TWI611428B - 含鉛-及碲-氧化物之厚膜膏及其用於製造半導體裝置之用途 - Google Patents
含鉛-及碲-氧化物之厚膜膏及其用於製造半導體裝置之用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI611428B TWI611428B TW100115704A TW100115704A TWI611428B TW I611428 B TWI611428 B TW I611428B TW 100115704 A TW100115704 A TW 100115704A TW 100115704 A TW100115704 A TW 100115704A TW I611428 B TWI611428 B TW I611428B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- thick film
- tellurium
- oxide
- lead
- film paste
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 Sb 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSCIDASGDAWVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC FSCIDASGDAWVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXUOFCUEFQCKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-methyltridecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCO ZXUOFCUEFQCKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLVQOAUAIBIIGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCCCO FLVQOAUAIBIIGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007052 Li—Ti—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis[(2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5},4$l^{2}-dioxaphosphaplumbetan-2-yl)oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L difluorolead Chemical compound F[Pb]F FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BNMYXGKEMMVHOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC BNMYXGKEMMVHOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WDCKRYQAVLUEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)silicon Chemical compound C[Si]=O WDCKRYQAVLUEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002942 palmitic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003498 tellurium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
- C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1884—Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. TCO, ITO
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
- B22F2007/047—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method non-pressurised baking of the paste or slurry containing metal powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/14—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron
- C03C3/142—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron containing lead
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種厚膜膏,其係用於印刷具有一或多個絕緣膜之太陽能電池裝置的前側。該厚膜膏包括一導電金屬以及一分散於一有機介質中的鉛-碲-氧化物。
Description
本發明提供一種厚膜膏,其係用於印刷具有一或多個絕緣膜之太陽能電池裝置的前側。該厚膜膏包括一導電金屬以及一分散於一有機介質中的鉛-碲-氧化物。
具一p型基底之習用太陽能電池構造,通常在太陽能電池前側(太陽側)具有一負電極而在背側上具有一正電極。將落在一半導體本體之p-n接面上的適當波長輻射充當一外部能量來源以形成電洞電子對電荷載體。這些電子-電洞對電荷載體在由p-n半導體接面所產生的電場中遷移,並由施加至半導體表面的導電柵極或金屬接點收集。所產生的電流流向外部電路。
導電膏(亦稱為導電油墨)通常係用於形成導電網格或金屬接點。導電膏通常包括一玻璃料、一導電物(例如:銀粒子)以及一有機介質。為了形成該金屬接點,在一基材上將導電膏印刷為柵線或其他圖案,之後進行燒製,在這期間達成該柵線及該半導體基材間的電性接觸。
然而,結晶矽PV電池通常塗覆有一抗反射塗層,例如氮化矽、氧化鈦或氧化矽,來促進光線吸收,以增加該電池之效率。這類抗反射塗層也作為一種絕緣體,其會減弱由基材流至金屬接點的電子流。為了克服此問題,該導電油墨必須在燒製期間穿透該抗反射塗層,以形成與該半導體基材電性接觸的金屬接點。於該金屬接點及基材間形成一強力結合亦為理想的。
穿透該抗反射塗層並在燒製後便與該基材形成強接合的能力,係高度取決於該導電油墨的組成物及燒製條件。效率(PV電池性能之一關鍵判斷基準)亦受到在該經燒製之該導電油墨及該基材間所達成之電性接觸品質的影響。
為了提供一具有良好效率之用於製造PV電池的經濟程序,需要以低溫燒製而穿透一抗反射塗層並提供與該半導體基材之良好電性接觸的厚膜膏組成物。
本發明之一方面係一種厚膜膏組成物,其包括:
a)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;
b)一以固體重量計,佔0.5至15%之鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物中,鉛對碲的莫耳比係介於5/95及95/5之間;以及
c)一有機介質。
本發明之另一方面係一方法,其包括:
(a)提供一半導體基材,其包括沉積於其上之一或多層絕緣膜;
(b)將一厚膜膏施用在該一或多層絕緣膜上以形成一層狀結構,
其中該厚膜膏組成物包括:
i)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;
ii)一以固體重量計,佔0.5-15%之鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物中,鉛對碲的莫耳比係介於5/95及95/5之間;以及
iii)一有機介質;以及
(c)燒製該半導體基材、一或多層絕緣膜及厚膜膏,同時形成與該一或多個絕緣膜接觸並與該半導體基材電性接觸的一電極。
本發明之另一方面係一種物件,其包括:
a)一半導體基材;
b)一或多個絕緣膜,其位於該半導體基材上;以及
c)一與該一或多個絕緣膜接點及與該半導體基材電性接觸之電極,該電極包括一導電金屬及鉛-碲-氧化物。
太陽能動力光伏系統由於降低了對化石燃料的需求而被視為環保。
本發明提供能用於製造電氣性能經提升之光伏裝置之組成物。該厚膜膏組成物包括:
a)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;
b)一以固體重量計,佔0.5至15%之鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物中,鉛對碲的莫耳比係介於5/95及95/5之間;以及
c)一有機介質。
於本文中所定義,該有機介質並不視為是包括該厚膜膏組成物的固體之一部分。
該導電金屬係選自於由銀、銅及鈀所組成之群組。該導電金屬可為一薄片形式、一圓球狀形式、一粒狀形式、一結晶形式、一粉末或其他不規則形式及其混合物。該導電金屬可提供於一膠體懸浮液中。
當該金屬為銀時,其可為金屬銀、銀衍生物或其混合物之形式。例示性之衍生物包括:銀之合金、氧化銀(Ag2O)、銀鹽,諸如AgCl、AgNO3、AgOOCCH3(醋酸銀)、AgOOCF3(三氟醋酸銀)或正磷酸銀,例如Ag3PO4。亦可使用相容於其他厚膜膏成分之其他形式的銀。
在一實施例中,導電金屬或其衍生物係為該厚膜膏組成物之固體成分的約85至約99.5重量百分比。在另一實施例中,該導電金屬或其衍生物佔該厚膜膏組成物之固體成分約90至約95重量百分比。
在一實施例中,該厚膜膏組成物之固體部分包括約85至約99.5重量百分比的圓球狀銀粒子。在一實施例中,該厚膜膏組成物之固體部分包括約85至約90重量百分比的銀粒子及約1至約9.5重量百分比的銀薄片。
在一實施例中,該厚膜膏組成物包括經披覆之導電性銀粒子。適合的塗料包括磷酸鹽及表面活性劑。適合的表面活性劑包括聚乙烯氧化物(polyethyleneoxide)、聚乙二醇、苯并三唑、聚(乙二醇)乙酸、月桂酸、油酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亞麻油酸、硬脂酸、棕櫚酸、硬脂酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽與其混合物。該鹽類之相對離子可為銨、鈉、鉀及其混合物。
銀的粒徑並未受到任何特別限制。在一實施例中,一平均粒徑為0.5-10微米;在另一實施例中,該平均粒徑為1-5微米。如本文所用,「粒度」或「D50」意指「平均粒度」;「平均粒度」意謂著50%的體積分佈大小。體積分佈大小可藉由使用Microtrac之粒度分析儀的雷射繞射與分散方法來測定。
該鉛-碲-氧化物(Pb-Te-O)可以下述方式製備:混合TeO2及氧化鉛粉末,在空氣中或含氧氣氛中加熱該粉末混合物以形成一熔融物,淬火該熔融物,研磨及球磨該經淬火之材料,並網篩該經研磨之材料以提供具所需粒徑之粉末。該氧化鉛粉末可包括一或多種選自於由PbO、Pb3O4以及PbO2所組成之群組的成分。燒製該鉛及碲氧化物之混合物通常係在一800至1200℃的峰值溫度下進行。舉例而言,可在一不鏽鋼壓板上或反向旋轉之不鏽鋼滾輪間將該熔融混合物淬火以形成一厚板。可將所得之厚板研磨成粉末。通常,該經研磨之粉末具有一0.1至3.0微米之D50。在一實施例中,以此方法所形成之Pb-Te-O會係至少部分結晶。
通常,該PbO及TeO2粉末之混合物包括5至95莫耳%的氧化鉛及5至95莫耳%的氧化碲,此係以合併之粉末為基礎。在一實施例中,該PbO及TeO2粉末之混合物包括30至85莫耳%之氧化鉛及15至70莫耳%之氧化碲,此係以合併之粉末為基礎。在另一實施例中,該PbO及TeO2粉末之混合物包括30至65莫耳%氧化鉛及35至70莫耳%之氧化碲,此係以合併之粉末為基礎。
在某些實施例中,該PbO及TeO2粉末之混合物進一步包括一或多種其他金屬化合物。適合的其他金屬化合物包括TiO2、LiO2、B2O3、PbF2、SiO2、Na2O、K2O、Rb2O、Cs2O、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO、V2O5、ZrO2、MoO3、Mn2O3、Ag2O、ZnO、Ga2O3、GeO2、In2O3、SnO2、Sb2O3、Bi2O3、BiF3、P2O5、CuO、NiO、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、CoO、Co2O3及CeO2。表1及表2列舉一些粉末混合物之實例,其包含PbO、TeO2及其他可用來製造鉛-碲氧化物之任意金屬化合物。此列表旨在說明,而非限制。
因此,於本文中所述,術語「Pb-Te-O」也可包括含有一或多種元素之氧化物的金屬氧化物,此元素係選自於由Si、Sn、Li、Ti、Ag、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Ge、Ga、In、Ni、Zn、Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba、Se、Mo、W、Y、As、La、Nd、Co、Pr、Gd、Sm、Dy、Eu、Ho、Yb、Lu、Bi、Ta、V、Fe、Hf、Cr、Cd、Sb、Bi、F、Zr、Mn、P、Cu、Ce及Nb所組成之群組。
將厚膜膏組成物之無機成分與一有機介質混合,以形成對印刷具適當稠度及流變性的黏稠膏。多種惰性黏稠材料可當做有機介質使用。在該膏製造、運送及儲存期間,以及在一網印製程期間在該印刷網篩上,該有機介質可為一種使無機成分可以適當穩定度分散於其中的有機介質。
適合的有機介質具備可提供穩定之固體分散性、適合網印之黏度及搖變性、適當之基材及膏固體可濕性、一優良之乾燥速率以及優良之燒製性質的流變特性。該有機介質可包括增稠劑、安定劑、表面活性劑及/或其他常見的添加劑。該有機介質可為一種聚合物溶於溶劑中的溶液。適合的聚合物包括乙基纖維素、乙基羥乙基纖維素、木松香、乙基纖維素及苯酚樹脂之混合物、低級醇之聚甲基丙烯酸酯以及乙二醇單乙酸酯之單丁醚。適合的溶劑包括萜類例如阿伐或貝他萜品醇或其混合物與其他溶劑例如煤油、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、丁卡必醇、丁卡必醇乙酸酯、伸己甘醇及沸點在150℃以上的醇類,以及醇酯。其他適合的有機介質成分包括:己二酸雙(2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酯(bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl adipate)、二元酯例如DBE、DBE-2、DBE-3、DBE-4、DBE-5、DBE-6、DBE-9及DBE 1B、環氧妥爾酸辛酯(octyl epoxy tallate)、異十四醇以及氫化松香之季戊四醇酯。該有機介質亦可包括揮發性液體以促進將該厚膜膏組成物施用在基材上後的快速硬化。
在厚膜膏組成物中,最理想之有機介質含量係取決於施用該膏之方法及所使用之具體有機介質。通常,該厚膜膏組成物含70至95重量百分比之無機成分及5至30重量百分比之有機介質。
若該有機介質包括一聚合物,則該有機組成物可包括8至15重量百分比的聚合物。
在一實施例中,可以任何順序混合導電金屬粉末、Pb-Te-O粉末以及有機介質而製備該厚膜膏組成物。在某些實施例中,係先將無機材料混合,然後將它們添加至該有機介質。若有需要,可加入溶劑調整其黏度。可使用提供高剪力的混合方法。
本發明之另一方面係一種方法,其包括:
a)提供一半導體基材,其包括一或多層沉積於至少該半導體基材之一表面上的絕緣膜;
(b)施用一厚膜膏組成物於該一或多層絕緣膜之至少一部分上,以形成一層狀結構,其中該厚膜膏組成物包括:
i)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;
ii)一以固體重量計,佔0.5-15%之鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物中,鉛對碲的莫耳比係介於5/95及95/5之間;以及
iii)一有機介質;以及
(c)燒製該半導體基材、一或多層絕緣膜以及厚膜膏,以形成一與該一或多個絕緣膜接點及與該半導體基材電性接觸之電極。
在一實施例中,一半導體裝置係由一包括一具有接面之半導體基材之物件及一形成於其一主要表面上之氮化矽絕緣膜所製造。該方法包括以一預定之形狀及厚度及在一預定之位置上,將具有穿透絕緣膜能力之厚膜膏組成物施用(例如,塗覆或網印)至絕緣膜上,然後燒製而使厚膜膏組成物與絕緣膜產生反應並穿透該絕緣膜,從而與該矽基材產生電性接觸之步驟。
此方法之一實施例如圖1所示。
圖1(a)顯示一單晶矽或多晶矽p-型基材10。
在圖1(b)中,形成一相反極性之n-型擴散層20以產生一p-n接面。可使用氧氯化磷(POCl3)作為磷的來源,經磷之熱擴散而形成該n-型擴散層20。在不作任何特定修改之下,在該p-型矽基材整個表面上形成該n-型擴散層20。該擴散層之深度可藉由控制擴散的溫度及時間而改變,且一般所形成之厚度範圍約為0.3至0.5微米。該n-型擴散層能具備一每平方數十歐姆的薄片電阻率。
如圖1(c)所示,在用一光阻劑或類似物保護該n-型擴散層20之一表面後,以蝕刻法將n-型擴散層20自大部分的表面移除,至使其僅存在一主要之表面上。接著,使用一有機溶劑或類似物而移除該光阻劑。
接著,在圖1(d)中,一亦可當作抗反射塗層之絕緣膜30係形成於該n-型擴散層20上。該絕緣膜一般為氮化矽,但亦可為一SiNx:H膜(亦即該絕緣膜包含在後續燃燒處理中用於鈍化作用之氫)、一氧化鈦膜或一氧化矽膜。一厚度約700至900 之氮化矽膜係適合於一約1.9至2.0之折射率。該絕緣膜30之沉積可以濺鍍法、化學氣相沉積法或其他方法完成。
接著,形成電極。如圖1(e)所示,將本發明之一厚膜膏組成物網印在該絕緣膜30上,然後乾燥之。另外,將鋁膏60及背側銀膏70網印在該基材的背側上,並相繼乾燥之。在一750至850℃的溫度下進行燒製數秒鐘至數十分鐘之期間。
結果,如圖1(f)所示,在燒製期間,鋁自鋁膏擴散至背側上的矽基材中,從而形成一含有一高濃度鋁摻雜之p+層40。此層通常被稱為背面電場(back surface field,BSF)層,且它有助於改善該太陽能電池之能量轉換效率。燒製過程使該經乾燥之鋁膏60轉變成一鋁背電極61。同時將該背側銀膏70於進行燒製,使其變成一銀或銀/鋁背電極71。在燒製期間,於該背側鋁及該背側銀之間的邊界處會呈現一合金狀態,藉此達成電性連接。一部分由於需要形成一p+層40,故該背電極之大部分區域係為該鋁電極所佔據。同時,因焊接至一鋁電極係不可能的,銀或銀/鋁背電極係形成在背側之有限區域上,作為藉由銅帶或類似物與太陽能電池相互連接的電極。
