CN110291595A - 玻璃料、导电浆料和导电浆料的用途 - Google Patents
玻璃料、导电浆料和导电浆料的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110291595A CN110291595A CN201880011353.8A CN201880011353A CN110291595A CN 110291595 A CN110291595 A CN 110291595A CN 201880011353 A CN201880011353 A CN 201880011353A CN 110291595 A CN110291595 A CN 110291595A
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- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Te]=O LAJZODKXOMJMPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种玻璃料,其为包含氧化碲和氧化铋作为主要组分的第一玻璃料及包含氧化碲和氧化铅作为主要组分的第二玻璃料的混合物,其中第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料的混合物包含40‑55重量%的氧化碲,15‑25重量%的氧化铅和5‑15重量%的氧化铋。本发明还涉及一种用于在半导体衬底上形成电极的导电浆料,该浆料包含85‑92重量%的导电金属,1.5‑3.5重量%的玻璃料和有机介质。导电浆料用于在太阳能电池的半导体衬底上形成导电栅线。
Description
本发明涉及包含导电金属、玻璃料和有机介质的导电浆料。
导电油墨或浆料用于在硅太阳能电池或光伏电池的表面上形成电极,例如银栅线(gridline)和主栅线。光伏(“PV”)电池通过促进半导体价带中的带电载流子成为半导体导带而将太阳光转换成电。来自入射太阳光的光子与掺杂半导体材料的相互作用形成电子-空穴带电载流子。这些电子-空穴对带电载流子在由p-n半导体结产生的电场中迁移并被施加到半导体表面的电极收集,电流通过其流到外电路。
现代晶体硅太阳能电池通常涂覆有至少一个薄钝化层,以减少由硅晶片表面处的悬空键引起的电子-空穴复合。晶体太阳能电池通常还涂覆有抗反射涂层,以最大限度地减少反射光并促进光吸收。不幸的是,钝化层和抗反射涂层通常是电绝缘体,因此防止带电载流子(电子或空穴)从衬底转移到相应的电极。在施加导电浆料之前,太阳能电池通常被钝化层和/或抗反射涂层覆盖。导电浆料通常通过丝网印刷,胶版印刷,喷墨印刷,激光印刷或挤出而施加。上述钝化层可以是非晶的或晶体的。可以改变这些层的厚度和化学计量以调节性能。抗反射涂层通常包含氮化硅或氧化钛。这种抗反射涂层可以是非晶的的或晶体的。还可以改变这种涂层的厚度和化学计量以调节性能。这种抗反射涂层也可以部分氢化。非晶氢化氮化硅涂层也用作n型硅表面的钝化层。一些太阳能电池架构使用多个层来优化电池钝化和抗反射性能。这种“介电叠层(dielectric stack)”通常用于工业中,通常由在非常薄(<3nm)的AlOx、SiOx或SiC层上的a-SiyNx:H层组成。特别地,这种介电叠层通常用在p型硅表面的顶部,因为AlOx、SiOx和SiC提供这些类型的太阳能电池的优异钝化,而氮化硅则不然。
用于太阳能电池的电极最佳地提供低电阻,使得入射太阳光转换成可用电能的百分数最大化。转换成电的太阳光的量称为“效率”。电极的电阻率以及电极和硅晶片之间的接触电阻都对太阳能电池效率具有强烈影响。应尽量减小电阻率和接触电阻,以提高太阳能电池效率。
