CN107429389A - 形成含硅膜的组合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
形成含硅膜的组合物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107429389A CN107429389A CN201680016301.0A CN201680016301A CN107429389A CN 107429389 A CN107429389 A CN 107429389A CN 201680016301 A CN201680016301 A CN 201680016301A CN 107429389 A CN107429389 A CN 107429389A
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- silicon
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910003828 SiH3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 255
- OLRJXMHANKMLTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl Chemical compound [SiH3] OLRJXMHANKMLTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 250
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 247
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 32
- -1 mono-substituted trimethylsilyl Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- XMIJDTGORVPYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH2] Chemical compound [SiH2] XMIJDTGORVPYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910003946 H3Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KOOADCGQJDGAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(dimethyl)silyl]methane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N KOOADCGQJDGAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 8
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000001505 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VEYJKODKHGEDMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(trichlorosilyl)silicon Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl VEYJKODKHGEDMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- FXMNVBZEWMANSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(silyl)silane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2]Cl FXMNVBZEWMANSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical class CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FXOCTISBMXDWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(silyl)silane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH](Cl)Cl FXOCTISBMXDWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYFXMIAQVGXIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(chlorosilyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2][Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl VYFXMIAQVGXIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNAPJAGHXMPFLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodosilane Chemical compound I[SiH](I)I DNAPJAGHXMPFLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/0228—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
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Abstract
披露了经单取代的TSA前体的、形成含硅膜的组合物。这些前体具有式:(SiH3)2N‑SiH2‑X,其中X是选自卤素原子;异氰酸酯基;氨基;含N的C4‑C10饱和或不饱和杂环;或烷氧基。还披露了使用所披露的经单取代的TSA前体形成含硅膜的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年6月12日提交的美国申请号14/738,039及2015年3月30日提交的美国临时申请号62/140,248号的权益,两者均以全文引用的方式通过引用结合在此用于所有目的。
技术领域
披露了包含经单取代的三甲硅烷基胺前体的形成含硅膜的组合物;其合成方法;及使用用于制造半导体、光伏材料、LCD-TFT、平板型装置、耐火材料或航空材料的气相沉积法、使用这些组合物沉积含硅膜的方法。
背景技术
已使用多种含硅前体、通过气相沉积法在各种基板上沉积含硅薄膜。选择适合硅前体及适当时选择共反应物通常根据以下来决定:目标膜组合物及特性,以及其上待沉积膜的基板所带来的限制。一些基板可能需要低温沉积方法。例如,在经有机膜涂布的塑料基板或硅基板上沉积可能需要沉积温度低于100℃(亦即20℃-100℃),同时维持工业上所关注的合理沉积速率。此类膜不仅可以作为空间定义的平版印刷应用于半导体制造,而且用于密封有机发光二极管(OLED)装置或在膜上产生水分扩散阻挡。对不同温度范围的类似限制显现于半导体制造的不同步骤中,诸如金属、栅极隔片等上的封盖层。
DNF有限公司的WO 2015/190749披露了氨基-甲硅烷基胺化合物及使用原子层沉积法制造含有Si-N键的介电膜的方法。Sanchez及Girard的WO 2015/047914披露了经胺取代的三甲硅烷基胺及三-二甲硅烷基胺化合物。DNF有限公司的US 2014/0363985披露了氨基-甲硅烷基胺化合物、其制备方法及使用其制备含硅薄膜的方法。Cruse等人的US5413813披露了在反应器内表面上尤其使用R3Si-N(X)-SiR3的的硅类陶瓷材料的CVD,其中每个R为H、C1-20烷基、卤素(优选地是Cl)或NR2且X为H、Li或SiR3。空气产品和化学品公司(Air Products and Chemicals)的US 2014/0158580 A描述了烷氧基甲硅烷基胺化合物及其应用。同属空气产品和化学品公司的US 7,122,222披露了用于沉积含硅膜的前体及其方法。WO 2013/058061中所披露的硅氮烷化合物N-(SiR1R2R3)mR4 3-m用作涂布气体。US 5,332,853中所披露的(RR1R2Ma)yA(R3)x作为催化化合物用于产生官能化烷基碱金属化合物。类似专利包括US 5663398A、US 5332853A、US 5340507 A、EP 525881 A1。
使用基于气相的沉积方法(诸如CVD或ALD)(就所有可能的意义而言,诸如LPCVD、SACVD、PECVD、PEALD等)的行业仍寻求在其应用中理想的前体,亦即在其工艺、基板及膜目标的局限范围内具有最高可能沉积速率的前体。
发明内容
披露了形成含硅膜的组合物,其包含具有式(SiH3)2NSiH2-X的经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为选自Cl、Br或I的卤素原子;异氰酸酯基[-NCO];氨基[-NR1R2];含N的C4-C10饱和或不饱和杂环;或烷氧基[-O-R];R1、R2及R独立地选自H、甲硅烷基[-SiR'3];或C1-C6直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烃基;其中每个R'独立地选自H;选自Cl、Br或I的卤素原子;C1-C4饱和或不饱和烃基;C1-C4饱和或不饱和烷氧基;或氨基[-NR3R4],其中每个R3及R4独立地选自H及C1-C6直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烃基,其前提是若R1=H,则R2≠H、Me或Et。所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物可包括一个或多个以下方面:
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为卤素原子;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Cl;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Br;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-I;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为异氰酸酯-NCO(亦即为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NCO);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为氨基[-NR1R2];
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NMe2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NMeEt;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHiPr;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NMeiPr;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEtiPr;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHtBu;
