WO2024011959A1 - 电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024011959A1
WO2024011959A1 PCT/CN2023/085606 CN2023085606W WO2024011959A1 WO 2024011959 A1 WO2024011959 A1 WO 2024011959A1 CN 2023085606 W CN2023085606 W CN 2023085606W WO 2024011959 A1 WO2024011959 A1 WO 2024011959A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
locking
bracket
quick
vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/085606
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
王凯枫
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024011959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024011959A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/36—Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of battery exchange, and in particular relates to an electric vehicle.
  • Existing battery pack installation methods for electric vehicles are generally divided into fixed type and quick-change type.
  • fixed type batteries are generally fixed on the vehicle, and the vehicle is directly used as the charging object during charging.
  • the quick-change battery pack is generally fixed on the vehicle's bracket through movable installation. The battery pack can be removed to replace or charge the battery box separately. After the replaced battery pack is fully charged, reinstall it on the vehicle.
  • the overall battery pack is large and heavy, making replacement difficult.
  • the weight of the vehicle body and cargo is very large, resulting in large vehicles having a high demand for battery pack capacity.
  • the electric energy must be large enough to support large vehicles traveling hundreds of kilometers. In this case Under the circumstances, it is very difficult to replace the entire battery pack, and large-scale transportation equipment is required to pick up, place and transport the battery pack, which in turn results in high production costs.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle in order to overcome the defect in the prior art that the battery pack is large and therefore difficult to replace.
  • An electric vehicle including:
  • a quick-change bracket is connected to the vehicle beam of the vehicle body;
  • the quick-change bracket forms a plurality of battery pack accommodation areas along the length direction of the vehicle body, and each accommodation area is independently provided with locking mechanism;
  • a plurality of battery packs the battery pack has a locking piece, the locking piece is detachably connected to the locking mechanism, and the plurality of battery packs are respectively connected to the corresponding battery pack through the locking piece.
  • accommodating area, and a plurality of battery packs are arranged side by side along the length direction of the vehicle body body.
  • the position of the quick-change bracket relative to the body frame can be adjusted according to the internal layout of the electric vehicle and the structure of the battery to adapt to different types of electric vehicles, so the arrangement between battery packs is more flexible.
  • multiple battery packs are placed in multiple battery pack storage areas, and the battery packs are divided into boxes to facilitate the replacement of battery packs and save labor when replacing battery packs.
  • the battery packs After the battery packs are placed in separate boxes, they can be used according to the needs of the electric vehicle. power, matching and installing different numbers of battery packs, with strong compatibility; in addition, the battery packs are divided into boxes. Compared with transporting the entire battery pack, there is no need to use large-scale transportation equipment to transport the divided battery packs, which reduces the cost of equipment materials. Book.
  • the battery pack is divided into boxes along the length of the vehicle (X direction). Compared with boxing along the width direction of the vehicle (Y direction), X-direction boxing is less likely to cause unbalanced loading during the battery swap process, and it is only mounted on the electric vehicle. Even if some battery packs are used, it will not cause unbalanced loading of the vehicle, making the use more flexible and better in applicability; in addition, the X-direction binning also facilitates the unlocking mechanism on the battery swapping equipment to follow the gaps between multiple battery packs. After the unlocking operation, the battery swapping equipment will not interfere with the battery pack when moving from the side of the vehicle to the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the quick-change bracket includes a bracket body, which is a frame structure.
  • the bracket body includes a plurality of first support beams spaced along the length direction of the body body and a plurality of first support beams spaced along the length direction of the body body.
  • a second support beam extends in the length direction of the body.
  • the second support beams are respectively connected to both ends of the first support beam.
  • the first support beam and the second support beam are connected to form the frame. Structure, the space between two adjacent first support beams along the length direction of the vehicle body forms the battery pack accommodation area; the locking mechanism is provided on the side of the first support beam .
  • the position of the bracket body relative to the vehicle beam can be adjusted according to the internal layout of the electric vehicle and the structure or number of battery packs to adapt to different types of electric vehicles. Therefore, the arrangement between battery packs It is more flexible and reduces the overall processing difficulty of the quick-change bracket.
  • the bracket body adopts a frame structure, which has high structural strength and is conducive to weight reduction.
  • the locking mechanism is distributed on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area; along the width and/or length direction of the vehicle body body, the battery
  • the side wall of the bag is provided with the locking piece that cooperates with the locking mechanism.
  • the locking mechanism is located on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area.
  • the locking member is located on the side wall of the battery pack.
  • the space layout is reasonable to facilitate the process of the battery pack entering the battery pack receiving area. , realize the connection between the locking piece and the locking mechanism.
  • At least two of the locking mechanisms are provided on at least one side of the battery pack containing area along the length and/or width of the vehicle body, and at least two of the locking mechanisms are arranged along the length and/or width of the vehicle body.
  • the length and/or width direction intervals of the body are set.
  • multiple locking points are set between the battery pack and the battery pack storage area.
  • the battery pack is fixed in the battery pack storage area through multiple locking mechanisms to improve the battery life.
  • the bag locks into the quick-change bracket for reliability and stability.
  • the locking member is located in the middle or below the middle of the battery pack.
  • connection with the locking mechanism is realized through the locking piece located in the middle or below the middle area of the battery pack.
  • the connection point is located in the middle or below the middle area of the battery pack, reducing the area where the battery pack needs to be suspended. , high locking stability.
  • the battery pack is located at the bottom of the vehicle beam, or the battery pack is partially higher than the lower surface of the vehicle beam.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is used to set the installation space of the battery pack at the bottom of the vehicle beam, making full use of the space under the vehicle beam, which is beneficial to improving the rationality of the space layout.
  • the battery pack part is higher than the lower surface of the vehicle beam, which effectively improves space utilization and increases the distance from the ground to the lower surface of the battery pack, making it easier for power-changing equipment to enter and exit the bottom of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack accommodation area includes a plurality of sub-accommodation areas arranged side by side along the body width direction of the electric vehicle, and the sub-accommodation areas are used to independently install the battery pack.
  • the battery pack storage area is divided into multiple sub-storage areas. Multiple battery packs can be installed in a single battery pack storage area, further reducing the size and weight of a single battery pack and reducing the need for battery replacement. device requirements, thereby reducing battery swapping cost.
  • the quick-change bracket includes two sets of sub-brackets spaced apart along the length direction of the vehicle body, at least one side of the sub-brackets forms the battery pack receiving area, and the sub-brackets include a plurality of Segmented beams are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the vehicle body body.
  • the segmented beams are connected to the vehicle beam.
  • the locking mechanism is provided on at least the outer side wall of the segmented beams.
  • the number of segmented beams can be increased or reduced according to actual needs, which has high flexibility and facilitates improvement of the stability of battery pack installation.
  • the quick-change bracket includes a plurality of independent bracket bodies, the plurality of independent bracket bodies are distributed along the length direction of the vehicle body body, and each of the bracket bodies forms a battery pack receiving area; so The locking mechanism is arranged on the side of the bracket body.
  • the number of bracket bodies and the position relative to the vehicle beam can be adjusted according to the internal layout of the electric vehicle and the structure of the battery pack to adapt to different types of electric vehicles.
  • the layout of the quick-change bracket is more flexible.
  • a plurality of the locking mechanisms are relatively arranged in the battery pack receiving area of the bracket body.
  • the locking mechanism is located in a relatively closed space between the two body beams, which provides high safety.
  • At least two locking mechanisms are provided on one side of the battery pack containing area along the length direction of the vehicle body body, and the at least two locking mechanisms are spaced apart along the width direction of the vehicle body body. set up.
  • the quick-change bracket includes a first connecting beam extending along the length direction of the body body, and a second connecting beam extending along the body body perpendicular to the ground.
  • the quick-changing bracket passes through the The first connecting beam is connected to the side portion of the vehicle beam through the second connecting beam.
  • the quick-change bracket can be fixed in the vertical direction through the second connecting beam on the basis that the first connecting beam can be fixed in the horizontal direction, so that the quick-changing bracket is fixed more firmly relative to the vehicle beam.
  • the quick-change bracket includes a bracket body, a plurality of first reinforcing ribs and a plurality of second reinforcing ribs, and the plurality of first reinforcing ribs are spaced between the first connecting beam and the bracket body.
  • a plurality of second reinforcing ribs are arranged at intervals between the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam.
  • the second connecting beam, the bracket body and the first reinforcing rib form a solid structure to ensure the connection reliability of the quick-change bracket.
  • the first connecting beam, the car beam and the second reinforcing rib form a solid structure to ensure the connection reliability of the quick-change bracket.
  • the quick-change bracket also includes a connector assembly.
  • the connector assembly includes a vehicle-end connector and a mounting piece. Each of the battery pack receiving areas is provided with the mounting piece.
  • the component is connected to the quick-change bracket, and the vehicle end connector is provided on the mounting component.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and a vehicle-side connector is provided in each battery pack storage area, so that each battery pack can independently supply power to the electric vehicle, thereby meeting the needs of boxing.
  • the vehicle-end connector is connected to the quick-change bracket through an installation piece.
  • the connection is stable and reliable.
  • the installation piece can be installed using the free area in the battery pack storage area, which can avoid installation interference with the locking mechanism.
  • the installation space is reserved for the vehicle-side connector to avoid occupying other spaces, which is beneficial to improving the rationality of the space layout.
  • the installation component includes a support beam and a support plate, the support plate is connected to the quick-change bracket through the support beam, and the vehicle end connector is provided on the support plate, or, the
  • the mounting component includes a mounting plate, the mounting plate is connected to the quick-change bracket, and the vehicle end connector is provided on the mounting plate.
  • the above structural form is adopted, and the support plate used to install the vehicle-end connector is fixed on the quick-change bracket through the support beam.
