WO2023098760A1 - 锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件及包含其的电动汽车 - Google Patents

锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件及包含其的电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098760A1
WO2023098760A1 PCT/CN2022/135644 CN2022135644W WO2023098760A1 WO 2023098760 A1 WO2023098760 A1 WO 2023098760A1 CN 2022135644 W CN2022135644 W CN 2022135644W WO 2023098760 A1 WO2023098760 A1 WO 2023098760A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lock
quick
bracket assembly
change bracket
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/135644
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
仇丹梁
刘猛
于新瑞
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023098760A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098760A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, in particular to a quick-change bracket assembly with high locking stability and an electric vehicle comprising the same.
  • the battery boxes of existing electric vehicles are generally divided into fixed type and replaceable type.
  • the fixed type battery is generally fixed on the vehicle, and the vehicle is directly used as the charging object when charging.
  • the replaceable battery box is generally fixed on the bracket of the vehicle by means of movable installation.
  • the battery case can be removed for replacement or charging of the battery case alone. After the replaced battery box is fully charged, it is reinstalled on the vehicle.
  • the battery boxes of electric trucks are usually replaceable.
  • the side of the battery box has a lock shaft, and the electric truck is provided with a lock base, and the lock shaft can be inserted into a lock groove on the lock base from the side of the lock base.
  • the lock shaft is in the state of a cantilever beam, and the force of the lock shaft and the lock base is poor.
  • the battery pack of the electric truck is heavy, so that the lock shaft is easy to slide from the lock base. In severe cases, the lock shaft may slip from the lock base. The side of the seat slides off.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art that the battery box of an electric vehicle is locked in the lock base by the lock shaft in the state of the cantilever beam, and to provide a lock with high locking stability.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly and the electric vehicle containing it are to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art that the battery box of an electric vehicle is locked in the lock base by the lock shaft in the state of the cantilever beam, and to provide a lock with high locking stability.
  • a quick-change bracket assembly with high locking stability is used to lock a battery box to an electric vehicle
  • the quick-change bracket assembly includes a body bracket and a lock base, and the body bracket is fixed to the electric vehicle;
  • the lock base is arranged below the vehicle body support, an opening and a slideway extending from the opening are provided under the lock base, and the opening is used for the lock shaft on the battery box to enter and exit the battery box.
  • the slideway, the opening and the slideway both pass through the lock base along the axial direction of the lock shaft.
  • the lock base is fixed to the electric vehicle through the body bracket, the opening of the lock base is set at the bottom, and the battery box enters the slideway through the opening at the bottom, so that the battery box is locked in the slideway, avoiding the self-locking of the battery box
  • the side of the base enters the slideway, which can prevent the lock shaft from sliding out from one side of the locking base, and can improve the safety of locking the battery box.
  • both ends of the lock shaft are exposed from the slideway, and both ends of the lock shaft are connected to the battery box.
  • both ends of the lock shaft are connected to the battery box, so that the middle part of the lock shaft is stuck on the slideway, and the two ends of the lock bear the force of the battery box, thereby improving the uniformity of the force on the lock shaft and avoiding
  • the locking shaft slides out from one side of the locking base, which can improve the safety of locking the battery box.
  • the body support includes a longitudinal beam extending along the length direction of the electric vehicle, the longitudinal beam is fixed to the vehicle beam of the electric vehicle, and the lock base is arranged on the longitudinal beam bottom.
  • the vehicle body support includes longitudinal beams, which has a simple structure and is convenient to adapt to the structure of the electric vehicle.
  • the longitudinal beam includes a top plate, a side plate and a bottom plate connected in sequence, the side plate is fixedly connected with the vehicle beam, and the top plate and the bottom plate are respectively connected along the two sides of the side plate.
  • the axial direction of the lock shaft extends outward, and the lock base is arranged on the bottom plate.
  • the longitudinal girder includes a top plate, a side plate and a bottom plate connected in sequence, and the structure is simple and the stability is high.
  • the bottom plate is provided with an insertion slot, and the lock base is inserted into the insertion slot from top to bottom.
  • the lock base is inserted into the insertion slot from top to bottom, which is convenient for installation.
  • the lock base includes a base body and a mounting edge, the mounting edge extends outward from the periphery of the base body, and the lower side of the base body is provided with the opening and the slideway , the base body is inserted into the insertion slot, and the installation edge is clamped on the bottom plate.
  • the base body is inserted into the insertion slot, so that the battery box can be locked to the lock base from bottom to top.
  • the installation edge is clamped on the bottom plate, which can simplify the connection form between the lock base and the longitudinal beam, improve the stability of the connection, and prevent the lock base from falling off from the longitudinal beam.
  • the longitudinal beam further includes a flange plate, the flange plate extends upward from the edge of the bottom plate, there is a space between the top surface of the flange plate and the top plate, and the flange plate and the top plate are spaced apart.
  • An accommodating space is formed between the side plates, and the lock base is arranged in the accommodating space through the interval.
  • the flanged plate further improves the strength of the longitudinal beam, and the accommodation space can provide a relatively stable installation and use environment for the lock base and reduce the entry of foreign objects.
  • the top panel, the side panel, the bottom panel and the edge panel are an integral structure
  • top panel, the side panel, the bottom panel and the edge panel are spliced sequentially.
  • the longitudinal beams of the overall structure have high strength and are easy to manufacture.
  • the sequentially spliced stringers have a simple structure.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly further includes several rib plates, the rib plates are clamped between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the sides of the rib plates are connected to the side plates .
  • the rib plate can further improve the strength of the longitudinal beam.
  • a mounting flange is provided on the side wall of the longitudinal beam, and the lock base is provided at the bottom of the mounting flange.
  • the lock base is arranged on the installation convex edge, and the structure is simple.