●经单取代的TSA前体不为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHEt))(亦即当X=NR1R2且R1为SiH3且R2为NHEt时);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为-N(SiR3)2,其中每个R独立地选自卤素、H或C1-C4烷基;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiCl3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiBr3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiI3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2Cl);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NEt2);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NiPr2);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHtBu);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2OEt);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2OiPr);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiMe3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NH(SiMe3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiEt3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe2Et)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe2iPr)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe2nPr)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为含N的C4-C10杂环;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中含N的C4-C10杂环是选自吡咯烷、吡咯及哌啶;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(吡咯烷);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(吡咯);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(哌啶);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为烷氧基[-O-R];
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OH);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OMe);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OEt);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OiPr);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OnPr);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OtBu);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为-O-SiR3且每个R独立地选自H、卤素或C1-C4烃基;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiH3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiCl3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiBr3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiI3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiMe3);
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约95%w/w与约100%w/w之间的前体;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约5%w/w与约50%w/w之间的前体;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Al;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的As;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Ba;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Be;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Bi;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Cd;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Ca;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Cr;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Co;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Cu;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Ga;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Ge;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Hf;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Zr;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的In;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Fe;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Pb;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Li;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Mg;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Mn;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的W;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Ni;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的K;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Na;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Sr;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Th;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Sn;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Ti;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的U;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的V;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppbw与约500ppbw之间的Zn;
●形成含硅膜的有机硅烷组合物包含约0ppmw与约500ppmw之间的Cl;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppmw与约500ppmw之间的Br;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0ppmw与约500ppmw之间的I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的TSA;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的(SiH3)2-N-SiH2X,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的(SiH3)2-N-SiHX2,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的SiH4;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的SiH3X,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的SiH2X2,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的SnX2,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的SnX4,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的HX,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的NH3;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的NH4X,其中X为Cl、Br或I;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的ROH,其中R为C1-C4烷基;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的NH2R,其中R为C1-C4烷基;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的NR2H,其中R为C1-C4烷基;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的HN=R,其中R为C1-C4烷基;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的四氢呋喃(THF);
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的乙醚;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的戊烷;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的环己烷;
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的庚烷;或
●形成含硅膜的组合物包含在约0.0%w/w与0.1%w/w之间的甲苯。
还披露了形成含硅膜的组合物递送装置,其包含具有入口管及出口管的罐且含有上文所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物中的任一个。所披露的装置可包括一个或多个以下方面:
●形成含硅膜的组合物具有小于10ppmw的总金属污染物浓度;
●入口管端的一端位于形成含硅膜的组合物表面上且出口管的一端位于形成含硅膜的组合物表面下;
●入口管端的一端位于形成含硅膜的组合物表面下且出口管的一端位于形成含硅膜的组合物表面上;
●另外包含位于入口及出口的隔膜阀;
●形成含硅膜的组合物为(H3Si)2N-SiH2(NEt2);
●形成含硅膜的组合物为(H3Si)2N-SiH2(NiPr2);
●形成含硅膜的组合物为(H3Si)2N-SiH2Cl;并且
●形成含硅膜的组合物为(H3Si)2N-SiH2(N(SiMe3)2。
还披露了在基板上沉积含硅层的方法。将上文披露的组合物引入其中安置有基板的反应器中。使用气相沉积法使经单取代的TSA前体的至少一部分在基板上沉积以形成含硅层。所披露的方法可具有一个或多个以下方面:
●向反应器中引入包含第二前体的蒸气;
●第二前体的元素选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:第2族、第13族、第14族、过渡金属、镧系元素及其组合;
●第二前体的元素选自As、B、P、Si、Ge、Al、Zr、Hf、Ti、Nb、Ta或镧系元素;
●将反应物引入反应器中;
●反应物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:O2、O3、H2O、H2O2、NO、NO2、羧酸、醇、二醇、其自由基(radical),及其组合;
●反应物为经等离子体处理的氧;
●含硅层为含氧化硅层;
