WO2023098723A1 - 电动车辆及快换组件 - Google Patents

电动车辆及快换组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098723A1
WO2023098723A1 PCT/CN2022/135453 CN2022135453W WO2023098723A1 WO 2023098723 A1 WO2023098723 A1 WO 2023098723A1 CN 2022135453 W CN2022135453 W CN 2022135453W WO 2023098723 A1 WO2023098723 A1 WO 2023098723A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
lock
unit
locking
vehicle beam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/135453
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
仇丹梁
刘猛
于新瑞
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023098723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098723A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular to an electric vehicle with a quick-change battery unit and a quick-change assembly.
  • the battery pack is installed at the bottom of the vehicle, generally by setting a lock shaft on the side wall of the battery pack, and hooking the lock shaft to the body bracket at the bottom of the electric vehicle, and the demand for power supply is relatively large
  • Electric vehicles need to be equipped with large-capacity battery packs, which requires increasing the size of the battery pack to install more batteries.
  • This way of setting the lock shaft on the side wall results in a long distance between the locking support point of the battery pack and the vehicle beam. , The support strength is poor, and the lack of support in the middle area of the battery pack can easily cause the battery pack to deform or fall off from the body bracket.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle and a quick-change assembly in order to overcome the defects in the prior art that the large-sized battery pack has poor support strength and is easy to fall off from the vehicle body bracket.
  • An electric vehicle comprising a vehicle beam and a battery unit, the battery unit comprising a plurality of battery packs arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam;
  • connection unit is provided between two adjacent battery packs, the connection unit is located above the upper surface of the battery pack and on one side of the vehicle beam, and the connection unit is used to connect the battery unit It is detachably connected with the vehicle beam.
  • the battery unit has multiple battery packs, which can supply power to heavy electric vehicles; and the multiple battery packs of the battery unit are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam, so that the battery packs can be laid flat, reducing the The overall height of the battery unit is improved; and by setting the connecting unit between the battery packs, the battery unit can be detachably connected to the vehicle beam of the electric vehicle to meet the power replacement needs of the heavy electric vehicle, and improve the size of the large-size battery pack.
  • connection unit protrudes from the upper surface of the battery pack, making the connection unit convenient Installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam, so that the bearing point of the battery pack matches the vehicle beam, simplifies the connection structure between the battery unit and the vehicle beam, improves the bearing strength of the vehicle beam to the battery pack, and adapts to various external dimensions
  • the installation and disassembly of the battery unit, through the arrangement of the above-mentioned battery pack, can reserve the height under the vehicle girder to carry the battery pack for the battery pack to enter and exit the bottom of the girder, avoiding the situation of raising the vehicle or digging holes on the ground.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a locking unit arranged on the vehicle beam, the locking unit has a locking accommodation cavity, and the locking accommodation cavity is located on one side of the side wall of the vehicle beam , the locking accommodating chamber is used for locking the connecting unit on the vehicle beam.
  • the locking accommodation chamber is located on one side of the vehicle beam.
  • the connection unit is connected to the locking accommodation chamber, the battery unit is connected to one side of the vehicle beam through the connection unit, which improves the bearing strength of the vehicle beam to the battery pack.
  • the distance between the lower surface of the battery pack and the bottom surface is reserved, so as to allow more space for the battery replacement equipment to enter the bottom of the vehicle for battery replacement operations.
  • the battery replacement equipment only needs to move the battery unit down a short distance to avoid
  • the vehicle beam and the locking unit are used to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle beam in the horizontal direction, and reserve sufficient space for the battery exchange equipment to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle beam, so as to prevent the components on the vehicle from interfering with the battery exchange equipment entering and exiting the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the locking unit includes a lock base, the lock base is provided with the lock accommodation cavity, and the lock base is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam.
  • locking is performed through the lock base, which facilitates structural modification of the lock base to adapt to the structure of the connecting unit, avoids modification of the structure of the body girder, and improves the stability and reliability of locking.
  • the lock base is installed on the vehicle beam through a bracket, the bracket is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam, and the lock base is arranged at the side of the bracket away from the vehicle beam. side.
  • the locking unit can be installed on the vehicle beam through the bracket, which facilitates the integration of multiple lock bases and electrical connectors and other quick-change mechanisms on the bracket, and realizes the overall installation and disassembly of the quick-change mechanism, which can simplify installation
  • the steps and processes improve the manufacturing efficiency, improve the adaptability of the battery unit and the girder of different models, and avoid the modification of the girder or battery unit due to different models.
  • the bracket is connected to the side walls facing away from each other between the vehicle beams, and the top of the bracket does not exceed the top of the vehicle beam.
  • the bracket is connected to the side wall facing away from the two vehicle beams, so as to avoid interference with components between the vehicle beams and facilitate the installation of the bracket.
  • the top of the bracket does not protrude beyond the top of the vehicle beam to avoid interference with components above the vehicle beam. Therefore, the modification to the electric vehicle itself can be reduced, and the adaptability of the bracket to different vehicles is improved.
  • the lock base is installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam.
  • the lock base can be directly installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam, or can also be equipped with a corresponding mounting seat to install the lock base on the side wall of the vehicle beam. It makes the installation flexible, and can adapt to different car beam structures and installation position requirements without affecting the connection structure with the connection unit.
  • connection unit includes a lock shaft and a shaft bracket, and the lock shaft extends from a side wall of the shaft bracket toward the lock accommodation chamber.
  • the installation of the lock shaft can be realized through the shaft bracket, and the locking unit can lock the lock shaft so as to connect the battery unit with the vehicle beam.
  • a guide portion is provided on the side wall of the shaft bracket facing the lock base, and the surface of the guide portion is in contact with the surface of the bracket or the surface of the vehicle beam.
  • the movement of the battery unit during the locking and unlocking processes can be guided by the guide portion, thereby improving the stability during the locking process or the unlocking process.
  • the connecting unit further includes a column extending upward from the bottom of the battery unit, and the shaft support is mounted on the column.
  • the bottom of the battery unit itself serves as a carrier for the internal battery cells, and has a high structural strength.
  • the lock shaft is connected to the bottom of the battery unit through a column, and the supporting force of the lock shaft is transmitted to the bottom of the battery unit.
  • the bearing function of the bottom of the unit further improves the support strength of the lock shaft and the connection strength of the connecting unit.
  • the lock base includes a lock slot
  • the lock accommodation cavity is located in the lock slot
  • the lock slot is used for hooking the lock shaft.
  • the lock base further includes an open slot, the open slot communicates with the locking slot, and the open slot is used for the lock shaft to enter the locking slot and be locked in the locking slot. lock in the chamber.
  • the lock shaft can enter the locking groove from the opening groove and finally be locked in the locking chamber.
  • This locking step is simple and can improve the locking efficiency and success. Rate.
  • the bracket for installing the lock base on the vehicle beam, and when the lock shaft is located in the locking groove, the center of the lock shaft and the upper bent portion The distance between them is greater than the distance between the center of the lock shaft and the upper surface of the shaft bracket.
  • the lower bent portion is connected to the bottom surface of the vehicle beam.
  • the center of the lock shaft and the The distance between the lower bent parts is smaller than the distance between the center of the locking shaft and the upper surface of the battery pack;
  • the distance between the center of the lock shaft and the bottom surface of the vehicle beam is smaller than the distance between the center of the lock shaft and the upper surface of the battery pack.
  • the locking unit further includes a lock tongue, and the lock tongue is rotatably connected to the lock base to open or close the opening slot.
  • the lock shaft can be restricted in the lock base by the lock tongue, so as to realize the stability of locking the lock shaft by the locking unit.
  • the locking unit includes at least two lock bases, each of the lock bases is rotatably connected to a lock tongue, and the locking unit further includes a lock link, and the lock link is connected to the Multiple locking tongues are rotatably connected.
  • multiple lock bolts can be unlocked through the lock link, which improves the unlocking efficiency, and also prevents unlocking failures due to inconsistent unlocking times caused by multiple lock tongues being unlocked separately.
  • the lock tongue has an unlocking portion extending to the outside of the lock base.
  • the lock tongue may have an unlocking portion, and an external device exerts force on the unlocking portion, so that a single lock tongue can be unlocked.
  • a single lock tongue can have the unlocking portion to unlock the lock tongue, so that the lock tongue with the unlocking portion and the lock base can be used as a secondary locking component of the locking unit, so that when there is a lock
  • the shaft can still be locked to avoid locking failure and improve the locking ability of the locking unit to the connecting unit.
  • the battery unit further includes an unlocking lever, which is arranged opposite to the unlocking part or the locking link, and is used to push the unlocking part or the locking link to rotate, so that the The latch opens or closes the opening.
  • an unlocking lever which is arranged opposite to the unlocking part or the locking link, and is used to push the unlocking part or the locking link to rotate, so that the The latch opens or closes the opening.
  • the unlocking lever can act on the unlocking part or the locking link to open or close the opening slot. Move out of the stop unit.
  • the plurality of lock shafts and the plurality of lock bases are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle beam.
  • the supporting point of the battery pack corresponds to the vehicle beam, so as to improve the support strength of the vehicle beam to the battery pack and improve the stability of the connection.
  • connection unit includes at least one of a threaded connector and a T-shaped hook
  • the threaded connector is used to screw the battery unit on the vehicle beam
  • the T-shaped hook is used to The battery unit is rotatably engaged on the vehicle beam.
  • the battery unit includes a first electrical connector, and the first electrical connector is located on the outer sidewall of the battery unit.
  • the first electrical connector can be plugged into a corresponding interface of the vehicle, so that the battery pack supplies power to the electric vehicle.
  • the battery unit includes a battery cavity for accommodating a battery pack, the connection unit is arranged between two adjacent battery cavities, and a through hole is also provided between two adjacent battery cavities , the through hole is used for the wires connected to the battery pack to pass through; the first electrical connector is arranged on the outer wall of any one of the battery chambers.
  • the battery pack is arranged in the battery chamber and connected by wires in the battery chamber to form an output end with a first electrical connector, so that the battery unit is formed as a whole.