  • the installation convex edge is formed by extending outward from the side wall of the longitudinal beam, so that the installation space outside the vehicle beam can be fully utilized.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly further includes a column and a beam, the longitudinal beam is connected to the beam through the column, and the longitudinal beam, the column, and the beam are sequentially connected to form a rectangular frame.
  • the rectangular frame-shaped quick-change bracket assembly has a simple structure and is convenient for adapting to electric vehicles.
  • the bottom surface of the longitudinal beam is higher than the top surface of the cross beam.
  • the battery box is conveniently accommodated, the height of the battery box can be increased, and interference between the battery box and other components of the electric vehicle can be avoided. It can also avoid interference between the beam and the vehicle beam.
  • lightening holes are provided on the longitudinal beams and the cross beams.
  • the lightening holes are convenient for reducing the weight of the longitudinal beam and the beam itself, which is beneficial to improving the battery life of the electric vehicle.
  • a reinforcement is provided between the longitudinal beam and the column.
  • the reinforcement can improve the strength and stability between the longitudinal beam and the column.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly further includes an electrical connector, and the electrical connector is arranged in the middle of the beam.
  • a guide portion is provided at the lower end of the lock base, and the cross section of the guide portion becomes larger along the direction in which the lock shaft enters the opening.
  • the guide part facilitates the positioning of the lock shaft and the lock base of the battery box, and facilitates access to the opening and the slideway.
  • the top of the lock base has an accommodating groove, and the accommodating groove communicates with the slideway, and the quick-change bracket assembly further includes:
  • the lock tongue is pivotally arranged on the lock base, and the lock tongue can swing in the accommodating groove and the slideway to connect or block the slideway;
  • a lock link acts on the lock tongue, and the lock link is used to drive the lock tongue to swing.
  • the lock tongue is arranged in the accommodation groove, which has a compact structure and is easy to operate.
  • the deadbolt can lock the battery box in the slideway, and the lock connecting rod is convenient for exerting force on the deadbolt and synchronously controlling multiple deadbolts.
  • the quick change bracket assembly further includes: a reset member, one end of the reset member is connected to one end of the locking link, and the other end of the reset member is connected to the vehicle body bracket.
  • the reset member exerts force on the lock tongue through the lock link, so that the lock tongue is in a locked state, which can avoid accidental unlocking of the lock tongue and improve the safety of locking the battery box.
  • the quick change bracket assembly further includes a buffer part, at least a part of which is located in the slideway, and when the lock shaft is at a locking point in the slideway, the buffer part abuts against the Shaft lock.
  • the buffer part is used to absorb part of the kinetic energy of the lock shaft when it is switched to the locked state, which can reduce the impact of the lock shaft on the lock base, reduce the noise when the lock base is locked, and improve the lock shaft in the locked state. time stability.
  • An electric vehicle includes a battery box and the above-mentioned quick-change bracket assembly, and the battery box is arranged on the quick-change bracket assembly.
  • the battery box of the electric vehicle is locked by the quick-change bracket assembly, which can prevent the locking shaft of the battery box from sliding out from one side of the locking base, and can improve the safety of locking the battery box.
  • the lock base of the present invention is fixed to the electric vehicle through the body bracket, the opening of the lock base is set at the bottom, and the battery box enters the slideway through the opening at the bottom, so that the battery box is locked in the slideway, avoiding the self-locking base of the battery box
  • the side of the side enters the slideway, which can prevent the lock shaft from sliding out from one side of the locking base, and can improve the safety of locking the battery box.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quick-change bracket assembly in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the quick-change bracket assembly in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the quick-change bracket assembly in FIG. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the longitudinal beam in the quick-change bracket assembly of Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the lock base in the quick change bracket assembly of Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a stiffener plate in the quick-change bracket assembly of Fig. 1 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle including the quick-change bracket assembly in FIG. 1 .
  • this embodiment includes a quick-change bracket assembly 100 with high locking stability and an electric vehicle 500 including the quick-change bracket assembly 100, the quick-change bracket assembly 100 is used to lock the battery box 51
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 100 includes a vehicle body support 20 and a lock base 30, the vehicle body support 20 is fixed to the electric vehicle 500; the lock base 30 is located under the vehicle body support 20, and the lock base 30 is provided
  • the opening 31 is used for the lock shaft on the battery box 51 to enter and exit the slideway 32.
  • the opening 31 and the slideway 32 run through the lock base 30 along the axis of the lock shaft.
  • the lock base 30 is fixed to the electric vehicle 500 through the body bracket 20, the opening 31 of the lock base 30 is arranged below, and the battery box 51 enters the slideway 32 through the opening 31 below, so that the battery box 51 is locked in the slideway 32, Preventing the battery box 51 from entering the slideway 32 from the side of the locking base 30 , preventing the lock shaft from sliding out from one side of the locking base 30 , and improving the safety of locking the battery box 51 .
  • Both ends of the lock shaft are exposed on the slideway 32 , and both ends of the lock shaft are connected to the battery box 51 . Both ends of the lock shaft are connected to the battery box 51, so that the middle part of the lock shaft is stuck on the slideway 32, and the two ends of the lock bear the force of the battery box 51, thereby improving the uniformity of the lock shaft force and avoiding the lock shaft One side of the self-locking base 30 slides out, which can improve the safety of locking the battery box 51 .
  • the body bracket 20 includes a longitudinal beam 21 extending along the length direction of the electric vehicle 500 , the longitudinal beam 21 is fixed to the vehicle beam 52 of the electric vehicle 500 , and the lock base 30 is arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal beam 21 .
  • the body bracket 20 includes a longitudinal beam 21 , which has a simple structure and is convenient to adapt to the structure of the electric vehicle 500 .
