WO2023098722A1 - 电动汽车的换电系统、电动汽车和电动汽车的换电方法 - Google Patents

电动汽车的换电系统、电动汽车和电动汽车的换电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098722A1
WO2023098722A1 PCT/CN2022/135440 CN2022135440W WO2023098722A1 WO 2023098722 A1 WO2023098722 A1 WO 2023098722A1 CN 2022135440 W CN2022135440 W CN 2022135440W WO 2023098722 A1 WO2023098722 A1 WO 2023098722A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
battery
battery pack
groove
electric vehicle
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PCT/CN2022/135440
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority to US18/575,826 priority Critical patent/US20240367545A1/en
Publication of WO2023098722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098722A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of chassis battery replacement, in particular to a battery replacement system for an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle and a battery replacement method for the electric vehicle.
  • the battery packs on electric trucks are generally installed above the longitudinal beams of the vehicle body, and the direct charge battery packs or quick-change battery packs are installed above the longitudinal beams, and the longitudinal beams are used to support the battery packs. Due to the position of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body on the electric truck is relatively high relative to the ground, and the weight of the battery pack is heavy, the center of gravity of the battery pack is high, and the stability relative to the vehicle is poor, which affects the safety of the vehicle and accounts for There is a large space behind the driver, and the driving experience for the driver is poor. In addition, since the battery pack is installed above the longitudinal beam, the battery pack can only be replaced by a hoisting structure. However, if the hoisting structure is used, the overall building of the replacement station is high, the floor area is large, the maintenance cost is high, and the safety is poor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the center of gravity of the battery pack is relatively high, the stability relative to the vehicle is relatively poor, it occupies a large space behind the driver, and the driving experience for the driver is poor, and provides a battery pack A battery swapping system for an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle and a battery swapping method for an electric vehicle.
  • a battery exchange system for an electric vehicle the electric vehicle includes two longitudinal beams, the battery exchange system includes a battery pack and several locking mechanisms, and the several locking mechanisms are respectively arranged on the two longitudinal beams
  • the top of the battery pack has a groove, the groove is used to embed the longitudinal beam, the battery pack is provided with several locking pieces, and several of the locking pieces are located in the groove Inside, the battery pack is locked in several locking mechanisms through several locking pieces so as to be connected to the longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to realize battery replacement using the chassis of the two longitudinal beams of the electric vehicle, and the center of gravity of the battery pack is located below the longitudinal beams, which can effectively reduce the center of gravity of the battery pack and increase the stability of the battery pack.
  • the locking piece is set in the groove on the top of the battery pack, making the connection between the battery pack and the longitudinal beam more stable.
  • the structure is compact and the space utilization rate is high, especially the space in the vertical direction.
  • several locking mechanisms are respectively arranged on the side walls of the two longitudinal beams and/or the bottom of the longitudinal beams.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to realize a variety of installation and setting forms of the locking mechanism, and the position can be set arbitrarily according to the space, and the connection is more stable.
  • the battery pack includes several cell accommodating cavities for placing batteries, at least part of the cell accommodating cavities are distributed on the sides of the longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, so that the battery cells in the battery pack are accommodated and placed along the width direction of the electric vehicle, so that more cells can be accommodated in the battery pack, the travel distance is longer, and the number of replacements of the battery pack is reduced; at the same time, the Higher space utilization.
  • the plurality of cell accommodation cavities include a plurality of side cell accommodation cavities, and the plurality of side cell accommodation cavities are distributed on opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the batteries placed in the multiple side battery cell accommodation chambers will be distributed on the opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams to achieve higher space utilization and increase the battery capacity of the battery pack. core capacity.
  • the several battery cell accommodation chambers also include a middle battery cell accommodation cavity, and a plurality of the side battery cell accommodation chambers are distributed in the middle battery cell On both sides of the accommodating cavity, the middle cell accommodating cavity is located below the crossbeam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and several cross beams are connected between two longitudinal beams to effectively strengthen the overall structural strength and improve the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery cells are placed in the middle battery cell cavity, which further makes full use of the space between the longitudinal beams of the electric vehicle, and realizes that the battery cells can be installed separately on both sides and the middle of the longitudinal beams to achieve space utilization. Higher, further increasing the cell capacity of the battery pack.
  • the power exchange system further includes a fixed bracket, the fixed bracket is arranged on the side wall of the longitudinal beam or the bottom of the longitudinal beam, and several locking mechanisms are arranged on the fixed bracket .
  • the fixed bracket includes two installation beams, one side of the two installation beams is respectively connected to the opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams, and several locking mechanisms are respectively connected to the two longitudinal beams. the other side of the mounting beam described above.
  • the power exchange system further includes a reinforcement for installing an electrical connector, the reinforcement is located between the two longitudinal beams, and the two ends of the reinforcement are respectively connected to the two stringer.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to facilitate the installation of the electrical connector.
  • the reinforcement has a strengthening effect, and the reinforcement is connected to the two longitudinal beams to effectively strengthen the overall structural strength of the electric vehicle and improve the safety and stability of the electric vehicle. sex.
  • the reinforcement includes a connecting piece and a mounting plate, the connecting piece is respectively connected to the two longitudinal beams and the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is used for mounting the electrical connector.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted and connected to two longitudinal beams through connectors, which has the function of strengthening the connection strength of the structure.
  • the electrical connector is installed on the mounting plate, and the installation of the electrical connector is facilitated through the mounting plate.
  • the reinforcing member further includes two reinforcing plates, the two reinforcing plates are respectively connected to the two longitudinal beams, and the reinforcing plates are connected to the connecting member and the mounting plate.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the two reinforcing plates have a reinforcing effect, which effectively strengthens the structural connection strength and improves the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking slot for inserting the locking piece, and the opening of the locking slot faces the outside of the longitudinal beam.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking seat, the locking seat has an opening groove extending in the vertical direction and a locking groove extending in the horizontal direction, the locking member is a locking shaft, and the locking The stop groove is used for inserting and locking the lock shaft, the top of the open groove communicates with the lock groove, and the lock shaft reaches from the bottom of the open groove in the vertical direction to the open groove and the lock.
  • the handover position of the stop groove enters the lock groove.
  • the above structure is adopted, and the battery pack can be locked or unlocked by moving in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, which is very convenient to install and disassemble, and has a simple structure and convenient manufacturing.
  • At least part of the locking seat is provided with a locking tongue, and the locking tongue is movably installed in the locking groove and can prevent the lock shaft from breaking out of the locking groove.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the locking member is stably inserted into the locking groove through the locking tongue, and the locking is more reliable, thereby improving the stability of the locking mechanism in the locked state.
  • the locking mechanism further includes a locking link, and the locking link is movably connected to the locking seat through the locking tongue.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking seat, the locking seat has an opening extending in the vertical direction, a first threaded part or a limiting part is provided in the opening, and the locking member There is a mating second threaded portion or stop portion.
  • the locking seat and the locking member can be locked only along the vertical direction, the installation and connection forms are diversified, the connection is more stable, and the utilization rate of the structural space is high.
  • the battery replacement system further includes several guiding and positioning mechanisms, and several of the guiding and positioning mechanisms are arranged on the longitudinal beam or the battery pack, so as to realize the accurate positioning of the battery pack on the longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the guiding and positioning mechanism has a guiding and positioning function, and the battery pack can be aligned under the force of the guiding and positioning of the guiding and positioning mechanism, so as to achieve precise positioning, and the installation and removal of the battery pack is more stable.
