WO2023098714A1 - 顶部挂接式电池包及电动汽车 - Google Patents

顶部挂接式电池包及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098714A1
WO2023098714A1 PCT/CN2022/135364 CN2022135364W WO2023098714A1 WO 2023098714 A1 WO2023098714 A1 WO 2023098714A1 CN 2022135364 W CN2022135364 W CN 2022135364W WO 2023098714 A1 WO2023098714 A1 WO 2023098714A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
groove
lock
longitudinal beam
locking mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/135364
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
于新瑞
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023098714A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098714A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery replacement, in particular to a top-mounted battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • the battery packs on electric trucks are installed above the longitudinal beams, and the weight of the battery packs can reach about 3 tons. Due to their heavy weight, the center of gravity of the electric trucks with the battery packs installed is relatively high, thus It affects the stability of electric trucks, and occupies a large space behind the driver, which makes the driver's driving experience poor.
  • the technical problem to be solved in this application is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the center of gravity is high due to the installation of the battery pack, which affects the driving stability of the electric truck, the battery pack occupies a large space behind the driver, and the driving experience for the driver is poor. , providing a top-mounted battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • a top-mounted battery pack is detachably connected to the locking mechanism of the longitudinal beam of an electric vehicle, and the top-mounted battery pack includes a battery pack box body and a lock connection structure;
  • the lock connection structure includes a mounting bracket and several hooks arranged horizontally, at least one end of several of the hooks is connected to the mounting bracket;
  • the groove facing the interior of the battery pack case, the mounting bracket is set in the groove, and the battery pack case is detachably connected to the locking mechanism through several hooks. the stringer.
  • a battery pack installed on the longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle is designed.
  • the center of gravity of the battery pack is low and is located under the longitudinal beam, thereby Lower the center of gravity of the entire electric vehicle and improve the driving stability of the electric truck.
  • the battery pack will not occupy the space behind the driver, which can improve the driving experience or free up more space for electric vehicles to carry more goods.
  • the battery pack can realize chassis swapping. Compared with setting a spreader in the swapping station for top swapping, the chassis-based swapping station occupies a smaller area and lowers the cost of building the station.
  • the mounting bracket is arranged at the bottom of the groove.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, so that the force borne by the mounting bracket is in the same direction as the extending direction of the mounting bracket itself, so that the mounting bracket is not easily deformed due to force, and thus has a longer service life.
  • a pair of side walls of the groove constitutes the mounting bracket, and two ends of the hook are respectively connected to the pair of side walls of the groove.
  • the top-mounted battery pack includes at least two mounting brackets, and the positions of the mounting brackets provided in the groove correspond to the positions of the locking mechanism of the longitudinal beam one by one.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the installation bracket and the locking mechanism are set in one-to-one correspondence, so that there are more connection points between the top-mounted battery pack and the longitudinal beam, so that the top-mounted battery pack and the longitudinal beam The connection stability of the beam is better. Moreover, when the top-mounted battery pack is installed on the longitudinal beam, multiple mounting brackets bear the force between the hitch and the locking mechanism, so that the force received by the top-mounted battery pack is more uniform.
  • the installation bracket includes a pair of upright plates erected in the groove, and the two ends of the hook are respectively connected to the upright plates.
  • the tops of at least one pair of the opposite end surfaces of the vertical plates are inclined to have a first inclined guide surface, and along the direction that the vertical plates are away from the groove bottom of the groove, the first inclined guide surfaces of the vertical plates are The inclined guide surfaces gradually move away from each other.
  • the above-mentioned structure is adopted.
  • the longitudinal beam gradually enters the groove, and the locking mechanism on the longitudinal beam gradually enters between the two vertical plates.
  • the first inclined guide surface on the vertical plate can position and guide the position of the battery pack box in the horizontal direction, so that the locking mechanism on the longitudinal beam can smoothly extend between the two vertical plates and realize locking with the hook. locked.
  • the installation bracket further includes a reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate is respectively connected with the two vertical plates.
  • the end of the vertical plate away from the groove bottom of the groove is provided with a first slot
  • the reinforcement plate is provided with a second slot engaged with the first slot
  • the reinforcement plate The first card slot and the second card slot are locked on a pair of the vertical plates.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to firmly connect the reinforcing plate to the vertical plate, and it is easy to disassemble and assemble, and at the same time, it can effectively avoid the situation that the reinforcing plate rolls over.
  • the reinforcing plate and the hanging piece are arranged on the vertical plate at intervals.
  • the reinforcing plate will not affect the locking function between the hook and the locking mechanism, but it can strengthen the overall structure of the mounting bracket, so that the top-mounted battery pack and the The connection of the stringers is also smoother.
  • the installation bracket further includes a connecting plate, and the vertical plate is arranged on the groove bottom of the groove through the connecting plate.
  • the position of the connecting plate corresponding to the vertical plate is provided with an insertion hole, and the position of the vertical plate corresponding to the insertion hole is provided with an insertion block matching the shape of the insertion hole,
  • the vertical plate is arranged on the connecting plate through the insertion hole and the insertion block.
  • a first position adjustment hole is opened on the connecting plate, and a second position adjustment hole is provided at a position corresponding to the first position adjustment hole on the battery pack box, and the first position adjustment hole is connected to the first position adjustment hole.
  • the second position adjustment holes are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the first position adjustment holes and/or the second position adjustment holes are waist holes, and the length direction of the waist holes is the width direction of the battery pack box , the first position adjustment hole is detachably connected to the second position adjustment hole through a connection assembly.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to avoid that the top-mounted battery pack cannot be locked with the locking mechanism on the longitudinal beam when it is mounted on the longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle due to processing errors.
  • a reinforcement beam is provided at a position corresponding to the installation bracket in the battery pack case, and the installation bracket is connected to the reinforcement beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and a reinforcing beam is added in the battery pack box to connect the installation bracket, so as to improve the overall strength of the top-mounted battery pack, and avoid excessive force on the installation bracket and damage from the battery pack box. Detach from the top to increase the service life of the mountable battery pack.
  • the above structure is adopted to effectively prevent water from flowing into the battery pack box, improve the sealing performance of the battery pack box, and further reduce the possibility of battery cell damage in the battery pack box.
  • the reinforcing beams divide the interior of the battery pack box into at least three cell accommodating cavities for placing cells.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to separate some batteries from some batteries, so as to improve the safety and stability of the top-mounted battery pack, and it is also easier to install batteries.
  • the reinforcing beam is provided with a wire groove for cable routing, and the cell accommodating cavities on both sides of the reinforcing beam are communicated through the wire groove.
  • cell accommodating cavities are sequentially arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to increase the space provided by the battery cell accommodation cavity, further increase the capacity of the battery cell, realize a longer travel distance of the electric vehicle, reduce the number of replacements of the electric vehicle, and have a higher space utilization rate.
  • the plurality of cell containing cavities include a plurality of side cell containing cavities, and the plurality of side cell containing cavities are distributed on both sides of the groove.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to make full use of the space on both sides of the longitudinal beam, the space utilization rate is higher, and the battery cell capacity in the battery pack box is increased.
  • the plurality of cell accommodating cavities further include a central cell accommodating cavity, the central cell accommodating cavity is arranged in the middle area of the battery pack box, and a plurality of the side cell accommodating cavities are distributed The grooves are formed between the central cell accommodating cavity and the side cell accommodating cavities on both sides of the central cell accommodating cavity.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to further make full use of the space of the longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle, and the battery cells can be installed on both sides and the middle of the longitudinal beam respectively, so that the space utilization rate is higher and the battery capacity is increased.
  • the battery capacity in the box is located between the middle cell accommodating cavity and the side cell accommodating cavity, which facilitates the setting of the groove.
  • the height of the central cell accommodating cavity is smaller than the height of the side cell accommodating cavity.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to further fully utilize the space in the height direction of the electric vehicle, achieve higher space utilization, and increase the capacity of the battery cells in the battery pack box.
  • the battery pack box includes a box body and a box cover, the groove is arranged on the top of the box body, and the top of the box body is also provided with several openings, and the box cover The opening of the box body is covered, and the box body, the box cover and the reinforcing beam together constitute the cell accommodating cavity.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to make it more convenient to take the battery cells in the battery cell accommodation cavity, and the battery cells in the box body are covered by the box cover to prevent the battery cells from being exposed to the air and improve the top connection. safety of battery packs.
  • the groove is located between two adjacent openings.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the structural space between the openings is reused, so that the top-mounted battery pack has a compact structure and a high space utilization rate.
  • the bottom of the battery pack box is provided with an unlocking guide hole for the unlocking mechanism of the power exchange equipment to pass through, and the length direction of the unlocking guide hole is parallel to the width direction of the battery pack box.
  • the unlocking guide hole is arranged at a position corresponding to the locking rod of the locking mechanism.
  • the unlocking lever on the power exchange device will pass through the unlocking guide hole and act on the lock connection structure or locking mechanism to realize unlocking, so that unlocking is very convenient.
  • the bottom of the battery pack case is further provided with a positioning guide groove for the positioning structure of the power exchange equipment to pass through, and the length direction of the positioning guide groove is parallel to the width direction of the battery pack case.
  • the lower side wall of the positioning guide groove is provided with a second inclined guide surface which is inclined, and along the direction from bottom to top, the second inclined guide surface gradually approaches.
  • the above structure is adopted.
  • the battery replacement device When the battery replacement device passes through the positioning guide groove, the battery replacement device will move along with the trend of the second inclined guide surface of the positioning guide groove, so as to realize the alignment of the guiding unlocking mechanism with the unlocking guide hole.
  • An electric vehicle which includes a longitudinal beam and a top-mounted battery pack as described in any one of the above, the locking mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal beam, and the top-mounted battery pack is connected by the lock
  • the structure is detachably connected with the locking mechanism.
  • a battery pack installed on the longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle is designed by adopting the above structure.
  • the center of gravity of the battery pack is low and in the The lower part of the beam can lower the center of gravity of the entire electric vehicle and improve the driving stability of the electric truck.
  • the battery pack will not occupy the space behind the driver, which can improve the driving experience or free up more space for the electric vehicle to carry more Multiple goods.
  • the locking mechanism is provided with a through slot for the hook to pass through.
  • the hook can realize the locking of the lock connection structure and the locking mechanism through the through slot of the locking mechanism, and the connection Good stability.
  • the locking mechanism includes a primary lock
  • the primary lock includes at least two primary lock bases, at least two primary lock tongues and a lock link
  • the through groove includes a primary lock groove
  • the first-level lock base is provided with the first-level lock groove that runs through horizontally and is in an inverted L shape
  • the first-level lock base and the first-level lock tongue are arranged in one-to-one correspondence
  • the primary lock base is arranged on the longitudinal beam, the first end of the primary lock tongue is rotatably connected to the primary lock base, and the second end of the primary lock tongue is rotatably connected to the lock link;
  • At least part of the hooks of the top-mounted battery pack pass through the first-level lock slot
  • the lock connecting rod When the lock connecting rod receives the force of the unlocking mechanism of the power exchange equipment, the lock connecting rod drives the first-level lock tongue to rotate to open the opening of the first-level lock slot, and the hook passes through the first The opening of the primary lock slot enters and exits the primary lock slot.