  • the battery unit further includes a casing and a cover plate, and a plurality of partitions are arranged at intervals in the casing, and the battery chamber is formed between the partitions; the mouth of each battery chamber is All are equipped with the cover plate.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a second electrical connector, the second electrical connector is arranged in the width direction of the vehicle beam, and the second electrical connector is used for connecting with the first electrical connector connected so that the battery unit supplies power to the electric vehicle.
  • the bracket provided with the lock base includes a longitudinal bracket and a horizontal bracket, the longitudinal bracket is connected to the vehicle beam, the horizontal bracket is connected between the longitudinal brackets, and the horizontal bracket is provided with the second electrical connector.
  • the locking unit and the electrical connector can be installed on the vehicle beam as a whole at the same time, avoiding repeated debugging and alignment of each component separately installed, and also Can improve installation efficiency.
  • the transverse bracket is located under the vehicle beam, and the longitudinal bracket is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam.
  • the transverse support is located under the vehicle beam, which can avoid the vehicle beam and avoid interference;
  • the longitudinal support connects the side wall of the vehicle beam, which can increase the connection area and use the rigidity of the vehicle beam to improve the stability of the connection.
  • the transverse bracket covers at least a partial area of the end of the battery unit.
  • the battery unit includes a side battery pack, and the battery pack is arranged on the outside of the vehicle beam.
  • the battery unit further includes a middle battery pack, and the middle battery pack is arranged between the two side battery packs and located under the vehicle beam.
  • setting the middle battery pack can improve the power supply capacity, or in the case of providing the same power supply capacity, the thickness of the battery unit can be reduced by setting the middle battery pack.
  • the middle battery pack is placed under the vehicle beam to avoid interference with components between the two vehicle beams.
  • an escape opening is provided in the side battery pack for avoiding the drive shaft of the electric vehicle.
  • a quick change assembly the quick change assembly is applied in the above-mentioned electric vehicle
  • the quick change assembly includes a locking unit and a battery unit, the locking unit is used to be connected to the vehicle beam, the battery unit includes a plurality of battery packs, two adjacent ones corresponding to the vehicle beam A connection unit is provided between the battery packs, and the connection unit cooperates with the locking unit.
  • the positive progress effect of the present invention is that: the battery unit has multiple battery packs, which can supply power to heavy electric vehicles; and the multiple battery packs of the battery unit are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam, so that the battery packs can be tiled
  • the overall height of the battery unit is reduced; and by setting the connection unit between the battery packs, the battery unit can be detachably connected to the vehicle beam of the electric vehicle, so as to meet the demand for battery replacement of heavy electric vehicles and improve the large-scale
  • the safety and stability of the connection between the size battery pack and the vehicle beam avoids deformation of the battery unit, poor support strength or falling off the vehicle due to lack of support in the middle area of the battery unit; the connection unit protrudes from the upper surface of the battery pack, so that
  • the connection unit is easy to install on the side wall of the vehicle beam, so that the bearing point of the battery pack matches the vehicle beam, simplifies the connection structure between the battery unit and the vehicle beam, improves the bearing strength of the vehicle beam to the battery pack, and is suitable for various The
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the battery-changing equipment provided under the electric vehicle provided by the implementation of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery unit of the electric vehicle in FIG. 1 after being removed;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between a locking unit and a bracket provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the connection between the locking unit and the bracket in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a locking unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a partially enlarged view of Figure 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein one side battery pack, part of the casing and part of the cover plate are removed;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another locking unit and connecting unit of the electric vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present invention, at this time, the locking unit and the connecting unit are locked together;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another connection unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another locking unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another connection unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another locking unit and connection unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention, at this time, the locking mechanism and the lock connection structure are locked together.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle 1.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a vehicle beam 10 and a battery unit 20, and the battery unit 20 includes a plurality of battery packs 21 arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam 10.
  • a connection unit 30 is provided between two adjacent battery packs 21, the connection unit 30 is located above the upper surface of the battery pack 21, and is located on one side of the vehicle beam 10, the connection unit 30 is used to connect the battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10 Detachable connection.
  • the electric vehicle 1 has two vehicle beams 10 extending along the vehicle length direction and spaced apart along the vehicle width direction. same direction.
  • the battery unit 20 has a plurality of battery packs 21, and the electric energy provided by the plurality of battery packs 21 can be used to power electric vehicles 1 with heavy weight such as trucks.
  • a plurality of battery packs 21 of the battery unit 20 are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam 10 , so that the battery packs 21 can be arranged in a flat manner, and the overall height of the battery unit 20 is reduced.
  • the battery unit 20 can be detachably connected to the vehicle beam 10 of the electric vehicle 1, so as to meet the power exchange requirements of the heavy electric vehicle 1, and improve the connection between the large-size battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10 of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the safety and stability of the connection of the vehicle beam 10 prevents the battery unit 20 from being deformed, having poor support strength or falling off the vehicle 1 due to lack of support in the middle area of the battery unit 20 .
  • the entire battery unit 20 can be replaced, so as to adapt to the quick replacement requirement of the electric vehicle 1 with a large weight.
  • the height of the power exchange equipment 2 carrying the battery pack into and out of the bottom of the vehicle beam can be reserved under the vehicle beam 10, avoiding the situation of raising the vehicle or digging holes on the ground. .
  • connection unit 30 is located above the upper surface of the battery pack 21, so that the connection unit 30 is conveniently installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam 10, and the supporting point of the battery unit 20 is matched with the vehicle beam 10, which simplifies the connection between the battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10.
  • the connection structure between them improves the bearing strength of the vehicle beam 10 to the battery unit 20, and is suitable for installation and disassembly of the battery unit 20 with various external dimensions.
  • connection unit 30 is located above the upper surface of the battery pack 21, and the corresponding components used to connect with the vehicle beam 10 in the connection unit 30 may be located on the upper surface of the battery pack 21, such as the components used to connect with the vehicle beam 10.
  • the locking shaft 31 is located on the upper surface of the battery pack 21 ; the connecting unit 30 may also have a structure located below the upper surface of the battery pack 21 , such as a column 34 connecting the connecting unit 30 to the bottom of the battery unit 20 .
  • the electric vehicle 1 further includes a locking unit 40 arranged on the vehicle beam 10.
  • the locking unit 40 has a locking accommodation chamber 41, and the locking accommodation chamber 41 is located on the vehicle body.
  • the locking chamber 41 is used for locking the connecting unit 30 on the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the lock accommodation cavity 41 is located on one side of the vehicle beam 10 , and the parts of the connecting unit 30 used to connect with the lock accommodation cavity 41 are located above the upper surface of the battery pack 21 .
  • the connection unit 30 is connected to the lock accommodation
  • the battery unit 20 is connected to one side of the vehicle beam 10 through the connection unit 30, and can be located under the vehicle beam 10, thereby improving the bearing strength of the vehicle beam 10 to the battery pack 21, while leaving the battery pack 21
  • the distance between the lower surface and the bottom surface leaves more space for the power exchange equipment 2 to enter under the vehicle for battery exchange operations; the power exchange equipment 2 only needs to move the battery unit 20 downward for a short distance to avoid the vehicle beam 10
  • the locking unit 40 to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle beam 10 in the horizontal direction, reserve sufficient space for the power exchange equipment 2 to carry the battery into and out of the bottom of the vehicle beam 10, so as to prevent the components on the vehicle 1 from interfering with the movement of the power exchange equipment 2 into and out of the vehicle 1 bottom.
  • the locking accommodation cavity 41 can adopt various structural forms.
  • the locking accommodation cavity 41 can be arranged on the lock base 42, or the locking accommodation cavity 41 can be directly set on the bracket 50.
  • the lock accommodation cavity 41 will be used below
  • the lock receiving chamber 41 is provided on the lock base 42 as an example for specific description, but it should not be limited to the following embodiments.
  • the locking unit 40 includes a lock base 42 , and the lock base 42 is provided with a lock accommodation cavity 41 , and the lock base 42 is connected to the vehicle beam 10 on the side wall.
  • the lock base 42 By arranging the lock base 42 to form the lock accommodation cavity 41, it is convenient to carry out structural changes to the lock base 42 to adapt to the structure of the connecting unit 30; The structure of the vehicle can be changed, and the existing electric vehicle 1 can also be refitted; in addition, the lock base 42 is connected to the vehicle beam 10, and the rigidity of the vehicle beam 10 can be used to bear the weight of the battery unit 20, so that the locking is more stable and reliable.
  • connection between the lock base 42 and the vehicle beam 10 can also be in various ways according to the actual situation. Some feasible implementations will be given below, but they should not be limited to the following implementations.
  • the lock base 42 can be installed on the vehicle beam 10 through a bracket 50, the bracket 50 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10, and the lock base 42 is located on The side of the bracket 50 that is away from the vehicle beam 10 .
  • all the lock bases 42 on one side of the vehicle beam 10 can be arranged on the bracket 50, so that by installing the bracket 50 on the vehicle beam 10, the lock base 42 on one side of the vehicle beam 10 can be installed. All locks on base 42.
  • the bracket 50 can be formed on both sides of the vehicle beam 10, so that by installing the bracket 50, all the lock bases 42 to be installed on the vehicle beam 10 on both sides can be installed on the vehicle beam 10 on both sides, and the battery unit can also be improved.
  • the adaptability of the 20 to the vehicle beam 10 of different models avoids modification of the main beam or the battery unit 20 due to different models.
  • quick-change mechanisms such as electric connectors of the vehicle can also be integrated on the bracket 50 to realize the overall installation and disassembly of the quick-change mechanism, which can simplify the installation steps and processes and improve installation efficiency.
  • the lock base 42 can be assembled on the bracket 50 first, and then the bracket 50 with the lock base 42 can be directly installed on the vehicle beam 10, which can save the modification of the electric vehicle 1 Time, improve manufacturing and modification efficiency.
  • the bracket 50 on two sides of the bracket 50 , one side is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 , and the other side is connected to the lock base 42 .
