾化生产的细粒中植酸酶的水活性和残留水分含量的柱状图。
具体实施方式
I.引言
本发明的组合物和方法涉及包含耐热干燥剂的稳定的含酶的热熔细粒。干燥剂是在其周围介质中迅速引起或维持干燥(dryness)状态(即,干燥(desiccation))的吸湿性物质。所述细粒是使用具有非常低水活性(aw)(由于选择了在所述细粒的高温加工期间结合起始材料中游离水的干燥剂)的微粒状酶粉末制备的;从而防止在高温下加工和处理的应力条件下在甚至少量游离残留水的存在下发生的酶降解和/或失活。
尽管干燥剂在各种应用中的用途是众所周知的,但是干燥剂,特别是耐热干燥剂,先前没有被添加到微粒状的含酶粉末中。这可能是因为喷雾干燥通常足以产生具有约0.3或更小的水活性(aw)的微粒状酶粉末,所述水活性足以在典型的酶储存和使用条件下使水介导的酶降解或失活最小化。然而,使用酶的热熔制粒对微粒状酶配制品施加显著的应力,导致显著的降解和/或失活。已经令人惊讶地发现,此种降解和/或失活不是由于高温本身(即,热蛋白质变性的结果),而是由于高温对水介导的降解和/或失活(产生自酶粉末或其周围环境中存在的少量游离水或自由水)的影响。因此,令人惊讶地发现,小心选择与酶粉末组合的干燥剂,即使在高温下也可以将以游离残留水分形式存在的水转化为结合水,并从而减少或消除先前认为至少主要是热变性过程中的降解和/或失活,技术人员不认为通过使用干燥剂防止或改善所述变性过程,并且因此不提供动力来使用干燥剂作为问题的解决方案。
II.定义和缩写
在描述本发明的组合物和方法的实施例之前,定义以下术语。
除非本文另外定义,否则本文所使用的所有技术与科学术语均具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。尽管与本文描述的那些方法和材料类似或等同的任何方法和材料可用于本发明的实践,但是本文描述了优选的方法和材料。因此,总体上通过参考说明书,以下立即定义的术语得以更全面地描述。此外,除非上下文另有明确指示,否则如本文使用的,单数术语“一个/一种(a/an)”和“所述(the)”包括复数引用。应当理解,本发明不限于所描述的特定方法、方案和试剂,因为它们可以根据本领域技术人员使用的上下文而变化。
在本说明书通篇中给出的每一最大数值限度旨在包括每一较低数值限度,如同此类较低数值限度在本文中明确写出一样。在本说明书通篇中给出的每一最小数值限度将包括每一较高数值限度,如同此类较高数值限度在本文中明确写出一样。在本说明书通篇中给出的每一数值范围将包括落入此类较宽数值范围内的每一较窄数值范围,如同此类较窄数值范围在本文中全部明确写出一样。
如本文使用的,“微粒状酶粉末”是基本上固体的组合物,其包含酶和多至约6%的水(w/w)。
如本文使用的,“干燥剂稳定的酶”包括与耐热干燥剂混合的微粒状酶粉末。
如本文使用的,“干燥剂”是结合水分子以便将至少一些游离水或自由水转化成结合水的吸湿性物质,其中所述结合水采取化学结合或物理吸附的水或结晶水的形式。
如本文使用的,“耐热干燥剂”是结合水并且在至少50℃的指定温度下基本上不释放结合水的干燥剂。优选的“耐热干燥剂”在指定温度下在特定的热熔组合物中在所述温度下5分钟后释放小于10%的其结合水。
如本文使用的,如果干燥剂在指定温度下在特定的热熔配制品中在所述温度下5分钟后释放小于10%的结合水,则所述干燥剂在所述指定温度下“结合水”。
如本文使用的,“室温”是25℃。
如本文使用的,“高温”是至少50℃的温度。
如本文使用的,术语“接触”意指进行物理接触,如通过混合干化学品、溶液、悬浮液等。
如本文使用的,化学组分的“固体”形式是指其粉末、晶体、细粒、附聚物、聚集体、糊料或蜡。
如本文使用的,化学组分的“液体”形式包括溶液、悬浮液、浆料和凝胶。
如本文使用的,术语“喷雾干燥”是指通过用热气快速干燥而由液体或浆料生产干燥粉末的方法,如本领域中已知的并且例如在美国专利号5,423,997和WO 2008/088751 A2中论述的。
如本文使用的,术语“UFC固体”是指由发酵罐/生物反应器生产的超滤液浓缩物,并且与酶浓缩物固体同义。UFC固体可以包括水溶性固体和水不溶性固体二者。
如本文使用的,“清洁组合物”和“清洁配制品”是指可以用于从待清洁的物品(如织物、餐具、隐形眼镜、其他固体基底、头发(洗发剂)、皮肤(皂和乳膏)、牙齿(漱口水、牙膏)等)除去不希望的化合物的组合物。所述术语涵盖为所希望的特定类型的清洁组合物选择的任何材料/化合物。清洁组合物材料的具体选择是通过考虑待清洁的表面、物品或织物,以及针对使用期间的清洁条件的所希望的组合物形式而容易进行的。
如本文使用的,关于旨在用于洗涤介质中的混合物(所述洗涤介质用于清洁弄脏的物体),使用术语“洗涤剂组合物”和“洗涤剂配制品”。在一些优选的实施例中,关于洗熨织物和/或服装(例如“衣物洗涤剂”),使用所述术语。在可替代的实施例中,所述术语是指其他洗涤剂,如用于清洁餐具、刀具等的那些(例如“餐具洗涤洗涤剂”)。
如本文使用的,“个人护理产品”意指用于头发、皮肤、头皮、和牙齿的清洁、漂白和/或消毒的产品,包括但不限于洗发剂、身体乳液、淋浴凝胶、局部保湿剂、牙膏、和/或其他局部清洁剂。在一些特别优选的实施例中,这些产品用于人类,而在其他实施例中,这些产品可用于非人类动物(例如,在兽医应用中)。