  • the locking mechanism further includes a support base, and the through groove also includes a support slot, and the support base is provided with an inverted L-shaped support slot that runs through horizontally, and the top-mounted battery Part of the hanging piece of the bag is passed through the supporting groove.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to increase the connection points between the top-mounted battery pack and the locking mechanism, so that the top-mounted battery pack can be more stably connected to the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a fixed bracket, the fixed bracket is a plate-like structure, the fixed bracket is arranged on the side wall of the longitudinal beam or the bottom of the longitudinal beam, and the locking mechanism passes through the
  • the fixing bracket is connected to the longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to increase the connection area between the locking mechanism and the longitudinal beam, so that the force on the locking mechanism is more evenly transmitted to the longitudinal beam.
  • the fixing bracket includes a first plate body and a second plate body connected in sequence, the first plate body and the second plate body are perpendicular to each other, the first plate body and the side wall of the longitudinal beam
  • the locking mechanism is arranged on the second board and extends downward, and the connection point between the locking mechanism and the lock connection structure is located above the lower end of the longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and in the case of ensuring the connection area between the locking mechanism and the longitudinal beam, when the top-mounted battery pack is installed on the electric vehicle, due to the connection point between the locking mechanism and the lock connection structure
  • the height is raised above the lower surface of the vehicle body longitudinal beam, which can increase the height of the top-mounted battery pack as a whole, and further provide space in the height direction for the battery replacement equipment to perform battery replacement.
  • the positive progress effect of this application lies in: by setting a groove penetrating along the width direction of the battery pack on the top of the top-mounted battery pack, the battery pack moves to the battery replacement station under the longitudinal beam, and the battery pack moves upward to realize Embedded in the groove, the battery pack is connected to the locking mechanism on the two longitudinal beams through the lock connection structure in the groove, specifically through the hook of the lock connection structure and the locking mechanism on the two longitudinal beams Connected to each other, so as to realize the installation of the battery pack on the longitudinal beam, and because the groove runs through the front and back, the connection range between the top-mounted battery pack and the longitudinal beam is larger.
  • the top-mounted battery pack and the electric vehicle can exchange power for the chassis, and the center of gravity of the battery pack is below the longitudinal beam, thereby reducing the center of gravity of the electric vehicle and improving the driving stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack does not occupy the The space behind the driver can improve the driving experience, or the electric vehicle can make more space to carry more cargo.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a top-mounted battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the connection structure of the mounting bracket and the lock in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the mounting bracket of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram from another viewing angle of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the longitudinal beam, the fixing bracket and the locking mechanism in Fig. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the fixing bracket and the locking mechanism in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the fixing bracket in FIG. 7 .
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary lock according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic exploded view of FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the primary lock base and the primary lock tongue of FIG. 11 .
  • this embodiment discloses a top-mounted battery pack.
  • the top-mounted battery pack 100 is detachably connected to the locking mechanism 3 of the longitudinal beam 8 of the electric vehicle 200 .
  • the top-mounted battery pack 100 includes a battery pack case 1 and a lock connection structure 2;
  • the lock connection structure 2 includes a mounting bracket 21 and a number of horizontally arranged hanging pieces 22, at least one end of which is connected to the mounting bracket 21
  • the top of the battery pack case 1 corresponding to the position of the longitudinal beam 8 is provided with a groove 11 that is sunken toward the inside of the battery pack case 1, and the mounting bracket 21 is arranged in the groove 11, and the battery pack case 1 is connected by several hooks.
  • the component 22 cooperates with the locking mechanism 3 and is detachably connected to the longitudinal beam 8 .
  • the battery pack 100 moves to the electric replacement station under the stringer 8, and the stringer 8 is embedded in the groove by moving the battery pack 100 upwards.
  • the battery pack 100 is connected to the locking mechanism 3 on the two longitudinal beams 8 through the lock connection structure 2 in the groove 11, specifically through the hook 22 of the lock connection structure 2 and the two longitudinal beams 8
  • the locking mechanism 3 is connected, so that the battery pack 100 can be installed on the two longitudinal beams 8, and because the groove 11 is through, the connection range between the battery pack 100 and the longitudinal beams 8 is larger. Otherwise, the battery pack 100 can be disassembled from the two longitudinal beams 8 .
  • both ends of the hook 22 of the lock connection structure 2 are connected and fixed to the mounting bracket 21 , so that the structural strength of the lock connection structure 2 is stronger.
  • the hook 22 in this embodiment is a lock shaft.
  • the mounting bracket 21 is provided with a through hole for the lock shaft to pass through.
  • One end of the lock shaft is in a boss structure and leans against an outer side wall of the mounting bracket 21. After the other end passes through the other outer wall of the mounting bracket 21 opposite to the aforementioned outer wall, it is fixedly connected by a snap spring or a positioning pin.
  • the positioning pin is used, the other end of the lock shaft is provided with a pin hole, and the other end of the lock shaft is connected to the other outer wall through the positioning pin passing through the pin hole.
  • the hook 22 of the lock connection structure 2 is a cantilever beam structure with a single end connected to the mounting bracket 21 .
  • the mounting bracket 21 is disposed at the bottom of the groove 11 . Since the hook 22 is arranged parallel to the bottom of the groove 11 , the mounting bracket 21 extends upward from the bottom of the groove 11 , which can more conveniently fix the two ends of the hook 22 . Moreover, compared to extending the mounting bracket 21 laterally from the side wall of the groove 11 to fix the two ends of the hook 22, the force borne by the mounting bracket 21 extending upward from the groove bottom of the groove 11 is the same as that of the mounting bracket 21 itself. The extension directions are the same, so that the mounting bracket 21 is not easily deformed due to force, and thus has a longer service life. The installation bracket 21 extending laterally from the side wall of the groove 11 will be deformed due to the downward gravity of the battery pack 100 for a long time.
  • the top-mounted battery pack 100 includes at least two mounting brackets 21 , and the positions of the mounting brackets 21 disposed in the groove 11 correspond to the positions of the locking mechanism 3 of the longitudinal beam 8 one by one.
  • the connection points between the top-mounted battery pack 100 and the longitudinal beam 8 are more, so that the connection between the top-mounted battery pack 100 and the longitudinal beam 8 is stable. Sex is better.
  • a plurality of mounting brackets 21 bear the force between the hitch 22 and the locking mechanism 3, so that the top-mounted battery pack 100 is subjected to an action. The force is more even.
  • the number of mounting brackets 21 and the locking mechanism 3 are both two, the number of grooves 11 is set to two, and the two mounting brackets 21 are respectively arranged in two grooves 11 corresponding to the longitudinal beams 8 Inside.
  • the mounting bracket 21 includes a pair of vertical plates 211 vertically disposed in the groove 11 , and two ends of the hook 22 are respectively connected to the vertical plates 211 .
  • the number of vertical plates 211 is two, and the two vertical plates 211 are arranged at intervals, and the two vertical plates 211 are arranged perpendicular to the groove bottom of the groove 11, and the two vertical plates 211 are respectively fixed to hang
  • the two ends of the connecting piece 22 meet the requirements of fixing the two ends of the hanging piece 22 and ensuring that the mounting bracket 21 is not easily deformed due to force, and at the same time, the structure is simple and compact.
  • a pair of side walls of the groove 11 constitutes a mounting bracket 21 , and two ends of the hook 22 are respectively connected to the pair of side walls of the groove 11 .
  • the two ends of the hook 22 can also be fixed by using a pair of side walls of the groove 11 , and the structure of the fixing method by using the side walls of the groove 11 is simpler.
  • the tops of at least one pair of vertical plates 211 opposite end surfaces are inclined to be provided with a first inclined guide surface 2111, that is, the top of the right end surface of the vertical plate 211 on the left side of FIG.
  • the first inclined guide surfaces 2111 of the vertical plates 211 gradually move away from each other along the direction in which the vertical plates 211 move away from the groove bottom of the groove 11 .
  • the first inclined guide surface 2111 is arc-shaped, and by setting two arc-shaped first inclined guide surfaces 2111 on the tops of the opposite end surfaces of the two vertical plates 211, when the battery pack 100 rises, the longitudinal beam 8 gradually enters In the groove 11, the locking mechanism 3 on the longitudinal beam 8 gradually enters between the two vertical plates 211, and the first inclined guide surface 2111 on the vertical plate 211 can position the battery pack box 1 in the horizontal direction guide, so that the locking mechanism 3 on the longitudinal beam 8 can smoothly extend between the two vertical plates 211 and lock with the hook 22 .
  • the first inclined guiding surface 2111 may also be a plane.
  • the installation bracket 21 further includes a reinforcing plate 212 , and the reinforcing plate 212 is respectively connected with the two vertical plates 211 .
  • the reinforcement board 212 is disposed between the two vertical boards 211 , and both ends of the reinforcement board 212 are respectively connected to the two vertical boards 211 .
  • a plurality of reinforcing plates 212 are provided at intervals along the length direction of the vertical plate 211 , and one is provided along the height direction of the vertical plate 211 and is disposed on the top of the vertical plate 211 .
  • multiple reinforcing plates 212 may also be provided along the height direction of the vertical plate 211 .
  • the clamping connection in this embodiment is that the vertical plate 211 and the reinforcing plate 212 are respectively provided with a first card slot and a second card slot, and the double card slot form is used for clamping, which can effectively avoid the situation that the reinforcing plate 212 rolls over, and at the same time It can also make the connection between the vertical plate 211 and the reinforcing plate 212 more stable.
  • the reinforcing plate 212 is disposed on the vertical plate 211 at intervals from the hanging member 22 . Since the reinforcing plates 212 are arranged at intervals, the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing plates 212 can be made more uniform, so that the overall structural strength of the vertical plate 211 is stronger; at the same time, when the hook 22 and the locking mechanism 3 are locked, the locking mechanism 3 Interference occurs with the reinforcing plate 212 .
  • the reinforcing plate 212 and the hooking member 22 are intersected and arranged on the vertical plate 211 at intervals, so that the structural strength is stronger and the connection is more stable.
  • the installation bracket 21 also includes a plate-shaped connecting plate 213 , and the vertical plate 211 is arranged on the groove bottom of the groove 11 through the connecting plate 213 .
  • the connecting plate 213 is arranged on the groove bottom of the groove 11 and attached to the groove bottom, and the two vertical plates 211 are vertically connected to the connecting plate 213, so that the force received by the hook 22 will pass through the vertical plates 211 in turn. and the connecting plate 213 are transferred to the battery pack case 1 more evenly, so that the structural stability is better.