  • the two ends of the support plate can be directly installed on the Quick-change bracket saves material usage.
  • the support plate for installing the vehicle-end connector is directly connected to the quick-change bracket, which helps improve assembly efficiency and facilitates parts processing.
  • the number of the vehicle beams is two, the two vehicle beams are symmetrically distributed along the central axis in the length direction of the vehicle body body, and the mounting member is located between the two vehicle beams.
  • the installation piece is located between the vehicle beams, which means that the vehicle-end connector is located between the two vehicle beams.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a first limiting mechanism, which is installed on the quick-change bracket and used to cooperate with the positioning hole on the top of the battery pack to adjust the battery pack. Position the battery pack as described above.
  • the above structural form is adopted, and the positioning between the battery pack and the quick-change bracket is realized through the cooperation of the first limiting mechanism and the positioning hole, so as to play a guiding role when the battery pack is installed into the quick-change bracket.
  • the first limiting mechanism and the positioning hole that cooperate with each other can limit the position of the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from shaking while the vehicle is driving.
  • the electric vehicle further includes a second limiting mechanism, the second limiting mechanism is provided at two opposite ends along the length direction of the body body, and at two opposite ends along the width direction of the body body. end.
  • the second limiting mechanism can position the battery pack with two degrees of freedom in the horizontal direction at opposite ends of the length and width directions of the vehicle body, thereby achieving positioning stability.
  • the second limiting mechanism includes a limiting seat and a limiting member, one of the limiting seat and the limiting member is provided on the battery pack, and the other is provided on the bracket body, An elastic piece is provided on the limiting seat, and the battery pack is positioned by the limiting member contacting the elastic piece.
  • the elastic piece is used to prevent rigid collision between the battery pack and the quick-change bracket to achieve elastic buffering.
  • the elastic piece cooperates with the limiting protrusion to limit the displacement of the battery pack in the battery pack accommodation area and prevent the battery from being The package is damaged. Since the space for the quick-change bracket to contact the battery pack in the horizontal direction is limited, the extrusion positioning method of the stopper and the elastic piece can improve the space utilization and achieve better positioning effect in the horizontal direction.
  • the ends of the elastic pieces are inclined to form guide slopes.
  • the end of the elastic piece is inclined to form a guide slope.
  • the guide slope makes the elastic piece have better elasticity and better guideability, thereby facilitating the installation and positioning of the elastic member relative to the quick-change bracket, and also helping to further Limit the movement of the elastic piece relative to the quick-change bracket.
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking bracket, the locking bracket is provided with a channel extending in the direction of gravity, and the locking mechanism It also includes a first locking part and a second locking part, the first locking part is rotatably installed on the locking bracket; the first locking part is configured to operate when the first locking part When rotated to the locking position, the locking member located in the channel can be prevented from moving downward to lock the locking member; the second locking portion is configured to lock the locking member when the first locking member is locked. When the first locking portion rotates to the locking position, the first locking portion can be prevented from rotating, so that the first locking portion remains in the locking position.
  • the second locking part limits the position of the first locking part.
  • the locking is convenient and reliable, which is conducive to improving the installation and installation of the battery pack.
  • the efficiency of disassembly facilitates rapid replacement of battery packs.
  • the quick-change bracket further includes a protective plate covering the top of the battery pack.
  • the above structural form is adopted, and the top of the battery pack is covered with a protective plate to reduce dust, rainwater and other debris from entering the battery pack storage area to avoid affecting the performance of the battery pack.
  • a buffer pad is provided on the side of the protective plate facing the top of the battery pack, and/or an avoidance portion is provided on the side of the protective plate facing the top of the battery pack.
  • providing a buffer pad can prevent the battery pack surface from being scratched when the battery pack is moved, protect the battery pack, and also reduce the shaking of the battery pack.
  • the vehicle-end connector can be installed on the protection plate. There is a gap between the battery pack and the protection plate in the area other than the connection point of the vehicle-end connector.
  • the buffer pad can compensate for the gap and ensure uniform load distribution.
  • an avoidance part is provided in the protective plate to facilitate wiring.
  • the vehicle-end connector can also be installed in the avoidance part. The space layout is reasonable to avoid contact interference between the vehicle-end connector and the protection plate.
  • the electric vehicle is an electric truck.
  • the positive and progressive effect of the present invention is that: multiple battery packs are placed in multiple battery pack storage areas, and the battery packs are designed in separate boxes, which facilitates the replacement of battery packs and saves effort when replacing battery packs; after the battery packs are placed in separate boxes, they can be installed according to the electric
  • the power consumption required by the vehicle can be matched with the installation of different numbers of battery packs, with strong compatibility; in addition, the battery packs are divided into boxes. Compared with transporting the entire battery pack, there is no need to use large transportation equipment to transport the divided battery packs. , reduce equipment material costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an electric vehicle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an electric vehicle in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an electric vehicle in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an electric vehicle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of a tram vehicle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is a partially enlarged three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the transfer frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the locking structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the second limiting mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the quick-change bracket in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the quick-change bracket and battery pack in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the quick-change bracket and battery pack in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the quick-change bracket and the battery pack in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Electric vehicle 100 body body 1; vehicle beam 11; quick change bracket 2; bracket body 21; first support beam 201; second support beam 202; first connecting beam 203; second connecting beam 204; first reinforcing rib 205 ; Second reinforcing rib 206; Transfer frame 3; Cross beam 31; Longitudinal beam 32; Battery pack 4; Locking mechanism 5; Locking bracket 51; First locking part 52; Second locking part 53; Locking member 6; Connector assembly 7; Car end connector 71; Installation piece 72; Support beam 720; Support plate 721; Positioning pin 8; Guide surface 81; Limit seat 91; Limit piece 92; Elastic piece 93; Guide slope 930 .
  • this embodiment provides an electric vehicle 100, and the electric vehicle 100 is an electric truck.
  • the electric truck includes: a body body, a quick-change bracket 2 and a plurality of battery packs 4.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 is connected to the beam 11 of the body body; the quick-change bracket 2 is formed along the length direction of the body body.
  • the multiple battery packs 4 are respectively locked by The components 6 are connected to the corresponding battery pack receiving areas, and the plurality of battery packs 4 are arranged side by side along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the position of the quick-change bracket 2 relative to the body frame can be adjusted according to the internal layout of the electric vehicle 100 and the structure of the battery to adapt to different types of electric vehicles 100. Therefore, the arrangement of the battery packs 4 is more flexible. Specifically, multiple battery packs 4 are placed through multiple battery pack storage areas, and the multiple battery packs 4 are arranged side by side and fixed on the body of the electric vehicle 100 through quick-change brackets 2 along the width direction of the body.
  • the pack 4 is designed in separate boxes to facilitate the replacement of the battery pack 4 and save labor when replacing the battery pack 4; after the battery pack 4 is placed in separate boxes, different numbers of battery packs 4 can be installed according to the power consumption required by the electric vehicle 100, which is compatible with
  • the battery pack 4 is arranged in separate boxes.
  • the plurality of battery packs 4 are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle body, which can effectively utilize the space at the bottom of the vehicle beam 11 and both sides of the vehicle beam, and the space utilization rate is high.
  • the electric vehicle in this embodiment is an electric truck.
  • the electric truck requires large power and total energy during operation, so it needs to be adapted to a larger-volume battery. Through the above settings, a small-volume battery can be adapted to an electric truck. on trucks, thereby reducing battery replacement costs.
  • the battery pack is divided into boxes along the length of the vehicle (X direction). Compared with boxing along the width direction of the vehicle (Y direction), X-direction boxing is less likely to cause unbalanced loading during the battery swap process, and it is only mounted on the electric vehicle. Even if some battery packs are used, it will not cause unbalanced loading of the vehicle, making the use more flexible and better in applicability; in addition, the X-direction binning also facilitates the unlocking mechanism on the battery swapping equipment to follow the gaps between multiple battery packs. After the unlocking operation, the battery swapping equipment will not interfere with the battery pack when moving from the side of the vehicle to the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 includes a bracket body 21.
  • the bracket body 21 is a frame structure.
  • the bracket body 21 includes a plurality of brackets that are spaced along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the second support beams 202 are respectively connected to both ends of the first support beam 201.
  • the first support beams 201 and the second support beams 202 are arranged at intervals.
  • the support beams 202 are connected and enclosed to form a frame structure, and the space between two adjacent first support beams 201 along the length direction of the vehicle body forms a battery pack storage area; the locking mechanism 5 is provided on the side of the first support beam 201 department.
  • the position of the bracket body 21 relative to the vehicle beam 11 can be adjusted to adapt to different types of electric vehicles 100. Therefore, the distance between the battery packs 4
  • the arrangement is more flexible and reduces the overall processing difficulty of the quick-change bracket 2.
  • the bracket body 21 adopts a frame structure, which has high structural strength and is conducive to weight reduction.
  • the battery pack accommodation area includes a plurality of sub-accommodation areas arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle body, and each sub-accommodation area is provided with a locking mechanism. Therefore, each sub-accommodation area can independently install the battery pack, that is, , each battery pack storage area can install multiple small battery packs, which further reduces the size and weight of a single battery pack, reduces the requirements for power replacement devices, and thereby reduces the cost of power replacement.
  • each battery accommodation area can be divided into three sub-accommodation areas along the width direction of the vehicle body, and a small battery pack is provided in each sub-accommodation area.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 Nine independent battery packs can be installed simultaneously.
  • the number of sub-accommodating areas in each battery pack containing area on the same quick-change bracket 2 can be different.
  • the battery pack containing area at the front of the car body can have three sub-accommodating areas, and the battery pack containing area in the middle can only have three sub-accommodating areas. Has two sub-containing areas.
  • those skilled in the art can arbitrarily adjust the number and arrangement of the sub-accommodation areas.