  • the bracket 50 can be connected to the outer side wall of the vehicle beam 10 , or can be connected to the inner side wall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the bracket 50 is connected to the side walls of the vehicle beams 10 facing away from each other, that is, the outer side wall, and the top of the bracket 50 does not exceed the top of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the bracket 50 is connected to the side walls facing away from the two vehicle beams 10 , thereby avoiding interference with components between the vehicle beams 10 , adapting to the installation requirements of different vehicles, and also facilitating the installation of the bracket 50 .
  • the top of the bracket 50 does not exceed the top of the vehicle beam 10 , which can avoid interference with components above the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the modifications to the electric vehicle 1 itself can be reduced, and the adaptability of the bracket 50 to different vehicles can be improved.
  • the bracket 50 may include a longitudinal bracket 51 , and when the bracket 50 is installed on the vehicle beam 10 , the longitudinal bracket 51 extends along the length direction of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the longitudinal bracket 51 may include a bracket body 511, an upper bent portion 512 and a lower bent portion 513, the upper bent portion 512 and the lower bent portion 513 are respectively connected to the upper end and the lower end of the bracket body 511, and extend in opposite directions.
  • the lower bent portion 513 extends along a direction toward the vehicle beam 10
  • the upper bent portion 512 extends along a direction away from the vehicle beam 10 .
  • Both the lower bent part 513 and the bracket body 511 can be used to connect with the vehicle beam 10, specifically, the lower bent part 513 can be connected with the bottom of the vehicle beam 10, and the bracket body 511 can be connected with the side wall of the vehicle beam 10, so that The connection performance between the bracket 50 and the vehicle beam 10 is improved, and the force of the bracket 50 can also be distributed to the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the upper bent portion 512 can be located above the lock base 42 so as to protect the lock base 42 .
  • the lock base 42 is installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the lock base 42 can be directly installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam 10, for example, the lock base 42 is provided with a perforation, and is connected to the corresponding position of the vehicle beam 10 through a fastener. connect.
  • the lock base 42 can also be installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 by matching the corresponding mounting seat.
  • the lock base 42 is directly connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10, or connected to the side wall through the mounting seat, and the lock base 42 can be flexibly installed according to the locking requirements so that, without affecting the connection structure with the connection unit 30, it can Adapt to different vehicle beam 10 structures and installation position requirements.
  • a single lock base 42 or multiple lock bases 42 can be installed on the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 through one installation seat, and multiple installation seats can be provided on the same vehicle beam 10 .
  • connection unit 30 includes a lock shaft 31 and a shaft bracket 32 , and the lock shaft 31 extends from the side wall of the shaft bracket 32 toward the locking chamber 41 .
  • the shaft support 32 is arranged between two adjacent battery packs 21 and above the upper surface of the battery packs 21 .
  • the lock shaft 31 can have a shaft base 311 and a shaft body 312 , the shaft body 312 extends from the surface of the shaft base 311 ;
  • a guide portion 33 is provided on the side wall of the shaft bracket 32 facing the lock base 42 , and the surface of the guide portion 33 is in contact with the surface of the bracket 50 or the vehicle beam 10 . surface fit. Thereby, the stability during the locking process or the unlocking process is improved.
  • connection unit 30 further includes a column 34 extending upward from the bottom of the battery unit 20 , and the shaft support 32 is mounted on the column 34 .
  • a plurality of uprights 34 are arranged between two adjacent battery packs 21 , and the shaft support 32 is mounted on the uprights 34 and located above the upper surface of the battery packs 21 .
  • the axle support 32 further includes an upper edge plate 321 disposed on the top of the column 34 , and the axle base 311 is located below the upper edge plate 321 . Therefore, the bottom of the battery unit 20 itself serves as a carrier for carrying the internal batteries, and has a relatively high structural strength.
  • the lock shaft 31 is connected to the bottom of the battery unit 20 through the upright 34, and the supporting force of the lock shaft 31 is transmitted to the bottom of the battery unit 20. , using the bearing function of the bottom of the battery unit 20 itself to further enhance the supporting strength of the lock shaft 31 and the connection strength of the connecting unit 30 .
  • the lock base 42 includes a locking groove 421, the locking chamber 41 is located in the locking groove 421, and the locking groove 421 can be used for hooking the lock shaft 31.
  • the lock shaft 31 can enter the lock groove 421 and be locked in the lock receiving cavity 41 .
  • the vehicle beams 10 on both sides are connected with locking grooves 421 .
  • the locking grooves 421 on the vehicle beams 10 on both sides can be aligned with the corresponding connection unit 30 .
  • the lock shaft 31 is locked, which can make the lock more stable than the one-sided lock, and can also disperse the force to both sides.
  • the lock base 42 also includes an open slot 422 , the open slot 422 communicates with the locking slot 421 , and the opening slot 422 is used for the lock shaft 31 to enter the locking slot 421 And locked in the locking chamber 41 .
  • the lock shaft 31 can enter the locking groove 421 from the opening groove 422 and finally be locked in the locking chamber 41, specifically, as shown in FIG. 5
  • the opening slot 422 extends along the vertical direction
  • the locking slot 421 extends along the horizontal direction.
  • the lock shaft 31 of the battery unit 20 can move upwards along the vertical direction and move through the opening slot 422 to the junction of the locking slot 421 and the opening slot 422, and then under the action of the power exchange device 2, the lock shaft 31 moves along the horizontal direction. direction to move into the locking chamber 41 of the locking groove 421 , and correspondingly, the unlocking of the battery unit 20 may have a reverse step to the locking step.
  • the locking and unlocking steps are simple, and can improve the efficiency and success rate of locking or unlocking.
  • the upper bent portion 512 of the bracket 50 can be prevented from interfering with the vertical movement of the locking shaft 31 in the locking groove 421 .
  • a lower bent part 513 under the bracket 50 there is a lower bent part 513 under the bracket 50, and the lower bent part 513 is connected with the bottom surface of the vehicle beam 10, when the lock shaft 31 is in the locked
  • the distance between the center of the lock shaft 31 and the lower bent portion 513 is smaller than the distance between the center of the lock shaft 31 and the upper surface of the battery pack 21; thereby avoiding the interference of the lower bent portion 513 of the bracket 50
  • the lock shaft 31 moves vertically in the lock slot 421 .
  • the distance between the locking center of the locking groove 421 and the bottom surface of the vehicle beam 10 is smaller than the distance between the center of the locking shaft 31 and the upper surface of the battery pack 21 . Therefore, the vehicle beam 10 can be prevented from interfering with the vertical movement of the locking shaft 31 in the locking groove 421 .
  • the locking unit 40 further includes a lock tongue 43 , which is rotatably connected to the lock base 42 to open or close the opening slot 422 .
  • the lock tongue 43 has a protrusion 431 capable of blocking the communication between the opening groove 422 and the locking groove 421 .
  • the protrusion 431 blocks the opening groove 422 and the locking groove 421 At this time, the space between the protrusion 431 and the locking groove 421 forms the locking receiving cavity 41 .
  • the protrusion 431 can rotate accordingly so that the opening slot 422 communicates with the locking slot 421 .
  • the locking unit 40 includes at least two lock bases 42, and each lock base 42 is rotatably connected with a lock tongue 43.
  • the locking unit 40 also includes a locking The rod 44 and the locking rod 44 are rotatably connected to the plurality of lock tongues 43 .
  • Multiple lock tongues 43 can be unlocked through the lock link 44, which improves the unlocking efficiency, and also prevents the multiple lock tongues 43 from being unlocked separately, resulting in inconsistent unlocking times and resulting in unlocking failure.
  • the locking unit 40 includes a reset member, one end of the reset member is connected to the lock link, and the other end is connected to the quick change bracket or the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the reset member can exert force on the lock link 44, accelerate the reset movement of the lock link 44 and drive the lock tongue 43 connected to the lock link 44 to rotate , to close the opening slot, so that automatic locking can be realized during the locking process.
  • the reset member can be a spring, and the spring can apply elastic force to the lock link 44 to accelerate the reset of the lock link 44, that is, return to the raised portion 431 to block the communication between the opening groove and the locking groove. at the location.
  • the lock tongue 43 has an unlocking portion 46 extending to the outside of the lock base 42 .
  • a force is directly applied to the unlocking portion 46 by an external device, so that a single lock tongue 43 can be unlocked.
  • the locking unit 40 may have any one of them, or both.
  • the locking unit 40 includes both the lock tongue 43 with the lock link 44 and the lock tongue 43 with the unlocking portion 46, the two can constitute a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism; specifically, through the lock A plurality of locking tongues 43 connected by the connecting rod 44 can be used as a primary locking mechanism to perform primary locking on the battery unit 20; a single locking tongue 43 with an unlocking portion 46 can be used as a secondary locking mechanism, thereby When the primary locking mechanism fails, the locking shaft 31 can still be locked to avoid locking failure and improve the locking reliability of the locking unit 40 to the connecting unit 30 .
  • the battery unit 20 also includes an unlocking lever, which is arranged opposite to the unlocking part 46 or the locking link 44, and is used to push the unlocking part 46 or the locking link 44 to rotate so that the lock tongue 43 is opened. Opening, when there is no action of the unlocking lever, the lock link or the dead bolt resets to the initial state, that is, the dead bolt closes the opening groove.
  • the unlocking lever may be located in the connecting unit 30 at a position opposite to the unlocking portion 46 or the locking link 44 .
  • the unlocking part 46 or the locking link 44 can be operated by the unlocking lever, thereby opening or closing the opening groove 422.
  • the unlocking lever acts on the unlocking part 46 or the locking link 44, the dead bolt 43 opens the opening groove 422, and the connecting unit 30 Can be removed from the locking unit 40 .
  • the locking unit 40 can also include a support base 47
  • the connecting unit 30 can include a support shaft
  • the support base 47 has a similar structure to the lock base 42
  • the support shaft It may have a similar structure to the lock shaft 31 .
  • the support base 47 is not equipped with a lock tongue 43. Under the action of the power exchange device 2, the support shaft can enter the support base 47 and be supported by the support base 47, increasing the locking
  • the connection point between the unit 40 and the connection unit 30 reduces the stress on a single connection point.
  • multiple lock shafts 31 and multiple lock bases 42 are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the support point of the battery pack 21 corresponds to the vehicle beam 10, the support strength of the vehicle beam 10 to the battery pack 21 is improved, and the stability of the connection is improved.