●反应物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:N2、H2、NH3、肼(诸如N2H4、MeHNNH2、MeHNNHMe)、有机胺(诸如NMeH2、NEtH2、NMe2H、NEt2H、NMe3、NEt3、(SiMe3)2NH)、吡唑啉、吡啶、二胺(诸如乙二胺)、其自由基物质,及其混合物;
●气相沉积法为化学气相沉积法;
●气相沉积法为ALD方法;
●气相沉积法为空间ALD方法;
●气相沉积方法为流动CVD方法;
●含硅层为Si;
●含硅层为SiO2;
●含硅层为SiN;
●含硅层为SiON;
●含硅层为SiOC;
●含硅层为SiOCN;
●含硅层为SiCN;
●对含硅层进行热退火;
●在反应氛围下对含硅层进行热退火;
●对含硅层进行UV固化;并且
●对含硅层进行电子束固化。
还披露了通过如下方法形成的氮掺杂的氧化硅膜:将包括经单取代的TSA前体的蒸气引入含有基板的反应器中以在基板上形成含硅层;通过将氧化剂引入反应器中来使该氧化剂与该含硅层发生反应以形成氧化含硅层;通过将经单取代的TSA前体引入反应器中来使经单取代的TSA前体与该氧化含硅层发生反应以形成富硅的氧化含硅层;及通过将含氮反应物引入反应器中来使该含氮反应物与该含硅层发生反应以形成氮掺杂的氧化硅膜。经单取代的TSA前体具有式(SiH3)2N-SiH2-X,其中X是选自从Cl、Br或I中选择的卤素原子,异氰酸酯基[-NCO],氨基[-NR1R2],含N的C4-C10饱和或不饱和杂环或烷氧基[-O-R];R1、R2和R各自选自H,C1-C6直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烃基,或甲硅烷基SiR'3,其中每个R'独立地选自H,选自Cl、Br或I的卤素原子,C1-C4饱和或不饱和烃基、C1-C4饱和或不饱和烷氧基或氨基-NR3R4,其中每个R3及R4选自H或C1-C6直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烃基,其前提是若R1=H,则R2≠H或Me。制造所披露的氮掺杂的氧化硅膜的方法可包括一个或多个以下方面:
●在各引入步骤之间,用惰性气体吹扫反应器;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为卤素原子;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Cl;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Br;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-I;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为异氰酸酯-NCO(亦即为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NCO);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为氨基[-NR1R2];
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHiPr;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHtBu;
●经单取代的TSA前体不为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHEt))(亦即当X=NR1R2且R1为SiH3且R2为NHEt时);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2NEtMe;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2NMe2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2NMeiPr;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2NEtiPr;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为-N(SiR3)2,其中每个R独立地选自卤素、H或C1-C4烷基;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiCl3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiBr3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为((SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiI3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2Cl);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NEt2);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NiPr2);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHtBu);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2OEt);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2OiPr);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiMe3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NH(SiMe3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiEt3)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe2Et)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe2iPr)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe2nPr)2;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为含N的C4-C10杂环;
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中含N的C4-C10杂环是选自吡咯烷、吡咯及哌啶;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(吡咯烷);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(吡咯);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(哌啶);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为烷氧基[-O-R];
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OH);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OMe);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OEt);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OiPr);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OnPr);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OtBu);
●经单取代的TSA前体,其中X为-O-SiR3且每个R独立地选自H、卤素或C1-C4烃基;
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiH3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiCl3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiBr3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiI3);
●经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-(OSiMe3);
●反应物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:O2、O3、H2O、H2O2、NO、NO2、羧酸、醇、二醇、其自由基,及其组合;以及
●反应物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:N2、H2、NH3、肼(诸如N2H4、MeHNNH2、MeHNNHMe)、有机胺(诸如NMeH2、NEtH2、NMe2H、NEt2H、NMe3、NEt3、(SiMe3)2NH)、吡唑啉、吡啶、二胺(诸如乙二胺)、其自由基物质,及其混合物。
记法及命名法
贯穿以下说明及权利要求书中使用某些缩写、符号及术语,且其包括:
如本文所用,不定冠词“一个/种(a/an)”意指一个或多个。
如本文所用,术语约“约”或“大约”意指所述值的±10%。
如本文所用,术语“独立地”在描述R基团的上下文中使用时,应理解为表示目标R基团不仅相对于带有相同或不同下标或上标的其他R基团独立地选择,而且相对于任何其他种类的相同R基团独立地选择。例如,在式MR1x(NR2R3)(4-x)(其中x为2或3)中,两个或三个R1基团可(但不一定)彼此相同或与R2或R3相同。另外,应理解,除非另外特定陈述,否则当在不同式中使用时,R基团的值彼此独立。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”指专有地含有碳及氢原子的饱和官能基。另外,术语“烷基”指直链、支链或环状烷基。直链烷基的实例包括(但不限于)甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基等。支链烷基的实例包括(但不限于)异丙基、叔丁基。环状烷基的实例包括(但不限于)环丙基、环戊基、环己基等。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”指芳环化合物,其中一个氢原子已自环中移除。如本文所用,术语“杂环”指环状化合物,其具有至少两种不同元素的原子作为其环的成员。
如本文所用,缩写“Me”系指甲基;缩写“Et”系指乙基;缩写“Pr”指任何丙基(亦即,正丙基或异丙基);缩写“iPr”指异丙基;缩写“Bu”指任何丁基(正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、第二丁基);缩写“tBu”指叔丁基;缩写“sBu”指第二丁基;缩写“iBu”指异丁基;缩写“Ph”指苯基;缩写“Am”指任何戊基(异戊基、第二戊基、第三戊基);缩写“Cy”指环烷基(环丁基、环戊基、环己基等);且缩写“Ramd”指R-N-C(Me)-N-R脒化物配体,其中R为烷基(例如,iPramd为iPr-N-C(Me)-N-iPr)。
如本文所用,前缀语“SRO”表示氧化锶钌膜;前缀语“HCDS”表示六氯二硅烷;前缀语“PCDS”表示五氯二硅烷;前缀语“OCTS”表示正辛基三甲氧基硅烷;前缀语“TSA”表示三甲硅烷基胺或N(SiH3)3;前缀语“DSA”表示二甲硅烷基胺或HN(SiH3)2;且前缀语“PTFE”表示聚四氟乙烯。
如本文所用,前缀语“LCD-TFT”表示液晶显示器-薄膜晶体管;前缀语“MIM”表示金属-绝缘体-金属;前缀语“DRAM”表示动态随机存取内存;前缀语“FeRAM”表示铁电体随机存取内存;前缀语“OLED”表示有机发光二极管;前缀语“sccm”表示标准立方厘米;且前缀语“GCMS”表示气相层析-质谱。
本文中使用元素周期表的元素的标准缩写。应理解,可通过这些缩写来提及元素(例如Si指硅,N指氮,O指氧,C指碳等)。
请注意,所沉积的膜或层(诸如氧化硅)在整个说明书及权利要求书中是在不提及其适当化学计量学(亦即SiO2)的情况下列举。这些层可包括纯(Si)层、硅化物(MoSip)层、碳化物(SioCp)层、氮化物(SikNl)层、氧化物(SinOm)层或其混合物;其中M为元素且k、l、m、n、o和p的包括性范围为1至6。举例而言,硅化钴为CokSil,其中k及l各自在0.5至5的范围内。类似地,所提及的任何层亦可包括氧化硅层SinOm,其中n在从0.5至1.5的范围内且m在从1.5至3.5的范围内。氧化硅层更优选为SiO2或SiO3。氧化硅层可为基于氧化硅的介电材料,诸如基于有机物或基于氧化硅的低k介电材料,诸如应用材料公司(Applied Materials)的BlackDiamond II或III材料。或者,所提及的任何含硅层可为纯硅。任何含硅层还可以包括掺杂剂,诸如B、C、P、As和/或Ge。