如本文使用的“悬浮液”或“分散体”是指两相体系,其中不连续固相分散在连续液相内。固相可以由非常精细的颗粒或较大细粒组成,并且所述颗粒或细粒可以具有多种形状、形态和结构。例如,固体可以是直径小至1微米的喷雾干燥的颗粒、或直径为在100与1,000微米之间的较大的核-壳细粒。
在本说明书中可使用以下缩写。在整个本说明书中,还根据需要提供了定义。
℃ 摄氏度
Tm 熔融温度
H2O 水
aw 水活性
Min 分钟
Hr 小时
w/w 重量/重量
wt% 重量百分比
g或gm 克
mM 毫摩尔
Mg 毫克
Μg 微克
mL和ml 毫升
μL和μl 微升
III.包含干燥剂的含酶的热熔细粒
通常,使用常规喷雾干燥生产的喷雾干燥的酶粉末具有约0.3或更小的水活性(aw),对应于约6%或更小的水分含量。此类喷雾干燥的酶粉末在典型的酶储存条件下经常足够稳定,并且在用于最终商业应用时产生大量的恢复/残留活性。此类喷雾干燥的酶粉末也可以足以包含在许多配制品中,包括通过要求相对低的温度(例如小于约50℃)的方法制备的细粒配制品。此种方法的非限制性实例是流化床制粒。
为了热熔制粒(其中温度超过约50℃)的目的,本发明的组合物和方法提供了以下酶粉末,所述酶粉末在预选的时间段内,具有如在室温下测量的不大于0.3或更小、任选不大于0.2或更小、任选不大于0.15或更小、任选不大于0.10或更小、任选不大于0.08或更小、任选不大于0.05或更小、任选不大于0.01、并且甚至任选小于0.005、或者更小的aw。在一些实施例中,所述预选的时间段是至少5分钟、至少15分钟、至少1小时、至少12小时、至少24小时、至少48小时、或更长(包括周、月、年、或基本上无限期)。
通过添加与含酶的热熔细粒的最终商业用途相容的耐热干燥剂实现如此低的水活性。优选地,耐热干燥剂有效地相对迅速地降低酶粉末的aw以促进高效的产品制备,例如,在向酶粉末中添加干燥剂(即,使酶粉末与干燥剂接触)之后在约60min内、在约45min内、在约30min内、在约15min内、或甚至在约10min内。此外,耐热干燥剂能够在加工、处理或使用的高温(即,至少50℃的温度)下保持低的水活性。
在一些实施例中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在0.1:10(w/w)至10:0.1(w/w)之间、在0.1:5(w/w)至5:0.1(w/w)之间、或甚至在0.1:1(w/w)至1:0.1(w/w)之间。在一些实施例中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是约2:1(w/w)至约4:1(w/w)。
A.干燥剂的选择
所述组合物和方法的重要特征是选择在以下温度下基本上不释放结合水的耐热干燥剂,所述温度显著高于加工、处理、储存或使用中遇到的温度,包括热熔生产的含酶细粒的温度或最终商业应用温度。代替地,选择干燥剂以在用于制备细粒的热熔温度下紧密结合水,所述温度通常高于约50℃,在许多情况下显著更高。可以关于其结合水的温度或温度范围来描述耐热干燥剂,例如,优选的干燥剂应该在高于50℃的温度下和/或在50°至180℃的温度范围内结合水。可替代地,或额外地,选择耐热干燥剂,使得在高于约50℃、低于约60℃、低于约70℃、低于约80℃、低于约90℃、低于约100℃、低于约110℃、低于约120℃、低于约130℃、低于约140℃、低于约150℃、低于约152℃、低于约160℃、低于约170℃、低于约180℃、或甚至更高,所述耐热干燥剂基本上不释放结合水。
用于特定热熔应用的耐热干燥剂的选择取决于在细粒生产期间预期遇到的温度、细粒的预期商业最终用途、环境和毒性要求、以及成本。最一般地,耐热干燥剂应该在高于约50℃不释放大量结合水,但在一些情况下,所述干燥剂应该能够在甚至更高的温度下结合水而不释放所述结合水,例如,高于50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、150℃、152℃、160℃、170℃、180℃、并且甚至高于180℃。示例性的干燥剂包括活化氧化铝、铝硅酸盐、气凝胶、二苯甲酮、膨润土、氯化钙、氧化钙、硫酸钙、氯化钴、硫酸铜、硅藻土、氯化锂、溴化锂、硫酸镁、高氯酸镁、碳酸钾、氢氧化钾、硅胶、钠、氯酸钠、氯化钠、氢氧化钠、硫酸钠和蔗糖。
用于本发明的组合物和方法中的耐热干燥剂的特定类别是天然沸石和合成沸石。Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology[柯克-奥瑟默化学技术百科全书](和2010)和Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry[乌尔曼工业化学百科全书](Broach等人,2012)中提供了沸石、其物理和化学特性和工业应用的广泛综述。
沸石通常被描述为具有通过氧桥连接的SiO4和AlO4四面体构成的三维骨架结构的结晶水合铝硅酸盐。SiO4和AlO4的四面体是主要的结构嵌段(building block);其组合产生了所谓的二级结构单元,如4-环、5-环和6-环,双4-环、双5-环和双6-环等。取决于结构类型,沸石含有规则的通道或互连的空隙,其孔径在微孔范围内,即低于2nm。这些孔含有水分子和平衡骨架负电荷所必需的阳离子。可移动且可以交换的阳离子主要是碱金属离子或碱土金属离子。