  • the guide positioning mechanism is an elastic positioning mechanism.
  • the elastic positioning mechanism will provide clamping force to the longitudinal beam, which can effectively prevent the large displacement and dislocation of the battery pack during use, and improve the safety and stability.
  • An electric vehicle the electric vehicle is a heavy truck or a light truck, and the electric vehicle includes the electric vehicle battery replacement system as described above.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to realize battery replacement using the chassis of the two longitudinal beams of the electric vehicle, and the center of gravity of the battery pack is located below the longitudinal beams, which greatly improves the stability and safety of the vehicle; at the same time, Compact structure, high space utilization.
  • a battery exchange method for an electric vehicle using the battery exchange system for the electric vehicle as described above, the battery exchange method comprising the following steps:
  • the locking part is controlled to be locked in place with the locking mechanism.
  • the chassis of the two longitudinal beams of the electric vehicle is used to replace the battery, which reduces the risk of failure during the battery replacement process and improves safety.
  • the chassis battery replacement system occupies a small area and the promotion cost of the replacement station is low.
  • the step of controlling the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack to a preset height also includes a preliminary positioning step
  • the initial positioning step includes controlling the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack, and a plurality of initial positioning mechanisms on the inner wall of the groove guide the initial positioning of the battery pack so that the opening of the groove is aligned with The stringer, the stringer enters the opening of the groove.
  • the battery pack is initially positioned and guided through multiple initial positioning mechanisms, which facilitates the precise alignment of the longitudinal beam with the groove and smooth entry into the groove, improving safety and stability.
  • the step of controlling the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack to a preset height further includes a fine positioning step, the fine positioning step is after the preliminary positioning step;
  • the fine positioning step includes controlling the power exchange equipment to continue lifting the battery pack, and a plurality of fine positioning mechanisms on the inner wall of the groove guide the battery pack in fine positioning, so that the groove is sleeved by the battery pack.
  • the longitudinal beam is moved to a preset position, so that the locking member on the battery pack enters the locking mechanism on the longitudinal beam.
  • the battery pack is precisely positioned and guided by multiple fine positioning mechanisms, and the locking accuracy is higher; at the same time, the phenomenon of offset and dislocation of the battery pack during use is effectively avoided, and the safety and stability are greatly improved.
  • the plurality of preliminary positioning mechanisms and the plurality of fine positioning mechanisms abut against the longitudinal beam and limit the displacement of the longitudinal beam in the groove.
  • the battery exchange system of the electric vehicle of the present invention utilizes the two longitudinal beams of the electric vehicle to realize the chassis battery exchange, and the battery pack is connected to the locking structure on the two longitudinal beams through the locking piece in the top groove, so that the battery pack is connected to the two longitudinal beams.
  • the connection of the longitudinal beam is more stable, so that the center of gravity of the battery pack is under the longitudinal beam, which can effectively reduce the center of gravity of the battery pack, increase the stability of the battery pack, and improve the stability and safety of the vehicle by a large space; at the same time, the structure is compact , high space utilization, especially the space in the vertical direction.
  • the chassis battery replacement through the chassis battery replacement, the risk of failure during the battery replacement process is reduced, and the safety is improved, and the chassis battery replacement system occupies a small area, and the promotion cost of the battery replacement station is low.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a power exchange system and two longitudinal beams according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of two longitudinal beams and a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the two longitudinal beams and the locking mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the power exchange system according to the embodiment of the present invention before installation.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the power swap system according to the embodiment of the present invention at initial positioning.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery swapping system according to the embodiment of the present invention during fine positioning.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the power swapping system according to the embodiment of the present invention after the installation is completed.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method for battery replacement of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a flow chart of controlling the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack to a preset height according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Battery pack 1 Groove 11; Locking piece 12; Side cell storage cavity 13; Middle cell storage cavity 14; Locking mechanism 2; Locking seat 21; Lock tongue 22; Locking rod 23; Cell 3 ; Mounting beam 4; reinforcement 5; mounting plate 51; connector 52; reinforcement plate 53; electrical connector 6; initial positioning mechanism 7;
  • this embodiment discloses an electric vehicle, which is a commercial vehicle such as a heavy truck or a light truck.
  • the electric vehicle comprises a power exchange system and two longitudinal beams 10 of the electric vehicle.
  • the power exchange system of the electric vehicle includes a battery pack 1 and several locking mechanisms 2, the several locking mechanisms 2 are respectively arranged on two longitudinal beams 10, the top of the battery pack 1 has a groove 11, and the groove 11 is used for
  • the longitudinal beam 10 is embedded, and the battery pack 1 is provided with several locking pieces 12, and the several locking pieces 12 are located in the groove 11, and the battery pack 1 is locked to several locking mechanisms 2 through several locking pieces 12.
  • the battery pack 1 By setting the groove 11 on the top of the battery pack 1, the battery pack 1 moves to the electric replacement station below the longitudinal beam 10, and moves upward through the battery pack 1, so that the longitudinal beam 10 is embedded in the groove 11, and the battery pack 1.
  • the locking member 12 in the groove 11 is connected to the locking structure on the two longitudinal beams 10, so that the battery pack 1 is installed on the two longitudinal beams 10, and the battery pack 1 and the longitudinal beams 10 are connected The connection is more stable. Otherwise, the battery pack 1 can be disassembled from the two longitudinal beams 10 .
  • the battery pack 1 includes several cell accommodating cavities for placing the cells 3 , at least part of the cell accommodating cavities are distributed on the sides of the longitudinal beam 10 .
  • the battery cells 3 in the battery pack 1 are accommodated along the width direction of the electric vehicle, not only through the longitudinal beam 10 along the height direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the batteries 3 are placed to accommodate more batteries 3 in the battery pack 1, and the travel distance is longer, reducing the number of replacements of the battery pack 1; at the same time, a higher space utilization rate is achieved.
  • the several battery cell accommodation chambers include a plurality of side battery cell accommodation chambers 13 , and the plurality of side battery cell accommodation chambers 13 are distributed on opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams 10 .
  • the battery cells 3 placed in the multiple side battery cell accommodation cavities 13 will be distributed on opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams 10 to achieve higher space utilization and increase the capacity of the battery cells 3 in the battery pack 1 .
  • the several cell accommodation chambers also include a central cell accommodation chamber 14, and a plurality of side cell accommodation chambers 13 are distributed on both sides of the middle cell accommodation chamber 14, and the middle electric cell accommodation chambers
  • the core accommodating cavity 14 is located below the beam and between the two longitudinal beams 10 .
  • a plurality of beams are connected between two longitudinal beams 10 to effectively strengthen the overall structural strength and improve the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the electric core 3 that is used for placing in the middle electric core receiving chamber 14 thus has further made full use of the space between the two longitudinal beams 10 of the electric vehicle, realizes that the two sides and the middle of the longitudinal beam 10 can install electric batteries respectively.
  • the core 3 achieves a higher space utilization rate, especially the space in the vertical direction, which further increases the capacity of the battery cell 3 of the battery pack 1 .
  • the battery pack 1 has two side cell accommodating chambers 13 and a middle cell accommodating chamber 14, and the height of the middle cell accommodating chamber 14 is smaller than that of the side cells.
  • the two grooves 11 are respectively located between the side battery receiving cavity 13 and the middle battery receiving cavity 14 .