  • the connecting plate 213 is arranged between the vertical plate 211 and the groove bottom, and the connection area is increased by connecting the connecting plate 213 to the groove bottom, so that the mounting bracket 21 and the battery
  • the connection of the battery pack case 1 is more stable while making the installation more convenient; on the other hand, the vertical plate 211 and the battery pack case 1 are connected through the connecting plate 213, and the connecting plate 213 can disperse part of the force, thereby effectively reducing the concave
  • the bottom of the groove 11 is deformed by the weight of the battery pack 100 .
  • connection plate 213 is provided with an insertion hole 2131 at the position corresponding to the vertical plate 211, and the position of the vertical plate 211 corresponding to the insertion hole 2131 is provided with an insertion block matching the shape of the insertion hole 2131 2112 , the vertical plate 211 is inserted into the socket block 2112 through the socket hole 2131 and then welded, and finally connected to the connection plate 213 .
  • the vertical plate 211 and the connecting plate 213 are connected through the cooperation of the socket hole 2131 and the socket block 2112, so as to realize the stability of the connection between the vertical plate 211 and the connecting plate 213, and also realize a simpler plugging form during installation convenient.
  • the connection manner between the vertical plate 211 and the connecting plate 213 may also be screw connection, clip connection, buckle connection, hook connection, or tenon connection.
  • a first position adjustment hole is provided on the connecting plate 213, and a second position adjustment hole is provided at the position corresponding to the first position adjustment hole of the battery pack box body 1, and the first position adjustment hole and the second position adjustment hole are aligned.
  • the second position adjustment hole is provided at the bottom of the groove 11 of the battery pack case 1, through the first position adjustment hole and the second position adjustment hole to realize the mounting bracket 21 in the groove 11 of the battery pack case 1.
  • connection component used to connect the first position adjustment hole and the second position adjustment hole may be a bolt, a double-ended screw, a latch and the like.
  • a reinforcement beam 14 is provided at a position corresponding to the installation bracket 21 in the battery pack case 1 , and the installation bracket 21 is connected to the reinforcement beam 14 .
  • the reinforcement beam 14 is a block structure.
  • the reinforcing beam 14 plays a role in strengthening the structural strength of the battery pack case 1 in the battery pack case 1.
  • connection to the reinforcement beam 14 improves the overall strength of the top-mounted battery pack 100, To prevent the mounting bracket 21 from being detached from the battery pack case 1 due to excessive force, the service life of the mountable battery pack 100 is increased.
  • the installation bracket 21 and the battery pack box 1 there is a seal between the installation bracket 21 and the battery pack case 1 . Since the electric vehicle 200 is running outside, the battery pack 100 will inevitably come into contact with water. In order to prevent water from entering the battery pack box 1 and damaging the battery cells in the battery pack box 1, the installation bracket 21 and the battery pack box A seal is provided at the connection of the body 1 to enhance the sealing effect, effectively preventing water from flowing into the battery pack case 1 and improving the sealing performance of the battery pack 100 .
  • the sealing member may be a sealing ring, a sealing strip, a sealing gasket, and the like.
  • the reinforcing beams 14 divide the interior of the battery pack box 1 into at least three battery cell accommodating cavities 4 for placing batteries.
  • two reinforcing beams 14 are arranged at equal intervals in the battery pack box 1, and divide the battery pack box 1 into three battery cell accommodation chambers 4, separate some battery cells from some battery cells, and raise the top
  • the safety and stability of the mountable battery pack 100 is also more convenient for installing batteries.
  • the reinforcement beam 14 is provided with a wire groove 15 for routing cables, and the cell receiving cavities 4 on both sides of the reinforcement beam 14 are connected through the wire groove 15 .
  • the cell housing cavity 4 is divided by the structure of the reinforcing beam 14, and the wire groove 15 provided on the reinforcing beam 14 is used for the passage of cables, so that the cells in the adjacent cell housing cavity 4 are electrically connected through cables, and the installation It is very convenient to connect.
  • several cell accommodation cavities 4 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, and several cell accommodation cavities 4 include a plurality of side cell accommodation cavities 41 and the plurality of side cell accommodation cavities 41 are distributed in the recesses. Both sides of the slot 11.
  • the battery cells placed in the multiple side battery cell accommodation chambers 41 will be distributed on both sides of the longitudinal beam 8, making full use of the space on both sides of the longitudinal beam 8, achieving higher space utilization, and increasing the size of the battery pack 100. battery capacity.
  • the several battery cell accommodation chambers 4 also include a middle battery cell accommodation chamber 42, and the middle part
  • the cell housing chamber 42 is located in the middle area of the battery pack box 1, and a plurality of side cell housing chambers 41 are distributed on both sides of the middle cell housing chamber 42, and the middle battery housing chamber 42 and the side battery housing chambers Grooves 11 are formed between the 41 , and the height of the central cell accommodating cavity 42 is smaller than the height of the side cell accommodating cavity 41 .
  • the groove 11 is used to avoid the longitudinal beam 8 .
  • the opening of the groove 11 is aligned with the longitudinal beam 8, and the battery pack 100 will move upwards in the vertical direction, so that the longitudinal beam 8 is embedded in the concave Inside the groove 11, the structure is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and at the same time, the interference phenomenon is effectively avoided, and the stability is higher.
  • the groove 11 runs through the battery pack 100 along the length direction of the electric vehicle 200 .
  • the battery pack case 1 includes a case body 12 and a case cover 13, the groove 11 is arranged on the top of the case body 12, and the top of the case body 12 is also provided with several openings , the box cover 13 covers the opening of the box body 12 , and the box body 12 , the box cover 13 and the reinforcing beam 14 together form the cell accommodating cavity 4 . It is more convenient to take the battery cells in the battery cell accommodation cavity 4, and the battery cells in the box body 12 are covered by the case cover 13, so as to prevent the battery cells from being exposed to the air and improve the safety of the top-mounted battery pack 100 .
  • the number of cell accommodating cavities 4 corresponds to the number of case covers 13 one by one.
  • the groove 11 is located between two adjacent openings.
  • the groove 11 is arranged between the openings of two adjacent cell accommodating chambers 4 , and the structural space between the openings is reused, so that the battery pack 100 has a compact structure and a high space utilization rate.
  • the bottom of the battery pack case 1 is provided with an unlocking guide hole 5 for the unlocking mechanism of the power exchange equipment to pass through, and the length direction of the unlocking guide hole 5 is parallel to the width direction of the battery pack case 1.
  • 5 penetrates from the bottom of the battery pack case 1 to the groove 11 , and the unlocking guide hole 5 is set at a position corresponding to the locking link 323 of the locking mechanism 3 .
  • the unlocking lever on the battery swapping device will pass through the unlocking guide hole 5 and act on the locking mechanism 3 to realize unlocking.
  • the battery swapping device is a battery swapping trolley.
  • the bottom of the battery pack case 1 is also provided with a positioning guide groove 6 for the positioning structure of the power exchange equipment to pass through.
  • the length direction of the positioning guide groove 6 is parallel to the width direction of the battery pack case 1 .
  • the positioning guide groove 6 is used to realize the positioning of the battery pack 100 and the battery exchange equipment, thereby Avoid the situation that the power exchange equipment is not aligned with the unlocking guide hole 5 .
  • the positioning guide groove 6 can be a groove penetrating up and down, and also can be a sinking groove, that is, a groove not penetrating up and down.
  • a second inclined guide surface 61 is provided on the periphery of the lower end sidewall of the positioning guide groove 6 , and along the direction from bottom to top, the second inclined guide surface 61 gradually approaches.
  • the power exchange device passes through the positioning guide groove 6 , the power exchange device will move along with the trend of the second inclined guide surface 61 of the positioning guide groove 6 , so as to realize the alignment of the guiding unlocking mechanism with the unlocking guide hole 5 .
  • the second inclined guiding surface 61 is arc-shaped, and in other specific implementation manners, the second inclined guiding surface 61 may also be a plane.
  • this embodiment also discloses an electric vehicle 200, which includes a longitudinal beam 8 and the top-mounted battery pack 100 shown in Embodiment 1, the locking mechanism 3 is arranged on the longitudinal beam 8, and the top The mountable battery pack 100 is detachably connected to the locking mechanism 3 through the lock connection structure 2 .
  • the electric vehicle 200 is a commercial vehicle such as a heavy-duty truck or a light-duty truck. Of course, it can also be applied to a passenger vehicle such as a car.
  • the electric vehicle 200 has two longitudinal beams 8, and the top-mounted battery pack 100 is locked by the top mounting bracket 21 and the locking mechanism 3 on the longitudinal beams 8, so that the center of gravity of the top-mounted battery pack 100 is located at the longitudinal
  • the lower part of the beam 8 lowers the center of gravity of the electric vehicle 200, making the vehicle run more smoothly.
  • the locking mechanism 3 is provided with a through slot 31 through which the hanging piece 22 passes.
  • the through groove 31 extends along the width direction of the locking mechanism 3, that is, the Y direction in FIG.
  • the locking mechanism 3 extends from both sides of the locking mechanism 3 .
  • the locking mechanism 3 will be specifically introduced below.
  • the locking mechanism 3 includes a primary lock 32, and the primary lock 32 includes three primary lock bases 321, three primary lock tongues 322 and a lock link. 323, the through groove 31 includes a primary lock groove 325, and the primary lock base 321 is provided with a horizontal through and inverted L-shaped primary lock groove 325, the primary lock base 321 corresponds to the primary lock tongue 322 Setting; the primary lock base 321 is arranged on the longitudinal beam 8, the first end of the primary lock tongue 322 is rotatably connected to the primary lock base 321, and the second end of the primary lock tongue 322 is rotatably connected to the lock link 323 Part of the hook 22 of the top-mounted battery pack 100 is installed in the first-level lock groove 325; when the lock link 323 is subjected to the force of the unlocking mechanism of the power exchange equipment, the lock link 323 drives the first-level lock tongue 322 is rotated to open the opening of the first-level lock slot 325 , and the hook 22 enters and exits
  • the first-level lock slot 325 is concave upward from the bottom surface of the first-level lock base 321 and runs through the front and back of the first-level lock base 321 and is used for hanging the battery pack 100 .
  • Connector 22 enters.
  • the primary lock base 321 is provided with a deadbolt groove 324 for installing the primary lock tongue 322, the deadbolt groove 324 is concave downward from the top surface of the primary lock base 321, and the deadbolt groove 324 is connected with the primary lock groove 325
  • One end of the primary lock tongue 322 passes through the lock tongue groove 324 and is connected to the lock link 323.
  • the lock link 323 is located above each primary lock base 321.
  • the primary lock tongue 322 is connected to the primary lock base 321 on the axis connected, so that the lifting of the lock link 323 can drive the first-level lock tongue 322 to rotate with the shaft connection point in the first-level lock base 321, thereby realizing that the first-level lock tongue 322 enters the first-level lock groove 325 or leaves the first-level lock groove 325, so as to realize the transition between the two states of the hook 22 snapping into the first-level lock groove 325 and leaving the first-level lock groove 325.