  • the structural form of the vehicle body bracket 20 may also be in other forms.
  • the longitudinal beam 21 includes a top plate 22, a side plate 23 and a bottom plate 24 connected in sequence, the side plate 23 is fixedly connected with the vehicle beam 52, and the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 24 are respectively connected from both sides of the side plate 23 along the locking axis.
  • the axial direction extends outward, and the lock base 30 is disposed on the bottom plate 24 .
  • the longitudinal beam 21 includes a top plate 22 , a side plate 23 and a bottom plate 24 connected in sequence, and has a simple structure and high stability.
  • the longitudinal beam 21 also includes a flange plate 26, the flange plate 26 extends upward from the edge of the bottom plate 24, there is an interval between the top surface of the flange plate 26 and the top plate 22, and an accommodation space is formed between the flange plate 26 and the side plate 23 , the lock base 30 is arranged in the accommodating space through intervals.
  • the flanged plate 26 further improves the strength of the longitudinal beam 21, and the accommodation space can provide a relatively stable installation and use environment for the lock base 30, and reduce the entry of foreign matter.
  • the top board 22 , the side board 23 , the bottom board 24 and the hemming board 26 are an integral structure.
  • the longitudinal beam 21 of the overall structure has high strength and is easy to manufacture.
  • the top panel 22 , the side panel 23 , the bottom panel 24 and the edge panel 26 can also be spliced sequentially.
  • the sequentially spliced stringers 21 have a simple structure.
  • the bottom plate 24 defines an insertion slot 25 , and the lock base 30 is inserted into the insertion slot 25 from top to bottom.
  • the lock base 30 is inserted into the insertion slot 25 from top to bottom, which is convenient for installation.
  • the insertion slot 25 is a rectangular slot.
  • the insertion slot 25 can also be combined with the shape of the lock base 30 to be specifically configured in other structural forms.
  • the lock base 30 includes a base body 33 and a mounting edge 34.
  • the mounting edge 34 extends outwards from around the base body 33.
  • the lower side of the base body 33 is provided with an opening 31 and a slideway 32.
  • the base body 33 is inserted into the Inserting into the slot 25 , the mounting edge 34 is clamped on the bottom plate 24 .
  • the base body 33 is inserted into the insertion slot 25 to facilitate locking the battery box 51 to the lock base 30 from bottom to top.
  • the mounting edge 34 is clamped on the bottom plate 24 , which can simplify the connection form between the lock base 30 and the longitudinal beam 21 , improve the stability of the connection, and prevent the lock base 30 from falling off from the longitudinal beam 21 .
  • the side wall of the longitudinal beam 21 is provided with a mounting flange, and the lock base 30 is disposed at the bottom of the mounting flange.
  • the lock base 30 is arranged on the mounting flange, and has a simple structure.
  • the mounting flange extends outward from the side wall of the longitudinal beam 21 to make full use of the mounting space outside the vehicle beam 52 .
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 100 also includes a number of rib plates 11, the rib plates 11 are clamped between the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 24, and the sides of the rib plates 11 are connected to the side plates 23 .
  • the rib plate 11 can further increase the strength of the stringer 21 .
  • the rib plate 11 includes a U-shaped plate 111 and two outer flaps 112, and the two outer flaps 112 respectively extend outward from the opening of the U-shaped plate 111, and the U-shaped plate 111 and the outer flaps 112 are clamped between the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 24 , and the outer flaps 112 are connected with the side plates 23 .
  • the stiffener plate 11 includes a U-shaped plate 111 and two outer flaps 112 , which has a simple structure and high strength, and is convenient to connect with the longitudinal beam 21 .
  • a lightening hole 14 is provided on a side of the reinforcing rib plate 11 away from the side plate 23 . The lightening hole 14 can reduce the weight of the rib plate 11 .
  • the rib plate 11 may also be in other structural forms.
  • the quick change bracket assembly 100 also includes a column 12 and a beam 13 , the longitudinal beam 21 is connected to the beam 13 through the column 12 , and the longitudinal beam 21 , the column 12 and the beam 13 are sequentially connected to form a rectangular frame.
  • the rectangular frame-shaped quick-change bracket assembly 100 has a simple structure and is convenient for adapting to the electric vehicle 500 .
  • the bottom surface of the longitudinal beam 21 is higher than the top surface of the cross beam 13 . It is convenient to accommodate the battery box 51 , the height of the battery box 51 can be increased, and interference between the battery box 51 and other components of the electric vehicle 500 can be avoided. Can also avoid crossbeam 13 and car beam 52 interference
  • Both the longitudinal beam 21 and the cross beam 13 are provided with lightening holes 14 .
  • the weight-reducing hole 14 is convenient for reducing the weight of the longitudinal beam 21 and the cross beam 13 , which is beneficial to improve the battery life of the electric vehicle 500 .
  • the lightening hole 14 may be a circular hole, a rectangular hole or the like.
  • a reinforcement 15 is provided between the longitudinal beam 21 and the column 12 .
  • the reinforcement 15 can improve the strength and stability between the longitudinal beam 21 and the column 12 .
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 100 further includes an electrical connector 16 , and the electrical connector 16 is disposed in the middle of the beam 13 . It facilitates the electrical connection between the battery box 51 and the electric vehicle 500 .
  • the uprights 12 are rectangular uprights 12 , four uprights 12 are arranged at four corners, and two longitudinal beams 21 are arranged oppositely and are clamped between the two uprights 12 .
  • the two beams 13 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the reinforcement 15 may be a tetrahedral structure, the sides of the reinforcement 15 are triangular, and the four reinforcements 15 are arranged at the interface between the column 12 and the longitudinal beam 21 .
