WO2024002052A1 - 电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024002052A1
WO2024002052A1 PCT/CN2023/102663 CN2023102663W WO2024002052A1 WO 2024002052 A1 WO2024002052 A1 WO 2024002052A1 CN 2023102663 W CN2023102663 W CN 2023102663W WO 2024002052 A1 WO2024002052 A1 WO 2024002052A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
primary
quick
bracket
lock
level
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/102663
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
仇丹梁
刘猛
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024002052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024002052A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery replacement for electric vehicles, and in particular to a quick-change bracket for electric vehicles and an electric vehicle including the same.
  • the process of replacing a new battery pack involves locking and unlocking the battery pack.
  • locking parts usually lock shafts
  • the locking mechanism is fixed on the quick-change bracket to be assembled into a quick-change bracket assembly, and the quick-change bracket assembly is installed on the chassis of the electric vehicle.
  • the lock shaft cooperates with the locking mechanism to lock the battery pack.
  • the lock tongue When the existing lock and locking mechanism are locked together, the lock tongue will always be tightly pressed against the lock shaft to prevent the lock shaft from moving in the lock groove to prevent it from coming out of the lock groove of the lock base. Since electric vehicles are prone to shaking during driving and the battery pack is heavy, the locking reliability of the lock tongue is unstable during use and the locking mechanism is prone to failure.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the locking reliability of the lock tongue is unstable and the locking mechanism is prone to failure during use, and a quick-change bracket for electric vehicles and a bracket containing the same are provided. Electric vehicles.
  • a quick-change bracket for electric vehicles used to be fixed on the beam of the electric vehicle and used to install the battery pack.
  • the quick-change bracket includes:
  • the bracket body is fixed to the vehicle beam
  • a first-level locking mechanism is provided on the bracket body, and the first-level locking mechanism has a first-level cavity;
  • a secondary locking mechanism is provided on the bracket body and spaced apart from the primary locking mechanism, and the secondary locking mechanism has a secondary cavity;
  • the primary locking member when the battery pack is in a locked state, the primary locking member is locked in the primary cavity by the primary mechanism, and the secondary locking member is limited in the secondary cavity.
  • the secondary locking mechanism limits the secondary locking member.
  • the locking of the primary locking member by the primary locking mechanism is performed synchronously.
  • the secondary locking mechanism will not lock the secondary locking part, but only limit the position of the secondary locking part.
  • the secondary locking mechanism will It plays a protective and supporting role to prevent the battery pack from falling off, improves the locking reliability of the lock tongue during use, and thus plays a very good role in protecting the battery pack.
  • the secondary locking mechanism can first release the limit of the secondary locking member, and then the primary locking mechanism After unlocking the primary locking member, the secondary locking mechanism will not affect the unlocking operation of the primary locking mechanism, and the unlocking is smooth and reliable.
  • the locking of the primary locking part by the primary locking mechanism and the limiting of the secondary locking part by the secondary locking mechanism are synchronized, and the operation It is convenient and helps to improve the installation efficiency and installation reliability of the battery pack.
  • the first-level locking mechanism includes a first-level lock link, a first-level lock base and a first-level lock tongue.
  • the first-level lock base is installed on the bracket body and is provided with a first-level opening and a first-level locking bolt.
  • the first-level cavity extends from the first-level opening, the first-level opening is used for the first-level locking member to enter the first-level cavity, and the first-level lock connecting rod is used to drive the first-level locking member under the action of external force.
  • the primary lock bolt moves relative to the primary lock base, so that the primary lock bolt changes between a locked state and an unlocked state relative to the primary lock base;
  • the secondary locking mechanism includes a secondary lock connecting rod, a secondary lock base and a secondary lock tongue.
  • the secondary lock base is installed on the bracket body and is provided with a secondary opening and a secondary opening from the secondary lock.
  • the secondary cavity extends with an opening, the secondary opening is used for the secondary locking member to enter the secondary cavity, and the secondary lock connecting rod is used to drive the secondary locking member under the action of external force.
  • the secondary lock bolt moves relative to the secondary lock base so that the secondary lock bolt changes between a locked state and an unlocked state relative to the secondary lock base;
  • the primary locking piece when the battery pack is in a locked state, the primary locking piece is located in the primary cavity and abuts against the primary lock tongue, and the secondary locking piece is located in the second level cavity.
  • a gap is formed in the primary cavity and between the secondary lock tongue, and the gap is configured to restrict the secondary locking member from leaving the secondary cavity.
  • the above-mentioned gap is set so that the secondary locking tongue does not lock the secondary locking part, but only limits the position of the secondary locking part.
  • the lever is lifted up, thereby releasing the restriction on the secondary locking part; and since the primary locking part is in contact with the primary lock tongue, the unlocking ejector rod cannot directly lift up the primary lock connecting rod, and needs to be installed on the power exchange equipment Under the action of the first-level lock tongue, the battery pack is driven to move in the direction away from the first-level lock tongue, so that a certain distance is formed between the first-level locking piece and the first-level lock tongue. The moment the distance is in place, the unlocking ejector can connect the first-level lock Rod jacked up.
  • setting the gap within the above range not only facilitates timely release of the limit operation when the secondary locking member needs to be released, but at the same time does not require the secondary locking member to be released.
  • the secondary locking piece is allowed to slide out of the secondary cavity from the gap, ensuring stable and reliable position limiting of the secondary locking piece.
  • the secondary locking mechanism further includes a connecting seat installed on the bracket body and spaced apart from the secondary lock base, and the secondary lock connecting rod has a first locking link along the length direction.
  • the first end of the secondary lock link is connected to the secondary lock bolt, the second end of the secondary lock link is connected to the connection seat, and the connection seat is configured to allow The first end of the secondary lock connecting rod Rotates relative to the secondary lock base.
  • the connecting seat can connect the second end of the secondary locking link to the bracket body, and at the same time assist in realizing the rotation of the secondary locking link relative to the lock base to limit the secondary locking member. position or release the limit on the secondary locking member.
  • the connecting base and the secondary lock base have the same structure.
  • the secondary locking mechanism further includes a connecting lock tongue, the connecting lock tongue is connected to the connecting seat, and the second end of the secondary lock connecting rod is connected to the connecting lock tongue;
  • the structure of the connecting lock tongue is the same as that of the secondary lock tongue.
  • a side of the primary lock link facing the primary lock base has an outwardly extending protruding primary unlocking portion
  • a side of the secondary lock link facing the secondary lock base The side has an outwardly extending protruding secondary unlocking portion.
  • the primary unlocking portion and the secondary unlocking portion are respectively used for the unlocking mechanism to act against to drive the corresponding primary lock link and secondary lock.
  • the connecting rod moves and drives the corresponding primary lock tongue and secondary lock tongue to open.
  • the above structural arrangement is used to facilitate unlocking and improve the unlocking efficiency of the battery pack.
  • one end of the primary lock base, the secondary lock base and the connecting seat is connected to the bracket body, and the other end extends to the bottom of the bracket body.
  • the primary lock base The primary opening is provided below, the primary opening and the primary cavity penetrate the primary lock base along the axis direction of the primary locking piece, the secondary lock base and A secondary opening is provided below the connecting seat, and the secondary opening and the secondary cavity penetrate the secondary lock base along the axis direction of the secondary locking piece.
  • the battery pack is fixed to the electric vehicle through the bracket body.
  • the primary opening and the secondary opening are set below.
  • the battery pack enters the corresponding cavity through the opening below, thereby locking the battery pack in the cavity to avoid This prevents the battery pack from entering the cavity from the side of the cavity, thereby preventing the locking member from sliding out from one side of the cavity, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack locking.
  • the quick-change bracket further includes a support seat, which is provided on the bracket body and spaced apart from the primary locking mechanism and the secondary locking mechanism;
  • the support base has a support opening and a support cavity extending from the support opening.
  • the support opening is used to allow a three-level locking member installed on the battery pack to enter the support cavity to support the battery pack. Level three locking parts.
  • the support base can reliably support the battery pack through the three-level locking member, which helps to further reliably install the battery pack on the bracket body.
  • the battery pack is fixed to the electric vehicle through the bracket body, and the support opening is set below.
  • the battery pack enters the corresponding cavity through the support opening below, thereby achieving alignment by supporting the three-level locking piece in the support cavity.
  • the support of the battery pack avoids the battery
  • the side of the package self-supporting cavity enters the supporting cavity, which can prevent the third-level locking piece from sliding out from one side of the supporting cavity, ensuring stable support for the battery pack, and helping to further improve the safety of battery pack locking. .
  • the quick-change bracket further includes a baffle assembly
  • the baffle assembly at least includes a baffle connected to at least one end of the bracket body in the length direction of the electric vehicle, and the baffle is One end of the plate is connected to the bracket body, and the other end of the baffle extends toward the outside of the bracket body.
  • the quick-change bracket is provided with a baffle on at least one end of the bracket body in the length direction of the electric vehicle, thereby preventing muddy water from the wheels of the electric vehicle from splashing onto the battery installed on the quick-change bracket behind the baffle.
  • the battery pack can effectively solve the problem of the battery pack being invaded by foreign objects, effectively protect the battery pack, and help improve the locking stability of the battery pack and the quick-change bracket.
  • the quick-change bracket further includes a guard plate connected to at least one end of the bracket body in the width direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the locking mechanism can be blocked, thereby preventing foreign matter from entering the locking mechanism, effectively protecting the locking mechanism on the bracket body, and improving the locking stability.
  • a first positioning hole is provided on a side of the bracket body close to the front of the electric vehicle, and a second positioning hole is provided on a side of the bracket body close to the rear of the electric vehicle.
  • the positioning hole and the second positioning hole are used for positioning pins on the power exchange device to be inserted from bottom to top.
  • the positioning, alignment and relative fixation of the power exchange equipment and the bracket body can be achieved, so that the power exchange equipment can be aligned and relatively fixed.
  • the electrical equipment will not be displaced relative to the bracket body, ensuring smooth disassembly and assembly of the battery pack on the quick-change bracket.
  • the primary locking mechanism and the secondary locking mechanism are arranged on the longitudinal beam.
  • the positioning pin can be prevented from interfering with the components on the cross beam and the longitudinal beam after being inserted.
  • the lower surface of the upright at one end near the rear of the electric vehicle is higher in the height direction than the lower surface of the upright at one end near the front of the electric vehicle.
  • the above structural arrangement is adopted.
  • the column near the front end of the electric vehicle is long, the column near the rear end of the electric vehicle is shortened, thereby ensuring the stable positioning of the power exchange equipment and the bracket body. This can prevent the battery pack on the battery swapping equipment from interfering with the first column when it is installed into the quick-change bracket.
  • the quick-change bracket further includes an adapter.
  • the adapter includes a base and a protruding portion provided on the base.
  • the base and the protruding portion are both One is connected to the bracket body, and the other is connected to the frame of the electric vehicle.
  • the assembly of the same quick-change bracket with electric vehicles of different models can be achieved by selecting adapters with different convex heights, avoiding the need to design a quick-change bracket for one vehicle model and improving the efficiency of the quick-change bracket. Versatility.
  • the quick-change bracket further includes a visual identification component, which includes a mounting bracket and a mounting plate.
  • the first end of the frame is connected to the bracket body, and the second end extends to the outside of the bracket body.
  • the mounting plate is connected to the end of the mounting bracket that extends to the outer end of the bracket body.
  • the mounting plate The board is provided with visual identification points that can be recognized by visual equipment.
  • the bracket body at least includes a longitudinal beam, the longitudinal beam extends along the length direction of the electric vehicle, and the longitudinal beam is fixed to the vehicle beam;
  • the longitudinal beam includes a top plate, a side plate and a bottom plate connected in sequence.