  • a lock link 323 is used to simultaneously control the primary lock tongues 322 of multiple primary lock bases 321 to realize the synchronous unlocking and locking functions of multiple primary lock bases 321 and improve the unlocking of the battery pack 100. process, and speed up the replacement efficiency of the battery pack 100.
  • the inverted L-shaped primary lock groove 325 includes an opening hole 3251 extending in the vertical direction and a locking hole 3252 extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the top of the opening hole 3251 communicates with the locking hole 3252.
  • the direction is from the bottom of the opening hole 3251 to the handover position between the opening hole 3251 and the locking hole 3252, then enters the locking hole 3252, and then realizes locking the hook 22 in the first-level locking groove 325 through the lifting lock link 323. inside the stop hole 3252.
  • the battery pack 100 enters the longitudinal beam 8 from the bottom of the electric vehicle 200 upwards, and the unlocking mechanism of the power exchange device pushes the lock link 323 to move upwards, driving the primary lock tongue 322 to open the primary lock groove 325, and the battery pack
  • the hook 22 in the groove 11 of 100 is inserted into the first-level lock groove 325 from the bottom surface of the corresponding first-level lock base 321, and then the battery pack 100 is locked to the first-level lock groove 325 under the push of the power exchange equipment.
  • the lock link 323 drives the first-level lock tongue 322 to rotate under the push of the power exchange equipment, so that the opening hole 3251 of the first-level lock groove 325 and the locking hole 3252 communicate with each other.
  • the primary locking tongue 322 will rotate under the action of gravity of the locking link 323 so as to seal the retracting path of the hanging piece 22 .
  • the battery pack 100 is completely locked to the electric vehicle 200 .
  • the battery replacement device pushes the lock link 323 up, so that the first-level lock tongue 322 rotates, and the opening hole 3251 communicates with the locking hole 3252. exit in the level lock slot 325 to complete the unloading process of the battery pack 100.
  • the lock link 323 includes a long rod, which is pivotally connected with the primary lock tongue 322 of the primary lock base 321 .
  • a return spring 326 is also provided between the lock link 323 and at least one first-level lock base 321 to release the power exchange. After the contact between the device and the locking link 323 , the locking link 323 will naturally descend under its own gravity and the tension of the return spring 326 to drive the primary locking tongue 322 to rotate to lock the battery pack 100 .
  • the locking mechanism 3 also includes a support seat 33, and the through groove 31 also includes a support groove 331.
  • the support seat 33 is provided with a horizontally penetrating support groove 331 in an inverted L shape. The remaining other hooks 22 of the battery pack 100 pass through the supporting groove 331 .
  • a support seat 33 with an inverted L-shaped through groove 31 is also provided around the first-level lock 32, and the support groove 331 of the support seat 33 and the hook 22, thereby increasing the connection points between the battery pack 100 and the locking mechanism 3, so that the battery pack 100 is more stably connected to the electric vehicle 200.
  • the electric vehicle 200 also includes a fixed bracket 7, which is a plate-shaped structure, and the fixed bracket 7 is set On the side wall of the longitudinal beam 8 , the locking mechanism 3 is connected to the longitudinal beam 8 through the fixing bracket 7 .
  • the locking mechanism 3 is connected to the longitudinal beam 8 through the fixing bracket 7, which increases the connection area between the locking mechanism 3 and the longitudinal beam 8, making the battery pack 100 more compact. Stably connected to the electric vehicle 200.
  • the fixed bracket 7 includes a first plate body 71 and a second plate body 72 connected in sequence, the first plate body 71 and the second plate body 72 are perpendicular to each other, the first plate body 71 is connected to the side wall of the longitudinal beam 8,
  • the locking mechanism 3 is arranged on the second plate body 72 and extends downward, and the connection point between the locking mechanism 3 and the lock connection structure 2 is located above the lower end of the longitudinal beam 8 .
  • the height of the connection point between the locking mechanism 3 and the lock connection structure 2 is raised above the lower surface of the side member 8 of the vehicle body, the height of the top-mounted battery pack 100 can be raised as a whole, and further space in the height direction can be provided for the battery replacement equipment to perform battery replacement.
  • the first plate body 71 and the second plate body 72 are flat plate structures, the first plate body 71 is attached to the outer wall surface of the longitudinal beam 8, and the second plate body 72 is formed from the first plate body
  • the side wall of 71 extends vertically outwards, and the locking mechanism 3 is screwed on the second plate body 72 through a flange, and the second plate body 72 is provided with a connection corresponding to the bolt groove 324 of the primary lock base 321
  • the slot 721 , the connecting slot 721 communicates with the tongue slot 324 .
  • the fixing bracket 7 may also be arranged at the bottom of the longitudinal beam 8, which will not be repeated here.
  • the electric vehicle 200 further includes a reinforcing member 9 for installing an electrical connector, the reinforcing member 9 is located between the two longitudinal beams 8 , and both ends of the reinforcing member 9 are respectively connected to the two longitudinal beams 8 .
  • the reinforcing member 9 has a reinforcing effect, and the electrical connector is connected to the two longitudinal beams 8 through the reinforcing member 9 , which effectively strengthens the overall structural strength of the electric vehicle 200 and improves the safety and stability of the electric vehicle 200 .
  • Embodiment 3 three case covers 13 are integrally formed as one case cover 13 with two U-shaped grooves 11 , and the plurality of cell accommodating cavities of the case body 12 are closed by using this case cover 13 4 Simultaneously cover up.
  • two mounting brackets 21 are arranged in the U-shaped groove 11 of the case cover 13, and the battery pack case 1 is connected to the longitudinal beam 8 through the mounting brackets 21 and the hooks 22 in the groove 11 of the case cover 13. superior.
  • the locking mechanism 3 and the hook 22 are not limited to this example, and may also be in a T-shaped locking manner or a threaded locking manner. The two methods are briefly introduced below.
  • the first type T-shaped locking method
  • the locking mechanism 3 includes a locking seat, the locking seat has a first opening extending vertically, a first threaded portion is provided in the first opening, the first threaded portion is an internal thread, and the hook 22 includes Mounting seat and unlocking lever, the second opening extending vertically in the mounting seat, the unlocking lever is vertically arranged in the second opening, the unlocking lever can move in the vertical direction relative to the mounting seat and the unlocking lever is A second threaded portion matched with the first threaded portion is provided, and the second threaded portion can be engaged with the first threaded portion, so as to realize locking and unlocking of the locking mechanism 3 and the hook 22 .
  • the second type thread locking method
  • the locking mechanism 3 includes a locking seat, the locking seat has a first opening extending in the vertical direction, and a limiting portion is provided in the first opening, the first opening is a square hole and formed above the first opening.
  • the hook 22 includes an unlocking lever, the upper end of the unlocking lever is provided with a stopper, and the stopper includes a locking lever extending in the horizontal direction, the locking lever is a cylinder and is horizontally arranged on the unlocking lever. At the top of the top, the locking lever and the unlocking lever together form a T-shaped structure.
  • the locking lever When the locking lever is at the first angle, the locking lever can pass through the first opening and enter the limiting portion of the locking seat, and when the locking lever rotates to the second angle, the locking lever can be limited at the limiting position part, so that the locking mechanism 3 and the hook 22 are relatively fixed.
  • the height space below the longitudinal beam 8 is fully utilized.
  • the unloaded power exchange equipment can directly enter the space below the battery pack 100 and does not interfere with the electric vehicle 200. Interference occurs at the bottom; when the battery pack 100 is installed by the battery pack 100 , the battery pack 100 can also directly enter the bottom of the longitudinal beam 8 for battery swap without interfering with the bottom of the electric vehicle 200 .

