JP3678309B2 - 突然変異α−アミラーゼ、洗剤、皿洗い剤及び液化剤 - Google Patents

突然変異α−アミラーゼ、洗剤、皿洗い剤及び液化剤 Download PDF

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JP3678309B2
JP3678309B2 JP50389894A JP50389894A JP3678309B2 JP 3678309 B2 JP3678309 B2 JP 3678309B2 JP 50389894 A JP50389894 A JP 50389894A JP 50389894 A JP50389894 A JP 50389894A JP 3678309 B2 JP3678309 B2 JP 3678309B2
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スベンドセン,アラン
ビスゲーズ−フランツェン,ヘンリック
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Description

本発明は突然変異α−アミラーゼ、洗剤、皿洗い剤及び液化剤を含んで成る。
1又は複数個のメチオニンがシステインに突然変異又は化学修飾型システインに変異した、向上した酸化安定性を有する突然変異アミラーゼがWO91/16423に記載されている。この分野における研究の理由は、WO91/16423により詳しく説明されている通り、洗剤及び皿洗い剤中の強力な酸化剤の存在に基づく、洗剤及び皿洗い剤のための添加剤としての酸化安定性α−アミラーゼについての必要性にある。
酸化剤の存在下での従来技術の突然変異アミラーゼの活性レベル及び安定性は改善に向い、そしてそれ故、本発明の目的は、酸化剤の存在下での従来技術の突然変異アミラーゼに比して向上した活性レベル及び向上した安定性を有する突然変異α−アミラーゼの提供にある。本明細書において、「酸化剤の存在下での安定性」なる語は、α−アミラーゼ製品の貯蔵中の、並びにα−アミラーゼ含有洗剤及びα−アミラーゼ含有皿洗い剤の貯蔵中の貯蔵安定性と、洗濯工程又は皿洗い工程中の洗浄溶液又は皿洗い溶液中の安定性との両者、そして更には例えば織物工業中の脱糊化中の過酸化水素又はその他の漂白剤の存在下でのデンプンの加水分解中のα−アミラーゼの安定性を意味する。
本発明に係る突然α−アミラーゼは、1又は複数個のメチオニンアミノ酸残基がCys及びMetを除く任意のアミノ酸残基で交換されていることを特徴とする。従って、発明に従うと、このメチオニンアミノ酸残基に置き代わるアミノ酸残基は下記の通りである:Ala,Arg,Asn,Asp,Gln,Glu,Gly,His,Ile,Leu,Lys,Phe,Pro,Ser,Thr,Trp,Tyr及びVal。
驚くべきことに、本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼは酸化剤の存在下において従来術の突然変異α−アミラーゼよりも良好な活性レベル及び良好な安定性を示す。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの好適な態様は、このα−アミラーゼがバチルス(Bacillus)α−アミラーゼであることを特徴とする。バチルスα−アミラーゼはそれ自体、高い熱的安定性を示し、そして本発明に従って突然変異していることにより、特に酸化剤の存在下で、この突然変異体はより良好な安定性を示す。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの好適な態様は、このα−アミラーゼがB.リシェニホルミス(B.licheniformis)α−アミラーゼ、B.アミロリケファシエンス(B.amyloliquefaicens)α−アミラーゼ、B.ステアロサーモフィルス(B.stearothermophilus)α−アミラーゼ、Asp.オリザ(Asp.oryzae)α−アミラーゼ又はAsp.ニガー(Asp.niger)α−アミラーゼであることを特徴とする。これらのα−アミラーゼは全て十分に特性化されており、そしてそれらの全アミノ酸配列は開示されている。FR 2665178に記載のB.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼと、23位においてリジン残基の代わりにアルギニン残基を示していることを除き同一であるα−アミラーゼも、本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼにとっての基礎であるα−アミラーゼに属するものと解する。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの好適な態様は、このα−アミラーゼが、下記の突然変異α−アミラーゼに対して少なくとも60%の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を示していることを特徴とする:バチルスα−アミラーゼ、好ましくはB.