国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)为指定沸石的化学式提供了指南(参见,例如McCusker,L.B.等人(2003)“Nomenclature of structural and compositionalcharacteristics of ordered microporous and mesoporous materials withinorganic hosts(IUPAC recommendations 2001)[具有无机主体的有序微孔和中孔材料的结构和组成特征的命名法(IUPAC推荐版2001)]”MicroporousMesoporousMater.[微孔和中孔材料]58:3)。在最简单的形式中,通式可以如下给出:|Mx/n(H2O)y|[Alx Si(t-x)O2t]-LTA,其中,
在大括号(即“||”)之间列出了客体物种并且
在方括号(即“[]”)之间列出了主体骨架,
M代表平衡电荷的阳离子,如Na、K、Ca或Mg,
x是晶胞中骨架Al原子的数量,
n是阳离子电荷,
y是吸附的水分子的数量,
t是晶胞(Al+Si)中骨架四面体原子的总数,并且
在本文作为实例输入的LTA是代码或骨架类型。
通常,增加骨架Si/Al或SiO2/Al2O3的组成使表面选择性从亲水性变为疏水性。可以区分低硅(SiO2/Al2O3<4)、低硅至中硅(4<SiO2/Al2O3<10)、中硅至高硅(10<SiO2/Al2O3<20)和高硅(20<SiO2/Al2O3<200)沸石。
关于SiO2/Al2O3比率,本发明组合物的优选沸石是毛沸石(SiO2/Al2O3 2.1-3.8)、沸石A(SiO2/Al2O3 2.0-6.8)、沸石P(SiO2/Al2O3 2.0-5.0)、沸石X(SiO2/Al2O3 2.0-3.0)、沸石Y(SiO2/Al2O3 3.0-6.0)和丝光沸石(SiO2/Al2O3 9.0-20)。这些沸石在封闭或开放系统中用作干燥剂,即,用于水的静态或动态吸附。
铝硅酸盐骨架中铝的存在引入骨架的负电荷。位于沸石内部体积中的有机或无机阳离子或质子补偿此负电荷。另外,水分子存在于沸石通道中,主要由阳离子或质子配位。通道系统的沸石入口窗口的尺寸和形状与水分子的动力学直径(0.26nm)之间存在直接的关系,其对沸石在干燥中的应用具有重要的影响。通常,具有偶数环的沸石分为以下四类:(1)小孔沸石(具有最高达0.40nm的孔尺寸的8-环),像毛沸石、沸石A和沸石P;(2)中孔沸石(具有最高达0.50-0.60nm的孔尺寸的10-环),像ZSM-5和ZSM-22沸石;(3)大孔沸石(最高达0.75nm的12-环),像丝光沸石、沸石L、沸石X和沸石Y;(4)超大孔沸石(具有约1.0nm的孔尺寸的至少14-环),像沸石CIT-5、UTD-1和ECR-34。
关于孔尺寸,本发明的优选的沸石是沸石A(0.41nm×0.41nm)、沸石P(0.31nm×0.45nm)、沸石X(0.74nm)、沸石Y(0.74nm)和丝光沸石(0.65×0.70nm)。
在优选的实施例中,本发明的组合物的沸石至少部分被脱水或“活化”以提高其在封闭或开放系统中作为干燥剂的吸水容量,即,用于静态或动态吸水。脱水沸石的示例性类型包括沸石A和沸石X。
在一个实施例中,本发明的组合物的沸石从其原始水含量脱水至少5%、至少15%、至少25%、至少35%、至少45%、至少55%、至少65%、至少75%、至少85%、或至少95%。
在一个实施例中,本发明的组合物的沸石不脱水,并且以其天然状态使用。
用于本发明的组合物和方法中的多孔干燥剂的另一优选特定类别是硅藻土(diatomaceous earth/diatomite)。
硅藻土(DE)是生物成因来源的天然存在的矿物成分。它是单细胞植物的微观骨骼硅藻遗骸,在亿万年内沉积在地球湖床和海底上。DE是复杂结构的、高吸收性的且化学惰性的,由几乎纯的二氧化硅构成。将其进行热处理以制造各种粉末状和颗粒状的吸收剂和功能添加剂。DE具有特有的复杂自然形态,具有100-430g/L的典型的低堆积密度,85%的孔隙率,以及15-70m2/g的高表面积(BET)。
用于本发明的组合物中的引人关注的DE添加剂具有至少140kg/100kg DE的吸水容量。示例性的DE添加剂包括由EP MINERALSTM(美国内华达州里诺)以商品名销售的那些,包括MN-2、MN-4、MN-23、MN-47、MN-51、MN-53,MN-84,MP-77、MP-78、MP-79和MP-94。
本领域技术人员已知,存在若干吸附机制,通过所述吸附机制可以在实践中使用沸石、硅藻土和其他干燥剂。这些机制取决于化学和物理骨架(例如,沸石中的Si/Al比)、孔径分布、交换的阳离子和水含量。
清楚地,不是所有的上述干燥剂将满足特定应用的所有标准,但是其至少应该是足够耐热的,以便在至少50℃的温度下不释放多于10%的结合水。超过此最低要求,技术人员可以基于组合物和方法的特定需要、本发明的传授内容和本领域的常识来选择合适的干燥剂。
B.含酶的蛋白质粉末
本发明的组合物和方法与包含至少1%、至少2%、至少3%、至少4%、至少5%、或甚至至少6%的水的非水性蛋白质粉末有关。可以将蛋白质粉末喷雾干燥或以其他方式处理。在一些实施例中,蛋白质粉末是来自发酵罐的经部分干燥的细胞团(cell mass),在所述发酵罐中生长了产生商业相关酶的微生物细胞。此类微生物典型地是细菌性或真菌性的,但是也可以是哺乳动物或植物。在一些实施例中,蛋白质粉末由超滤浓缩物(UFC)或沉淀物或大细胞团制备。在其他实施例中,蛋白质粉末由纯化或部分纯化的蛋白质制备。