  • the battery pack 1 has two side cell accommodating cavities 13 , and the groove is located between the two side cell accommodating cavities 13 .
  • several locking mechanisms 2 can be respectively arranged on the side walls of the two longitudinal beams 10 .
  • several locking mechanisms 2 may also be respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two longitudinal beams 10 .
  • the locking mechanism 2 can be installed in a variety of forms, and the position can be set arbitrarily according to the space, and the connection is more stable.
  • several locking mechanisms 2 can be directly installed on the side walls of the two longitudinal beams 10 and/or the bottom of the longitudinal beams 10 .
  • the power exchange system further includes a fixed bracket, which is arranged on the side wall of the longitudinal beam 10 or the bottom of the longitudinal beam 10 , and several locking mechanisms 2 are all arranged on the fixed bracket.
  • a fixed bracket which is arranged on the side wall of the longitudinal beam 10 or the bottom of the longitudinal beam 10 , and several locking mechanisms 2 are all arranged on the fixed bracket.
  • the fixed bracket includes two installation beams 4 , one side of the two installation beams 4 is respectively connected to the opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams 10 , and several locking mechanisms 2 are respectively connected to the other sides of the two installation beams 4 .
  • Several locking mechanisms 2 are installed on the two mounting beams 4, and the two mounting beams 4 are respectively installed on the opposite sides of the two longitudinal beams 10, thereby realizing the installation of several locking mechanisms 2, installing High precision; at the same time, the strength of the power exchange system is improved, and the stability is higher.
  • the locking mechanism 2 includes a locking slot for inserting the locking member 12 , and the opening of the locking slot faces the outside of the longitudinal beam 10 .
  • the groove 11 will be sleeved on the longitudinal beam 10, and the locking piece 12 in the groove 11 will be inserted into the locking groove through the opening of the locking groove, so as to realize the connection between the locking piece 12 and the locking mechanism 2.
  • locked the locking member 12 will move out of the locking groove, so that the battery pack 1 and the two longitudinal beams 10 can be disengaged from each other, thereby realizing the unlocking of the locking member 12 and the locking mechanism 2 .
  • the locking member 12 is easy to be inserted into the lock groove, and the structure of the lock groove is simple, and the processing is convenient.
  • the locking mechanism 2 includes a locking seat 21, and several locking seats 21 are respectively arranged on two side walls of the two longitudinal beams 10 facing away from each other, as shown in Fig. As shown in FIG. 3 , several locking pieces 12 are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface of the groove 11 , and the locking pieces 12 are arranged opposite to the corresponding locking seats 21 .
  • several locking seats 21 are respectively disposed at the bottoms of the two longitudinal beams 10 , and several locking members 12 are disposed at the bottom of the groove 11 .
  • the locking seat 21 has an open slot extending vertically and a locking slot extending horizontally, the locking piece 12 is a locking shaft, and the locking slot is used for inserting the locking piece 12 Locking, the top of the opening groove communicates with the locking groove, and the locking member 12 enters the locking groove from the bottom of the opening groove to the junction of the opening groove and the locking groove along the vertical direction.
  • At least part of the locking seat 21 is provided with a locking tongue 22, which is movably installed in the locking groove and can prevent the locking member 12 from disengaging from the locking groove.
  • a locking tongue 22 which is movably installed in the locking groove and can prevent the locking member 12 from disengaging from the locking groove.
  • the locking tongue 22 extending into the locking groove, the locking member 12 can be prevented from breaking away from the locking groove, so that the locking member 12 can be stably inserted into the locking groove, and the locking is more reliable, thereby improving the locking mechanism 2 in the locking groove. Stability in the locked state.
  • the locking mechanism 2 further includes a locking link 23 , which is movably connected to the locking seat 21 through the locking tongue 22 .
  • the lock connecting rod 23 will drive the dead bolt 22 to close or open the locking groove under the action of external force, and the locking is more reliable; at the same time, the simultaneous unlocking or locking of multiple dead bolts 22 can be realized through the lock connecting rod 23, which is very convenient to use. cut costs.
  • the locking member 12 moves upwards in the vertical direction, reaches the intersection position between the opening groove and the locking groove from the bottom of the opening groove, and then the locking member 12 moves horizontally and enters the locking groove, so that the lock
  • the locking member 12 is inserted and locked into the locking groove to realize the locking of the locking member 12 and the locking mechanism 2 .
  • the locking member 12 will move horizontally to the intersection position between the opening groove and the locking groove, and then the locking member 12 will move downwards in the vertical direction, so that the locking member 12 will disengage from the bottom of the opening groove.
  • the locking seat 21 realizes the unlocking of the locking member 12 and the locking mechanism 2 .
  • the battery pack 1 can be locked or unlocked by moving in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. It is very convenient to install and disassemble, and has a simple structure and convenient manufacturing.
  • the locking seat 21 has a first opening extending along the vertical direction, a first threaded portion or a limiting portion is provided in the first opening, and the locking member 12 has a matching second thread part or stop part, the locking seat 21 and the locking member 12 are vertically locked up and down.
  • the locking seat 21 and the locking member 12 cooperate with each other through any one of screw connection, clip connection, buckle connection, plug connection, hook connection and mortise connection to realize the installation and connection of the battery pack. on stringer 10.
  • the power exchange system also includes a reinforcing member 5 for installing the electrical connector 6, the reinforcing member 5 is located between the two longitudinal beams 10, and the two ends of the reinforcing member 5 are respectively connected to the two longitudinal beams 10 .
  • the reinforcing member 5 has a strengthening effect, and the reinforcing member 5 is connected with the two longitudinal beams 10 to effectively strengthen the overall structural strength of the electric vehicle and improve the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the reinforcement 5 includes a connecting piece 52 and a mounting plate 51 , the connecting piece 52 is respectively connected to the two longitudinal beams 10 and the mounting plate 51 , and the mounting plate 51 is used for mounting the electrical connector 6 . It is connected to the two longitudinal beams 10 through the connecting piece 52, which has the effect of strengthening the connection strength of the structure.
  • the electrical connector 6 is installed on the mounting board 51 , and the installation of the electrical connector 6 is facilitated through the mounting board 51 .
  • the reinforcing member 5 further includes two reinforcing plates 53 connected to the two longitudinal beams 10 respectively, and the reinforcing plates 53 are connected to the connecting member 52 and the mounting plate 51 .
  • the two reinforcing plates 53 have a reinforcing effect, which effectively strengthens the structural connection strength and improves the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • an accommodating space is formed between the mounting plate 51 , the connecting piece 52 and the two reinforcing plates 53 , and the electrical connector 6 will be disposed in the accommodating space.
  • the reinforcing member 5 will have a shielding and protecting effect on the electrical connector 6, and the safety and stability are higher.
  • the electrical connector 6 includes a detachable electrical connector at the vehicle end and an electrical connector at the battery end.
  • the electrical connector at the vehicle end is disposed on the mounting plate 51
  • the electrical connector at the battery end is disposed on the battery pack 1 .
  • the car-side electrical connector and the battery-side electrical connector adopt two standard connectors, which improves safety and carrying capacity. At the same time, due to the standard parts, the cost is relatively low and more economical.
  • the power exchange system also includes several guiding and positioning mechanisms, which are arranged on the longitudinal beam 10 or the battery pack 1 to realize the accurate positioning of the battery pack 1 on the longitudinal beam 10 .