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼ、B.アミロリケファシエンスα−アミラーゼ及びB.ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼ、そして更にはアスペルギルス ニガー(Aspergillus niger)α−アミラーゼ。この突然変異α−アミラーゼの群全体が酸化剤の存在下で満足たる安定性を示すことが認められている。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの好適な態様は、1又は複数個のメチオニンアミノ酸残基が、Leu,Thr,Ala,Gly,Ser,Ile又はAspアミノ酸残基、好ましくはLeu,Thr,Ala又はGlyアミノ酸残基により交換されていることを特徴とする。この態様において、酸化剤の存在下での非常に満足たる活性レベル及び安定性が獲得される。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの好適な態様は、B.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼにおける197位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基又はその他のα−アミラーゼにおける相同位(homologous position)のメチオニンアミノ酸残基が交換されていることを特徴とする。相同位又はα−アミラーゼの配列相同性の概念は、例えばNakajima,R.ら、1986,Appl.Microbiol,Biotechnol.23,355-360及びLiisa Holmら、1990,Protein Engineering 3,181-191の中に説明されている。B.リシェニホルミス、B.ステアロサーモフィルス及びB.アミロリケファシエンス由来のバチルスα−アミラーゼの配列相同性は約60%である。このことは、配列中の相同位にある残基を対比するために配列を整合させることを可能にする。α−アミラーゼ配列のかかる整合により、各α−アミラーゼ配列における相同性残基の数が見い出せうる。相同位はおそらくは空間的に、三次元構造において同一に位置にあり(Greer,J.,1981,J.Mol. Biol.153,1027-1042)、それ故課題の酵素の特異的な機能に対して類似の影響を及ぼしているであろう。B.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼの中の197位に対し、ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼにおける相同位は200及び206位であり、そしてB.アミロケファシエンスα−アミラーゼにおける相同位は197位である。実験的に、これらの突然変異体は酸化剤の存在下で向上した活性レベル及び向上した安定性の両方を示すことが認められた。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの好適な態様は、B.ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼにおける200及び206位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基の一方もしくは両者が、又はその他のα−アミラーゼにおける相同位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基が交換されていることを特徴とする。B.ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼにおける200及び206位に対し、B.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼの相同位は197であり、そしてB.アミロリケファシエンスα−アミラーゼの相同位は197位である。実験的に、これらの突然変異体は酸化剤の存在下で向上した活性レベル及び向上した安定性の両方を示すことが認められた。また、本発明は洗剤を含んで成り、これは本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼを含んで成ることを特徴とする。従って、本発明に従うと、突然変異α−アミラーゼは洗剤組成物の成分として加えることができうる。かかる場合、それは洗剤添加剤の形で洗剤組成物に含ませてよい。この洗剤組成物及び洗剤添加剤は更に、洗剤に通常利用されている1又は数種のその他の酵素、例えばプロテアーゼ、リパーゼ、セルラーゼ、オキシダーゼ又はペルオキシダーゼを含んで成りうる。
特別な観点において、本発明は洗剤添加剤を提供する。酵素は、1もしくは数種の酵素を含む独立添加剤を加えることにより、又はこれらの酵素全てを含んで成る組合せ添加剤を加えることにより、洗剤組成物の中に含ませることができうる。
好ましくは、洗剤添加剤、即ち、独立型添加剤又は組合せ型添加剤は、顆粒、好ましくは無塵性顆粒、液体、特に安定化液体、スラリーの形態で、又は保護形態で提供する。