C.从使用干燥剂中获益的酶
本发明的组合物和方法可应用于许多不同的酶。示例性酶包括酰基转移酶、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、阿拉伯糖苷酶、芳基酯酶、卡拉胶酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维二糖水解酶、纤维素酶、软骨素酶、角质酶、内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶、内切-β-甘露聚糖酶、酯酶、外切甘露聚糖酶、半乳聚糖酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡聚糖酶、葡糖淀粉酶、半纤维素酶、透明质酸酶、角蛋白酶、漆酶、乳糖酶、木质素酶、脂肪酶、脂肪氧合酶、甘露聚糖酶、氧化酶、氧化还原酶、果胶裂解酶、果胶乙酰酯酶、果胶酶、戊聚糖酶、过水解酶、过氧化物酶、过加氧酶、酚氧化酶、磷酸酶、磷脂酶、植酸酶、聚半乳糖醛酸酶、蛋白酶、支链淀粉酶、还原酶、鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸酶、鞣酸酶、转谷氨酰胺酶、木聚糖乙酰酯酶、木聚糖酶、木葡聚糖酶、木糖苷酶、金属蛋白酶、额外的丝氨酸蛋白酶、及其组合。
蛋白酶的实例包括但不限于枯草杆菌蛋白酶,如衍生自芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的那些(例如枯草杆菌蛋白酶、迟缓芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、枯草杆菌蛋白酶Carlsberg、枯草杆菌蛋白酶309、枯草杆菌蛋白酶147和枯草杆菌蛋白酶168),包括如描述于例如美国专利号RE34,606、5,955,340、5,700,676、6,312,936、以及6,482,628中的变体,所述专利全部通过引用并入本文。额外的蛋白酶包括胰蛋白酶(例如猪或牛来源的)和描述于WO 89/06270中的镰孢菌属(Fusarium)蛋白酶。在一些实施例中,蛋白酶是MAXACALTM、MAXAPEMTM、 OXP、PURAMAXTM、EXCELLASETM、和PURAFASTTM(杜邦工业生物科学公司(DuPont Industrial Biosciences));DURAZYMTM、 和(诺维信公司(Novozymes));BLAPTM和BLAPTM变体(德国杜塞尔多夫市汉高股份有限及两合公司(HenkelKommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien,Duesseldorf,Germany))和KAP(嗜碱芽孢杆菌(B.alkalophilus)枯草杆菌蛋白酶(日本东京市花王公司(Kao Corp.,Tokyo,Japan))中的一种或多种。在WO 95/23221、WO 92/21760、WO 09/149200、WO 09/149144、WO 09/149145、WO 11/072099、WO 10/056640、WO 10/056653、WO 11/140364、WO 12/151534、美国专利公开号2008/0090747以及美国专利号5,801,039、5,340,735、5,500,364、5,855,625、US RE 34,606、5,955,340、5,700,676、6,312,936和6,482,628中描述了额外的蛋白酶。
蛋白酶包括中性金属蛋白酶,包括描述于WO 07/044993和WO 09/058661中的那些。其他示例性金属蛋白酶包括在枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)中表达的重组形式的中性金属蛋白酶nprE(参见例如WO 07/044993)和来自解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefacients)的纯化的中性金属蛋白酶PMN。
脂肪酶包括但不限于绵毛状腐质菌(Humicola lanuginosa)脂肪酶(参见例如EP258 068和EP 305 216);米黑根毛霉(Rhizomucor miehei)脂肪酶(参见例如EP 238 023);假丝酵母属脂肪酶,如南极洲假丝酵母(C.antarctica)脂肪酶(例如南极洲假丝酵母脂肪酶A或B;参见例如,EP 214 761);假单胞菌脂肪酶,如产碱假单胞菌(P.alcaligenes)脂肪酶和假产碱假单胞菌(P.pseudoalcaligenes)脂肪酶(参见例如,EP 218 272);洋葱假单胞菌(P.cepacia)脂肪酶(参见例如,EP 331 376);施氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)脂肪酶(参见例如,GB 1,372,034);萤光假单胞菌(P.fluorescens)脂肪酶;芽孢杆菌属脂肪酶(例如枯草芽孢杆菌脂肪酶(Dartois等人(1993)Biochem.Biophys.Acta[生物化学与生物物理学报]1131:253-260);嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B.stearothermophilus)脂肪酶(参见例如,JP 64/744992);和短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)脂肪酶(参见例如,WO 91/16422))。