Abstract

本申请公开了一种顶部挂接式电池包及电动汽车，顶部挂接式电池包与电动汽车的纵梁的锁止机构可拆卸连接，顶部挂接式电池包包括电池包箱体和锁连接结构；锁连接结构包括安装支架和水平设置的若干挂接件，若干挂接件的至少一端与安装支架连接；电池包箱体的顶部对应纵梁的位置处设有朝向电池包箱体的内部凹陷的凹槽，安装支架设置于凹槽内，电池包箱体通过若干挂接件与锁止机构配合可拆卸连接于纵梁。当该顶部挂接式电池包安装在电动汽车上时，电池包的重心较低且处于纵梁的下方，从而降低整辆电动汽车的重心，提高电动卡车行驶的稳定性，同时，该电池包不会占据驾驶员后方的空间，可以提高驾驶体验，或电动汽车腾出更多空间承载更多货物。

Description

顶部挂接式电池包及电动汽车
本申请要求申请日为2021年12月31日的中国专利申请CN2021116673482、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067637、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067815、申请日为2021年11月30日的中国专利申请CN2021114443838的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本申请涉及换电领域，尤其涉及一种顶部挂接式电池包及电动汽车。
背景技术
近几年来，新能源汽车发展迅速，依靠蓄电池作为驱动能源的电动车辆，具有零排放，噪声小的优势，随着电动汽车的市场占有率和使用频率也越来越高，目前电动汽车中的电动商用车，如电动重型卡车、电动轻型卡车也开始逐渐出现在各自的应用场景中，同时也匹配建造了为电动卡车进行电池包更换的换电站。
目前，电动卡车上的电池包都是设置在纵梁的上方，而且电池包的重量可重达3吨左右，由于其重量较重，从而导致安装有电池包的电动卡车的重心较高，从而影响电动卡车行驶的稳定性，并且占据驾驶员后方较大空间，对司机的驾驶体验较差。
发明内容
本申请要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中由于安装电池包导致重心较高，影响电动卡车行驶的稳定性，电池包占据驾驶员后方较大空间，对司机的驾驶体验较差的缺陷，提供一种顶部挂接式电池包及电动汽车。
本申请是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种顶部挂接式电池包，所述顶部挂接式电池包与电动汽车的纵梁的锁止机构可拆卸连接，所述顶部挂接式电池包包括电池包箱体和锁连接结构；所述锁连接结构包括安装支架和水平设置的若干挂接件，若干所述挂接件的至少一端与所述安装支架连接；所述电池包箱体的顶部对应所述纵梁的位置处设有朝向所述电池包箱体的内部凹陷的凹槽，所述安装支架设置于所述凹槽内，所述电池包箱体通过若干所述挂接件与所述锁止机构配合可拆卸连接于所述纵梁。
在本方案中，设计了一种安装在电动汽车的纵梁上的电池包，当该顶部挂接式电池包安装在电动汽车上时，电池包的重心较低且处于纵梁的下方，从而降低整辆电动汽车的重心，提高电动卡车行驶 的稳定性，同时，该电池包不会占据驾驶员后方的空间，可以提高驾驶体验，或电动汽车腾出更多空间承载更多货物。同时该电池包可以实现进行底盘换电，相对于在换电站内设置吊具进行顶部换电，采用底盘换电的换电站占地面积更小、建站成本降低。
较佳地，所述安装支架设置于所述凹槽的槽底。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，使得安装支架所承受的力与安装支架自身的延伸方向相同，从而安装支架不容易因受力而产生变形，进而使用寿命更长。
较佳地，所述凹槽的一对侧壁构成所述安装支架，所述挂接件的两端分别与所述凹槽的一对侧壁连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，凹槽的一对侧壁分别固定住挂接件的两端，从而使得挂接件与纵梁上的锁止机构的连接更加稳定，并且利用凹槽的侧壁的固定方式结构更简单。
较佳地，所述顶部挂接式电池包包括至少两个所述安装支架，所述安装支架设置在所述凹槽内的位置与所述纵梁的锁止机构的位置一一对应。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过将安装支架与锁止机构一一对应设置，使得顶部挂接式电池包与纵梁之间的连接点更多，使得顶部挂接式电池包与纵梁的连接稳定性更好。而且当顶部挂接式电池包安装在纵梁上时，通过多个安装支架承受挂接件与锁止机构之间的作用力，使顶部挂接式电池包受到的作用力更加均匀。
较佳地，所述安装支架包括一对立设于所述凹槽内的立板，所述挂接件的两端分别与所述立板连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，满足了挂接件的两端固定以及安装支架不容易因受力而产生变形的同时，结构也简单紧凑。
较佳地，至少一对所述立板相对端面的顶部倾斜设有第一倾斜导向面，沿着所述立板远离所述凹槽的槽底的方向，所述立板的所述第一倾斜导向面逐渐相互远离。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，当顶部挂接式电池包安装到纵梁上的过程中，纵梁逐渐进入凹槽内，纵梁上的锁止机构逐渐进入两个立板之间，立板上的第一倾斜导向面可以对电池包箱体在水平方向上的位置进行定位导向，从而使得纵梁上的锁止机构能够顺利伸入两个立板之间并与挂接件实现锁止。
较佳地，所述安装支架还包括加强板，所述加强板分别与两个所述立板连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，加强了立板的结构强度，防止立板受力过大而发生外翻。
较佳地，所述立板远离所述凹槽的槽底的一端设有第一卡槽，所述加强板设有与所述第一卡槽卡接的第二卡槽，所述加强板通过所述第一卡槽和所述第二卡槽卡设于一对所述立板上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，将加强板稳固地连接于立板上，并且便于拆装，同时还能够有 效避免加强板侧翻的情况。
较佳地，所述加强板与所述挂接件间隔设置在所述立板上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，加强板不会影响挂接件与锁止机构之间的锁止功能，但可以对安装支架的整体结构起到加强作用，使得顶部挂接式电池包与纵梁的连接也更平稳。
较佳地，所述安装支架还包括连接板，所述立板通过所述连接板设置在所述凹槽的槽底。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，从而挂接件处受到的力会依次通过立板和连接板更加均匀地传递到电池包箱体上，使得结构稳定性更好；同时增大了连接面积，使得安装支架与电池包箱体的连接更稳固的同时也使得安装时更方便。
较佳地，所述连接板对应所述立板的位置处设有插接孔，所述立板对应所述插接孔的位置处设有与所述插接孔形状匹配的插接块，所述立板通过所述插接孔与插接块设置于连接板上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，在保证立板与连接板连接稳定性的前提下，兼顾安装效率，相较于一体成型的工艺，这样的结构无需重新开模，节约成本。
较佳地，所述连接板上开设有第一位置调节孔，所述电池包箱体对应所述第一位置调节孔的位置处设有第二位置调节孔，所述第一位置调节孔与所述第二位置调节孔一一对应设置且所述第一位置调节孔和/或所述第二位置调节孔为腰孔，所述腰孔的长度方向为所述电池包箱体的宽度方向，所述第一位置调节孔与所述第二位置调节孔通过连接组件可拆卸连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，避免由于加工误差而导致顶部挂接式电池包挂接在电动汽车的纵梁上时无法与纵梁上的锁止机构实现锁止。
较佳地，所述电池包箱体内对应所述安装支架的位置处设有加强梁，所述安装支架连接于所述加强梁上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，在电池包箱体内加设加强梁用于连接安装支架，提高顶部挂接式电池包的整体强度，避免安装支架处受力过大而从电池包箱体上脱离，增加挂接式电池包的使用寿命。
较佳地，所述安装支架与所述电池包箱体之间具有密封件。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，有效地避免了水流入至电池包箱体内，提高了电池包箱体的密封性，进而降低了电池包箱体内的电芯损坏的可能性。
较佳地，所述加强梁为两个，所述加强梁将所述电池包箱体的内部分为至少三个用于放置电芯的电芯容纳腔。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，将部分电芯与部分电芯分隔开，提高顶部挂接式电池包的安全稳定性，同时也更便于安装电芯。
较佳地，所述加强梁上开设有用于电缆走线的线槽，所述加强梁两侧的所述电芯容纳腔通过所述 线槽连通。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，使得相邻电芯容纳腔内的电芯通过电缆实现电连接，安装连接非常方便。
较佳地，若干个所述电芯容纳腔沿水平方向依次间隔设置。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，使得电芯容纳腔所设置的空间增大，进一步增加电芯的容量，实现电动汽车行程更远，减少电动汽车的更换次数，且空间利用率更高。
较佳地，若干个所述电芯容纳腔包括多个侧部电芯容纳腔，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于所述凹槽的两侧。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，充分利用了纵梁两侧的空间，空间利用率更高，并增大了电池包箱体内的电芯容量。
较佳地，若干个所述电芯容纳腔还包括中部电芯容纳腔，所述中部电芯容纳腔设于所述电池包箱体的中间区域，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于所述中部电芯容纳腔的两侧，所述中部电芯容纳腔与所述侧部电芯容纳腔之间形成所述凹槽。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，进一步充分利用了电动汽车的纵梁的空间，实现在纵梁的两侧和中间都能够分别安装电芯，实现空间利用率更高，且增大了电池包箱体内的电芯容量。同时，凹槽位于中部电芯容纳腔与侧部电芯容纳腔之间，便于凹槽的设置。
较佳地，所述中部电芯容纳腔的高度小于所述侧部电芯容纳腔的高度。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，进一步充分利用了电动汽车的高度方向空间，实现空间利用率更高，增大了电池包箱体内的电芯容量。
较佳地，所述电池包箱体包括箱体本体与箱盖，所述凹槽设置在所述箱体本体的顶部，且所述箱体本体的顶部还设有若干开口，所述箱盖盖住所述箱体本体的开口，所述箱体本体、箱盖与加强梁共同构成所述电芯容纳腔。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，在电芯容纳腔内拿取电芯时更加方便，通过箱盖对箱体本体内的电芯进行遮盖，避免电芯暴露在空气中，提高顶部挂接式电池包的安全性。
较佳地，所述凹槽位于相邻两个所述开口之间。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，重复利用了开口之间的结构空间，实现顶部挂接式电池包结构紧凑，空间利用率高。
较佳地，所述电池包箱体的底部设置有供换电设备的解锁机构穿过的解锁导向孔，所述解锁导向孔的长度方向平行于电池包箱体的宽度方向所述解锁导向孔自所述电池包箱体的底部贯穿至所述凹槽，所述解锁导向孔设置于对应所述锁止机构的锁连杆的位置处。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，换电设备上的解锁杆将穿过解锁导向孔并作用力在锁连接结构 或者锁止机构上以实现解锁，从而实现解锁非常方便。