  • One surface of the triangular-shaped reinforcement 15 is in contact with the side surface of the pillar 12
  • the other surface of the triangular-shaped reinforcement 15 is in contact with the top surface of the longitudinal beam 21 .
  • a guide portion 35 is provided at the lower end of the lock base 30 , and the cross section of the guide portion 35 becomes larger along the direction in which the lock shaft enters the opening 31 .
  • the guide portion 35 facilitates positioning of the lock shaft of the battery box 51 and the lock base 30 , and facilitates access to the opening 31 and the slideway 32 .
  • the guide portion 35 may be a guide slope.
  • the top of the lock base 30 has an accommodating groove 36, the accommodating groove 36 communicates with the slideway 32, the quick change bracket assembly 100 also includes a lock tongue 37 and a lock link 38, the lock tongue 37 is pivotally arranged on the lock base 30,
  • the lock tongue 37 can swing in the receiving groove 36 and the slideway 32 to connect or block the slideway 32;
  • the lock link 38 acts on the lock tongue 37, and the lock link 38 is used to drive the lock tongue 37 to swing.
  • the locking tongue 37 is disposed in the receiving groove 36, and has a compact structure and is easy to operate.
  • the locking tongue 37 can lock the battery box 51 in the slideway 32 , and the locking link 38 is convenient for exerting force on the locking tongue 37 , and is also convenient for synchronously controlling multiple locking tongues 37 .
  • the lock link 38 moves left or right under the action of external force, thereby driving the lock tongue 37 to pivot, and the rotated lock tongue 37 leaves and enters the slideway 32 , thereby realizing unlocking or locking of the lock shaft of the battery
  • the quick change bracket assembly 100 also includes a reset member 39 , one end of the reset member 39 is connected to one end of the lock link 38 , and the other end of the reset member 39 is connected to the vehicle body bracket 20 .
  • the reset member 39 exerts force on the lock tongue 37 through the lock link 38, so that the lock tongue 37 is in a locked state, which can prevent the lock tongue 37 from being unlocked by mistake, and can improve the safety of locking the battery box 51 .
  • the reset member 39 can be specifically a spring, one end of the spring is disposed on the longitudinal beam 21 , the other end of the spring is connected to the end of the locking link 38 , and the spring exerts a pulling force on the locking link 38 .
  • the quick change bracket assembly 100 further includes a buffer part 40 , at least a part of which is located in the slideway 32 , and when the lock shaft is at a locking point in the slideway 32 , the buffer part 40 abuts against the lock shaft.
  • the buffer part 40 is used to absorb part of the kinetic energy of the lock shaft when it is switched to the locked state, which can reduce the impact of the lock shaft on the lock base 30, reduce the noise when the lock base 30 is locked, and improve the performance of the lock shaft when it is in the locked state.
  • the buffer portion 40 can be made of materials such as rubber and silica gel.
  • the lock shaft of the battery box 51 enters the opening 31 from bottom to top, the upper side of the lock shaft can push the lock tongue 37 to pivot, and the rotated lock tongue 37 leaves the slideway 32, and the lock shaft can continue to enter the slideway 32.
  • the buffer portion 40 abuts against the lock shaft.
  • the lock shaft reaches the locking point, under the gravity and the drive of the lock connecting rod 38, the dead bolt 37 enters the slideway 32, and the side of the dead bolt 37 is against the lock shaft, thereby realizing the locking of the lock shaft.
  • the reset member 39 exerts a pulling force on the lock link 38, driving the lock link 38 to move to the right, and the lock link 38 drives the lock tongue 37 to produce a clockwise rotation trend, thereby ensuring that the lock tongue 37 is extended. Enter the chute 32 to avoid accidental unlocking.
  • the locking link 38 can move to the left, and the locking link 38 drives the lock tongue 37 to rotate counterclockwise, and the rotated lock tongue 37 leaves the slideway 32, so that the lock of the battery box 51
  • the shaft is unlocked, and the lock shaft of the battery box 51 can leave the slideway 32 and then leave the lock base 30 from the opening 31 .
  • the empty battery exchange equipment can directly enter the space below the battery box 51 without contact with the electric battery box 51.
  • the bottom of the car 500 interferes; when the battery replacement equipment installs the battery box 51, the battery replacement equipment carrying the battery box 51 and the battery pack can also directly enter the bottom of the longitudinal beam 21 for battery replacement, and does not interfere with the electric vehicle 500. interference at the bottom.
  • the quick-change bracket assembly 100 of this embodiment is especially suitable for commercial vehicles such as heavy trucks and light trucks.
  • this embodiment also discloses an electric vehicle 500 , which includes a battery box 51 and the above quick-change bracket assembly 100 , and the battery box 51 is disposed on the quick-change bracket assembly 100 .
  • the battery box 51 of the electric vehicle 500 is locked by the quick-change bracket assembly 100, which can prevent the locking shaft of the battery box 51 from sliding out from one side of the locking base 30, and can improve the safety of locking the battery box 51.
  • the electric vehicle 500 may be a commercial vehicle such as a heavy truck or a light truck.
  • FIG. 7 only the battery box 51 , the vehicle beam 52 , the quick-change bracket assembly 100 , the wheel assembly, etc. of the electric vehicle 500 are shown, and other components of the electric vehicle 500 are not shown.
  • the quick change bracket assembly 100 is arranged on the vehicle beam 52 along the length direction of the electric vehicle 500 .