  • the locking member 6 is located in the middle of the battery pack 4, and is connected to the locking mechanism 5 through the locking member 6 located in the middle or below the middle of the battery pack 4.
  • the connection The point is located in the middle or below the middle of the battery pack 4, which reduces the area where the battery pack 4 needs to be suspended and provides high locking stability.
  • the locking member 6 may also be located in a region below the middle of the battery pack 4 . There is no specific limitation here, and adaptive adjustments can be made according to actual needs, as long as the locking member 6 can be connected to the corresponding battery pack receiving area.
  • the battery pack 4 is located at the bottom of the vehicle beam 11.
  • the installation space of the battery pack 4 is set at the bottom of the vehicle beam 11, which makes full use of the space under the vehicle beam 11 and helps improve the rationality of the space layout.
  • the part of the battery pack 4 is higher than the lower surface of the vehicle beam 11, which effectively improves space utilization and increases the distance from the ground of the lower surface of the battery pack 4, making it easier for power-changing equipment to enter and exit the bottom of the battery pack 4.
  • the battery pack 4 can also be partially higher than the lower surface of the vehicle beam 11 .
  • one or more parts of the battery pack 4 protrude upward and are higher than the vehicle beam 11 to fully utilize the space above. .
  • the shape and position of the battery pack 4 are not specifically limited here.
  • the locking mechanisms 5 are distributed on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area, and the side walls of the battery pack 4 are provided with locking pieces 6 that cooperate with the locking mechanisms 5 .
  • the locking mechanism 5 is located on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area.
  • the locking member 6 is located on the side wall of the battery pack 4.
  • the space layout is reasonable so that the locking member can be realized when the battery pack 4 enters the battery pack receiving area. 6 and the connection of the locking mechanism 5.
  • the locking mechanisms 5 are distributed on both sides of the battery pack receiving area.
  • the locking mechanism 5 is located on both sides of the battery pack receiving area, and the locking points are located on both sides of the battery pack 4 so that both sides of the battery pack 4 can be connected to the battery pack receiving area to improve balance.
  • the locking mechanism 5 is distributed on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area along the width direction of the vehicle body 1 , and the side wall of the battery pack 4 is provided with a lock that cooperates with the locking mechanism 5 Stop 6.
  • the locking mechanisms 5 are distributed on both sides of the battery pack receiving area.
  • the locking mechanisms 5 are distributed on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area, and the side walls of the battery pack 4 are provided with locking pieces 6 that cooperate with the locking mechanisms 5 ; along the width of the vehicle body 1 direction, the locking mechanism 5 is distributed on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area, and the side wall of the battery pack 4 is provided with a locking piece 6 that cooperates with the locking mechanism 5 .
  • the locking mechanisms 5 are distributed around the battery pack receiving area, and the locking parts 6 on the surrounding side walls of the battery pack 4 are fixed in the battery pack receiving area through the locking mechanisms 5. The locking effect is stable and further prevents Battery pack 4 dropped.
  • At least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area, and the at least two locking mechanisms 5 are spaced apart along the length direction of the vehicle body 1 .
  • On one side of the battery pack storage area multiple locking points are set between the battery pack 4 and the battery pack storage area.
  • the battery pack 4 is fixed in the battery pack storage area through multiple locking mechanisms 5 to improve the battery pack 4 Locked into the quick change bracket 2 for reliability and stability.
  • at least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on both sides of the battery pack receiving area along the width direction of the vehicle body 1 .
  • At least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on one side of the battery pack storage area along the length direction of the vehicle body 1 , and at least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided along the width of the vehicle body 1 Direction interval setting.
  • at least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on both sides of the battery pack receiving area along the length direction of the vehicle body 1 .
  • At least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on at least one side of the battery pack receiving area, and the at least two locking mechanisms 5 are spaced apart along the length direction of the vehicle body 1 ; along the length direction of the vehicle body 1 In the length direction, at least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on one side of the battery pack storage area, and the at least two locking mechanisms 5 are spaced apart along the width direction of the vehicle body 1 .
  • at least two locking mechanisms 5 are provided on both sides of the battery pack storage area; along the length direction of the body body 1, at least two locking mechanisms 5 are also provided on both sides of the battery pack storage area. 5 locking mechanisms.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 includes a first connecting beam 203 extending along the length direction of the vehicle body, and a second connecting beam 204 extending along the body body perpendicular to the ground.
  • the quick-changing bracket 2 is connected through the first connecting beam 203 .
  • the beam 203 is connected to the side portion of the vehicle beam 11 through the second connecting beam 204 .
  • the first connecting beam 203 is installed on the side of the vehicle beam 11 to make the installation space larger and to facilitate installation and disassembly.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 can be fixed in the vertical direction through the first connecting beam 203 on the basis that the first connecting beam 203 can be fixed in the vertical direction, so that the quick-changing bracket 2 is fixed more firmly relative to the vehicle beam 11 .
  • the quick-change bracket 2 includes a plurality of first reinforcing ribs 205 and a plurality of second reinforcing ribs 206.
  • the plurality of first reinforcing ribs 205 are spaced between the first connecting beam 203 and the bracket body 21.
  • the second reinforcing ribs 206 are spaced between the first connecting beam 203 and the second connecting beam 204.
  • the second connecting beam 204, the bracket body 21 and the first reinforcing rib 205 form a solid structure to ensure the connection reliability of the battery pack 4 bracket.
  • the first connecting beam 203, the vehicle beam 11 and the second reinforcing rib 206 form a solid structure to ensure the connection reliability of the battery pack 4 bracket.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 also includes a connector assembly 7.
  • the connector assembly 7 includes a vehicle-mounted connector 71 and a mounting piece 72. Each battery pack receiving area is provided with a mounting piece 72.
  • the mounting piece 72 Connected to the quick-change bracket 2, the vehicle-end connector 71 is provided on the mounting piece 72.
  • the installation part 72 includes a support beam 720 and a support plate 721.
  • the support plate 721 is connected to the quick-change bracket 2 through the support beam 720.
  • the vehicle end connector 71 is provided on the support plate 721.
  • the vehicle end connector 71 is connected to the quick change bracket through the mounting piece 72 2, the connection is stable and reliable, and the installation part 72 can be installed using the free area in the battery pack accommodation area, which can avoid installation interference with the locking mechanism, and can reserve installation space for the vehicle-end connector 71 to avoid occupying other parts. space, which is conducive to improving the rationality of space layout.
  • the mounting member 72 includes a mounting plate, the mounting plate is connected to the quick-change bracket 2 , and the vehicle end connector 71 is disposed on the mounting plate.
  • the vehicle-end connector 71 includes a liquid cooling connector and an electrical connector, and the liquid cooling connector and the electrical connector are arranged on the mounting plate in sequence.
  • the vehicle-side electrical connector on the quick-change bracket 2 is connected to the circuit control unit of the electric vehicle 100, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the battery pack 4 and the electric vehicle 100, so that the battery pack 4 can provide power to the electric vehicle 100.
  • the liquid cooling connector is connected to the cooling system of the electric vehicle 100. The coolant can flow into the battery pack 4 through the battery end water connector and the vehicle end water connector to cool or insulate the battery pack 4 to ensure that the temperature of the battery pack 4 is always maintained at Within the normal range, the normal power supply of the battery pack 4 is guaranteed.
  • the electrical connector and the liquid cooling connector are installed on the top of the quick-change bracket 2.
  • the battery-end electrical connector is installed on the side wall of the battery pack 4, it can avoid battery-end electrical connectors.
  • the connector occupies the space on the side of the battery, thereby allowing more space on the side of the battery pack 4 to install other structures.
  • the number of vehicle beams 11 is two.
  • the two vehicle beams 11 are symmetrically distributed along the central axis in the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the mounting member 72 is located between the two vehicle beams 11 .
  • the mounting piece 72 is located between the vehicle beams 11 , that is to say, the electrical connector is installed between the vehicle beams 11 .
  • the load is balanced and more balanced. It is stable and safer, and effectively utilizes the internal space of the electric vehicle 100 .
  • the electric vehicle 100 also includes a first limiting mechanism.
  • the first limiting mechanism is installed on the quick-change bracket 2 and is used to cooperate with the positioning hole on the top of the battery pack 4.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 is also provided with a guide mechanism, which effectively improves the space utilization of the electric vehicle 100 and improves the accuracy of positioning with the battery pack 4 .
  • the positioning between the battery pack 4 and the quick-change bracket 2 is achieved through the cooperation of the first limiting mechanism and the positioning hole, so as to play a guiding role when the battery pack 4 is installed into the quick-change bracket 2 to improve the entry of the battery pack 4 into the battery.
  • the installation accuracy in the accommodation area of the battery pack 4 improves the installation efficiency of the battery pack 4 .
  • the first limiting mechanism and the positioning hole that cooperate with each other can limit the position of the battery pack 4 to prevent the battery pack 4 from shaking during the driving of the vehicle.
  • the first limiting mechanism is a positioning pin 8.
  • the end of the positioning pin 8 close to the battery pack 4 has a guide surface 81 with a gradually decreasing diameter.
  • the positioning pin 8 gradually The reduced guide surface 81 can tolerate a certain offset error and make it easier to insert the limiting mechanism into the positioning hole of the battery pack 4. Even with a small error in the horizontal direction, the battery pack 4 can be accurately aligned.
  • the positioning pins 8 can be provided on both sides of the support plate 721 .
  • the cross-sections of the positioning pins 8 and the positioning holes can also be non-circular.
  • diamond-shaped pins can be used, which are easier to install than circular pins. Orientation, but lacks a certain degree of freedom. Adaptive adjustments can be made according to actual needs. There are no specific limitations here.
  • the electric vehicle 100 further includes a second limiting mechanism.