  • the guiding and positioning mechanism has a guiding and positioning function, and the battery pack 1 can be aligned under the force of the guiding and positioning of the guiding and positioning mechanism, so as to realize precise positioning and make the installation and disassembly of the battery pack 1 more stable.
  • several guiding and positioning mechanisms include a plurality of preliminary positioning mechanisms 7, and a plurality of preliminary positioning mechanisms 7 are arranged on the inner wall surface of the battery pack 1 at intervals, and a plurality of preliminary positioning mechanisms 7 are connected with the lock
  • the stopper 12 is located on the same side, and a plurality of initial positioning mechanisms 7 cooperate with the longitudinal beam 10 or the locking mechanism 2 on the longitudinal beam 10 to guide the initial positioning of the battery pack 1 .
  • guiding and positioning mechanisms include a plurality of fine positioning mechanisms 8, and the plurality of fine positioning mechanisms 8 are respectively arranged at intervals on the inner wall surface of the battery pack 1.
  • the beams 10 cooperate with each other to precisely position and guide the battery pack 1 .
  • the guiding and positioning mechanism is an elastic positioning mechanism.
  • the elastic positioning mechanism includes a mounting shell, a positioning part and an elastic part.
  • the mounting shell is fixed on the battery pack 1.
  • the inside of the mounting shell has a receiving cavity. It is located at the installation opening, and the outer side of the positioning part protrudes from the installation opening and abuts against the side of the longitudinal beam 10.
  • the elastic member acts on the inner side of the positioning part, and transmits a changing force between the positioning part and the installation shell. To provide outward clamping force to the stringer 10.
  • the top of the outer surface of the installation shell has a first sliding surface.
  • the top of the positioning portion protruding from the installation opening has a second sliding surface.
  • this embodiment also discloses a battery exchange method for an electric vehicle, using the battery exchange system for an electric vehicle as described above, and the battery exchange method includes the following steps:
  • Step S100 controlling the battery replacement equipment to move the battery pack 1 to the battery replacement station below the longitudinal beam 10 , so that the groove 11 on the top of the battery pack 1 is aligned with the longitudinal beam 10 .
  • Step S200 control the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack 1 to a preset height, make the locking member 12 on the battery pack 1 enter the locking mechanism 2 on the longitudinal beam 10, and make the grooves 11 on the top of the battery pack 1 set Set on the stringer 10.
  • Step S300 controlling the locking member 12 to lock into place with the locking mechanism 2 .
  • the battery pack 1 is added to the bottom of the electric vehicle from the side of the electric vehicle, and the battery pack 1 is moved to the battery replacement station under the electric vehicle through the walking and movement of the battery replacement equipment, so that the groove 11 on the top of the battery pack 1 and the longitudinal beam can be realized. 10 alignment, so as to achieve precise control, high safety and stability.
  • the power exchange equipment lifts the battery pack 1 to move the battery pack 1 upwards in the vertical direction, so that the battery pack 1 is lifted and moved to a preset height, so that the locking member 12 passes through the opening slot Move to the intersection position of the opening groove and the locking groove; finally, control the locking member 12 to enter into the locking groove to realize locking with the locking mechanism 2 in place.
  • Realizing battery replacement using the chassis of two longitudinal beams 10 of the electric vehicle reduces the risk of failure during the battery replacement process and improves safety.
  • the chassis battery replacement system occupies a small area and the promotion cost of the replacement station is low.
  • the step of controlling the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack 1 to a preset height also includes an initial positioning step
  • Step 210 the initial positioning step includes controlling the power exchange equipment to lift the battery pack 1, and multiple initial positioning mechanisms 7 on the inner wall of the groove 11 guide the battery pack 1 for initial positioning, so that the opening of the groove 11 is aligned with the longitudinal beam 10, The stringer 10 enters the opening of the groove 11 .
  • a plurality of initial positioning mechanisms 7 cooperate with the longitudinal beam 10 or the locking mechanism 2 on the longitudinal beam 10 to guide the initial positioning of the battery pack 1, so that the longitudinal beam 10 can be accurately aligned with the groove 11 and enter into the groove 11 smoothly. Internally, security and stability are improved.
  • a fine positioning step is also included, and the fine positioning step is after the initial positioning step;
  • Step S220 the fine positioning step includes controlling the power exchange equipment to continue to lift the battery pack 1, and the multiple fine positioning mechanisms 8 on the inner wall of the groove 11 perform fine positioning and guidance on the battery pack 1, so that the groove 11 is set with the longitudinal beam 10 to the predetermined position. Set the position so that the locking member 12 on the battery pack 1 enters the locking mechanism 2 on the longitudinal beam 10 .
  • the longitudinal beam 10 will enter the groove 11, and the fine positioning step starts, and a plurality of fine positioning mechanisms 8 cooperate with the longitudinal beam 10 to guide and lock the battery pack 1 precisely.
  • the precision is higher; at the same time, it effectively avoids the phenomenon of offset and dislocation of the battery pack 1 during use, and greatly improves the safety and stability.
  • the plurality of preliminary positioning mechanisms 7 and the plurality of fine positioning mechanisms 8 abut against the longitudinal beam 10 and limit the displacement of the longitudinal beam 10 in the groove 11 .
  • a plurality of preliminary positioning mechanisms 7 and a plurality of fine positioning mechanisms 8 respectively abut on both sides of the longitudinal beam 10, thereby effectively limiting the tilt displacement of the longitudinal beam 10 in the horizontal direction, and having higher safety and stability.
  • the unloaded battery pack can directly enter the space below the battery pack without contacting the bottom of the electric vehicle. Interference occurs; when the battery pack is installed by the power exchange equipment, the power exchange equipment carrying the battery pack can also directly enter the bottom of the longitudinal beam for power exchange without interfering with the bottom of the electric vehicle.
  • the power exchange equipment carrying the battery pack can also directly enter the bottom of the longitudinal beam for power exchange without interfering with the bottom of the electric vehicle.