  • the battery box 51 is locked through the quick-change bracket assembly 100 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

一种锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件（100），包括车身支架（20）和锁基座（30），车身支架（20）固定至电动汽车（500）；锁基座（30）设于车身支架（20）的下方，锁基座（30）的下方设有开口（31）及自开口（31）延伸的滑道（32），开口（31）用于供电池箱（51）上的锁轴进出滑道（32），开口（31）及滑道（32）沿锁轴的轴线方向均贯穿锁基座（30）。还公开了一种包含快换支架组件（100）的电动汽车。锁基座（30）通过车身支架（20）固定至电动汽车（500），锁基座（30）的开口（31）设置在下方，电池箱（51）通过下方的开口（31）进入滑道（32），从而电池箱（51）锁止在滑道（32）内，避免了电池箱（51）自锁基座（30）的侧面进入滑道（32），能够避免锁轴自锁基座（30）的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱（51）锁止的安全性。

Description

锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件及包含其的电动汽车
本申请要求申请日为2021年12月31日的中国专利申请CN2021116680344、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067637、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067815、申请日为2021年11月30日的中国专利申请CN2021114443838的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车领域，特别涉及一种锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件及包含其的电动汽车。
背景技术
现有电动汽车的电池箱设置方式一般分为固定式和可换式，其中，固定式电池一般是固定在车辆上，在充电时直接以车辆作为充电对象。而可换式的电池箱一般通过活动安装的方式被固定在车辆的托架上。电池箱可以被取下，以单独对电池箱进行更换或充电操作。更换下的电池箱充电完毕后，再重新安装在车辆上。
对于电动卡车而言，特别是电动重卡，电动卡车的电池箱通常采用可换式。电池箱的侧面具有锁轴，电动卡车设有锁基座，锁轴可以自锁基座的侧面插入锁基座上的锁槽。锁轴呈悬臂梁状态，锁轴及锁基座的受力情况均较差，而电动卡车的电池包重量大，使得锁轴容易从锁基座内滑动，严重的，锁轴可能从锁基座侧面滑落。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中电动汽车的电池箱通 过悬臂梁状态的锁轴锁止在锁基座内受力情况较差的上述缺陷，提供一种锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件及包含其的电动汽车。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件，用于将电池箱锁止至电动汽车上，所述快换支架组件包括车身支架和锁基座，所述车身支架固定至所述电动汽车；所述锁基座设于所述车身支架的下方，所述锁基座的下方设有开口及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述电池箱上的锁轴进出所述滑道，所述开口及所述滑道沿所述锁轴的轴线方向均贯穿所述锁基座。
在本方案中，锁基座通过车身支架固定至电动汽车，锁基座的开口设置在下方，电池箱通过下方的开口进入滑道，从而电池箱锁止在滑道内，避免了电池箱自锁基座的侧面进入滑道，能够避免锁轴自锁基座的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱锁止的安全性。
较佳地，所述锁轴的两端均露出于所述滑道，所述锁轴的两端均连接所述电池箱。
在本方案中，锁轴的两端均连接电池箱，从而锁轴的中间部分卡在滑道，锁止两端承受电池箱的作用力，进而提高了锁轴受力的均匀性，避免了锁轴自锁基座的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱锁止的安全性。
较佳地，所述车身支架包括纵梁，所述纵梁沿电动汽车长度方向延伸，所述纵梁固定至所述电动汽车的车梁上，所述锁基座设于所述纵梁的底部。
在本方案中，车身支架包括纵梁，结构简单，便于适应电动汽车的结构。
较佳地，所述纵梁包括顺次连接的顶板、侧板及底板，所述侧板与所述车梁固定连接，所述顶板和所述底板分别自所述侧板的两侧沿所述锁轴的轴线方向向外延伸，所述锁基座设于所述底板。
在本方案中，纵梁包括顺次连接的顶板、侧板及底板，结构简单，稳定性高。
较佳地，所述底板设有插入槽，所述锁基座自上向下插设于所述插入槽。
在本方案中，锁基座自上向下插设于插入槽，便于安装。
较佳地，所述锁基座包括基座本体及安装边，所述安装边自所述基座本体四周向外延伸，所述基座本体的下侧面设有所述开口及所述滑道，所述基座本体插设于所述插入槽，所述安装边卡设于所述底板。
在本方案中，基座本体插设于插入槽，便于电池箱自下向上锁止至锁基座。安装边卡设于底板，能够简化锁基座与纵梁的连接形式，提高连接的稳固性，避免锁基座自纵梁掉落。
较佳地，所述纵梁还包括折边板，所述折边板自所述底板边缘向上延伸，所述折边板的顶面与所述顶板之间具有间隔，所述折边板与所述侧板之间形成容置空间，所述锁基座通过所述间隔设于所述容置空间内。
在本方案中，折边板进一步提高纵梁的强度，容置空间能够为锁基座提供相对稳定的安装、使用环境，减少异物进入。
较佳地，所述顶板、所述侧板、所述底板及所述折边板为一整体结构；
或者，所述顶板、所述侧板、所述底板及所述折边板顺次拼接。
在本方案中，整体结构的纵梁强度高、便于制造。顺次拼接的纵梁结构简单。
较佳地，所述快换支架组件还包括若干加强筋板，所述加强筋板卡设于所述顶板及所述底板之间，所述加强筋板的侧边与所述侧板相连接。