於前側上,本發明之厚膜膏組成物500在燒製期間燒結並穿透該絕緣膜30,並藉此達成與該n型擴散層20之電性接觸。此類方法一般稱之為「燒穿」。此燒穿狀態,即該膏熔化並通過該絕緣膜30之程度,係取決於該絕緣膜30之品質及厚度、該膏之組成以及燒製條件。當燒製時,該膏500變成該電極501,如圖1(f)所示。
在一實施例中,該絕緣膜係選自於氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氮化矽、SiNx:H、氧化矽、氮氧碳化矽(silicon carbon oxynitride)、一含碳之氮化矽膜、一含碳之氧化矽膜以及氧化矽/氧化鈦膜。該氮化矽膜可以濺鍍法、一電漿輔助化學氣相沉積法(PECVD)或一熱CVD法形成。在一實施例中,該氧化矽膜係以熱氧化法、濺鍍法、或熱CFD法或電漿CFD法形成。可以塗覆一含鈦之有機液體材料至該半導體基材上並燒製或以一熱CVD法形成該氧化鈦膜。
在此方法中,該半導體基材可為一單晶或多晶矽電極。
適合的絕緣膜包括一或多種成分,其係選自於:氧化鋁、氧化鈦、氮化矽、SiNx:H、氧化矽、氮氧碳化矽、一含碳之氮化矽膜、一含碳之氧化矽膜以及氧化矽/氧化鈦。在本發明之一實施例中,該絕緣膜係一種抗反射塗層(ARC)。可將該絕緣膜施用至一半導體基材,或其可自然形成,如於氧化矽之實例中。
在一實施例中,該絕緣膜包括一層氮化矽。該氮化矽可以CVD法(化學氣相沉積法)、PECVD法(電漿輔助化學氣相沉積法)、濺鍍法或其他方法進行沉積。
在一實施例中,處理該絕緣膜之氮化矽以移除至少一部分的氮化矽。該處理可為一化學處理。移除至少一部分的氮化矽可改良該厚膜膏組成物導體及該半導體基材之間的電性接觸。此能導致該半導體裝置效率之提升。
在一實施例中,該絕緣膜之氮化矽係一抗反射塗層的一部分。
可以一圖案將該厚膜膏組成物印刷至該絕緣膜上,例如具連接線之匯流排。該印刷過程可以網印、鍍覆、擠製、噴墨、成形或多重印刷或帶體進行。
在該形成電極的方法中,將該厚膜膏組成物加熱以去除該有機介質並燒結該金屬粉末。該加熱過程可在空氣或一含氧氣氛中進行。該步驟一般稱之為「燒製」。通常會設定該燒製過程之溫度分布,以便使有機黏結劑材料以及任何其他存在之有機材料能夠自乾燥後之厚膜膏組成物中燒除。在一實施例中,該燒製溫度係750至950℃。該燒製過程可在一利用高輸送速率(例如100-500 cm/min)之帶式爐中進行,而所得之滯留時間為0.05至5分鐘。多個溫度區段可用以控制所需求之熱分布,例如3-11個區段。
於燒製時,該導電金屬及Pb-Te-O之混合物穿透該絕緣膜。該絕緣膜之穿透將導致在該電極與該半導體基材之間的電性接觸。燒製後,在該半導體基材與該電極之間可形成一夾層,其中該夾層包括一或多種碲、碲化合物、鉛、鉛化合物以及矽化合物,其中該矽可源自於該矽基材及/或該絕緣膜。燒製後,該電極包括經燒結之金屬,其接處到下方之半導體基材且亦可接觸到一或多層的絕緣膜。
本發明之另一方面係一種藉由一方法所形成之物件,該方法包括:
(a)提供一半導體基材,其包括一或多層沉積於該半導體基材之至少一表面上的絕緣膜;
(b)施用一厚膜膏組成物於該一或多層絕緣膜之至少一部分上,以形成一層狀結構,
其中該厚膜膏組成物包括:
i)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;
ii)一以固體重量計,佔0.5至15%之鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物中,鉛對碲的莫耳比係介於5/95及95/5之間;以及
iii)一有機介質;以及
(c)燒製該半導體基材、一或多層絕緣膜以及厚膜膏,以形成一與該一或多個絕緣膜接點及與該半導體基材電性接觸之電極。
這類物件可用於製造光伏裝置。在一實施例中,該物件係一半導體裝置,其包括一由該厚膜膏組成物所形成之電極。在一實施例中,該電極係在一矽太陽能電池上之一前側電極。在一實施例中,該物件進一步包括一背電極。
下述為厚膜膏組成物之說明性製備方法及評估。
將TeO2粉末(純度99+%)及PbO粉末(ACS試劑級,純度99+%),以及選擇性PbF2、SiO2、B2O3、P2O5、磷酸鉛、SnO2、SnO、Li2O、Li2(CO3)、Li(NO3)、V2O5、Ag2O、Ag2(CO3)、Ag(NO3)之混合物在一聚乙烯容器中翻攪30分鐘以混合該起始粉末。將該起始粉末混合物放置在一鉑坩堝中,並在空氣中於一10℃/min的加熱速率下加熱至900℃,然後維持在900℃一小時以熔化該混合物。從熔爐移除鉑坩堝並將該熔融物傾注在一不鏽鋼壓板上,使該熔融物自900℃淬火。將所得之材料於一研缽中研磨並搗碎至小於100篩目。然後將該經研磨之材料於一聚乙烯容器中用氧化鋯球及異丙醇球磨直到其D50為0.5-0.7微米。然後將該經球磨之材料從該研磨球中分離、乾燥並通過一100篩目之網篩以提供用於厚膜膏製程之助熔劑粉末。
注意:在該表中之組成物係以重量百分比顯示,其係以整體玻璃組成物之重量為基礎。TeO2/PbO之比係指一僅在組成物之TeO2及PbO之間的莫耳比。
表3之鉛-碲-鋰-氧化物(Pb-Te-Li-Ti-O)組成物係以混合及調合Pb3O4及TeO2粉末以及如表3所示於中選擇性的SiO2、P2O5、Pb2P2O7、Ag2O、Ag(NO3)及/或SnO2而製備之。將該經調合之粉末批次材料裝填至一鉑合金坩堝中,然後放入一在900-1000℃下且使用含空氣或O2之氣氛的熔爐中。在該成分達到完全溶化後,該熱處理的持續時間為20分鐘。然後以金屬滾輪將因該成分熔合而得之低黏度液體淬火。然後將該淬火後之玻璃研磨,並網篩以提供一D50為0.1至3.0微米的粉末。
注意:在該表中的組成物係以重量百分比顯示,其係以整體玻璃組成物之重量為基礎。
將該等有機成分放入Thinky混合罐(Thinky USA,Inc)中,並在2000 RPM下經Thinky-混合2至4分鐘直到調合均勻。將該無機成分(Pb-Te-O粉末及銀導電粉末)於一玻璃罐中翻攪混合15分鐘。該無機成分之總重量為88 g,其中85-87 g為銀粉末而1-3 g為PbO及TeO2粉末之混合物。然後將三分之一的無機成分加入包含有機成分之Thinky罐中,並在2000 RPM下混合1分鐘。重複此操作直到將所有的無機成分加入並混合之。將該膏冷卻並藉由添加溶劑以將其黏度調整至介於200及500 Pa‧s之間,然後在200 RPM下混合1分鐘。重複該步驟直到達到所需黏度。然後將該膏在0 psi及75 psi下,通過一1密耳之間隙各三次以進行輥磨。以磨料細度(FOG)測量分散程度。對於厚膜膏而言,該FOG值通常等於或小於20/10。在一具備一#14轉軸及一#6杯具的Brookfield黏度計上測量每一種膏的黏度。在24小時後,於室溫下將該膏之黏度調整至介於200與320 Pa‧s之間。在3分鐘後,用一黏度計在10 RPM下測量黏度。
一般而言,膏的製備是使用下列程序進行製備:將表9、10、12及13中之適量溶劑、介質以及表面活性劑秤出並在一混合罐中混合15分鐘。
由於Ag為固體的主要部分,其係以遞增的方式添加,以確保較佳的潤濕。當完全混合後,以從0至250 psi的漸增壓力,使該膏重覆地通過一個三輥磨機(3-roll mill)。將輥間之間隙設定在2密耳。利用一Brookfield黏度計測量該膏之黏度,並加入適量之溶劑及樹脂以調整該膏之黏度至一介於230與280 Pa-sec間之目標。以磨料細度(FOG)測量分散程度。對第四最長的連續刮痕而言,典型用於膏的FOG值小於20微米,而對50%的膏皆產生刮痕的點而言,FOG值小於10微米。
為製造用以產生表9、10、12及13之數據的最終膏,將表1中之2至3重量百分比的玻璃料混入一部分銀膏,並在本領域具有通常知識者稱為混練機(muller)之旋轉玻璃盤間以剪力分散之。為製造表12及13之最終膏,以1)一適量之銀加入一適量表4之載體後,將兩者輥磨,2)一適量來自表3之第一玻璃料加入一適量表4之載體後,將兩者輥磨,以及3)一適量來自表3之第二玻璃料加入一適量表4之載體後,將兩者輥磨,藉由上述方式製作三種不同的膏。使用一行星式離心混合機(Thinky Corporation,Tokyo,Japan)將適量之該銀膏及該玻璃料混合在一起。
表11顯示表12及13中實例之合併玻璃料組成物。以表12及13之調合比例,使用表3之玻璃料組成物計算顯示於表11中之合併玻璃料組成物。
根據下列詳細說明,使用上述用以製造列於表中之膏組成物之程序來製造表5、7、8、9、11及12之膏實例。所測試的膏含有85至88%的銀粉末。這些實例使用一D50=2.0 μm之特異圓球狀銀。
測試該厚膜膏效能之太陽能電池係由175微米厚之Q.Cell多晶矽晶圓所製作,其具有含一經酸蝕刻之粗化表面的65 ohm/sq摻磷射極層,以及70 nm厚之PECVD SiNx抗反射塗層。該太陽能電池係由Q-Cells SE,OT Thalheim,Germany所提供。利用一鑽石晶圓鋸將該晶圓切成尺寸為28 mm×28 mm的晶圓。使用一AMI-Presco MSP-485網印機將切割後的晶圓網印,以提供一匯流排、11條節距0.254 cm的導線以及一完全接地面、經網印之鋁背側導體。在印刷及乾燥之後,用一BTU International快速熱處理帶式爐將電池進行燒製。該顯示於表3之燒製溫度為該熔爐之設定點溫度,其較實際晶圓溫度要高約125℃。該經燒製之導線中位線寬為120微米而平均線高為15微米。該中位線電阻為3.0E-6 ohm‧cm。減少總太陽能電池填充因子(FF)~5%的邊緣效應預期會衝擊該尺寸為28 mm×28 mm之電池的效能。
將膏施用至有一摻磷射極於p型基板上且為切割鋸刀切割成尺寸為1.1"×1.1"的多晶矽太陽能電池。將來自實例1之膏施用至具有一62 Ω/□射極之DeutscheCell(DeutscheCell,Germany)多晶晶圓,而來自實例2至6之膏則施用至具有一55 Ω/□射極之Gintech(Gintech Energy Corporation,Taiwan)多晶晶圓。以等向性酸蝕刻(isotropic acid etching)將所使用之太陽能電池粗化並使具有一SiNx:H抗反射塗層(ARC)。測量顯示於表9、10、12及13中每一個實例的效率及填充因子。對每一種膏而言,顯示以5至12個樣品計算之效率及填充因子的平均及中位值。使用一刮刀速度設定為250 mm/sec的ETP L555型印刷機網印製作每一個樣品。所使用的網篩具有含100 μm開口之11條柵線以及含位於一20 μm的乳劑上之1.5 mm開口之1條匯流排的圖案在325篩目及23 μm導線之網篩中。將一商業上可購得的鋁膏,杜邦(DuPont)PV381,印刷在該裝置的非受照(背)側上。
兩側具有印刷圖案的該裝置接著在一乾燥箱中以250℃的峰值溫度進行10分鐘的乾燥。然後以一使用560 cm/min帶速及溫度設定點為550-600-650-700-800-905至945℃的CF7214 Despatch 6區段紅外線熔爐燒製該基材之太陽側。該部分的實際溫度是在處理期間量測。每一部位所估計的峰值溫度為740-780℃,而在總時間為4秒時,每一部位為650℃以上。然後利用一校正過的ST-1000測試儀測試該經完全處理之樣品的PV效能。
使用一ST-1000,Telecom STV Co. IV測試儀在25℃ +/- 1.0℃下測量太陽能電池之效能。在該IV測試儀中的Xe Arc燈模擬出一已知強度的太陽光,並照射該電池之前表面。該測試儀在接近400負載電阻設定值下,利用一四接點法來測量電流(I)及電壓(V)以測定該電池之I-V曲線。太陽能電池之效率(Eff)、填充因子(FF)以及串聯電阻值(Rs)係由該I-V曲線計算而得。Rs特別會受到接觸電阻率(ρc)、導線電阻值及射極片電阻值的影響。因為導線電阻值與片電阻值對於不同的樣品在標稱上係相等的,所以Rs的差異主要係由於ρc。使用Suns-VOC技術來確認理想因子(Ideality factor)。在0.1太陽輻射照度下記述該理想因子。
確認使用實例1-12之厚膜膏所製備之太陽能電池之效率、填充因子、串聯電阻值以及理想因子的中位值,並將其歸納於表6中。測定使用實例13-27之厚膜膏所製備之太陽能電池之效率的平均及中位值,並將其歸納於表7中。測定使用實例13-27之厚膜膏所製備之太陽能電池之填充因子的平均及中位值,並將其歸納於表8中。
根據本文所述之方法建立的太陽能電池會針對轉換效率進行測試。以下提供一測試效率的例示性方法。
在一實施例中,將根據本文所述方法所建造之太陽能電池係被放置於一市售I-V測試儀中以測量效率(Telecom STV,model ST-1000)。在該I-V測試儀中的Xe Arc燈模擬出一已知強度的太陽光(AM 1.5),並照射該電池之前表面。該測試器使用一多點接觸法,以(在接近400負載電阻設定下測量電池的電流(I)及電壓(V),以測定電池的I-V曲線。填充因子(FF)和效率(Eff)兩者是從I-V曲線計算得到的。
10...p型矽基材
20...n型擴散層
30...絕緣膜/絕緣膜
40...p+層(背面電場,BSF)
60...沉積於背側之鋁膏
61...鋁背電極(經燒製背側鋁膏而得)
70...沉積在背側上之銀或銀/鋁膏
71...銀或銀/鋁背電極(經燒製背側銀膏而得)
500...沉積於前側上之厚膜膏
501...前電極(經燒製厚膜膏而形成)
圖1A至1F為繪示一半導體裝置的製造流程圖。圖1A至1F中所示的參考號碼說明如下。
10:p型矽基材
20:n型擴散層
30:絕緣膜/絕緣膜
40:p+層(背面電場,BSF)
60:沉積於背側之鋁膏
61:鋁背電極(經燒製背側鋁膏而得)
70:沉積在背側上之銀或銀/鋁膏
71:銀或銀/鋁背電極(經燒製背側銀膏而得)
500:沉積於前側上之厚膜膏
501:前電極(經燒製厚膜膏而形成)
10...p型矽基材
20...n型擴散層
30...絕緣膜/絕緣膜
40...p+層(背面電場,BSF)
61...鋁背電極(經燒製背側鋁膏而得)
71...銀或銀/鋁背電極(經燒製背側銀膏而得)
501...前電極(經燒製厚膜膏而形成)
Claims (13)
- 一種用以在光伏裝置中形成電性連接的厚膜膏組成物,其中該光伏裝置包括一半導體基材,且於其主要表面上具有至少一絕緣膜,而該組成物包括:a)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;b)以固體重量計,佔0.5至15%之一鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物包括30至65莫耳%氧化鉛及35至70莫耳%之氧化碲;以及c)一有機介質;其中該厚膜膏在燒製後可穿透該至少一絕緣膜。
- 如請求項1所述之厚膜膏組成物,其中該導電金屬包括銀。
- 如請求項1所述之厚膜膏組成物,其中該有機介質包括一聚合物。
- 如請求項3所述之厚膜膏組成物,其中該有機介質進一步包括一或多種添加劑,該添加劑係選自於由溶劑、安定劑、表面活性劑以及增稠劑所組成之群組。
- 如請求項1所述之厚膜膏組成物,其中該導電金屬佔該固體之90-95重量百分比。
- 如請求項1所述之厚膜膏組成物,其中該Pb-Te-O為至少部分結晶。
- 如請求項1所述之厚膜膏組成物,其進一步包括一添加劑,該添加劑係選自於由:TiO2、LiO2、B2O3、PbF2、 SiO2、Na2O、K2O、Rb2O、Cs2O、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO、V2O5、ZrO2、MoO3、Mn2O3、Ag2O、ZnO、Ga2O3、GeO2、In2O3、SnO2、Sb2O3、Bi2O3、BiF3、P2O5、CuO、NiO、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、CoO、Co2O3以及CeO2所組成之群組。
- 如請求項1所述之厚膜膏組成物,其中該鉛-碲氧化物進一步包括一或多種元素,該元素係選自於由:Si、Sn、Li、Ti、Ag、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Ge、Ga、In、Ni、Zn、Ca、Mg、Sr、Ba、Se、Mo、W、Y、As、La、Nd、Co、Pr、Gd、Sm、Dy、Eu、Ho、Yb、Lu、Bi、Ta、V、Fe、Hf、Cr、Cd、Sb、Bi、F、Zr、Mn、P、Cu、Ce以及Nb所組成之群組。
- 一種製造半導體裝置的方法,其包括:(a)提供一半導體基材,其包括一或多層沉積於一半導體基材之至少一表面上的絕緣膜;(b)施用一厚膜膏組成物於至少一部分該絕緣膜上,以形成一層狀結構,其中該厚膜膏組成物包括:i)以該組成物之總固體重量計,佔85至99.5%之一導電金屬或其衍生物;ii)以固體重量計,佔0.5-15%之一鉛-碲-氧化物,其中該鉛-碲-氧化物包括30至65莫耳%氧化鉛及35至70莫耳%之氧化碲;以及iii)一有機介質;以及 (c)燒製該半導體基材、一或多層絕緣膜以及厚膜膏,以形成一與該一或多個絕緣膜接點及與該半導體基材電性接觸之電極。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中該厚膜膏組成物係以形成圖案的方式施用至該絕緣膜上。
- 如請求項9所述之方法,其中該燒製過程係在空氣或一含氧氣氛中進行。
- 一種半導體裝置,其包括:a)一半導體基材;b)在該半導體基材上之一或多個絕緣膜;以及e)與該一或多個絕緣膜接觸及與該半導體基材電性接觸之一電極,該電極包括一導電金屬及一鉛-碲-氧化物;其中該鉛-碲-氧化物包括30至65莫耳%氧化鉛及35至70莫耳%之氧化碲。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之半導體裝置,其中該半導體裝置為一太陽能電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33100610P | 2010-05-04 | 2010-05-04 | |
US61/331,006 | 2010-05-04 | ||
US201161440117P | 2011-02-07 | 2011-02-07 | |
US61/440,117 | 2011-02-07 | ||
US201161445508P | 2011-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | |
US61/445,508 | 2011-02-22 | ||
US201161467003P | 2011-03-24 | 2011-03-24 | |
US61/467,003 | 2011-03-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201145311A TW201145311A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
TWI611428B true TWI611428B (zh) | 2018-01-11 |
Family
ID=44583755
