WO2023098739A1 - 电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车 - Google Patents

电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098739A1
WO2023098739A1 PCT/CN2022/135529 CN2022135529W WO2023098739A1 WO 2023098739 A1 WO2023098739 A1 WO 2023098739A1 CN 2022135529 W CN2022135529 W CN 2022135529W WO 2023098739 A1 WO2023098739 A1 WO 2023098739A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
locking
box
electric vehicles
electric vehicle
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/135529
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
仇丹梁
刘猛
于新瑞
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023098739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098739A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of battery replacement for vehicles, in particular to a battery pack for an electric vehicle and an electric vehicle containing the battery pack.
  • battery packs for electric vehicles are heavy and have complex locking structures, resulting in a thicker battery pack as a whole.
  • the number of battery packs that can be carried by the battery rack used to accommodate the above-mentioned battery packs for electric vehicles depends on the thickness of the battery packs.
  • the number of battery packs that can be stored and charged on the rack leads to a large volume of the charging rack and the battery-swapping station with it, and also leads to low energy storage density of the battery-swapping station, which is not conducive to areas with high floor space requirements such as cities. Set up the power station.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the thicker battery pack in the prior art, resulting in a large area occupied by the replacement station, and the lack of space left under the electric vehicle for the replacement equipment in the height direction, which leads to the need to set up a sunken space , Digging a pit, or lifting an electric vehicle, and then replacing a power station with defects such as high cost, long time, and high difficulty, provide a battery pack for an electric vehicle and an electric vehicle containing it.
  • a battery pack for an electric vehicle which is installed on the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body of the electric vehicle, is characterized in that the battery pack for the electric vehicle comprises:
  • a box the box has at least two storage boxes for accommodating the battery module, and the two storage boxes are arranged at intervals to form a gap;
  • a locking cooperation mechanism, the locking cooperation mechanism is arranged in the gap, and the locking point of the locking cooperation mechanism and the locking mechanism on the side beam of the vehicle body is lower than the upper end of the accommodation box.
  • the battery pack for electric vehicles gaps are formed between the storage boxes of the box body by setting intervals, and a locking cooperation mechanism is provided in the gap, and the locking cooperation mechanism is used to cooperate with the locking mechanism to realize the electric
  • the battery pack for the car is installed on the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, and at the same time, the thickness of the battery pack for the entire electric vehicle can be reduced, so that the battery swapping station that accommodates the battery pack for the electric car can accommodate a larger number of battery packs and improve the economy.
  • the battery pack for an electric vehicle is installed on the electric vehicle, more space in the height direction is left for the power exchange equipment, so that the height space under the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body can be fully utilized, so that the power exchange equipment can be accessed from the electric vehicle.
  • the structure of the lock shaft is simple and easy to process, and can be relatively firmly locked with the locking mechanism.
  • each of the holding boxes includes:
  • a box body the box body is provided with a cell accommodating groove, and the battery module is arranged in the cell accommodating groove;
  • the box cover plate is detachably connected to the notch of the cell receiving groove of the box body and closes the notch.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the battery module relative to the storage box by opening the cover plate of the box body relative to the box body body.
  • the accommodating box further includes a sealing element, the sealing element is arranged around the notch of the cell accommodating groove, and interposed between the box body and the box cover.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement improves the sealing effect inside the storage box and prevents external environmental factors from affecting the normal operation of the battery module inside the storage box. For example, water flowing into the cell storage tank causes a short circuit of the battery module.
  • one or both ends of the lock shaft are respectively connected to the adjacent box body or box cover.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement connects the end of the lock shaft through the box body or the box cover of the storage box, so that the connection between the lock shaft and the storage boxes on both sides is more firm, the structural strength of the lock shaft is improved, and at the same time the lock shaft can be The force received by the battery pack is transmitted to the storage boxes on both sides at the same time, and the force of the entire battery pack for electric vehicles is more uniform.
  • the multiple lock shafts are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body side member.
  • the above structural arrangement improves the stability and reliability of the connection of the battery pack to the side member of the vehicle body through the lock shaft by increasing the connection points between the lock shaft and the locking mechanism.
  • a fixed block is provided in the gap, both ends of the lock shaft are connected to the fixed block, and the fixed block is connected to the adjacent box body or box cover.
  • the above structural settings improve the connection reliability of the lock shaft relative to the box body or the box cover. Due to the consideration of weight reduction, the thickness of the plate of the box body and the box cover should not be too thick, and the lock shaft is transferred through the fixed block. With the box body or the box cover plate, in the case that the box body and the box cover plate cannot be too thick, it is equivalent to increasing the contact area between the lock shaft and the box body or the box cover plate through the fixing block, so as to make the Reliable implementation of the connection.
  • the adjacent storage boxes are connected by a gap connection structure to form the gap;
  • the gap junction structures include:
  • a cover plate through which the fixing block is connected with the box body of the adjacent storage box.
  • a cover plate is provided in the gap to realize the connection between the box bodies of the adjacent storage boxes, improve the connection strength between the adjacent storage boxes, and make the whole box more stable.
  • the cover plate is provided with a locking hole at a position corresponding to the locking mechanism, and the locking shaft is located below the locking hole.
  • the locking holes can limit the locking mechanism in the horizontal direction, improve the positioning ability of the battery packs for electric vehicles relative to the longitudinal beams of the vehicle body, and avoid the Shaking occurs when the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle, and at the same time, the positioning block realizes the fixation of both ends of the lock shaft, so that the connection structure of the lock shaft is more stable.
  • the gap connection structure further includes a pair of C-shaped connecting plates, the C-shaped connecting plates extend along the length direction of the vehicle body longitudinal beam, and the opening directions of the pair of C-shaped connecting plates are opposite to each other. , the fixing block is clamped in the C-shaped connecting plate on the corresponding side.
  • the above-mentioned structural setting realizes the positioning of a pair of fixed blocks by wrapping up and down the C-shaped connecting plate, avoiding the positioning block due to the large pulling force of the lock shaft causing the fixed plate to roll over, the connection is more reliable, and the force at the gap connection structure more evenly.
  • the gap connection structure further includes a first support plate, the first support plate is arranged between a pair of the C-shaped branch connection plates, and the first support plate is along the width of the vehicle body longitudinal beam The two ends of the direction are respectively connected with a pair of C-shaped connecting plates.
  • the pair of C-shaped branch connecting plates when the fixed block is subjected to excessive tension of the lock shaft and tends to roll over, the pair of C-shaped branch connecting plates also have a tendency to roll over, and at this time, the first supporting plate connects the two sides on both sides.
  • the C-type connection plate on the side prevents a pair of C-type connection plates from turning over.
  • the gap connection structure further includes a second support plate, the second support plate is disposed below the C-shaped connection plate and connected to the first support plate and the cover plate respectively.
  • the above-mentioned structural setting additionally set the second supporting plate under the C-shaped connecting plate, and connect the first supporting plate and the cover plate respectively, to further strengthen the structural strength of the gap connection structure, so that the lock shaft can be kept locked in the locking mechanism When the force can be evenly distributed, avoiding the occurrence of stress concentration points on the gap connection structure.
  • the battery pack for electric vehicles further includes a push rod mechanism for unlocking the locking mechanism, the push rod mechanism is arranged in the gap, the push rod mechanism includes a push rod, and the push rod mechanism The rod is arranged vertically and can move along the vertical direction.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement when the ejector mechanism is driven to jack up in the vertical direction, can be unlocked by contacting with the locking link of the locking mechanism on the longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle.
  • the ejector rod mechanism By arranging the ejector rod mechanism in the gap, the arrangement of the ejector rods is prevented from occupying the space of the containing box, thereby affecting the number of battery modules installed, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity.
  • the battery pack for electric vehicles further includes a connecting bottom plate, the connecting bottom plate is arranged in the gap, and the two ends of the connecting bottom plate are respectively connected to the two box bodies;
  • the push rod mechanism also includes a guide seat arranged on the connecting bottom plate, the guide seat is provided with a guide hole, and the push rod is passed through the guide hole.
  • the guide hole realizes the purpose of guiding the ejector rod, so that the ejector rod keeps moving in the vertical direction.
  • the ejector rod mechanism further includes a first elastic member, the ejector rod is provided with a limiting portion, and the two ends of the first elastic member are respectively connected to the guide seat and the limiting portion, and the first elastic member An elastic member is used for applying force to the limiting part to move the push rod downward.
  • the automatic reset of the push rod is realized by setting the first elastic member, and the structure is simple and reliable.
  • the first elastic member is sleeved on the push rod.
  • the first elastic member is positioned in the horizontal direction by the push rod.
  • the ejector mechanism further includes:
  • a jacking seat the jacking seat is movably arranged on the connecting base plate and one end of the jacking seat close to the push rod is provided with a transition groove, the groove depth direction of the transition groove is the vertical direction, and the One end of the ejector rod close to the connecting bottom plate extends into the transition groove, and can move in the transition groove along the groove depth direction of the transition groove;
  • the second elastic member is elastically connected to the jacking seat and the push rod through the second elastic member.
  • the ejector rod when the power exchange equipment exerts a force on the jacking seat toward the ejector rod, the ejector rod first moves toward the locking mechanism together with the jacking seat until the ejector rod After resisting the lock link rod of the locking mechanism, under the action of the continuous force applied by the power exchange equipment, the ejector rod gradually penetrates into the transition groove and the second elastic member is gradually compressed, thus playing a buffering role on the ejector rod. It can avoid the hard contact between the jacking mechanism and the locking mechanism, resulting in damage to the jacking mechanism.
  • a first step is provided on the push rod, the second elastic member is sleeved on the push rod, and the first end of the second elastic member abuts against the first step, The second end of the second elastic member abuts against the jacking seat.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement realizes the elastic connection of the ejector rod relative to the jacking seat.
  • a first limit hole is opened on the guide seat, the first limit hole is set coaxially with the guide hole, a second step is provided on the push rod, and the push rod passes through in the first limiting hole;
  • the second step of the ejector rod abuts against the first limiting hole.
  • the above structural arrangement achieves the purpose of limiting the position of the ejector rod in the lifting direction.