  • connection unit 30 includes at least one of a threaded connector and a T-shaped hook, the threaded connector is used to screw the battery unit 20 on the vehicle beam 10, and the T-shaped hook is used for The battery unit 20 is rotated and engaged on the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the locking unit 40 includes a locking seat 801, and the locking seat 801 has a first opening 802 extending in the vertical direction.
  • the first opening 802 A first threaded portion 804 is provided inside, and the first threaded portion 804 is an internal thread.
  • the connecting unit 30 includes a mounting shell 907 and a locking member 906.
  • a second opening 905 extending vertically in the mounting base 907 locks
  • the stopper 906 is vertically arranged in the second opening 905, the locker 906 can move in the vertical direction relative to the installation shell 907, and the locker 906 is provided with a second thread matched with the first threaded part 804 part, the second threaded part 904 can engage with the first threaded part 804 , so as to realize the locking and unlocking of the locking unit 40 and the connecting unit 30 .
  • the locking unit 40 in the rotational engagement mode, as shown in FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 , the locking unit 40 includes a locking seat 801 , and the locking seat 801 has a first opening extending in the vertical direction. Hole 802, the locking seat 801 is provided with a hooking part 803, the locking seat 801 has a hooking cavity, the first opening 802 communicates with the hooking cavity, and the hooking seat 803 is located at the bottom of the hooking cavity, in this embodiment, the first An opening 802 is a square hole, and the hooking portion 803 is located on both sides of the first opening 802.
  • the connecting unit 30 includes a locking member 906, and the upper end of the locking member 906 is provided with a hooking rod 903 extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the hooking rod 903 is a cylinder and is horizontally arranged on the top of the locking member 906, and the locking rod 903 and the unlocking rod 906 together form a T-shaped structure.
  • the hooking rod 903 When the hooking rod 903 is in the first position, the hooking rod 903 can pass through the first opening 802 and enter the hooking cavity of the locking seat 801, when the hooking rod 903 in the hooking cavity is rotated to the second position The hooking rod 903 can be hooked on the limiting portion 803 , so that the locking unit 40 and the connecting unit 30 are locked and fixed relative to each other.
  • the battery unit 20 includes a first electrical connector 22 , and the first electrical connector 22 is located on the outer wall of the battery unit 20 .
  • the electrical connection can be realized by plugging and aligning a first electrical connector 2221 ; thus, the steps of electrical connection can be simplified and the efficiency of connecting the battery unit 20 to the vehicle beam 10 can be improved.
  • the battery unit 20 includes a battery chamber 23 for accommodating the battery pack 21, the connecting unit 30 is arranged between two adjacent battery chambers 23, and two adjacent batteries A through hole 24 is also provided between the cavities 23 , and the through hole 24 is used for the wires connected to the battery pack 21 to pass through; the first electrical connector 22 is disposed on the outer wall of any battery cavity 23 .
  • the battery unit 20 may include a plurality of battery packs 21, and each battery pack 21 may be arranged in a corresponding battery cavity 23, and the battery cavities 23 may be communicated at some positions, thereby facilitating the integration of multiple batteries.
  • the packs 21 are connected together to form an output end with a first electrical connector 22; in addition, the wiring connection between the battery packs 21 is performed inside the battery unit 20, so that the external structure of the battery unit 20 is flat and unified.
  • the battery unit 20 also includes a casing 25 and a cover plate 26, a plurality of partitions 27 are arranged at intervals in the casing 25, and a plurality of partitions 27 are formed between the partitions 27.
  • the battery cavity 23; the opening of each battery cavity 23 is provided with a cover plate 26.
  • a plurality of battery packs 21 can be formed into a battery unit 20 as a whole; Unit 30 location.
  • there are two separators 27 between two adjacent battery packs 21 and the connection unit 30 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments is arranged between the two separators 27 .
  • the electric vehicle 1 further includes a second electrical connector 53, the second electrical connector 53 is arranged in the width direction of the vehicle beam 10, the second electrical connection The connector 53 is used to connect with the first electrical connector 22 so that the battery unit 20 supplies power to the electric vehicle 1 .
  • the second electrical connector 53 is also connected to the corresponding circuit on the electric vehicle 1, so that in actual implementation, connecting the first electrical connector 22 to the second electrical connector 53 can make the battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10 Make an electrical connection.
  • the bracket 50 provided with the lock base 42 includes a longitudinal bracket 51 and a transverse bracket 52, the longitudinal bracket 51 is connected to the vehicle beam 10, and the transverse bracket 52 is connected to Between the longitudinal brackets 51 , a second electrical connector 53 is disposed on the horizontal brackets 52 .
  • the longitudinal support 51 and the transverse support 52 can be connected by a connecting column 54 , and the ends of the longitudinal support 51 and the transverse support 52 are respectively connected to different sides of the connecting column 54 .
  • the transverse bracket 52 can be used to install the second electrical connector 53.
  • the locking unit 40 and the electrical connector can be integrally installed on the vehicle beam 10 at the same time, so as to avoid separate Installation and repeated debugging and alignment can also improve installation efficiency; on the other hand, the connection strength between the two longitudinal brackets 51 can be strengthened, so that the overall structural strength of the bracket 50 can be improved.
  • horizontal brackets 52 may be provided at both ends of the longitudinal bracket 51, and a second electrical connector 53 may be provided on one of the horizontal brackets 52, thereby forming a rectangular frame structure and further improving the overall structure of the bracket 50.
  • a transverse support 52 is set at one end of the longitudinal support 51, forms a U-shaped frame structure, so that the extended end of the longitudinal support 51 can fit in better according to the structural shape of the vehicle beam 10 on the side wall of the vehicle beam 10.
  • the transverse support 52 is located below the vehicle beam 10 , and the longitudinal support 51 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the vehicle beam 10 can be avoided to avoid interference; the longitudinal bracket 51 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 to increase the connection area and utilize the rigidity of the vehicle beam 10 to improve the stability of the connection.
  • the transverse support 52 covers at least a part of the end of the battery unit 20 . Therefore, it is possible to provide support for the connection between the electrical connectors during docking.
  • the battery unit 20 includes a side battery pack 211 , and the battery pack 21 is arranged on the outside of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, interference with the internal structure of the vehicle beam 10 can be avoided.
  • the battery unit 20 also includes a middle battery pack 212, the middle battery pack 212 is arranged between the two side battery packs 211, and is located in the vehicle Beam 10 below.
  • setting the middle battery pack 212 can improve the power supply capacity, or in the case of providing the same power supply capacity, the thickness of the battery unit 20 can be reduced by setting the middle battery pack 212 .
  • the middle battery pack 212 is disposed under the vehicle beam 10 to avoid interference with components between the two vehicle beams 10 .
  • the middle battery pack 212 is provided with an escape port for avoiding the drive shaft of the electric vehicle 1 .
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a quick change assembly, which is applied to the electric vehicle 1 as described above;
  • the quick change assembly includes a locking unit 40 and a battery unit 20.
  • the locking unit 40 is used to connect with the vehicle beam 10.
  • the battery unit 20 includes a plurality of battery packs 21. Between two adjacent battery packs 21 corresponding to the vehicle beam 10 A connecting unit 30 is provided, and the connecting unit 30 cooperates with the locking unit 40 .
  • the locking unit 40 in the quick change assembly can be the locking unit 40 in any of the above embodiments, and the battery unit 20 can also be the battery unit 20 in any of the above embodiments.
  • the existing electric vehicle 1 can be refitted, so that the original fixed direct-charge battery becomes a detachable battery unit 20, so that the battery unit 20 on the electric vehicle 1 can be quickly replaced, and the battery unit 20 can also be quickly replaced. Install the fully charged battery unit 20 on the electric vehicle 1 .