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW100115703A TWI564351B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 含有鉛-碲-硼-氧化物之厚膜膏及其在半導體裝置之製造中的用途 |
TW100115705A TWI498308B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 含有鉛-碲-鋰-鈦-氧化物之厚膜膏及其在半導體裝置之製造中的用途 |
TW100115704A TWI611428B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 含鉛-及碲-氧化物之厚膜膏及其用於製造半導體裝置之用途 |
TW100115700A TWI589649B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 包含鉛-碲-鋰-氧化物之厚膜膏及其在半導體裝置之製造中的用途 |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW100115703A TWI564351B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 含有鉛-碲-硼-氧化物之厚膜膏及其在半導體裝置之製造中的用途 |
TW100115705A TWI498308B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 含有鉛-碲-鋰-鈦-氧化物之厚膜膏及其在半導體裝置之製造中的用途 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW100115700A TWI589649B (zh) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | 包含鉛-碲-鋰-氧化物之厚膜膏及其在半導體裝置之製造中的用途 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (12) | US8497420B2 (zh) |
EP (5) | EP2566825B1 (zh) |
JP (4) | JP5711359B2 (zh) |
KR (7) | KR20130016346A (zh) |
CN (6) | CN102947235B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2570133T3 (zh) |
HK (2) | HK1180295A1 (zh) |
TW (4) | TWI564351B (zh) |
WO (5) | WO2011140197A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10468542B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2019-11-05 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Thick-film pastes containing lead-tellurium-lithium-oxides, and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US10658528B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2020-05-19 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
Families Citing this family (200)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2947481B1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2011-08-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de collage cuivre-cuivre simplifie |
JP5559510B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2014-07-23 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | 太陽電池素子及びその製造方法 |
EP2586037A1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2013-05-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the formation of a silver back anode of a silicon solar cell |
US9129725B2 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2015-09-08 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition containing lithium, and articles made therefrom |
US8815636B2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2014-08-26 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Oxides and glasses for use with aluminum back solar cell contacts |
US9680036B2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2017-06-13 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Organometallic and hydrocarbon additives for use with aluminum back solar cell contacts |
US8709862B2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2014-04-29 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Vanadium, cobalt and strontium additives for use in aluminum back solar cell contacts |
WO2012129554A2 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
US8512463B2 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2013-08-20 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film paste containing bismuth-tellurium-oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
CN103493148B (zh) | 2011-04-21 | 2016-01-20 | 昭荣化学工业株式会社 | 导电性糊膏 |
US8790550B2 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2014-07-29 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Low temperature fireable thick film silver paste |
US20150099352A1 (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2015-04-09 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | COMPOSITION FOR FORMING n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, METHOD OF PRODUCING n-TYPE DIFFUSION LAYER, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL ELEMENT |
US8691119B2 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2014-04-08 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film paste containing lead-tellurium-lithium-titanium-oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US8696948B2 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2014-04-15 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film paste containing lead—tellurium—lithium—titanium—oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US8916069B2 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2014-12-23 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions containing rhodium and Pb-Te-O and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
EP2754185A4 (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2015-06-03 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | SOLAR CELL CONTACTS WITH SILVER PASTILLE |
CN102315332B (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-08-07 | 英利能源(中国)有限公司 | 太阳能电池片热处理工艺 |
US8771554B2 (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2014-07-08 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film silver paste containing Al2O3 and lead-tellurium—oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US10170645B2 (en) | 2011-11-04 | 2019-01-01 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Organic vehicle for electroconductive paste |
US20130186463A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-07-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive silver paste for a metal-wrap-through silicon solar cell |
KR20130064659A (ko) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-18 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101350960B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-13 | 2014-01-16 | 한화케미칼 주식회사 | 글래스 프릿, 이를 포함하는 도전성 페이스트 조성물 및 태양전지 |
CN103204632B (zh) * | 2012-01-14 | 2015-09-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 导电玻璃粉及其制备方法、晶体硅太阳能电池铝导电浆料及制备方法 |
US20130180583A1 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-18 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste for fine-line high-aspect-ratio screen printing in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US8952245B2 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2015-02-10 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Conductive thick film paste for solar cell contacts |
US8956557B2 (en) * | 2012-01-24 | 2015-02-17 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film silver paste containing copper and lead—tellurium—oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US9171972B2 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-10-27 | Kyocera Corporation | Method for producing photoelectric converter and phtotelectric converter |
CN103377751B (zh) * | 2012-04-17 | 2018-01-02 | 赫劳斯贵金属北美康舍霍肯有限责任公司 | 用于太阳能电池触点的导电厚膜膏 |
KR20130117345A (ko) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-25 | 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈즈 노스 아메리카 콘쇼호켄 엘엘씨 | 태양 전지 접촉을 위한 전도성 후막 페이스트용 텔루륨 무기 반응 시스템 |
CN103915128B (zh) * | 2012-05-03 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州晶银新材料股份有限公司 | 光伏电池背电极用导电浆料 |
JP6359236B2 (ja) | 2012-05-07 | 2018-07-18 | トーカロ株式会社 | 静電チャック |
US9087937B2 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-07-21 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Glass composition and its use in conductive silver paste |
US20150155401A1 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2015-06-04 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Electroconductive paste with adhesion enhancer |
JP5937904B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-26 | 2016-06-22 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 太陽電池電極用ペースト組成物 |
JP5690780B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-18 | 2015-03-25 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | Ag電極形成用ペースト組成物とその製造方法ならびに太陽電池 |
JP6112384B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2017-04-12 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 電極形成用ガラス及びこれを用いた電極形成材料 |
US8652873B1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-18 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick-film paste containing lead-vanadium-based oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
KR20140022511A (ko) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-02-25 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극용 페이스트, 이로부터 제조된 전극 및 이를 포함하는 태양전지 |