额外的脂肪酶包括卡门柏青霉(Penicillium camembertii)脂肪酶(Yamaguchi等人(1991)Gene[基因]103:61-67)、白地霉(Geotricum candidum)脂肪酶(参见,Schimada等人(1989)J.Biochem.[生化杂志]106:383-388)以及各种根霉脂肪酶(如戴尔根霉(R.delemar)脂肪酶(Hass等人(1991)Gene[基因]109:117-113)、雪白根霉(R.niveus)脂肪酶(Kugimiya等人.(1992)Biosci.Biotech.Biochem.[生物科学,生物技术与生物化学]56:716-719)和米根霉(R.oryzae)脂肪酶)。额外的脂肪酶是衍生自门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)的角质酶(参见WO 88/09367)和衍生自豌豆根腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani pisi)的角质酶(WO 90/09446)。WO 11/111143、WO 10/065455、WO 11/084412、WO 10/107560、WO 11/084417、WO 11/084599、WO 11/150157、以及WO 13/033318中描述了各种脂肪酶。在一些实施例中,脂肪酶是M1LIPASETM、LUMA FASTTM、和LIPOMAXTM(杜邦工业生物科学公司);和ULTRA(诺维信公司);和LIPASE PTM“Amano”(日本天野制药株式会社(Amano Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.)中的一种或多种。
淀粉酶包括但不限于细菌或真菌来源的、或甚至哺乳动物来源的那些。许多合适的描述于WO 9510603、WO 9526397、WO 9623874、WO 9623873、WO 9741213、WO 9919467、WO0060060、WO 0029560、WO 9923211、WO 9946399、WO 0060058、WO 0060059、WO 9942567、WO0114532、WO 02092797、WO 0166712、WO 0188107、WO 0196537、WO 0210355、WO 9402597、WO0231124、WO 9943793、WO 9943794、WO 2004113551、WO 2005001064、WO 2005003311、WO0164852、WO 2006063594、WO 2006066594、WO 2006066596、WO 2006012899、WO2008092919、WO 2008000825、WO 2005018336、WO 2005066338、WO 2009140504、WO2005019443、WO 2010091221、WO 2010088447、WO 0134784、WO 2006012902、WO2006031554、WO 2006136161、WO 2008101894、WO 2010059413、WO 2011098531、WO2011080352、WO 2011080353、WO 2011080354、WO 2011082425、WO 2011082429、WO2011076123、WO 2011087836、WO 2011076897、WO 94183314、WO 9535382、WO 9909183、WO9826078、WO 9902702、WO 9743424、WO 9929876、WO 9100353、WO 9605295、WO 9630481、WO9710342、WO 2008088493、WO 2009149419、WO 2009061381、WO 2009100102、WO2010104675、WO 2010117511、WO 2010115021、WO 2013184577、WO 9418314、WO2008112459、WO 2013063460、WO 10115028、WO 2009061380、WO 2009100102、WO2014099523、WO 2015077126A1、WO 2013184577、WO 2014164777、PCT/US 12/70334、PCT/US13/74282、PCT/CN 2013/077294、PCT/CN 2013/077134、PCT/CN 2013/077137、PCT/CN2013/077142、PCT/CN 2012/087135、PCT/US 12/62209、PCT/CN 2013/084808、PCT/CN2013/084809、和PCT/US 14/23458中。可商购的淀粉酶包括但不限于 STAINZYMESTAINZYME和BANTM(诺维信公司),以及POWERASETM、和P、S100、S110、和S1000(杜邦工业生物科学公司)中的一种或多种。