  • the guide seat is provided with a second limiting hole
  • the jacking seat is provided with a third step, and the jacking seat is passed through the second limiting hole
  • the third step of the jacking seat abuts against the second limiting hole.
  • the above structural arrangement achieves the purpose of limiting the position of the jacking seat in the lifting direction.
  • the part of the jacking seat below the third step of the jacking seat is provided with a limiting member
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement can limit the maximum stroke of the upward movement of the jacking seat, and avoid damage to the locking mechanism due to excessive displacement of the ejector rod mechanism.
  • At least a pair of positioning holes are further provided on the connecting bottom plate, and the positioning holes are used to cooperate with the positioning pins on the power exchange equipment.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement makes full use of the space in the gap to set up the positioning structure, so as to avoid the setting of the positioning hole and the ejector pin occupying the space of the containing box, which affects the number of battery modules installed, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the positioning holes is rectangular, and the length directions of the two positioning holes are different.
  • the positioning holes are distributed on both sides of the push rod along the length direction of the vehicle body longitudinal beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement makes full use of the gap space between adjacent storage boxes, so that when unlocking, the unlocking mechanism of the power exchange device can more accurately jack up the ejector rod.
  • a lightening hole is opened on the connecting bottom plate.
  • the configuration of the above structure reduces the weight of the battery pack for the electric vehicle and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • the battery pack for electric vehicles further includes a second electrical connector for docking with the first electrical connector on the side member of the vehicle body, and the second electrical connector is arranged on the box corresponding to the The position of the first electrical connector, and the second electrical connector is electrically connected with the battery module.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement gathers the cables of multiple battery modules on the second electrical connector to realize docking with the first electrical connector on the side member of the vehicle body.
  • the above-mentioned structural arrangement can reduce the number of electrical connection and docking of the battery pack with respect to the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, and improve the reliability of the docking.
  • the box also includes:
  • a cable duct the cable duct is arranged in the gap, and the cell storage slots adjacent to the storage box are communicated through the cable duct.
  • the above structural arrangement enables the cables of the battery modules in different storage boxes to be collected in the same storage box through the cable duct, so as to facilitate cable routing and avoid cable exposure.
  • the number of the storage boxes is three, and the three storage boxes are arranged at intervals to form two gaps, and the locking and cooperating mechanisms are separately arranged in the two gaps.
  • locking cooperation mechanisms can be arranged at different positions of the box body to lock with the locking mechanism of the side beam of the vehicle body from different directions, thereby improving the locking effect.
  • An electric vehicle comprising a vehicle body side member and the battery pack for the electric vehicle as described above, the body side beam is provided with a locking mechanism, and the battery pack for the electric vehicle passes through the locking cooperation mechanism and the locking mechanism Cooperate with and detachably connect to the vehicle body longitudinal beam.
  • gaps are formed between the storage boxes of the box body at intervals, and a locking cooperation mechanism is provided in the gap.
  • the battery pack is installed on the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, and at the same time, the thickness of the entire electric vehicle battery pack can be reduced, so that the battery swapping station that accommodates the electric vehicle battery pack can accommodate a greater number of battery packs and improve economical efficiency.
  • the battery pack for an electric vehicle is installed on the electric vehicle, more space in the height direction is left for the power exchange equipment, so that the height space under the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body can be fully utilized, so that the power exchange equipment can be accessed from the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a body bracket, the body bracket is arranged on the vehicle body longitudinal beam, and the locking mechanism is arranged on the body bracket.
  • the battery pack is connected to the vehicle body bracket on the vehicle body longitudinal beam of the electric vehicle, the connection reliability is higher, and the change to the vehicle body longitudinal beam is reduced at the same time.
  • the locking cooperation mechanism includes a horizontally arranged locking shaft, and the locking shaft extends along the width direction of the vehicle body longitudinal beam, and the locking mechanism includes a through hole through which the locking shaft passes. Through slot.
  • the lock shaft is set in the through groove to realize locking, so that the end of the lock shaft can completely pass through the through groove, thereby reducing the occurrence of the lock shaft detaching from the locking mechanism and improving the relative lock ratio of the lock shaft.
  • the connection stability of the stop mechanism Furthermore, if the lock shaft has a structure with both ends fixed, the problem of the lock shaft coming out of the locking mechanism can be completely avoided.
  • the top of the battery pack for an electric vehicle is located below the vehicle body frame or vehicle body side member.
  • the battery pack for the electric vehicle does not occupy the upper space of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, thereby leaving more space for carrying people and goods for the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack for an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle containing it, the battery packs for an electric vehicle form gaps between each storage box of the box body, and a locking cooperation mechanism is provided in the gap, and the locking cooperation mechanism It is used to cooperate with the locking mechanism to realize the installation of the battery pack for electric vehicles on the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body.
  • the thickness of the entire battery pack for electric vehicles can be reduced, so that the battery swapping station that accommodates the battery pack for electric vehicles can accommodate more
  • the number of battery packs improves economy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a chassis structure of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the battery pack and the vehicle body frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle body bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram (1) of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of part C in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of part D in FIG. 6 .
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a C-shaped connecting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view (1) of a gap connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first support plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second support plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a gap junction structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a partially enlarged view of part E in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 17 is a partially enlarged view of part F in FIG. 15 .
  • Fig. 18 is a partial sectional view (2) of a gap connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic bottom view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cover plate of the box body is hidden.
  • Electric vehicle 100 battery pack 10, box body 1, storage box 11, box body 111, cell storage groove 1111, notch 1112, box cover plate 112, seal 113, cable duct 114, side wall reinforcement structure 115, bottom reinforcement structure 116, weld nut 116a, gap connection structure 2, cover plate 21, locking hole 211, C-shaped connecting plate 22, first support plate 23, socket part 23a, upper surface 23b of the first support plate , the lower surface 23c of the first support plate, the second support plate 24, the rectangular hole 24a, the lock fit mechanism 3, the lock shaft 31, the fixed block 32, the ejector rod mechanism 4, the ejector rod 41, the limit part 411, the first Step 412, second step 413, guide seat 42, first limit hole 422, second limit hole 423, first elastic member 43, jacking seat 44, transition groove 441, third step 442, limit member 443 , the second elastic member 45, the connection base plate 5, the positioning hole 51, the weight reduction hole 52, the second electrical connector 6, the vehicle body longitudinal beam 20, the vehicle body bracket 30, the locking mechanism 40
  • the present invention provides an electric vehicle 100, the structure of the chassis of which is shown in Figure 1, the electric vehicle 100 has two body longitudinal beams 20 arranged in parallel along the front and rear directions, used to connect the main parts of the electric vehicle 100, such as suspension, Wheels, etc., and the battery packs for electric vehicles are also installed under the two longitudinal beams 20 of the vehicle body.
  • the electric vehicle 100 is a heavy-duty vehicle or a light-duty vehicle. Of course, it can also be applied to passenger vehicles such as cars. superior.
  • a body support 30 is connected at the same time.
  • the mechanism 40 is arranged at the position of the lower surface of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body bracket 30, and is used for locking and connecting with the locking cooperation mechanism 3 on the battery pack 10, so that the battery pack 10 is connected or separated from the body bracket 30 to realize battery replacement. Purpose.
  • the locking mechanisms 40 are arranged in two rows at the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 30 to respectively correspond to the two vehicle body side beams 20, and these locking mechanisms 40 are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction A of the vehicle body side beams, so as to The connection reliability and stability of the battery pack 10 relative to the vehicle body bracket 30 and the vehicle body longitudinal beam 20 are improved by means of multi-point connection.
  • a first electrical connector 50 is also provided for docking with the second electrical connector 6 on the side of the battery pack 10, so that when the battery pack 10 is installed on the body bracket 30, The electrical connection with respect to the battery pack 10 is realized to meet the requirement of supplying power to the electric vehicle 100 .
  • the battery pack 10 is arranged below the vehicle body bracket 30 so that the power exchange equipment (shown in the figure) can connect the battery pack 10 from below and lock it relative to the locking mechanism 40 of the vehicle body bracket 30 . Stop or unlock the battery pack 10 to realize the pick-and-place and transfer of the battery pack 10.
  • the specific structure of the battery pack 10 is shown in FIG. 4 , including a box body 1 , a locking mechanism 3 and a second electrical connector 6 .
  • the second electrical connector 6 is arranged at the middle position of the side of the box body 1 to correspond to the first electrical connector 50 of the vehicle body bracket 30 .
  • the box body 1 is composed of three storage boxes 11 for accommodating battery modules, and the three storage boxes 11 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the width direction B of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, so as to form a gap between two adjacent storage boxes 11 brackets,
  • the locking cooperation mechanisms 3 are distributed in these two gaps and are arranged corresponding to the positions of the respective locking mechanisms 40 of the body support 30 .
  • gaps are formed between the storage boxes 11 of the box body 1 at intervals, and the locking and matching mechanism 3 is provided in the gaps, so that the thickness of the entire battery pack for electric vehicles can be reduced, thereby This makes it possible to accommodate a greater number of battery packs 10 in the battery swapping station for the battery pack for electric vehicles, thereby improving economical efficiency.
  • the electric vehicle battery pack When the electric vehicle battery pack is installed on the electric vehicle 100, more space in the height direction is left for the power exchange equipment, so that the height space under the side member 20 of the vehicle body can be fully utilized, so that the power exchange equipment can be changed from the electric
  • the bottom of the car is used for battery replacement without having to set up a sunken space or dig a pit for the power exchange equipment to enter and exit, or lift the electric vehicle to create enough height space for the power exchange equipment, thereby reducing the cost and time of building a power exchange station and difficulty, reduce the requirements for the construction site, and improve the efficiency of battery replacement.
  • the locking mechanism 3 includes a lock shaft 31 arranged horizontally, and the two ends of the lock shaft 31 are respectively fixedly connected to the storage box 11 on the adjacent side, and the lock shaft 31 is along the width direction of the battery pack 10 (body The longitudinal beam extends in the width direction B) and the locking shaft 31 is disposed lower than the upper end of the housing box 11 .