US8969709B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2015-03-03 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Use of a conductive composition containing lead—tellurium-based oxide in the manufacture of semiconductor devices with lightly doped emitters |
US9236161B2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2016-01-12 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
US8900488B2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-12-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
JP2014060261A (ja) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-04-03 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 導電性ペースト、太陽電池、及び太陽電池の製造方法 |
KR20150065767A (ko) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-06-15 | 가부시키가이샤 무라타 세이사쿠쇼 | 도전성 페이스트 및 태양전지 |
US10069021B2 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2018-09-04 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Electro-conductive pastes with salts with an anion consisting of halogen and oxygen in solar cell applications |
JP5756447B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-07-29 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物 |
KR101600652B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-03-07 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101557536B1 (ko) | 2012-12-21 | 2015-10-06 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101518500B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-05-11 | 제일모직주식회사 | 유리프릿, 이를 포함하는 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
WO2014146306A1 (zh) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | 深圳首创光伏有限公司 | 太阳能电池正面电极导电浆料及其制备方法 |
CN103915127B (zh) * | 2013-01-03 | 2017-05-24 | 上海匡宇科技股份有限公司 | 用于表面高方阻硅基太阳能电池正面银浆及其制备方法 |
JP5994650B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-16 | 2016-09-21 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | 保護膜形成用ガラス組成物及びその製造方法 |
WO2014117409A1 (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-07 | 深圳首创光伏有限公司 | 晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极导电浆料及其制备方法 |
JP6137852B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-04 | 2017-05-31 | ナミックス株式会社 | 太陽電池の電極形成用導電性ペースト |
US9236506B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2016-01-12 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive silver paste for a metal-wrap-through silicon solar cell |
KR101587683B1 (ko) | 2013-02-15 | 2016-01-21 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
JP6403963B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-10 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 太陽電池電極用焼成型ペースト、太陽電池および銀粉 |
WO2014156964A1 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | 太陽電池素子表面電極用導電性ペースト及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 |
EP4092764A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2022-11-23 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Solar cell |
KR101590224B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-11 | 2016-01-29 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101882525B1 (ko) | 2013-04-11 | 2018-07-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101582374B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-01-04 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101600659B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-03-07 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101590226B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-29 | 2016-01-29 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
US20140352768A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of manufacturing solar cell electrode |
US9246027B2 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-01-26 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of manufacturing solar cell electrode |
JP6018729B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-12 | 2016-11-02 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 太陽電池の裏面ファイヤースルー用ペースト組成物、および太陽電池の製造方法 |
US9159864B2 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-10-13 | First Solar, Inc. | Back contact paste with Te enrichment and copper doping control in thin film photovoltaic devices |
KR101483875B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-01-16 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 글라스 코어기판 및 그 제조방법 |
CN104347151A (zh) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-11 | 上海匡宇电子技术有限公司 | 一种导电银浆及其制备方法 |
CN103771715B (zh) * | 2013-08-06 | 2017-09-05 | 浙江光达电子科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池背面银浆用玻璃粉及其制备方法 |
US8852995B1 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-10-07 | Atomic Energy Council-Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research | Preparation method for patternization of metal electrodes in silicon solar cells |
KR101693070B1 (ko) * | 2013-08-28 | 2017-01-04 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
US20150060742A1 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-05 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste used for a solar cell electrode |
KR101608123B1 (ko) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-03-31 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
JP6142756B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-02 | 2017-06-07 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | ガラス粉末材料 |
CN103545016B (zh) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-06-29 | 深圳市首骋新材料科技有限公司 | 晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极导电浆料及其制备方法 |
CN103545015B (zh) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-08-24 | 深圳市首骋新材料科技有限公司 | 晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极导电浆料及其制备方法 |
CN103545017B (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏昱星新材料科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池正面电极用导电浆料及其制备方法 |
CN104575661B (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-09-12 | 硕禾电子材料股份有限公司 | 一种导电浆及其制造方法 |
CN103606393B (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2016-01-06 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种太阳能电池背银导电银浆组合物及制备方法 |
KR101593754B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-12 | 2016-02-12 | 제일모직주식회사 | 유리 프릿, 이를 포함하는 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101659131B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-12 | 2016-09-22 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
JP6114389B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-20 | 2017-04-12 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 導電性組成物の製造方法 |
US9240515B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2016-01-19 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of manufacturing a solar cell |
CN103617843A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏瑞德新能源科技有限公司 | 一种背银浆料的生产方法 |
US9793025B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2017-10-17 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
JP6242198B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-10 | 2017-12-06 | 京都エレックス株式会社 | 半導体デバイスの導電膜形成用導電性ペースト、および半導体デバイス、並びに半導体デバイスの製造方法 |
US9039937B1 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-05-26 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Composition for solar cell electrodes and electrode fabricated using the same |
KR101780531B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-09-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR20150072994A (ko) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-30 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
JP5903424B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物およびその製造方法 |
CN104751935A (zh) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 湖南利德电子浆料有限公司 | 一种高方阻高效太阳能电池正面银浆及制备方法 |
CN104751939B (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2017-05-31 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种晶体硅太阳能电池用铝导电浆料 |
KR101696968B1 (ko) * | 2014-01-09 | 2017-01-16 | 제일모직주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
US20150206992A1 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Lead-tellurium inorganic reaction systems |
JP2015187063A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-10-29 | ヘレウス プレシャス メタルズ ノース アメリカ コンショホーケン エルエルシー | 導電性ペースト組成物のための鉛−ビスマス−テルル無機反応系 |