本文中所述的任何及所有范围包括其端点(亦即,x=1至4包括x=1、x=4及x=其间的任何数目),不论是否使用术语“包括性”。
图式简单说明
为进一步理解本发明的性质和目的,应结合附图参考以下实施例,其中:
图1为形成含硅膜的组合物的递送装置1的实施例的侧视图;
图2为形成含硅膜的组合物的递送装置1的第二实施例的侧视图;
图3为实例4至6中执行沉积所用的Picosun R200PEALD 8”沉积工具的图;
图4为氧化硅膜的ALD生长速率作为前体脉冲次数的函数的图(使用前体(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2(TSA-NiPr2));
图5为氧化硅薄膜的ALD生长速率作为温度的函数的图(使用前体TSA-NiPr2);
图6为氧化硅膜的ALD生长速率作为前体脉冲次数及温度的函数的图(使用前体(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2);
图7为氧化硅膜的ALD生长速率作为基板温度的函数的图(使用前体(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Cl(TSA-Cl));
图8为X射线光电子光谱(XPS)图,其显示使用TSA-Cl及NH3以及1:20的前体与NH3比率、在1托(torr)、550℃下、通过热低蒸气压CVD所沉积的膜的膜组成。Cl低于分析仪的检测极限(<约1%)。沉积速率为10埃(Ang)/分钟(min)并且所得膜的折射率为2.1。为了比较,相同条件下使用TSA所得的膜具有2.2的RI(富硅)及类似沉积速率;
图9a和图9b为显示分别通过热筛选单元所得的TSA-NiPr2及TSA-NEt2[(H3Si)2-N-SiH2-NEt2]的热稳定性的图。在此类量测中,在24小时期间连续量测密封样品在设定温度(在此为65℃)下的压力。缺乏显著压力变化表明产物稳定性。所观测的P振荡在此并不显著且与微小的T变异体相关;并且
图10a及图10b为扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图,其显示使用TSA-NiPr2/O2等离子体、在60个循环/分钟、100℃下通过空间ALD所得的0.135μm膜,表明22:1高纵横比结构中存在完美的步阶覆盖。添加透明的Ta2O5下层用于对比增强。对沟槽结构的顶部及底部拍摄的图片。
具体实施方式
披露了形成含硅膜的组合物,其包含具有Si-C键自由主链及能够达到的高表面反应性的单一化学官能化位点的经单取代的TSA前体。硅原子数目高于1且优选高于2、无直接Si-C键且为极性分子的经单取代的TSA前体可对基板表面具有增强的反应性以能够达到快速沉积速率。经单取代的TSA前体具有通式:
(SiH3)2N-SiH2-X
其中X是选自从Cl、Br或I中选择的卤素原子,异氰酸酯基[-NCO],氨基[-NR1R2],含N的C4-C10饱和或不饱和杂环,或烷氧基-O-R;每个R1、R2和R选自H,甲硅烷基(SiR'3),或C1-C6直链或分支链、饱和或不饱和烃基;其中每个R'独立地选自H,选自Cl、Br或I的卤素原子,C1-C4饱和或不饱和烃基,C1-C4饱和或不饱和烷氧基,或氨基[-NR3R4],其中每个R3及R4独立地选自H或C1-C6直链或分支链、饱和或不饱和烃基;其前提是若R1=H,则R2≠H、Me或Et。C1-C6直链或分支链、饱和或不饱和烃基可含有胺或醚。作为替代方案,R1及R2可独立地选自Me、Et、iPr、nPr、tBu、nBu及secBu。
诸位申请人相信所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物尤其适合于流动CVD方法,原因为经单取代的TSA前体含有很少的碳至无碳。另外,经单取代的TSA前体具有低于TSA的蒸气压且因此可更容易冷凝且提供更高沉积速率。最后,经单取代的TSA结构近似于在流动工艺期间形成的低聚物。
所披露的经单取代的TSA前体含有两个或三个直接键结至各硅原子的氢原子。这些Si-H键有助于提高前体挥发性,这对于气相沉积方法而言具有重要作用。
当X为卤化物时,例示性形成含硅膜的组合物包括(SiH3)2-N-SiH2Cl、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2Br或(SiH3)2-N-SiH2I。已知卤化物具有高反应性。诸位申请人相信,相较于非卤化类似物,所披露的经单取代的TSA前体上的卤化物可有助于改良挥发性和沉积速率。这些组合物可根据如下反应合成:SnX4+N(SiH3)3→N(SiH3)2(SiH2X)+SnX2↓+HX,其中X为Cl、Br或I(参见J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans.[英国化学会道尔顿会刊]1975,第1624页)。作为替代方案,二卤基硅烷[SiH2X2,其中X为Cl、Br或I]和单卤基硅烷[SiH3X,其中X为Cl、Br或I]可在室温下、以1/20至1/4比率、与400sccm的NH3一起以气相连续引入如Miller的美国专利第US8,669,387号所述的流过式管式反应器中。NH3与2当量的单卤基硅烷发生反应,主要产生二甲硅烷基胺(DSA)。DSA接着与二卤基硅烷发生反应以形成(SiH3)2-N-SiH2X及HX,其中X为Cl、Br或I。本领域技术人员将认识到,反应可以一或两个步骤发生(首先自单卤基硅烷和NH3形成DSA且其次添加二卤基硅烷)或以一个步骤发生(在一个步骤中将单卤基硅烷、二氯硅烷和NH3合并)。
当X时为异氰酸酯基[-NCO]时,例示性形成含硅膜的组合物包括(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NCO)。此组合物可使用脱氢偶联反应、根据以下文献中所披露的方法合成:Taniguchi等人,Angewandte Communications,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.[德国应用化学]2013,52,1-5,该文献的传授内容以引用的方式并入本文中。更具体地说,(SiH3)3N可与脲(NH2CONH2)在负载于氧化铝上的金纳米颗粒存在下反应而形成(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NCO)+H2。
当X为氨基[-NR1R2]时,例示性形成含硅膜的组合物包括(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NMe2)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NMeEt)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NEt2)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NiPr2)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NHiPr)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NMeiPr)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NEtiPr)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(NHtBu)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)2]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)(SiH2Cl)]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)(SiH2(NEt2))]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)(SiH2(NiPr2))]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHtBu))]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)(SiH2OEt)]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)(SiH2OiPr)]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiMe3)2]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[NH(SiMe3)]、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiEt3)2)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiMe2Et)2)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiMe2iPr)2)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(tBu)(SiH3))、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiMe2nPr)2)、(SiH3)2N-SiH2NEtMe、(SiH3)2N-SiH2NMe2、(SiH3)2N-SiH2NMeiPr或(SiH3)2N-SiH2NetiPr。氨基还可有助于提高热稳定性。氨基还可有助于将N及C原子并入所得膜中,这可使得所得层更耐受任何随后的蚀刻工艺。
当R1与R2形成环状含氮杂环时,诸位申请人相信所得杂环形成可容易自经单取代的TSA前体分离的离去基,从而使得所得膜的碳污染小于非环状二烷基氨基。
本领域技术人员将认识到,由Si-H键所提供的挥发性与由氨基所提供的热稳定性达成平衡。诸位申请人相信,至少(H3Si)2-N-SiH2-NEt2、(H3Si)2-N-SiH2-SiH2-NiPr2及(H3Si)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2成功地使那些竞争特征达成平衡以产生例外的气相沉积前体。如以下实例中所示,所得含硅膜的质量相对于先前技术中所披露的那些发生改良。
经氨基取代的形成含硅膜的组合物可类似于上文披露的经卤基取代的形成含硅膜的组合物合成。更具体地说,200sccm单卤基硅烷及50sccm二卤基硅烷可在室温下与400sccm NH3一起以气相连续引入如US8,669,387中所述的流通管式反应器中,形成由各种甲硅烷基胺及卤化铵组成的物流,可通过一般本领域技术人员容易获得的方法(诸如分馏方法)自其中分离出(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiH3)2]。
更具体地说,(SiH3)2-N-SiH2[N(SiMe3)2]可由SiMe3-NH-SiMe3与tBuLi-->(Me3Si)2NLi的反应及(Me3Si)2NLi与(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-Cl-->(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiMe3)2+LiCl)的反应合成。
类似地,(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-NH(SiMe3)可由SiMe3-NH-SiMe3+(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-Cl-->(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-NH-SiMe3+Me3SiCl的反应合成。
(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2X)可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2与SnX3的反应合成,其中X为Cl、Br或I(参见J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans.[英国化学会道尔顿会刊]1975,第1624页)。(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2的进一步取代可通过延长反应时间和/或调节化学计算量来实现。
(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NEt2))可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2X)与HNEt2的反应合成。(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NEt2))的进一步取代可通过延长反应时间和/或调节化学计算量来实现。