  • the locking mechanism 40 located on the vehicle body support 30 has a horizontal through slot arranged corresponding to the lock shaft 31, and the through slot is used for the lock shaft 31 to pass through to realize the locking of the lock shaft 31 relative to the locking mechanism 40, wherein, Locking is achieved by accommodating the lock shaft 31 through the slot, so that both ends of the lock shaft 31 can be fixed, so as to avoid the situation that the lock shaft 31 is a cantilever structure, so that the connection between the lock shaft 31 and the locking mechanism 40 can be improved. stability.
  • each containing case 11 includes a case body 111 and a case cover 112 .
  • the box body 111 is provided with a cell containing groove 1111
  • the battery containing groove 111 is provided with a battery module.
  • a battery module a battery module.
  • the box cover 112 is connected to the notch 1112 of the cell receiving groove 1111 of the box body 111 by means of bolt connection, and covers and closes the entire notch 1112 .
  • the box cover 112 is set to be opened relative to the box body 111, so as to facilitate the disassembly and maintenance of the battery module relative to the storage box 11, and at the same time, the box cover 112 is closed relative to the box body 111 to protect The internal battery module avoids the influence of external environmental factors.
  • the storage box 11 also includes a sealing member 113, which is arranged around the notch 1112 of the cell receiving groove 1111, and is sandwiched between the notch 1112 of the box body 111 and the box cover. between plates 112 (see FIG. 7 ).
  • the sealing member 113 is a foamed silicone pad to achieve reliable sealing.
  • other sealing materials can also be used to achieve sealing.
  • the number of lock shafts 31 in this embodiment is multiple, these lock shafts 31 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body longitudinal beam 20 A, and the two ends of the lock shafts 31 are respectively connected to the box body on the adjacent side , thereby realizing that the height of the lock shaft 31 is lower than the upper end of the casing.
  • the two ends of the lock shaft 31 can also be fixedly connected with the box cover on the adjacent side; The other end is a free end, which can also realize the locking function with the locking mechanism, which will not be repeated here.
  • two sets of side wall reinforcement structures 115 are welded.
  • the side wall reinforcement structures 115 are made of sheet metal and are fixed to the box body by welding.
  • the surrounding surface of the main body 111 is used to strengthen the strength of the surrounding side of the box body 111 to better protect the box body 111 .
  • a bottom reinforcement structure 116 is also welded to carry the battery module and to strengthen the bottom surface strength of the box body 111, so as to prevent the bottom surface of the box body 111 from being under heavy load. In case of depression.
  • Lightening holes are arranged on the surface of the bottom reinforcement structure 116 to achieve the purpose of reducing weight and weight.
  • Welding nuts 116a are also welded on the upper surface of the bottom reinforcement structure 116 for threaded connection and fixing of the battery module.
  • the main body 111 and the box cover plate 112 in the case that the plate of the box body 111 cannot be too thick, the contact area of the connecting lock shaft 31 is increased through the fixing block 32, so as to realize the connection more reliably.
  • the lock shaft 31 can also be fixed on the box cover 112 through the fixing block 32 .
  • the gap connection structure 2 includes a cover plate 21, the structure of the cover plate 21 is shown in FIG.
  • the plate 21 realizes the connection between the box bodies 111 of the adjacent storage boxes 11 , improves the degree of connection between the adjacent storage boxes 11 , and makes the box body 1 as a whole more stable.
  • the cover plate 21 is covered above the lock shaft 31, and the cover plate 21 is provided with a rectangular locking hole 211, and the lock hole 211 is formed above the cover plate 21 corresponding to the lock shaft 31 for the locking mechanism 40 into.
  • the cover plate 21 is fitted and welded on the reinforcement structure of the side surface of the box body 111 on both sides by being positioned at the ends 21a on both sides, so as to realize the lock shaft 31, the fixed block 32, the cover plate 21 and the box body 111.
  • Reliable connection to connect the end of the lock shaft 31 through the box body 111 or the box cover 112 of the housing box 11, improve the structural strength of the lock shaft 31, so that the lock shaft 31 can better connect the battery pack 10 to the longitudinal body of the vehicle body Beam 20 on.
  • the locking hole 211 can produce a limiting effect on the locking mechanism 40, thereby improving the relative position of the battery pack for an electric vehicle to the body of the vehicle.
  • the positioning ability of the longitudinal beam 20 prevents the electric vehicle battery pack from shaking when it is locked on the electric vehicle 100, and at the same time, the positioning block realizes the fixing of both ends of the lock shaft 31, thereby making the connection structure of the lock shaft 31 more stable.
  • a pair of C-shaped connecting plates 22 are also arranged in the gap connection structure 2, and the structure of the C-shaped connecting plates 22 is shown in Figure 11 Show.
  • the two C-shaped connecting plates 22 extend along the length direction A of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, and the openings 22a of the two C-shaped connecting plates 22 are arranged opposite to each other, and the fixing block 32 is clamped on the C-shaped connecting plate on the corresponding side. 22 , the end of the lock shaft 31 protrudes from the opening 22 a of the C-shaped connecting plate 22 after passing through the fixing block 32 .
  • This scheme of realizing the connection relative to the fixed block 32 by wrapping the C-shaped connecting plate 22 up and down makes the connection between the fixed blocks 32 more reliable, and the force transmission of each lock shaft 31 is more uniform.
  • the gap connection structure 2 also includes a first support plate 23 and a second support plate 23 .
  • the supporting plate 24, the aforementioned two supporting plates are respectively used to strengthen the structural strength of the cover plate 21 and the C-shaped connecting plate 22 in the gap connection structure 2, so that the connection of the lock shaft 31 relative to the box body 111 of the containing box 11 is more stable and reliable .
  • the first support plate 23 is arranged between two C-shaped branch connecting plates arranged in pairs, the structure of the first support plate 23 is shown in Figure 13, and the first support plate 23 is along the width direction of the vehicle body longitudinal beam.
  • the two ends of B are respectively provided with socket parts 23a, which are used for inserting and positioning relative to the two C-shaped connecting plates 22, and realize reliable connection by welding, so that the two C-shaped connecting plates 22 can pass through the first supporting plate 23 direct connection.
  • a plurality of first supporting plates 23 are provided, so that the integrity of the two C-shaped connecting plates 22 is better.
  • the upper surface 23b of the first support plate can be bonded and welded to the cover plate 21 , and the lower surface 23c of the first support plate can be fixed in the nut on the top of the second support plate 24 by screwing.
  • the structure of the second support plate 24 is shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the second support plate 24 is disposed under the C-shaped connecting plate 22 and is respectively connected to the first support plate 23 and the inner surface 21b of the cover plate 21 by welding.
  • the second support plate 24 is connected to the first support plate 23 and the cover plate 21 under the C-shaped connecting plate 22, further strengthening the structural strength of the gap connection structure, so that the lock shaft 31 is kept locked in The force received by the locking mechanism 40 can be evenly distributed to avoid stress concentration points on the gap connection structure 2 .
  • the battery pack 10 also includes a lock for unlocking the vehicle body bracket 30 .
  • the ejector mechanism 4 of the locking mechanism 40 is arranged in the gap of the battery pack 10 along the vertical direction.
  • the ejector mechanism 4 includes a ejector rod 41 extending along the vertical direction. The ejector rod 41 can move along moving in the vertical direction.
  • the specific unlocking solution is to lift up the ejector rod 41 through the unlocking mechanism on the power exchange device carrying the battery pack 10, drive the ejector rod 41 to move upwards, and push the ejector rod 41 upwards in the vertical direction when the ejector rod mechanism 4 is driven.
  • the locking mechanism 40 is driven to be unlocked by contacting with the locking link of the locking mechanism on the body bracket 30 of the electric vehicle 100, so as to realize the purpose of unlocking.
  • the ejector rod mechanism 4 is arranged in the gap, so as to prevent the installation of the ejector rod 41 from occupying the space of the housing box 11 and affect the number of installed battery modules, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity.
  • the battery pack for an electric vehicle further includes a connecting bottom plate 5 disposed in the gap, and two ends of the connecting bottom plate 5 are respectively connected to two box bodies 111 .
  • the ejector rod mechanism 4 also includes a guide seat 42 welded on the upper surface of the connecting base plate 5, a guide hole is provided on the guide seat 42, and the ejector rod 41 is passed in the guide hole, and the position limiting of the ejector rod 41 is realized by using the guide hole. Purpose, this structural arrangement can achieve the purpose of guiding the push rod 41, so that the push rod 41 can keep moving in the vertical direction.
  • the ejector rod mechanism 4 also includes a first elastic member 43, and a limit portion 411 is provided on the ejector rod 41. Both ends of the first elastic member 43 are respectively connected to the top end 42a and the top end of the guide seat 42 The limiting portion 411 of the rod 41 , the first elastic member 43 is used to apply a force to the limiting portion 411 to move the push rod 41 downward.
  • the automatic reset of the push rod 41 is realized by setting the first elastic member 43 .
  • the limit portion 411 on the push rod 41 is a pin shaft passing through the side of the push rod 41
  • the first elastic member 43 is a spring and is sleeved on the push rod.
  • the protruding structure is formed so that the protruding structure is passed through the gap between two coils of the spring to realize the positioning of the first elastic member 43 .
  • the jacking mechanism 4 also includes a jacking seat 44, which is movably arranged on the connecting base plate 5, and the jacking seat 44
  • One end close to the push rod 41 is provided with a transition groove 441
  • the groove depth direction of the transition groove 441 is the vertical direction and the opening direction faces the push rod 41
  • the push rod 41 extends into the transition groove 441 near the lower end 41a of the connecting bottom plate 5, And it can move up and down in the transition groove 441 along the groove depth direction of the transition groove 441 .
  • the elastic connection is realized by the second elastic member 45.
  • the position of the second elastic member 45 relative to the jacking seat 44 and the push rod 41 is shown in FIG. It is a helical spring, sleeved on the outer surface of the lower end 41a of the push rod 41 .
  • the second elastic member 45 can also be disposed inside the transition groove 441 , which can also serve the purpose of elastically connecting the jacking seat 44 and the push rod 41 .