無塵性顆粒は例えばUS4,106,991及びUS4,661,452(共に、Novo Industri A/S)に開示の通りに製造されることができ、そして当業界に公知の方法によって任意的にコートされうる。洗剤酵素は粒状化の前又は後に混合せしめてよい。
液体酵素調製品は、例えばポリオール、例えばプロピレングリコール、糖又は糖アルコール、乳酸又は硼酸を、樹立された方法に従って加えることにより安定化されうる。
保護化酵素はEP238,216Aに開示の方法に従って調製されうる。本発明の洗剤組成物は任意の慣用の形態、例えば粉末、顆粒又は液体であってよい。液体洗剤は水性であってよく、典型的には90%までの水及び0〜20%の有機溶媒を含む。
この洗剤組成物は界面活性剤を含んで成り、その界面活性剤はアニオン、非イオン、カチオン、両性又はこれらのタイプの混合であってよい。洗剤は通常0〜50%のアニオン界面活性剤、例えば線形アルキルベンゼンスルホネート(LAS)、アルファーオレフィンスルホネート(AOS)、アルキルスルフェート(AS)、アルコールエトキシスルフェート(AES)又は石けんを含むであろう。これは0〜40%の非イオン性界面活性剤、例えばノニルフェノールエトキシレート又はアルコールエトキシレートをも含みうる。更に、これはポリヒドロキシ脂肪酸アミド界面活性剤(例えばWO92/06154に記載)を含みうる。
pH(水性洗剤溶液において測定)は通常中性又はアルカリ性、例えば7〜11であろう。この洗剤は1〜40%の洗浄ビルダー、例えばゼオライト、ホスフェート、ホスホネート、クエン酸塩、NTA,EDTAもしくはDTPA、無水コハク酸アルケニルもしくはシリケートを含みうるか、又は無ビルト(即ち、本質的に洗浄ビルダーを含まない)であってよい。これはその他の慣用の洗浄成分、例えば布帛コンディショナー、発泡促進剤、漂白剤、例えば過硼素酸塩、過炭酸塩、テトラアセチルエチレンジアミン(TAED)、又はノナノイルオキシベンゼンスルホネート(NOBS)、耐汚み剤、土壌懸濁剤、耐鎖剤、耐汚み再付着剤(anti-soil redeposition agents)、酵素にとっての安定剤、発泡抑制剤、染料、殺生物剤、蛍光増白剤又は香料も含みうる。
本発明の範囲に属する洗剤組成物の特定の形態には下記のものが含まれる:
a)ホスフェートビルダー、アニオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、シリケート、使用中に所望のpHへと調整するアルカリ、及び中性無機塩を含む洗剤粉末として配合された洗剤組成物。
b)ゼオライトビルダー、アニオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、アクリル又は同価(equivalent)ポリマー、シリケート、使用中に所望のpHへと調整するアルカリ、及び中性無機塩を含む洗剤粉末として配合された洗剤組成物。
c)アニオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、保湿剤、有機酸、アルカリを含んで成る、使用中のpHが7〜10.5の値に調整されている水性洗剤液体として配合された洗剤組成物。
d)線形アルコキシル化第一アルコールより本質的に成る液体非イオン界面活性剤、ホスフェートビルダー、アルカリを含んで成る、使用中のpHが7〜10.5の値に調整されている非水性洗剤液体として配合された洗剤組成物。
e)アニオン界面活性剤及び非イオン界面活性剤、低又は実質的に0の中性無機塩、ホスフェートビルダー及び珪酸ナトリウムを含む、少なくとも600g/lのバルク密度を有する顆粒形態における洗剤粉末として配合された洗剤組成物。
f)アニオン界面活性剤及び非イオン界面活性剤、低又は実質的に0の中性無機塩、ゼオライトビルダー及び珪酸ナトリウムを含む、少なくとも600g/lのバルク密度を有する顆粒形態における洗剤粉末として配合された洗剤組成物。
g)アニオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、アクリルポリマー、脂肪酸石けん、炭酸ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、粘土粒子及び珪酸ナトリウムを含む洗剤粉末として配合された洗剤組成物。
h)5〜65重量%の界面活性剤、0〜50重量%のビルダー及び0〜30重量%の電解質を含んで成る液体コンパクト洗剤。
現状、本発明の洗剤組成物において、突然変異α−アミラーゼは洗浄液のリッター当り0.001〜100mgの酵素に相当する量で加えられうることが考えられる。
また、本発明は皿洗い剤を含んで成り、これは本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼを含んで成ることを特徴とする。皿洗い剤製剤は全て本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼと組合せて使用されうる。
本発明に係る洗剤及び本発明に係る皿洗い剤は共に、活性化剤、漂白剤又は酸化性酵素でありうる酸化剤を含んで成りうる。漂白剤は塩素含有剤、好ましくは次亜塩素酸塩(hypochlorit)発生剤、過炭酸塩又は過硼酸塩でありうる。