较佳地，所述电池包箱体的底部还设有供换电设备的定位结构穿过的定位导向槽，所述定位导向槽的长度方向平行于电池包箱体的宽度方向。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，在换电设备进入解锁导向孔之前，先经过定位导向槽与定位结构进行换电设备与电池包的对准，从而减少换电设备对不准解锁导向孔的情况。
较佳地，所述定位导向槽的下端侧壁周设有倾斜设置的第二倾斜导向面，且沿着自下而上的方向，所述第二倾斜导向面逐渐靠拢。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，当换电设备经过定位导向槽，换电设备会随着定位导向槽的第二倾斜导向面的趋势移动，从而实现引导解锁机构与解锁导向孔对准。
一种电动汽车，其包括纵梁和如上述中任意一项所述的顶部挂接式电池包，所述锁止机构设置于所述纵梁上，所述顶部挂接式电池包通过所述锁连接结构与所述锁止机构可拆卸连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，设计了一种安装在电动汽车的纵梁上的电池包，当该顶部挂接式电池包安装在电动汽车上时，电池包的重心较低且处于纵梁的下方，从而降低整辆电动汽车的重心，提高电动卡车行驶的稳定性，同时，该电池包不会占据驾驶员后方的空间，可以提高驾驶体验，或电动汽车腾出更多空间承载更多货物。
较佳地，所述锁止机构设有供所述挂接件穿过的通槽。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，当顶部挂接式电池包安装在纵梁上时，挂接件通过穿设在锁止机构的通槽实现锁连接结构与锁止机构的锁止，连接稳定性好。
较佳地，所述锁止机构包括一级锁，所述一级锁包括至少两个一级锁基座、至少两个一级锁舌和锁连杆，所述通槽包括一级锁槽，所述一级锁基座上开设有水平贯通且呈倒L型的所述一级锁槽，所述一级锁基座与一级锁舌一一对应设置；
所述一级锁基座设置于所述纵梁上，所述一级锁舌的第一端转动连接于所述一级锁基座，所述一级锁舌的第二端转动连接于所述锁连杆；
所述顶部挂接式电池包的至少部分所述挂接件穿设在所述一级锁槽内；
当所述锁连杆受到换电设备的解锁机构的作用力时，所述锁连杆带动所述一级锁舌转动打开所述一级锁槽的开口，所述挂接件通过所述一级锁槽的开口进出所述一级锁槽。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，利用一级锁连接纵梁和顶部挂接式电池包，纵梁和顶部挂接式电池包之间的连接稳定性高且稳固。
较佳地，所述锁止机构还包括支撑座，所述通槽还包括支撑槽，所述支撑座上开设有水平贯通的呈倒L型的所述支撑槽，所述顶部挂接式电池包的部分所述挂接件穿设在所述支撑槽内。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，增加顶部挂接式电池包与锁止机构的连接点，使得顶部挂接式 电池包更加稳定地连接在电动汽车上。
较佳地，所述电动汽车还包括固定支架，所述固定支架为板状结构，所述固定支架设置于所述纵梁的侧壁或所述纵梁的底部，所述锁止机构通过所述固定支架连接在所述纵梁上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，增加锁止机构与纵梁的连接面积，使得锁止机构所受的作用力更加均匀地传递到纵梁上。
较佳地，所述固定支架包括依次连接的第一板体与第二板体，所述第一板体与第二板体相互垂直，所述第一板体与所述纵梁的侧壁连接，所述锁止机构设置在所述第二板体上并向下延伸，所述锁止机构与锁连接结构的连接点位于所述纵梁的下端的上方。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，在保证锁止机构与纵梁的连接面积的情况下，当顶部挂接式电池包安装在电动汽车上时，由于锁止机构与锁连接结构的连接点高度被提升至车身纵梁的下表面之上，能够整体提高顶部挂接式电池包的高度，进一步为换电设备进行换电提供高度方向上的空间。
本申请的积极进步效果在于：通过在顶部挂接式电池包的顶部设置沿电池包宽度方向贯通的凹槽，电池包移动至纵梁下方的换电工位，通过电池包向上移动，实现纵梁嵌设在凹槽内，电池包通过凹槽内的锁连接结构与两个纵梁上的锁止机构相连接，具体是通过锁连接结构的挂接件与两个纵梁上的锁止机构相连接，从而实现将电池包安装在纵梁上，并且由于凹槽是前后贯通的，使得顶部挂接式电池包与纵梁的连接范围更大。该顶部挂接式电池包与电动汽车可以进行底盘换电且电池包的重心处于纵梁的下方，从而降低电动汽车的重心，提高电动汽车行驶的稳定性，同时，该电池包不会占据驾驶员后方的空间，可以提高驾驶体验，或电动汽车腾出更多空间承载更多货物。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例1的顶部挂接式电池包的结构示意图。
图2为图1的安装支架及锁连接结构处的结构示意图。
图3为图2的安装支架的爆炸示意图。
图4为图1的另一视角的结构示意图。
图5为图1的内部结构示意图。
图6为本申请实施例2的电动汽车的结构示意图。
图7为图6中纵梁、固定支架及锁止机构处的结构示意图。
图8为图7的另一视角的结构示意图。
图9为图7的固定支架及锁止机构处的结构示意图。
图10为图7的固定支架的结构示意图。
图11为本申请实施例2的一级锁的结构示意图。
图12为图11的爆炸示意图。
图13为图11的一级锁基座及一级锁舌的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本申请，但并不因此将本申请限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
如图1、图2、图6所示，本实施例公开了一种顶部挂接式电池包，顶部挂接式电池包100与电动汽车200的纵梁8的锁止机构3可拆卸连接，顶部挂接式电池包100包括电池包箱体1和锁连接结构2；锁连接结构2包括安装支架21和水平设置的若干挂接件22，若干挂接件22的至少一端与安装支架21连接；电池包箱体1的顶部对应纵梁8的位置处设有朝向电池包箱体1的内部凹陷的凹槽11，安装支架21设置于凹槽11内，电池包箱体1通过若干挂接件22与锁止机构3配合可拆卸连接于纵梁8。
通过在电池包100的顶部设置沿电池包100宽度方向贯通的凹槽11，电池包100移动至纵梁8下方的换电工位，通过电池包100向上移动，实现纵梁8嵌设在凹槽11内，电池包100通过凹槽11内的锁连接结构2与两个纵梁8上的锁止机构3相连接，具体是通过锁连接结构2的挂接件22与两个纵梁8上的锁止机构3相连接，从而实现将电池包100安装在两个纵梁8上，并且由于凹槽11是贯通的，使得电池包100与纵梁8的连接范围更大。反之则实现将电池包100从两个纵梁8上拆卸下来。实现利用电动汽车200两个纵梁8的底盘换电，且实现电池包100的重心处于纵梁8的下方，对车辆平稳性、安全性提升一个较大空间；同时，结构紧凑，空间利用率高。
在本实施例中，锁连接结构2的挂接件22的两端均与安装支架21连接固定，从而锁连接结构2的结构强度更大，本实施例中的挂接件22为锁轴。
具体的，如图2与图3所示，安装支架21上开设有供锁轴穿过的通孔，锁轴的一端呈凸台结构并抵靠于安装支架21的一外侧壁，锁轴的另一端穿过安装支架21与前述外侧壁相背的另一外侧壁后，通过卡簧或者定位销固定连接。当采用定位销时，锁轴的另一端设有销孔，通过定位销穿过销孔以将锁轴的另一端连接于另一外侧壁。
在其他具体实施方式中，锁连接结构2的挂接件22为单一端连接于安装支架21的悬臂梁结构。
如图1所示，安装支架21设置于凹槽11的槽底。由于挂接件22平行于凹槽11的底部设置，因此安装支架21自凹槽11的槽底向上延伸，能够更方便地将挂接件22的两端固定起来。并且，相比自凹槽11侧壁向侧向延伸出安装支架21来固定挂接件22的两端，自凹槽11槽底向上延伸的安装支架21所承受的力与安装支架21自身的延伸方向相同，从而安装支架21不容易因受力而产生变形，进而使用寿命更长。而自凹槽11侧壁向侧向延伸的安装支架21则会因长时间受到电池包100向下的 重力而变形。
顶部挂接式电池包100包括至少两个安装支架21，安装支架21设置在凹槽11内的位置与纵梁8的锁止机构3的位置一一对应。通过将安装支架21与锁止机构3一一对应设置，使得顶部挂接式电池包100与纵梁8之间的连接点更多，使得顶部挂接式电池包100与纵梁8的连接稳定性更好。而且当顶部挂接式电池包100安装在纵梁8上时，通过多个安装支架21承受挂接件22与锁止机构3之间的作用力，使顶部挂接式电池包100受到的作用力更加均匀。在本实施例中，安装支架21和锁止机构3的数量均为两个，凹槽11的数量设置为两个，两个安装支架21分别设置于两个对应纵梁8设置的凹槽11内。
具体地，在安装时，先将若干个挂接件22均设置于安装支架21上并形成一个整体，之后再将整体的安装支架21安装设置在电池包箱体1上，便于安装，且安装精度高。
如图2所示，安装支架21包括一对立设于凹槽11内的立板211，挂接件22的两端分别与立板211连接。具体地，立板211的数量为两个，两个立板211之间间隔设置，且两个立板211垂直于凹槽11的槽底设置，通过两个间隔设置的立板211分别固定挂接件22的两端，满足了挂接件22的两端固定以及安装支架21不容易因受力而产生变形的同时，结构也简单紧凑。
在其他的一些实施方式中，凹槽11的一对侧壁构成安装支架21，挂接件22的两端分别与凹槽11的一对侧壁连接。利用凹槽11的一对侧壁同样也可以实现固定住挂接件22的两端，并且利用凹槽11的侧壁的固定方式结构更简单。
至少一对立板211相对端面的顶部倾斜设有第一倾斜导向面2111，即图2的左侧的立板211的右端面与右侧的立板211的左端面的顶部设有该第一倾斜导向面2111，沿着立板211远离凹槽11的槽底的方向，立板211的第一倾斜导向面2111逐渐相互远离。具体地，第一倾斜导向面2111呈弧形，通过在两个立板211的相对端面的顶部分别设置两个弧形的第一倾斜导向面2111，当电池包100上升，纵梁8逐渐进入凹槽11内，纵梁8上的锁止机构3逐渐进入两个立板211之间，立板211上的第一倾斜导向面2111可以对电池包箱体1在水平方向上的位置进行定位导向，从而使得纵梁8上的锁止机构3能够顺利伸入两个立板211之间并与挂接件22实现锁止。在其他具体实施方式中，第一倾斜导向面2111也可以是平面。
为了提高安装支架21处的结构强度，安装支架21还包括加强板212，加强板212分别与两个立板211连接。具体地，加强板212设于两个立板211之间，且加强板212的两端分别与两个立板211连接。在本实施例中，加强板212沿立板211的长度方向间隔设置有多个，沿立板211的高度方向设有一个且设置于立板211的顶部。在其他的实施例中，加强板212沿立板211的高度方向也可以设置多个。
立板211远离凹槽11的槽底的一端设有第一卡槽，加强板212设有与第一卡槽卡接的第二卡槽， 加强板212通过第一卡槽和第二卡槽卡设于一对立板211上。本实施例中的卡接为立板211与加强板212上分别设有第一卡槽和第二卡槽，利用双卡槽形式进行卡接，能够有效避免加强板212侧翻的情况，同时也能使得立板211与加强板212的连接更稳固。
加强板212与挂接件22间隔设置在立板211上。由于加强板212间隔设置能够使得加强板212的加强效果更均匀，从而使得立板211在整体上结构强度更强；同时可以避免挂接件22与锁止机构3锁止时，锁止机构3与加强板212发生干涉。本实施例将加强板212与挂接件22交叉间隔设置于立板211，使得结构强度更强的同时连接也更平稳。
安装支架21还包括呈板状的连接板213，立板211通过连接板213设置在凹槽11的槽底。具体地，连接板213设置于凹槽11的槽底并贴合于槽底，两个立板211均垂直地连接于连接板213，从而挂接件22处受到的力会依次通过立板211和连接板213更加均匀地传递到电池包箱体1上，使得结构稳定性更好。并且相比立板211直接连接在凹槽11的槽底，在立板211与槽底之间设置连接板213，通过连接板213连接至槽底增大了连接面积，使得安装支架21与电池包箱体1的连接更稳固的同时也使得安装时更方便；另一方面，通过连接板213连接立板211与电池包箱体1，连接板213能够分散一部分受力，从而能够有效减少凹槽11的槽底因电池包100的重量而产生形变。