  • the empty battery exchange equipment 2 can directly enter the space below the battery unit without contact with the electric vehicle. Interference occurs at the bottom of the vehicle; when the battery unit is installed by the power exchange equipment 2, the power exchange equipment 2 carrying the battery unit can also directly enter the bottom of the vehicle beam for power exchange without interfering with the bottom of the electric vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动车辆（1）及快换组件，电动车辆（1）包括车梁（10）和电池单元（20），电池单元（20）包括沿着车梁（10）的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包（21）；相邻两个电池包（21）之间设有连接单元（30），连接单元（30）位于电池包（21）的上表面上方，且位于车梁（10）的一侧，连接单元（30）用于将电池单元（20）与车梁（10）可拆卸连接，从而能够对大重量的电动车辆进行供电;降低了电池单元的整体高度;适应大重量的电动车辆的换电需求，提高了大尺寸电池包与车梁连接的安全性和稳定性，避免因电池单元的中间区域缺少支撑导致电池单元发生变形;电池包的承重点与车梁相配合，简化了电池单元与车梁之间的连接结构，提高了车梁对电池包的承载强度，适应多种外型尺寸的电池单元的安装和拆卸。

Description

电动车辆及快换组件
本申请要求申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067637、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067815、申请日为2021年11月30日的中国专利申请CN2021114443838、申请日为2021年12月31日的中国专利申请CN2021116679722的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动车辆，尤其涉及一种具有快换电池单元的电动车辆及快换组件。
背景技术
对于大重量的电动车辆，比如货运卡车，需要配置更多的电池包以对电动车辆进行供电。
现有技术中的电动车辆，电池包安装于车辆底部的方式，一般通过在电池包的侧壁设置锁轴，将锁轴挂接于电动车辆底部的车身支架上实现，而对于供电需求较大的电动车辆需配备大容量的电池包，这就需要增大电池包尺寸以安装更多的电芯，这种侧壁设置锁轴的方式导致电池包的锁止支撑点与车梁距离较远，支撑强度差，电池包的中间区域缺少支撑易导致电池包变形或从车身支架上脱落。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中现有技术中的大尺寸的电池包支撑强度差且易从车身支架上脱落的缺陷，提供一种电动车辆及快换组件。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种电动车辆，所述电动车辆包括车梁和电池单元，所述电池单元包括沿着所述车梁的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包；
相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元，所述连接单元位于所述电池包的上表面上方，且位于所述车梁的一侧，所述连接单元用于将所述电池单元与所述车梁可拆卸连接。
在本方案中，电池单元具有多个电池包，能够对大重量的电动车辆进行供电；并且电池单元的多个电池包沿着车梁的宽度方向并列设置，使得电池包能够平铺设置，降低了电池单元的整体高度；而通过在电池包之间设置连接单元，能够将电池单元与电动车辆的车梁可拆卸连接，以适应大重量的电动车辆的换电需求，提高了大尺寸电池包与车梁连接的安全性和稳定性，避免因电池单元的中间区域缺少支撑导致电池单元发生变形、支撑强度差或从车辆上脱落；将连接单元突出于电池包的上表面，使得连接单元便于安装于车梁的侧壁，使电池包的承重点与车梁相配合，简化了电池单元与车梁之间 的连接结构，提高了车梁对电池包的承载强度，适应多种外型尺寸的电池单元的安装和拆卸，通过上述电池包的设置方式，能够在车梁下方预留换电设备承载电池包进出车梁底部的高度，避免了抬高车辆或在地面上挖坑的情形。
较佳地，所述电动车辆还包括设于所述车梁上的锁止单元，所述锁止单元具有锁止容纳腔，所述锁止容纳腔位于所述车梁的侧壁的一侧，所述锁止容纳腔用于将所述连接单元锁止于车梁上。
在本方案中，锁止容纳腔位于车梁的一侧，当连接单元与锁止容纳腔连接时，电池单元通过连接单元连接于车梁的一侧，提高了车梁对电池包的承载强度，同时预留出电池包下表面距离底面的距离，为换电设备进入车辆下方进行换电操作留出更多的空间，换电设备仅需将电池单元向下移动较短的距离即可避让车梁及锁止单元，以沿水平方向进出车梁的底部，为换电设备承载电池进出车梁底部预留充分的空间，避免车辆上的部件干涉换电设备进出车辆的底部。
较佳地，所述锁止单元包括锁基座，所述锁基座内设有所述锁止容纳腔，所述锁基座连接于所述车梁的侧壁上。
在本方案中，通过锁基座进行锁止，便于对锁基座进行结构改动以适应连接单元的结构，避免对车身大梁的结构进行改动，能够提升锁止的稳定性和可靠性。
较佳地，所述锁基座通过支架安装于所述车梁上，所述支架与所述车梁的侧壁连接，所述锁基座设于所述支架与所述车梁相背离的一侧。
在本方案中，锁止单元可以通过支架安装于车梁上，便于将多个锁基座以及电连接器等快换机构集成到支架上，实现快换机构的整体安装与拆卸，能够简化安装步骤和流程，提升制造效率，提高了电池单元与不同车型车梁的适配性，避免因车型不同而导致大梁或电池单元的改动。
较佳地，所述支架连接于所述车梁间相背离的侧壁上，且所述支架的顶部不超出所述车梁的顶部。
在本方案中，支架连接于两个车梁间相背离的侧壁上，从而避免与车梁之间的部件产生干涉，也能便于安装支架。支架的顶部不超出车梁的顶部，能够避免与车梁上方的部件产生干涉。从而能够减小对电动车辆本身的改动，提升了支架与不同车辆的适配性。
较佳地，所述锁基座安装于所述车梁的侧壁上。
在本方案中，锁基座可以直接安装于车梁的侧壁上，或者也可以配以相应的安装座，将锁基座安装于车梁的侧壁上。使得安装灵活，在不影响与连接单元连接结构的前提下，能够适应不同的车梁的结构以及安装位置需求。
较佳地，所述连接单元包括锁轴和轴支架，所述锁轴自所述轴支架的侧壁向朝向所述锁止容纳腔的方向延伸。
在本方案中，通过轴支架能够实现锁轴的安装，锁止单元能够对锁轴进行锁止从而将电池单元与车梁相连。
较佳地，所述轴支架朝向所述锁基座的侧壁上设有导向部，所述导向部的表面与支架的表面或所述车梁的表面贴合。
在本方案中，通过导向部能够对电池单元在锁止和解锁过程中的移动进行导向，从而提升锁止过程或解锁过程中的稳定性。
较佳地，所述连接单元还包括立柱，所述立柱自所述电池单元的底部向上延伸，所述轴支架安装于所述立柱上。
在本方案中，电池单元的底部本身作为承载内部电芯的载体，结构强度较高，通过立柱将锁轴和电池单元的底部连接，将锁轴的支撑力传递到电池单元的底部，利用电池单元底部自身的承载作用，进一步提升锁轴的支撑强度和连接单元的连接强度。
较佳地，所述锁基座包括锁止槽，所述锁止容纳腔位于所述锁止槽内，所述锁止槽用于挂接所述锁轴。
较佳地，所述锁基座还包括开口槽，所述开口槽与所述锁止槽相连通，所述开口槽用于供所述锁轴进入所述锁止槽并锁止于所述锁止容纳腔内。
在本方案中，通过开口槽和与其连通的锁止槽，锁轴能够自开口槽进入锁止槽并最终锁止于锁止容纳腔内，该锁止步骤简单，能够提升锁止效率和成功率。
较佳地，用于将锁基座安装于所述车梁上的支架的上方具有上弯折部，当锁轴位于锁止槽内时，所述锁轴的中心与所述上弯折部之间的距离大于所述锁轴的中心与所述轴支架上表面之间的距离。
在本方案中，能够避免支架的上弯折部干涉锁轴在锁止槽内的竖直方向移动。
较佳地，所述支架的下方还具有下弯折部，所述下弯折部与所述车梁的底面连接，当锁轴位于锁止槽内时，所述锁轴的中心与所述下弯折部之间的距离小于所述锁轴的中心与所述电池包的上表面之间的距离；
或，所述锁轴的中心与所述车梁底面之间的距离小于所述锁轴的中心与所述电池包的上表面之间的距离。
在本方案中，能够避免支架的下弯折部或车梁干涉锁轴在锁止槽内的竖直方向移动。
较佳地，所述锁止单元还包括锁舌，所述锁舌与所述锁基座可转动连接，以打开或关闭所述开口槽。
在本方案中，通过锁舌能够将锁轴限制于锁基座内，实现锁止单元对锁轴锁止的稳定性。
较佳地，所述锁止单元至少包括两个锁基座，每个所述锁基座均转动连接有锁舌，所述锁止单元还包括锁连杆，所述锁连杆与所述多个锁舌可转动连接。
在本方案中，通过锁连杆能够解锁多个锁舌，提升解锁效率，也能避免多个锁舌分别解锁导致解锁时间不一致而致使解锁失败。
较佳地，所述锁舌具有延伸至锁基座外侧的解锁部。
在本方案中，锁舌可以具有解锁部，通过外部设备对解锁部施加作用力，从而能够对单个锁舌进行解锁。在具体实施时，单个锁舌可以具有该解锁部，以对锁舌进行解锁，从而该具有解锁部的锁舌以及锁基座可以作为锁止单元的二级锁止部件，从而当具有锁连杆的锁止部件失效时，仍能锁轴进行锁止，避免锁止失效，提升锁止单元对连接单元的锁止能力。
较佳地，所述电池单元还包括解锁杆，所述解锁杆与所述解锁部或所述锁连杆相对设置，并用于推动所述解锁部或所述锁连杆转动，以使所述锁舌打开或者闭合所述开口。
在本方案中，通过解锁杆能够对解锁部或锁连杆进行动作，从而打开或者闭合开口槽，当解锁杆作用于解锁部或锁连杆时，锁舌打开开口槽，连接单元能够从锁止单元中移动出来。
较佳地，多个所述锁轴和多个所述锁基座均沿着所述车梁的长度方向布置。
在本方案中，通过上述结构，将电池包支撑点与车梁相对应，提高车梁对电池包的支撑强度，提升连接的稳定性。
较佳地，所述连接单元包括螺纹连接件、T型挂接件中的至少一个，所述螺纹连接件用于将电池单元螺纹连接于车梁上，所述T型挂接件用于将电池单元旋转卡合于车梁上。
较佳地，所述电池单元包括第一电连接器，所述第一电连接器位于所述电池单元的外侧壁。
在本方案中，通过第一电连接器能够与车辆对应的接口插接，以使电池包对电动车辆进行供电。
较佳地，所述电池单元包括用于容纳电池包的电池腔，所述连接单元设置于相邻两个所述电池腔之间，相邻两个所述电池腔之间还设有通孔，所述通孔用于供连接所述电池包的导线穿过；所述第一电连接器设置于任一所述电池腔的外侧壁。
在本方案中，电池包设置于电池腔内，并在电池腔内通过导线连接，以形成具有一个第一电连接器的输出端，使得电池单元形成为一个整体。
较佳地，所述电池单元还包括壳体和盖板，所述壳体内间隔设有多个隔板，所述隔板之间形成所述电池腔；每个所述电池腔的腔口处均设有所述盖板。
较佳地，所述电动车辆还包括第二电连接器，所述第二电连接器布置于所述车梁的宽度方向上，所述第二电连接器用于与所述第一电连接器连接，以使所述电池单元对所述电动车辆供电。
在本方案中，通过上述结构，在电池包拆装的过程中，便于对接第一电连接器和第二电连接器，以形成电连接。
较佳地，设有锁基座的支架包括纵向支架和横向支架，所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁上，所述横向支架连接于所述纵向支架之间，所述横向支架上设置有所述第二电连接器。
在本方案中，通过上述结构的支架，当其被安装于车梁上后，能够将锁止单元和电连接器同时整体安装于车梁上，避免各个部件单独安装而反复调试对准，也能够提升安装效率。