  • the side plate is fixedly connected to the vehicle beam.
  • the top plate and the bottom plate are respectively connected from both sides of the side plate along the first-level lock.
  • the axial direction of the stop member and the secondary locking member extends outward, and the primary locking mechanism and the secondary locking mechanism are provided on the bottom plate;
  • the first end of the mounting bracket is attached to and detachably connected to the side of the top plate facing the bottom plate.
  • the first end of the mounting bracket is connected between the top plate and the bottom plate, does not occupy the space on the top of the top plate, does not interfere with the external structure provided on the top of the top plate, and at the same time, can also protect the mounting bracket.
  • the bracket body further includes a plurality of reinforcing rib plates, the reinforcing rib plates are clamped between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the reinforcing rib plates face one side of the side plate and the side plate. board-to-plate connection;
  • the connecting transverse plate is attached to and detachably connected to the side of the reinforcing rib plate away from the side plate.
  • the connecting horizontal plate is connected between the two side connecting plates, and the two isolated side connecting plates are connected into an integral structure to facilitate the connection between the mounting frame and the longitudinal beam.
  • the recessed portion can avoid the reinforcing ribs, making it easy to connect the mounting bracket to the longitudinal beam without affecting the reinforcement effect of the longitudinal beam.
  • connecting the connecting horizontal plate to the reinforcing plate increases the connection points between the mounting frame and the longitudinal beam, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the connection between the mounting frame and the longitudinal beam, which in turn helps ensure the reliability of the visual recognition components.
  • the mounting bracket further includes a middle connecting plate connected between the two side connecting plates, the middle connecting plate is connected to the bottom of the side connecting plates, and the two ends of the middle connecting plate are connected respectively. to the connecting horizontal plate and the mounting plate.
  • the middle connecting plate is connected between the side connecting plates, which can improve the stability of the mounting frame and ensure the strength of the mounting frame, thereby ensuring the reliability of the visual recognition component.
  • the side connecting plates have an L-shaped structure and include horizontal connecting parts and vertical connecting parts connected end to end, and the two ends of the connecting horizontal plates are connected to the vertical connecting parts of the two side connecting plates. between;
  • a plurality of weight-reducing holes are provided at intervals on the side connecting plates and/or the middle connecting plates.
  • a bending portion is formed on the side of the horizontal connecting portion away from the vertical connecting portion.
  • the bending portion is opposite to the vertical connecting portion and extends from the horizontal connecting portion toward the end of the horizontal connecting portion.
  • the direction of the bottom plate extends.
  • the bending part can play a structural strengthening role in the side connecting plate, which is beneficial to improving the overall strength of the mounting frame, thus helping to ensure the reliability of the visual recognition component.
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle, which includes a battery pack and the above-mentioned quick-change bracket for battery vehicles, and the battery pack is installed on the bracket body.
  • the secondary locking mechanism does not lock the secondary locking part, but only limits the position of the secondary locking part.
  • the secondary locking mechanism protects and supports the battery pack, preventing the battery pack from falling off, and improves the locking reliability of the lock tongue during use, thereby protecting the battery pack very well.
  • the secondary locking mechanism can first release the limit of the secondary locking member, and then the primary lock The locking mechanism releases the lock on the primary locking piece.
  • the locking of the primary locking part by the primary locking mechanism and the limiting of the secondary locking part by the secondary locking mechanism are synchronized, and the operation It is convenient and helps to improve the installation efficiency and installation reliability of the battery pack.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a quick-change bracket for an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged structural diagram of part A in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is another schematic diagram of the overall structure of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a quick-change bracket for an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the primary locking mechanism of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary locking mechanism of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the visual recognition component of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the adapter of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles in one direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the adapter of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles in another direction according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the support base of the adapter of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the primary locking mechanism of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles locking the primary locking part in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary locking mechanism of the quick-change bracket for electric vehicles in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which limits the position of the secondary locking member.
  • FIG 13 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The figure shows the connection between the quick-change bracket and the vehicle beam.
  • 1 quick-change bracket 10 bracket body; 101 longitudinal beam; 1011 top plate; 1012 side plate; 1013 bottom plate; 102 cross beam; 103 column; 104 reinforced rib plate; 20 first-level locking mechanism; 201 first-level cavity; 202 primary lock connecting rod; 203 primary lock base; 204 primary lock tongue; 205 primary opening; 206 primary unlocking part; 30 secondary locking mechanism; 301 secondary cavity; 302 secondary lock connecting rod ; 303 secondary lock base; 304 secondary lock tongue; 305 secondary opening; 306 connecting seat; 307 connecting lock tongue; 308 secondary unlocking part; 40 support seat; 401 support opening; 402 support cavity; 50 baffle ; 60 first positioning hole; 70 second positioning hole; 80 adapter; 801 base; 802 raised portion; 803 avoidance groove; 804 bolt head; 90 visual identification component; 901 mounting bracket; 902 mounting plate; 903 side Plate connecting plate; 9031 horizontal connecting part; 9032 vertical connecting part; 9033 bending part; 904 connecting horizontal plate; 905 recessed part;
  • this embodiment discloses a quick-change bracket 1 for an electric vehicle and an electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle includes a battery pack and a quick-change bracket 1 for electric vehicles.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 for electric vehicles is used to be fixed on the vehicle beam 2 of the electric vehicle and used to install the battery pack.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 includes a bracket body 10 , a primary locking mechanism 20 and a secondary locking mechanism 30 .
  • the bracket body 10 is fixed to the vehicle beam 2 .
  • the primary locking mechanism 20 is disposed on the bracket body 10 and has a primary cavity 201 .
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 is arranged on the bracket body 10 and is spaced apart from the primary locking mechanism 20 .
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 has a secondary cavity 301 .
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 releases the position limit of the secondary locking member 4 before the primary locking mechanism 20 releases the locking of the primary locking member 3 .
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 limits the secondary locking member 4 and the primary locking mechanism 20 locks the primary locking member 3 simultaneously.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 does not lock the secondary locking member 4, but only limits the position of the secondary locking member 4.
  • the locking mechanism 30 protects and supports the battery pack so that the battery pack does not fall off, improves the locking reliability of the lock tongue during use, and thereby protects the battery pack very well.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 can first release the limit on the secondary locking member 4, and then the primary locking mechanism can The locking mechanism 20 unlocks the primary locking member 3.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 will not affect the unlocking operation of the primary locking mechanism 20, and the unlocking is smooth and reliable.
  • the primary locking mechanism 20 locks the primary locking member 3 and the secondary locking mechanism 30 limits the secondary locking member 4. Synchronous and easy to operate, it is conducive to improving the installation efficiency and reliability of the battery pack.
  • the primary locking mechanism 20 includes a primary lock link 202, a primary lock base 203 and a primary lock tongue 204.
  • the primary lock base 203 is installed on The bracket body 10 is also provided with a primary opening 205 and a primary cavity 201 extending from the primary opening 205.
  • the primary opening 205 is used for the primary locking member 3 to enter the primary cavity 201 and the primary lock connecting rod 202.
  • the primary lock tongue 204 is driven to move relative to the primary lock base 203, so that the primary lock tongue 204 changes between a locked state and an unlocked state relative to the primary lock base 203.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 includes a secondary lock connecting rod 302, a secondary lock base 303 and a secondary lock tongue 304.
  • the secondary lock base 303 is installed on the bracket body 10 and is provided with a secondary opening 305 and a secondary cavity 301 extending from the secondary opening 305.
  • the secondary opening 305 is used for the secondary locking member 4 to enter the secondary cavity 301.
  • the secondary lock connecting rod 302 is used to drive the secondary lock tongue 304 to move relative to the secondary lock base 303 under the action of external force, so that the secondary lock tongue 304 is in the locked state relative to the secondary lock base 303. Change between unlocked states.
  • the primary locking member 3 When the battery pack is in a locked state, the primary locking member 3 is located in the primary cavity 201 and abuts against the primary lock tongue 204, and the secondary locking member 4 is located in the secondary cavity 301 and is in contact with the secondary locking tongue 204.
  • a gap is formed between the secondary lock tongues 304 , and the gap is configured to restrict the secondary locking member 4 from leaving the secondary cavity 301 .
  • the above-mentioned gap is set so that the secondary lock tongue 304 does not lock the secondary locking member 4, but only limits the position of the secondary locking member 4.
  • the unlocking ejector acts on the primary locking link 202 and the secondary locking link 302 at the same time, the unlocking ejector can directly The locking link lifts up, thereby releasing the restriction on the secondary locking member 4; and because the primary locking member 3 is in contact with the primary lock tongue 204, the unlocking push rod cannot directly push up the primary locking link 202.
  • the battery pack needs to be driven in the direction away from the primary lock tongue 204 under the action of the power exchange equipment, so that there is a certain distance between the primary locking part 3 and the primary lock tongue 204.
  • the unlocking The push rod can push up the primary lock connecting rod 202.
  • there is a gap between the secondary lock tongue 304 and the secondary locking part 4 without contact so that the secondary lock tongue 304 is not easily damaged by the secondary locking part 4 during use, and the secondary lock tongue 304 is not easily damaged. Being subjected to impact friction, the stability and reliability of the secondary locking mechanism 30 is ensured, which greatly improves the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the gap is not less than 2 mm and not larger than the radius of the secondary locking piece 4 .
  • setting the gap within the above range not only facilitates timely release of the limit operation when the secondary locking member 4 needs to be released, but at the same time does not require the secondary locking member 4 to be released.
  • the secondary locking part 4 is allowed to slide out of the secondary cavity 301 from the gap, that is, the secondary locking part 4 can be reliably limited in the secondary cavity 301, ensuring that the secondary locking part 4 is 4.
  • the limit is stable and reliable.
  • the secondary locking mechanism 30 also includes a connecting seat 306.
  • the connecting seat 306 is installed on the bracket body 10 and is spaced apart from the secondary lock base 303.
  • the secondary locking link 302 has a first locking link 302 along the length direction. The first end of the secondary locking link 302 is connected to the secondary locking tongue 304, and the second end of the secondary locking link 302 is connected to the connecting seat 306.
  • the connecting seat 306 is configured to allow the secondary locking link 302 to The first end of 302 rotates relative to the secondary lock base 303 .
  • the connecting base 306 can connect the second end of the secondary lock link 302 to the bracket body 10 and at the same time assist in realizing the rotation of the secondary lock link 302 relative to the secondary lock base 303 to achieve Limit the position of the secondary locking part 4 or release the positioning of the secondary locking part 4 .
  • connection base 306 and the secondary lock base 303 have the same structure.
  • connection base 306 and the secondary lock base 303 have the same structure, which is beneficial to ensuring the support and limiting effect of the battery pack.
  • it also increases the applicable scope of the secondary lock base 303, which is beneficial to cost savings. .
  • the structure of the connecting lock tongue 307 is the same as that of the secondary lock tongue 304.
  • the primary lock link 202 is connected to three primary lock bases 203; in the secondary locking mechanism In 30, the secondary lock connecting rod 302 is connected with a secondary lock base 303 and a connecting rod.
  • the structures of the connecting base 306 and the connecting lock tongue 307 are preferably the same structures as the secondary lock base 303 and the connecting lock tongue 307 respectively.
  • the above structural arrangement is adopted so that the structures at both ends of the secondary locking link 302 are the same, which is beneficial to further ensuring the support and limiting effect of the battery pack, and is also beneficial to ensuring that the primary locking mechanism 20 and the secondary locking link 302 have the same structure. Locking synchronicity of the stage locking mechanism 30.