在本方案中，加强筋板能够进一步提高纵梁的强度。
较佳地，所述纵梁的侧壁上设有安装凸沿，所述锁基座设于所述安装凸沿的底部。
在本方案中，锁基座设置在安装凸沿上，结构简单，优选安装凸沿由纵梁的侧壁向外侧延伸形成，能够充分利用车梁外侧的安装空间。
较佳地，所述快换支架组件还包括立柱和横梁，所述纵梁通过所述立柱与所述横梁相连接，所述纵梁、所述立柱和所述横梁依次连接围成矩形框架。
在本方案中，矩形框架状的快换支架组件结构简单，便于适配电动汽车。
较佳地，所述纵梁的底面高于所述横梁的顶面。
在本方案中，便于容纳电池箱，能够提高电池箱的高度，能够避免电池箱与电动汽车的其他部件发生干涉。还可以避免横梁与车梁干涉。
较佳地，所述纵梁和所述横梁上均开设有减重孔。
在本方案中，减重孔便于降低纵梁和横梁自身的重量，利于提高电动汽车的续航。
较佳地，所述纵梁和所述立柱之间设置有加强件。
在本方案中，加强件能够提高纵梁和立柱之间的强度及稳定性。
较佳地，所述快换支架组件还包括电连接器，所述电连接器设于所述横梁的中部。
在本方案中，便于电池箱与电动汽车的电连接。
较佳地，所述锁基座的下端设有导向部，所述导向部沿所述锁轴进入所述开口的方向的横截面变大。
在本方案中，导向部便于电池箱的锁轴与锁基座定位，便于进入开口及滑道。
较佳地，所述锁基座的顶部具有容置槽，所述容置槽与所述滑道相连通，所述快换支架组件还包括：
锁舌，所述锁舌枢设于所述锁基座，所述锁舌能够在所述容置槽及所述滑道内摆动，以连通或阻断所述滑道；
锁连杆，所述锁连杆作用于所述锁舌，所述锁连杆用于驱动所述锁舌摆动。
在本方案中，锁舌设于容置槽，结构紧凑，便于操作。锁舌能够将电池箱锁止在滑道内，锁连杆便于对锁舌施加作用力，也便于同步控制多个锁舌。
较佳地，所述快换支架组件还包括：复位件，所述复位件一端与所述锁连杆的一端部连接，所述复位件的另一端与所述车身支架连接。
在本方案中，复位件通过锁连杆对锁舌施加作用力，使得锁舌处于锁止 状态，能够避免锁舌误解锁，能够提高电池箱锁止的安全性。
较佳地，所述快换支架组件还包括缓冲部，至少一部分所述缓冲部位于所述滑道内，当所述锁轴处于所述滑道内的锁止点时，所述缓冲部抵接所述锁轴。
在本方案中，利用缓冲部吸收部分锁轴转换至锁止状态时的动能，能够降低锁轴对锁基座的冲击，降低锁基座锁止时的噪音，能够提高锁轴处于锁止状态时的稳固性。
一种电动汽车，其包括电池箱和如上所述的快换支架组件，所述电池箱设于所述快换支架组件。
在本方案中，电动汽车的电池箱通过快换支架组件锁止，能够避免电池箱的锁轴自锁基座的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱锁止的安全性。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
本发明的锁基座通过车身支架固定至电动汽车，锁基座的开口设置在下方，电池箱通过下方的开口进入滑道，从而电池箱锁止在滑道内，避免了电池箱自锁基座的侧面进入滑道，能够避免锁轴自锁基座的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱锁止的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例的快换支架组件的结构示意图。
图2为图1快换支架组件的侧视结构示意图。
图3为图2快换支架组件中局部放大的结构示意图。
图4为图1快换支架组件中纵梁的结构示意图。
图5为图1快换支架组件中锁基座的结构示意图。
图6为图1快换支架组件中加强筋板的结构示意图。
图7为包括图1快换支架组件的电动汽车的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
快换支架组件100
加强筋板11
U型板111
外翻板112
立柱12
横梁13
减重孔14
加强件15
电连接器16
车身支架20
纵梁21
顶板22
侧板23
底板24
插入槽25
折边板26
锁基座30
开口31
滑道32
基座本体33
安装边34
导向部35
容置槽36
锁舌37
锁连杆38
复位件39
缓冲部40
电动汽车500
电池箱51
车梁52
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在实施例的范围之中。
如图1至图7所示，本实施例包括一种锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件100及包括快换支架组件100的电动汽车500，快换支架组件100用于将电池箱51锁止至电动汽车500上，快换支架组件100包括车身支架20和锁基座30，车身支架20固定至电动汽车500；锁基座30设于车身支架20的下方，锁基座30的下方设有开口31及自开口31延伸的滑道32，开口31用于供电池箱51上的锁轴进出滑道32，开口31及滑道32沿锁轴的轴线方向均贯穿锁基座30。锁基座30通过车身支架20固定至电动汽车500，锁基座30的开口31设置在下方，电池箱51通过下方的开口31进入滑道32，从而电池箱51锁止在滑道32内，避免了电池箱51自锁基座30的侧面进入滑道32，能够避免锁轴自锁基座30的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱51锁止的安全性。
锁轴的两端均露出于滑道32，锁轴的两端均连接电池箱51。锁轴的两端均连接电池箱51，从而锁轴的中间部分卡在滑道32，锁止两端承受电池箱51的作用力，进而提高了锁轴受力的均匀性，避免了锁轴自锁基座30的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱51锁止的安全性。
如图1所示，车身支架20包括纵梁21，纵梁21沿电动汽车500长度方 向延伸，纵梁21固定至电动汽车500的车梁52上，锁基座30设于纵梁21的底部。车身支架20包括纵梁21，结构简单，便于适应电动汽车500的结构。在其他实施例中，车身支架20的结构形式也可以为其他形式。
在图4中，纵梁21包括顺次连接的顶板22、侧板23及底板24，侧板23与车梁52固定连接，顶板22和底板24分别自侧板23的两侧沿锁轴的轴线方向向外延伸，锁基座30设于底板24。纵梁21包括顺次连接的顶板22、侧板23及底板24，结构简单，稳定性高。