较佳地，所述横向支架位于所述车梁下方，所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
在本方案中，横向支架位于车梁下方，能够避让车梁，避免干涉；纵向支架连接车梁的侧壁，能够增大连接面积，利用车梁的刚度，提升连接的稳定性。
较佳地，所述横向支架至少覆盖所述电池单元端部的部分区域。
在本方案中，能够在对接时，为电连接器之间的连接提供支撑。
较佳地，所述电池单元包括侧部电池包，所述电池包设于所述车梁的外侧。
在本方案中，能够避免与车梁内部的结构产生干涉。
较佳地，所述电池单元还包括中部电池包，所述中部电池包设于两个所述侧部电池包之间，且位于所述车梁下方。
在本方案中，设置中部电池包能够提升供电能力，或者在提供相同的供电能力的情形下，通过设置中部电池包能够减小电池单元的厚度。另外，中部电池包设置于车梁下方，能够避免与两个车梁之间的部件干涉。
较佳地，所述侧部电池包内设有避让口，用于避让所述电动车辆的传动轴。
一种快换组件，所述快换组件应用于如上述的电动车辆中；
所述快换组件包括锁止单元和电池单元，所述锁止单元用于与所述车梁连接，所述电池单元包括多个电池包，与所述车梁对应的相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元，所述连接单元与所述锁止单元相配合。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：电池单元具有多个电池包，能够对大重量的电动车辆进行供电；并且电池单元的多个电池包沿着车梁的宽度方向并列设置，使得电池包能够平铺设置，降低了电池单元的整体高度；而通过在电池包之间设置连接单元，能够将电池单元与电动车辆的车梁可拆卸连接，以适应大重量的电动车辆的换电需求，提高了大尺寸电池包与车梁连接的安全性和稳定性，避免因电池单元的中间区域缺少支撑导致电池单元发生变形、支撑强度差或从车辆上脱落；将连接单元突出于电池包的上表面，使得连接单元便于安装于车梁的侧壁，使电池包的承重点与车梁相配合，简化了电池单元与车梁之间的连接结构，提高了车梁对电池包的承载强度，适应多种外型尺寸的电池单元的安装和拆卸，通过上述电池包的设置方式，能够在车梁下方预留换电设备承载电池包进出车梁底部的高度，避免了抬高车辆或在地面上挖坑的情形。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种电动车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施提供的电动车辆下方设有换电设备的结构示意图；
图3为图1中电动车辆的电池单元被去除后的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种锁止单元和支架连接的结构示意图；
图5为图4中锁止单元和支架连接的主视示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种锁止单元的平面结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种电池单元的结构示意图；
图8为图7的局部放大图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种电池单元的结构示意图，其中，一侧的侧部电池包、部分壳体和部分盖板被去除；
图10本发明实施例提供的电动车辆另一种的锁止单元和连接单元的结构示意图，此时锁止单元和连接单元锁止在一起；
图11本发明实施例提供的电动车辆另一种的连接单元的结构示意图；
图12本发明实施例提供的电动车辆另一种的锁止单元的结构示意图；
图13本发明实施例提供的电动车辆另一种的连接单元的结构示意图。
图14本发明实施例提供的电动车辆另一种的锁止单元和连接单元的结构示意图，此时锁止机构和锁连接结构锁止在一起。
附图标记说明：
电动车辆1；车梁10；电池单元20；电池包21；侧部电池包211；中部电池包212；第一电连接器22；电池腔23；通孔24；壳体25；盖板26；隔板27；连接单元30；锁轴31；轴基座311；轴本体312；轴支架32；上沿板321；导向部33；立柱34；锁止单元40；锁止容纳腔41；锁基座42；锁止槽421；开口槽422；锁舌43；凸起部431；锁连杆44；解锁部46；支撑基座47；支架50；纵向支架51；支架本体511；上弯折部512；下弯折部513；横向支架52；第二电连接器53；连接柱54；换电设备2；锁止座801；第一开孔802；挂接部803；第一螺纹部804；挂接杆903；第二螺纹部904；第二开孔905；锁止件906；安装壳907
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本发明实施例提供了一种电动车辆1，如图1所示，电动车辆1包括车梁10和电池单元20，电池单元20包括沿着车梁10的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包21；相邻两个电池包21之间设有连接单元30，连接单元30位于电池包21的上表面上方，且位于车梁10的一侧，连接单元30用于将电池单元20与车梁10可拆卸连接。
在具体实施时，如图1所示，电动车辆1具有沿着车辆长度方向延伸且沿着车辆的宽度方向间隔设置的两个车梁10，该车梁10的宽度方向与电动车辆1的宽度方向相同。电池单元20具有多个电 池包21，多个电池包21提供的电能能够对比如卡车等大重量的电动车辆1进行供电。并且电池单元20的多个电池包21沿着车梁10的宽度方向并列设置，使得电池包21能够平铺设置，降低了电池单元20的整体高度。
通过在电池包21之间设置连接单元30，能够将电池单元20与电动车辆1的车梁10可拆卸连接，以适应大重量的电动车辆1的换电需求，提高了大尺寸电池单元20与车梁10连接的安全性和稳定性，避免因电池单元20的中间区域缺少支撑导致电池单元20发生变形、支撑强度差或从车辆1上脱落。并且，在对大重量的电动车辆1进行换电时，能够对电池单元20整体进行更换，以适应大重量的电动车辆1的快换需求。通过上述电池单元20的设置方式，如图2所示，能够在车梁10下方预留换电设备2承载电池包进出车梁底部的高度，避免了抬高车辆或在地面上挖坑的情形。
将连接单元30位于电池包21的上表面上方，使得连接单元30便于安装于车梁10的侧壁，使电池单元20的承重点与车梁10相配合，简化了电池单元20与车梁10之间的连接结构，提高了车梁10对电池单元20的承载强度，适应多种外型尺寸的电池单元20的安装和拆卸。可以理解的是，连接单元30位于电池包21的上表面上方，可以是连接单元30中用于与车梁10连接的相应部件位于电池包21的上表面，比如用于与车梁10连接的锁轴31位于电池包21的上表面；连接单元30也可以具有位于电池包21上表面以下的结构，比如连接单元30与电池单元20底部连接的立柱34等结构件。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3所示，电动车辆1还包括设于车梁10上的锁止单元40，锁止单元40具有锁止容纳腔41，锁止容纳腔41位于车梁10的侧壁的一侧，锁止容纳腔41用于将连接单元30锁止于车梁10上。
如图3所示，锁止容纳腔41位于车梁10的一侧，连接单元30用于与锁止容纳腔41连接的部件位于电池包21上表面的上方，当连接单元30与锁止容纳腔41连接时，电池单元20通过连接单元30连接于车梁10的一侧，且可位于车梁10的下方，从而提高了车梁10对电池包21的承载强度，同时预留出电池包21下表面距离底面的距离，为换电设备2进入车辆下方进行换电操作留出更多的空间；换电设备2仅需将电池单元20向下移动较短的距离即可避让车梁10及锁止单元40，以沿水平方向进出车梁10的底部，为换电设备2承载电池进出车梁10底部预留充分的空间，避免车辆1上的部件干涉换电设备2进出车辆1的底部。还可以避免与两个车梁10之间的部件产生干涉。
在具体实施时，锁止容纳腔41可以采用多种结构形式，比如锁止容纳腔41可以设于锁基座42上，也可以直接在支架50上设置锁止容纳腔41，下面将以锁止容纳腔41设于锁基座42为例进行具体地说明，但是不应将其局限于下述的实施方式中。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3-图5所示，锁止单元40包括锁基座42，锁基座42内设有锁止容纳腔41，锁基座42连接于车梁10的侧壁上。
通过设置锁基座42形成锁止容纳腔41，便于对锁基座42进行结构改动以适应连接单元30的结 构；并且，通过在车梁10上加装锁基座42，能够避免对车身大梁的结构进行改动，也能够对现有的电动车辆1进行改装；另外，锁基座42连接于车梁10上，能够利用车梁10的刚度承重电池单元20的重量，使得锁止更为稳定和可靠。
在具体实施时，锁基座42与车梁10的连接方式也可以根据实际情况采用多种方式，下面将给出一些可行的实施方式，但是不应将其局限于下述的实施方式中。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3-图5所示，锁基座42可以通过支架50安装于车梁10上，支架50与车梁10的侧壁连接，锁基座42设于支架50与车梁10相背离的一侧。
在具体实施时，可以将一侧车梁10上的锁基座42都设置于支架50上，从而通过将支架50安装于车梁10上便可在一侧车梁10上安装需安装于其上的所有锁基座42。另外，支架50可以形成在车梁10两侧，从而通过安装支架50便可以将两侧车梁10上需安装的所有锁基座42安装于两侧的车梁10上，还可以提高电池单元20与不同车型车梁10的适配性，避免因车型不同而导致大梁或电池单元20的改动。其外，还可以将车辆的电连接器等快换机构集成在支架50上，实现快换机构的整体安装与拆卸，能够简化安装步骤和流程，提升安装效率。在对现有的电动车辆1进行改装时，可以先将锁基座42组装至支架50上，然后直接在车梁10上加装具有锁基座42的支架50，能够节约电动车辆1的改装时间，提升制造及改装效率。
如图3和图4所示，支架50的两个侧面，一个侧面与车梁10的侧壁连接，另一个侧面连接有锁基座42。另外，在不与车梁10内部的部件干涉的前提下，支架50可以与车梁10的外侧壁连接，也可以与车梁10的内侧壁连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3所示，支架50连接于车梁10间相背离的侧壁上，即外侧壁上，且支架50的顶部不超出车梁10的顶部。
支架50连接于两个车梁10间相背离的侧壁上，从而避免与车梁10之间的部件产生干涉，适应不同车辆的安装需求，也能便于安装支架50。支架50的顶部不超出车梁10的顶部，能够避免与车梁10上方的部件产生干涉。从而能够减小对电动车辆1本身的改动，提升了支架50与不同车辆的适配性。
如图3和图4所示，支架50可以包括纵向支架51，当支架50安装于车梁10上后，纵向支架51沿着车梁10的长度方向延伸。纵向支架51可以包括支架本体511、上弯折部512和下弯折部513，上弯折部512和下弯折部513分别与支架本体511的上端和下端连接，并且沿着相反的方向延伸。其中，下弯折部513沿着朝向车梁10的方向延伸，上弯折部512沿着背离车梁10的方向延伸。下弯折部513和支架本体511均可用于与车梁10连接，具体地，下弯折部513可与车梁10的底部连接，支架本体511可与车梁10的侧壁连接，从而能够提升支架50与车梁10的连接性能，进而也能够将支架50的受力分散至车梁10上。上弯折部512则可位于锁基座42的上方，从而能够保护锁基座42。
作为另一种较佳地实施方式，锁基座42安装于车梁10的侧壁上。