JP6046753B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2016-12-21 | ヘレウス プレシャス メタルズ ノース アメリカ コンショホーケン エルエルシー | 改良された接着特性を有する鉛−ビスマス−テルル−ケイ酸塩無機反応系 |
KR20150089939A (ko) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-05 | 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 | 유리 조성물 및 이를 이용한 태양전지용 전극 조성물 |
US20150240099A1 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-27 | Xerox Corporation | Silver flake conductive paste ink with nickel particles |
EP2913139B1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2019-04-03 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken LLC | A glass comprising molybdenum and lead in a solar cell paste |
EP2913312A1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-02 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken LLC | Silver-lead-silicate glass for electroconductive paste composition |
ES2694125T3 (es) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-12-18 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Un vidrio que comprende wolframio y plomo en una pasta de célula solar |
US9761348B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2017-09-12 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste used for solar cell electrodes |
CN103854721B (zh) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-04-13 | 中希集团有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池正面金属化银浆及其制备方法 |
CN103951262B (zh) * | 2014-04-15 | 2017-01-25 | 江苏欧耐尔新型材料有限公司 | 太阳能电池正电极用含铅碲铋玻璃浆及其制备和应用方法 |
GB201407418D0 (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-06-11 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Conductive paste, electrode and solar cell |
US9209323B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2015-12-08 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste used for solar cell electrodes and method of manufacturing the solar cell electrodes |
CN105097067B (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2017-11-14 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 用于形成太阳电池电极的组合物及使用其制备的电极 |
US9349883B2 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-05-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductor for a solar cell |
CN104118992A (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-29 | 江苏欧耐尔新型材料有限公司 | 用于太阳能高方阻浆料的玻璃粉及其制备方法 |
CN104150775A (zh) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-11-19 | 东华大学 | 一种用于光伏电池导电浆料的低熔点碲系玻璃及制备方法 |
CN104193166B (zh) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-08-24 | 广东风华高新科技股份有限公司 | 玻璃料及其制备方法 |
KR102219804B1 (ko) | 2014-11-04 | 2021-02-24 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 태양 전지 및 그의 제조 방법 |
KR20160057583A (ko) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
JP5816738B1 (ja) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 導電性組成物 |
JP5856277B1 (ja) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-02-09 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 太陽電池電極用ペーストおよび太陽電池セル |
JP6219913B2 (ja) | 2014-11-28 | 2017-10-25 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
TWI521546B (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-02-11 | 碩禾電子材料股份有限公司 | 一種含無鉛玻璃熔塊之導電漿(三) |
TWI521545B (zh) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-02-11 | 碩禾電子材料股份有限公司 | 一種含無鉛玻璃熔塊之導電漿(二) |
CN104455923B (zh) * | 2014-12-13 | 2016-10-05 | 常熟市华懋化工设备有限公司 | 搪玻璃管件 |
JP2016115873A (ja) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | 京都エレックス株式会社 | 太陽電池電極形成用導電性ペースト、並びに、これを用いた太陽電池素子および太陽電池モジュール |
CN104464890A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 常熟联茂电子科技有限公司 | 一种厚膜电路电阻浆料 |
CN104464884A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 常熟联茂电子科技有限公司 | 一种有机功率电阻浆料 |
KR20160082468A (ko) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-08 | 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈즈 노스 아메리카 콘쇼호켄 엘엘씨 | 전기전도성 페이스트 조성물용 유리 조성물 |
DE112016000610B4 (de) | 2015-02-04 | 2022-12-08 | Solar Paste, Llc | Elektrisch leitfähige Pastenzusammensetzung, Verwendung dieser in einem Verfahren zur Bildung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Struktur, sowie Gegenstand, Photovoltaikzelle und Halbleitersubstrat, umfassend die Pastenzusammensetzung |
CN104692668B (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-04-12 | 西北大学 | 一种太阳能电池正面电极浆料用快速结晶型玻璃粉 |
TWI532062B (zh) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-05-01 | Giga Solar Materials Corp | Conductive pulp and a method of manufacturing the same |
JP2016213284A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-12-15 | 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 | Perc型太陽電池用アルミニウムペースト組成物 |
WO2016193209A1 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Basf Se | Conductive paste and process for forming an electrode on a p-type emitter on an n-type base semiconductor substrate |
JP6580383B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 | 2019-09-25 | ナミックス株式会社 | 導電性ペースト、太陽電池及び太陽電池の製造方法 |
KR102272433B1 (ko) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-07-05 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 태양 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP5990315B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-09-14 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 導電性組成物 |
KR102507404B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-25 | 2023-03-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 태양전지 전극용 결정질 분말, 이의 페이스트 조성물과 태양전지 |
KR101693840B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-01-09 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 태양전지 전면전극용 페이스트 조성물 및 이를 이용한 태양전지 |
KR101940170B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-22 | 2019-01-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극과 태양전지 |
US10696851B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2020-06-30 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Print-on pastes for modifying material properties of metal particle layers |
CN105632589A (zh) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州开元民生科技股份有限公司 | 一种高储热晶硅太阳能背电极银浆及其制备方法 |
US20170291846A1 (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | Halogenide containing glasses in metallization pastes for silicon solar cells |
DE102017003604A1 (de) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Leitfähige Pastenzusammensetzung und damit angefertigte Halbleitervorrichtungen |
US10134925B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2018-11-20 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
CN109564904B (zh) | 2016-08-03 | 2023-01-20 | 福禄公司 | 用于半导体器件的钝化玻璃 |
CN109074895B (zh) * | 2016-08-16 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江凯盈新材料有限公司 | 用于硅太阳能电池中正面金属化的厚膜浆料 |
US11464954B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2022-10-11 | Cytrellis Biosystems, Inc. | Devices and methods for cosmetic skin resurfacing |
US10741300B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2020-08-11 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
US10593439B2 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2020-03-17 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
KR20180046808A (ko) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-09 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 태양전지 전극 형성용 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 전극 |
KR101853417B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-05-02 | 엘에스니꼬동제련 주식회사 | 태양전지 전극용 도전성 페이스트 조성물 및 이를 사용하여 제조된 전극을 포함하는 태양전지 |
MY189222A (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2022-01-31 | Zhejiang Kaiying New Mat Co Ltd | Siloxane-containing solar cell metallization pastes |
WO2018112742A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. | Interdigitated back contact metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cell with printed oxide tunnel junctions |
CN110291595A (zh) | 2017-02-15 | 2019-09-27 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 玻璃料、导电浆料和导电浆料的用途 |
US10115505B2 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-10-30 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chip resistor |
US9847437B1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2017-12-19 | Jiun Pyng You | Method of forming conductive electrode grids over silicon wafer surfaces |
KR102290565B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-28 | 2021-08-18 | 한국전자기술연구원 | 적층구조체 및 그의 제조방법 |