纵梁21还包括折边板26，折边板26自底板24边缘向上延伸，折边板26的顶面与顶板22之间具有间隔，折边板26与侧板23之间形成容置空间，锁基座30通过间隔设于容置空间内。折边板26进一步提高纵梁21的强度，容置空间能够为锁基座30提供相对稳定的安装、使用环境，减少异物进入。
作为一种实施方式，顶板22、侧板23、底板24及折边板26为一整体结构。整体结构的纵梁21强度高、便于制造。在其他实施例中，顶板22、侧板23、底板24及折边板26也可以顺次拼接。顺次拼接的纵梁21结构简单。
底板24设有插入槽25，锁基座30自上向下插设于插入槽25。锁基座30自上向下插设于插入槽25，便于安装。在本实施例中，插入槽25为矩形槽，在其他实施例中，插入槽25也可以结合锁基座30的形状，具体设置为其他结构形式。
锁基座30包括基座本体33及安装边34，安装边34自基座本体33四周向外延伸，基座本体33的下侧面设有开口31及滑道32，基座本体33插设于插入槽25，安装边34卡设于底板24。基座本体33插设于插入槽25，便于电池箱51自下向上锁止至锁基座30。安装边34卡设于底板24，能够简化锁基座30与纵梁21的连接形式，提高连接的稳固性，避免锁基座30自纵梁21掉落。
在其他实施例中，纵梁21的侧壁上设有安装凸沿，锁基座30设于安装 凸沿的底部。锁基座30设置在安装凸沿上，结构简单，优选安装凸沿由纵梁21的侧壁向外侧延伸形成，能够充分利用车梁52外侧的安装空间。
如图2及图6所示，快换支架组件100还包括若干加强筋板11，加强筋板11卡设于顶板22及底板24之间，加强筋板11的侧边与侧板23相连接。加强筋板11能够进一步提高纵梁21的强度。
作为一种实施方式，加强筋板11包括U型板111及两个外翻板112，两个外翻板112分别自U型板111的开放口向外延伸，U型板111及外翻板112均卡设于顶板22及底板24之间，外翻板112与侧板23相连接。加强筋板11包括U型板111及两个外翻板112，结构简单，强度高，便于与纵梁21连接。加强筋板11远离侧板23的一侧设有减重孔14。减重孔14能够减轻加强筋板11的重量。在其他实施例中，加强筋板11也可以为其他结构形式。
快换支架组件100还包括立柱12和横梁13，纵梁21通过立柱12与横梁13相连接，纵梁21、立柱12和横梁13依次连接围成矩形框架。矩形框架状的快换支架组件100结构简单，便于适配电动汽车500。
纵梁21的底面高于横梁13的顶面。便于容纳电池箱51，能够提高电池箱51的高度，能够避免电池箱51与电动汽车500的其他部件发生干涉。还可以避免横梁13与车梁52干涉
纵梁21和横梁13上均开设有减重孔14。减重孔14便于降低纵梁21和横梁13自身的重量，利于提高电动汽车500的续航。减重孔14可以为圆形孔、矩形孔等。
纵梁21和立柱12之间设置有加强件15。加强件15能够提高纵梁21和立柱12之间的强度及稳定性。
较佳地，快换支架组件100还包括电连接器16，电连接器16设于横梁13的中部。便于电池箱51与电动汽车500的电连接。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，立柱12为矩形立柱12，四个立柱12分设 在四个角，两个纵梁21相对设置并卡在两个立柱12之间。两个横梁13相对设置。加强件15具体可以为四面体结构，加强件15的侧面为三角形状，四个加强件15设置在立柱12与纵梁21的交界面。三角形状的加强件15的一个面与立柱12的侧面相贴合，三角形状的加强件15的另一个面与纵梁21的顶面相贴合。
如图5所示，锁基座30的下端设有导向部35，导向部35沿锁轴进入开口31的方向的横截面变大。导向部35便于电池箱51的锁轴与锁基座30定位，便于进入开口31及滑道32。具体的，导向部35可以为导向斜面。
锁基座30的顶部具有容置槽36，容置槽36与滑道32相连通，快换支架组件100还包括锁舌37和锁连杆38，锁舌37枢设于锁基座30，锁舌37能够在容置槽36及滑道32内摆动，以连通或阻断滑道32；锁连杆38作用于锁舌37，锁连杆38用于驱动锁舌37摆动。锁舌37设于容置槽36，结构紧凑，便于操作。锁舌37能够将电池箱51锁止在滑道32内，锁连杆38便于对锁舌37施加作用力，也便于同步控制多个锁舌37。锁连杆38在外力的作用下向左或向右移动，从而带动锁舌37枢转，转动后的锁舌37离开进入滑道32，从而实现电池箱51锁轴的解锁或锁止。
快换支架组件100还包括复位件39，复位件39一端与锁连杆38的一端部连接，复位件39的另一端与车身支架20连接。复位件39通过锁连杆38对锁舌37施加作用力，使得锁舌37处于锁止状态，能够避免锁舌37误解锁，能够提高电池箱51锁止的安全性。在本实施例中，复位件39具体可以为弹簧，弹簧的一端设置在纵梁21上，弹簧的另一端连接于锁连杆38的端部，弹簧对锁连杆38施加拉力。
快换支架组件100还包括缓冲部40，至少一部分缓冲部40位于滑道32内，当锁轴处于滑道32内的锁止点时，缓冲部40抵接锁轴。利用缓冲部40吸收部分锁轴转换至锁止状态时的动能，能够降低锁轴对锁基座30的冲击，降低锁基座30锁止时的噪音，能够提高锁轴处于锁止状态时的稳固性。具 体的，缓冲部40可以采用橡胶、硅胶等材料制作。
在本实施例中，电池箱51的锁轴自下向上进入开口31，锁轴的上侧面可以推动锁舌37枢转，转动后的锁舌37离开滑道32，锁轴可以继续进入滑道32。锁轴快要到达滑道32的末端时，缓冲部40抵接锁轴。锁轴到达锁止点时，在重力及锁连杆38的带动下，锁舌37进入滑道32，锁舌37的侧面抵住锁轴，从而实现锁轴的锁止。如图3所示，复位件39对锁连杆38施加拉力，驱使锁连杆38产生向右移动的趋势，锁连杆38带动锁舌37产生顺时针转动的趋势，从而确保锁舌37伸入滑道32，避免出现误解锁。
如图3所示，在外力的作用下，锁连杆38可以向左移动，锁连杆38带动锁舌37逆时针转动，转动后的锁舌37离开滑道32，从而电池箱51的锁轴实现解锁，电池箱51的锁轴可以离开滑道32，随后自开口31处离开锁基座30。