(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NiPr2))可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2X)与HNiPr2的反应合成。(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NiPr2))的进一步取代可通过延长反应时间和/或调节化学计算量来实现。
(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHtBu))可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2X)与H2NtBu的反应合成。请注意,使用H2NEt的类似反应可产生低产量的(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(NHEt))。
(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(OEt))可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2X)与乙醇(EtOH)在HCl清除剂(如NEt3或吡啶)存在下的反应合成。
(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2(OiPr))可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-N(SiH3)(SiH2X)与异丙醇(iPrOH)在HCl清除剂(如NEt3或吡啶)存在下的反应合成。
当X为含N的C4-C10饱和或不饱和杂环时,例示性形成含硅膜的组合物包括(SiH3)2-N-SiH2吡咯啶、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-吡咯或(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-哌啶。作为替代方案,含N的C4-C10饱和或不饱和杂环还可含有杂元素,诸如P、B、As、Ge和/或Si。
当X为烷氧基时,例示性形成含硅膜的组合物包括(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(OEt)、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2(OiPr)、(SiH3)2N-SiH2-OSiMe3、(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-OSiMe2OEt或(SiH3)2-N-SiH2-OSiHMe2。
N(SiH3)2(SiH2OEt)还可由(SiH3)2-N-SiH2Cl与EtOH在酸清除剂(诸如Et3N或吡啶)存在下合成。
N(SiH3)3+EtOH→N(SiH3)2(SiH2OEt)。
优选地,所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物具有适于气相沉积方法的特性,诸如高蒸气压、低熔点(优选在室温下呈液体形式)、低升华点和/或高热稳定性。
为了确保方法可靠性,所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物在使用的前可通过连续或分批式分馏法纯化至范围为从约95%w/w至约100%w/w,优选范围为从98%w/w至约100%w/w的纯度。本领域技术人员将认识到纯度可通过H NMR或气相或液相层析与质谱分析测定。形成含硅膜的组合物可含有任一种以下杂质:卤化物(X2)、三甲硅烷基胺、单卤基三甲硅烷基胺、二卤基三甲硅烷基胺、SiH4、SiH3X、SnX2、SnX4、HX、NH3、NH3X、单氯硅烷、二氯硅烷、醇、烷基胺、二烷基胺、烷基亚胺、THF、乙醚、戊烷、环己烷、庚烷或甲苯,其中X为Cl、Br或I。优选地,这些杂质的总量是低于0.1%w/w。经纯化的组合物可通过再结晶、升华、蒸馏和/或将气体或液体传递通过适合吸附剂(诸如4A分子筛或基于碳的吸附剂(例如活性碳))来制得。
各溶剂(诸如THF、醚、戊烷、环己烷、庚烷和/或甲苯)在经纯化的经单取代的TSA前体的组合物中的浓度可在从约0%w/w至约5%w/w范围内,优选在从约0%w/w至约0.1%w/w范围内。溶剂可用于前体组合物的合成。若两者具有类似沸点,则可能难以自前体组合物中分离出溶剂。冷却混合物可在液体溶剂中产生可通过过滤分离的固体前体。还可使用真空蒸馏,前提为该前体组合物不加热至高于其大约分解点。
所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物含有小于5%v/v、优选小于1%v/v、更优选小于0.1%v/v并且甚至更优选小于0.01%v/v的其单取代类似物、双取代类似物或三取代类似物或其他反应产物中的任一种。此实施例可提供更好的方法可重复性。此实施例可通过蒸馏形成含硅膜的组合物来产生。
纯化所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物亦可使得痕量金属及类金属的浓度在从约0ppbw至约500ppbw范围内,且更优选在从约0ppbw至约100ppbw范围内。这些金属或非金属杂质包含(但不限于)铝(Al)、砷(As)、钡(Ba)、铍(Be)、铋(Bi)、镉(Cd)、钙(Ca)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、铜(Cu)、镓(Ga)、锗(Ge)、铪(Hf)、锆(Zr)、铟(In)、铁(Fe)、铅(Pb)、锂(Li)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)、钨(W)、镍(Ni)、钾(K)、钠(Na)、锶(Sr)、钍(Th)、锡(Sn)、钛(Ti)、铀(U)、钒(V)及锌(Zn)。经纯化的经单取代的TSA前体的组合物中的X(其中X=Cl、Br、I)的浓度可在约0ppmw与约100ppmw之间的范围内且更优选在约0ppmw至约10ppmw之间的范围内。
所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物可通过所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物的递送装置递送至半导体加工工具中。图1及图2展示所披露的递送装置1的两个实施例。
图1为形成含硅膜的组合物递送装置1的一个实施例的侧视图。在图1中,所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物10包含于具有两根管(入口管30及出口管40)的容器20内。在前体领域的普通技术人员将认识到,容器20、入口管30及出口管40制造为防止形成含硅膜的组合物10的气态形式逸出,即使在高温和高压下。
适合的阀包括弹簧负载型或连接束缚隔膜阀。阀可进一步包含限流孔(RFO)。递送装置应连接至气体歧管并且在罩壳中。气体歧管应允许当置换递送装置时可能暴露于空气的管道被安全抽真空并且吹扫,使得任何残余量的发火性材料不发生反应。罩壳应装备有传感器且火控能力以在释放发火性材料(诸如SiH4)的情况下控制火。气体歧管还应装备有分离阀、真空产生器且允许引入最少的吹扫气体。
递送装置必须防泄漏且装备有不允许即使微小量的物质逸出的阀。递送装置经由阀35及45流体连通至半导体加工工具的其他部件,诸如上文所披露的气柜。优选地,递送装置20、入口管30、阀35、出口管40及阀45由316L EP或304不锈钢制成。然而,本领域技术人员将认识到,本文传授内容中还可使用其他非反应性材料,且形成含硅膜的任何腐蚀性组合物10可能需要使用更耐腐蚀的材料,诸如赫史特合金(Hastelloy)或英高镍(Inconel)。
在图1中,入口管30的端部31位于形成含硅膜的组合物10的表面之上,而出口管40的端部41位于形成含硅膜的组合物10的表面之下。在此实例中,形成含硅膜的组合物10优选呈液体形式。惰性气体,包含(但不限于)氮气、氩气、氦气及其混合物,可引入入口管30中。惰性气体使递送装置20加压以迫使形成含硅膜的液体组合物10通过出口管40且进入半导体加工工具的部件(未显示)中。半导体加工工具可包括气化器,其使用或不使用载气(诸如氦气、氩气、氮气或其混合物)将形成含硅膜的液体组合物10转变成蒸气,以便将蒸气递送至其中定位有待修复晶片且处理以气相发生的腔室中。作为替代方案,形成含硅膜的液体组合物10可以喷射流或气溶胶形式直接递送至晶片表面上。
图2为形成含硅膜的组合物递送装置1的第二实施例的侧视图。在图2中,入口管30的端部31位于形成含硅膜的组合物10的表面之下,而出口管40的端部41位于形成含硅膜的组合物10的表面之上。图2还包括任选的加热元件25,其可提高形成含硅膜的组合物10的温度。形成含硅膜的组合物10可呈固体或液体形式。将惰性气体,包括(但不限于)氮气、氩气、氦气及其混合物,引入入口管30中。惰性气体流经形成含硅膜的组合物10并且将惰性气体与形成含硅膜的气化组合物10的混合物携载至出口管40和半导体加工工具中的部件。
图1与图2均包括阀35及45。本领域技术人员将认识到,阀35和45可置于打开或闭合位置以允许分别经由管30和40流动。若形成含硅膜的组合物10呈气相形式或若固相/液相之上存在足够蒸气压,则可使用图1或图2中的递送装置1,或具有端接于所存在的任何固体或液体表面之上的单一管道的较简单递送装置。在此情况下,通过分别打开图1中的阀35或图2中的阀45,使形成含硅膜的组合物10以气相形式、经由管30或40递送。递送装置1可维持于适合温度以向待以气相形式递送的形成含硅膜的组合物10提供足够蒸气压,例如通过使用任选的加热元件25来维持。
尽管图1及图2披露了形成含硅膜的组合物递送装置1的两个实施例,但本领域技术人员将认识到,入口管30与出口管40可均位于形成含硅膜的组合物10的表面上或表面下而不背离本文中的披露内容。此外,入口管30可为填充口。最后,本领域技术人员将认识到,可使用其他递送装置(诸如Jurcik等人的WO 2006/059187中所披露的安瓿)将所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物递送至半导体加工工具中而不背离本文中的传授内容。
所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物可适于通过各种ALD或CVD方法进行含硅膜的沉积且可具有以下优点:
●在室温下为液体或具有低于50℃的熔点;
●热稳定性,以能够实现适当分布(气相或直接液体注射)而不产生颗粒;和/或
●相对于基板的适合反应性,以允许存在较广的自限制ALD窗,从而允许沉积多种含硅膜。
含有氮化硅及氧化硅的膜(称为SiOxNy)可通过CVD或ALD、使用选自下组的反应物的一种或组合来沉积,该组由以下各项组成:N2、H2、NH3、O2、H2O、H2O2、O3、NO、NO2、N2O、羧酸、醇、二醇、肼(诸如N2H4、MeHNNH2、MeHNNHMe)、有机胺(诸如NMeH2、NEtH2、NMe2H、NEt2H、NMe3、NEt3、(SiMe3)2NH)、吡唑啉、吡啶、二胺(诸如乙二胺),其组合,及其等离子体产物。
三元或四元膜可使用形成含硅膜的组合物(其中一种或若干种其他前体含有选自As、B、P、Ga、Ge、Sn、Sb、Al、In的元素或过渡金属前体)以及可能存在的一种或多种以上列出的反应物沉积。可连同所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物一起使用的典型前体选自以下家族:
●金属卤化物(例如TiCl4、TiI4、TaCl5、HfCl4、ZrCl4、AlCl3、NbF5等);
●烷化物(Al、Ge、Ga、In、Sb、Sn、Zn),诸如三甲基铝、二乙基锌、三乙基镓;
●氢化物(GeH4、铝烷等);
●烷基酰胺(第IV及V族过渡金属的金属);
●酰亚氨基(第V及VI族的金属);
●烷氧化物(第IV、V族的金属);
●环戊二烯基物(Ru、Co、Fe、第IV族过渡金属、镧系元素等);
●羰基物(例如Ru、Co、Fe、Ni);
●脒基物和胍基物(例如:Co、Mn、Ni、Cu、Sc等);
●β-二酮酸酯(例如Sc、Cu、镧系元素);
●β-二酮亚胺(Cu、Ni、Co等);
●双-三烷基甲硅烷基酰胺(Ni、Co、Fe等);
●氧代(oxo)基(RuO4、WOCl4、PO(OEt)3、AsO(OEt)3等);
●或具有以上配体的组合的杂配位分子。
所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物还可与另一种硅源结合使用,诸如卤代硅烷(可选自SiH3Cl、SiH2Cl2、SiHCl3、SiCl4、SiBr4、SiI4、SiHI3、SiH2I2、SiH3I、SiF4)、聚硅烷SiHxH2x+2或环状聚硅烷SiHxH2x、卤代聚硅烷(SixCl2x+2、SixHyCl2x+2-y,诸如HCDS、OCTS、PCDS、单氯二硅烷(或Si2H5Cl)、二氯二硅烷(DCDS或Si2H4Cl2)),或具有Si-(CH2)n-Si主链(其中n=1或2)的碳硅烷。