纤维素酶包括但不限于具有颜色护理益处的那些(参见例如EP 0 495 257)。实例包括特异腐质霉(Humicola insolens)纤维素酶(参见例如美国专利号4,435,307)、以及可商购的纤维素酶,如(诺维信公司)、和KAC-500(B)TM(花王公司)、和GOLD(杜邦公司(DuPont))。在一些实施例中,纤维素酶作为成熟野生型或变体纤维素酶的部分或片段掺入,其中N末端的一部分缺失(参见例如美国专利号5,874,276)。额外的合适的纤维素酶包括在WO 2005054475、WO 2005056787、美国专利号7,449,318、和美国专利号7,833,773中发现的那些。
甘露聚糖酶描述于美国专利号6,566,114、6,602,842、5,476和775、6,440,991、以及美国专利申请号61/739267,所有专利全部通过引用并入本文)。可商购的包括但不限于PURABRITETM、和
在一些实施例中,过氧化物酶与过氧化氢或其来源(例如过碳酸盐、过硼酸盐或过硫酸盐)组合用于本传授内容的组合物中,尽可能地。在一些替代性实施例中,氧化酶与氧组合使用。两种类型的酶都用于“溶液漂白”,即当织物在洗涤液中一起洗涤时防止纺织染料从一种染色的织物转移到另一种织物上),优选与增效剂一起使用(参见例如WO 94/12621和WO 95/01426)。合适的过氧化物酶/氧化酶包括但不限于植物、细菌或真菌来源的那些。在一些实施例中包括化学或遗传修饰的突变体。
过水解酶包括来自耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium smegmatis)的酶。此种酶、其酶促特性、其结构、以及其许多变体和同源物详细地描述于国际专利申请公开WO 05/056782A和WO 08/063400A、以及美国专利公开US 2008145353和US 2007167344中,所述专利通过引用并入。在一些实施例中,耻垢分枝杆菌过水解酶、或同源物包括S54V取代。
其他过水解酶包括碳水化合物家族酯酶家族7(CE-7家族)的成员,描述于例如WO2007/070609和美国专利申请公开号2008/0176299、2008/176783、和2009/0005590中。CE-7家族的成员包括头孢菌素C脱乙酰酶(CAH;E.C.3.1.1.41)和乙酰木聚糖酯酶(AXE;E.C.3.1.1.72)。CE-7酯酶家族的成员共享保守的签名基序(Vincent等人,J.Mol.Biol.[分子生物学杂志],330:593-606(2003))。
其他过水解酶包括来自苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)、百脉根中生根瘤菌(Mesorhizobium loti)、牛莫拉氏菌(Moraxella bovis)、根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)、或突柄杆菌dejongeii(Prosthecobacter dejongeii)(WO2005056782)、门多萨假单胞菌(美国专利号5,389,536)、或恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonasputida)(美国专利号5,030,240和5,108,457)的那些。
IV.用于制备颗粒的热熔方法
可以在高温下以多种方式制备热熔颗粒,例如热熔旋转式圆盘雾化(也称为转动圆盘杯雾化)、热熔挤出和喷雾冷却(也称为喷雾冷冻、喷雾凝结和造粒)。(参见,例如,Kiran L.Kadam编辑的Granulation Technology for Bioproducts[生物产品制粒技术],Boca Raton[波卡拉顿],CRC出版社,1991)。可以进一步使用例如流化床涂覆对细粒进行涂覆。
V.本发明的热熔细粒的用途及其制造方法
本发明的组合物和方法提供了用于在热熔制粒过程中稳定酶的商业可行的方法,其中将酶微粒在高至150℃或甚至高至180℃的温度下共混到熔融组合物中。所得热熔颗粒的应用很多,并且包括在洗涤剂组合物、动物饲料、食品、个人护理和农业组合物中的用途。
实例
实例1:通过经由预先干燥粉末来降低酶粉末成分的水活性而在热熔旋转式圆盘雾化中使植酸酶稳定
此实验的主要目的是研究植酸酶粉末水活性对在采用热熔旋转式圆盘雾化的制粒中的酶的热稳定性的影响,所述水活性是与总残留水平衡的游离水或未结合水的量度。喷雾干燥的植酸酶粉末的初始水活性(aw)是0.147。
酶细粒是通过热熔旋转式圆盘雾化方法在矩形室中使用10cm旋转式圆盘生产的。将圆盘安装在距离收集表面4.6m的高度。制粒过程包括将喷雾干燥的酶(即,植酸酶BP17;WO 2008/097619)粉末混合到152℃的含碳酸钙的聚乙烯蜡的均化的熔融制剂中;并将熔融酶制剂分配到圆盘上同时以6,000rpm旋转。从添加到所述熔融制剂的点直至完全分配到圆盘上的酶加工时间长度小于2分钟。雾化的熔融液滴随着它们在室温下从圆盘投射离开固化成细粒,并收集进行分析。在混合之前,通过在真空中加热干燥(配制品A)、在湿度室中润湿(配制品C和D)将原始酶粉末(配制品B)的aw调节至0.068、0.147(原始值)、0.215或0.42的最终aw值。最终混合物含有20%(w/w)的酶、60%(w/w)的非极性低粘度茂金属催化的聚乙烯蜡(PE 4201;科莱恩公司(Clariant Corp.))、20%(w/w)的低粘度高熔点茂金属催化的聚乙烯蜡(PE 5301;科莱恩公司)和20%(w/w)的碳酸钙(GLC-1012;大湖钙公司(Great Lakes Calcium))(以400g批次大小)。