  • the second limiting mechanism is provided at two opposite ends along the length direction of the vehicle body and at two opposite ends along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the second limiting mechanism is respectively located in the length and width of the body body. The opposite ends of the direction can realize the positioning of the battery pack 4 with two degrees of freedom in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving positioning stability.
  • the second limiting mechanism includes a limiting seat 91 and a limiting member 92.
  • One of the limiting seat 91 and the limiting member 92 is provided on the battery pack 4, and the other is provided on the bracket body 21.
  • the limiting seat 91 An elastic piece 93 is provided, and the battery pack 4 is positioned by contacting the limiting member 92 with the elastic piece 93 .
  • the elastic piece 93 is used to prevent rigid collision between the battery pack 4 and the quick-change bracket 2 to achieve elastic buffering.
  • the elastic piece 93 cooperates with the limiter to limit the displacement of the battery pack 4 in the battery pack accommodation area and prevent the battery pack 4 damage.
  • the space utilization rate can be improved by squeezing and positioning the limiter 92 and the elastic piece 93, and at the same time, better positioning in the horizontal direction can be achieved. Effect.
  • the number of elastic pieces 93 and the limiting seats 91 are the same and multiple.
  • the elastic pieces 93 and the limiting seats 91 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the elastic pieces 93 are all connected to the inner side wall of the quick-change bracket 2.
  • the limiting member are connected to the outer wall of the battery pack 4.
  • the elastic piece 93 is used to prevent rigid collision between the battery pack 4 and the quick-change bracket 2 to achieve elastic buffering.
  • the limiting seat 91 cooperates with the elastic piece 93 to limit the movement of the battery pack 4 relative to the quick-change bracket 2 and prevent the battery pack from moving. 4 damaged.
  • the limiting seats 91 can also be connected to the inner wall of the quick-change bracket 2 , and the elastic pieces 93 can be connected to the outer wall of the battery pack 4 .
  • part of the elastic piece 93 and part of the limiting seat 91 may be connected to the inner wall of the quick-change bracket 2
  • the corresponding part of the limiting seat 91 and part of the elastic piece 93 may be connected to the outer wall of the battery pack 4 .
  • the end of the elastic piece 93 is inclined to form a guide slope 930 .
  • the guide slope 930 is formed to be bent toward the inner wall of the quick-change bracket 2 of the electric vehicle 100 , so that the guide slope 930 is used to engage with the inner wall of the quick-change bracket 2 .
  • the guide bevel 930 can be formed into a hook shape, which hooks the lower surface of the inner wall of the quick-change bracket 2.
  • the guide bevel 930 allows the elastic piece 93 to have better elasticity and better guideability. , thereby facilitating the installation and positioning of the elastic piece 93 relative to the quick-change bracket 2, and also helping to further limit the movement of the elastic piece 93 relative to the quick-change bracket 2.
  • the locking mechanism 5 includes a locking bracket 51.
  • the locking bracket 51 is provided with a channel 54 extending in the direction of gravity.
  • the locking mechanism 5 also includes a first locking portion 52 and a second locking portion 53.
  • the first locking part 52 is rotatably installed on the locking bracket 51; the first locking part 52 is configured to prevent the locking member 6 located in the channel 54 from moving toward the locking position when the first locking part 52 rotates to the locking position. Move downward to lock the locking member 6; the second locking part 53 is configured to prevent the first locking part 52 from rotating when the first locking part 52 rotates to the locking position, so that the first locking part 53 can 52 remains in the locked position. While the first locking part 52 locks the locking member 6, the second locking part 53 limits the position of the first locking part 52.
  • the locking is convenient and reliable, and is beneficial to the installation and removal of the battery pack 4. The efficiency is conducive to rapid replacement of the battery pack 4.
  • the first locking part 52 is a ratchet
  • the second locking part 53 is a pawl
  • the ratchet is configured to be driven by the locking part 6 to rotate in the first direction during the upward movement of the locking part 6
  • the pawl It is configured to engage with the ratchet wheel to prevent the ratchet wheel from rotating when the locking member 6 moves upward into the channel 54 .
  • the ratchet wheel rotates to the locking position, under the action of the first elastic member, the ratchet pawl can move to lock with the ratchet wheel in time, thereby realizing rapid locking of the locking part.
  • the pawl under the action of the elastic force of the first elastic member, the pawl can maintain engagement with the ratchet wheel. Therefore, the reliability of the battery locking by the locking mechanism 5 is ensured.
  • the locking mechanism 5 in this embodiment can also be other locking mechanisms that can realize the vertical (straight up and down) hooking of the battery pack 4 to the electric vehicle, such as bolt-type locking mechanism, expanding bead-type locking mechanism, T Type-lock locking mechanism, hook-type locking mechanism, etc.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 also includes a protective plate covering the top of the battery pack 4 .
  • the protective plate faces the battery pack 4
  • a buffer pad is provided on one side of the top, and the top of the battery pack 4 is covered with a protective plate to reduce dust, rain and other debris from entering the battery pack storage area to avoid affecting the performance of the battery pack 4.
  • Providing a buffer pad can prevent the battery pack surface from being scratched when the battery pack is moved, protect the battery pack, and also reduce the shaking of the battery pack.
  • an escape portion is provided on the side of the protection plate facing the top of the battery pack 4, and the escape portion can allow the battery pack circuit to pass through to connect to the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle-end connector can be installed on the protective plate. There is a gap between the battery pack 4 and the protective plate in the area other than the connection point of the vehicle-end connector. A buffer pad can compensate for this gap and ensure uniform load distribution.
  • an avoidance part is provided in the protective plate to facilitate wiring. The vehicle-end connector can also be installed in the avoidance part. The space layout is reasonable to avoid contact interference between the vehicle-end connector and the protection plate.
  • each battery pack 4 There are multiple protective plates, and one protective plate is provided on the top of each battery pack 4 .
  • the number of protective plates can be adjusted according to the internal layout of the electric vehicle 100 and the number of battery packs 4 to adapt to different models of electric vehicles 100 .
  • the problem can also be reduced.
  • the weight of the overall structure when the number of battery packs 4 is small, the problem can also be reduced.
  • this embodiment discloses another electric vehicle 100.
  • the electric vehicle 100 includes an adapter frame 3.
  • the adapter frame 3 is located above the vehicle beam 11 with a quick-change bracket. 2 is connected to the vehicle beam 11 through the adapter frame 3 .
  • the connection of the battery pack 4 is made more stable.
  • the adapter frame 3 includes two relatively parallel longitudinal beams 32 and a plurality of relatively parallel cross beams 31.
  • the two ends of the two cross beams 31 are connected to two longitudinal beams 32 respectively.
  • the longitudinal beams 32 extend along the body of the vehicle body. Extending in the length direction, the cross member 31 extends in the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the rectangular frame formed by multiple cross beams 31 and longitudinal beams 32 not only makes the structure of the adapter frame 3 itself firm, but also makes it stronger when the quick-change bracket 2 is connected to the adapter frame 3, adding the battery pack 4 and the quick-change Stability of Bracket 2 connection.
  • this embodiment discloses another electric vehicle 100.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 includes three independent bracket bodies 21.
  • the three independent bracket bodies 21 are arranged along the Distributed in the length direction of the vehicle body, each bracket body 21 forms a battery pack receiving area; the locking mechanism 5 is provided on the side of the bracket body.
  • Each independent bracket body 21 adopts a frame structure, which has high structural strength and is conducive to weight reduction.
  • each bracket body 21 has two first supports spaced apart along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the beam 201 and two second support beams 202 extend along the length direction of the vehicle body.
  • the first support beam 201 and the second support beam 202 form a rectangular frame structure.
  • bracket bodies 21 and the position relative to the vehicle beam 11 can be adjusted according to the internal layout of the electric vehicle 100 and the structure of the battery pack 4 to adapt to different types of electric vehicles 100. Compared with the speed of integrated processing, Changing the layout of bracket 2 is more flexible.
  • This embodiment discloses another electric vehicle 100.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 in this embodiment includes two sets of sub-brackets spaced along the length direction of the vehicle body. At least one of the sub-brackets is One side forms a battery pack storage area, and the sub-bracket includes A plurality of segmented beams are spaced apart along the length direction of the vehicle body. The segmented beams are connected to the vehicle beam 11 .
  • a locking mechanism 5 is provided on at least the outer side wall of the segmented beams. The number of segmented beams can be increased or reduced according to actual needs, which is highly flexible and facilitates the improvement of the stability of the installation of the battery pack 4.
  • the quick-change bracket 2 in Embodiment 4 can be regarded as the structure of the quick-change bracket in Embodiment 1 without the second support beam 202.
  • this modification of Embodiment 1 The first support beam 201 in can be considered as a segmented beam.