TWI638793B (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-10-21 | 碩禾電子材料股份有限公司 | 用於太陽能電池的導電漿、太陽能電池及其製造方法以及太陽能電池模組 |
CN107274963B (zh) * | 2017-05-31 | 2019-05-24 | 深圳磐汩新能源有限公司 | 硅太阳能电池正面导电银浆及其制备方法 |
KR101972384B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-08-19 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 태양전지 전면전극용 페이스트 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
US10040717B1 (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-08-07 | Jiangxi Jiayin Science and Technology, Ltd. | Thick-film paste with multiple discrete frits and methods for contacting crystalline silicon solar cell emitter surfaces |
CN107759092B (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江光达电子科技有限公司 | 一种用于背钝化晶体硅太阳能电池背面银浆的无铅玻璃粉及其制备方法 |
CN111183491B (zh) * | 2017-10-03 | 2021-08-31 | 昭荣化学工业株式会社 | 太阳能电池电极形成用导电性糊剂 |
CN107746184B (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-11-24 | 苏州晶银新材料股份有限公司 | 一种玻璃粉组合物及含有其的导电银浆和制备方法 |
CN107759093B (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2020-05-22 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 一种高方阻浅结晶硅太阳能电池用玻璃料及其制备方法和浆料 |
CN107812527B (zh) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-08-07 | 南京大学(苏州)高新技术研究院 | 一种粉末催化材料、含石墨相氮化碳复合纳米催化材料的制备及应用 |
CN110603648B (zh) | 2018-03-30 | 2022-06-17 | 深圳市首骋新材料科技有限公司 | 晶硅太阳能电池正面导电浆料及其制备方法和太阳能电池 |
CN112041994B (zh) | 2018-03-30 | 2022-06-21 | 深圳市首骋新材料科技有限公司 | 晶硅太阳能电池正面导电浆料及其制备方法和太阳能电池 |
FR3080708B1 (fr) * | 2018-04-27 | 2020-04-24 | Silec Cable | Isolateur pour une extremite de cable |
JP2019214494A (ja) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | ガラス、ガラスペースト、及びガラスの製造方法 |
CN110808304A (zh) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-02-18 | 张伟 | 一种带有图案的光伏组件及其制备方法 |
US11152640B2 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2021-10-19 | University Of Maryland | Lithium bismuth oxide compounds as Li super-ionic conductor, solid electrolyte, and coating layer for Li metal battery and Li-ion battery |
KR102316662B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-10-25 | 창저우 퓨전 뉴 머티리얼 씨오. 엘티디. | 태양전지 전극 형성 방법, 이로부터 제조된 태양전지 전극 및 태양전지 |
CN109336594B (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-10-01 | 贵州振华电子信息产业技术研究有限公司 | 低电容变化率压电陶瓷元件、压电陶瓷及其制作方法 |
CN111302620A (zh) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 苏州晶银新材料股份有限公司 | 一种玻璃粉组合物及含有其的导电银浆和太阳能电池 |
CN111302636A (zh) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 苏州晶银新材料股份有限公司 | 一种玻璃粉组合物及含有其的导电银浆和太阳能电池 |
CN111354503A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-30 | 东泰高科装备科技有限公司 | 一种柔性薄膜太阳能电池组件用导电银浆及其制备方法 |
TWI697015B (zh) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-06-21 | 南韓商大州電子材料股份有限公司 | 太陽能電池前電極用糊劑組合物及其製備方法 |
CN110015851A (zh) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-16 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | 一种用于制备太阳能电池银浆的玻璃粉及其应用 |
CN110002758A (zh) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-12 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | 用于太阳能电池银浆的玻璃粉、银浆及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109970347A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-05 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种提高锂离子电池性能的TeO2-V2O5-CuO微晶玻璃负极材料 |
CN110092577B (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2022-03-22 | 张学新 | 一种高硼硅红色玻璃管的制备方法 |
US10622502B1 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2020-04-14 | Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. | Solar cell edge interconnects |
US10749045B1 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2020-08-18 | Zhejiang Kaiying New Materials Co., Ltd. | Solar cell side surface interconnects |
WO2020238367A1 (zh) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 一种导电性浆料及由其制备的太阳能电池及制造方法 |
CN110342827A (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-18 | 浙江中希电子科技有限公司 | 一种低温改性玻璃粉及其在正面双层钝化Perc电池中的应用 |
CN110305523A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-08 | 黄山市晶特美新材料有限公司 | 一种丝印抗冲击玻璃油墨及其制备方法 |
CN110451805B (zh) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-11-26 | 成都光明光电有限责任公司 | 封接玻璃 |
CN110467448B (zh) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-12-07 | 安徽建筑大学 | 一种适于流延成型的纳米ntc陶瓷粉体及流延膜的制备方法 |
KR102238252B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-04-09 | 주식회사 베이스 | 글라스 프릿 및 이를 포함하는 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 조성물 |
KR102283727B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-08-02 | 박태호 | 글라스 프릿 및 이를 포함하는 태양전지 전극용 페이스트 조성물 |
CN111768892B (zh) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-12-21 | 西安宏星电子浆料科技股份有限公司 | 一种氮化铝基体用耐酸可电镀型导体浆料 |
CN111848165B (zh) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳见炬科技有限公司 | 一种p型碲化铋热电材料及其制备方法 |
CN112028487A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-04 | 广东四通集团股份有限公司 | 一种耐磨釉面日用瓷器釉料的制备方法 |
CN112635593B (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-05-24 | 东北电力大学 | 一种全锑基薄膜太阳电池及其制备方法 |
CN113072303A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-06 | 浙江奕成科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池导电银浆用玻璃粉形貌改变方法 |
CN112992401B (zh) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-09-03 | 西安宏星电子浆料科技股份有限公司 | 一种可无损调阻的电阻浆料 |
KR102680599B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-07-02 | 주식회사 휘닉스에이엠 | 태양 전지 전극 형성용 유리 프릿 조성물, 이를 사용하여 형성된 태양 전지용 전극, 및 상기 전극을 포함하는 태양 전지 |
CN114133231A (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-04 | 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 | 镍锌铁氧体材料及其制造方法 |
CN114283963B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-05-26 | 江苏索特电子材料有限公司 | 导电浆料组合物及其制备方法和应用、晶硅太阳能电池 |
CN114409248B (zh) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-04-07 | 江苏日御光伏新材料科技有限公司 | 一种低热损的碲-锂-硅-锆体系玻璃料及其导电浆料与应用 |
KR102693714B1 (ko) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-08-09 | 주식회사 휘닉스에이엠 | 태양 전지 전극 형성용 유리 프릿 조성물, 이를 사용하여 형성된 태양 전지용 전극, 및 상기 전극을 포함하는 태양 전지 |
CN115504769B (zh) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-11-03 | 无锡市高宇晟新材料科技有限公司 | 微波介质陶瓷材料及其制备方法、应用 |
CN116741431B (zh) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-14 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 一种适配N型TOPCon电池背面薄Poly层的细栅银浆及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992000925A1 (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-01-23 | Cookson Group Plc | Glass compositions |
CN1060280A (zh) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-04-15 | 乔森·马塞有限公司 | 封接玻璃组分以及含有该组分的导电性配方 |
CN101379620A (zh) * | 2004-11-12 | 2009-03-04 | 费罗公司 | 制造太阳能电池接触层的方法 |
Family Cites Families (90)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB736073A (en) * | 1955-01-26 | 1955-08-31 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in glass compositions |
JPS5480596A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1979-06-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Varistor |
US4293451A (en) | 1978-06-08 | 1981-10-06 | Bernd Ross | Screenable contact structure and method for semiconductor devices |
US4401767A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-08-30 | Johnson Matthey Inc. | Silver-filled glass |
JPS5933869A (ja) | 1982-08-20 | 1984-02-23 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体装置用電極材料 |
JPS60140880A (ja) | 1983-12-28 | 1985-07-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 太陽電池の製造方法 |
JPS6236040A (ja) | 1985-08-08 | 1987-02-17 | Iwaki Glass Kk | 低融点封着用硝子 |
JPH01138150A (ja) | 1987-11-25 | 1989-05-31 | Ohara Inc | 低融性ガラス |
US4945071A (en) | 1989-04-19 | 1990-07-31 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Company | Low softening point metallic oxide glasses suitable for use in electronic applications |
JPH03218943A (ja) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-09-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 封着ガラス |
US5245492A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1993-09-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Magnetic head |
US5013697A (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1991-05-07 | Johnson Matthey Inc. | Sealing glass compositions |
US5066621A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1991-11-19 | Johnson Matthey Inc. | Sealing glass composition and electrically conductive formulation containing same |
US5118362A (en) | 1990-09-24 | 1992-06-02 | Mobil Solar Energy Corporation | Electrical contacts and methods of manufacturing same |