また、本発明は液化剤を含んで成り、これは本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼを含んで成ることをと特徴とする。驚くべきことに、本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼは、酸化剤の存在下での向上した安定性の他に、緩やかに低いpH値での向上した熱活性をも有し、これは液化剤にとっては非常に有利である。この向上した熱活性についての実証は以降に示す。
Journal of Biological Chemistry,第260巻、No.11,頁6518-6521より、化学酸化を受け易いタンパク質中の臨界残基を改変するために部位特異的突然変異誘発を採用することができ、そしてメチオニン222がスブチリシンの酸化的不活性化にとっての主要部位であることが明らかとされている。しかしながら、この文献は、α−アミラーゼの突然変異体については述べておらず、一方、本発明はα−アミラーゼの突然変異体に厳しく限定される。
B.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼについてのアミノ酸配列はJ.Bacteriol.166,635-643,1986,FR 2665178又はEP 410498より明らかである。即ち、メチオニンの番号は:8,15,197,256,304,366及び438である。
B.アミロリケファシエンスα−アミラーゼについてのアミノ酸配列はJ.Biol.Chem258,1007-1013,1983より明らかである。即ち、メチオニン番号は:6,197,256,304,366及び438である。
B.ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼについてのアミノ酸配列はJ.Bacteriol.166,635-643,1986より明らかである。即ち、メチオニン番号は:8,9,97,200,206,284,307,311,316及び437である。
Asp.オリザα−アミラーゼ(FUNGAMYL(商標)としてNovo Nordisk A/Sより市販)についてのアミノ酸配列は以下の通りである:
Figure 0003678309
組 成
Figure 0003678309
即ち、メチオニンの番号は:55,112,115,123,246,269,275,396及び455である。
Asp.ニガーα−アミラーゼについてのアミノ酸配列はDK特許出願第5126/87より明らかである、即ち、メチオニンの番号は:55,112,115,123,161,275,396及び455である。
交換パターンが遺伝子工学に基づいて決定されたら、タンパク質は従来技術の方法に従って任意の発明的努力なしで合成できうる。
FR2665178はB.リシェニホルミス由来のα−アミラーゼの熱安定性変異体を述べている。ところで、この変異体は、メチオニン交換を含まないが、ヒスチジン133の近くに交換を含み、そしてまた、この従来技術のα−アミラーゼの酸化的安定性は本発明に係るα−アミラーゼ突然変異体の酸化的安定性に比して劣る。
本発明に係る突然変異α−アミラーゼの驚くべき性質、例えば酸化剤の存在下での向上した活性レベル及び向上した安定性についての実証を下記に示す。
酸化剤の存在下での向上した安定性についての実証
下記に示す様々なTermamyl(商標)突然変異体を有する未処理の濾過培養液を50mMのBritton-RobinsonバッファーpH9.0の中に100NU/mlのアミラーゼ活性(NUアミラーゼ活性単位は、
Figure 0003678309
デンマーク国より注文に応じて入手できるAF 207/1において定義付けされている)に希釈し、そして40℃でインキュベートした。次にH2O2を200mMの濃度となるまで加え、そしてそのpHを9.0に再調整した。その活性を15秒後、並びに5,15及び30分後に測定した。その結果は下記の表1より明らかとなり、それにおいてはアミラーゼ突然変異体は1文字アミノ酸システムによって示している。即ち、M197Aは、197位のメチオニンがアラニンで交換されているTermamyl(商標)突然変異体を意味する。表1より、従来技術のシステイン突然変異体(M197C)はTermamyl(商標)の安定性よりも低い、非常に低い安定性を示すことが明らかとされた。
下記の表1における値は、活性の指標として採用するOD620吸収値である。
Figure 0003678309
酸化剤の存在下での向上した活性レベルについての実証
全ての突然変異体を均一となるまで精製し、そして吸収A280をタンパク質含有量の指標として得た。精製サンプルを、Termamyl(商標)に関して4NU/mlに相当する0.0014のA280値となるまで希釈した。これらの状況下で、各突然変異体の比活性を強酸化剤(過酢酸)の存在下及び対照としての強酸化剤の非存在下で測定した。活性はAF207/1に記載の通りに決定したが、ただしpH7.3、37℃の代わりにpH9.0、60℃で立てた標準曲線を用いた。標準曲線における対照としてTermamyl(商標)を使用した。従って、活性単位はNU*として示している。比活性の値を示す表2から明らかな通り、コントロールに比して、強酸化剤を含んで成る環境における活性レベルはTermamyl(商標)と比べたときに全ての突然変異体に関して優れていた。