  • the structural components connected to the secondary lock link 302 of the secondary locking mechanism 30 may also include two or more secondary lock bases 303 and/or two or more connecting seats 306. There is no specific limit to this.
  • setting the number of the secondary lock base 303 and the connecting base 306 to one each can reduce costs while achieving reliable position limiting of the battery pack.
  • quick-change bracket 1 with the primary locking mechanism 20 and the secondary locking mechanism 30 in the above embodiment can be implemented separately in actual applications, and the above embodiment is not specifically limited.
  • one end of the primary lock base 203, the secondary lock base 303 and the connecting seat 306 is connected to the bracket body 10, and the other end extends to the bottom of the bracket body 10.
  • the primary opening 205 and the primary cavity 201 penetrate the primary lock base 203 along the axis direction of the primary locking member 3.
  • the secondary lock base 303 and the connecting seat There is a secondary opening 305 below 306, and the secondary opening 305 and the secondary cavity 301 penetrate the secondary lock base 303 along the axis direction of the secondary locking member 4.
  • the battery pack is fixed to the electric vehicle through the bracket body 10.
  • the primary opening 205 and the secondary opening 305 are provided below.
  • the battery pack enters the corresponding cavity through the opening below, thereby locking the battery pack in the empty space.
  • the battery pack is prevented from entering the cavity from the side of the cavity, and the locking member is prevented from sliding out from one side of the cavity, which improves the safety of the battery pack locking.
  • the primary lock base 203, the secondary lock base 303 and the connection base 306 are respectively detachably connected to the bracket body 10. It should be noted that in other alternative embodiments, in order to improve the installation strength and stability, the primary lock base 203 , the secondary lock base 303 and the connecting base 306 can also be configured to be integrally formed with the bracket body 10 . Alternatively, a part of the primary lock base 203, the secondary lock base 303 and the connecting base 306 may be configured to be integrally formed with the bracket body 10, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 also includes a support base 40, which is disposed on The bracket body 10 is spaced apart from the primary locking mechanism 20 and the secondary locking mechanism 30 .
  • the support base 40 has a support opening 401 and a support cavity 402 extending from the support opening 401.
  • the support opening 401 is used for allowing the third-level locking member installed on the battery pack to enter the support cavity 402 to support the third-level lock. stop piece.
  • one side of the support base 40 One end is connected to the bracket body 10, and the other end extends to the bottom of the bracket body 10.
  • a support opening 401 is provided below the support base 40.
  • the support opening 401 and the support cavity 402 penetrate the support base 40 along the axis direction of the third-level locking member.
  • the support opening 401 and the support cavity 402 penetrate the support base 40 along the axial direction of the three-level locking piece.
  • the support base 40 is installed on the bracket body 10 through the connection structure.
  • the support base 40 is integrally formed with the bracket body 10 .
  • the battery pack is fixed to the electric vehicle through the bracket body 10, and the support opening 401 is provided below.
  • the battery pack enters the corresponding cavity through the support opening 401 below, thereby supporting the three-level locking member in the support cavity 402.
  • the support for the battery pack is achieved, and the side of the self-supporting cavity 402 of the battery pack is prevented from entering the support cavity 402, and the third-level locking member is prevented from sliding out from one side of the self-supporting cavity 402, ensuring stable support for the battery pack. , helping to further improve the safety of battery pack locking.
  • the primary lock base 203, the secondary lock base 303, the connecting base 306 and the supporting base 40 all adopt the same structure, which can increase the applicable range of the lock base and help save costs.
  • the primary locking member 3, the secondary locking member 4 and the third-level locking member are all lock shafts connected to the battery pack. Each lock shaft is usually located at the same height relative to the battery pack. Therefore, the primary lock base 203, the secondary lock base 303, the connecting base 306 and the supporting base 40 are preferably also located at the same height relative to the bracket body 10. high.
  • the primary locking mechanism 20, the secondary locking mechanism 30 and the support base 40 in the above embodiments can be implemented separately in actual applications, and the above embodiments are not specifically limited.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 also includes a baffle assembly.
  • the baffle assembly at least includes a baffle 50.
  • the baffle 50 is connected to the bracket body 10 in the length direction of the electric vehicle. At least one end of the baffle 50 is connected to the bracket body 10 , and the other end of the baffle 50 extends toward the outside of the bracket body 10 .
  • the quick-change bracket 1 is provided with a baffle 50 on at least one end of the bracket body 10 in the length direction of the electric vehicle. Therefore, muddy water from the wheels of the electric vehicle can be prevented from splashing onto the quick-change bracket 1 behind the baffle 50. battery pack, thereby effectively solving the problem of the battery pack being invaded by foreign objects, effectively protecting the battery pack, and helping to improve the locking stability of the battery pack and the quick-change bracket 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3-4 of this embodiment only one end close to the front direction of the vehicle is shown to have the baffle 50 .
  • the baffle 50 is inclined in an outwardly extending direction away from the front of the electric vehicle or away from the rear of the electric vehicle. Among them, arranging the baffle 50 to be tilted backward can reduce wind resistance on the one hand, and help foreign objects falling on the baffle 50 to slide off quickly to prevent foreign objects from being deposited on the baffle 50 .
  • quick-change bracket 1 with the baffle assembly in this embodiment can be implemented independently in actual applications, and this embodiment is not specifically limited.
  • a first positioning hole 60 is provided on the side of the bracket body 10 close to the front of the electric vehicle, and a second positioning hole 60 is provided on the side of the bracket body 10 close to the rear of the electric vehicle.
  • the positioning hole 70, the first positioning hole 60 and the second positioning hole 70 are used for positioning pins on the power exchange device to be inserted from bottom to top.
  • the positioning, alignment and relative positioning of the power exchange equipment and the bracket body 10 can be achieved. Fixed, so that the power exchange equipment will not be displaced relative to the bracket body 10 when exchanging power, ensuring smooth disassembly and assembly of the battery pack on the quick-swap bracket 1 .
  • one of the first positioning hole 60 and the second positioning hole 70 is a round hole, and the other is a waist-shaped hole.
  • the front and rear positioning holes of the bracket body 10 are round holes and waist holes respectively.
  • the waist-shaped holes can facilitate the quick alignment of the positioning pins and the positioning holes, help to improve the alignment efficiency, and can avoid the power exchange equipment and the positioning holes.
  • the round holes can relatively fix the positioning pins after the positioning pins are inserted into them, avoiding displacement deviations and ensuring positioning and alignment accuracy.
  • the bracket body 10 includes a cross beam 102, a longitudinal beam 101 and a column 103.
  • the longitudinal beam 101 extends along the length direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the longitudinal beam 101 is fixed to the vehicle beam 2 of the electric vehicle.
  • the cross beam 102 passes through the column 103.
  • Connected to the longitudinal beam 101, the longitudinal beam 101, the upright column 103 and the cross beam 102 are connected in sequence to form a rectangular frame, and the upright column 103 is provided with a corresponding first positioning hole 60 or a second positioning hole 70;
  • the primary locking mechanism 20 and the secondary locking mechanism 30 are provided on the longitudinal beam 101.
  • the lower surface of the column 103 at one end near the rear of the electric vehicle is higher in the height direction than the lower surface of the column 103 at one end near the front of the electric vehicle.
  • the positioning hole on the column 103 located near the front end of the electric vehicle is the first positioning hole 60, and is a waist-shaped hole, located near the front end of the electric vehicle.
  • the positioning hole on the upright 103 at the rear end is the second positioning hole 70 and is a round hole.
  • the positioning holes on the column 103 located near the front end of the electric vehicle can also be configured as round holes, and the positioning holes on the column 103 located near the rear end of the electric vehicle can be configured as waist holes. hole, this embodiment is not used to make specific limitations.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 with positioning holes and the quick-change bracket 1 with height differences between the front and rear columns can be implemented separately in practical applications, and this embodiment is not specifically limited.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 also includes an adapter 80.
  • the adapter 80 includes a base 801 and a protrusion disposed on the base 801. Part 802, one of the base 801 and the protruding part 802 is connected to the bracket body 10, and the other is connected to the vehicle beam 2 of the electric vehicle.
  • the same quick-change bracket 1 can be assembled with electric vehicles of different models, avoiding the need to design a quick-change bracket 1 for one car model, and improving the efficiency of the quick-change bracket. 1 versatility.
  • the adapter 80 forms an escape groove 803 on the opposite side corresponding to the protruding portion 802.
  • the escape groove 803 is recessed toward the protruding direction of the protruding portion 802, and is provided in the escape groove 803 through the protruding portion. Mounting holes on 802 surface.
  • the adapter 80 is provided with a protruding portion 802 and an escape groove 803 to leave a space for the bolt head, so that the bolt head 804 can be accommodated in the escape groove 803 to avoid interference with the vehicle beam 2 .
  • the bolt head 804 can be accommodated in the escape groove 803 to avoid interference with the vehicle beam 2 .
  • the quick-change bracket 1 in this embodiment is provided with six adapters 80. 1. Three adapters 80 are provided on each side, and the adapters on both sides are arranged oppositely.
  • the protruding portion 802 is connected to the bracket body 10, and the base 801 is used to connect to the vehicle beam 2 of the electric vehicle.
  • quick-change bracket 1 with the adapter 80 in this embodiment can be implemented independently in actual applications, and this embodiment is not specifically limited.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 also includes a visual recognition component 90.
  • the visual recognition component 90 includes a mounting bracket 901 and a mounting plate 902. The first end of the mounting bracket 901 is connected to The bracket body 10 is connected and the second end extends to the outside of the bracket body 10.
  • the mounting plate 902 is connected to the end of the mounting frame 901 and extends to the outer end of the bracket body 10.
  • the mounting plate 902 is provided with a visual identification device that can be recognized by a visual device. point. Among them, the parking positioning of the electric vehicle can be realized by arranging the visual recognition component 90 .
  • the parking positioning of the electric vehicle by arranging the visual recognition component 90 can improve the positioning and alignment accuracy of the power exchange equipment and the electric vehicle, which helps to improve the success rate of power exchange.
  • the mounting plate 902 is firmly installed on the longitudinal beam 101 through the mounting bracket 901 to ensure that the mounting plate 902 will not be displaced during the process of being recognized by the visual device on the power swapping device, thus ensuring the accuracy of the positioning of the power swapping device. .
  • the visual identification points make the mounting plate 902 easier to identify by visual equipment.
  • the first end of the mounting bracket 901 is connected between the top plate 1011 and the bottom plate 1013, does not occupy the space on the top of the top plate 1011, and does not interfere with the external structure provided on the top of the top plate 1011. At the same time, it also Able to protect the mounting bracket 901.
  • the bracket body 10 further includes a plurality of reinforcing ribs 104, which are clamped between the top plate 1011 and the bottom plate 1013.
  • the side of the reinforcing ribs 104 facing the side plate 1012 is opposite to the side plate 1012. connect.
  • the mounting frame 901 includes oppositely arranged two side connecting plates 903 and a connecting horizontal plate 904 connected between the two side connecting plates 903.
  • the connecting horizontal plate 904 is located at the first end of the mounting frame 901 and is connected to the sides on both sides.
  • the recessed portion 905 is used to accommodate the reinforcing rib plate 104.
  • the end of the side connecting plate 903 is attached to and detachably connected to the side of the top plate 1011 facing the bottom plate 1013.
  • the connecting cross plate 904 is attached to and detachably connected to the side of the reinforcing rib plate 104 away from the side plate 1012 .