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Abstract

一种电动汽车的换电系统、电动汽车和电动汽车的换电方法，该电动汽车包括两个纵梁和换电系统，该换电系统包括电池包以及若干个锁止机构，若干个锁止机构分别设置于两个纵梁上，电池包的顶部具有凹槽，凹槽用于嵌设纵梁，电池包上设有若干个锁止件，若干个锁止件位于凹槽内，电池包通过若干个锁止件锁止于若干个锁止机构内以连接于纵梁上。该电动汽车利用两个纵梁的底盘换电，电池包通过凹槽内的锁止件与两个纵梁上的锁止机构相连接，使电池包的重心处于纵梁的下方，有效降低电池包的重心，增加电池包的稳定性，对车辆平稳性、安全性有较大提升；该电动汽车结构紧凑，空间利用率高，尤其是竖直方向上的空间。

Description

电动汽车的换电系统、电动汽车和电动汽车的换电方法
本申请要求申请日为申请日为2021年12月31日的中国专利申请CN2021116739916的优先权、2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067637的优先权、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067815的优先权、以及申请日为2021年11月30日的中国专利申请CN2021114443838的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及底盘换电技术领域，特别涉及一种电动汽车的换电系统、电动汽车和电动汽车的换电方法。
背景技术
近几年来，新能源汽车发展迅速，依靠蓄电池作为驱动能源的电动车辆，具有零排放，噪声小的优势，随着电动汽车的市场占有率和使用频率也越来越高，目前电动商用车，如电动重型卡车、电动轻型卡车等开始逐渐广泛应用，换电技术也逐步应用到商用车领域。
目前，电动卡车上的电池包普遍设置在车身纵梁的上方，直充电池包或者快换电池包安装在纵梁的上方，利用纵梁来实现对电池包的支撑作用。由于车身纵梁梁在电动卡车上所处位置相对地面较高，而且电池包重量较重，使得电池包的重心较高，相对车辆的稳定性较差，从而影响车辆行驶的安全性，并且占驾驶员后方较大空间，对司机的驾驶体验较差。另外，由于电池包设置在纵梁上方，只能通过吊装结构对电池包进行更换，而采用吊装结构，换电站整体建筑较高，占地面积大，维护成本高且安全性差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中电池包的重心较高，相对车辆的稳定性较差，占驾驶员后方较大空间，对司机的驾驶体验较差的缺陷，提供一种电动汽车的换电系统、电动汽车和电动汽车的换电方法。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种电动汽车的换电系统，所述电动汽车包括两个纵梁，所述换电系统包括电池包以及若干个锁止机构，若干个所述锁止机构分别设置于两个所述纵梁上，所述电池包的顶部具有凹槽，所述凹槽用于嵌设所述纵梁，所述电池包上设有若干个锁止件，若干个所述锁止件位于所述凹槽内，所述电池包通过若干个所述锁止件锁止于若干个所述锁止机构内以连接于所述纵梁上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，实现利用电动汽车两个纵梁的底盘换电，且实现电池包的重心处于纵梁的下方，能够有效降低电池包的重心，增加电池包的稳定性，对车辆平稳性、安全性提升一个较大空间；锁止件设于电池包顶部的凹槽内，使得电池包与纵梁的连接更加稳固。同时，结构紧凑，空间利用率高，尤其是竖直方向上的空间。
较佳地，若干个所述锁止机构分别设置于两个所述纵梁的侧壁和/或所述纵梁的底部。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，实现锁止机构安装设置形式多样化，可以根据空间来任意设置位置，且连接更加稳定。
较佳地，所述电池包包括若干个用于放置电芯的电芯容纳腔，至少部分所述电芯容纳腔分布于所述纵梁的侧部。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，使得电池包内的电芯沿电动汽车的宽度方向容纳放置，实现电池包内容纳电芯更多，行程更远，减少电池包的更换次数；同时，实现空间利用率更高。
较佳地，若干个所述电芯容纳腔包括多个侧部电芯容纳腔，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于两个所述纵梁相背的两侧。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，多个侧部电芯容纳腔内放置的电芯将分布在两个纵梁相背的两侧，实现空间利用率更高，增大了电池包的电芯容量。
较佳地，两个所述纵梁之间连接有若干横梁，若干个所述电芯容纳腔还包括中部电芯容纳腔，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于所述中部电芯容纳腔的两侧，所述中部电芯容纳腔位于所述横梁的下方。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过若干横梁连接在两个纵梁之间，有效加强整体结构强度，提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。同时，中部电芯容纳腔内用于放置的电芯，从而进一步充分利用了电动汽车的纵梁之间的空间，实现在纵梁的两侧和中间都能够分别安装电芯，实现空间利用率更高，进一步增大了电池包的电芯容量。
较佳地，所述换电系统还包括固定支架，所述固定支架设置于所述纵梁的侧壁或所述纵梁的底部，若干个所述锁止机构均设置于所述固定支架上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，便于将若干个锁止机构的安装，且安装精度高；同时，提高了换电系统的强度，稳定性更高。
较佳地，所述固定支架包括两个安装梁，两个所述安装梁的一侧分别连接于两个所述纵梁的相背侧面，若干个所述锁止机构分别连接于两个所述安装梁的另一侧。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，实现将若干个锁止机构的安装，安装精度高；同时，提高了换电系统的强度，稳定性更高。
较佳地，所述换电系统还包括用于安装电连接器的加强件，所述加强件位于两个所述纵梁之间，且所述加强件的两端分别连接于两个所述纵梁。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，便于电连接器的安装，加强件具有加强作用，通过加强件与两个纵梁相连接，有效加强电动汽车的整体结构强度，提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。
较佳地，所述加强件包括连接件和安装板，所述连接件分别连接于两个所述纵梁和安装板，所述安装板用于安装所述电连接器。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过连接件连接于两个纵梁，具有加强结构连接强度作用。电连接器将安装设置在安装板上，通过安装板便于电连接器的安装。
较佳地，所述加强件还包括两个加强板，两个所述加强板分别连接于两个所述纵梁，且所述加强板与所述连接件、所述安装板相连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，两个加强板具有加强作用，有效加强了结构连接强度，提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。
较佳地，所述锁止机构包括用于供所述锁止件插入的锁槽，所述锁槽的开口朝向于所述纵梁的外侧。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，实现锁止件便于插入至锁槽内，且锁槽结构简单，加工制作方便。
较佳地，所述锁止机构包括锁止座，所述锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的开口槽和沿水平方向延伸的锁止槽，所述锁止件为锁轴，所述锁止槽用于供所述锁轴插入锁定，所述开口槽的顶部与所述锁止槽连通，所述锁轴沿竖直方向自所述开口槽的底部到达所述开口槽与所述锁止槽的交接位置时进入所述锁止槽内。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，电池包通过沿竖直方向以及水平方向移动即可实现锁止或者解锁，安装、拆卸非常方便，且结构简单，加工制作方便。