  • a first step 412 is provided on the push rod 41, the second elastic member 45 is sleeved on the push rod 41, and the upper end of the second elastic member 45 is against the first step 412, and the lower end of the second elastic member 45 Butt against the top of the jack-up seat 44.
  • the guide hole in the guide seat 42 includes a first limiting hole 422 located at the top end 42 a.
  • the second step 413 can abut against the first limiting hole 422 to achieve the purpose of limiting the downward movement of the push rod 41 in the lifting direction through the guide seat 42 .
  • the guide hole of the guide seat 42 also includes a second limiting hole 423 on the lower side, and the jacking seat 44 is provided with a third step 442.
  • the jacking seat 44 passes through the second limiting hole 423, when When the ejector mechanism 4 is in the initial state, the jacking seat 44 abuts against the second limiting hole 423 through the third step 442 to achieve the purpose of limiting the position of the jacking seat 44 in the lifting direction.
  • the part of the lower side of the third step 442 of the jacking seat 44 is provided with a limiter 443, when the ejector rod mechanism 4 moves upward and is in the limit state, the limiter 443 can be against the guide seat 42, To limit the maximum stroke of the upward movement of the jacking seat 44 .
  • the limiting member 443 is an annular flange extending circumferentially outward from the lower end of the jacking seat 44 .
  • a pair of positioning holes 51 are provided on each connection base plate 5.
  • the position of the positioning holes 51 relative to the connection base plate 5 and the storage box 11 is shown in Figure 19.
  • the positioning holes 51 are used to connect with the power exchange equipment. Cooperate with the positioning pins on the By setting the positioning hole 51 at the position where the bottom plate 5 is connected, the positioning structure can be set up by making full use of the space in the gap, so as to avoid the setting of the positioning hole 51 and the ejector rod 41 from occupying the space of the housing box 11 and affecting the number of battery modules installed , leading to a decrease in battery capacity.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the positioning holes 51 is rectangular, and the length directions of the two positioning holes 51 on each connecting base plate 5 are perpendicular to each other. Positioning accuracy is improved by arranging two rectangular holes with different orientations on both sides of the push rod 41 .
  • the two positioning holes 51 on each connecting bottom plate 5 are distributed on both sides of the push rod 41 along the length direction A of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body, so as to make full use of the gap space between adjacent storage boxes 11, Before unlocking, the battery swapping device is precisely aligned with the battery pack, so that when unlocking, the unlocking mechanism of the battery swapping device can jack up the ejector rod 41 more accurately.
  • the shape of the positioning holes 51 is not limited to this example, and may also be circular, elliptical, triangular, pentagonal, etc.
  • the positioning holes 51 are rectangular holes, the two positioning holes 51
  • the included angle in the length direction is not necessarily 90°, and it can also be other angles that make the length directions of the two positioning holes 51 non-parallel, which will not be repeated here.
  • a weight-reducing hole 52 is provided on the connecting bottom plate 5 to achieve the purpose of reducing weight.
  • the box body 1 also includes a cable duct 114, which is arranged in the gap and penetrates between the box bodies 111 of two adjacent storage boxes 11, so that each storage box 11 between the cell storage slots 1111 can be communicated through the cable duct 114, so that the cables of the battery modules in different storage boxes 11 can be collected in the same storage box 11 through the cable duct 114, so that For cable routing, avoid cable exposure.
  • a cable duct 114 which is arranged in the gap and penetrates between the box bodies 111 of two adjacent storage boxes 11, so that each storage box 11 between the cell storage slots 1111 can be communicated through the cable duct 114, so that the cables of the battery modules in different storage boxes 11 can be collected in the same storage box 11 through the cable duct 114, so that For cable routing, avoid cable exposure.
  • the side wall reinforcement structure 115 fixed on the side surface of the box body 111 is an integral structure, that is, the side wall reinforcement structure 115 extends along the width direction B of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle body and simultaneously The side surfaces of the three box bodies 111 are connected to realize the overall reinforcement of the box body 1 , and the structural consistency among the three storage boxes 11 is better.
  • the number of housing boxes 11 may also be two or more than four.
  • a gap is formed for setting of the lock fitting mechanism 3 .
  • the number of accommodating boxes 11 is four, three gaps are formed, and two of the three gaps can be selected to be provided with the locking cooperation mechanism 3 , and the locking cooperation mechanism 3 can also be provided in all the three gaps.