还披露了使用所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物用于气相沉积法(包括各种CVD和ALD方法)的方法。所披露的方法提供了所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物沉积含硅膜,优选为氮化硅(SiN)膜、氧化硅(SiO)膜及氮掺杂氧化硅膜的用途。所披露的方法可适用于制造半导体、光伏材料、LCD-TFT、平板型装置、耐火材料或航空材料。
用于在基板上形成含硅层的所披露方法包括:将基板置放于反应器中,将包括形成含硅膜的组合物的蒸气递送至反应器中,并且使蒸气与基板接触(并且典型地将蒸气引导至基板)以在基板表面上形成含硅层。作为替代方案,将基板移至含有前体蒸气的腔室中(空间ALD)并且接着移至含有反应物的另一个区域中。在暴露于前体与反应物之间可进行其他物理处理步骤,诸如快速退火、UV固化等。
方法可包括使用气相沉积法在基板上形成含双金属层并且更具体地,沉积SiMOx膜,其中x为4并且M为Ti、Hf、Zr、Ta、Nb、V、Al、Sr、Y、Ba、Ca、As、B、P、Sb、Bi、Sn、镧系元素(诸如Er)或其组合。所披露方法可适用于制造半导体、光伏材料、LCD-TFT或平板型装置。反应器中还可引入氧源,诸如O3、O2、H2O、NO、H2O2、乙酸、福尔马林、多聚甲醛、醇、二醇、其氧自由基,及其组合,但优选为O3或经等离子体处理的O2。
可使用本领域技术人员已知的任何沉积法、使用所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物沉积含硅膜。适合沉积方法的实例包括化学气相沉积(CVD)或原子层沉积(ALD)。例示性CVD方法包括热CVD、脉冲CVD(PCVD)、低压CVD(LPCVD)、次大气压CVD(SACVD)或大气压CVD(APCVD)、热丝CVD(HWCVD,亦称为cat-CVD,其中热丝充当沉积法的能量来源)、自由基结合型CVD、等离子体增强型CVD(PECVD)(包括(但不限于)流动CVD(FCVD)),及其组合。例示性ALD方法包括热ALD、等离子体增强型ALD(PEALD)、空间分离型ALD、热丝ALD(HWALD)、自由基结合型ALD及其组合。还可使用超临界流体沉积。沉积方法优选为FCVD、ALD、PE-ALD或空间ALD,以便提供适合的阶梯式覆盖和膜厚度控制。
通过常规手段(诸如管道和/或流量计)将形成含硅膜的组合物以气相形式递送至反应器中。可经由常规气化步骤(诸如直接气化、蒸馏、鼓泡)、通过使纯净的或共混的组合物溶液气化来产生气相形式的组合物。组合物可以液态进料到气化器中,在那里使其气化,随后将其引入反应器中。气化之前,任选地可以将组合物与一或多种溶剂混合。溶剂可选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、癸烷、十二烷、辛烷、己烷、戊烷或其他。所得浓度可在从约0.05M至约2M范围内。
作为替代方案,形成含硅膜的组合物可通过将载气传递至含有前体的容器中或通过使载气在前体中鼓泡来气化。组合物可任选地与一或多种溶剂混合于容器中。溶剂可选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯、癸烷、十二烷、辛烷、己烷、戊烷或其他。所得浓度可在从约0.05M至约2M范围内。载气可包括(但不限于)Ar、He或N2及其混合物。用载气鼓泡还可移除存在于纯净或所共混组合物中的任何溶解氧。载气及组合物接着以气相形式引入反应器中。
必要时,容器可加热至允许形成含硅膜的组合物呈液相且具有足够蒸气压的温度。容器可维持在例如0℃至150℃范围内的温度。本领域技术人员认识到可以已知方式调节容器的温度以控制气化的组合物的量。典型地调节温度以达到0.1托至100托、优选约1托至20托的蒸气压。
产生形成含硅膜的组合物的蒸气,并且然后引入含有基板的反应室中。反应室内的温度及压力以及基板的温度保持在适于将经单取代的TSA前体的至少一部分气相沉积于基板上的条件下。换言之,在将气化组合物引入反应室中之后,调节反应室内的条件,使得气化前体的至少一部分沉积于基板上以形成含硅层。本领域技术人员将认识到,“使气化化合物的至少一部分沉积”意谓一些或全部化合物与基板反应或粘附至基板。本文中,还可使用有助于形成含硅层的反应物。此外,含硅层可通过UV和电子束固化。
反应室可为进行沉积法的装置的任何密闭室或腔室,诸如(但不限于)平行板型反应器、冷壁型反应器、热壁型反应器、单晶片反应器、多晶片反应器或其他此类类型的沉积系统。所有这些例示性反应室均能够充当ALD或CVD反应室。对于所有ALD及次大气压CVD,反应室可维持在约0.5毫托至约20托范围内的压力下。次大气压CVD及大气压CVD压力的范围可达760托(大气压)。反应室内的温度可在从约0℃至约800℃的范围内。本领域技术人员应认识到,温度可仅经由实验来优化以获得所希望的结果。
可通过控制基板固持器的温度或控制反应器壁的温度来控制反应器温度。用于加热基板的装置在是本领域中已知的。将反应器壁加热至足以在足够生长速率下并且以所希望的物理状态和组成获得所希望的膜的温度。反应器壁可保持的非限制性例示性温度范围为从约20℃至约800℃。使用等离子体沉积法时,沉积温度可在从约0℃至约550℃范围内。作为替代方案,当执行热方法时,沉积温度可在从约200℃至约800℃的范围内。
作为替代方案,基板可加热至足以在足够生长速率下并且以所希望的物理状态及组成获得所希望的含硅膜的温度。加热基板可达到的非限制性例示性温度范围包括从50℃至600℃。优选地,基板温度保持低于或等于500℃。
作为替代方案,可在设定为低于前体的自分解的基板温度下进行ALD方法。本领域技术人员会认识到如何确定前体的自分解温度。
反应器含有一个或多个上面沉积有膜的基板。基板一般定义为在其上执行方法的材料。基板可为任何适用于制造半导体、光伏材料、平板或LCD-TFT装置的基板。适合基板的实例包括晶片,诸如硅、二氧化硅、玻璃、塑料或GaAs晶片。晶片上可具有由先前制造步骤沉积的一个或多个不同材料层。例如,晶片可包括硅层(晶体、非晶型、多孔等)、氧化硅层、氮化硅层、氧氮化硅层、碳掺杂的氧化硅(SiCOH)层、光致抗蚀剂层、抗反射层,或其组合。另外,晶片可包括铜层或贵金属层(例如铂、钯、铑或金)。这些层可包括在MIM、DRAM、STT RAM、PC-RAM或FeRam技术中用作介电材料的氧化物(例如基于ZrO2的材料、基于HfO2的材料、基于TiO2的材料、基于稀土氧化物的材料、基于三元氧化物的材料,诸如氧化锶钌(SRO)等)或用作来自铜与低k层之间的氧阻挡的基于氮化物的膜(例如TaN)。晶片可包括阻挡层,诸如锰、氧化锰等。还可使用塑料层,诸如聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)聚(苯乙烯磺酸酯)(PEDOT:PSS)。层可以是平坦的或图案化的。在一些实例中,层可为由氢化碳(例如CHx,其中x大于零)制成的图案化光致抗蚀剂膜。所披露的方法可直接在晶片上沉积含硅层或在晶片顶上直接沉积一或多个层上(当图案化层形成基板时)。此外,本领域技术人员将认识到,本文所用的术语“膜”或“层”是指在表面上所铺或展布的一些材料的厚度并且该表面可为沟槽或线。在通篇说明书及权利要求书中,晶片以及其上的任何相关层被称为基板。尽管在许多情况下,所用优选基板可选自铜、氧化硅、光致抗蚀剂、氢化碳、TiN、SRO、Ru以及Si类型基板,诸如多晶硅或晶体硅基板。举例而言,氮化硅膜可沉积于硅层上。在随后的加工中,可在氮化硅层上交替沉积氧化硅层和氮化硅层,从而形成3D NAND门中所用的多个SiO2/SiN层的堆叠。此外,基板可用经图案化或未图案化有机或无机膜涂布。
除所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物之外,还可将反应物引入反应器中。反应物可为氧化剂,诸如O2、O3、H2O、H2O2之一;含氧自由基,诸如O或OH、NO、NO2;羧酸,诸如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸;NO、NO2或羧酸的自由基种类;多聚甲醛;及其混合物。优选地,氧化剂选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:O2、O3、H2O、H2O2、其含氧自由基(诸如O或OH)及其混合物。优选地,当执行ALD法时,反应物为经等离子体处理的氧、臭氧或其组合。当使用氧化剂时,所得含硅膜还将含有氧。
作为替代方案,反应物可为含氮反应物,诸如以下之一:N2、NH3、肼(例如N2H4、MeHNNH2、MeHNNHMe)、有机胺(例如N(CH3)H2、N(C2H5)H2、N(CH3)2H、N(C2H5)2H、N(CH3)3、N(C2H5)3、(SiMe3)2NH)、吡唑啉、吡啶、二胺(诸如乙二胺))、其自由基,或其混合物。当使用含N源制剂时,所得含硅膜还将含有氮。
当使用还原剂(诸如H2、H自由基而且还有其他含氢气体和前体,诸如金属氢化物和类金属氢化物)时,所得含硅膜可为纯硅。
反应物可通过等离子体处理,以便使反应物分解成其自由基形式。当用等离子体处理时,还可使用N2。例如,可产生功率范围为从约50W至约2000W、优选从约100W至约500W的等离子体。等离子体可产生或存在于反应器本身内。作为替代方案,等离子体一般可位于自反应器中移除的位置,例如处于远程定位的等离子体系统中。本领域技术人员将认识到适于此类等离子体处理的方法和设备。
形成含硅膜的组合物还可与卤基硅烷或聚卤基硅烷(诸如六氯二硅烷、五氯二硅烷或四氯二硅烷)以及一种或多种反应物一起使用以形成Si、SiCN或SiCOH膜。PCT公开号WO2011/123792号披露了SiN层(非硅层或SiCOH层),并且该公开物的完整内容以其全文并入本文中。
当所希望的含硅膜还含有另一种元素(诸如并且不限于Ti、Hf、Zr、Ta、Nb、V、Al、Sr、Y、Ba、Ca、As、B、P、Sb、Bi、Sn、Ge镧系元素(诸如Er)或其组合)时,另一种前体可包括选自(但不限于)以下的含金属前体:
●金属卤化物(例如TiCl4、TiI4、TaCl5、HfCl4、ZrCl4、AlCl3、NbF5等);
●烷基物(Al、Ge、Ga、In、Sb、Sn、Zn),诸如三甲基铝、二乙基锌、三乙基镓;
●氢化物(GeH4、铝烷等);
●烷基酰胺(第IV及V族过渡金属的金属);
●酰亚氨基(第V及VI族的金属);
●烷氧化物(第IV、V族的金属);
●环戊二烯基物(Ru、Co、Fe、第IV族过渡金属、镧系元素等);
●羰基物(例如Ru、Co、Fe、Ni);
●脒基物和胍基物(例如:Co、Mn、Ni、Cu、Sc等);
●β-二酮酸酯(例如:Sc、Cu、镧系元素);
●β-二酮亚胺(Cu、Ni、Co等);
●双-三烷基甲硅烷基酰胺(Ni、Co、Fe等);
●氧代基(RuO4、WOCl4、PO(OEt)3、AsO(OEt)3等);
●具有一组选自上述家族的混合配体的杂配位分子。
形成含硅膜的组合物和一种或多种反应物可同时(例如CVD)、依次(例如ALD)或以其他组合引入反应室中。例如,形成含硅膜的组合物可以一个脉冲引入并且两种其他金属源可以分开的脉冲一起引入(例如经修改的ALD)。作为替代方案,反应室在引入形成含硅膜的组合物之前可已含有反应物。可传递反应物通过定位于反应室中的等离子体系统或远离反应室的等离子体系统,并且分解成自由基。作为替代方案,形成含硅膜的组合物可连续引入反应室中,同时通过脉冲(例如脉冲CVD)引入其他金属源。在各实例中,可在脉冲之后进行吹扫或抽真空步骤以移除所引入的过量组分。在各实例中,脉冲可持续从约0.01s至约20s,作为替代方案从约0.3s至约3s,作为替代方案从约0.5s至约2s范围内的时间段。在另一替代方案中,形成含硅膜的组合物和一种或多种反应物可自簇射头同时喷涂,在固持若干个晶片的基座依据其进行旋转(例如空间ALD)。
在非限制性例示性ALD型方法中,将呈气相的形成含硅膜的组合物引入反应室中,在反应室中使其与适合基板接触并且在基板上形成含硅层。接着可通过对反应室进行吹扫和/或抽真空而自反应室中移除过量的组合物。将氧源引入反应室中,在该反应室中其与含硅层以自限制方式反应。通过对反应室进行吹扫和/或抽真空而自反应室移除任何过量氧源。若所希望的膜为氧化硅膜,则此两步方法可提供所希望的膜厚度或可重复进行直至已获得具有必需厚度的膜。
作为替代方案,若所希望的膜为硅金属氧化物膜(即SiMOx,其中x可为4并且M为Ti、Hf、Zr、Ta、Nb、V、Al、Sr、Y、Ba、Ca、As、B、P、Sb、Bi、Sn、Ge、镧系元素(诸如Er)或其组合),则上述两步方法之后可将含金属前体的第二蒸气引入反应室中。含金属前体将基于所沉积的硅金属氧化物膜的性质来选择。引入反应室中之后,使含金属前体与基板上的氧化硅层接触。通过对反应室进行吹扫和/或抽真空而自反应室中移除任何过量的含金属前体。再次,可将氧源引入反应室中以与含金属前体反应。通过对反应室进行吹扫和/或抽真空而自反应室移除过量的氧源。若已达到所希望的膜厚度,则可终止过程。然而,若希望较厚的膜,则可重复全部四个步骤过程。通过交替提供形成含硅膜的组合物、含金属前体及氧源,可沉积具有所希望组成和厚度的膜。
另外,通过改变脉冲数目,可获得具有所希望化学计量比M:Si的膜。例如,通过进行一次经单取代的TSA前体的脉冲及一次含金属前体的脉冲,其中各脉冲之后进行氧源的脉冲可获得SiMO2膜。然而,本领域技术人员将认识到,为获得所希望膜所需的脉冲次数可与所得膜的化学计量比不相同。