使用用于测量无机磷酸盐的孔雀石绿测定测量所得酶细粒(筛分以选择212-300um尺寸范围)的酶活性(参见,例如,Hwang等人(2015)Delivery of FormulatedIndustrial Enzymes with Acoustic Technology[用声学技术提供配制的工业酶],Journal of Laboratory J Lab Automation[实验室杂志实验室自动化杂志],1-13)。细粒中植酸酶的制粒活性收率(即“测量的”酶活性与“预期的”酶活性的比率)示于下表1中。植酸酶粉末的aw是ad。
表1.植酸酶细粒的制粒活性收率
配制品 | 植酸酶粉末的aw | 植酸酶细粒的aw | 制粒活性收率(%) |
A | 0.068 | 0.118 | 81.4% |
B | 0.147 | 0.207 | 73.1% |
C | 0.215 | 0.267 | 71.7% |
D | 0.420 | 0.418 | 53.5% |
制粒活性收率随酶粉末成分的aw降低而增加。酶细粒的aw与酶粉末成分的aw很好地相关。此实验的结果表明,降低酶粉末成分的水活性可以是在热熔旋转式圆盘雾化中在高至152℃的操作温度下使酶稳定的可行方法。
图1示出了植酸酶细粒的aw值与残留水分含量(干燥失重法)值之间的相关性。对于动物饲料造粒应用,优选的是低的aw(<0.3)和水分含量(<5%,在105℃下干燥失重)。
实例2:通过经由用干燥剂预先干燥和预先共混来降低活性酶成分的水活性而在热熔旋转式圆盘雾化中使植酸酶稳定
此实验的主要目的是研究将酶粉末与不同的基于铝硅酸盐的化合物(包括沸石和硅藻土)预先共混,作为用于降低酶组合物的水活性以提高在用热熔旋转式圆盘雾化的制粒中的酶活性收率的优选方法。表2中列出了此实验中所采用的沸石的化学式。
表2.实例2的实验中测试的沸石的化学式
如实例1中描述的,用热熔旋转式圆盘雾化生产酶细粒。在与铝硅酸盐型干燥剂共混之前,植酸酶粉末的水活性(aw)是0.078-0.092。然后将酶粉末共混物混合到150℃-152℃的含有10%的碳酸钙(在配制品E的情况下20%)的硬脂酸锌的均化的熔融制剂中,并分配到圆盘上,同时以5,800-6,200rpm旋转。所有混合物均含有20%(w/w)的酶和60%(w/w)的硬脂酸锌33(诺锐克公司(Norac))。混合物的剩余20%(w/w)中存在的可变组分示于下表3中。
表3.用热熔旋转式圆盘雾化生产的酶细粒的组成
如在实例1中用孔雀石绿测定测量所得酶细粒(212-300um尺寸范围)的酶活性,并且制粒活性收率示于表3中。
表3.用热熔旋转式圆盘雾化生产的酶细粒的制粒活性收率
*在与干燥剂共混之前
与用KMI沸石或MN-2作为干燥剂制备的组合物相比,含有西格玛-奥德里奇公司沸石(3A型)的组合物示出更高的制粒活性收率。值得注意的是,含有西格玛-奥德里奇公司沸石(3A型)的酶细粒的aw明显低于其他组合物。用植酸酶粉末和3A沸石粉末的物理干共混物的实验示出,将两份酶与1份沸石共混后,植酸酶粉末的aw和水分含量快速下降至分别小于0.005和小于0.3%。当将酶/沸石(2:1w/w)共混物在封闭的容器中在正常室温下保持最多达7天(实验持续时间)时,这些aw值和水分值得以保持。热熔制粒实验的结果表明,通过将粉末与铝硅酸盐干燥剂预先共混来降低酶粉末成分的水活性可以是在热熔旋转式圆盘雾化中在高至152℃的操作温度下使酶稳定的可行方法。
Claims (38)
1.一种热熔制粒获得的酶细粒,所述酶细粒包含微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物,所述混合物具有小于0.15的水活性,其中所述干燥剂在高于50℃的温度下不释放多于10%的结合水,其中,所述干燥剂包含具有小于或等于20的SiO2/Al2O3比率的沸石。
2.如权利要求1所述的细粒,其中,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.10的水活性。
3.如权利要求1所述的细粒,其中,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.08的水活性。
4.如权利要求1所述的细粒,其中,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.05的水活性。
5.如权利要求1所述的细粒,其中,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.01的水活性。
6.如权利要求1所述的细粒,其中,所述微粒状酶粉末和干燥剂的混合物保持小于0.005的水活性。
7.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述干燥剂在低于180℃的温度下不释放多于10%的结合水。
8.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在0.1:10(w/w)至10:0.1(w/w)之间。
9.如权利要求8所述的细粒,其中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在0.1:5(w/w)至5:0.1(w/w)之间。