  • the vehicle body support may not be provided, but the locking mechanism 40 may also be directly arranged on the lower surface of the vehicle body side beam 20.
  • the electric vehicle battery pack When the electric vehicle battery pack is connected to the vehicle body side beam 20, The battery pack for the electric vehicle is located under the side member 20 of the vehicle body, so details will not be repeated here.
  • the locking mechanism and the locking cooperation mechanism are not limited to this example, and may also be a T-shaped locking manner or a threaded locking manner. The following two methods are briefly introduced.
  • the first type T-shaped locking method
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking seat, the locking seat has a first opening extending vertically, a first threaded portion is provided in the first opening, the first threaded portion is an internal thread, and the locking cooperation mechanism includes a mounting Seat and unlocking lever, the second opening extending vertically in the mounting seat, the unlocking lever is vertically arranged in the second opening, the unlocking lever can move in the vertical direction relative to the mounting seat and the unlocking lever is set There is a second threaded part matched with the first threaded part, and the second threaded part can engage with the first threaded part, so as to realize the locking and unlocking of the locking mechanism and the locking cooperation mechanism.
  • the second type thread locking method
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking seat, the locking seat has a first opening extending in the vertical direction, a limiting part is arranged in the first opening, the first opening is a square hole and the upper part of the first opening forms the The limit part, the locking cooperation mechanism includes an unlocking lever, the upper end of the unlocking lever is provided with a stopper, and the stopper includes a locking lever extending in the horizontal direction, the locking lever is a cylinder and is horizontally arranged on the unlocking lever At the top, the locking lever and the unlocking lever together form a T-shaped structure.
  • the locking lever When the locking lever is at the first angle, the locking lever can pass through the first opening and enter the limiting portion of the locking seat, and when the locking lever rotates to the second angle, the locking lever can be limited at the limiting position part, so that the locking mechanism and the locking mechanism are relatively fixed.
  • the height space under the side member 20 of the vehicle body is fully utilized.
  • the unloaded battery pack 10 can directly enter the space below the battery pack 10 without contact with the electric vehicle 100. Interference occurs at the bottom of the battery pack 10; when the battery pack 10 is installed by the battery pack 10, the battery pack 10 carrying the battery pack 10 can also directly enter the bottom of the vehicle body side member 20 for battery replacement without interfering with the bottom of the electric vehicle 100 .

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车，电动汽车用电池包包括：箱体，箱体内至少具有两个用于容纳电池模组的容纳箱，两个容纳箱之间间隔设置，并形成间隙；锁止配合机构，锁止配合机构设置于间隙内，锁止配合机构与车身纵梁上的锁止机构的锁止点低于容纳箱的上端。该电动汽车用电池包，其箱体的各容纳箱之间形成间隙，通过在间隙内设置锁止配合机构，使得电动汽车用电池包的厚度降低，进而换电站能放置更多电池包。当电池包安装在车上时，为换电设备留下更多高度空间，便于换电设备进行底部换电，降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。

Description

电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车
本申请要求申请日为2021年12月31日的中国专利申请CN2021116736602、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067637、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN2021116067815、申请日为2021年11月30日的中国专利申请CN2021114443838的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆换电技术领域，特别涉及一种电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车。
背景技术
目前，电动汽车用电池包的重量大，锁止结构较复杂，导致电池包的整体厚度较厚。在对车辆进行换电的换电站内，用于容纳上述电动汽车用电池包的电池架能够承载的电池包数量取决于电池包的厚度，因此，这种较厚的电池包不利于提高单个充电架上能够储存和充电的电池包数量，导致充电架及具有其的换电站的体积较大，并且还导致换电站的能量储存密度低，不利于在城市等对占地面积要求较高的区域设置换电站。
并且，目前需要通过换电设备载着电池包运输至电动汽车的底部，通过换电设备抬升电池包，将电池包安装至电动汽车底部。在电池包较厚的情况下，为使得换电设备和电池包能够驶入汽车底部，必须在换电站内设置下沉式空间或者挖坑供换电设备穿梭，或者采用举升装置举升电动汽车，将会导致换电站的建站成本高、时间长且难度高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中电池包厚度较厚，导致换电站占地面积大、电动汽车下方留给换电设备在高度方向上的空间不足导致需要设置下沉式空间、挖坑，或者举升电动汽车，进而换电站的建站成本高、时间长且难度高等缺陷，提供一种电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种电动汽车用电池包，其安装于电动汽车的车身纵梁上，其特征在于，所述电动汽车用电池包包括：
箱体，所述箱体内至少具有两个用于容纳电池模组的容纳箱，两个所述容纳箱之间间隔设置，并形成间隙；
锁止配合机构，所述锁止配合机构设置于所述间隙内，所述锁止配合机构与所述车身纵梁上的锁 止机构的锁止点低于所述容纳箱的上端。
该电动汽车用电池包，其箱体的各容纳箱之间通过间隔设置的方式形成间隙，通过在间隙内设置锁止配合机构，该锁止配合机构用于与锁止机构配合，实现将电动汽车用电池包安装在车身纵梁上，同时整个电动汽车用电池包的厚度可以降低，从而使得容纳该电动汽车用电池包的换电站能够容纳更多数量的电池包，提高经济性。当该电动汽车用电池包安装在电动汽车上时，为换电设备留下更多的高度方向上的空间，从而可以充分利用车身纵梁下方的高度空间，使得换电设备可以从电动汽车的底部进行换电，而不必在设置下沉式空间或挖坑供换电设备进出，或者举升电动汽车从而为换电设备制造出足够的高度空间，从而降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
较佳地，所述锁止配合机构包括水平设置的锁轴，且所述锁轴沿着所述电池包的宽度方向延伸。
上述技术方案中，锁轴结构简单便于加工且能够与锁止机构的锁止比较牢固。
较佳地，每个所述容纳箱均包括：
箱体本体，所述箱体本体内设有电芯容纳槽，所述电池模组设置于所述电芯容纳槽内；
箱体盖板，所述箱体盖板可拆卸连接于所述箱体本体的电芯容纳槽的槽口处并封闭所述槽口。
上述结构设置，通过相对箱体本体开启箱体盖板的方式，便于电池模组相对容纳箱的拆装和维修。
较佳地，所述容纳箱还包括密封件，所述密封件环设于所述电芯容纳槽的槽口，并夹设于所述箱体本体和所述箱体盖板之间。
上述结构设置，提高容纳箱内部的密封效果，避免外界环境因素影响容纳箱内部的电池模组的正常工作，例如，水流入电芯容纳槽内导致电池模组短路。
较佳地，所述锁轴的一端或两端分别与相邻所述箱体本体或箱体盖板连接。
上述结构设置，通过容纳箱的箱体本体或者箱体盖板连接锁轴的端部，使得锁轴与两侧的容纳箱的连接更加牢固，提高锁轴处的结构强度，同时能够将锁轴处受到的作用力同时传递到两侧的容纳箱处，整个电动汽车用电池包的受力更加均匀。
较佳地，所述锁轴的数量为多个，且多个所述锁轴沿着所述车身纵梁的长度方向排布。
上述结构设置，通过增加锁轴与锁止机构连接点的方式，提高电池包通过锁轴连接于车身纵梁上的稳固性和可靠性。
较佳地，所述间隙内设有固定块，所述锁轴的两端均连接所述固定块，所述固定块与相邻的所述箱体本体或箱体盖板连接。