结合图3-图5，可以理解的是，锁基座42可以直接安装于车梁10的侧壁上，比如锁基座42上设有穿孔，并通过紧固件与车梁10的对应位置连接。或者，也可以匹配相应的安装座，将锁基座42安装于车梁10的侧壁上。将锁基座42直接与车梁10侧壁连接，或者通过安装座与侧壁连接，可以根据锁止需求灵活安装锁基座42从而，在不影响与连接单元30连接结构的前提下，能够适应不同的车梁10的结构以及安装位置需求。另外，可以通过一个安装座将单个锁基座42或同时将多个锁基座42安装于车梁10的侧壁，在同一车梁10上，可以设置多个安装座。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图7和图8所示，连接单元30包括锁轴31和轴支架32，锁轴31自轴支架32的侧壁向朝向锁止容纳腔41的方向延伸。
在具体实施时，如图7所示，轴支架32设于相邻两个电池包21之间，且位于电池包21上表面以上处。锁轴31可以具有轴基座311和轴本体312，轴本体312自轴基座311的表面延伸；轴本体312穿过轴支架32，并通过轴基座311与轴支架32连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图7和图8所示，轴支架32朝向锁基座42的侧壁上设有导向部33，导向部33的表面与支架50的表面或车梁10的表面贴合。从而提升锁止过程或解锁过程中的稳定性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图9所示，连接单元30还包括立柱34，立柱34自电池单元20的底部向上延伸，轴支架32安装于立柱34上。
如图9所示，相邻两个电池包21之间设有多个立柱34，轴支架32安装于立柱34上，且位于电池包21上表面以上。轴支架32还包括上沿板321，上沿板321设于立柱34的顶部，轴基座311位于上沿板321的下方。从而，电池单元20的底部本身作为承载内部电芯的载体，结构强度较高，通过立柱34将锁轴31和电池单元20的底部连接，将锁轴31的支撑力传递到电池单元20的底部，利用电池单元20底部自身的承载作用，进一步提升锁轴31的支撑强度和连接单元30的连接强度。立柱34与电池单元20底部之间还可以具有加强结构。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图5和图6所示，锁基座42包括锁止槽421，锁止容纳腔41位于锁止槽421内，锁止槽421可用于挂接锁轴31。
在具体实施时，锁轴31能够进入锁止槽421并被锁止于锁止容纳腔41内。如图4所示，两侧的车梁10均连接有锁止槽421，当电池单元20与车梁10连接后，两侧车梁10上的锁止槽421能够对对应的连接单元30上的锁轴31进行锁止，相比于单侧锁止，能够使得锁止更为稳定，也能够将受力分散至两侧。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图5所示，锁基座42还包括开口槽422，开口槽422与锁止槽421相连通，开口槽422用于供锁轴31进入锁止槽421并锁止于锁止容纳腔41内。
在具体实施时，通过开口槽422和与其连通的锁止槽421，锁轴31能够自开口槽422进入锁止槽421并最终锁止于锁止容纳腔41内，具体地，如图5所示，开口槽422沿着竖直方向延伸，锁止槽421沿着水平方向延伸，在电池单元20安装于车梁10的过程中，从而电池单元20在换电设备2的举升作用下，电池单元20的锁轴31能够沿着竖直方向向上移动并通过开口槽422移动至锁止槽421与开口槽422的交界处，再在换电设备2的作用下，锁轴31沿着水平方向移动进入锁止槽421的锁止容纳腔41内，相应地，该电池单元20的解锁可以具有与锁止步骤相反的步骤。该锁止步骤及解锁步骤简单，能够提升锁止或解锁的效率和成功率。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3和图4所示，用于将锁基座42安装于车梁10上的支架50的上方具有上弯折部512，当锁轴31位于锁止槽421内时，锁轴的中心与上弯折部512之间的距离大于锁轴31的中心与轴支架32上表面之间的距离。
从而，能够避免支架50的上弯折部512干涉锁轴31在锁止槽421内的竖直方向移动。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3和图4所示，支架50的下方还具有下弯折部513，下弯折部513与车梁10的底面连接，当锁轴31位于锁止槽421内时，锁轴31的中心与下弯折部513之间的距离小于锁轴31的中心与电池包21的上表面之间的距离；从而能够避免支架50的下弯折部513干涉锁轴31在锁止槽421内的竖直方向移动。
作为另一种较佳地实施方式，锁止槽421的锁止中心与车梁10底面之间的距离小于锁轴31的中心与电池包21的上表面之间的距离。从而能够避免车梁10干涉锁轴31在锁止槽421内的竖直方向移动。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图4和图5所示，锁止单元40还包括锁舌43，锁舌43与锁基座42可转动连接，以打开或关闭开口槽422。
在具体实施时，如图5所示，锁舌43具有能够阻断开口槽422和锁止槽421之间连通的凸起部431，当凸起部431阻断开口槽422和锁止槽421时，凸起部431和锁止槽421之间的空间形成锁止容纳腔41。当锁舌43转动远离锁基座42时，凸起部431能够随之转动使得开口槽422和锁止槽421连通。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图5所示，锁止单元40至少包括两个锁基座42，每个锁基座42均转动连接有锁舌43，锁止单元40还包括锁连杆44，锁连杆44与多个锁舌43可转动连接。通过锁连杆44能够解锁多个锁舌43，提升解锁效率，也能避免多个锁舌43分别解锁导致解锁时间不一致而致使解锁失败。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，锁止单元40包括复位件，复位件的一端连接于锁连杆上，另一端连接于快换支架或车梁10上。
可以理解的是，在锁连杆向下复位运动过程中，复位件能够对锁连杆44施加作用力，能够加速 锁连杆44复位运动并带动连接于锁连杆44上的锁舌43转动，以关闭开口槽，从而在锁止过程时，能够实现自动锁止。如图所示，在具体实施时，复位件可以为弹簧，弹簧能够对锁连杆44施加弹性力，加速锁连杆44复位，即恢复至凸起部431阻断开口槽和锁止槽连通的位置处。
作为另一种较佳地实施方式，如图5所示，锁舌43具有延伸至锁基座42外侧的解锁部46。通过外部设备直接对解锁部46施加作用力，从而能够对单个锁舌43进行解锁。
对于以上的两种实施方式，锁止单元40可以具有其中的任意一种，或同时具有两种。当锁止单元40既包括具有锁连杆44的锁舌43，又包括具有解锁部46的锁舌43时，两者可以构成一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构；具体地，通过锁连杆44连接的多个锁舌43，其可以作为一级锁止机构，对电池单元20进行一级锁止；具有解锁部46的单个锁舌43，其可以作为二级锁止机构，从而当具有一级锁止机构失效时，仍能锁轴31进行锁止，避免锁止失效，提升锁止单元40对连接单元30的锁止可靠性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，电池单元20还包括解锁杆，解锁杆与解锁部46或锁连杆44相对设置，并用于推动解锁部46或锁连杆44转动，以使锁舌43打开开口，当无解锁杆作用时，锁连杆或锁舌复位至初始状态，即锁舌关闭开口槽。
在具体实施时，解锁杆可以位于连接单元30中，并与解锁部46或锁连杆44相对的位置处。通过解锁杆能够对解锁部46或锁连杆44进行动作，从而打开或者闭合开口槽422，当解锁杆作用于解锁部46或锁连杆44时，锁舌43打开开口槽422，连接单元30能够从锁止单元40中移动出来。
在具体实施时，如图4和图5所示，锁止单元40还可以包括支撑基座47，连接单元30可以包括支撑轴，支撑基座47与锁基座42具有类似的结构，支撑轴可以与锁轴31具有类似的结构。但相比于锁基座42，支撑基座47内未设置锁舌43，在换电设备2的作用下，支撑轴可以进入支撑基座47内，并被支撑基座47支撑，增加锁止单元40与连接单元30的连接点，减小单个连接点的受力。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3-4所示，多个锁轴31和多个锁基座42均沿着车梁10的长度方向布置。从而将电池包21支撑点与车梁10相对应，提高车梁10对电池包21的支撑强度，提升连接的稳定性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，连接单元30包括螺纹连接件、T型挂接件中的至少一个，螺纹连接件用于将电池单元20螺纹连接于车梁10上，T型挂接件用于将电池单元20旋转卡合于车梁10上。
具体的，在螺纹连接方式中，如图10和图11所示，锁止单元40包括锁止座801，锁止座801具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔802，第一开孔802内设有第一螺纹部804，该第一螺纹部804为内螺纹，连接单元30包括安装壳907和锁止件906，该安装座907内沿竖直方向延伸的第二开孔905，锁止件906竖向设置在第二开孔905内，该锁止件906可相对于安装壳907在竖直方向移动且锁止件906上设有与第一螺纹部804相配合的第二螺纹部，第二螺纹部904能够与第一螺纹部804啮合，从 而实现锁止单元40与连接单元30的锁止和解锁。
在其他具体实施例中，在旋转卡合方式中，如图12、图13和图14所示，锁止单元40包括锁止座801，锁止座801具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔802，该锁止座801内设有挂接部803，锁止座801具有挂接腔，第一开孔802与挂接腔连通，且挂接座803位于挂接腔底部，本实施例中，第一开孔802为方形孔，且挂接部803位于第一开孔802的两侧，连接单元30包括锁止件906，该锁止件906的上端设有沿水平方向延伸的挂接杆903，该挂接杆903为柱状体且水平设置在锁止件906的顶部，锁止杆903与解锁杆906共同构成T型结构。
当挂接杆903处于第一位置时，挂接杆903能够穿过第一开孔802并进入锁止座801的挂接腔内，当位于挂接腔内的挂接杆903旋转至第二位置时，挂接杆903能够挂接于限位部803上，从而使得锁止单元40与连接单元30相对锁止固定。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图7和图9所示，电池单元20包括第一电连接器22，第一电连接器22位于电池单元20的外侧壁。
在对电池单元2020进行更换时，通过插接对准一个第一电连接器2221便可实现电连接；从而能够简化电连接的步骤，提升电池单元20与车梁10连接的效率。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图9所示，电池单元20包括用于容纳电池包21的电池腔23，连接单元30设置于相邻两个电池腔23之间，相邻两个电池腔23之间还设有通孔24，通孔24用于供连接电池包21的导线穿过；第一电连接器22设置于任一电池腔23的外侧壁。
在具体实施时，电池单元20可以包括多个电池包21，每个电池包21可以设置于对应的电池腔23内，并且电池腔23之间可以在部分位置处连通，从而便于将多个电池包21连接在一起，并形成具有一个第一电连接器22的输出端；另外，电池包21之间的布线连接在电池单元20内部进行，使得电池单元20外部结构平整统一。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图7和图9所示，电池单元20还包括壳体25和盖板26，壳体25内间隔设有多个隔板27，隔板27之间形成电池腔23；每个电池腔23的腔口处均设有盖板26。