电极可以通过将不期望的污染物或缺陷引入硅中而降低太阳能电池的效率。这些缺陷是复合源并降低电池效率,从而减少电池可产生的电量。因此,通过使用不引入复合源的电极组合物改进电池的性能。
导电浆料用于形成电极,导电栅极或金属触点。例如US8,889,980中描述的导电浆料通常包含一种或多种玻璃料,导电物质如银颗粒和有机介质。在一些情况下,玻璃料可以是部分结晶的。为了形成电极,通过丝网印刷或其他适合的工艺将导电浆料以栅格线的图案或其他图案印刷到抗反射涂层上。然后烧结衬底,在此期间在栅格线和衬底之间进行电接触。通常,烧结在带式炉中在空气或含氧气氛中进行。通过调节烧结温度和时间可以优化这种电极浆料的性能。通常峰值烧结温度为600℃-950℃。通常,这种电池的烧结时间可在约30秒至几分钟之间变化。
如前所述,抗反射涂层增强了光吸收,但也起到了阻止带电载流子从衬底流到电极的绝缘体的作用。因此,在烧结周期期间,导电浆料应蚀刻至少部分抗反射涂层和任何钝化层的一部分,以形成具有低接触电阻的电极。为此,导电浆料包含至少一种玻璃料。玻璃料具有多种功能。首先,玻璃料有助于烧结金属颗粒,从而改进电极的导电性并使焊料连接成为可能。其次,玻璃料与抗反射涂层和钝化层相互作用,以减小形成的金属电极和衬底之间的接触电阻。第三,玻璃提供发展金属胶体的介质,其可以进一步增强带电载流子的收集。第四,玻璃提供对基底的粘附。第五,玻璃为电极提供一些额外的化学耐久性,例如防潮性。从US 7,736,546中已知,特别是含TeO2的玻璃料可有效地用于制造在硅太阳能电池上的电极的浆料。
在烧结过程中,玻璃料液化,并倾向于在电极浆料的开放微结构内流动,将银颗粒和抗反射涂层涂覆在衬底上。认为熔融玻璃溶解和/或氧化至少部分抗反射涂层和任何钝化层以及浆料中包含的一些金属颗粒。随着烧结过程进入冷却阶段,溶解的金属银、离子银或银氧化物可以在硅表面重结晶成金属银。结果,这些银晶体中的一些能够穿透抗反射层并与衬底形成低接触电阻电极。这使得衬底和浆料的烧结金属体之间至少有一些直接接触。如果衬底附近的界面玻璃层足够薄和/或含有金属胶体,则认为可以提高电极和衬底之间的接触电阻。该过程被称为“烧穿”并且促进低电阻率,低接触电阻接触,导电栅极或金属接触与衬底之间的强键合。
然而,所有导电浆料的缺点在于,由于高烧结温度,可能发生晶片翘曲,并且进一步的是,允许较低烧结温度的玻璃料显示出抗反射和钝化层的较差的渗透性能,导致太阳能电池的较低效率。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种玻璃料,用于在半导体衬底上形成电极的导电浆料和允许较低烧结温度并显示出抗反射和钝化层的良好渗透性能的导电浆料。
该目的通过玻璃料实现,所述玻璃料是包含氧化碲和氧化铋作为主要组分的第一玻璃料及包含氧化碲和氧化铅作为主要组分的第二玻璃料的混合物,其中第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料的混合物包含40至55重量%的氧化碲,15至25重量%的氧化铅和5至15重量%的氧化铋。
该目的通过用于在半导体衬底上形成电极的导电浆料进一步实现,该浆料包含:
(a)85至92重量%的导电颗粒,
(b)1.5-3.5重量%的玻璃料,是包含氧化碲和氧化铋作为主要组分的第一玻璃料及包含氧化碲和氧化铅作为主要组分的第二玻璃料的混合物,其中第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料的混合物包含40至55重量%的氧化碲,15至25重量%的氧化铅和5至15重量%的氧化铋,
(c)和有机介质。