10.如权利要求8所述的细粒,其中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在0.1:1(w/w)至1:0.1(w/w)之间。
11.如权利要求8所述的细粒,其中,酶粉末与干燥剂的比率是在2:1(w/w)至4:1(w/w)之间。
12.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有小于4的SiO2/Al2O3比率的低硅沸石。
13.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有在4与10之间的SiO2/Al2O3比率的低硅至中硅沸石。
14.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有在10与20之间的SiO2/Al2O3比率的中硅至高硅沸石。
15.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有小于1.0nm的孔的沸石。
16.如权利要求15所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有小于0.75nm的孔的沸石。
17.如权利要求15所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有小于0.60nm的孔的沸石。
18.如权利要求15所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是具有小于0.40nm的孔的沸石。
19.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是活化沸石,其中所述活化沸石被脱水至其原始水含量的至少5%。
20.如前述权利要求19所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是活化沸石,其中所述活化沸石被脱水至其原始水含量的至少50%。
21.如前述权利要求19所述的细粒,其中,所述沸石是活化沸石,其中所述活化沸石被脱水至其原始水含量的至少95%。
22.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,其中,所述干燥剂还包含硅藻土(DE)。
23.如权利要求22所述的细粒,其中,所述干燥剂是具有在室温下至少140g水/100g DE的吸水容量的硅藻土(DE)。
24.如权利要求22所述的细粒,其中,所述干燥剂是具有在室温下至少180g水/100g DE的吸水容量的硅藻土(DE)。
25.如权利要求22所述的细粒,其中,所述干燥剂是具有在室温下至少200g水/100g DE的吸水容量的硅藻土(DE)。
26.如权利要求22所述的细粒,其中,所述干燥剂具有在50℃下至少20g水/100g干燥剂的吸水容量。
27.如前述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的细粒,所述细粒进一步包含有色的饱和指示剂。
28.一种洗涤剂、动物饲料、食品、个人护理或农业组合物,其包含如权利要求1-27中任一项所述的细粒。
29.一种用于减少热熔制粒获得的细粒中酶的水介导降解和/或失活的方法,所述细粒包含微粒状的含酶粉末,所述方法包括在制粒之前向所述含酶粉末中添加干燥剂以产生在制粒之前具有小于0.3的水活性的微粒状酶混合物,其中所述干燥剂在高于50℃的温度下不释放多于10%的结合水,所述干燥剂包含具有小于或等于20的SiO2/Al2O3比率的沸石。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.15。
31.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.10。
32.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.08。
33.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.05。
34.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.01。
35.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中,在制粒之前,所述微粒状酶混合物的水活性小于0.005。
36.如权利要求29-35中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述干燥剂在低于180℃的温度下不释放多于10%的结合水。
37.如权利要求29-35中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向所述含酶粉末中添加硅藻土。
38.如权利要求29-35中任一项所述的方法,其中所述干燥剂如权利要求2-27中任一项所述定义。
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CN111742041A (zh) | 2020-10-02 |
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