较佳地，至少部分所述锁止座设有锁舌，所述锁舌活动安装在所述锁止槽内并能够阻止所述锁轴脱离出所述锁止槽。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过锁舌实现锁止件稳定插入至锁止槽内，锁止更加可靠，从而提高锁止机构在锁止状态下的稳定性。
较佳地，所述锁止机构还包括锁连杆，所述锁连杆通过所述锁舌与所述锁止座活动连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，锁连杆在外力作用下将会带动锁舌封闭或打开锁止槽，锁止更加可靠；同时，通过锁连杆能够实现多个锁舌同步解锁或者锁止，使用非常方便，降低成本。
较佳地，所述锁止机构包括锁止座，所述锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的开孔，所述开孔内设有第一螺纹部或限位部，所述锁止件具有相配合的第二螺纹部或止挡部。
在本方案中，采用上述锁止结构形式，锁止座与锁止件之间仅沿竖直方向即可实现锁止，安装连接形式多样化，连接更加稳定并且结构空间利用率高。
较佳地，所述换电系统还包括若干个导向定位机构，若干个所述导向定位机构设置于所述纵梁或所述电池包上，以实现电池包精确定位于所述纵梁上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，导向定位机构具有导向定位功能，通过导向定位机构的导向定位作作用力下使得电池包能够摆正，从而实现精确定位，安装、拆卸电池包更加稳定。
较佳地，所述导向定位机构为弹性定位机构。
在本方案中，弹性定位机构将提供夹紧力给纵梁，有效防止电池包在使用的过程中产生较大偏移错位，提高了安全稳定性。
一种电动汽车，所述电动汽车为重卡或轻卡，所述电动汽车包括如上所述的电动汽车的换电系统。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，实现利用电动汽车两个纵梁的底盘换电，且实现电池包的重心处于纵梁的下方，对车辆平稳性、安全性提升一个较大空间；同时，结构紧凑，空间利用率高。
一种电动汽车的换电方法，采用如上所述的电动汽车的换电系统，所述换电方法包括如下步骤：
控制换电设备移动电池包至纵梁的下方的换电工位，使电池包顶部的凹槽与所述纵梁对准；
控制换电设备举升所述电池包至预设高度，使所述电池包上的锁止件进入所述纵梁上的锁止机构内，并使所述电池包顶部的所述凹槽套设于所述纵梁；
控制所述锁止件与所述锁止机构锁接到位。
在本方案中，实现精确控制，安全稳定性高。同时，实现利用电动汽车两个纵梁的底盘换电，降低了换电过程中的故障风险，提高了安全性，并且底盘换电系统占地面积小，换电站推广成本低。
较佳地，在控制换电设备举升所述电池包至预设高度的步骤中还包括初定位步骤；
所述初定位步骤包括控制所述换电设备举升所述电池包，所述凹槽内壁上的多个初定位机构对所述电池包进行初定位导向，使所述凹槽的开口对准所述纵梁，所述纵梁进入所述凹槽的开口。
在本方案中，通过多个初定位机构对电池包进行初定位导向，便于纵梁精确对准凹槽并顺利进入至凹槽内，提高了安全稳定性。
较佳地，在控制换电设备举升所述电池包至预设高度的步骤中还包括精定位步骤，所述精定位步骤在所述初定位步骤之后；
所述精定位步骤包括控制所述换电设备继续举升所述电池包，所述凹槽内壁上的多个精定位机构对所述电池包进行精定位导向，使所述凹槽套设所述纵梁至预设位置，以使所述电池包上的锁止件进入所述纵梁上的锁止机构内。
在本方案中，通过多个精定位机构对电池包进行精定位导向，锁止精度更高；同时，有效避免了电池包在使用的过程中产生偏移错位现象，大大提高了安全稳定性。
较佳地，多个所述初定位机构与多个所述精定位机构均抵靠所述纵梁，并限制所述纵梁在所述凹槽内的位移。
在本方案中，从而有效限制了纵梁在水平方向的倾斜位移，安全稳定性更高。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
本发明的电动汽车的换电系统利用电动汽车两个纵梁的实现底盘换电，电池包通过顶部凹槽内的锁止件与两个纵梁上的锁止结构相连接，使得电池包与纵梁的连接更加稳固，实现电池包的重心处于纵梁的下方，能够有效降低电池包的重心，增加电池包的稳定性，对车辆平稳性、安全性提升一个较大空间；同时，结构紧凑，空间利用率高，尤其是竖直方向上的空间。另外，通过底盘换电，降低了换电过程中的故障风险，提高了安全性，并且底盘换电系统占地面积小，换电站推广成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的电动汽车的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的电动汽车的分解结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例的换电系统与两个纵梁的分解结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例的两个纵梁与锁止机构的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例的两个纵梁与锁止机构的另一视角结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例的锁止机构的结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例的换电系统在安装前的结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例的换电系统在初定位时的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例的换电系统在精定位时的结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例的换电系统在安装完成后的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例的电动汽车的换电方法的流程图。
图12为本发明实施例的在控制换电设备举升电池包至预设高度的流程图。
附图标记说明：
电池包1；凹槽11；锁止件12；侧部电芯容纳腔13；中部电芯容纳腔14；锁止机构2；锁止座21；锁舌22；锁连杆23；电芯3；安装梁4；加强件5；安装板51；连接件52；加强板53；电连接器6；初定位机构7；精定位机构8；纵梁10。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在的实施例范围之中。
如图1至图10所示，本实施例公开了一种电动汽车，该电动汽车为重卡或轻卡等商用车。电动 汽车包括电动汽车的换电系统和两个纵梁10。该电动汽车的换电系统包括电池包1以及若干个锁止机构2，若干个锁止机构2分别设置于两个纵梁10上，电池包1的顶部具有凹槽11，凹槽11用于嵌设纵梁10，电池包1上设有若干个锁止件12，若干个锁止件12位于凹槽11内，电池包1通过若干个锁止件12锁止于若干个锁止机构2内以连接于纵梁10上。
通过在电池包1的顶部设置凹槽11，电池包1在移动至纵梁10的下方的换电工位，通过电池包1向上移动，从而实现纵梁10嵌设在凹槽11内，电池包1通过凹槽11内的锁止件12与两个纵梁10上的锁止结构相连接，从而实现将电池包1安装在两个纵梁10上，并且使得电池包1与纵梁10的连接更加稳固。反之则实现将电池包1从两个纵梁10上拆卸下来。实现利用电动汽车两个纵梁10的底盘换电，且实现电池包1的重心处于纵梁10的下方，能够有效降低电池包1的重心，增加电池包1的稳定性，对车辆平稳性、安全性提升一个较大空间；同时，结构紧凑，空间利用率高，尤其是竖直方向上的空间。
电池包1包括若干个用于放置电芯3的电芯容纳腔，至少部分电芯容纳腔分布于纵梁10的侧部。在电池包1中，放置电芯3的数量越多则电量储备越充足，电动汽车的行程就越远。通过将至少部分电芯容纳腔分布于纵梁10的侧部，使得电池包1内的电芯3沿电动汽车的宽度方向容纳放置，而不仅仅通过纵梁10上沿电动汽车的高度方向来放置电芯3，实现电池包1内容纳电芯3更多，行程更远，减少电池包1的更换次数；同时，实现空间利用率更高。
若干个电芯容纳腔包括多个侧部电芯容纳腔13，多个侧部电芯容纳腔13分布于两个纵梁10相背的两侧。多个侧部电芯容纳腔13内放置的电芯3将分布在两个纵梁10相背的两侧，实现空间利用率更高，增大了电池包1的电芯3容量。