  • the connecting horizontal plate 904 is connected between the two side connecting plates 903 to connect the two isolated side connecting plates 903 into an integral structure to facilitate the connection between the mounting bracket 901 and the longitudinal beam 101.
  • the recessed portion 905 can avoid the reinforcing rib 104, so that the connection between the mounting bracket 901 and the longitudinal beam 101 can be easily realized without affecting the reinforcing effect of the longitudinal beam 101.
  • connecting the connecting transverse plate 904 to the reinforcing rib plate 104 increases the connection points between the mounting frame 901 and the longitudinal beam 101, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the connection between the mounting frame 901 and the longitudinal beam 101, thereby ensuring visual recognition. Component 90 reliability.
  • the mounting frame 901 also includes a middle connecting plate 906 connected between the two side connecting plates 903.
  • the middle connecting plate 906 is connected to the bottom of the side connecting plates 903, and both ends of the middle connecting plate 906 Connected to the connecting horizontal plate 904 and the mounting plate 902 respectively.
  • the middle connecting plate 906 is connected between the side connecting plates 903, which can improve the stability of the mounting bracket 901 and ensure the strength of the mounting bracket 901, thereby ensuring the reliability of the visual recognition component 90.
  • the side connecting plate 903 is an L-shaped structure and includes horizontal connecting portions 9031 and vertical connecting portions connected end to end. portion 9032, and the two ends of the connecting horizontal plate 904 are connected between the vertical connecting portions 9032 of the two side connecting plates 903.
  • the side connecting plates 903 and/or the middle connection A plurality of weight-reducing holes 907 are spaced on the plate 906 .
  • a plurality of weight-reducing holes 907 are provided on the horizontal connecting portion 9031 and the middle connecting plate 906 .
  • a bending portion 9033 is formed on the side of the horizontal connecting portion 9031 away from the vertical connecting portion 9032.
  • the bending portion 9033 is opposite to the vertical connecting portion 9032 and moves from the horizontal connecting portion 9031 toward the bottom plate. 1013 direction extension.
  • the bent portion 9033 can play a structural strengthening role in the side connecting plate 903, which is beneficial to improving the overall strength of the mounting bracket 901, thereby helping to ensure the reliability of the visual recognition component 90.
  • the parking positioning of electric vehicles can be realized by arranging the visual recognition component 90.
  • the outer wall of the warehouse of the power swap station is provided with visual equipment.
  • the driving channel of the power swap station is provided with a preset power swap position.
  • the electric vehicle and power swap equipment are located in the preset power swap position.
  • the battery swap operation can be performed at any location. To facilitate parking, the battery swap operation can be performed even when the electric vehicle is parked within the preset parking range.
  • the visual device obtains the position of the electric vehicle by identifying the visual recognition component 90, and can then easily determine whether the electric vehicle is parked within the preset parking range. If the electric vehicle is parked within the preset parking range, the battery swap operation can be performed. If the electric vehicle is parked within the preset parking range, the power exchange operation can be performed.
  • the visual identification component 90 also includes a fixed plate and an identification label.
  • the fixed plate is connected to the installation plate 902.
  • a through hole is provided on the fixed plate.
  • the identification label has a reflective coating that can be recognized by visual equipment.
  • the identification label is attached to the installation plate. 902, and the identification label corresponds to the position of the through hole to form a visual identification point at the through hole.
  • the installation stability of the identification label can be improved by providing a fixed plate.
  • the fixed plate is used to press the edge of the identification label to prevent the identification label from falling off.
  • a through hole is opened on the fixed plate to leak out the identification label so that the identification label can be recognized by the visual device.
  • the identification label has a reflective coating that can be recognized by the visual device, making it easy to be recognized by the visual device.
  • the visual recognition component 90 is electrically connected to the control unit of the power swap station.
  • the control unit stores a reference image.
  • the visual recognition component 90 transmits the recognized real-time image to the control unit.
  • the control unit compares the reference image with the real-time image. If the error rate is within a predetermined range, the electric vehicle is parked in the preset parking range. Within, the control unit sends a battery swap command, and the battery swap station starts the regular battery swap process. If the comparison result shows that the error rate exceeds the predetermined range, the electric vehicle does not park within the preset parking range, and the control unit issues an adjustment command accordingly, and adjusts the electric vehicle accordingly.
  • the position of the vehicle or the parking position of the power-swapping equipment must be aligned with each other before the power-swapping operation is performed.
  • the visual recognition component 90 and the quick-change bracket 1 with the visual recognition component 90 in this embodiment can be implemented independently in actual applications, and this embodiment is not specifically limited.
  • the quick-change bracket 1 of this embodiment is substantially the same as the quick-change bracket 1 of Embodiment 1, except that:
  • the quick-change bracket 1 also includes a guard plate (not shown in the figure), which is connected to at least one end of the bracket body 10 in the width direction of the electric vehicle.
  • a guard plate (not shown in the figure), which is connected to at least one end of the bracket body 10 in the width direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the guard plate is located above the locking mechanism.