JPH0762557B2 (ja) | 1991-07-02 | 1995-07-05 | 株式会社ノーリツ | 空気調和機の据付装置 |
US5240884A (en) | 1991-09-05 | 1993-08-31 | Johnson Matthey, Inc. | Silver-glass die attach paste |
JP3148303B2 (ja) | 1991-10-18 | 2001-03-19 | 株式会社住田光学ガラス | 耐熱耐真空用光学繊維束の製造方法 |
US5188990A (en) | 1991-11-21 | 1993-02-23 | Vlsi Packaging Materials | Low temperature sealing glass compositions |
JPH05175254A (ja) | 1991-12-20 | 1993-07-13 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 低融点接着組成物 |
US5594406A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1997-01-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Zinc oxide varistor and process for the production thereof |
JPH05259201A (ja) * | 1992-03-11 | 1993-10-08 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
US5334558A (en) | 1992-10-19 | 1994-08-02 | Diemat, Inc. | Low temperature glass with improved thermal stress properties and method of use |
US5663109A (en) | 1992-10-19 | 1997-09-02 | Quantum Materials, Inc. | Low temperature glass paste with high metal to glass ratio |
US5336644A (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1994-08-09 | Johnson Matthey Inc. | Sealing glass compositions |
JPH0897011A (ja) | 1994-09-26 | 1996-04-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 酸化亜鉛バリスタ用電極材料 |
JP3541070B2 (ja) | 1994-11-15 | 2004-07-07 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 自動車ガラスの厚膜導電体ペースト |
JP3624482B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-22 | 2005-03-02 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 導電性ペーストおよびそれを用いた蛍光表示管 |
US5820639A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-10-13 | Bolder Technologies Corporation | Method of manufacturing lead acid cell paste having tin compounds |
JPH10340621A (ja) | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-22 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 導体ペースト |
JP3740251B2 (ja) | 1997-06-09 | 2006-02-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 |
CA2374611A1 (en) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-12-21 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Process for the synthesis of 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)ethan-1-one |
JP2001284754A (ja) | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-12 | Kyocera Corp | ガラスセラミック回路基板 |
JP2001313400A (ja) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-09 | Kyocera Corp | 太陽電池素子の形成方法 |
JP4487596B2 (ja) | 2004-02-27 | 2010-06-23 | Tdk株式会社 | 積層セラミック電子部品用の積層体ユニットの製造方法 |
JP4846219B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2011-12-28 | シャープ株式会社 | 結晶シリコン太陽電池の製造方法 |
US7435361B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2008-10-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions and processes for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US7556748B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2009-07-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of manufacture of semiconductor device and conductive compositions used therein |
US7494607B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2009-02-24 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electroconductive thick film composition(s), electrode(s), and semiconductor device(s) formed therefrom |
US7462304B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 | 2008-12-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions used in the manufacture of semiconductor device |
US8093491B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2012-01-10 | Ferro Corporation | Lead free solar cell contacts |
US7771623B2 (en) | 2005-06-07 | 2010-08-10 | E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Dupont (UK) Limited | Aluminum thick film composition(s), electrode(s), semiconductor device(s) and methods of making thereof |
KR100685845B1 (ko) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-02-22 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 유기전계 발광표시장치 및 그 제조방법 |
ES2344027T3 (es) | 2006-03-10 | 2010-08-16 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Compuesto de isoxazolina sustituido y agente de control de plagas. |
US20090095344A1 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2009-04-16 | Tomohiro Machida | Conductive Paste for Solar Cell Electrode |
US7783195B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2010-08-24 | Scientific-Atlanta, Llc | Format converter with smart multitap with digital forward and reverse |
JP4918182B2 (ja) | 2006-09-26 | 2012-04-18 | Hoya株式会社 | ガラス成形体の製造方法及び製造装置、並びに光学素子の製造方法 |
CN101164943A (zh) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-23 | 北京印刷学院 | 一种用作电子浆料组成中粘接相的无铅碲酸盐低熔玻璃 |
CN100408256C (zh) | 2006-11-26 | 2008-08-06 | 常熟市华银焊料有限公司 | 一种含镓、铟、镍和铈的无镉银钎料 |
WO2008078771A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-03 | Kyocera Corporation | 太陽電池素子及び太陽電池素子の製造方法 |
KR100787463B1 (ko) | 2007-01-05 | 2007-12-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 글래스 프릿, 실링재 형성용 조성물, 발광 장치 및 발광 장치의 제조방법 |
JP5220335B2 (ja) | 2007-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Soi基板の製造方法 |
US7731868B2 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2010-06-08 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film conductive composition and process for use in the manufacture of semiconductor device |
KR101623597B1 (ko) * | 2007-04-25 | 2016-05-23 | 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈즈 노스 아메리카 콘쇼호켄 엘엘씨 | 은과 니켈 또는 은과 니켈 합금을 포함하는 후막 컨덕터 조성물 및 이로부터 제조된 태양 전지 |
JP5272373B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 | 2013-08-28 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 多結晶Si太陽電池 |
JP2009099871A (ja) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-05-07 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | リードフレーム及びその製造方法並びに樹脂封止型半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
WO2009052356A2 (en) | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions and processes for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US7736546B2 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2010-06-15 | Basf Se | Glass frits |
JP5525714B2 (ja) | 2008-02-08 | 2014-06-18 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | ガラス組成物 |
WO2009126671A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions and processes for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US7608206B1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-27 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Non-lead resistor composition |
US8158504B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2012-04-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions and processes for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices—organic medium components |
WO2010016186A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-11 | 京都エレックス株式会社 | 太陽電池素子の電極形成用導電性ペースト及び太陽電池素子並びにその太陽電池素子の製造方法 |
JP5414409B2 (ja) | 2009-01-16 | 2014-02-12 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | 低融点ガラス組成物、それを用いた低温封着材料及び電子部品 |
CN102318013B (zh) | 2009-03-27 | 2014-12-03 | 株式会社日立制作所 | 导电性浆料及具备使用其的电极配线的电子部件 |
TWI391362B (zh) | 2009-03-27 | 2013-04-01 | Hitachi Powdered Metals | A glass composition and a conductive mortar composition using the same, an electrode wire member, and an electronic component |
JP5567785B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2014-08-06 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 導電性組成物及びそれを用いた太陽電池の製造方法 |
JP2010251645A (ja) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-04 | Namics Corp | 太陽電池及びその電極形成用導電性ペースト |
WO2010123967A2 (en) | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Glass compositions used in conductors for photovoltaic cells |
US7910393B2 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2011-03-22 | Innovalight, Inc. | Methods for forming a dual-doped emitter on a silicon substrate with a sub-critical shear thinning nanoparticle fluid |
JP2011018425A (ja) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-27 | Showa Denko Kk | 磁気記録媒体の製造方法及び磁気記録再生装置 |
JP5559510B2 (ja) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-07-23 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | 太陽電池素子及びその製造方法 |
JP5559509B2 (ja) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-07-23 | 昭栄化学工業株式会社 | 太陽電池電極形成用導電性ペースト |
EP2534695A2 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2012-12-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the production of a mwt silicon solar cell |