采用上述实施例中技术方案，充分利用纵梁21下方的高度空间，在换电设备对电池箱51进行拆卸时，空载的换电设备可以直接进入电池箱51的下方空间，且不与电动汽车500的底部产生干涉；在换电设备对电池箱51进行安装时，承载有电池箱51及电池包的换电设备也可以直接进入纵梁21的下方进行换电，且不与电动汽车500的底部产生干涉。整个过程中，既不需要举升车身，也不需要设置下沉式空间或挖坑用于供换电设备进出，降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
本实施例的快换支架组件100尤其适用于重卡、轻卡等商用车。
如图7所示，本实施例还公开了一种电动汽车500，其包括电池箱51和如上的快换支架组件100，电池箱51设于快换支架组件100。电动汽车500的电池箱51通过快换支架组件100锁止，能够避免电池箱51的锁轴自锁基座30的一侧滑出，能够提高电池箱51锁止的安全性。在本实施例中，电动汽车500可以为重卡、轻卡等商用车。在图7中，仅显示了电动汽车500的电池箱51、车梁52、快换支架组件100、车轮组件等，未显示电动汽车500 的其他部件。快换支架组件100沿电动汽车500的长度方向设置在车梁52上。电池箱51通过快换支架组件100锁止。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此，本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种锁止稳定性高的快换支架组件，用于将电池箱锁止至电动汽车上，其特征在于，所述快换支架组件包括：
    车身支架，所述车身支架固定至所述电动汽车；
    锁基座，所述锁基座设于所述车身支架的下方，所述锁基座的下方设有开口及自所述开口延伸的滑道，所述开口用于供所述电池箱上的锁轴进出所述滑道，所述开口及所述滑道沿所述锁轴的轴线方向均贯穿所述锁基座。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述锁轴的两端均露出于所述滑道，所述锁轴的两端均连接所述电池箱。
  3. 如权利要求1、2任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述车身支架包括纵梁，所述纵梁沿电动汽车长度方向延伸，所述纵梁固定至所述电动汽车的车梁上，所述锁基座设于所述纵梁的底部。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述纵梁包括顺次连接的顶板、侧板及底板，所述侧板与所述车梁固定连接，所述顶板和所述底板分别自所述侧板的两侧沿所述锁轴的轴线方向向外延伸，所述锁基座设于所述底板。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述底板设有插入槽，所述锁基座自上向下插设于所述插入槽。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述锁基座包括基座本体及安装边，所述安装边自所述基座本体四周向外延伸，所述基座本体的下侧面设有所述开口及所述滑道，所述基座本体插设于所述插入槽，所述安装边卡设于所述底板。
  7. 如权利要求4-6任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述纵梁还包括折边板，所述折边板自所述底板边缘向上延伸，所述折边板的顶面与所述顶板之间具有间隔，所述折边板与所述侧板之间形成容置空间，所述锁基座通过所述间隔设于所述容置空间内。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述顶板、所述侧板、所述底板及所述折边板为一整体结构；
    或者，所述顶板、所述侧板、所述底板及所述折边板顺次拼接。
  9. 如权利要求4-8任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述快换支架组件还包括若干加强筋板，所述加强筋板卡设于所述顶板及所述底板之间，所述加强筋板的侧边与所述侧板相连接。
  10. 如权利要求3-9任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述纵梁的侧壁上设有安装凸沿，所述锁基座设于所述安装凸沿的底部。
  11. 如权利要求3-10任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述快换支架组件还包括立柱和横梁，所述纵梁通过所述立柱与所述横梁相连接，所述纵梁、所述立柱和所述横梁依次连接围成矩形框架。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述纵梁的底面高于所述横梁的顶面；
    和/或，所述纵梁和所述横梁上均开设有减重孔；
    和/或，所述纵梁和所述立柱之间设置有加强件；
    和/或，所述快换支架组件还包括电连接器，所述电连接器设于所述横梁的中部。
  13. 如权利要求1-12任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述锁基座的下端设有导向部，所述导向部沿所述锁轴进入所述开口的方向的横截面变大。
  14. 如权利要求1-13任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述锁基座的顶部具有容置槽，所述容置槽与所述滑道相连通，所述快换支架组件还包括：
    锁舌，所述锁舌枢设于所述锁基座，所述锁舌能够在所述容置槽及所述滑道内摆动，以连通或阻断所述滑道；
    锁连杆，所述锁连杆作用于所述锁舌，所述锁连杆用于驱动所述锁舌摆 动。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述快换支架组件还包括：复位件，所述复位件一端与所述锁连杆的一端部连接，所述复位件的另一端与所述车身支架连接。
  16. 如权利要求1-15任一项所述的快换支架组件，其特征在于，所述快换支架组件还包括缓冲部，至少一部分所述缓冲部位于所述滑道内，当所述锁轴处于所述滑道内的锁止点时，所述缓冲部抵接所述锁轴。
  17. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，其包括电池箱和如权利要求1-16中任意一项所述的快换支架组件，所述电池箱设于所述快换支架组件。
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