  • the corresponding locking mechanism (the primary locking mechanism 20 and/or the secondary locking mechanism 30) can be blocked, thereby preventing foreign matter from entering the locking mechanism. It can effectively protect the locking mechanism on the bracket body 10 and help improve the locking stability.
  • One end of the guard plate is connected to the bracket body 10 , and the guard plate extends toward the outside of the bracket body 10 and gradually slopes downward in the extension direction.
  • the downward inclination of the guard plate allows foreign objects falling on the guard plate 50 to slide off quickly, effectively preventing debris from accumulating on the upper surface of the guard plate.
  • the guard plate may not be inclined but extend horizontally.
  • the guard plate may extend to cover the entire longitudinal beam 101 of the quick-change bracket 1, or may only cover a part of the longitudinal beam 101.
  • the guard plate can cover the locking mechanism and improve the locking stability.
  • the tilt of the guard plate can prevent debris from accumulating on the upper surface of the guard plate.
  • the lower edge of the guard plate is not lower than the lower surface of the locking mechanism or not lower than the lower surface of the longitudinal beam 101 of the quick-change bracket 1 .
  • the guard plate in order to avoid the tilt of the guard plate from interfering with the battery pack entering and exiting the bottom of the electric vehicle and the engagement of the battery pack with the locking mechanism, when the distance between the outer edges of the two guard plates on both sides is less than the width of the battery pack, the guard plate The lower edge of the plate is not lower than the lower surface of the longitudinal beam 101 of the quick-change bracket 1, which can prevent the guard plate from interfering with the battery pack entering and exiting the bottom of the electric vehicle and the engagement of the battery pack with the locking mechanism.
  • the lower edge of the guard plate is not lower than the lower surface of the locking mechanism, which can prevent the guard plate from interfering with the battery pack entering and exiting the bottom of the electric vehicle and the battery.
  • the bag engages the locking mechanism.
  • quick-change bracket 1 in this embodiment can be implemented independently in actual applications, and this embodiment is not specifically limited.

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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆。快换支架包括：支架本体（10），固定于车梁（2）；一级锁止机构（20），设置在支架本体（10）上，一级锁止机构（20）具有一级空腔（201）；二级锁止机构（30），设置在支架本体（10）上并与一级锁止机构（20）间隔设置，二级锁止机构（30）具有二级空腔（301）。锁止状态时，一级锁止件（3）被锁定在一级空腔（201）内，二级锁止件（4）被限位在二级空腔（301）内。自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，二级锁止机构（30）解除对二级锁止件（4）的限位先于解除一级锁止机构（20）对一级锁止件（3）的锁定。自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，二级锁止机构（30）对二级锁止件（4）的限位和一级锁止机构（20）对一级锁止件（3）的锁定同步进行。二级锁止机构使得电池包不易脱落。需锁定时，操作方便，有利于提高电池包的安装效率和安装可靠性。

Description

电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆
本申请要求申请日为2022年6月27日的中国专利申请202210743812X的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车辆的换电领域，特别涉及一种电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆。
背景技术
现有的电动车辆的电池包安装方式一般分为固定式和可换式，其中固定式的电池包一般固定在汽车上，充电时直接以汽车作为充电对象。而可换式的电池包，一般采用活动安装的方式，电池包可以随时取下并更换新的电池包，当采用该种活动安装方式安装电池包时，一般将电池包上的锁轴锁止安装于电动车辆底部的锁止机构上。
在更换新的电池包的过程中，涉及到电池包的锁止和解锁。一般而言，电池包的左右两侧安装有锁止件(通常是锁轴)。锁止机构固定在快换支架上以组装成快换支架组件，快换支架组件安装到电动车辆的底盘上。锁轴与锁止机构配合，实现电池包的锁止。
而现有的锁与锁止机构在锁止配合时，锁舌将会始终紧密抵靠于锁轴以阻止锁轴在锁槽内移动以防止脱离出锁基座的锁槽内。由于电动车辆在行驶的过程中易造成晃动现象，以及电池包的重量较大，存在锁舌在使用过程中锁止可靠性不稳定，锁止机构易失效的现象。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中锁舌在使用过程中锁止可靠性不稳定、锁止机构易失效的现象的缺陷，提供一种电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种电动车辆用快换支架，用于固定在电动车辆的车梁上并用于安装电池包，所述快换支架包括：
支架本体，固定于所述车梁；
一级锁止机构，设置在所述支架本体上，所述一级锁止机构具有一级空腔；
二级锁止机构，设置在所述支架本体上并与所述一级锁止机构间隔设置，所述二级锁止机构具有二级空腔；
其中，当所述电池包处于锁止状态时，一级锁止件被所述一级机构锁定在所述一级空腔内，二级锁止件被限位在所述二级空腔内；
当所述电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，所述二级锁止机构解除对所述二级锁止件的限位先于所述一级锁止机构解除对所述一级锁止件的锁定；
当所述电池包自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，所述二级锁止机构对所述二级锁止件的限位 和所述一级锁止机构对所述一级锁止件的锁定同步进行。
在本方案中，二级锁止机构不会将二级锁止件锁定，而仅是对二级锁止件进行限位，当一级锁止机构失效时，二级锁止机构对电池包起到保护作用和支撑作用，使得电池包不至于脱落，提高了锁舌在使用过程中的锁止可靠性，从而对电池包起到很好的保护作用。当需要将电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，在解锁机构的作用下，二级锁止机构可首先解除对二级锁止件的限位，随后才是一级锁止机构解除对一级锁止件的锁定，二级锁止机构不会影响一级锁止机构的解锁操作，解锁顺畅可靠。而在电池包自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，一级锁止机构对一级锁止件的锁定与二级锁止机构对二级锁止件的限位又是同步的，操作方便，有利于提高电池包的安装效率和安装可靠性。
优选地，所述一级锁止机构包括一级锁连杆、一级锁基座和一级锁舌，所述一级锁基座安装于所述支架本体并设有一级开口及自所述一级开口延伸的所述一级空腔，所述一级开口用于供所述一级锁止件进入所述一级空腔，所述一级锁连杆用于在外力的作用下带动所述一级锁舌相对于所述一级锁基座运动，以使所述一级锁舌相对于所述一级锁基座在锁止状态和解锁状态之间变化；
所述二级锁止机构包括二级锁连杆、二级锁基座和二级锁舌，所述二级锁基座安装于所述支架本体并设有二级开口及自所述二级开口延伸的所述二级空腔，所述二级开口用于供所述二级锁止件进入所述二级空腔，所述二级锁连杆用于在外力的作用下带动所述二级锁舌相对于所述二级锁基座运动，以使所述二级锁舌相对于所述二级锁基座在锁止状态和解锁状态之间变化；
其中，当所述电池包处于锁止状态时，所述一级锁止件位于所述一级空腔内并抵接于所述一级锁舌，所述二级锁止件位于所述二级空腔内并与所述二级锁舌之间形成有间隙，所述间隙被配置为能够限制所述二级锁止件自所述二级空腔离开。
在本方案中，设置上述间隙，使得二级锁舌不会将二级锁止件锁定，而仅是对二级锁止件进行限位。当需要将电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态时，在解锁机构的作用下，如同时通过解锁顶杆作用于一级锁连杆和二级锁连杆，解锁顶杆可直接将锁连杆顶起，从而解除对二级锁止件的限位；而由于一级锁止件与一级锁舌抵接，解锁顶杆不能直接将一级锁连杆顶起，需要在换电设备的作用下带动电池包朝着背离一级锁舌的方向移动，以使一级锁止件与一级锁舌形成有一定间距，该间距到位的瞬间，解锁顶杆便能够将一级锁连杆顶起。同时，二级锁舌与二级锁止件之间具有间隙而不接触，使得二级锁舌在使用过程中二级锁止件不易对其造成破坏，二级锁舌不易受到撞击摩擦，保证了二级锁止机构的稳定可靠性，大大提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。
优选地，所述间隙不小于2mm且不大于所述二级锁止件的半径。
在本方案中，将间隙设置在上述范围内，既能够在需要解除对二级锁止件的限位时方便进行及时的解除限位操作，同时又不会在需要对二级锁止件进行限位时，使得二级锁止件自该间隙滑出二级空腔，确保对二级锁止件限位稳定可靠。
优选地，所述二级锁止机构还包括连接座，所述连接座安装在所述支架本体上与所述二级锁基座间隔设置，所述二级锁连杆沿长度方向具有第一端和第二端，所述二级锁连杆的第一端连接所述二级锁舌，所述二级锁连杆的第二端连接所述连接座，所述连接座被配置为允许所述二级锁连杆的第一端 相对于所述二级锁基座转动。
在本方案中，连接座能够将二级锁连杆的第二端连接到支架本体，同时又协助实现二级锁连杆相对于锁基座的转动，以实现对二级锁止件的限位或解除对二级锁止件的限位。
优选地，所述连接座与所述二级锁基座的结构相同。
在本方案中，采用上述结构设置，使得连接座和二级锁基座的结构相同，有利于保证对电池包的支撑和限位效果，相应地，也提高了锁基座的适用范围，利于节约成本。
优选地，所述二级锁止机构还包括连接锁舌，所述连接锁舌与所述连接座连接，所述二级锁连杆的第二端连接于所述连接锁舌；
其中，所述连接锁舌的结构与所述二级锁舌的结构相同。
在本方案中，采用上述结构设置，使得二级锁连杆两端的结构相同，有利于进一步保证对电池包的支撑和限位效果，同时也有利于保证一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构的锁止同步性。
优选地，所述一级锁连杆朝向所述一级锁基座的一侧具有向外延伸凸起的一级解锁部，所述二级锁连杆朝向所述二级锁基座的一侧具有向外延伸凸起的二级解锁部，所述一级解锁部和所述二级解锁部分别用于供解锁机构抵靠作用以驱动对应的所述一级锁连杆和二级锁连杆运动，并带动对应的所述一级锁舌和所述二级锁舌打开。
在本方案中，采用上述结构设置，解锁方便，有利于提高电池包的解锁效率。
优选地，所述一级锁基座、所述二级锁基座和所述连接座的一端连接于所述支架本体，另一端延伸至所述支架本体的下方，所述一级锁基座的下方设有所述一级开口，所述一级开口和所述一级空腔沿所述一级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述一级锁基座，所述二级锁基座和所述连接座的下方设有二级开口，所述二级开口和所述二级空腔沿所述二级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述二级锁基座。