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Abstract

一种电动车辆，其包括：车身本体（1）；快换支架（2），快换支架（2）连接于车身本体（1）的车梁（11）上；快换支架（2）沿车身本体（1）的长度方向形成多个电池包容纳区，每个容纳区独立设有锁止机构（5）；多个电池包（4），电池包（4）具有锁止件（6），锁止件（6）与锁止机构（5）可拆卸连接，多个电池包（4）分别通过锁止件（6）连接于对应的电池包容纳区，且多个电池包沿车身本体的长度方向并列排布。可以根据电动车辆的内部布局、以及电池的结构，调整快换支架相对于车身大梁的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆，因此电池包之间的布置较为灵活。

Description

电动车辆
本申请要求申请日为2022年7月15日的中国专利申请2022108545701的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明属于换电领域，尤其涉及一种电动车辆。
背景技术
现有电动车辆的电池包设置方式一般分为固定式和快换式，其中，固定式电池一般是固定在车辆上，在充电时直接以车辆作为充电对象。而快换式的电池包一般通过活动安装的方式被固定在车辆的托架上。电池包可以被取下，以单独对电池箱进行更换或充电操作。更换下的电池包充电完毕后，再重新安装在车辆上。
其中，对于快换式的电池包，整体的电池包大而重，更换难度大。尤其针对大型车辆，例如重卡车型，车体以及载货重量很大，导致大型车辆对电池包的容量需求较高，必须足够大容量的电能才能够支持大型车辆行驶百来公里，在这种情况下，更换整块电池包的难度巨大，并且也需要大型的运输设备来取放、运输电池包，进而造成生产成本高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中电池包大从而导致更换难度大的缺陷，提供一种电动车辆。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种电动车辆，包括：
车身本体；
快换支架，所述快换支架连接于所述车身本体的车梁上；所述快换支架沿所述车身本体的长度方向形成多个电池包容纳区，每个所述容纳区独立设有锁止机构；
多个电池包，所述电池包具有锁止件，所述锁止件与所述锁止机构可拆卸连接，多个所述电池包分别通过所述锁止件连接于对应的所述电池包容纳区，且多个所述电池包沿所述车身本体的长度方向并列排布。
在本技术方案中，可以根据电动车辆的内部布局、以及电池的结构，调整快换支架相对于车身大梁的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆，因此电池包之间的布置较为灵活。具体表现为通过多个电池包容纳区放置多个电池包，对电池包进行分箱设计，方便更换电池包，更换电池包时省力；电池包分箱放置后，可以根据电动车辆所需的用电量，匹配安装不同数量的电池包，兼容性强；另外，电池包分箱设置，相比于运输整块电池包，无需采用大型运输设备以运输分箱后的电池包，降低设备材料成 本。另外，电池包采用车辆长度方向(X向)分箱，相较于沿车辆宽度方向(Y向)分箱，X向分箱在换电过程中不易产生偏载，而且在电动车辆仅挂载部分电池包的情况下也不会造成车辆的偏载，使用方式更加灵活，适用性更好；另外，X向分箱也便于换电设备上的解锁机构沿着多个电池包之间的间隙进行解锁操作，换电设备从车辆侧面往返于车辆底部的过程中不会与电池包干涉。
较佳地，所述快换支架包括支架本体，所述支架本体为框架结构，所述支架本体包括多个沿所述车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的第一支撑梁和多个沿所述车身本体的长度方向延伸的第二支撑梁，所述第二支撑梁分别连接至所述第一支撑梁的两端，所述第一支撑梁和所述第二支撑梁连接围合形成所述框架结构，沿所述车身本体的长度方向上相邻的两个所述第一支撑梁之间的空间形成所述电池包容纳区；所述锁止机构设置在所述第一支撑梁的侧部。
在本技术方案中，可以根据电动车辆的内部布局、以及电池包的结构或者电池包数量，调整支架本体相对于车梁的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆，因此电池包之间的布置较为灵活，且降低了快换支架的整体加工难度，另外，支架本体采用框架式结构，结构强度高且利于减重。
较佳地，沿所述车身本体的宽度和/或长度方向，所述锁止机构分布于所述电池包容纳区至少一侧；沿所述车身本体的宽度和/或长度方向，所述电池包的侧壁设有与所述锁止机构配合的所述锁止件。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，锁止机构位于电池包容纳区的至少一侧，相应地，锁止件位于电池包的侧壁，空间布局合理，以便电池包进入电池包容纳区的过程中，实现锁止件和锁止机构的连接。
较佳地，沿所述车身本体的长度和/或宽度方向，所述电池包容纳区的至少一侧设置有至少两个所述锁止机构，至少两个所述锁止机构沿所述车身本体的长度和/或宽度方向间隔设置。
在本方案中，在电池包容纳区的一侧，电池包与电池包容纳区之间设置多个锁止点，通过多个锁止机构将电池包固定在电池包容纳区内，以提高电池包锁止于快换支架中的可靠性和稳定性。
较佳地，沿所述电池包的高度方向，所述锁止件位于所述电池包的中部或中部以下区域。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过位于电池包中部或中部以下区域的锁止件实现与锁止机构的连接，连接点位于电池包中部或中部以下区域，缩小电池包需要悬空设置的区域，锁止稳定性高。
较佳地，沿所述车身本体的高度方向，所述电池包位于所述车梁底部，或，所述电池包部分高于所述车梁的下表面。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，将电池包的安装空间设置于车梁底部，充分利用车梁下方的空间，有利于提高空间布局合理性。电池包部分高于车梁的下表面，有效提高空间利用率，增大电池包下表面的离地距离，便于换电设备进出电池包底部。
较佳地，所述电池包容纳区包括沿所述电动车辆的车身宽度方向并列设置的多个子容纳区，所述子容纳区用于独立安装所述电池包。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，电池包容纳区被分割为多个子容纳区，单个电池包容纳区可以安装多个电池包，进一步缩小了单个电池包的体积和重量，降低了对换电装置的要求，从而降低换电 成本。
较佳地，所述快换支架包括两组沿着所述车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的分支架，所述分支架的至少一侧形成所述电池包容纳区，所述分支架包括多个沿着所述车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的分段梁，所述分段梁连接于所述车梁，所述分段梁的至少外侧壁上设置有所述锁止机构。
在本技术方案中，可以根据实际需要，增加或减少分段梁的数量，灵活度高，也便于提高电池包安装的稳定性。
较佳地，所述快换支架包括多个独立的支架本体，多个独立的所述支架本体沿所述车身本体的长度方向分布，每个所述支架本体均形成一个电池包容纳区；所述锁止机构设置在所述支架本体的侧部。
在本技术方案中，可以根据电动车辆的内部布局、以及电池包的结构，调整支架本体的个数以及相对于车梁的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆，相较于整体化加工的快换支架的布置来说，更为灵活。
较佳地，沿所述车身本体的长度方向，多个所述锁止机构相对设置在所述支架本体的电池包容纳区内。
在本技术方案中，锁止机构位于两个车身大梁之间相对闭合的空间内，安全性高。
较佳地，沿所述车身本体的长度方向，所述电池包容纳区的一侧设置有至少两个所述锁止机构，至少两个所述锁止机构沿所述车身本体的宽度方向间隔设置。
在本技术方案中，通过多个锁止机构共同实现锁止，增加电池包与快换支架之间的锁止点，锁止效果稳定。
较佳地，所述快换支架包括沿所述车身本体的长度方向延伸的第一连接梁，和沿所述车身本体垂直于地面方相延伸的第二连接梁，所述快换支架通过所述第一连接梁通过所述第二连接梁与所述车梁的侧部连接。
在本技术方案中，快换支架在第一连接梁能够在水平方向固定的基础上，又通过第二连接梁能够在竖直方向进行固定，使得快换支架相对于车梁的固定更加牢靠。
较佳地，所述快换支架包括支架本体、多个第一加强筋和多个第二加强筋，多个所述第一加强筋间隔设置在所述第一连接梁与所述支架本体之间，多个所述第二加强筋间隔设置在所述第一连接梁和所述第二连接梁之间。
在本技术方案中，第二连接梁、支架本体和第一加强筋形成牢固的结构，保证快换支架的连接可靠性。第一连接梁、车梁和第二加强筋形成牢固的结构，保证快换支架的连接可靠性。
较佳地，所述快换支架还包连接器组件，所述连接器组件包括安装车端连接器和安装件，每个所述电池包容纳区内分别设有所述安装件，所述安装件连接于所述快换支架，所述车端连接器设置在所述安装件上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过在每个电池包容纳区内设置车端连接器，便于各电池包实现对电动车辆独立供电，从而满足分箱需求。车端连接器通过安装件连接于快换支架上，连接稳定可靠，且安装件能够利用电池包容纳区内的空闲区域实现安装，能够避免与锁止机构发生安装干涉，可 以为车端连接器预留出安装空间，避免占用其他空间，有利于提高空间布局合理性。
较佳地，所述安装件包括支撑梁和支撑板，所述支撑板通过所述支撑梁连接于所述快换支架，所述车端连接器设置在所述支撑板上，或，所述安装件包括安装板，所述安装板连接于所述快换支架，所述车端连接器设置于所述安装板上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，用于安装车端连接器的支撑板通过支撑梁固定在快换支架上，相比于通过增加支撑板的长度，使得支撑板的两端能够直接安装于快换支架，节省材料的使用。安装车端连接器的支撑板直接连接于快换支架，有利于提高装配效率，也便于零件的加工。
较佳地，所述车梁的数量为两个，两个所述车梁沿所述车身本体的长度方向的中心轴线对称分布，所述安装件位于两个所述车梁之间。
在本技术方案中，安装件位于车梁之间，也就是说车端连接器位于两个车梁之间，相较于将车端连接器安装在快换支架的两侧来说，使得载荷平衡、更加稳固，且安全性更高，有效的利用了电动车辆的内部空间。