在非限制性例示性PE-ALD型方法中,将呈气相的形成含硅膜的组合物引入反应室中,在反应室中使其与适当的基板接触,同时使低反应性氧源(诸如O2)连续流至腔室中。接着可通过对反应室进行吹扫和/或抽真空而自反应室中移除过量的组合物。接着点燃等离子体以活化氧源,从而使其与所吸收的经单取代的TSA前体以自限制方式发生反应。接着关断等离子体并且随后可立即使形成含硅膜的组合物进行流动。此两步方法可提供所希望的膜厚度或可重复进行直至已获得具有所希望厚度的氧化硅膜。氧化硅膜可含有一些C杂质,典型地在0.005%与2%之间的C杂质。本领域技术人员可选择氧气源及基板温度以便在关闭等离子体时,防止氧源与经单取代的TSA之间发生反应。经二烷基氨基取代的TSA尤其适于此类方法,并且优选为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2、(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2或(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHR,R为-tBu或-SiMe3。
在另一种非限制性例示性PE-ALD型方法中,将呈气相的形成含硅膜的组合物引入反应室中,在反应室中使其与适当的基板接触,同时使低反应性氮源(诸如N2)连续流至腔室中。接着可通过对反应室进行吹扫和/或抽真空而自反应室中移除过量的组合物。接着点燃等离子体以活化氮源,从而使其与所吸收的经单取代的TSA前体以自限制方式发生反应。接着关断等离子体并且可随后立即使形成含硅膜的组合物进行流动。此两步方法可提供所希望的膜厚度或可重复进行直至已获得具有所需厚度的氮化硅膜。氮化硅膜可含有一些C杂质,典型地在0.5%与10%之间。本领域技术人员可选择氮气源和基板温度以便在关闭等离子体时,防止氮源与经单取代的TSA之间发生反应。经氨基取代的TSA及单卤基TSA尤其适于此类方法,并且优选为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Cl、(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2、(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2、(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHR(R为-tBu或-SiMe3),或(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2。
在非限制性例示性LPCVD型方法中,将呈气相的形成含硅膜的组合物(优选含有经单卤基取代的TSA前体)引入装有基板的反应室中并且典型地保持在0.1托与10托之间且更优选在0.3托与3托之间的压力下及250℃与800℃之间、优选在350℃与600℃之间的温度下,其中其与反应物(典型地为NH3)混合。从而可在一个或多个基板上沉积保形SiN薄膜。本领域技术人员将认识到,膜中的Si/N比率可通过调节经单取代的TSA前体和氮源流速来调节。
在另一个替代方案中,致密型SiN膜可使用ALD方法、使用六氯二硅烷(HCDS)、五氯二硅烷(PCDS)、单氯二硅烷(MCDS)、二氯二硅烷(DCDS)或单氯硅烷(MCS)、形成所披露的含硅膜的组合物和氨反应物沉积。反应室可以用55sccm Ar连续流动控制在5托、550℃。将所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物的约10秒长脉冲以约1sccm的流速引入反应室中。使用约55sccm Ar流动来吹扫反应室中的组合物持续约30秒。将约10秒的HCDS脉冲以约1sccm的流速引入反应室中。使用约55sccm Ar流动来吹扫反应室中的HCDS持续约30秒。将约10秒长的NH3脉冲以约50sccm的流速引入反应室中。使用约55sccm的Ar流动来吹扫反应室中的NH3持续约10秒。这些6个步骤重复进行直至所沉积层达到适合厚度。本领域技术人员将认识到,当使用空间ALD装置时可同时使用引入型脉冲。如PCT公开号WO 2011/123792中所述,可改变前体引入顺序并且可在NH3反应物存在或不存在下执行沉积,以便调节SiCN膜中的碳和氮的量。本领域技术人员会进一步认识到,流速和脉冲时间可因不同沉积室而不同并且能够对于各装置来确定所需参数。
在非限制例示性方法中,将呈气相的所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物(优选含有经单卤基取代的TSA)引入装有具有多孔低k膜的基板的反应室中。孔隙密封膜可在US 2015/0004806中所述的条件下沉积(即将所披露的形成含硅膜的组合物、氧化剂(诸如臭氧、过氧化氢、氧气、水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、氧化氮、二氧化氮、一氧化氮、一氧化碳或二氧化碳)及无卤素催化剂化合物(诸如硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、乙二胺四乙酸、苦味酸或乙酸)引入反应室中并且在基板上形成可流动冷凝膜的条件下使基板暴露于工艺气体)。
在又一替代方案中,可通过美国专利申请公开号2014/0051264中所披露的流动PECVD方法,使用所披露的组合物和含有自由基氮或氧的反应物来沉积含硅膜。在远程等离子体系统中产生含有自由基氮或氧的反应物(分别诸如NH3或H2O)。将自由基反应物和呈气相的所披露前体引入反应室中,在反应室中它们发生反应并且在基板上首先沉积可流动膜。诸位申请人相信,(SiH3)2N-(SiH2-X)结构中的氮原子有助于进一步改良所沉积膜的流动性,从而产生具有更少空隙的膜,尤其当X为氨基时,并且更具体地说,当X为二甲硅烷基氨基(如-N(SiH3)2)时。
以上讨论的方法所得到的含硅膜可包括SiO2、氮掺杂氧化硅、SiN、SiON、SiCN、SiCOH或MSiNyOx,其中M为诸如Ti、Hf、Zr、Ta、Nb、V、Al、Sr、Y、Ba、Ca、As、B、P、Sb、Bi、Sn、Ge的元素,且x、y可为0-4且y+x=4,这当然取决于M的氧化态。本领域技术人员将认识到,通过慎重选择适当的经单取代的TSA前体和反应物,可获得所希望的膜组成。
获得所希望膜厚度后,可对膜进一步加工,诸如热退火、熔炉退火、快速热退火、UV或电子束固化和/或等离子体气体暴露。本领域技术人员知道执行这些其他处理步骤所用的系统和方法。例如,含硅膜可在惰性气氛、含H气氛、含N气氛、含O气氛或其组合下,在从约200℃及约1000℃范围内的温度下暴露从约0.1秒至约7200秒范围内的时间。最优选地,在含反应性H的气氛下,温度为600℃持续小于3600秒。所得膜可含有较少杂质,并且因此可具有改良的性能特性。可在执行沉积法的同一反应室中执行退火步骤。当沉积方法为FCVD时,固化步骤优选为氧气固化步骤,其在低于600℃的温度下进行。含氧气氛可含有H2O或O3。作为替代方案,可自反应室移除基板,其中退火/快速退火方法是在分开的设备中进行的。
实例
提供以下非限制性实例以进一步说明本发明的实施例。然而,这些实例并不旨在包括所有并且不旨在限制本文所述的本发明的范围。
本文所述的实例为基于TSA的前体,即经单取代的TSA。
实例1:合成(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2及(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2
将300g二异丙胺(3.0mol)装入作为反应器的1升过滤瓶中,该过滤瓶装备有顶置式机械搅拌器、氮气鼓泡器、冷却器和氢化物洗涤器。将60g(0.4mol)氯三甲硅烷基胺装入滴液漏斗中。将滴液漏斗附接至反应器。向滴液漏斗中添加氮气吹扫气体以防止在漏斗尖口形成盐。冷却器设定为18℃并且在1.5时间段内经由滴液漏斗添加氯三甲硅烷基胺。在添加期间,反应器温度设定为22℃-23℃。添加完成之后,使反应器搅拌0.5小时。
接着过滤胺盐酸盐。滤饼用两个50ml二异丙胺等分试样冲洗。蒸馏出大部分二异丙胺,得到72g粗产物。将粗产物与以类似方式进行的(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2的若干次较小规模制备所得的其他粗产物合并。接着在-28英寸汞柱的真空下,在86℃蒸馏(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2并且收集79g的>99%纯产物。总体产率为56%。表1显示根据蒸馏和TSU数据所估算的(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2蒸气压数据。
表1.(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2的蒸气压数据
温度(℃) | 压力(托) |
86 | 38 |
100 | 72 |
150 | 140 |
(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2的合成类似地利用相同莫耳比进行,但用二乙胺代替二异丙胺。
实例2:合成(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHiPr
将300g异丙胺(3.0mol)装入作为反应器的1升过滤瓶中,该过滤瓶装备有顶置式机械搅拌器、氮气鼓泡器、冷却器和氢化物洗涤器。将60g(0.4mol)氯三甲硅烷基胺装入滴液漏斗中。将滴液漏斗附接至反应器。向滴液漏斗中添加氮气吹扫气体以防止在漏斗尖口形成盐。冷却器设定为18℃并且在1.5时间段内经由滴液漏斗添加氯三甲硅烷基胺。在添加期间,反应器温度设定为22℃-23℃。添加完成之后,使反应器搅拌0.5小时。
接着过滤胺盐酸盐。滤饼用两个50ml异丙胺等分试样冲洗。蒸馏出大部分异丙胺,得到72g粗产物。将粗产物与以类似方式进行的(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHiPr的若干次较小规模制备所得的其他粗产物合并。接着在-28英寸汞柱的真空下,在86℃蒸馏(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHiPr并且收集79g的>99%纯产物。
实例3:合成(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Br及(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2
(SiH3)2N-SiH2-Br及(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2可通过SnBr4与TSA反应而获得:SnBr4+H3SiN(SiH3)2=BrH2SiN(SiH3)2+(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2+SnBr2+HBr。上述反应的副产物HBr接着可通过与起始物质TSA反应而移除,即N(SiH3)3+4HBr=NH4Br+3BrSiH3。合成方法如下。
将化学计算量过量的TSA装入具有经PTFE涂布的磁性蛋型搅拌子的圆底烧瓶中。必要时,可向烧瓶中添加溶剂(例如十二烷)和HBr清除剂(例如三丁胺),随后添加TSA。烧瓶装配有冷指冷凝器或蒸馏头。液体添加漏斗附接至烧瓶且装入SnBr4于溶剂(诸如苯甲醚或十二烷)中的溶液。接着可将烧瓶冷却且向烧瓶中逐滴添加SnBr4溶液。烧瓶的顶部空间可在氮气大气压下或在减压下保持以便当HBr形成时将其移除。
添加完成之后,可通过对一个或多个捕集器抽真空来收集挥发性产物。接着可通过GCMS分析收集到的挥发性产物。发现在用SnBr4处理TSA后,形成(SiH3)2N(SiH2Br)及(SiH3)2N(SiH2N(SiH3)2)。还鉴别出以下副产物:硅烷、溴硅烷、二溴三硅烷胺。还发现溶剂和未反应的SnBr4(在一些情况下)。
所得(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2在室温(约22℃)下为液体,其熔点为约-106℃且沸点为约131℃。蒸气压在27℃下经计算为约8hPa。
对比实例1
在DNF有限公司的WO 2015/190749中,实例1披露通过使正戊烷中的氯二甲基硅烷[Me2HSiCl]与NH3发生反应以形成四甲基二硅氮烷[(Me2SiH)2NH]来合成二甲基氨基二甲基甲硅烷基双二甲基甲硅烷基胺[(Me2SiH)2NSiMe2(NMe2)]。接着使四甲基硅氮烷与正己烷溶剂中的n-BuLi反应以形成(Me2SiH)2N-Li。向混合物中添加氯二甲基二甲基氨基硅烷[ClSiMe2(NMe2)],接着形成(Me2SiH)2NSiMe2(NMe2)产物。