上述结构设置，提高锁轴相对箱体本体或箱体盖板的连接可靠性，因减重方面的考虑，箱体本体和箱体盖板的板材厚度不能过厚，通过固定块转接锁轴与箱体本体或箱体盖板，在箱体本体和箱体盖板板材不能过厚的情况下，相当于通过固定块增加锁轴与箱体本体或箱体盖板的接触面积，以更可靠 的实现连接。
较佳地，相邻的所述容纳箱之间通过间隙连接结构连接并形成所述间隙；
所述间隙连接结构包括：
盖板，所述固定块通过所述盖板与相邻的所述容纳箱的箱体本体连接。
上述结构设置，在间隙内设置盖板实现相邻容纳箱的箱体本体之间的连接，提高相邻的容纳箱之间的连接强度，使得箱体整体更稳固。
较佳地，所述盖板对应所述锁止机构的位置处设有锁止孔，所述锁轴位于所述锁止孔的下方。
当电动汽车用电池包连接在车身纵梁上后，锁止孔可以对锁止机构产生水平方向上的限位作用，提高电动汽车用电池包相对车辆的车身纵梁的定位能力，避免电动汽车用电池包锁止在电动汽车上时产生晃动，同时定位块实现锁轴两端的固定，从而使得锁轴连接结构更加稳定。
较佳地，所述间隙连接结构还包括一对C型连接板，所述C型连接板沿着所述车身纵梁的长度方向延伸，一对所述C型连接板的开口方向相背设置，所述固定块卡设在对应侧的所述C型连接板内。
上述结构设置，通过C型连接板以上下包裹的方式实现一对固定块的定位，避免定位块由于受到锁轴的拉力较大导致固定板侧翻，连接更可靠，间隙连接结构处的受力更均匀。
较佳地，所述间隙连接结构还包括第一支撑板，所述第一支撑板设置于一对所述C型支连接板之间，且第一支撑板沿着所述车身纵梁的宽度方向的两端分别与一对所述C型连接板连接。
上述结构设置，当固定块受到锁轴的拉力过大而有侧翻倾向时，一对C型支连接板也会存在相互靠近的侧翻倾向，此时通过该第一支撑板连接两侧两侧的C型连接板，阻止一对C型连接板发生侧翻。
较佳地，所述间隙连接结构还包括第二支撑板，所述第二支撑板设置于所述C型连接板的下方且分别与所述第一支撑板和所述盖板连接。
上述结构设置，额外设置第二支撑板在C型连接板的下方，且分别连接第一支撑板和盖板，进一步加强间隙连接结构处的结构强度，便于锁轴在保持锁止于锁止机构时的受力能够均匀分散，避免在间隙连接结构上出现应力集中点。
较佳地，所述电动汽车用电池包还包括用于解锁所述锁止机构的顶杆机构，所述顶杆机构设置于所述间隙内，所述顶杆机构包括顶杆，所述顶杆竖向设置且可沿着竖直方向运动。
上述结构设置，在顶杆机构被驱动而沿竖直方向向上顶起时，通过与位于电动汽车的车身纵梁上的锁止机构的锁连杆进行接触，以实现解锁目的。通过将顶杆机构设置在间隙内，避免顶杆的设置占据容纳箱的空间，而影响电池模组的设置数量，导致电池容量下降。
较佳地，所述电动汽车用电池包还包括连接底板，所述连接底板设置于所述间隙内，且所述连接 底板的两端分别连接于两个所述箱体本体上；
所述顶杆机构还包括设置于所述连接底板上的导向座，所述导向座上设有导向孔，所述顶杆穿设于所述导向孔。
上述结构设置，导向孔实现对顶杆进行导向的目的，使顶杆保持沿竖直方向进行移动。
较佳地，所述顶杆机构还包括第一弹性件，所述顶杆上设有限位部，所述第一弹性件的两端分别连接于所述导向座与限位部，所述第一弹性件用于向所述限位部施加使所述顶杆向下运动的作用力。
上述结构设置，通过设置第一弹性件实现顶杆的自动复位，结构简单可靠。
较佳地，所述第一弹性件套设在所述顶杆上。
上述结构设置，通过顶杆对第一弹性件进行水平方向上的定位。
较佳地，所述顶杆机构还包括：
顶起座，所述顶起座活动设置于所述连接底板上且所述顶起座靠近所述顶杆的一端开设有过渡槽，所述过渡槽的槽深方向为竖直方向，所述顶杆靠近所述连接底板的一端伸入所述过渡槽内，并可沿着所述过渡槽的槽深方向在所述过渡槽内运动；
第二弹性件，所述顶起座与所述顶杆通过所述第二弹性件弹性连接。
上述结构设置，通过设置顶起座和第二弹性件，当换电设备对顶起座施加朝向顶杆的作用力时，顶杆先随着顶起座一起朝向锁止机构运动，直至顶杆顶住锁止机构的锁连杆后，在换电设备继续施加的作用力的作用下，顶杆逐渐深入过渡槽内且第二弹性件逐渐被压缩，从而起到对顶杆的缓冲作用，可避免顶起机构与锁止机构发生硬性接触，导致顶起机构损坏。
较佳地，所述顶杆上设有第一台阶，所述第二弹性件套设在所述顶杆上且所述第二弹性件的第一端抵设在所述第一台阶上，所述第二弹性件的第二端抵设在所述顶起座上。
上述结构设置，实现顶杆相对顶起座的弹性连接。
较佳地，所述导向座上开设有第一限位孔，所述第一限位孔与所述导向孔同轴设置，所述顶杆上设有第二台阶，所述顶杆穿设在所述第一限位孔内；
当所述顶杆机构处于初始状态时，所述顶杆的第二台阶抵靠在所述第一限位孔处。
上述结构设置，实现限制顶杆在升降方向上位置的目的。
较佳地，所述导向座上开设有第二限位孔，所述顶起座上设有第三台阶，所述顶起座穿设在所述第二限位孔内；
当所述顶杆机构处于初始状态时，所述顶起座的第三台阶抵靠在所述第二限位孔处。
上述结构设置，实现限制顶起座在升降方向上位置的目的。
较佳地，所述顶起座的第三台阶以下的部分所述顶起座设有限位件；
当所述顶杆机构处于极限状态时，所述限位件抵住所述导向座。
上述结构设置，能够限制所述顶起座向上运动的最大行程，避免顶杆机构位移过大损坏锁止机构。
较佳地，在所述连接底板上还设有至少一对定位孔，所述定位孔用于与所述换电设备上的定位销相配合。
上述结构设置，充分利用间隙的空间设置定位结构，以避免定位孔和顶杆的设置占据容纳箱的空间，而影响电池模组的设置数量，导致电池容量下降。
较佳地，所述定位孔的截面形状呈矩形，两个所述定位孔的长度方向不相同。
上述结构设置，将两个朝向不同的矩形孔设置在顶杆的两侧，提高定位精度。
较佳地，所述定位孔沿所述车身纵梁的长度方向分布于所述顶杆的两侧。
上述结构设置，充分利用相邻容纳箱之间的间隙空间，使得在解锁时，换电设备的解锁机构能够更加精准地将顶杆顶起。
较佳地，所述连接底板上开设有减重孔。
上述结构设置，减小电动汽车用电池包的重量，降低制造成本。
较佳地，电动汽车用电池包还包括用于与所述车身纵梁上的第一电连接器对接的第二电连接器，所述第二电连接器设置于所述箱体对应于所述第一电连接器的位置处，且所述第二电连接器与所述电池模组电连接。
上述结构设置，将多个电池模组的线缆集中于第二电连接器上，实现相对车身纵梁上的第一电连接器的对接。上述结构设置，可以降低电池包相对车身纵梁的电连接对接数量，提高对接可靠性。
较佳地，所述箱体还包括：
线缆管道，所述线缆管道设置在所述间隙内，且相邻所述容纳箱的电芯容纳槽通过所述线缆管道连通。
上述结构设置，使得不同容纳箱内的电池模组的线缆能够通过该线缆管道汇集在同一个容纳箱内，以便于线缆布线，避免线缆外露。
较佳地，所述容纳箱的数量为三个，三个所述容纳箱间隔设置形成两个所述间隙，所述锁止配合机构分设置于两个所述间隙内。
上述结构设置，能够在箱体的不同位置布置锁止配合机构，以从不同方向与车身纵梁的锁止机构进行锁止，提高锁止效果。
一种电动汽车，包括车身纵梁与如上所述的电动汽车用电池包，所述车身纵梁上设有锁止机构，所述电动汽车用电池包通过所述锁止配合机构与锁止机构配合可拆卸连接于所述车身纵梁上。
该电动汽车，其箱体的各容纳箱之间通过间隔设置的方式形成间隙，通过在间隙内设置锁止配合机构，该锁止配合机构用于与锁止机构配合，实现将电动汽车用电池包安装在车身纵梁上，同时整个电动汽车用电池包的厚度可以降低，从而使得容纳该电动汽车用电池包的换电站能够容纳更多数量的 电池包，提高经济性。当该电动汽车用电池包安装在电动汽车上时，为换电设备留下更多的高度方向上的空间，从而可以充分利用车身纵梁下方的高度空间，使得换电设备可以从电动汽车的底部进行换电，而不必在设置下沉式空间或挖坑供换电设备进出，或者举升电动汽车从而为换电设备制造出足够的高度空间，从而降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
较佳地，所述电动汽车还包括车身支架，所述车身支架设置在所述车身纵梁上，所述锁止机构设置在所述车身支架上。
上述结构设置，电池包相对电动汽车的车身纵梁上的车身支架进行连接，连接可靠性更高，同时减少对车身纵梁的改变。
较佳地，所述锁止配合机构包括水平设置的锁轴，且所述锁轴沿着所述车身纵梁的宽度方向延伸，所述锁止机构包括贯通的供所述锁轴穿过的通槽。
上述结构设置，锁轴设置于贯通的通槽内实现锁止，使得锁轴的端部能够完全穿过该通槽，从而降低锁轴从锁止机构上脱出的情况发生，提高锁轴相对锁止机构的连接稳定性。进一步的，若锁轴为两端固定的结构，则可以完全避免锁轴从锁止机构上脱出的问题。
较佳地，所述电动汽车用电池包的顶部位于所述车身支架或车身纵梁的下方。
上述结构设置，电动汽车用电池包不占用车身纵梁的上部空间，从而能够为电动汽车留出更多的载人载物的空间。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
该电动汽车用电池包及包含其的电动汽车，电动汽车用电池包的箱体的各容纳箱之间通过间隔设置的方式形成间隙，通过在间隙内设置锁止配合机构，该锁止配合机构用于与锁止机构配合，实现将电动汽车用电池包安装在车身纵梁上，同时整个电动汽车用电池包的厚度可以降低，从而使得容纳该电动汽车用电池包的换电站能够容纳更多数量的电池包，提高经济性。当该电动汽车用电池包安装在电动汽车上时，为换电设备留下更多的高度方向上的空间，从而可以充分利用车身纵梁下方的高度空间，使得换电设备可以从电动汽车的底部进行换电，而不必在设置下沉式空间或挖坑供换电设备进出，或者举升电动汽车从而为换电设备制造出足够的高度空间，从而降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例的电动汽车的底盘结构示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例的电池包相对车身支架的连接关系示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例的车身支架的结构示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例的电池包的结构示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例的电池包的局部结构示意图。
图6为本发明一实施例的电池包的剖视结构示意图(一)。
图7为图6中C部分的局部放大图。
图8为图6中D部分的局部放大图。
图9为本发明一实施例的固定块的结构示意图。
图10为本发明一实施例的盖板的结构示意图。
图11为本发明一实施例的C型连接板的结构示意图。
图12为本发明一实施例的间隙连接结构的局部剖视图(一)。
图13为本发明一实施例的第一支撑板的结构示意图。
图14为本发明一实施例的第二支撑板的结构示意图。
图15为本发明一实施例的间隙连接结构的剖视图。
图16为图15中E部分的局部放大图。
图17为图15中F部分的局部放大图。
图18为本发明一实施例的间隙连接结构的局部剖视图(二)。
图19为本发明一实施例的电池包的仰视结构示意图。
图20为本发明一实施例的电池包的结构示意图，其中，箱体盖板被隐藏。
附图标记说明：
电动汽车100，电池包10，箱体1，容纳箱11，箱体本体111，电芯容纳槽1111，槽口1112，箱体盖板112，密封件113，线缆管道114，侧壁加强结构115，底部加强结构116，焊接螺母116a，间隙连接结构2，盖板21，锁止孔211，C型连接板22，第一支撑板23，接插部23a，第一支撑板的上表面23b，第一支撑板的下表面23c，第二支撑板24，矩形孔24a，锁止配合机构3，锁轴31，固定块32，顶杆机构4，顶杆41，限位部411，第一台阶412，第二台阶413，导向座42，第一限位孔422，第二限位孔423，第一弹性件43，顶起座44，过渡槽441，第三台阶442，限位件443，第二弹性件45，连接底板5，定位孔51，减重孔52，第二电连接器6，车身纵梁20，车身支架30，锁止机构40，第一电连接器50
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本发明提供一种电动汽车100，其底盘的结构如图1所示，该电动汽车100具有沿前后方向平行设置的两根车身纵梁20，用于连接电动汽车100的主要部件，例如悬挂、车轮等，电动汽车用电池包也被安装在这两根车身纵梁20的下方，本实施例中，电动汽车100为重型汽车或轻型汽车，当然， 也可以应用于轿车等乘用车的车型上。