较佳地，所述电动车辆还包括第一限位机构，所述第一限位机构安装在所述快换支架上，用于与所述电池包的顶部的定位孔相配合，以对所述电池包进行定位。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过第一限位机构和定位孔配合实现电池包和快换支架之间的定位，以在电池包被安装至快换支架内时起到引导作用，以提高电池包进入电池包容纳区中的安装精度，提高电池包的安装效率。同时，在电池包被安装至快换支架之后，互相配合的第一限位机构和定位孔可以对电池包进行限位，避免电池包在车辆行驶过程中发生晃动。
较佳地，所述电动车辆还包括第二限位机构，所述第二限位机构设置在沿所述车身本体的长度方向的相对的两端，以及沿所述车身本体宽度方向相对的两端。
在本技术方案中，第二限位机构分别在车身本体的长度以及宽度方向的相对的两端能够实现对电池包在水平方向上两个自由度的定位，实现定位的稳定性。
较佳地，所述第二限位机构包括限位座和限位件，所述限位座和所述限位件一个设置在所述电池包上，另一个设置在所述支架本体上，所述限位座上设有弹性片，通过所述限位件与所述弹性片接触以对所述电池包进行定位。
在本技术方案中，弹性片用于防止电池包和快换支架之间刚性碰撞，实现弹性缓冲，通过弹性片与限位凸起配合，限制电池包在电池包容纳区内的位移，防止电池包损坏。由于快换支架与电池包在水平方向接触的空间有限，因此通过限位件与弹性片进挤压定位的方式能够提高空间利用率，同时也能实现在水平方向较佳的定位效果。
较佳地，所述弹性片的端部倾斜设置形成导向斜面。
在本技术方案中，弹性片的端部倾斜设置形成导向斜面，导向斜面使得弹性片具有较好的弹性以及较佳的导向性，从而方便弹性构件相对于快换支架安装定位，也有助于进一步限制弹性片相对于快换支架的移动。
较佳地，所述锁止机构包括锁止支架，所述锁止支架设有沿重力方向延伸的通道，所述锁止机构 还包括第一锁止部和第二锁止部，所述第一锁止部可转动地安装于所述锁止支架；所述第一锁止部被配置为当所述第一锁止部转动至锁止位置时，可阻止位于所述通道的所述锁止件向下移动，以对所述锁止件锁止；所述第二锁止部被配置为当所述第一锁止部转动至所述锁止位置时可阻止所述第一锁止部转动，以使所述第一锁止部保持在锁止位置。
在本技术方案中，第一锁止部实现对锁止件的锁止的同时，第二锁止部对第一锁止部进行限位，锁止方便、可靠，有利于提升电池包安装和拆卸的效率，利于实现电池包的快速更换。
较佳地，所述快换支架还包括保护板，所述保护板覆盖在所述电池包的顶部。
在本技术方案中，采用上述结构形式，电池包的上方覆盖有保护板，减少灰尘、雨水等杂物进入电池包容纳区，以避免对电池包的性能造成影响。
较佳地，所述保护板朝向所述电池包顶部的一侧设有缓冲垫，和/或，所述保护板上朝向所述电池包顶部的一侧设置有避让部。
在本技术方案中，设置缓冲垫能够防止电池包在进行移动时对电池包表面进行刮擦，起到保护电池包的作用，也能够减少电池包的晃动。此外，车端连接器可安装于保护板上，电池包与保护板之间在车端连接器连接处以外的区域具有间隙，设置缓冲垫能够补偿该间隙，确保载荷分布均匀。另外，在保护板中设置避让部，便于走线，也可以在避让部内安装车端连接器，空间布局合理，避免车端连接器和保护板之间发生接触干涉。
较佳地，所述电动车辆为电动卡车。
在本技术方案中，电动卡车运行中所需要的功率和总能量都较大，因此需要适配较大体积的电池，通过上述设置，可以将小体积电池适配到电动卡车上，从而降低换电成本。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：通过多个电池包容纳区放置多个电池包，对电池包进行分箱设计，方便更换电池包，更换电池包时省力；电池包分箱放置后，可以根据电动车辆所需的用电量，匹配安装不同数量的电池包，兼容性强；另外，电池包分箱设置，相比于运输整块电池包，无需采用大型运输设备以运输分箱后的电池包，降低设备材料成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中电动车辆的立体结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2中电动车辆的立体结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例3中电动车辆的立体结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例1中电动车辆的局部结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例1中电车车辆的局部立体结构示意图；
图6为图4中A处放大图；
图7为图4中B处放大图；
图8为本发明中实施例1中转接框架局部放大的立体结构示意图；
图9为本发明中实施例1中锁止结构的立体结构示意图；
图10为本发明中实施例1中第二限位机构的立体结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例1中快换支架的局部立体结构示意图；
图12为本发明实施例1中快换支架与电池包的立体结构示意图；
图13为本发明实施例2中快换支架与电池包的立体结构示意图；
图14为本发明实施例3中快换支架与电池包的立体结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
电动车辆100；车身本体1；车梁11；快换支架2；支架本体21；第一支撑梁201；第二支撑梁202；第一连接梁203；第二连接梁204；第一加强筋205；第二加强筋206；转接框架3；横梁31；纵梁32；电池包4；锁止机构5；锁止支架51；第一锁止部52；第二锁止部53；锁止件6；连接器组件7；车端连接器71；安装件72；支撑梁720；支撑板721；定位销8；导向面81；限位座91；限位件92；弹性片93；导向斜面930。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
如图1、图4至图12所示，本实施例提供一种电动车辆100，该电动车辆100为电动卡车。
具体地，该电动卡车包括：车身本体、快换支架2和多个电池包4，其中，4快换支架2连接于车身本体的车梁11上；快换支架2沿车身本体的长度方向形成多个电池包容纳区，每个容纳区独立设有锁止机构5；电池包4具有锁止件6，锁止件6与锁止机构5可拆卸连接，多个电池包4分别通过锁止件6连接于对应的电池包容纳区，且多个电池包4沿车身本体的长度方向并列排布。
可以根据电动车辆100的内部布局、以及电池的结构，调整快换支架2相对于车身大梁的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆100，因此电池包4之间的布置较为灵活。具体表现为，通过多个电池包容纳区放置多个电池包4，多个电池包4分别通过快换支架2沿车身本体的宽度方向并列排布固定在电动车辆100的车身本体上，对电池包4进行分箱设计，方便更换电池包4，更换电池包4时省力；电池包4分箱放置后，可以根据电动车辆100所需的用电量，匹配安装不同数量的电池包4，兼容性强；另外，电池包4分箱设置，相比于运输整块电池包4，无需采用大型运输设备以运输分箱后的电池包4，降低设备材料成本。多个电池包4分别沿车身本体的宽度方向并列排布，能够有效利用车梁11底部及车梁两侧的空间，空间利用率高。本实施例中的电动车辆为电动卡车，电动卡车在运行中所需要的功率和总能量都较大，因此需要适配较大体积的电池，通过上述设置，可以将小体积电池适配到电动卡车上，从而降低换电成本。
另外，电池包采用车辆长度方向(X向)分箱，相较于沿车辆宽度方向(Y向)分箱，X向分箱在换电过程中不易产生偏载，而且在电动车辆仅挂载部分电池包的情况下也不会造成车辆的偏载，使用方式更加灵活，适用性更好；另外，X向分箱也便于换电设备上的解锁机构沿着多个电池包之间的间隙进行解锁操作，换电设备从车辆侧面往返于车辆底部的过程中不会与电池包干涉。具体地，快换支架2包括支架本体21，支架本体21为框架结构，支架本体21包括多个沿车身本体的长度方向间 隔设置的第一支撑梁201和多个沿车身本体的长度方向延伸的第二支撑梁202，第二支撑梁202分别连接至第一支撑梁201的两端，第一支撑梁201和第二支撑梁202连接围合形成框架结构，沿车身本体的长度方向上相邻的两个第一支撑梁201之间的空间形成电池包容纳区；锁止机构5设置在第一支撑梁201的侧部。
可以根据电动车辆100的内部布局、以及电池包4的结构或者电池包4数量，调整支架本体21相对于车梁11的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆100，因此电池包4之间的布置较为灵活，且降低了快换支架2的整体加工难度，另外，支架本体21采用框架式结构，结构强度高且利于减重。
作为可替代的实施方式，电池包容纳区包括沿车身的宽度方向并列设置的多个子容纳区，每个子容纳区都设置有锁止机构，因此，每个子容纳区都可以独立安装电池包，即，每个电池包容纳区都可以安装多个小型的电池包，这样，进一步缩小了单个电池包的体积和重量，降低了对换电装置的要求，从而降低换电成本。例如，在图1所示的实施例中，每个电池容纳区可以沿车身的宽度方向分割为三个子容纳区，每个子容纳区内都设置有一个小电池包，这样，该快换支架2可以同时安装九个独立的电池包。同一个快换支架2上的各个电池包容纳区内的子容纳区数量可以为不同的，例如，靠车身最前方的电池包容纳区可以具有三个子容纳区，中部的电池包容纳区可以仅具有两个子容纳区。在满足电池包安装的前提下，本领域技术人员可以任意调整子容纳区的数量和排布方式。
在本实施例中，沿电池包4的高度方向，锁止件6位于电池包4的中部，通过位于电池包4中部或中部以下区域的锁止件6实现与锁止机构5的连接，连接点位于电池包4中部或中部以下区域，缩小电池包4需要悬空设置的区域，锁止稳定性高。在其他可替代的实施例中，锁止件6也可以位于电池包4的中部以下区域。这里不做具体限定，可以根据实际需求作出适应性调整，只要能够使得锁止件6连接于对应的电池包容纳区即可。
其次，沿车身本体的高度方向，电池包4位于车梁11底部，将电池包4的安装空间设置于车梁11底部，充分利用车梁11下方的空间，有利于提高空间布局合理性。电池包4部分高于车梁11的下表面，有效提高空间利用率，增大电池包4下表面的离地距离，便于换电设备进出电池包4底部。在其他可替代的实施例中，电池包4也可以部分高于车梁11的下表面，例如，电池包4的一个或多个部分向上突出、高于车梁11，以充分利用上方的空间。只要电池包4能够不与其他部件发生干涉即可，这里不对电池包4的形状和位置做具体限定。