如图3所示，具体的，连接板213对应立板211的位置处设有插接孔2131，立板211对应插接孔2131的位置处设有与插接孔2131形状匹配的插接块2112，立板211通过插接孔2131与插接块2112插接后焊接，最终实现连接于连接板213上。立板211与连接板213之间通过插接孔2131与插接块2112的配合来连接，从而实现立板211与连接板213连接稳定性的同时，还实现了安装时插接的形式更简单方便。在其他的实施例中，立板211与连接板213的连接方式还可以是螺接、卡接、扣接、勾接、榫接。
更优的，连接板213上开设有第一位置调节孔，电池包箱体1对应第一位置调节孔的位置处设有第二位置调节孔，第一位置调节孔与第二位置调节孔一一对应设置且第一位置调节孔和/或第二位置调节孔为腰孔，腰孔的长度方向为电池包箱体1的宽度方向，第一位置调节孔与第二位置调节孔通过连接组件可拆卸连接。具体地，第二位置调节孔设置于电池包箱体1的凹槽11槽底，通过第一位置调节孔与第二位置调节孔实现对安装支架21在电池包箱体1的凹槽11的槽底的宽度方向上进行位置调整，从而避免了由于加工误差而导致电池包100挂接在电动汽车200的纵梁8上时无法与纵梁8上的锁止机构3实现锁止。其中，用于连接第一位置调节孔和第二位置调节孔的连接组件可以是螺栓、双头螺杆、插销等。
如图5所示，电池包箱体1内对应安装支架21的位置处设有加强梁14，安装支架21连接于加强梁14上，本实施例中，加强梁14为块状结构。加强梁14在电池包箱体1内起着加强电池包箱体1结构强度的作用，安装支架21的连接板213通过连接组件与电池包箱体1连接后，最终连接于电 池包箱体1内的加强梁14上，由于加强梁14处可承受的力比较大，相比连接在电池包箱体1的其他地方，连接在加强梁14处提高顶部挂接式电池包100的整体强度，避免安装支架21处受力过大而从电池包箱体1上脱离，增加挂接式电池包100的使用寿命。
进一步的，安装支架21与电池包箱体1之间具有密封件。由于电动汽车200在外行驶过程中，电池包100不可避免地会触碰到水，为了避免水进入电池包箱体1内损坏电池包箱体1内的电芯，在安装支架21与电池包箱体1的连接处设置密封件来加强密封作用，有效地避免了水流入至电池包箱体1内，提高了电池包100的密封性。具体地，密封件可以为密封圈、密封条、密封垫等。
本实施例中，加强梁14为两个，加强梁14将电池包箱体1的内部分为至少三个用于放置电芯的电芯容纳腔4。具体地，两个加强梁14等间隔设置于电池包箱体1内，并把电池包箱体1分隔为三个电芯容纳腔4，将部分电芯与部分电芯分隔开，提高顶部挂接式电池包100的安全稳定性，同时也更便于安装电芯。
如图5所示，加强梁14上开设有用于电缆走线的线槽15，加强梁14两侧的电芯容纳腔4通过线槽15连通。通过加强梁14的结构将电芯容纳腔4进行分割，在加强梁14上设置的线槽15用于电缆的通过，使得相邻电芯容纳腔4内的电芯通过电缆实现电连接，安装连接非常方便。
如图5所示，若干个电芯容纳腔4沿水平方向依次间隔设置，若干个电芯容纳腔4包括多个侧部电芯容纳腔41且多个侧部电芯容纳腔41分布于凹槽11的两侧。多个侧部电芯容纳腔41内放置的电芯将分布在纵梁8的两侧，充分利用了纵梁8两侧的空间，实现空间利用率更高，且增大了电池包100内的电芯容量。
为了进一步利用电动汽车200纵梁8处在高度方向上的空间，提高空间利用率，增大电池包100内的电芯容量，若干个电芯容纳腔4还包括中部电芯容纳腔42，中部电芯容纳腔42设于电池包箱体1的中间区域，多个侧部电芯容纳腔41分布于中部电芯容纳腔42的两侧，中部电芯容纳腔42与侧部电芯容纳腔41之间形成凹槽11，且中部电芯容纳腔42的高度小于侧部电芯容纳腔41的高度。
其中，凹槽11用于避让纵梁8。电池包100在移动至纵梁8的下方的换电工位时，使得凹槽11的开口与纵梁8对准，电池包100将会沿竖直方向向上移动，实现纵梁8嵌设在凹槽11内，结构紧凑，空间利用率高，同时，有效避免发生干涉现象，稳定性更高。在本实施例中，凹槽11沿电动汽车200的长度方向贯穿于电池包100。
如图1所示，本实施例中，电池包箱体1包括箱体本体12与箱盖13，凹槽11设置在箱体本体12的顶部，且箱体本体12的顶部还设有若干开口，箱盖13盖住箱体本体12的开口，箱体本体12、箱盖13与加强梁14共同构成电芯容纳腔4。在电芯容纳腔4内拿取电芯时更加方便，通过箱盖13对箱体本体12内的电芯进行遮盖，避免电芯暴露在空气中，提高顶部挂接式电池包100的安全性。在本实施例中，电芯容纳腔4的数量和箱盖13的数量一一对应。
其中，凹槽11位于相邻两个开口之间。将凹槽11设置在相邻两个电芯容纳腔4的开口之间，重复利用了开口之间的结构空间，实现电池包100结构紧凑，空间利用率高。
如图4所示，电池包箱体1的底部设置有供换电设备的解锁机构穿过的解锁导向孔5，解锁导向孔5的长度方向平行于电池包箱体1的宽度方向解锁导向孔5自电池包箱体1的底部贯穿至凹槽11，解锁导向孔5设置于对应锁止机构3的锁连杆323的位置处。换电设备上的解锁杆将穿过解锁导向孔5并作用力在锁止机构3上以实现解锁。本实施例中，换电设备为换电小车。
进一步的，电池包箱体1的底部还设有供换电设备的定位结构穿过的定位导向槽6，定位导向槽6的长度方向平行于电池包箱体1的宽度方向。在换电设备进入解锁导向孔5之前，先经过定位导向槽6与定位结构进行换电设备与电池包100的对准，即利用定位导向槽6实现电池包100与换电设备的定位，从而避免换电设备对不准解锁导向孔5的情况。其中，定位导向槽6可以是上下贯通的槽，也可以是沉槽，即不上下贯通的槽。
定位导向槽6的下端侧壁周设有倾斜设置的第二倾斜导向面61，且沿着自下而上的方向，第二倾斜导向面61逐渐靠拢。当换电设备经过定位导向槽6，换电设备会随着定位导向槽6的第二倾斜导向面61的趋势移动，从而实现引导解锁机构与解锁导向孔5对准。在本实施例中，第二倾斜导向面61为弧形，在其他具体实施方式中，第二倾斜导向面61也可以是平面。
实施例2
如图6所示，本实施例还公开了一种电动汽车200，其包括纵梁8和实施例1所示的顶部挂接式电池包100，锁止机构3设置于纵梁8上，顶部挂接式电池包100通过锁连接结构2与锁止机构3可拆卸连接。本实施例中，电动汽车200为重型卡车或轻型卡车等商用车上，当然，也可以应用于轿车等乘用车的车型上。
电动汽车200的纵梁8为两个，顶部挂接式电池包100通过顶部的安装支架21与纵梁8上的锁止机构3实现锁止，从而顶部挂接式电池包100的重心位于纵梁8的下方，从而降低了电动汽车200的重心，使得车辆行驶更加平稳。
如图7所示，由于挂接件22的两端均与安装支架21连接，因此锁止机构3设有供挂接件22穿过的通槽31。具体地，通槽31沿锁止机构3的宽度方向延伸，即图11中的Y方向，由于锁止机构3供挂接件22穿入的为通槽31，因此挂接件22能够穿过锁止机构3并延伸出锁止机构3的两侧。
以下具体对锁止机构3进行介绍。
如图7、图9、图11-图13所示，锁止机构3包括一级锁32，一级锁32包括三个一级锁基座321、三个一级锁舌322和锁连杆323，通槽31包括一级锁槽325，一级锁基座321上开设有水平贯通且呈倒L型的一级锁槽325，一级锁基座321与一级锁舌322一一对应设置；一级锁基座321设置于纵梁8上，一级锁舌322的第一端转动连接于一级锁基座321，一级锁舌322的第二端转动连接于锁连杆 323；顶部挂接式电池包100的部分挂接件22穿设在一级锁槽325内；当锁连杆323受到换电设备的解锁机构的作用力时，锁连杆323带动一级锁舌322转动打开一级锁槽325的开口，挂接件22通过一级锁槽325的开口进出一级锁槽325。
如图11、图12所示，具体地，一级锁槽325自一级锁基座321的底面向上凹且贯通一级锁基座321的前后面并用于供安装在电池包100上的挂接件22进入。一级锁基座321上设置有用于安装一级锁舌322的锁舌槽324，锁舌槽324自一级锁基座321的顶面向下凹，锁舌槽324和一级锁槽325相连通，一级锁舌322的一端穿过锁舌槽324与锁连杆323轴连接，锁连杆323位于各一级锁基座321上方，一级锁舌322与一级锁基座321轴连接，从而锁连杆323的升降可带动一级锁舌322以一级锁基座321内的轴连接点进行旋转，从而实现一级锁舌322进入一级锁槽325或离开一级锁槽325，进而实现挂接件22卡入一级锁槽325和离开一级锁槽325两种状态之间转换。
本实施例利用一根锁连杆323同时控制多个一级锁基座321的一级锁舌322，实现多个一级锁基座321的同步解锁和锁止功能，提高电池包100的解锁过程，加快电池包100的更换效率。
倒L型的一级锁槽325包括沿竖直方向延伸的开口孔3251和沿水平方向延伸的锁止孔3252，开口孔3251的顶部与锁止孔3252连通，挂接件22先沿竖直方向自开口孔3251的底部到达开口孔3251与锁止孔3252的交接位置，再进入锁止孔3252，之后通过升降锁连杆323实现将挂接件22锁止于一级锁槽325的锁止孔3252内。
具体在使用时，电池包100由电动汽车200的底部向上进入纵梁8处，换电设备的解锁机构推动锁连杆323向上移动，带动一级锁舌322打开一级锁槽325，电池包100的凹槽11内的挂接件22自对应的一级锁基座321的底面插入一级锁槽325内，然后电池包100在换电设备的推动下向一级锁槽325的锁止孔3252方向移动，直至挂接件22进入锁止孔3252内，然后再带动电池包100的挂接件22朝向锁止孔3252远离开口孔3251的方向移动，换电设备的解锁机构不再作用于锁连杆323，从而一级锁舌322复位，完成电池包100的悬挂过程。在挂接件22的锁止过程中，锁连杆323在换电设备的推动下带动一级锁舌322旋转，使一级锁槽325的开口孔3251与锁止孔3252相互连通，当挂接件22进入锁止孔3252后，一级锁舌322会在锁连杆323的重力作用下旋转从而封住挂接件22的回退路径。此时，处于电池包100完全被锁在电动汽车200上的状态。当需要更换电池时，换电设备推动锁连杆323上升，从而使一级锁舌322旋转、开口孔3251与锁止孔3252连通，此时，再移动电池包100使挂接件22由一级锁槽325中退出，即可完成电池包100的卸下过程。
其中，锁连杆323包括长条形的杆件，该杆件与一级锁基座321的一级锁舌322轴连接。为了一级锁舌322能够在换电设备不再推动锁连杆323的情况下自动快速复位，锁连杆323与至少一个一级锁基座321之间还设有复位弹簧326，解除换电设备与锁连杆323之间的接触后，锁连杆323在自身的重力以及复位弹簧326的拉力下，会自然下降以带动一级锁舌322旋转从而锁住电池包100。
如图7、图9所示，锁止机构3还包括支撑座33，通槽31还包括支撑槽331，支撑座33上开设有水平贯通的呈倒L型的支撑槽331，顶部挂接式电池包100的剩余其他挂接件22穿设在支撑槽331内。通过采用一级锁32实现电池包100与纵梁8的连接后，在一级锁32周围设置同样具有倒L型通槽31的支撑座33，利用支撑座33的支撑槽331与挂接件22挂接，从而增加了电池包100与锁止机构3的连接点，使得电池包100更加稳定地连接在电动汽车200上。
如图8-图10所示，为了使得锁止机构3处受到的力更加均匀的传递到纵梁8上，电动汽车200还包括固定支架7，固定支架7为板状结构，固定支架7设置于纵梁8的侧壁上，锁止机构3通过固定支架7连接在纵梁8上。相比锁止机构3直接连接在纵梁8上，通过固定支架7来将锁止机构3连接在纵梁8上，增加了锁止机构3与纵梁8的连接面积，使得电池包100更加稳定地连接在电动汽车200上。
具体的，固定支架7包括依次连接的第一板体71与第二板体72，第一板体71与第二板体72相互垂直，第一板体71与纵梁8的侧壁连接，锁止机构3设置在第二板体72上并向下延伸，锁止机构3与锁连接结构2的连接点位于纵梁8的下端的上方。从而在保证锁止机构3与纵梁8的连接面积的情况下，当顶部挂接式电池包100安装在电动汽车200上时，由于锁止机构3与锁连接结构2的连接点高度被提升至车身纵梁8的下表面之上，能够整体提高顶部挂接式电池包100的高度，进一步为换电设备进行换电提供高度方向上的空间。