如图2和图3所示，本实施例中，在电动汽车100的两根车身纵梁20上同时连接有车身支架30，车身支架30为由型材焊接而成的框架式结构，各个锁止机构40设置在车身支架30的纵梁下表面位置处，用于与电池包10上的锁止配合机构3进行锁止连接，使得电池包10相对于车身支架30连接或脱离，实现更换电池的目的。其中，锁止机构40在车身支架30的下表面处呈两列布置，以分别对应于两个车身纵梁20，并且，这些锁止机构40沿着车身纵梁的长度方向A依次设置，以通过多点连接的方式，提高电池包10相对车身支架30及车身纵梁20的连接可靠性和稳定性。
同时，在车身支架30的端部位置，还设置有第一电连接器50，用于与电池包10侧面的第二电连接器6进行对接，以在电池包10安装于车身支架30时，实现相对电池包10的电连接，满足向电动汽车100进行供电的需求。
其中，如图2所示，电池包10设置在车身支架30的下方，以便于换电设备(图中为示出)能够从下方连接电池包10，并相对车身支架30的锁止机构40锁止或解锁该电池包10，实现电池包10的取放和转运。
电池包10的具体结构如图4所示，包括有箱体1、锁止配合机构3以及第二电连接器6。其中，第二电连接器6设置在箱体1的侧面中间位置处，以对应于车身支架30的第一电连接器50。箱体1由三个用于容纳电池模组的容纳箱11组成，三个容纳箱11沿着车身纵梁的宽度方向B依次间隔设置，以在相邻的两个容纳箱11支架形成间隙，而锁止配合机构3分布在这两个间隙中，并且对应于车身支架30的各锁止机构40的位置设置。
该电动汽车用电池包，其箱体1的各容纳箱11之间通过间隔设置的方式形成间隙，通过在间隙内设置锁止配合机构3，使得整个电动汽车用电池包的厚度能够降低，从而使得容纳该电动汽车用电池包的换电站能够容纳更多数量的电池包10，提高经济性。当该电动汽车用电池包安装在电动汽车100上时，为换电设备留下更多的高度方向上的空间，从而可以充分利用车身纵梁20下方的高度空间，使得换电设备可以从电动汽车的底部进行换电，而不必在设置下沉式空间或挖坑供换电设备进出，或者举升电动汽车从而为换电设备制造出足够的高度空间，从而降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
如图5所示，在锁止配合机构3包括水平设置的锁轴31，锁轴31的两端分别相邻侧的容纳箱11固定连接，锁轴31沿着电池包10的宽度方向(车身纵梁的宽度方向B)延伸且锁轴31设置的位置低于容纳箱11的上端。位于车身支架30上的锁止机构40具有对应于锁轴31设置的水平贯通的通槽，通槽用于供锁轴31穿过，实现锁轴31相对锁止机构40的锁止，其中，通过通槽容纳锁轴31的方式实现锁止，使得锁轴31的两端均能够被固定，以避免锁轴31为悬臂结构的情况发生，因此可提高锁轴31相对锁止机构40的连接稳定性。
如图6和图7所示，对于电池包10的箱体1，每个容纳箱11均包括箱体本体111和箱体盖板112。其中，箱体本体111内设有电芯容纳槽1111，该电池容纳槽111内设有电池模组，电池模组的尺寸可以小于电芯容纳槽1111，使得单个容纳箱11内能够同时容纳多个电池模组。而箱体盖板112则通过螺栓连接的方式相对箱体本体111的电芯容纳槽1111的槽口1112处进行连接，并遮盖和封闭整个槽口1112。通过这种结构方案，设置箱体盖板112相对箱体本体111开启，以便于电池模组相对容纳箱11的拆装和维修，同时，相对箱体本体111封闭箱体盖板112，以保护内部的电池模组，避免收外界环境因素的影响。
同时，为提高密封效果，容纳箱11还包括密封件113，该密封件113环绕于电芯容纳槽1111的槽口1112设置，并被夹设在箱体本体111的槽口1112和箱体盖板112之间(参见图7)。本实施例中，密封件113为发泡硅胶垫，实现可靠密封的目的，当然，在其他实施例中，也可采用其他密封材料实现密封。
其中，本实施例中的锁轴31的数量为多个，这些锁轴31沿着车身纵梁20的长度方向排布A，且锁轴31的两端分别与相邻侧的箱体本体连接，从而实现锁轴31的高度低于箱体的上端。在其他具体实施方式中，锁轴31的两端也可以与相邻侧的箱体盖板固定连接；锁轴31也可以只有一端是固定端且与其中一侧箱体本体或箱体盖板连接，另一端为自由端，也可以实现与锁止机构的锁止功能，此处不再赘述。
另外，如图7所示，在箱体本体111的周侧表面，还焊接有上下两组侧壁加强结构115，侧壁加强结构115由板材压弯制成，通过焊接的方式固定在箱体本体111的周侧表面，以加强箱体本体111的周侧强度，更好的保护箱体本体111。同时，在箱体本体111的底侧表面，同样焊接有底部加强结构116，用于承载电池模组，用于加强箱体本体111的底面强度，避免箱体本体111的底面在较大的承重情况下产生凹陷。底部加强结构116的表面布置有减重孔，实现减重、轻量化目的。在底部加强结构116的上表面还焊接有焊接螺母116a，以供电池模组进行螺纹连接固定。
如图8所示，本实施例中，在两个容纳箱11之间的间隙处，为了使得锁轴31更加牢固地连接在间隙中，锁轴31的两端分别连接至固定块32，通过在固定块32的顶端安装紧定螺钉的方式使锁轴31的端部固定在固定块32内，固定块32的结构如图9所示，两侧的容纳箱11的箱体本体111通过固定块32实现与锁轴31的连接。这种连接方案，可以提高锁轴31相对箱体本体111连接可靠性，因减重方面的考虑，箱体本体111的板材厚度不能过厚，通过固定块32转接连接锁轴31与箱体本体111和箱体盖板112，在箱体本体111板材不能过厚的情况下，通过固定块32增加连接锁轴31的接触面积，以更可靠的实现连接。当然，在其他实施例中，锁轴31也可通过固定块32固定在箱体盖板112上。
同时，在两个容纳箱11之间，通过间隙连接结构2实现两个容纳箱11之间可靠连接，并用于固 定锁轴31，相邻的容纳箱之间通过间隙连接结构连接并形成前述间隙，该间隙连接结构2包括盖板21，盖板21的结构如图10所示，固定块32是通过盖板21与相邻的容纳箱11的箱体本体111连接的，在间隙内设置盖板21实现相邻容纳箱11的箱体本体111之间的连接，提高相邻的容纳箱11之间的连接程度，使得箱体1整体更稳固。并且，盖板21覆盖在锁轴31的上方，盖板21上设有矩形的锁止孔211，且该锁止孔211形成在盖板21对应锁轴31的上方，以供锁止机构40伸入。盖板21通过位于两侧的端部21a贴合并焊接固定在两侧箱体本体111的侧表面的加强结构上，实现锁轴31、固定块32、盖板21和箱体本体111之间的可靠连接，以通过容纳箱11的箱体本体111或者箱体盖板112连接锁轴31的端部，提高锁轴31的结构强度，使得锁轴31更好的将电池包10连接于车身纵梁20上。
这种结构设置方案，当电动汽车用电池包连接在车身纵梁20上的车身支架30后，锁止孔211可以对锁止机构40产生限位作用，提高电动汽车用电池包相对车辆的车身纵梁20的定位能力，避免电动汽车用电池包锁止在电动汽车100上时产生晃动，同时定位块实现锁轴31两端的固定，从而使得锁轴31连接结构更加稳定。
如图8所示，进一步的，为了防止由于固定块受力过大而侧翻，在间隙连接结构2中还设置于一对C型连接板22，C型连接板22的结构如图11所示。这两块C型连接板22沿着车身纵梁的长度方向A延伸，并且这两块C型连接板22的开口22a方向呈相背设置，固定块32卡设在对应侧的C型连接板22内，锁轴31的端部在穿过固定块32后凸出于C型连接板22的开口22a。这种通过C型连接板22以上下包裹的方式实现相对固定块32的连接的方案，使固定块32之间的连接更可靠，各锁轴31的受力传递更均匀。
如图12所示，在电池包10沿着间隙的延伸方向(即车身纵梁的长度方向A)的局部剖视图中可以看出，在间隙连接结构2中还包括第一支撑板23和第二支撑板24，前述两种支撑板分别用于加强间隙连接结构2内的盖板21和C型连接板22的结构强度，使得锁轴31相对容纳箱11的箱体本体111的连接更加稳定可靠。
其中，第一支撑板23设置在两个成对设置的C型支连接板之间，第一支撑板23的结构如图13所示，在第一支撑板23沿着车身纵梁的宽度方向B的两端分别设有接插部23a，用于相对两个C型连接板22接插定位，并通过焊接的方式实现可靠连接，使两个C型连接板22能够通过第一支撑板23直接连接。本实施例中，在C型连接板22的延伸方向中(即车身纵梁的长度方向A)，设置有多个第一支撑板23，以使得两个C型连接板22的一体性更好，不会由于固定块受力过大而导致C型连接板22发生侧翻。此外，第一支撑板的上表面23b能够与盖板21进行贴合及焊接连接，第一支撑板的下表面23c能够通过螺钉固定的方式固定在第二支撑板24顶部的螺母中。
第二支撑板24的结构如图14所示，在第二支撑板24的顶部具有一个矩形孔24a，用于容纳和 焊接方形螺母，实现相对第一支撑板23的连接。如图12所示，第二支撑板24设置在C型连接板22的下方且分别与第一支撑板23和盖板21的内侧表面21b通过焊接的方式进行连接。通过这种结构设置，使第二支撑板24在C型连接板22的下方连接第一支撑板23和盖板21，进一步加强间隙连接结构处的结构强度，便于锁轴31在保持锁止于锁止机构40时的受力能够均匀分散，避免在间隙连接结构2上出现应力集中点。
如图15-图18所示，在电池包10沿着间隙的延伸方向(即车身纵梁的长度方向A)的剖视图中可以看出，该电池包10还包括用于解锁车身支架30上的锁止机构40的顶杆机构4，该顶杆机构4沿竖直方向设置在电池包10的间隙内，顶杆机构4包括有一根沿竖直方向延伸的顶杆41，顶杆41能够沿着竖直方向运动。具体的解锁方案是，通过承载该电池包10的换电设备上的解锁机构向上顶起该顶杆41，带动顶杆41向上运动，在顶杆机构4被驱动而沿竖直方向向上顶起时，通过与位于电动汽车100的车身支架30上的锁止机构的锁连杆进行接触，带动锁止机构40解锁，以实现解锁目的。本实施例中，将顶杆机构4设置在间隙内，避免顶杆41的设置占据容纳箱11的空间，而影响电池模组的设置数量，导致电池容量下降。
具体的，如图16所示，电动汽车用电池包还包括连接底板5，连接底板5设置在间隙内，且连接底板5的两端分别连接在两个箱体本体111上。顶杆机构4还包括焊接在连接底板5的上表面上的导向座42，在导向座42上设有导向孔，顶杆41穿在导向孔内，利用导向孔实现对顶杆41限位的目的，该结构设置可实现对顶杆41进行导向的目的，使顶杆41保持沿竖直方向进行移动。
如图17所示，顶杆机构4还包括第一弹性件43，在顶杆41上设有限位部411，第一弹性件43的两端分别连接于所述导向座42的顶端42a与顶杆41的限位部411，所述第一弹性件43用于向所述限位部411施加使顶杆41向下运动的作用力。通过设置第一弹性件43实现顶杆41的自动复位。本实施例中，顶杆41上的限位部411为穿在顶杆41侧面的销轴，第一弹性件43为弹簧且套设在顶杆上，通过设置销轴在顶杆41的侧面形成凸出结构，使得该凸出结构穿设在弹簧的两圈之间的间隙内，实现对第一弹性件43的定位。
另外，为了防止顶起机构被过度顶起而导致顶起机构或锁止机构损坏，顶杆机构4还包括顶起座44，该顶起座44活动设置在连接底板5上，并且顶起座44靠近顶杆41的一端开设有过渡槽441，过渡槽441的槽深方向为竖直方向且开口方向朝向顶杆41，顶杆41在靠近连接底板5的下端41a伸入过渡槽441内，并可沿着过渡槽441的槽深方向在过渡槽441内上下运动。
在顶起座44与顶杆41之间，通过第二弹性件45实现弹性连接，第二弹性件45相对顶起座44和顶杆41的设置位置如图16所示，第二弹性件45为螺旋弹簧，套在顶杆41的下端41a的外侧表面上。通过设置顶起座44和第二弹性件45，可以起到缓冲作用。在其他实施例中，第二弹性件45还可以设置在过渡槽441内部，同样可以起到顶起座44和顶杆41弹性连接的目的。
其中，在顶杆41上设有第一台阶412，第二弹性件45套设在顶杆41上，并且第二弹性件45的上端抵在第一台阶412上，第二弹性件45的下端抵在顶起座44的顶端。
如图17所示，在导向座42的导向孔包括位于顶端42a的第一限位孔422，该第一限位孔422与位于导向座42下侧的导向孔同轴设置，在顶杆41上设有与第一限位孔422的尺寸相匹配的第二台阶413，顶杆41在穿过第一限位孔422的情况下，当顶杆机构4处于初始状态时，顶杆41的第二台阶413能够抵靠在第一限位孔422处，以通过导向座42在升降方向实现限制顶杆41向下移动的位置的目的。
另外，导向座42的导向孔还包括位于下侧的第二限位孔423，顶起座44上设有第三台阶442，顶起座44穿在第二限位孔423的情况下，当顶杆机构4处于初始状态时，顶起座44通过第三台阶442抵靠在第二限位孔423处，实现限制顶起座44在升降方向上位置的目的。
其中，更为优选地，顶起座44的第三台阶442下侧的部分设有限位件443，当顶杆机构4向上移动并处于极限状态时，限位件443能够抵住导向座42，以限制所述顶起座44向上运动的最大行程。本实施例中，该限位件443为顶起座44的下端周向向外延伸的一块环状凸缘。