沿车身本体1的长度方向，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区至少一侧，电池包4的侧壁设有与锁止机构5配合的锁止件6。锁止机构5位于电池包容纳区的至少一侧，相应地，锁止件6位于电池包4的侧壁，空间布局合理，以便电池包4进入电池包容纳区的过程中，实现锁止件6和锁止机构5的连接。优选地，沿着车身本体1的长度方向，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区的两侧。锁止机构5位于电池包容纳区的两侧，锁止点位于电池包4的两侧，使得电池包4两侧均可实现与电池包容纳区连接，以提高平衡性。
在其他实施例中，作为可替换的手段，沿车身本体1的宽度方向，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区至少一侧，电池包4的侧壁设有与锁止机构5配合的锁止件6。优选地，沿着车身本体1的宽度方 向，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区的两侧。或者，沿车身本体1的长度方向，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区至少一侧，电池包4的侧壁设有与锁止机构5配合的锁止件6；沿车身本体1的宽度方向，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区至少一侧，电池包4的侧壁设有与锁止机构5配合的锁止件6。优选地，锁止机构5分布于电池包容纳区的四周侧，电池包4的四周侧壁的锁止件6都通过锁止机构5固定于电池包容纳区内，锁止效果稳定，进一步防止电池包4的掉落。
沿车身本体1的宽度方向，电池包容纳区的至少一侧设置有至少两个锁止机构5，至少两个锁止机构5沿车身本体1的长度方向间隔设置。在电池包容纳区的一侧，电池包4与电池包容纳区之间设置多个锁止点，通过多个锁止机构5将电池包4固定在电池包容纳区内，以提高电池包4锁止于快换支架2中的可靠性和稳定性。优选地，沿车身本体1的宽度方向，电池包容纳区的两侧均设置有至少两个锁止机构5。
在其他实施例中，作为可替换的手段，沿车身本体1的长度方向，电池包容纳区的一侧设置有至少两个锁止机构5，至少两个锁止机构5沿车身本体1的宽度方向间隔设置。优选地，沿车身本体1的长度方向，电池包容纳区的两侧均设置有至少两个锁止机构5。或者，沿车身本体1的宽度方向，电池包容纳区的至少一侧设置有至少两个锁止机构5，至少两个锁止机构5沿车身本体1的长度方向间隔设置；沿车身本体1的长度方向，电池包容纳区的一侧设置有至少两个锁止机构5，至少两个锁止机构5沿车身本体1的宽度方向间隔设置。优选地，沿车身本体1的宽度方向，电池包容纳区的两侧均设置有至少两个锁止机构5；沿车身本体1的长度方向，电池包容纳区的两侧也均设置有至少两个锁止机构5。
在本实施例中，快换支架2包括沿车身本体的长度方向延伸的第一连接梁203，和沿车身本体垂直于地面方相延伸的第二连接梁204，快换支架2通过第一连接梁203通过第二连接梁204与车梁11的侧部连接。
第一连接梁203安装在车梁11的侧部，使得安装空间更大，并且便于安装和拆卸。快换支架2在第一连接梁203能够在水平方向固定的基础上，又通过第二连接梁204能够在竖直方向进行固定，使得快换支架2相对于车梁11的固定更加牢靠。
在本实施例中，快换支架2包括多个第一加强筋205和多个第二加强筋206，多个第一加强筋205间隔设置在第一连接梁203与支架本体21之间，多个第二加强筋206间隔设置在第一连接梁203和第二连接梁204之间。第二连接梁204、支架本体21和第一加强筋205形成牢固的结构，保证电池包4支架的连接可靠性。第一连接梁203、车梁11和第二加强筋206形成牢固的结构，保证电池包4支架的连接可靠性。
在本实施例中，快换支架2还包连接器组件7，连接器组件7包括安装车端连接器71和安装件72，每个电池包容纳区内分别设有安装件72，安装件72连接于快换支架2，车端连接器71设置在安装件72上。安装件72包括支撑梁720和支撑板721，支撑板721通过支撑梁720连接于快换支架2，车端连接器71设置在支撑板721上。通过在每个电池包容纳区内设置车端连接器71，便于各电池包4实现对电动车辆100独立供电，从而满足分箱需求。车端连接器71通过安装件72连接于快换支架 2上，连接稳定可靠，且安装件72能够利用电池包容纳区内的空闲区域实现安装，能够避免与锁止机构发生安装干涉，可以为车端连接器71预留出安装空间，避免占用其他空间，有利于提高空间布局合理性。
在其他可替代的实施例中，安装件72包括安装板，安装板连接于快换支架2，车端连接器71设置于安装板上。在本实施例中，车端连接器71包括液冷连接器和电连接器，液冷连接器和所述电连接器依次布置在安装板上。具体地，快换支架2上的车端电连接器与电动车辆100的电路控制单元连接，从而实现电池包4与电动车辆100的电连接，使得电池包4能够为电动车辆100进行供电。液冷连接器与电动车辆100的冷却系统连接，冷却液能够通过电池端水接头和车端水接头流入电池包4内，对电池包4进行冷却或保温，保证电池包4的温度始终保持在正常范围之内，保证电池包4的正常供电。
本实施例将电连接器和液冷连接器安装在快换支架2的顶部，相较于传统技术中将电池端电连接器安装在电池包4的侧壁上而言，能够避免电池端电连接器占用电池侧部的空间，从而使得电池包4的侧部能够有更多的空间安装其他结构。
在本实施例中，车梁11的数量为两个，两个车梁11沿车身本体的长度方向的中心轴线对称分布，安装件72位于两个车梁11之间。
安装件72位于车梁11之间，也就是说电连接器安装在车梁11之间，相较于将连接器组件7安装在快换支架2的两侧来说，并且使得载荷平衡、更加稳固，且安全性更高，有效的利用了电动车辆100的内部空间。
参见图11所示，在本实施例中，电动车辆100还包括第一限位机构，第一限位机构安装在快换支架2上，用于与电池包4的顶部的定位孔相配合，以对电池包4进行定位。快换支架2上还有设有导向机构，有效地提高了电动车辆100的空间利用率，提高了与电池包4定位的准确性。通过第一限位机构和定位孔配合实现电池包4和快换支架2之间的定位，以在电池包4被安装至快换支架2内时起到引导作用，以提高电池包4进入电池包4容纳区中的安装精度，提高电池包4的安装效率。同时，在电池包4被安装至快换支架2之后，互相配合的第一限位机构和定位孔可以对电池包4进行限位，避免电池包4在车辆行驶过程中发生晃动。
具体地，参见图11所示，第一限位机构为定位销8，所述定位销8靠近所述电池包4的端部具有直径逐渐减小的导向面81，通过限位机构端部逐渐减小的导向面81，能够容许一定的偏移误差更容易将限位机构插入电池包4的定位孔内，即使在水平方向上具有微小误差也能够实现电池包4的精确对准。优选地，定位销8可以设置在支撑板721的两侧。
需要说明的是，在其他可替代的实施例中，定位销8和定位孔的横截面也可以均为非圆形，例如，可以采用菱形销，菱形销相较于圆形销来说更容易定向，但是缺少了一定的自由度，可以根据实际需求作出适应性调整，这里不做具体限定。
在本实施例中，电动车辆100还包括第二限位机构，第二限位机构设置在沿车身本体的长度方向的相对的两端，以及沿车身本体宽度方向相对的两端。第二限位机构分别在车身本体的长度以及宽度 方向的相对的两端能够实现对电池包4在水平方向上两个自由度的定位，实现定位的稳定性。
具体地，第二限位机构包括限位座91和限位件92，限位座91和限位件92一个设置在电池包4上，另一个设置在支架本体21上，限位座91上设有弹性片93，通过限位件92与弹性片93接触以对电池包4进行定位。弹性片93用于防止电池包4和快换支架2之间刚性碰撞，实现弹性缓冲，通过弹性片93与限位件配合，限制电池包4在电池包容纳区内的位移，防止电池包4损坏。由于快换支架2与电池包4在水平方向接触的空间有限，因此通过限位件92与弹性片93进挤压定位的方式能够提高空间利用率，同时也能实现在水平方向较佳的定位效果。
弹性片93和限位座91的数量相同且均为多个，弹性片93与限位座91的数量一一对应设置，弹性片93均连接在快换支架2的内侧壁上，限位构件均连接在电池包4的外侧壁上。弹性片93用于防止电池包4和快换支架2之间刚性碰撞，实现弹性缓冲，通过限位座91与弹性片93配合，限制电池包4相对于快换支架2的移动，防止电池包4损坏。
在其他可替代的实施方式中，也可以限位座91均连接在快换支架2的内侧壁上，弹性片93均连接在电池包4的外侧壁上。或者，也可以在快换支架2上的内侧壁上连接部分弹性片93和部分限位座91，在电池包4的外侧壁上连接对应的部分限位座91和部分弹性片93。
在本实施例中，弹性片93的端部倾斜设置形成导向斜面930。导向斜面930形成为朝向电动车辆100的快换支架2的内侧壁弯折，使得导向斜面930用于与快换支架2的内侧壁卡合。在其他可替代的实施例中，导向斜面930可以形成为勾状，其勾住快换支架2的内侧壁的下表面，导向斜面930使得弹性片93具有较好的弹性以及较佳的导向性，从而方便弹性片93相对于快换支架2安装定位，也有助于进一步限制弹性片93相对于快换支架2的移动。
在本实施例中，锁止机构5包括锁止支架51，锁止支架51设有沿重力方向延伸的通道54，锁止机构5还包括第一锁止部52和第二锁止部53，第一锁止部52可转动地安装于锁止支架51；第一锁止部52被配置为当第一锁止部52转动至锁止位置时，可阻止位于通道54的锁止件6向下移动，以对锁止件6锁止；第二锁止部53被配置为当第一锁止部52转动至锁止位置时可阻止第一锁止部52转动，以使第一锁止部52保持在锁止位置。第一锁止部52实现对锁止件6的锁止的同时，第二锁止部53对第一锁止部52进行限位，锁止方便、可靠，有利于提升电池包4安装和拆卸的效率，利于实现电池包4的快速更换。
第一锁止部52为棘轮，第二锁止部53为棘爪；棘轮被配置为在锁止件6向上移动的过程中，可被锁止件6带动以沿第一方向转动；棘爪被配置为在锁止件6向上移动至通道54内时，与棘轮啮合以阻止棘轮转动。一方面，当棘轮转动至锁止位置时，在第一弹性件的作用下，棘爪能够及时移动至与棘轮锁止，实现对锁止部的快速锁止。另一方面，在第一弹性件的弹性力的作用下，棘爪能够与棘轮保持啮合。因此，保证了锁止机构5对电池锁止的可靠性。
本实施例中的锁止机构5还可以是其他能够实现电池包4沿竖向(直上直下)挂接至电动车辆的锁止机构，例如螺栓式锁止机构、涨珠式锁止机构、T型锁式锁止机构、钩挂式锁止机构等等。
在本实施例中，快换支架2还包括保护板，保护板覆盖在电池包4的顶部。保护板朝向电池包4 顶部的一侧设有缓冲垫，电池包4的上方覆盖有保护板，减少灰尘、雨水等杂物进入电池包容纳区，以避免对电池包4的性能造成影响。设置缓冲垫能够防止电池包在进行移动时对电池包表面进行刮擦，起到保护电池包的作用，也能够减少电池包的晃动。
在其他可替代的实施例中，保护板上朝向电池包4顶部的一侧设置有避让部，避让部可以供电池包线路穿过，以连接至车身。车端连接器可安装于保护板上，电池包4与保护板之间在车端连接器连接处以外的区域具有间隙，设置缓冲垫能够补偿该间隙，确保载荷分布均匀。另外，在保护板中设置避让部，便于走线，也可以在避让部内安装车端连接器，空间布局合理，避免车端连接器和保护板之间发生接触干涉。