在具体实施时，通过壳体25和盖板26的结构形式，能够将多个电池包21形成一个电池单元20整体；此外，通过盖板26盖设于壳体25的相应位置，能够避让连接单元30的位置。如图9所示，相邻两个电池包21之间具有两个隔板27，两个隔板27之间设有上述任一实施方式的连接单元30。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3和图4所示，电动车辆1还包括第二电连接器53，第二电连接器53布置于车梁10的宽度方向上，第二电连接器53用于与第一电连接器22连接，以使电池单元20对电动车辆1供电。
其中，第二电连接器53还与电动车辆1上相应的线路连接，从而在具体实施时，将第一电连接器22与第二电连接器53连接便可使得电池单元20与车梁10实现电连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图1-图4所示，设有锁基座42的支架50包括纵向支架51和横向支架52，纵向支架51连接于车梁10上，横向支架52连接于纵向支架51之间，横向支架52上设置有第二电连接器53。
如图3和图4所示，纵向支架51和横向支架52之间可以通过连接柱54连接，纵向支架51的端部和横向支架52的端部分别与连接柱54的不同侧面连接。横向支架52一方面能够用于安装第二电连接器53，当其被安装于车梁10上后，能够将锁止单元40和电连接器同时整体安装于车梁10上，避免各个部件单独安装而反复调试对准，也能够提升安装效率；另一方面能够加强两个纵向支架51之间的连接强度，使得支架50整体的结构强度得到提升。在具体实施时，可以在纵向支架51的两端均设置横向支架52，在其中一个横向支架52上设置第二电连接器53，由此形成了矩形的框架结构，进一步提升支架50整体的结构强度；也可以如图4所示，在纵向支架51的一端设置横向支架52，形成U形的框架结构，从而纵向支架51的延伸端部可以根据车梁10的结构形状更好地贴合于车梁10的侧壁上。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图1和图3所示，横向支架52位于车梁10下方，纵向支架51连接于车梁10的侧壁。从而，能够避让车梁10，避免干涉；纵向支架51连接车梁10的侧壁，能够增大连接面积，利用车梁10的刚度，提升连接的稳定性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图3和图4所示，横向支架52至少覆盖电池单元20端部的部分区域。从而能够在对接时，为电连接器之间的连接提供支撑。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图1、图7和图9所示，电池单元20包括侧部电池包211，电池包21设于车梁10的外侧。从而，能够避免与车梁10内部的结构产生干涉。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，如图1、图7和图9所示，电池单元20还包括中部电池包212，中部电池包212设于两个侧部电池包211之间，且位于车梁10下方。
在具体实施时，设置中部电池包212能够提升供电能力，或者在提供相同的供电能力的情形下，通过设置中部电池包212能够减小电池单元20的厚度。另外，中部电池包212设置于车梁10下方，能够避免与两个车梁10之间的部件干涉。
作为一种较佳地实施方式，中电池包212内设有避让口，用于避让电动车辆1的传动轴。
本发明实施例还提供了一种快换组件，快换组件应用于如上述的电动车辆1中；
快换组件包括锁止单元40和电池单元20，锁止单元40用于与车梁10连接，电池单元20包括多个电池包21，与车梁10对应的相邻两个电池包21之间设有连接单元30，连接单元30与锁止单元40相配合。
可以理解的是，快换组件中的锁止单元40可以采用以上任一实施方式中的锁止单元40，电池单元20也可以采用以上任一实施方式中的电池单元20。通过该快换组件，能够改装已有的电动车辆1， 使得原本固定式的直充电池变为可拆卸的电池单元20，从而能够快速更换电动车辆1上的亏电电池单元20，也能快速将满电电池单元20安装至电动车辆1上。
采用上述实施例中技术方案，充分利用车梁下方的高度空间，在换电设备2对电池单元进行拆卸时，空载的换电设备2可以直接进入电池单元的下方空间，且不与电动车辆的底部产生干涉；在换电设备2对电池单元进行安装时，承载有电池单元的换电设备2也可以直接进入车梁的下方进行换电，且不与电动车辆的底部产生干涉。整个过程中，既不需要举升车身，也不需要设置下沉式空间或挖坑用于供换电设备2进出，降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。上述实施例中的技术方案尤其适用于重卡、轻卡等商用车。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电动车辆包括车梁和电池单元，所述电池单元包括沿着所述车梁的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包；
    相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元，所述连接单元位于所述电池包的上表面上方，且位于所述车梁的一侧，所述连接单元用于将所述电池单元与所述车梁可拆卸连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电动车辆还包括设于所述车梁上的锁止单元，所述锁止单元具有锁止容纳腔，所述锁止容纳腔位于所述车梁的侧壁的一侧，所述锁止容纳腔用于将所述连接单元锁止于车梁上。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁止单元包括锁基座，所述锁基座内设有所述锁止容纳腔，所述锁基座连接于所述车梁的侧壁上。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁基座通过支架安装于所述车梁上，所述支架与所述车梁的侧壁连接，所述锁基座设于所述支架与所述车梁相背离的一侧；
    优选地，所述支架连接于所述车梁间相背离的侧壁上，且所述支架的顶部不超出所述车梁的顶部。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述连接单元包括锁轴和轴支架，所述锁轴自所述轴支架的侧壁向朝向所述锁止容纳腔的方向延伸。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述轴支架朝向所述锁基座的侧壁上设有导向部，所述导向部的表面与支架的表面或所述车梁的表面贴合；
    和/或，所述连接单元还包括立柱，所述立柱自所述电池单元的底部向上延伸，所述轴支架安装于所述立柱上。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁基座包括锁止槽，所述锁止容纳腔位于所述锁止槽内，所述锁止槽用于挂接所述锁轴。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁基座还包括开口槽，所述开口槽与所述锁止槽相连通，所述开口槽用于供所述锁轴进入所述锁止槽并锁止于所述锁止容纳腔内。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，用于将锁基座安装于所述车梁上的支架的上方具有上弯折部，当所述锁轴位于锁止槽内时，所述锁轴的中心与所述上弯折部之间的距离大于所述锁轴的中心与所述轴支架上表面之间的距离；和/或，
    所述支架的下方还具有下弯折部，所述下弯折部与所述车梁的底面连接，当锁轴位于锁止槽内时，所述锁轴的中心与所述下弯折部之间的距离小于所述锁轴的中心与所述电池包的上表面之间的距离，或，所述锁轴的中心与所述车梁底面之间的距离小于所述锁轴的中心与所述电池包的上表面之间的距离。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁止单元还包括锁舌，所述锁舌与所述锁基座可转动连接，以打开或关闭所述开口槽。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁止单元至少包括两个锁基座，每个所述锁基座均转动连接有锁舌，所述锁止单元还包括锁连杆，所述锁连杆与所述多个锁舌可转动连接；
    和/或，所述锁舌具有延伸至锁基座外侧的解锁部。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池单元还包括解锁杆，所述解锁杆与所述解锁部或所述锁连杆相对设置，并用于推动所述解锁部或所述锁连杆转动，以使所述锁舌打开或者闭合所述开口。
  13. 如权利要求5-12任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，多个所述锁轴和多个所述锁基座均沿着所述车梁的长度方向布置。
  14. 如权利要求1-13任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述连接单元包括螺纹连接件、T型挂接件中的至少一个，所述螺纹连接件用于将电池单元螺纹连接于车梁上，所述T型挂接件用于将电池单元旋转卡合于车梁上。
  15. 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池单元包括第一电连接器，所述第一电连接器位于所述电池单元的外侧壁。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池单元包括用于容纳电池包的电池腔，所述连接单元设置于相邻两个所述电池腔之间，相邻两个所述电池腔之间还设有通孔，所述通孔用于供连接所述电池包的导线穿过；所述第一电连接器设置于任一所述电池腔的外侧壁；
    优选地，所述电池单元还包括壳体和盖板，所述壳体内间隔设有多个隔板，所述隔板之间形成所述电池腔；每个所述电池腔的腔口处均设有所述盖板。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电动车辆还包括第二电连接器，所述第二电连接器布置于所述车梁的宽度方向上，所述第二电连接器用于与所述第一电连接器连接，以使所述电池单元对所述电动车辆供电。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，设有锁基座的支架包括纵向支架和横向支架，所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁上，所述横向支架连接于所述纵向支架之间，所述横向支架上设置有所述第二电连接器；
    优选地，所述横向支架位于所述车梁下方，所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁，和/或，所述横向支架至少覆盖所述电池单元端部的部分区域。
  19. 如权利要求1-18任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池单元包括侧部电池包，所述电池包设于所述车梁的外侧；
    优选地，所述电池单元还包括中部电池包，所述中部电池包设于两个所述侧部电池包之间，且位 于所述车梁下方，优选地，所述中部电池包内设有避让口，用于避让所述电动车辆的传动轴。
  20. 一种快换组件，其特征在于，所述快换组件应用于如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的电动车辆中；
    所述快换组件包括锁止单元和电池单元，所述锁止单元用于与所述车梁连接，所述电池单元包括多个电池包，与所述车梁对应的相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元，所述连接单元与所述锁止单元相配合。
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