如图19所示，在每块连接底板5上，均设有一对定位孔51，定位孔51相对连接底板5及容纳箱11的位置如图19所示，定位孔51用于与换电设备上的定位销相配合。通过在连接底板5的所在位置处设置定位孔51，以充分利用间隙的空间设置定位结构，以避免定位孔51和顶杆41的设置占据容纳箱11的空间，而影响电池模组的设置数量，导致电池容量下降。
其中，定位孔51的截面形状呈矩形，每块连接底板5上的两个定位孔51的长度方向相互垂直。通过将两个朝向不同的矩形孔设置在顶杆41的两侧，提高定位精度。本实施例中，每块连接底板5上的两个定位孔51是沿着车身纵梁的长度方向A分布在顶杆41的两侧，以充分利用相邻容纳箱11之间的间隙空间，使在解锁前，换电设备与电池包实现精确对准，从而在解锁时，换电设备的解锁机构能够更加精准地将顶杆41顶起。
在其他具体实施方式中，定位孔51的形状不局限于本示例，也可以是圆形、椭圆形、三角形、五边形等等，当定位孔51为矩形孔时，两个定位孔51的长度方向的夹角也不一定为90°，也可以是其他使得两个定位孔51的长度方向不平行的夹角，此处不再赘述。
另外，如图8和图19所示，在连接底板5上还开设有减重孔52，以实现减重目的。
如图15和图20所示，箱体1还包括线缆管道114，线缆管道114设置在间隙内，并且在相邻两个容纳箱11的箱体本体111之间贯通，使得各容纳箱11之间的电芯容纳槽1111能够通过该线缆管道114实现连通，以使得不同容纳箱11内的电池模组的线缆能够通过该线缆管道114汇集在同一个容纳箱11内，以便于线缆布线，避免线缆外露。
此外，如图20所示，进一步的，固定在箱体本体111的侧表面的侧壁加强结构115为一整体结 构，即侧壁加强结构115沿着车身纵梁的宽度方向B延伸并同时与三个箱体本体111的侧表面连接，实现对箱体1的整体加强，三个容纳箱11之间的结构一致性更好。
当然，在其他实施例中，容纳箱11的数量也可以为两个或者四个以上。
在容纳箱11的数量为两个时，形成有一个间隙以供锁止配合机构3进行设置。在容纳箱11的数量为四个时，形成有三个间隙，可以在三个间隙中选择两个间隙设置锁止配合机构3，也可以在三个间隙内都设置锁止配合机构3。
在其他具体实施方式中，也可以不设置车身支架，而是直接将锁止机构40也可以设置在车身纵梁20的下表面上，当电动汽车用电池包连接在车身纵梁20上时，电动汽车用电池包位于车身纵梁20的下方，此处不再赘述。
在其他具体方式中，锁止机构与锁止配合机构不局限于本示例，也可以是T型锁止方式或者螺纹锁止方式，以下针对两种方式进行简要介绍。
第一种：T型锁止方式
锁止机构包括锁止座，锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔，第一开孔内设有第一螺纹部，该第一螺纹部为内螺纹，锁止配合机构包括安装座和解锁杆，该安装座内沿竖直方向延伸的第二开孔，解锁杆竖向设置在第二开孔内，该解锁杆可相对于安装座在竖直方向移动且解锁杆上设有与第一螺纹部相配合的第二螺纹部，第二螺纹部能够与第一螺纹部啮合，从而实现锁止机构与锁止配合机构的锁止和解锁。
第二种：螺纹锁止方式
锁止机构包括锁止座，锁止座具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔，该第一开孔内设有限位部，第一开孔为方形孔且第一开孔的上方形成该限位部，锁止配合机构包括解锁杆，该解锁杆的上端设有止挡部，止挡部包括沿水平方向延伸的锁止杆，该锁止杆为柱状体且水平设置在解锁杆的顶部，锁止杆与解锁杆共同构成T型结构。
当锁止杆处于第一角度时，锁止杆能够穿过第一开孔并进入锁止座的限位部内，当锁止杆旋转至第二角度时，锁止杆能够被限制在限位部内，从而使得锁止机构与锁止配合机构相对固定。
上述实施例中，充分利用车身纵梁20下方的高度空间，在换电设备对电池包10进行拆卸时，空载的换电设备可以直接进入电池包10的下方空间，且不与电动汽车100的底部产生干涉；在换电设备对电池包10进行安装时，承载有电池包10的换电设备也可以直接进入车身纵梁20的下方进行换电，且不与电动汽车100的底部产生干涉。整个过程中，既不需要举升车身，也不需要设置下沉式空间或挖坑用于供换电设备进出，降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度，降低对建站场地的要求，提高换电的效率。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明， 在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此，本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电动汽车用电池包，其安装于电动汽车的车身纵梁上，其特征在于，所述电动汽车用电池包包括：
    箱体，所述箱体内至少具有两个用于容纳电池模组的容纳箱，两个所述容纳箱之间间隔设置，并形成间隙；
    锁止配合机构，所述锁止配合机构设置于所述间隙内，所述锁止配合机构与所述车身纵梁上的锁止机构的锁止点低于所述容纳箱的上端。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述锁止配合机构包括水平设置的锁轴，且所述锁轴沿着所述电池包的宽度方向延伸。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，每个所述容纳箱均包括：
    箱体本体，所述箱体本体内设有电芯容纳槽，所述电池模组设置于所述电芯容纳槽内；
    箱体盖板，所述箱体盖板可拆卸连接于所述箱体本体的电芯容纳槽的槽口处并封闭所述槽口。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述容纳箱还包括密封件，所述密封件环设于所述电芯容纳槽的槽口，并夹设于所述箱体本体和所述箱体盖板之间；
    和/或，所述锁轴的一端或两端分别与相邻所述箱体本体或箱体盖板连接；
    优选的，所述锁轴的数量为多个，且多个所述锁轴沿着所述车身纵梁的长度方向排布。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述间隙内设有固定块，所述锁轴的两端均连接所述固定块，所述固定块与相邻的所述箱体本体或箱体盖板连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，相邻的所述容纳箱之间通过间隙连接结构连接并形成所述间隙；
    所述间隙连接结构包括：
    盖板，所述固定块通过所述盖板与相邻的所述容纳箱的箱体本体连接；
    优选的，所述盖板对应所述锁止机构的位置处设有锁止孔，所述锁轴位于所述锁止孔的下方。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述间隙连接结构还包括一对C型连接板，所述C型连接板沿着所述车身纵梁的长度方向延伸，一对所述C型连接板的开口方向相背设置，所述固定块卡设在对应侧的所述C型连接板内；
    优选的，所述间隙连接结构还包括第一支撑板，所述第一支撑板设置于一对所述C型支连接板之间，且第一支撑板沿着所述车身纵梁的宽度方向的两端分别与一对所述C型连接板连接；
    优选的，所述间隙连接结构还包括第二支撑板，所述第二支撑板设置于所述C型连接板的下方且分别与所述第一支撑板和所述盖板连接。
  8. 如权利要求3-7任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述电动汽车用电池包还包括用于解锁所述锁止机构的顶杆机构，所述顶杆机构设置于所述间隙内，所述顶杆机构包括顶杆，所述顶杆竖向设置且可沿着竖直方向运动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述电动汽车用电池包还包括连接底板，所述连接底板设置于所述间隙内，且所述连接底板的两端分别连接于两个所述箱体本体上；
    所述顶杆机构还包括设置于所述连接底板上的导向座，所述导向座上设有导向孔，所述顶杆穿设于所述导向孔。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述顶杆机构还包括第一弹性件，所述顶杆上设有限位部，所述第一弹性件的两端分别连接于所述导向座与限位部，所述第一弹性件用于向所述限位部施加使所述顶杆向下运动的作用力；
    优选的，所述第一弹性件套设在所述顶杆上。
  11. 如权利要求9、10所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述顶杆机构还包括：
    顶起座，所述顶起座活动设置于所述连接底板上且所述顶起座靠近所述顶杆的一端开设有过渡槽，所述过渡槽的槽深方向为竖直方向，所述顶杆靠近所述连接底板的一端伸入所述过渡槽内，并可沿着所述过渡槽的槽深方向在所述过渡槽内运动；
    第二弹性件，所述顶起座与所述顶杆通过所述第二弹性件弹性连接；
    优选的，所述顶杆上设有第一台阶，所述第二弹性件套设在所述顶杆上且所述第二弹性件的第一端抵设在所述第一台阶上，所述第二弹性件的第二端抵设在所述顶起座上。
  12. 如权利要求9-11任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述导向座上开设有第一限位孔，所述第一限位孔与所述导向孔同轴设置，所述顶杆上设有第二台阶，所述顶杆穿设在所述第一限位孔内；
    当所述顶杆机构处于初始状态时，所述顶杆的第二台阶抵靠在所述第一限位孔处。
  13. 如权利要求11、12任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述导向座上开设有第二限位孔，所述顶起座上设有第三台阶，所述顶起座穿设在所述第二限位孔内；
    当所述顶杆机构处于初始状态时，所述顶起座的第三台阶抵靠在所述第二限位孔处；
    优选的，所述顶起座的第三台阶以下的部分所述顶起座设有限位件；
    当所述顶杆机构处于极限状态时，所述限位件抵住所述导向座。
  14. 如权利要求9-13任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，在所述连接底板上还设有至少一对定位孔，所述定位孔用于与换电设备上的定位销相配合；
    优选的，所述定位孔的截面形状呈矩形，两个所述定位孔的长度方向不相同；
    和/或，所述定位孔沿所述车身纵梁的长度方向分布于所述顶杆的两侧。
  15. 如权利要求9-14任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述连接底板上开设有减重孔。
  16. 如权利要求3-15任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，电动汽车用电池包还包括用于与所述车身纵梁上的第一电连接器对接的第二电连接器，所述第二电连接器设置于所述箱体对应于所述第一电连接器的位置处，且所述第二电连接器与所述电池模组电连接；
    优选的，所述箱体还包括：
    线缆管道，所述线缆管道设置在所述间隙内，且相邻所述容纳箱的电芯容纳槽通过所述线缆管道连通。
  17. 如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，其特征在于，所述容纳箱的数量为三个，三个所述容纳箱间隔设置形成两个所述间隙，所述锁止配合机构分设置于两个所述间隙内。
  18. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，包括车身纵梁与如权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电动汽车用电池包，所述车身纵梁上设有锁止机构，所述电动汽车用电池包通过所述锁止配合机构与锁止机构配合可拆卸连接于所述车身纵梁上。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电动汽车还包括车身支架，所述车身支架设置在所述车身纵梁上，所述锁止机构设置在所述车身支架上；
    和/或，所述锁止配合机构包括水平设置的锁轴，且所述锁轴沿着所述车身纵梁的宽度方向延伸，所述锁止机构包括贯通的供所述锁轴穿过的通槽。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电动汽车，其特征在于，所述电动汽车用电池包的顶部位于所述车身支架或车身纵梁的下方。
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