在本方案中，电池包通过支架本体固定至电动车辆，一级开口和二级开口设置在下方，电池包通过下方的开口进入相应的空腔，从而将电池包锁止在空腔内，避免了电池包自空腔的侧面进入空腔，能够避免锁止件自空腔的一侧滑出，能够提高电池包锁止的安全性。
优选地，所述快换支架还包括支撑座，所述支撑座设置在所述支架本体上并与所述一级锁止机构、所述二级锁止机构间隔设置；
所述支撑座具有支撑开口及自所述支撑开口延伸的支撑空腔，所述支撑开口用于供安装于所述电池包上的三级锁止件进入所述支撑空腔，以支撑所述三级锁止件。
在本方案中，支撑座能够通过三级锁止件对电池包进行可靠地支撑，有助于将电池包进一步可靠地安装于支架本体。
优选地，所述支撑座的一端连接于所述支架本体，另一端延伸至所述支架本体的下方，所述支撑座的下方设有所述支撑开口，所述支撑开口和所述支撑空腔沿所述三级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述支撑座，所述支撑开口和所述支撑空腔沿所述三级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述支撑座。
在本方案中，电池包通过支架本体固定至电动车辆，支撑开口设置在下方，电池包通过下方的支撑开口进入相应的空腔，从而通过将三级锁止件支撑在支撑空腔内实现对电池包的支撑，避免了电池 包自支撑空腔的侧面进入支撑空腔，能够避免三级锁止件自支撑空腔的一侧滑出，能够保证对电池包提供稳定支撑，有助于进一步提高电池包锁止的安全性。
优选地，所述快换支架还包括挡板组件，所述挡板组件至少包括挡板，所述挡板连接于所述支架本体在所述电动车辆的长度方向上的至少一端，所述挡板的一端与所述支架本体连接，所述挡板的另一端向所述支架本体的外侧延伸。
在本方案中，该快换支架在支架本体在电动车辆的长度方向上的至少一端设有挡板，因此可以阻止电动车辆的车轮的泥水溅到挡板后方的安装于快换支架上的电池包，从而有效解决电池包被异物侵扰的问题，能够有效保护电池包，且有助于提高电池包与快换支架的锁止稳定性。
优选地，所述快换支架还包括护板，所述护板连接于所述支架本体在所述电动车辆的宽度方向上的至少一端。
在本方案中，通过设置护板，可以遮挡锁止机构，从而可以避免异物进入锁止机构，可以有效保护支架本体上的锁止机构，利于提高锁止稳定性。
优选地，所述支架本体靠近所述电动车辆的车头的一侧开设有第一定位孔，所述支架本体靠近所述电动车辆的车尾的一侧开设有第二定位孔，所述第一定位孔和所述第二定位孔用于供换电设备上的定位销自下至上插入。
在本方案中，通过在支架本体上设置与换电设备上的定位销配合的第一定位孔和第二定位孔，可以实现换电设备与支架本体的定位对准和相对固定，从而使得换电设备在换电时，不会相对于支架本体产生位移，保证了快换支架上的电池包的拆装的顺利进行。
优选地，所述支架本体包括横梁、纵梁和立柱，所述纵梁沿所述电动车辆的长度方向延伸，所述纵梁固定至所述电动车辆的车梁上，所述横梁通过所述立柱与所述纵梁连接，所述纵梁、所述立柱和所述横梁依次连接围成矩形框架，所述立柱上开设有对应的所述第一定位孔或所述第二定位孔；
其中，所述一级锁止机构和所述二级锁止机构设置在所述纵梁上。
在本方案中，通过将第一定位孔和第二定位孔设置在对应的立柱上能够避免定位销插入后与横梁和纵梁上的零部件发生干涉。
优选地，靠近所述电动车辆的车尾的一端的立柱的下表面在高度方向上高于靠近所述电动车辆的车头的一端的立柱的下表面。
在本方案中，采用上述结构设置，在靠近电动车辆的车头一端的立柱较长的情况下，缩短靠近电动车辆的车尾一端的立柱，从而在确保换电设备与支架本体稳定定位的同时，能够避免换电设备上的电池包在安装入快换支架时与第立柱发生干涉。
优选地，所述快换支架还包括转接件，所述转接件包括基座和设置在所述基座上的凸起部，所述基座和所述凸起部这两者中的一个与所述支架本体连接，另一个与所述电动车辆的车梁连接。
在本方案中，可以通过选择具有不同凸起部高度的转接件，实现同一快换支架与不同车型的电动车辆的装配，避免一个车型需要设计一款快换支架，提高了快换支架的通用性。
优选地，所述快换支架还包括视觉识别组件，所述视觉识别组件包括安装架和安装板，所述安装 架的第一端与所述支架本体连接、第二端延伸至所述支架本体的外侧，所述安装板连接于所述安装架延伸至所述支架本体的外侧一端的端部，所述安装板上设置有能够被视觉设备识别的视觉识别点。
在本方案中，通过设置视觉识别组件可以实现电动车辆的停车定位，通过设置视觉识别组件实现电动车辆停车定位可提高换电设备与电动车辆的定位对准精度，有助于提高换电成功率。通过安装架将安装板牢固地安装在纵梁上，保证了安装板在被换电设备上的视觉设备识别的过程中不发生位移，进而保证了换电设备的定位的精确度。视觉识别点使得安装板更容易被视觉设备识别。
优选地，所述支架本体至少包括纵梁，所述纵梁沿所述电动车辆的长度方向延伸，所述纵梁固定至所述车梁上；
所述纵梁包括顺次连接的顶板、侧板及底板，所述侧板与所述车梁固定连接，所述顶板和所述底板分别自所述侧板的两侧沿所述一级锁止件和所述二级锁止件的轴线方向向外延伸，所述一级锁止机构和所述二级锁止机构设于所述底板；
所述安装架的第一端贴合于并可拆卸连接于所述顶板朝向所述底板的一侧。
在本方案中，安装架的第一端连接在顶板和底板之间，不占用顶板的顶部的空间，不会与设置在顶板的顶部的外部结构产生干涉，同时，也能够保护安装架。
优选地，所述支架本体还包括多个加强筋板，所述加强筋板卡设于所述顶板和所述底板之间，所述加强筋板朝向所述侧板的一侧与所述侧板相连接；
所述安装架包括相对设置的两侧部连接板和连接在两所述侧部连接板之间的连接横板，所述连接横板位于所述安装架的第一端并与两侧的所述侧部连接部围成凹陷部，所述凹陷部用于容置所述加强筋板，所述侧部连接板的端部贴合于并可拆卸连接于所述顶板朝向所述底板的一侧；
和/或，
所述连接横板贴合于并可拆卸连接于所述加强筋板远离所述侧板的一侧。
在本方案中，连接横板连接在两侧部连接板之间，将两孤立的侧部连接板连接为一整体结构，便于实现安装架与纵梁的连接。另外，凹陷部能够避让加强筋板，使得能够在不影响纵梁加强效果的基础上方便实现安装架与纵梁的连接。另外，将连接横板连接在加强筋板上，增加了安装架与纵梁的连接点位，有利于提高安装架与纵梁连接的可靠性，进而有利于保证视觉识别组件的可靠性。
优选地，所述安装架还包括连接在两侧部连接板之间的中部连接板，所述中部连接板连接在所述侧部连接板的底部，且所述中部连接板的两端分别连接于所述连接横板和所述安装板。
在本方案中，中部连接板连接在侧部连接板之间，能够提高安装架的稳定性，同时也能够保证安装架的强度，从而有利于保证视觉识别组件的可靠性。
优选地，所述侧部连接板为L型结构并包括首尾相连的水平连接部和竖直连接部，所述连接横板的两端连接于两所述侧部连接板的竖直连接部之间；
和/或，
所述侧部连接板和/或所述中部连接板上间隔设置有多个减重孔。
在本方案中，设置减重孔能够减轻安装架的重量，从而有利于减轻快换支架的整体重量。
优选地，所述水平连接部背离所述竖直连接部的一侧还形成有折弯部，所述折弯部与所述竖直连接部相对设置并自所述水平连接部朝着靠近所述底板的方向延伸。
在本方案中，折弯部能够对侧部连接板起到结构加强作用，有利于提高安装架的整体强度，从而有利于保证视觉识别组件的可靠性。
本发明还提供一种电动车辆，其包括电池包和上述电池车辆用快换支架，所述电池包安装于所述支架本体。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
在该电动车辆用快换支架中，二级锁止机构不会将二级锁止件锁定，而仅是对二级锁止件进行限位，当一级锁止机构失效时，二级锁止机构对电池包起到保护作用和支撑作用，使得电池包不至于脱落，提高了锁舌在使用过程中的锁止可靠性，从而对电池包起到很好的保护作用。另外，当需要将电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，在解锁机构的作用下，二级锁止机构可首先解除对二级锁止件的限位，随后才是一级锁止机构解除对一级锁止件的锁定。而在电池包自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，一级锁止机构对一级锁止件的锁定与二级锁止机构对二级锁止件的限位又是同步的，操作方便，有利于提高电池包的安装效率和安装可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的整体结构示意图。
图2为图1中A部分的放大结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的另一整体结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的部分结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的一级锁止机构的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的二级锁止机构的结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的视觉识别组件的结构示意图。
图8为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的转接件在一个方向上的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的转接件在另一个方向上的结构示意图。
图10为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的转接件的支撑座的结构示意图。
图11为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的一级锁止机构对一级锁止件进行锁止的结构示意图。
图12为本发明实施例1的电动车辆用快换支架的二级锁止机构对二级锁止件进行限位的结构示意图。
图13为本发明实施例1的电动车辆的部分结构示意图，图中示出了快换支架与车梁的连接。
附图标记说明：
1快换支架；10支架本体；101纵梁；1011顶板；1012侧板；1013底板；102横梁；103立柱；
104加强筋板；20一级锁止机构；201一级空腔；
202一级锁连杆；203一级锁基座；204一级锁舌；205一级开口；206一级解锁部；30二级锁止
机构；301二级空腔；302二级锁连杆；303二级锁基座；304二级锁舌；305二级开口；306连接座；307连接锁舌；308二级解锁部；40支撑座；401支撑开口；402支撑空腔；50挡板；60第一定位孔；70第二定位孔；80转接件；801基座；802凸起部；803避让槽；804螺栓头；90视觉识别组件；901安装架；902安装板；903侧板连接板；9031水平连接部；9032竖直连接部；9033折弯部；904连接横板；905凹陷部；906中部连接板；907减重孔；2车梁；3一级锁止件；4二级锁止件。
具体实施方式
下面举个较佳实施例，并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明。
【实施例1】
如图1-13所示，本实施例揭示一种电动车辆用快换支架1及电动车辆。其中，电动车辆包括电池包和电动车辆用快换支架1。电动车辆用快换支架1用于固定在电动车辆的车梁2上并用于安装电池包。
具体地，如图1-3所示，快换支架1包括支架本体10、一级锁止机构20和二级锁止机构30。其中，支架本体10固定于车梁2。一级锁止机构20设置在支架本体10上，一级锁止机构20具有一级空腔201。二级锁止机构30设置在支架本体10上并与一级锁止机构20间隔设置，二级锁止机构30具有二级空腔301。其中，当电池包处于锁止状态时，一级锁止件3被一级机构锁定在一级空腔201内，二级锁止件4被限位在二级空腔301内。当电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，二级锁止机构30解除对二级锁止件4的限位先于一级锁止机构20解除对一级锁止件3的锁定。当电池包自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，二级锁止机构30对二级锁止件4的限位和一级锁止机构20对一级锁止件3的锁定同步进行。
在本实施例中，二级锁止机构30不会将二级锁止件4锁定，而仅是对二级锁止件4进行限位，当一级锁止机构20失效时，二级锁止机构30对电池包起到保护作用和支撑作用，使得电池包不至于脱落，提高了锁舌在使用过程中的锁止可靠性，从而对电池包起到很好的保护作用。当需要将电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，在解锁机构的作用下，二级锁止机构30可首先解除对二级锁止件4的限位，随后才是一级锁止机构20解除对一级锁止件3的锁定，二级锁止机构30不会影响一级锁止机构20的解锁操作，解锁顺畅可靠。而在电池包自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，一级锁止机构20对一级锁止件3的锁定与二级锁止机构30对二级锁止件4的限位又是同步的，操作方便，有利于提高电池包的安装效率和安装可靠性。
在优选的实施例中，如图1-6所示，一级锁止机构20包括一级锁连杆202、一级锁基座203和一级锁舌204，一级锁基座203安装于支架本体10并设有一级开口205及自一级开口205延伸的一级空腔201，一级开口205用于供一级锁止件3进入一级空腔201，一级锁连杆202用于在外力的作用下带动一级锁舌204相对于一级锁基座203运动，以使一级锁舌204相对于一级锁基座203在锁止状态和解锁状态之间变化。二级锁止机构30包括二级锁连杆302、二级锁基座303和二级锁舌304，二 级锁基座303安装于支架本体10并设有二级开口305及自二级开口305延伸的二级空腔301，二级开口305用于供二级锁止件4进入二级空腔301，二级锁连杆302用于在外力的作用下带动二级锁舌304相对于二级锁基座303运动，以使二级锁舌304相对于二级锁基座303在锁止状态和解锁状态之间变化。其中，当电池包处于锁止状态时，一级锁止件3位于一级空腔201内并抵接于一级锁舌204，二级锁止件4位于二级空腔301内并与二级锁舌304之间形成有间隙，间隙被配置为能够限制二级锁止件4自二级空腔301离开。
其中，上述间隙的设置，使得二级锁舌304不会将二级锁止件4锁定，而仅是对二级锁止件4进行限位。当需要将电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态时，在解锁机构的作用下，如同时通过解锁顶杆作用于一级锁连杆202和二级锁连杆302，解锁顶杆可直接将锁连杆顶起，从而解除对二级锁止件4的限位；而由于一级锁止件3与一级锁舌204抵接，解锁顶杆不能直接将一级锁连杆202顶起，需要在换电设备的作用下带动电池包朝着背离一级锁舌204的方向移动，以使一级锁止件3与一级锁舌204形成有一定间距，该间距到位的瞬间，解锁顶杆便能够将一级锁连杆202顶起。同时，二级锁舌304与二级锁止件4之间具有间隙而不接触，使得二级锁舌304在使用过程中二级锁止件4不易对其造成破坏，二级锁舌304不易受到撞击摩擦，保证了二级锁止机构30的稳定可靠性，大大提高了电动汽车的安全稳定性。