WO2011140197A1 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-11-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick-film pastes containing lead- and tellurium-oxides, and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
JP6110311B2 (ja) | 2011-01-18 | 2017-04-05 | ヘレウス プレシャス メタルズ ノース アメリカ コンショホーケン エルエルシー | 導電性ペースト組成物ならびにそれらから形成される太陽電池電極および接点 |
US20130049148A1 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2013-02-28 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
JP5048142B2 (ja) | 2011-03-04 | 2012-10-17 | 日本電産コパル株式会社 | カメラ装置 |
WO2012129554A2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
US8512463B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2013-08-20 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film paste containing bismuth-tellurium-oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US8696948B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2014-04-15 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film paste containing lead—tellurium—lithium—titanium—oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US8771554B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2014-07-08 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film silver paste containing Al2O3 and lead-tellurium—oxide and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US9023254B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2015-05-05 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick film silver paste and its use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US20130186463A1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2013-07-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive silver paste for a metal-wrap-through silicon solar cell |
CN102496404B (zh) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-10-30 | 华东理工大学 | 一种高效晶硅太阳电池用电极银浆 |
US9087937B2 (en) | 2012-05-10 | 2015-07-21 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Glass composition and its use in conductive silver paste |
US8969709B2 (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2015-03-03 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Use of a conductive composition containing lead—tellurium-based oxide in the manufacture of semiconductor devices with lightly doped emitters |
JP5756447B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 | 2015-07-29 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 太陽電池用導電性ペースト組成物 |
JP2015216355A (ja) | 2014-04-23 | 2015-12-03 | 日東電工株式会社 | 波長変換部材およびその製造方法 |
CN104726085A (zh) | 2014-07-02 | 2015-06-24 | 济南大学 | 一种核壳结构量子点复合纳米晶荧光探针及制备方法 |
TWI745562B (zh) | 2017-04-18 | 2021-11-11 | 美商太陽帕斯特有限責任公司 | 導電糊料組成物及用其製成的半導體裝置 |
-
2011
- 2011-05-04 WO PCT/US2011/035154 patent/WO2011140197A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-04 EP EP11731537.4A patent/EP2566825B1/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020127031582A patent/KR20130016346A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020157032496A patent/KR20150133297A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-04 JP JP2013509209A patent/JP5711359B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-04 JP JP2013509214A patent/JP5782112B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-04 EP EP11731163.9A patent/EP2566824B1/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 EP EP16154516.5A patent/EP3070062A1/en active Pending
- 2011-05-04 TW TW100115703A patent/TWI564351B/zh active
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201180031184.2A patent/CN102947235B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-04 JP JP2013509212A patent/JP5480448B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-04 WO PCT/US2011/035167 patent/WO2011140205A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-04 WO PCT/US2011/035139 patent/WO2011140189A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020187010658A patent/KR102048388B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-04 ES ES11731163T patent/ES2570133T3/es active Active
- 2011-05-04 JP JP2013509210A patent/JP5746325B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-04 US US13/100,533 patent/US8497420B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 TW TW100115705A patent/TWI498308B/zh active
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201180032701.8A patent/CN102971268B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-04 US US13/100,563 patent/US8889980B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 EP EP11731162.1A patent/EP2566823B1/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201180032359.1A patent/CN102958861B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-04 US US13/100,540 patent/US8889979B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201710681515.6A patent/CN107424662B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201180031225.8A patent/CN103038186B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020127031580A patent/KR101569567B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201811172520.5A patent/CN109014180B/zh active Active
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020197034102A patent/KR102177050B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020127031579A patent/KR101569566B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-05-04 US US13/100,619 patent/US20110232747A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-05-04 TW TW100115704A patent/TWI611428B/zh active
- 2011-05-04 TW TW100115700A patent/TWI589649B/zh active
- 2011-05-04 WO PCT/US2011/035145 patent/WO2011140192A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-04 US US13/100,550 patent/US8895843B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 WO PCT/US2011/035131 patent/WO2011140185A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-05-04 EP EP11731539.0A patent/EP2566826B1/en active Active
- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020127031581A patent/KR101569568B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2013
- 2013-03-13 US US13/800,592 patent/US10069020B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-13 US US13/800,861 patent/US10559703B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-13 US US13/801,248 patent/US9722100B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-13 US US13/801,036 patent/US20130255769A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-25 HK HK13107433.5A patent/HK1180295A1/zh unknown
- 2013-07-09 HK HK13107991.9A patent/HK1180672A1/zh unknown
-
2017
- 2017-06-23 US US15/631,005 patent/US10468542B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-02-13 US US15/895,067 patent/US11043605B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-09-20 US US16/577,602 patent/US11158746B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1060280A (zh) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-04-15 | 乔森·马塞有限公司 | 封接玻璃组分以及含有该组分的导电性配方 |
WO1992000925A1 (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-01-23 | Cookson Group Plc | Glass compositions |
CN101379620A (zh) * | 2004-11-12 | 2009-03-04 | 费罗公司 | 制造太阳能电池接触层的方法 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10468542B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2019-11-05 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Thick-film pastes containing lead-tellurium-lithium-oxides, and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US10559703B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2020-02-11 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Thick-film pastes containing lead-tellurium-boron-oxides, and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US11043605B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2021-06-22 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thick-film pastes containing lead- and tellurium-oxides, and their use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US10658528B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2020-05-19 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Conductive paste composition and semiconductor devices made therewith |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI611428B (zh) | 含鉛-及碲-氧化物之厚膜膏及其用於製造半導體裝置之用途 | |
JP2014032946A (ja) | 鉛−バナジウムをベースとする酸化物を含有する厚膜ペースト、および半導体デバイスの製造におけるその使用 |