本领域技术人员将认识到,实例1中所述的合成方法不适于产生含有(SiH3)2N-部分的本文所披露的分子。DNF提出的合成方法需要合成并分离胺(SiH3)2NH,随后用液相强碱tBuLi处理。文献中已熟知(SiH3)2NH胺可以其气相制备且处置,但在液相中不稳定且分解,即使在0℃。参见例如“Silicon-nitrogen compounds.VI.Preparation and propertiesof disilazane[硅-氮化合物.VI.二硅硅氮烷的制备和特性]”;Aylett,Bernard J.;Hakim,M.J.;Journal of the Chemical Society[Section]A[化学学会会刊A部分]:Inorganic,Physical,Theoretical[无机物理理论],1969,4,639-642。更具体地说,(SiH3)2NH在弱碱(诸如液体NH3)存在下快速歧化(同上)。因此,本领域技术人员将认识到碱性强得多的碱(诸如tBuLi)将引起甚至更快速歧化。因此,预期本领域技术人员无法成功地合成所需(SiH3)2NLi中间盐,其为下一步合成所必须的。
WO 2015/190749的实例1中所述的用于制备具有式(SiHR2)2NH的胺的方法意指使氯硅烷SiHR2Cl与NH3以化学计算量发生反应。Stock等人报导,在SiH3X(X=Cl、Br、I)的情况下,此方法不可能分离出气态(SiH3)2NH,原因在于该反应不能终止于经双取代的产物并且形成经参取代的胺(SiH3)3N。参见例如Stock,A.及Somieski,C.;Chem.Ber.[化学学报],1921,54B,740。所有前述论点,加之完全缺乏描述形成其中每个硅原子上具有超过一个氢离子的甲硅烷基胺化锂的任何参考文献,证明不可能通过WO 2015/190749所述的合成途径制备含有(SiH3)2N或(SiH2R)2N的氨基硅烷。
相比的下,如实例1至实例3所示,诸位申请人已通过使用(SiH3)2N-SiH2Cl作为起始物质来成功地合成所披露的含有(SiH3)2N的化合物。
实例4
以下PEALD测试是使用Picosun R200PEALD 8"沉积工具、使用4"晶片来进行。将呈气相的经单取代的TSA前体递送至如图3所示的Picosun工具中。
使用(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2作为形成含硅膜的组合物10来进行ALD测试,该组合物置放于加热至70℃且以O2等离子体作为氧化反应物的安瓿中。使用典型的ALD条件,其中反应器50压力固定于约9hPa(1hPa=100Pa=1mbar)。使用3向气动阀51,经由在安瓿中过压力而将两次0.1秒脉冲的前体蒸气引入沉积室中。通过0.5秒暂停来分隔0.1秒脉冲。4秒N2吹扫将任何过量的前体移除。16秒等离子体O2脉冲之后为3秒N2吹扫。重复执行该方法直至获得300埃的最小厚度。使用加热至70℃、150℃及300℃的基板进行沉积。通过在指定循环内增加前体脉冲次数的实际自限制ALD生长行为已得到验证,如图4所示。
还使用先前技术SiH2(NEt2)2前体作为形成含硅膜的组合物10来进行ALD测试,将该组合物置放于加热至60℃且以O2等离子体作为氧化反应物的安瓿中。诸位申请人相信在若干中商业方法中,现使用SiH2(NEt2)2沉积SiO2。使用典型的ALD条件,其中反应器压力固定于约9hPa(1hPa=100Pa=1mbar)。使用3向气动阀,经由在安瓿中的过压力而将两次0.1秒脉冲的前体蒸气引入沉积室中。通过0.5秒暂停来分隔0.1秒脉冲。4秒N2吹扫将任何过量的前体移除。16秒等离子体O2脉冲之后为3秒N2吹扫。重复执行该方法直至达到300埃的最小厚度。在70℃、150℃、200℃及300℃进行沉积。如图5所示,每个循环的生长量随着温度升高而降低。
表1概述结果:
SiH2(NEt2)2 | (SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2 | |
生长速率,70℃1 | 1.42埃/循环 | 3.10埃/循环 |
生长速率,300℃1 | 0.98埃/循环 | 2.05埃/循环 |
湿式蚀刻速率,70℃2 | 9.4埃/秒 | 8.8埃/秒 |
湿式蚀刻速率,150℃2 | 7.2埃/秒 | 6.7埃/秒 |
湿式蚀刻速率,300℃2 | 6.6埃/秒 | 6.7埃/秒 |
反射率,70℃3 | 1.432 | 1.460 |
碳原子%,70℃4 | 0.05% | TBD |
碳原子%,150℃4 | 0.045% | 0.015%-0.03% |
氢原子%,150℃4 | 约10% | 约10% |
氮原子%,150℃4 | 0.015% | 0.1% |
在晶片非均一性范围内5 | 2.84% | 2.90% |
1在所述温度下沉积的膜的生长速率
2在所述温度下沉积的膜的湿式蚀刻速率
3在70℃沉积的膜的折射率
4在所述温度下沉积的膜的原子百分比,如二次离子质谱(SIMS)所测定)。当通过SIMS量测时,氢含量易存在不确定性,如本领域技术人员所认识的。
5在200℃所沉积的膜的晶片非均一性范围内,如通过椭偏仪在6英寸硅晶片上所测定。此参数未经优化并且预期从工业工具会产生较好均一性。
如所见,在70℃与300℃(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2所产生的膜的生长速率比SiH2(NEt2)2的那些好得多。在70℃,(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2的湿式蚀刻速率及折射率比SiH2(NEt2)2好得多,两者均表明形成好得多、更致密的氧化膜。
实例5
使用(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2进行沉积氮掺杂氧化硅的ALD测试,将(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2置放于加热至70℃的安瓿中,其中以O2等离子体作为氧化反应物并且以NH3等离子体作为另一种反应物。使用典型的ALD条件,其中反应器压力固定于约9hPa。使用3向气动阀,经由在安瓿中的过压力而将两次0.1秒脉冲的前体蒸气引入沉积室中。通过0.5秒暂停来分隔0.1秒脉冲。4秒N2吹扫将任何过量的前体移除。16秒等离子体O2脉冲之后为3秒N2吹扫。使用3向气动阀,经由在安瓿中的过压力而将两次0.1秒脉冲的前体蒸气引入沉积室中。通过0.5秒暂停来分隔0.1秒脉冲。4秒N2吹扫将任何过量的前体移除。11秒等离子体NH3脉冲之后为3秒吹扫。重复执行完整方法(前体-等离子体O2-前体-等离子体NH3)直至厚度达到至少300埃。在150℃进行沉积。
所得SiO2膜具有3.2埃/秒的湿式蚀刻速率以及约1%的氮浓度。发现此类低蚀刻速率有益于基于间隔的双重图案化,以便在使用ALD沉积的氧化硅膜作为掩膜时,能够使转移层具有较低的边缘粗糙度。本领域技术人员会认识到,所得膜中的氧与氮含量比可通过调节含O反应物和含N反应物脉冲的次数、顺序或/和持续时间来调节。申请人认为SiO2膜中的约0.5%至约5%的氮浓度有益于根据间隔定义的图案化应用。
实例6
ALD测试均使用(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2进行,将(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2置放于加热至26℃且以O2等离子体作为氧化反应物的安瓿中。使用典型的ALD条件,其中反应器压力固定于约9hPa。使用3向气动阀,经由在安瓿中的过压力而将三次0.1秒脉冲的前体蒸气引入沉积室中。通过0.5秒暂停来分隔0.1秒脉冲。4秒N2吹扫将任何过量的前体移除。16秒等离子体O2脉冲之后为3秒N2吹扫。重复执行完整方法(前体-等离子体O2-)直至厚度达到至少300埃。如图6所示,每个循环的生长量随着沉积温度自150℃升高至300℃而增加。图6还显示五次0.1秒脉冲相对于三次0.1秒脉冲的比较性每个循环生长量结果。两者均为约0.6埃/循环,表明真实的ALD饱和,原因在于经由5次脉冲引入的较大量的前体未使得生长速率比3次脉冲所制得的膜高。
在150℃,生长速率为约0.58埃/循环并且产生具有1.45折射率的膜。为了比较,试图使用纯TSA、在类似条件下通过ALD生长SiO2膜尚未产生任何膜,从而证明化学官能化有益于增强与表面羟基的反应性。
尽管已示出且描述了本发明的实施例,但本领域技术人员可在不脱离本发明的精神或传授内容的情况下对其进行修改。本文所述的实施例仅具例示性而非限制性。组成和方法的许多变化和修改是可能的且在本发明的范围内。因此,保护范围不限于在此所描述的实施例,而仅受随后的权利要求书所限定,其范围应包括这些权利要求的主题的所有等效物。
Claims (16)
1.一种形成含硅膜的组合物,该组合物包含具有下式的经单取代的TSA前体:
(SiH3)2N-SiH2-X
其中X是选自从Cl、Br或I中选择的卤素原子,异氰酸酯基[-NCO],氨基[-NR1R2],含N的C4-C10饱和或不饱和杂环,或烷氧基[-O-R];R1、R2和R各自选自H,C1-C6直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烃基,或甲硅烷基[SiR'3],其中每个R'独立地选自H,从Cl、Br或I中选择的卤素原子,C1-C4饱和或不饱和烃基,C1-C4饱和或不饱和烷氧基,或氨基[-NR3R4],其中每个R3及R4选自H或C1-C6直链或支链、饱和或不饱和烃基,其前提是若R1=H,则R2≠H或Me。
2.如权利要求1所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中X=Cl。
3.如权利要求1所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中X=NR1R2且R1及R2各自独立地选自H、Me、Et或iPr。
4.如权利要求3所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中该经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NiPr2。
5.如权利要求3所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中该经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NEt2。
6.如权利要求3所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中该经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-NHiPr。
7.如权利要求1所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中X=-N(SiR3)2,且每个R独立地选自卤素、H或C1-C4烷基。
8.如权利要求7所述的形成含硅膜的组合物,其中该经单取代的TSA前体为(SiH3)2N-SiH2-N(SiH3)2。
9.一种形成含硅膜的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
将包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的形成含硅膜的组合物的蒸气引入含有基板的反应器中;
使用气相沉积法在该基板上沉积该经单取代的TSA前体的至少一部分,以在该基板上形成该含硅膜。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中该气相沉积法为原子层沉积法或化学气相沉积法。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括将反应物和/或包含第二前体的第二蒸气递送至该反应器中的步骤。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中该基板是选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:硅晶片、玻璃基板和塑料基板。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中该基板是用图案化或未图案化的有机或无机膜涂布的。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,进一步包括将第二反应物递送至该反应器中的步骤,该第二反应物不同于该反应物,该第二反应物选自下组,该组由以下各项组成:O2、O3、H2O、H2O2、NO、NO2、N2O、醇、二醇、羧酸、酮、醚、O原子、O自由基、O离子、氨、N2、N原子、N自由基、N离子、饱和或不饱和肼、胺、二胺、乙醇胺、H2、H原子、H自由基、H离子及其组合。
15.一种氮掺杂的氧化硅膜,该膜通过如下方法形成:
将包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的形成含硅膜的组合物的蒸气引入含有基板的反应器中;
通过将氧化剂引入该反应器中而使该氧化剂与该含硅层发生反应以形成氧化含硅层;
通过将该经单取代的TSA前体引入该反应器中而使该经单取代的TSA前体与该氧化含硅层发生反应以形成富硅的氧化含硅层;
通过将含氮反应物引入该反应器中而使该含氮反应物与该含硅层发生反应以形成该氮掺杂的氧化硅膜。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括在每个引入步骤之间,用惰性气体吹扫该反应器。
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