在优选的实施例中，间隙不小于2mm且不大于二级锁止件4的半径。在此，将间隙设置在上述范围内，既能够在需要解除对二级锁止件4的限位时方便进行及时的解除限位操作，同时又不会在需要对二级锁止件4进行限位时，使得二级锁止件4自该间隙滑出二级空腔301，即二级锁止件4可以可靠地被限位在二级空腔301内，确保对二级锁止件4限位稳定可靠。
在优选的实施例中，二级锁止机构30还包括连接座306，连接座306安装在支架本体10上与二级锁基座303间隔设置，二级锁连杆302沿长度方向具有第一端和第二端，二级锁连杆302的第一端连接二级锁舌304，二级锁连杆302的第二端连接连接座306，连接座306被配置为允许二级锁连杆302的第一端相对于二级锁基座303转动。
在本实施例中，连接座306能够将二级锁连杆302的第二端连接到支架本体10，同时又协助实现二级锁连杆302相对于二级锁基座303的转动，以实现对二级锁止件4的限位或解除对二级锁止件4的限位。
其中，在优选的实施例中，连接座306与二级锁基座303的结构相同。在此，使得连接座306和二级锁基座303的结构相同，有利于保证对电池包的支撑和限位效果，相应地，也提高了二级锁基座303的适用范围，利于节约成本。
在优选的实施例中，二级锁止机构30还包括连接锁舌307，连接锁舌307与连接座306连接，二级锁连杆302的第二端连接于连接锁舌307；
其中，连接锁舌307的结构与二级锁舌304的结构相同。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，如图1-6所示，在一级锁止机构20中，一级锁连杆202连接有三个一级锁基座203；在二级锁止机构30中，二级锁连杆302连接有一个二级锁基座303和一个连 接座306。连接座306和连接锁舌307的结构优选采用分别与二级锁基座303和连接锁舌307相同的结构。
在本实施例中，采用上述结构设置，使得二级锁连杆302两端的结构相同，有利于进一步保证对电池包的支撑和限位效果，同时也有利于保证一级锁止机构20和二级锁止机构30的锁止同步性。
在其他可替代的实施例中，可以将连接座306设置为任何可以适用于此的结构，只要能够保证二级锁连杆302能够带动二级锁舌304相对于二级锁基座303可靠转动即可。
另外需要说明的是，二级锁止机构30的二级锁连杆302连接的结构件也可以包括两个及以上的二级锁基座303和/或两个及以上的连接座306，在此不作具体限制。在此，将二级锁基座303和连接座306的数量各设置为一个，能够在实现对电池包可靠限位的基础上，降低成本。
同样如图1-6所示，在优选的实施例中，一级锁连杆202朝向一级锁基座203的一侧具有向外延伸凸起的一级解锁部206，二级锁连杆302朝向二级锁基座303的一侧具有向外延伸凸起的二级解锁部308，一级解锁部206和二级解锁部308分别用于供解锁机构抵靠作用以驱动对应的一级锁连杆202和二级锁连杆302运动，并带动对应的一级锁舌204和二级锁舌304打开。在本实施例中，采用上述结构设置，解锁方便，有利于提高电池包的解锁效率。
进一步地，需要说明的是，上述实施例中的具有一级锁止机构20和二级锁止机构30的快换支架1在实际应用中可以单独实施，上述实施例并不做具体限定。
在优选的实施例中，同样如图6所示，一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303和连接座306的一端连接于支架本体10，另一端延伸至支架本体10的下方，一级锁基座203的下方设有一级开口205，一级开口205和一级空腔201沿一级锁止件3的轴线方向贯穿一级锁基座203，二级锁基座303和连接座306的下方设有二级开口305，二级开口305和二级空腔301沿二级锁止件4的轴线方向贯穿二级锁基座303。
在本实施例中，电池包通过支架本体10固定至电动车辆，一级开口205和二级开口305设置在下方，电池包通过下方的开口进入相应的空腔，从而将电池包锁止在空腔内，避免了电池包自空腔的侧面进入空腔，能够避免锁止件自空腔的一侧滑出，能够提高电池包锁止的安全性。
在本实施例中，为便于拆装维护，一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303和连接座306分别可拆卸地连接在支架本体10上。需要说明的是，在其他可替代的实施例中，为提高安装强度及稳定性，也可将一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303和连接座306设置为与支架本体10一体成型。或者，将一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303和连接座306中的一部分设置为与支架本体10一体成型，本实施例并不做具体限定。为了实现对电池包的可靠地支撑，以将电池包进一步可靠地安装于支架本体10上，如图1-4和图10所示，快换支架1还包括支撑座40，支撑座40设置在支架本体10上并与一级锁止机构20、二级锁止机构30间隔设置。具体地，支撑座40具有支撑开口401及自支撑开口401延伸的支撑空腔402，支撑开口401用于供安装于电池包上的三级锁止件进入支撑空腔402，以支撑三级锁止件。
与前述一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303和连接座306类似，在优选的实施例中，支撑座40的一 端连接于支架本体10，另一端延伸至支架本体10的下方，支撑座40的下方设有支撑开口401，支撑开口401和支撑空腔402沿三级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿支撑座40，支撑开口401和支撑空腔402沿三级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿支撑座40。
相应地，在本实施例中，支撑座40通过连接结构安装在支架本体10上。在其他可替代的实施例中，支撑座40与支架本体10一体成型。在此，电池包通过支架本体10固定至电动车辆，支撑开口401设置在下方，电池包通过下方的支撑开口401进入相应的空腔，从而通过将三级锁止件支撑在支撑空腔402内实现对电池包的支撑，避免了电池包自支撑空腔402的侧面进入支撑空腔402，能够避免三级锁止件自支撑空腔402的一侧滑出，能够保证对电池包提供稳定支撑，有助于进一步提高电池包锁止的安全性。
进一步优选地，一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303、连接座306和支撑座40均采用相同的结构，能够提高锁基座的适用范围，利于节约成本。
更进一步地，需要说明的是，一级锁止件3、二级锁止件4和三级锁止件均为连接到电池包上的锁轴。而各锁轴通常是相对于电池包位于同一高度的，因此，一级锁基座203、二级锁基座303、连接座306和支撑座40，优选地，相对于支架本体10也位于同一高度。
进一步地，需要说明的是，上述实施例中的一级锁止机构20、二级锁止机构30和支撑座40在实际应用中均可以单独实施，上述实施例并不做具体限定。
在优选的实施例中，如图1-3所示，快换支架1还包括挡板组件，挡板组件至少包括挡板50，挡板50连接于支架本体10在电动车辆的长度方向上的至少一端，挡板50的一端与支架本体10连接，挡板50的另一端向支架本体10的外侧延伸。
其中，该快换支架1在支架本体10在电动车辆的长度方向上的至少一端设有挡板50，因此可以阻止电动车辆的车轮的泥水溅到挡板50后方的安装于快换支架1上的电池包，从而有效解决电池包被异物侵扰的问题，能够有效保护电池包，且有助于提高电池包与快换支架1的锁止稳定性。
需要说明的是，本实施例的图1、图3-4中仅示出了靠近车头方向的一端具有挡板50。
进一步地，挡板50在向外延伸的方向上朝向远离电动车辆的车头的方向或远离电动车辆的车尾的方向倾斜。其中，将挡板50设置为向后倾斜，一方面能够减小风阻，另一方面有助于落到挡板50上的异物快速滑落，避免异物沉积在挡板50上。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的具有挡板组件的快换支架1在实际应用中可以单独实施，本述实施例并不做具体限定。
在优选的实施例中，如图1-3所示，支架本体10靠近电动车辆的车头的一侧开设有第一定位孔60，支架本体10靠近电动车辆的车尾的一侧开设有第二定位孔70，第一定位孔60和第二定位孔70用于供换电设备上的定位销自下至上插入。
在本实施例中，通过在支架本体10上设置与换电设备上的定位销配合的第一定位孔60和第二定位孔70，可以实现换电设备与支架本体10的定位对准和相对固定，从而使得换电设备在换电时，不会相对于支架本体10产生位移，保证了快换支架1上的电池包的拆装的顺利进行。
在优选的实施例中，第一定位孔60和第二定位孔70中的一个为圆孔，另一个为腰型孔。在本实施例中，支架本体10的前后定位孔分别为圆孔和腰孔，腰型孔能够方便定位销与定位孔快速对准，有助于提高对准效率，且可以避免换电设备与电动车辆用快换支架1之间的过定位，圆孔能够在定位销插入其中后使定位销相对固定，避免发生位移偏差，确保定位对准精度。
在优选的实施例中，支架本体10包括横梁102、纵梁101和立柱103，纵梁101沿电动车辆的长度方向延伸，纵梁101固定至电动车辆的车梁2上，横梁102通过立柱103与纵梁101连接，纵梁101、立柱103和横梁102依次连接围成矩形框架，立柱103上开设有对应的第一定位孔60或第二定位孔70；
其中，一级锁止机构20和二级锁止机构30设置在纵梁101上。
在本实施例中，通过将第一定位孔60和第二定位孔70设置在对应的立柱103上能够避免定位销插入后与横梁102和纵梁101上的零部件发生干涉。
在优选的实施例中，靠近电动车辆的车尾的一端的立柱103的下表面在高度方向上高于靠近电动车辆的车头的一端的立柱103的下表面。
在本实施例中，采用上述结构设置，在靠近电动车辆的车头一端的立柱103较长的情况下，缩短靠近电动车辆的车尾一端的立柱103，从而在确保换电设备与支架本体10稳定定位的同时，能够避免换电设备上的电池包在安装入快换支架1时与第立柱103发生干涉。
具体地，如图1-3所示，在本实施例中，位于靠近电动车辆的车头一端的立柱103上的定位孔为第一定位孔60，且为腰型孔，位于靠近电动车辆的车尾一端的立柱103上的定位孔为第二定位孔70，且为圆孔。在其他可替代的实施例中，也可将位于靠近电动车辆的车头一端的立柱103上的定位孔设置为圆孔，将位于靠近电动车辆的车尾一端的立柱103上的定位孔设置为腰型孔，本实施例并不用于做具体限定。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的具有定位孔的快换支架1及前后立柱具有高度差的快换支架1在实际应用中均可以单独实施，本实施例并不做具体限定。
在优选的实施例中，如图1-4、图8和图9所示，快换支架1还包括转接件80，转接件80包括基座801和设置在基座801上的凸起部802，基座801和凸起部802这两者中的一个与支架本体10连接，另一个与电动车辆的车梁2连接。其中，可以通过选择具有不同凸起部802高度的转接件80，实现同一快换支架1与不同车型的电动车辆的装配，避免一个车型需要设计一款快换支架1，提高了快换支架1的通用性。
在优选的实施例中，转接件80在对应于凸起部802的相反侧形成避让槽803，避让槽803朝向凸起部802的凸起方向凹陷，避让槽803中设置贯穿到凸起部802表面的安装孔。
在此，在转接件80中设置凸起部802和避让槽803，可以留出螺栓头的容纳空间，使得螺栓头804可以容纳于避让槽803中，避免与车梁2产生干涉。其中，如图8-9所示，有两个螺栓头804位于避让槽803中。
需要说明的是，图1、图3-4所示，本实施例中的快换支架1中设置有六个转接件80，快换支架 1每一侧设置有三个转接件80，且两侧的转接件相对设置。且凸起部802与支架本体10连接，基座801用于与电动车辆的车梁2连接。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的具有转接件80的快换支架1在实际应用中可以单独实施，本实施例并不做具体限定。
在优选的实施例中，如图1-4和图7所示，快换支架1还包括视觉识别组件90，视觉识别组件90包括安装架901和安装板902，安装架901的第一端与支架本体10连接、第二端延伸至支架本体10的外侧，安装板902连接于安装架901延伸至支架本体10的外侧一端的端部，安装板902上设置有能够被视觉设备识别的视觉识别点。其中，通过设置视觉识别组件90可以实现电动车辆的停车定位，通过设置视觉识别组件90实现电动车辆停车定位可提高换电设备与电动车辆的定位对准精度，有助于提高换电成功率。通过安装架901将安装板902牢固地安装在纵梁101上，保证了安装板902在被换电设备上的视觉设备识别的过程中不发生位移，进而保证了换电设备的定位的精确度。视觉识别点使得安装板902更容易被视觉设备识别。
在优选的实施例中，支架本体10的纵梁101包括顺次连接的顶板1011、侧板1012及底板1013，侧板1012与车梁2固定连接，顶板1011和底板1013分别自侧板1012的两侧沿一级锁止件3和二级锁止件4的轴线方向向外延伸，一级锁止机构20和二级锁止机构30设于底板1013。安装架901的第一端贴合于并可拆卸连接于顶板1011朝向底板1013的一侧。
在本实施例中，安装架901的第一端连接在顶板1011和底板1013之间，不占用顶板1011的顶部的空间，不会与设置在顶板1011的顶部的外部结构产生干涉，同时，也能够保护安装架901。
在优选的实施例中，支架本体10还包括多个加强筋板104，加强筋板104卡设于顶板1011和底板1013之间，加强筋板104朝向侧板1012的一侧与侧板1012相连接。安装架901包括相对设置的两侧部连接板903和连接在两侧部连接板903之间的连接横板904，连接横板904位于安装架901的第一端并与两侧的侧部连接部围成凹陷部905，凹陷部905用于容置加强筋板104，侧部连接板903的端部贴合于并可拆卸连接于顶板1011朝向底板1013的一侧。在进一步优选的实施例中，连接横板904贴合于并可拆卸连接于加强筋板104远离侧板1012的一侧。
其中，连接横板904连接在两侧部连接板903之间，将两孤立的侧部连接板903连接为一整体结构，便于实现安装架901与纵梁101的连接。另外，凹陷部905能够避让加强筋板104，使得能够在不影响纵梁101加强效果的基础上方便实现安装架901与纵梁101的连接。另外，将连接横板904连接在加强筋板104上，增加了安装架901与纵梁101的连接点位，有利于提高安装架901与纵梁101连接的可靠性，进而有利于保证视觉识别组件90的可靠性。