两个纵梁10之间连接有若干横梁，若干个电芯容纳腔还包括中部电芯容纳腔14，多个侧部电芯容纳腔13分布于中部电芯容纳腔14的两侧，中部电芯容纳腔14位于横梁的下方并位于两个纵梁10之间。通过若干横梁连接在两个纵梁10之间，有效加强整体结构强度，提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。同时，中部电芯容纳腔14内用于放置的电芯3，从而进一步充分利用了电动汽车的两个纵梁10之间的空间，实现在纵梁10的两侧和中间都能够分别安装电芯3，实现空间利用率更高，尤其是竖直方向上的空间，进一步增大了电池包1的电芯3容量。
在本实施例中，如图3和图7所示，电池包1具有两个侧部电芯容纳腔13和一个中部电芯容纳腔14，中部电芯容纳腔14的高度小于侧部电芯容纳腔13的高度，两个凹槽11分别位于侧部电芯容纳腔13和中部电芯容纳腔14之间。
在其他实施方式中，电池包1具有两个侧部电芯容纳腔13，凹槽位于两个侧部电芯容纳腔13之间。
在本实施例中，若干个锁止机构2可以分别设置于两个纵梁10的侧壁。当然，在其他实施例中， 若干个锁止机构2也可以分别设置于两个纵梁10的底部。实现锁止机构2安装设置形式多样化，可以根据空间来任意设置位置，且连接更加稳定。
在一个实施例中，若干个锁止机构2可以直接安装设置在两个纵梁10的侧壁和/或纵梁10的底部。
在另一个实施例中，换电系统还包括固定支架，固定支架设置于纵梁10的侧壁或纵梁10的底部，若干个锁止机构2均设置于固定支架上。在需要将若干个锁止机构2安装设置在纵梁10上时，通过先将若干个锁止机构2均设置于固定支架上并形成一个整体，之后再将整体的固定支架安装设置在纵梁10上，便于将若干个锁止机构2的安装，且安装精度高；同时，提高了换电系统的强度，稳定性更高。
固定支架包括两个安装梁4，两个安装梁4的一侧分别连接于两个纵梁10的相背侧面，若干个锁止机构2分别连接于两个安装梁4的另一侧。将若干个锁止机构2安装在两个安装梁4上，在将两个安装梁4分别安装在两个纵梁10的相背侧面上，从而实现将若干个锁止机构2的安装，安装精度高；同时，提高了换电系统的强度，稳定性更高。
锁止机构2包括用于供锁止件12插入的锁槽，锁槽的开口朝向于纵梁10的外侧。在锁止时，凹槽11将套设在纵梁10，凹槽11内的锁止件12将通过锁槽的开口插入至锁槽内，从而实现将锁止件12与锁止机构2的锁止。在解锁时，锁止件12将移出至锁槽外，使得电池包1与两个纵梁10能够相互脱离开，从而实现了锁止件12与锁止机构2的解锁。实现锁止件12便于插入至锁槽内，且锁槽结构简单，加工制作方便。
在本实施例中，如图4和图5所示，锁止机构2包括锁止座21，若干个锁止座21分别设于两个纵梁10的相背离的两个侧壁，如图3所示，若干个锁止件12分别设于凹槽11的内壁面，锁止件12与相对应的锁止座21相对设置。
在其他实施例中，若干个锁止座21分别设于两个纵梁10的底部，若干个锁止件12设于凹槽11的槽底。
如图6所示，锁止座21具有沿竖直方向延伸的开口槽和沿水平方向延伸的锁止槽，所述锁止件12为锁轴，锁止槽用于供锁止件12插入锁定，开口槽的顶部与锁止槽连通，锁止件12沿竖直方向自开口槽的底部到达开口槽与锁止槽的交接位置时进入锁止槽内。
至少部分锁止座21设有锁舌22，锁舌22活动安装在锁止槽内并能够阻止锁止件12脱离出锁止槽。通过锁舌22伸入至锁止槽内，从而能够阻止锁止件12脱离出锁止槽，实现锁止件12稳定插入至锁止槽内，锁止更加可靠，从而提高锁止机构2在锁止状态下的稳定性。
锁止机构2还包括锁连杆23，锁连杆23通过锁舌22与锁止座21活动连接。锁连杆23在外力作用下将会带动锁舌22封闭或打开锁止槽，锁止更加可靠；同时，通过锁连杆23能够实现多个锁舌 22同步解锁或者锁止，使用非常方便，降低成本。
在锁止时，锁止件12沿竖直方向向上移动，自开口槽的底部到达开口槽与锁止槽的交接位置，之后锁止件12沿水平方向移动并进入锁止槽内，使得锁止件12插入锁定至锁止槽内以实现锁止件12与锁止机构2的锁止。在解锁时，锁止件12将沿水平方向移动至开口槽与锁止槽的交接位置时，之后锁止件12沿竖直方向向下移动，使得锁止件12从开口槽的底部脱离出锁止座21，以实现了锁止件12与锁止机构2的解锁。电池包1通过沿竖直方向以及水平方向移动即可实现锁止或者解锁，安装、拆卸非常方便，且结构简单，加工制作方便。
在另一个实施例中，锁止座21具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔，第一开孔内设有第一螺纹部或限位部，锁止件12具有相配合的第二螺纹部或止挡部，锁止座21与锁止件12垂直上下锁止。采用上述锁止结构形式，锁止座21与锁止件12之间仅沿竖直方向即可实现锁止，安装连接形式多样化，连接更加稳定并且结构空间利用率高。
当然，在其它实施方式中，锁止座21与锁止件12通过螺接、卡接、扣接、插接、勾接、榫接中的任一一种方式相互配合以实现电池包安装连接在纵梁10上。
如图3所示，换电系统还包括用于安装电连接器6的加强件5，加强件5位于两个纵梁10之间，且加强件5的两端分别连接于两个纵梁10。加强件5具有加强作用，通过加强件5与两个纵梁10相连接，有效加强电动汽车的整体结构强度，提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。
加强件5包括连接件52和安装板51，连接件52分别连接于两个纵梁10和安装板51，安装板51用于安装电连接器6。通过连接件52连接于两个纵梁10，具有加强结构连接强度作用。电连接器6将安装设置在安装板51上，通过安装板51便于电连接器6的安装。
加强件5还包括两个加强板53，两个加强板53分别连接于两个纵梁10，且加强板53与连接件52、安装板51相连接。两个加强板53具有加强作用，有效加强了结构连接强度，提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。其中，安装板51、连接件52和两个加强板53之间形成有容纳空间，电连接器6将设置在容纳空间内。加强件5将对电连接器6具有遮挡保护作用，安全稳定性更高。
电连接器6包括可拆卸电连接的车端电连接器和电池端电连接器，车端电连接器设置在安装板51上，电池端电连接器设置在电池包1上。其中，车端电连接器和电池端电连接器的数量均为两个并上下间隔设置。车端电连接器和电池端电连接器采用两个标准连接器，安全性和承载能力提升，同时由于标准件，成本相对较低，比较经济。
换电系统还包括若干个导向定位机构，若干个导向定位机构设置于纵梁10或电池包1上，以实现电池包1精确定位于纵梁10上。导向定位机构具有导向定位功能，通过导向定位机构的导向定位作作用力下使得电池包1能够摆正，从而实现精确定位，安装、拆卸电池包1更加稳定。
在本实施例中，如图3所示，若干个导向定位机构包括多个初定位机构7，多个初定位机构7分 别间隔设置于电池包1的内壁面，多个初定位机构7与锁止件12位于同一侧，多个初定位机构7与纵梁10或者纵梁10上的锁止机构2相互配合以对电池包1进行初定位导向。
若干个导向定位机构包括多个精定位机构8，多个精定位机构8分别间隔设置于电池包1的内壁面，精定位机构8与初定位机构7相对设置，多个精定位机构8与纵梁10相互配合以对电池包1进行精定位导向。
导向定位机构为弹性定位机构。弹性定位机构包括安装壳、定位部和弹性部件，安装壳固设于电池包1，安装壳的内部具有一容纳腔，安装壳的外侧面设有与容纳腔相连通的安装口，定位部穿设于安装口，且定位部的外侧面伸出安装口并抵靠于纵梁10的侧面，弹性部件作用于定位部的内侧面，且在定位部和安装壳之间传递变化的力，用于提供向外的夹紧力给纵梁10。其中，安装壳的外侧面的顶部具有第一导滑面。定位部中伸出安装口的顶部具有第二导滑面。
如图11所示，本实施例还公开了一种电动汽车的换电方法，采用如上所述的电动汽车的换电系统，该换电方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S100、控制换电设备移动电池包1至纵梁10的下方的换电工位，使电池包1顶部的凹槽11与纵梁10对准。
步骤S200、控制换电设备举升电池包1至预设高度，使电池包1上的锁止件12进入纵梁10上的锁止机构2内，并使电池包1顶部的凹槽11套设于纵梁10。
步骤S300、控制锁止件12与锁止机构2锁接到位。
电池包1从电动汽车的侧方加入电动汽车的底部，通过换电设备的行走移动将带动电池包1移动至电动汽车下方的换电工位，从而实现电池包1顶部的凹槽11与纵梁10对准，从而实现精确控制，安全稳定性高。电池包1在接近纵梁10后，换电设备通过举升电池包1将电池包1沿竖直方向向上移动，实现电池包1举升移动至预设高度，使得锁止件12通过开口槽移动至开口槽与锁止槽的交接位置；最后在控制锁止件12进入至锁止槽内以实现与锁止机构2锁接到位。实现利用电动汽车两个纵梁10的底盘换电，降低了换电过程中的故障风险，提高了安全性，并且底盘换电系统占地面积小，换电站推广成本低。