保护板的数量为多个，每个电池包4的顶部对应设置有一保护板。一方面可以根据电动车辆100的内部布局、以及电池包4的数量，调整保护板的数量，以适配不同型号的电动车辆100，另一方面，在电池包4数量少的时候，也能够减轻整体结构的重量。
实施例2
如图2和图13所示，本实施例公开了另一种电动车辆100，与实施例1不同之处在于电动车辆100包括转接框架3，转接框架3位于车梁11上方快换支架2通过所述转接框架3与所述车梁11连接。通过增加额外的转接框架3使得电池包4的连接更加稳固。
具体地，转接框架3包括两个相对平行的纵梁32和多个相对平行的横梁31，两个所述横梁31的两端分别与两个纵梁32连接，纵梁32沿车身本体的长度方向延伸，横梁31沿车身本体的宽度方向延伸。
由多个横梁31和纵梁32形成的长方形框架，除了使得转接框架3本身的结构牢固意外，当快换支架2与转接框架3连接时也更加牢固，增加了电池包4与快换支架2连接的稳定性。
实施例3
如图3和图14所示，本实施例公开了另一种电动车辆100，与实施例1不同之处在于快换支架2包括三个独立的支架本体21，三个独立的支架本体21沿车身本体的长度方向分布，每个支架本体21均形成一个电池包容纳区；锁止机构5设置在支架本体的侧部。每个独立的支架本体21均采用框架结构，结构强度高且利于减重，具体地，与实施例1类似，每个支架本体21都具有两个沿车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的第一支撑梁201和两个沿车身本体的长度方向延伸的第二支撑梁202，第一支撑梁201与第二支撑梁202合围成矩形框架结构。可以根据电动车辆100的内部布局、以及电池包4的结构，调整支架本体21的个数以及相对于车梁11的位置，以适配不同型号的电动车辆100，相较于整体化加工的快换支架2的布置来说，更为灵活。
在其他可替代的实施例中，可以根据实际需求设置不同数量的独立的支架本体21，这里不做具体限定。
实施例4
本实施例公开了另一种电动车辆100，与实施例1不同之处在于：本实施例中的快换支架2包括两组沿着车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的分支架，分支架的至少一侧形成电池包容纳区，分支架包括 多个沿着车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的分段梁，分段梁连接于车梁11，分段梁的至少外侧壁上设置有锁止机构5。可以根据实际需要，增加或减少分段梁的数量，灵活度高，也便于提高电池包4安装的稳定性。
在某些情况下，实施例4中的快换支架2可以视为实施例1中的快换支架省去第二支撑梁202后的结构，在这种情况下，实施例1的这种变形中的第一支撑梁201可以被视为是分段梁。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系均为基于装置或组件正常使用时的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或组件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此，本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电动车辆，其特征在于，包括：
    车身本体；
    快换支架，所述快换支架连接于所述车身本体的车梁上；所述快换支架沿所述车身本体的长度方向形成多个电池包容纳区，每个所述电池包容纳区内设有锁止机构；
    多个电池包，所述电池包具有锁止件，所述锁止件与所述锁止机构可拆卸连接，多个所述电池包分别通过所述锁止件独立连接于对应的所述电池包容纳区，多个所述电池包沿所述车身本体的长度方向并列排布。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，沿所述车身本体的宽度和/或长度方向，所述锁止机构分布于所述电池包容纳区至少一侧；沿所述车身本体的宽度和/或长度方向，所述电池包的侧壁设有与所述锁止机构配合的所述锁止件。
  3. 如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，沿所述车身本体的长度和/或宽度方向，所述电池包容纳区的至少一侧设置有至少两个所述锁止机构，至少两个所述锁止机构沿所述车身本体的长度和/或宽度方向间隔设置。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，沿所述电池包的高度方向，所述锁止件位于所述电池包的中部或中部以下区域。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，沿所述车身本体的高度方向，所述电池包位于所述车梁底部，或，所述电池包部分高于所述车梁的下表面。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池包容纳区包括沿所述电动车辆的车身宽度方向并列设置的多个子容纳区，所述子容纳区用于独立安装所述电池包。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架包括支架本体，所述支架本体为框架结构，所述支架本体包括多个沿所述车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的第一支撑梁和多个沿所述车身本体的长度方向延伸的第二支撑梁，所述第二支撑梁分别连接至所述第一支撑梁的两端，所述第一支撑梁和所述第二支撑梁连接围合形成所述框架结构，沿所述车身本体的长度方向上相邻的两个所述第一支撑梁之间的空间形成所述电池包容纳区；所述锁止机构设置在所述第一支撑梁的侧部。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架包括两组沿着所述车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的分支架，所述分支架的至少一侧形成所述电池包容纳区，所述分支架包括多个沿着所述车身本体的长度方向间隔设置的分段梁，所述分段梁连接于所述车梁，所述分段梁的至少外侧壁上设置有所述锁止机构。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架包括多个独立的支架本体，多个独立的所述支架本体沿所述车身本体的长度方向分布，每个所述支架本体均形成一个电池包容纳区；所述锁止机构设置在所述支架本体的侧部。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架连接于所述车梁的顶部、 侧部或底部。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架包括沿所述车身本体的长度方向延伸的第一连接梁，和沿所述车身本体垂直于地面方相延伸的第二连接梁，所述第一连接梁和所述第二连接梁连接，且所述第一连接梁与所述快换支架连接，所述第二连接梁连接于所述车梁；
    优选地，所述快换支架包括支架本体、多个第一加强筋和多个第二加强筋，多个所述第一加强筋间隔设置在所述第一连接梁与所述支架本体之间，多个所述第二加强筋间隔设置在所述第一连接梁和所述第二连接梁之间。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括连接器组件，所述连接器组件包括车端连接器和安装件，每个所述电池包容纳区内分别设有所述安装件，所述安装件连接于所述快换支架，所述车端连接器设置在所述安装件上。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述安装件包括支撑梁和支撑板，所述支撑板通过所述支撑梁连接于所述快换支架，所述车端连接器设置在所述支撑板上，
    或，
    所述安装件包括安装板，所述安装板连接于所述快换支架，所述车端连接器设置于所述安装板上。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述车梁的数量为两个，两个所述车梁沿所述车身本体的长度方向的中心轴线对称分布，所述安装件位于两个所述车梁之间。
  15. 如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电动车辆还包括第一限位机构，所述第一限位机构安装在所述快换支架上，用于与所述电池包的顶部的定位孔相配合，以对所述电池包进行定位。
  16. 如权利要求1-15任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电动车辆还包括第二限位机构，所述第二限位机构设置在沿所述车身本体的长度方向的相对的两端，以及沿所述车身本体宽度方向相对的两端。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述第二限位机构包括限位座和限位件，所述限位座和所述限位件一个设置在所述电池包上，另一个设置在所述快换支架上，所述限位座上设有弹性片，通过所述限位件与所述弹性片接触以对所述电池包进行定位；
    优选地，所述弹性片的端部倾斜设置形成导向斜面。
  18. 如权利要求1-17所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述锁止机构包括锁止支架，所述锁止支架设有沿重力方向延伸的通道，所述锁止机构还包括第一锁止部和第二锁止部，所述第一锁止部可转动地安装于所述锁止支架；
    所述第一锁止部被配置为当所述第一锁止部转动至锁止位置时，可阻止位于所述通道的所述锁止件向下移动，以对所述锁止件锁止；
    所述第二锁止部被配置为当所述第一锁止部转动至所述锁止位置时可阻止所述第一锁止部转动，以使所述第一锁止部保持在锁止位置。
  19. 如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述快换支架还包括保护板，所述 保护板覆盖在所述电池包的顶部；
    优选地，所述保护板朝向所述电池包顶部的一侧设有缓冲垫，和/或，所述保护板上朝向所述电池包顶部的一侧设置有避让部。
  20. 如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电动车辆为电动卡车。
PCT/CN2023/085606 2022-07-15 2023-03-31 电动车辆 WO2024011959A1 (zh)

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