Figure 0003678309
緩やかに低いpH値での向上した熱活性化についての実証
Termamyl(商標)変異体M197A及びM197T並びにTermamyl(商標)それぞれを均一となるまで精製し、そして50mMのBritton-Robinsonバッファー中でA280に従って希釈を行った。希釈はA620吸収値がAf207/1に記載のPhasebasアッセイにおいて測定して0.5と2との間になるように行った。対応のpH値を4と10.5との間の指定のpH値に調整した。A620値の測定後、全ての結果をA620単位/A280(酵素含量)に調整した。表3参照のこと。
下記の表3の中の値はA620吸収であり、それらは活性の指標として解される。
Figure 0003678309
洗剤の存在下での擬似粒(pseudo prill)としての突然変異体の向上した貯蔵安定性についての実証
精製突然変異体サンプルを凍結乾燥した。洗剤及び75℃の高温Berol 08を強く撹拌しながら加えた。ワックスの硬化後、その生成物を冷蔵庫に移し、そして数時間後、その生成物を破砕し、そして洗剤と混合した。
貯蔵は密閉バイアルの中で37℃で行った。
下記の条件下での貯蔵後の残留活性のパーセンテージを下記の表4に示す。
Figure 0003678309
洗剤組成物:
9%の過硼酸ナトリウム一水和物
6%のTAED
2%のAEO
25%の二珪酸ナトリウム
2.0%のホスホネート
1.2%のポリカルボキシレート
30%のクエン酸三ナトリウム
14.8%の炭酸ナトリウム
10%の硫酸ナトリウム
洗剤スラリー中の突然変異体の向上した安定性についての実証
精製突然変異体のサンプルを、5重量%のADD(ADDは自動皿洗い器洗剤の略語である)洗剤の懸濁物中の1mg/mlのタンパク質濃度で30℃でインキュベートし、そしてpHを10.5に調整した。ADDは酸化剤(過硼酸ナトリウム)及びTAEDを含む。
様々な突然変異体の活性の低下を270分間追跡した。
インキュベーション中のパーセント残留活性を表5に示す(「0」分は洗剤懸濁物の添加後の最初の測定である)。
Figure 0003678309

Claims (7)

  1. B.リシェニホルミスα−アミラーゼもしくはB.アミロリケファシエンスα−アミラーゼにおける197位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基又はB.ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼにおける相同位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基がCys及びMetを除く任意のアミノ酸残基により交換されていることを特徴とする、突然変異α−アミラーゼ。
  2. メチオニンアミノ酸残基が、Leu,Thr,Ala,Gly,Ser,Ile又はAspアミノ酸残基により交換されていることを特徴とする、請求項1項記載の突然変異α−アミラーゼ。
  3. メチオニンアミノ酸残基が、Leu,Thr,Ala又はGlyアミノ酸残基により交換されていることを特徴とする、請求項2記載の突然変異α−アミラーゼ。
  4. B.ステアロサーモフィルスα−アミラーゼにおける200及び206位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基の一方もしくは両者における相同位のメチオニンアミノ酸残基が交換されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の突然変異α−アミラーゼ。
  5. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の突然変異α−アミラーゼを含んで成ることを特徴とする洗剤。
  6. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の突然変異α−アミラーゼを含んで成ることを特徴とする皿洗い剤。
  7. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の突然変異α−アミラーゼを含んで成ることを特徴とする液化剤。
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FI950263A0 (fi) 1995-01-20
EP0651794B1 (en) 2009-09-30
FI120098B (fi) 2009-06-30
KR950702624A (ko) 1995-07-29
WO1994002597A1 (en) 1994-02-03
KR100294361B1 (ko) 2001-09-17
EP0651794A1 (en) 1995-05-10

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