如图12所示，在控制换电设备举升电池包1至预设高度的步骤中还包括初定位步骤；
步骤210、初定位步骤包括控制换电设备举升电池包1，凹槽11内壁上的多个初定位机构7对电池包1进行初定位导向，使凹槽11的开口对准纵梁10，纵梁10进入凹槽11的开口。
通过多个初定位机构7与纵梁10或者纵梁10上的锁止机构2相互配合以对电池包1进行初定位导向，便于纵梁10精确对准凹槽11并顺利进入至凹槽11内，提高了安全稳定性。
在控制换电设备举升电池包1至预设高度的步骤中还包括精定位步骤，精定位步骤在初定位步骤之后；
步骤S220、精定位步骤包括控制换电设备继续举升电池包1，凹槽11内壁上的多个精定位机构8对电池包1进行精定位导向，使凹槽11套设纵梁10至预设位置，以使电池包1上的锁止件12进入纵梁10上的锁止机构2内。
电池包1通过初定位步骤后，纵梁10将进入至凹槽11内，精定位步骤开始，通过多个精定位机构8与纵梁10相互配合以对电池包1进行精定位导向，锁止精度更高；同时，有效避免了电池包1在使用的过程中产生偏移错位现象，大大提高了安全稳定性。
在本实施例中，多个初定位机构7与多个精定位机构8均抵靠纵梁10，并限制纵梁10在凹槽11内的位移。多个初定位机构7与多个精定位机构8分别抵靠在纵梁10的两侧，从而有效限制了纵梁10在水平方向的倾斜位移，安全稳定性更高。
采用上述实施例中技术方案，充分利用纵梁下方的高度空间，在换电设备对电池包进行拆卸时，空载的换电设备可以直接进入电池包的下方空间，且不与电动汽车的底部产生干涉；在换电设备对电池包进行安装时，承载有电池包的换电设备也可以直接进入纵梁的下方进行换电，且不与电动汽车的底部产生干涉。整个过程中，既不需要举升车身，也不需要设置下沉式空间或挖坑用于供换电设备进出，降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电动汽车的换电系统，所述电动汽车包括两个纵梁，其特征在于，所述换电系统包括电池包以及若干个锁止机构，若干个所述锁止机构分别设置于两个所述纵梁上，所述电池包的顶部具有凹槽，所述凹槽用于嵌设所述纵梁，所述电池包上设有若干个锁止件，若干个所述锁止件位于所述凹槽内，所述电池包通过若干个所述锁止件锁止于若干个所述锁止机构内以连接于所述纵梁上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，若干个所述锁止机构分别设置于两个所述纵梁的侧壁和/或所述纵梁的底部。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述电池包包括若干个用于放置电芯的电芯容纳腔，至少部分所述电芯容纳腔分布于所述纵梁的侧部。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，若干个所述电芯容纳腔包括多个侧部电芯容纳腔，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于两个所述纵梁相背的两侧；
    优选地，两个所述纵梁之间连接有若干横梁，若干个所述电芯容纳腔还包括中部电芯容纳腔，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于所述中部电芯容纳腔的两侧，所述中部电芯容纳腔位于所述横梁的下方。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电系统还包括固定支架，所述固定支架设置于所述纵梁的侧壁或所述纵梁的底部，若干个所述锁止机构均设置于所述固定支架上；
    优选地，所述固定支架包括两个安装梁，两个所述安装梁的一侧分别连接于两个所述纵梁的相背侧面，若干个所述锁止机构分别连接于两个所述安装梁的另一侧。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电系统还包括用于安装电连接器的加强件，所述加强件位于两个所述纵梁之间，且所述加强件的两端分别连接于两个所述纵梁。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述加强件包括连接件和安装板，所述连接件分别连接于两个所述纵梁和安装板，所述安装板用于安装所述电连接器；
    优选地，所述加强件还包括两个加强板，两个所述加强板分别连接于两个所述纵梁，且所述加强板与所述连接件、所述安装板相连接。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述锁止机构包括用于供所述锁止件插入的锁槽，所述锁槽的开口朝向于所述纵梁的外侧。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述锁止机构包括锁止座，所述锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的开口槽和沿水平方向延伸的锁止槽，所述锁止件为锁轴，所述锁止槽用于供所述锁轴插入锁定，所述开口槽的顶部与所述锁止槽连通，所述锁轴沿竖直方向自所述开口槽的底部到达所述开口槽与所述锁止槽的交接位置时进入所述锁止槽内。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，至少部分所述锁止座设有锁舌，所述锁舌活动安装在所述锁止槽内并能够阻止所述锁轴脱离出所述锁止槽。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述锁止机构还包括锁连杆，所述锁连杆通过所述锁舌与所述锁止座活动连接。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述锁止机构包括锁止座，所述锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的开孔，所述开孔内设有第一螺纹部或限位部，所述锁止件具有相配合的第二螺纹部或止挡部。
  13. 如权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电系统还包括若干个导向定位机构，若干个所述导向定位机构设置于所述纵梁或所述电池包上，以实现电池包精确定位于所述纵梁上；
    优选地，所述导向定位机构为弹性定位机构。
  14. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电动汽车为重卡或轻卡，所述电动汽车包括如权利要求1-13中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统。
  15. 一种电动汽车的换电方法，采用如权利要求1-13中任意一项所述的电动汽车的换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电方法包括如下步骤：
    控制换电设备移动电池包至纵梁的下方的换电工位，使电池包顶部的凹槽与所述纵梁对准；
    控制换电设备举升所述电池包至预设高度，使所述电池包上的锁止件进入所述纵梁上的锁止机构内，并使所述电池包顶部的所述凹槽套设于所述纵梁；
    控制所述锁止件与所述锁止机构锁接到位。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电动汽车的换电方法，其特征在于，在控制换电设备举升所述电池包至预设高度的步骤中还包括初定位步骤；
    所述初定位步骤包括控制所述换电设备举升所述电池包，所述凹槽内壁上的多个初定位机构对所述电池包进行初定位导向，使所述凹槽的开口对准所述纵梁，所述纵梁进入所述凹槽的开口。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电动汽车的换电方法，其特征在于，在控制换电设备举升所述电池包至预设高度的步骤中还包括精定位步骤，所述精定位步骤在所述初定位步骤之后；
    所述精定位步骤包括控制所述换电设备继续举升所述电池包，所述凹槽内壁上的多个精定位机构对所述电池包进行精定位导向，使所述凹槽套设所述纵梁至预设位置，以使所述电池包上的锁止件进入所述纵梁上的锁止机构内。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电动汽车的换电方法，其特征在于，多个所述初定位机构与多个所述精定位机构均抵靠所述纵梁，并限制所述纵梁在所述凹槽内的位移。
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