在优选的实施例中，安装架901还包括连接在两侧部连接板903之间的中部连接板906，中部连接板906连接在侧部连接板903的底部，且中部连接板906的两端分别连接于连接横板904和安装板902。其中，中部连接板906连接在侧部连接板903之间，能够提高安装架901的稳定性，同时也能够保证安装架901的强度，从而有利于保证视觉识别组件90的可靠性。
在优选的实施例中，侧部连接板903为L型结构并包括首尾相连的水平连接部9031和竖直连接 部9032，连接横板904的两端连接于两侧部连接板903的竖直连接部9032之间。
在优选的实施例中，如图1-3和图7所示，为了能够减轻安装架901的重量，以有利于减轻快换支架1的整体重量，在侧部连接板903和/或中部连接板906上间隔设置有多个减重孔907。在此，具体地，是在水平连接部9031上和中部连接板906上设置有多个减重孔907。
在优选的实施例中，水平连接部9031背离竖直连接部9032的一侧还形成有折弯部9033，折弯部9033与竖直连接部9032相对设置并自水平连接部9031朝着靠近底板1013的方向延伸。其中，折弯部9033能够对侧部连接板903起到结构加强作用，有利于提高安装架901的整体强度，从而有利于保证视觉识别组件90的可靠性。
通过设置视觉识别组件90可以实现电动车辆的停车定位，换电站的仓室外壁设置有视觉设备，换电站的行车通道上设置有预设换电位置，电动车辆和换电设备在预设换电位置进行换电操作，为方便停车，电动车辆停靠在预设停车范围内均可进行换电操作。视觉设备通过识别视觉识别组件90得到电动车辆的位置，进而可以方便地判断电动车辆是否停靠在预设停车范围内，如果电动车辆停靠在预设停车范围内，可进行换电操作，如果电动车辆没有停靠在预设停车范围内，则可以通过调整电动车辆的位置或换电设备的停靠位置使二者相互对准以进行换电操作，通过设置视觉识别组件90实现电动车辆停车定位可提高换电设备与电动车辆的定位对准精度，有助于提高换电成功率。通过安装架901将安装板902牢固地安装在纵梁101上，保证了安装板902在被换电设备上的视觉设备识别的过程中不发生位移，进而保证了换电设备的定位的精确度，视觉识别点使得安装板902更容易被视觉设备识别。
视觉识别组件90还包括固定板和识别标贴，固定板连接于安装板902，固定板上开设有通孔，识别标贴具有能够被视觉设备识别的反光涂层，识别标贴粘贴与安装板902上，且识别标贴与通孔位置相对应以在通孔处形成视觉识别点。
其中，通过设置固定板能够提高识别标贴的安装稳定性，固定板用于压住识别标贴的边缘，避免识别标贴脱落。固定板上开设通孔以漏出识别标贴使得识别标贴能够被视觉设备识别，识别标贴具有能够被视觉设备识别的反光涂层，使得其容易被视觉设备识别。
视觉识别组件90与换电站的控制单元电连接。控制单元中储存有基准图像，视觉识别组件90将识别到的实时图像传送到控制单元，控制单元将基准图像与实时图像进行对比，误差率在预定范围内，则电动车辆停靠在预设停车范围内，控制单元发送换电指令，换电站开始常规换电流程，若对比结果，误差率超出预定范围内，则电动车辆没有停靠在预设停车范围内，控制单元对应发出调整指令，对应调整电动车辆的位置或换电设备的停靠位置以使二者相互对准后再进行换电操作。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的视觉识别组件90及具有视觉识别组件90的快换支架1在实际应用中均可以单独实施，本实施例并不做具体限定。
进一步需要说明的是，本实施例中提及到的“可拆卸连接”均可通过螺栓或铆钉等紧固件实现。
【实施例2】
本实施例的快换支架1与实施例1的快换支架1大致相同，不同之处在于：
快换支架1还包括护板(图中未示出)，护板连接于支架本体10在电动车辆的宽度方向上的至少一端。其中，本实施例与实施例1中相同的附图标记指代相同的元件。
具体地，护板位于锁止机构上方，通过设置护板，可以遮挡相应的锁止机构(一级锁止机构20和/或二级锁止机构30)，从而可以避免异物进入锁止机构，可以有效保护支架本体10上的锁止机构，利于提高锁止稳定性。
护板的一端连接于支架本体10，且护板朝向支架本体10的外部延伸并在延伸方向上逐渐向下倾斜。护板向下倾斜可以使落到挡板50上的异物快速滑落，有效防止杂物堆积于护板的上表面。
在其他实施例中，护板也可以不倾斜而是水平延伸。护板可以延伸覆盖快换支架1的整个纵梁101，也可以仅仅覆盖纵梁101的一部分。
该护板可以遮挡锁止机构，提高锁定的稳定性，护板倾斜可以防止杂物堆积于护板的上表面。
在优选的实施例中，护板的下边缘不低于锁止机构的下表面或不低于快换支架1的纵梁101的下表面。
具体地，为避免护板倾斜后对电池包进出电动车辆底部及电池包与锁止机构接合造成干涉，当两侧的两个护板的外边缘之间的距离小于电池包的宽度时，护板的下边缘不低于快换支架1的纵梁101的下表面，可以避免护板干涉电池包进出电动车辆底部及电池包与锁止机构接合。当两侧的两个护板的外边缘之间的距离大于电池包的宽度时，护板的下边缘不低于锁止机构的下表面，可以避免护板干涉电池包进出电动车辆底部及电池包与锁止机构接合。
进一步地，需要说明的是，本实施例中的快换支架1在实际应用中可以单独实施，本实施例并不做具体限定。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式作出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电动车辆用快换支架，用于固定在电动车辆的车梁上并用于安装电池包，其特征在于，所述快换支架包括：
    支架本体，固定于所述车梁；
    一级锁止机构，设置在所述支架本体上，所述一级锁止机构具有一级空腔；
    二级锁止机构，设置在所述支架本体上并与所述一级锁止机构间隔设置，所述二级锁止机构具有二级空腔；
    其中，当所述电池包处于锁止状态时，一级锁止件被所述一级机构锁定在所述一级空腔内，二级锁止件被限位在所述二级空腔内；
    当所述电池包自锁止状态切换至解锁状态的过程中，所述二级锁止机构解除对所述二级锁止件的限位先于所述一级锁止机构解除对所述一级锁止件的锁定；
    当所述电池包自解锁状态切换至锁止状态的过程中，所述二级锁止机构对所述二级锁止件的限位和所述一级锁止机构对所述一级锁止件的锁定同步进行。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述一级锁止机构包括一级锁连杆、一级锁基座和一级锁舌，所述一级锁基座安装于所述支架本体并设有一级开口及自所述一级开口延伸的所述一级空腔，所述一级开口用于供所述一级锁止件进入所述一级空腔，所述一级锁连杆用于在外力的作用下带动所述一级锁舌相对于所述一级锁基座运动，以使所述一级锁舌相对于所述一级锁基座在锁止状态和解锁状态之间变化；
    所述二级锁止机构包括二级锁连杆、二级锁基座和二级锁舌，所述二级锁基座安装于所述支架本体并设有二级开口及自所述二级开口延伸的所述二级空腔，所述二级开口用于供所述二级锁止件进入所述二级空腔，所述二级锁连杆用于在外力的作用下带动所述二级锁舌相对于所述二级锁基座运动，以使所述二级锁舌相对于所述二级锁基座在锁止状态和解锁状态之间变化；
    其中，当所述电池包处于锁止状态时，所述一级锁止件位于所述一级空腔内并抵接于所述一级锁舌，所述二级锁止件位于所述二级空腔内并与所述二级锁舌之间形成有间隙，所述间隙被配置为能够限制所述二级锁止件自所述二级空腔离开。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述间隙不小于2mm且不大于所述二级锁止件的半径。
  4. 如权利要求2或3中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述二级锁止机构还包括连接座，所述连接座安装在所述支架本体上与所述二级锁基座间隔设置，所述二级锁连杆沿长度方向具有第一端和第二端，所述二级锁连杆的第一端连接所述二级锁舌，所述二级锁连杆的第二端连接所述连接座，所述连接座被配置为允许所述二级锁连杆的第一端相对于所述二级锁基座转动。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述连接座与所述二级锁基座的结构相同。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述二级锁止机构还包括连接锁舌， 所述连接锁舌与所述连接座连接，所述二级锁连杆的第二端连接于所述连接锁舌；
    其中，所述连接锁舌的结构与所述二级锁舌的结构相同。
  7. 如权利要求2-6中任意一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述一级锁连杆朝向所述一级锁基座的一侧具有向外延伸凸起的一级解锁部，所述二级锁连杆朝向所述二级锁基座的一侧具有向外延伸凸起的二级解锁部，所述一级解锁部和所述二级解锁部分别用于供解锁机构抵靠作用以驱动对应的所述一级锁连杆和二级锁连杆运动，并带动对应的所述一级锁舌和所述二级锁舌打开。
  8. 如权利要求4-6中任意一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述一级锁基座、所述二级锁基座和所述连接座的一端连接于所述支架本体，另一端延伸至所述支架本体的下方，所述一级锁基座的下方设有所述一级开口，所述一级开口和所述一级空腔沿所述一级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述一级锁基座，所述二级锁基座和所述连接座的下方设有二级开口，所述二级开口和所述二级空腔沿所述二级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述二级锁基座。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括支撑座，所述支撑座设置在所述支架本体上并与所述一级锁止机构、所述二级锁止机构间隔设置；
    所述支撑座具有支撑开口及自所述支撑开口延伸的支撑空腔，所述支撑开口用于供安装于所述电池包上的三级锁止件进入所述支撑空腔，以支撑所述三级锁止件。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述支撑座的一端连接于所述支架本体，另一端延伸至所述支架本体的下方，所述支撑座的下方设有所述支撑开口，所述支撑开口和所述支撑空腔沿所述三级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述支撑座，所述支撑开口和所述支撑空腔沿所述三级锁止件的轴线方向贯穿所述支撑座。
  11. 如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括挡板组件，所述挡板组件至少包括挡板，所述挡板连接于所述支架本体在所述电动车辆的长度方向上的至少一端，所述挡板的一端与所述支架本体连接，所述挡板的另一端向所述支架本体的外侧延伸。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括护板，所述护板连接于所述支架本体在所述电动车辆的宽度方向上的至少一端。
  13. 如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述支架本体靠近所述电动车辆的车头的一侧开设有第一定位孔，所述支架本体靠近所述电动车辆的车尾的一侧开设有第二定位孔，所述第一定位孔和所述第二定位孔用于供换电设备上的定位销自下至上插入，优选地，所述支架本体包括横梁、纵梁和立柱，所述纵梁沿所述电动车辆的长度方向延伸，所述纵梁固定至所述电动车辆的车梁上，所述横梁通过所述立柱与所述纵梁连接，所述纵梁、所述立柱和所述横梁依次连接围成矩形框架，所述立柱上开设有对应的所述第一定位孔或所述第二定位孔；
    其中，所述一级锁止机构和所述二级锁止机构设置在所述纵梁上。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，靠近所述电动车辆的车尾的一端的立柱的下表面在高度方向上高于靠近所述电动车辆的车头的一端的立柱的下表面。
  15. 如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括转 接件，所述转接件包括基座和设置在所述基座上的凸起部，所述基座和所述凸起部这两者中的一个与所述支架本体连接，另一个与所述电动车辆的车梁连接。
  16. 如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括视觉识别组件，所述视觉识别组件包括安装架和安装板，所述安装架的第一端与所述支架本体连接、第二端延伸至所述支架本体的外侧，所述安装板连接于所述安装架延伸至所述支架本体的外侧一端的端部，所述安装板上设置有能够被视觉设备识别的视觉识别点，优选地，所述支架本体至少包括纵梁，所述纵梁沿所述电动车辆的长度方向延伸，所述纵梁固定至所述车梁上；
    所述纵梁包括顺次连接的顶板、侧板及底板，所述侧板与所述车梁固定连接，所述顶板和所述底板分别自所述侧板的两侧沿所述一级锁止件和所述二级锁止件的轴线方向向外延伸，所述一级锁止机构和所述二级锁止机构设于所述底板；
    所述安装架的第一端贴合于并可拆卸连接于所述顶板朝向所述底板的一侧。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述支架本体还包括多个加强筋板，所述加强筋板卡设于所述顶板和所述底板之间，所述加强筋板朝向所述侧板的一侧与所述侧板相连接；
    所述安装架包括相对设置的两侧部连接板和连接在两所述侧部连接板之间的连接横板，所述连接横板位于所述安装架的第一端并与两侧的所述侧部连接部围成凹陷部，所述凹陷部用于容置所述加强筋板，所述侧部连接板的端部贴合于并可拆卸连接于所述顶板朝向所述底板的一侧；
    和/或，
    所述连接横板贴合于并可拆卸连接于所述加强筋板远离所述侧板的一侧。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，所述安装架还包括连接在两侧部连接板之间的中部连接板，所述中部连接板连接在所述侧部连接板的底部，且所述中部连接板的两端分别连接于所述连接横板和所述安装板。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电动车辆用快换支架，其特征在于，
    所述侧部连接板为L型结构并包括首尾相连的水平连接部和竖直连接部，所述连接横板的两端连接于两所述侧部连接板的竖直连接部之间；
    和/或，
    所述侧部连接板和/或所述中部连接板上间隔设置有多个减重孔，优选地，所述水平连接部背离所述竖直连接部的一侧还形成有折弯部，所述折弯部与所述竖直连接部相对设置并自所述水平连接部朝着靠近所述底板的方向延伸。
  20. 一种电动车辆，其特征在于，其包括电池包和如权利要求1-19中任意一项所述的电池车辆用快换支架，所述电池包安装于所述支架本体。
PCT/CN2023/102663 2022-06-27 2023-06-27 电动车辆用快换支架及包含其的电动车辆 WO2024002052A1 (zh)

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