如图10所示，具体地，第一板体71和第二板体72均为平板结构，第一板体71贴合于纵梁8的外侧壁面，第二板体72自第一板体71的侧壁垂直向外延伸，锁止机构3通过法兰盘螺接于第二板体72上，并且第二板体72设有对应于一级锁基座321的锁舌槽324的连接槽721，连接槽721连通于锁舌槽324。
在其他具体实施方式中，固定支架7也可以设置于纵梁8的底部，此处不再赘述。
如图7所示，电动汽车200还包括用于安装电连接器的加强件9，加强件9位于两个纵梁8之间，且加强件9的两端分别连接于两个纵梁8。加强件9具有加强作用，且电连接器通过加强件9与两个纵梁8相连接，有效加强电动汽车200的整体结构强度，提高了电动汽车200的安全稳定性。
实施例3
实施例3中与实施例1中的相同部分不再复述，仅就不同部分进行描述。在本实施例3中，将三个箱盖13一体成型设置为带有两个U型凹槽11的一个箱盖13，利用这一个箱盖13对箱体本体12的多个电芯容纳腔4同时进行遮盖。此时，两个安装支架21设置在箱盖13的U型凹槽11内，电池包箱体1通过该箱盖13的凹槽11内的安装支架21及挂接件22连接于纵梁8上。
在其他具体方式中，锁止机构3与挂接件22不局限于本示例，也可以是T型锁止方式或者螺纹锁止方式，以下针对两种方式进行简要介绍。
第一种：T型锁止方式
锁止机构3包括锁止座，锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔，第一开孔内设有第一螺纹部，该第一螺纹部为内螺纹，挂接件22包括安装座和解锁杆，该安装座内沿竖直方向延伸的第二开孔，解锁杆竖向设置在第二开孔内，该解锁杆可相对于安装座在竖直方向移动且解锁杆上设有与第一螺纹部相配合的第二螺纹部，第二螺纹部能够与第一螺纹部啮合，从而实现锁止机构3与挂接件22的锁止和解锁。
第二种：螺纹锁止方式
锁止机构3包括锁止座，锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔，该第一开孔内设有限位部，第一开孔为方形孔且第一开孔的上方形成该限位部，挂接件22包括解锁杆，该解锁杆的上端设有止挡部，止挡部包括沿水平方向延伸的锁止杆，该锁止杆为柱状体且水平设置在解锁杆的顶部，锁止杆与解锁杆共同构成T型结构。
当锁止杆处于第一角度时，锁止杆能够穿过第一开孔并进入锁止座的限位部内，当锁止杆旋转至第二角度时，锁止杆能够被限制在限位部内，从而使得锁止机构3与挂接件22相对固定。
上述实施例中，充分利用纵梁8下方的高度空间，在换电设备对电池包100进行拆卸时，空载的换电设备可以直接进入电池包100的下方空间，且不与电动汽车200的底部产生干涉；在换电设备对电池包100进行安装时，承载有电池包100的换电设备也可以直接进入纵梁8的下方进行换电，且不与电动汽车200的底部产生干涉。整个过程中，既不需要举升车身，也不需要设置下沉式空间或挖坑用于供换电设备进出，降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
虽然以上描述了本申请的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本申请的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本申请的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本申请的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种顶部挂接式电池包，所述顶部挂接式电池包与电动汽车的纵梁的锁止机构可拆卸连接，其特征在于，所述顶部挂接式电池包包括电池包箱体和锁连接结构；
    所述锁连接结构包括安装支架和水平设置的若干挂接件，若干所述挂接件的至少一端与所述安装支架连接；
    所述电池包箱体的顶部对应所述纵梁的位置处设有朝向所述电池包箱体的内部凹陷的凹槽，所述安装支架设置于所述凹槽内，所述电池包箱体通过若干所述挂接件与所述锁止机构配合可拆卸连接于所述纵梁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述安装支架设置于所述凹槽的槽底；
    或，所述凹槽的一对侧壁构成所述安装支架，所述挂接件的两端分别与所述凹槽的一对侧壁连接。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述顶部挂接式电池包包括至少两个所述安装支架，所述安装支架设置在所述凹槽内的位置与所述纵梁的锁止机构的位置一一对应。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述安装支架包括一对立设于所述凹槽内的立板，所述挂接件的两端分别与所述立板连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，至少一对所述立板相对端面的顶部倾斜设有第一倾斜导向面，沿着所述立板远离所述凹槽的槽底的方向，所述立板的所述第一倾斜导向面逐渐相互远离。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述安装支架还包括加强板，所述加强板分别与两个所述立板连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述立板远离所述凹槽的槽底的一端设有第一卡槽，所述加强板设有与所述第一卡槽卡接的第二卡槽，所述加强板通过所述第一卡槽和所述第二卡槽卡设于一对所述立板上；
    和/或，所述加强板与所述挂接件间隔设置在所述立板上。
  8. 如权利要求4-7任意一项所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述安装支架还包括连接板，所述立板通过所述连接板设置在所述凹槽的槽底。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述连接板对应所述立板的位置处设有插接孔，所述立板对应所述插接孔的位置处设有与所述插接孔形状匹配的插接块，所述立板通过所述插接孔与插接块设置于连接板上；
    和/或，所述连接板上开设有第一位置调节孔，所述电池包箱体对应所述第一位置调节孔的位置处设有第二位置调节孔，所述第一位置调节孔与所述第二位置调节孔一一对应设置且所述第一位置调节 孔和/或所述第二位置调节孔为腰孔，所述腰孔的长度方向为所述电池包箱体的宽度方向，所述第一位置调节孔与所述第二位置调节孔通过连接组件可拆卸连接。
  10. 如权利要求3-9任意一项所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包箱体内对应所述安装支架的位置处设有加强梁，所述安装支架连接于所述加强梁上。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述安装支架与所述电池包箱体之间具有密封件。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述加强梁为两个，所述加强梁将所述电池包箱体的内部分为至少三个用于放置电芯的电芯容纳腔。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述加强梁上开设有用于电缆走线的线槽，所述加强梁两侧的所述电芯容纳腔通过所述线槽连通。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，若干个所述电芯容纳腔沿水平方向依次间隔设置；
    优选地，若干个所述电芯容纳腔包括多个侧部电芯容纳腔，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于所述凹槽的两侧；
    优选地，若干个所述电芯容纳腔还包括中部电芯容纳腔，所述中部电芯容纳腔设于所述电池包箱体的中间区域，多个所述侧部电芯容纳腔分布于所述中部电芯容纳腔的两侧，所述中部电芯容纳腔与所述侧部电芯容纳腔之间形成所述凹槽；
    优选地，所述中部电芯容纳腔的高度小于所述侧部电芯容纳腔的高度。
  15. 如权利要求12-14任意一项所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包箱体包括箱体本体与箱盖，所述凹槽设置在所述箱体本体的顶部，且所述箱体本体的顶部还设有若干开口，所述箱盖盖住所述箱体本体的开口，所述箱体本体、箱盖与加强梁共同构成所述电芯容纳腔；
    优选地，所述凹槽位于相邻两个所述开口之间。
  16. 如权利要求1-15任意一项所述的顶部挂接式电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包箱体的底部设置有供换电设备的解锁机构穿过的解锁导向孔，所述解锁导向孔的长度方向平行于所述电池包箱体的宽度方向，所述解锁导向孔自所述电池包箱体的底部贯穿至所述凹槽，所述解锁导向孔设置于对应所述锁止机构的锁连杆的位置处；
    优选地，所述电池包箱体的底部还设有供换电设备的定位结构穿过的定位导向槽，所述定位导向槽的长度方向平行于所述电池包箱体的宽度方向；
    优选地，所述定位导向槽的下端侧壁周设有倾斜设置的第二倾斜导向面，且沿着自下而上的方向，所述第二倾斜导向面逐渐靠拢。
  17. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，其包括纵梁和如权利要求1-16中任意一项所述的顶部挂接式电 池包，所述锁止机构设置于所述纵梁上，所述顶部挂接式电池包通过所述锁连接结构与所述锁止机构可拆卸连接。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述锁止机构设有供所述挂接件穿过的通槽；
    优选地，所述锁止机构包括一级锁，所述一级锁包括至少两个一级锁基座、至少两个一级锁舌和锁连杆，所述通槽包括一级锁槽，所述一级锁基座上开设有水平贯通且呈倒L型的所述一级锁槽，所述一级锁基座与一级锁舌一一对应设置；
    所述一级锁基座设置于所述纵梁上，所述一级锁舌的第一端转动连接于所述一级锁基座，所述一级锁舌的第二端转动连接于所述锁连杆；
    所述顶部挂接式电池包的至少部分所述挂接件穿设在所述一级锁槽内；
    当所述锁连杆受到换电设备的解锁机构的作用力时，所述锁连杆带动所述一级锁舌转动打开所述一级锁槽的开口，所述挂接件通过所述一级锁槽的开口进出所述一级锁槽；
    优选地，所述锁止机构还包括支撑座，所述通槽还包括支撑槽，所述支撑座上开设有水平贯通的呈倒L型的所述支撑槽，所述顶部挂接式电池包的部分所述挂接件穿设在所述支撑槽内。
  19. 如权利要求17或18所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电动汽车还包括固定支架，所述固定支架为板状结构，所述固定支架设置于所述纵梁的侧壁或所述纵梁的底部，所述锁止机构通过所述固定支架连接在所述纵梁上。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述固定支架包括依次连接的第一板体与第二板体，所述第一板体与第二板体相互垂直，所述第一板体与所述纵梁的侧壁连接，所述锁止机构设置在所述第二板体上并向下延伸，所述锁止机构与锁连接结构的连接点位于所述纵梁的下端的上方。
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CN115284860A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-11-04 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 底部挂接式电池包及电动汽车
CN115303045A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-11-08 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 电动汽车用电池包及电动汽车

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