令人惊讶的是,显示在浆料中使用由第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料的混合物组成的玻璃料用于在半导体衬底上生产电极允许在较低温度下烧结而不损失效率,其中第一玻璃料是包含氧化碲和氧化铋作为主要组分的玻璃料,第二玻璃料是包含氧化碲和氧化铅的玻璃料。这是特别令人惊讶的,因为混合物中降低熔点的氧化铅的量远小于用于已知浆料中的玻璃料中的氧化铅的量。
在混合物中,第一玻璃料是粘合促进剂并且用作烧结助剂。另一方面,第二玻璃料具有良好的电阻、较低的烧结温度和宽的烧结窗口。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,第一玻璃料包含40-70重量%的TeO2和0.1至15重量%的Bi2O3。在优选的实施方案中,第一玻璃料包含50-70重量%的TeO2和5-15重量%的Bi2O3。特别优选地,第一玻璃料包含60-70重量%的TeO2和5-10重量%的Bi2O3。
除了TeO2和Bi2O3之外,第一玻璃料优选包含至少一种另外的氧化化合物。所述至少一种另外的氧化化合物例如选自0.1-15重量%的SiO2,0.1-15重量%的ZnO,0.1-15重量%的WO3和0-10重量%的Li2O。进一步优选的是,第一玻璃料包含5-15重量%的SiO2,5-15重量%的ZnO,5-15重量%的WO3和0-5重量%的Li2O,特别优选第一玻璃料包含5-10重量%的SiO2,5-10重量%的ZnO,5-10重量%的WO3和0-4重量%的Li2O。在特别优选的实施方案中,第一玻璃料包含所有上述氧化化合物SiO2,ZnO,WO3和Li2O。
在另一个实施方案中,第一玻璃料另外包含Cs2O3,MgO,V2O5,ZrO2,Mn2O3,Ag2O,In2O3,SnO2,NiO,Cr2O3,B2O3,Na2O,Al2O3和CaO中的一种或多种,各自的量为0-10重量%,优选0-5重量%,特别优选0.01-1重量%。
第二玻璃料优选包含40-70重量%的TeO2和5-30重量%的PbO。进一步优选地,第二玻璃料包含40-60重量%的TeO2和15-30重量%的PbO。特别优选地,第一玻璃料包含45-55重量%的TeO2和20-30重量%的PbO。
除了TeO2和PbO之外,第二玻璃料可以包含其他氧化化合物。该其他氧化化合物例如为0.1-15重量%的Bi2O3,0.1-15重量%的SiO2,0.1-10重量%的ZnO,0.1-10重量%的WO3和0.1-10重量%的Li2O。进一步优选第二玻璃料包含5-15重量%的Bi2O3,5-15重量%的SiO2,0.1-5重量%的ZnO,0.1-5重量%的WO3和0.1-5重量%%的Li2O,特别优选第一玻璃料包含10-15重量%的Bi2O3,5-10重量%的SiO2,0.1-3重量%的ZnO,0.1-3重量%的WO3和0.1-3重量%的Li2O。
在另一个实施方案中,第二玻璃料另外包含Cs2O3,MgO,V2O5,ZrO2,Mn2O3,Ag2O,In2O3,SnO2,NiO,Cr2O3,B2O3,Na2O,Al2O3和CaO中的一种或多种,各自的量为0-10重量%,优选0-5重量%,特别优选0.01-1重量%。
玻璃料特别可用于制备导电浆料。这种浆料例如用于在半导体衬底上印刷电极或栅线以生产太阳能电池。通常,这种浆料通过丝网印刷工艺印刷到半导体衬底上。除了丝网印刷之外,可以使用技术人员已知的任何其他印刷方法,如喷墨印刷,胶版印刷,激光印刷和挤出。然而,优选通过丝网印刷印刷电极或栅线。
在印刷电极或栅线之后,烧结其上印有电极和/或栅线的半导体衬底。在烧结过程中,玻璃料熔融,特别是当浆料用于在半导体上印刷电极或栅线以制造太阳能电池时,熔融玻璃料溶解抗反射涂层和钝化层,从而允许形成与半导体衬底的低接触电阻电极。当使用如上所述的本发明玻璃料时,与现有技术中已知的导电浆料相比,可以在较低的温度下进行烧结步骤。特别地,可以在低于920℃的温度下,特别是在850和910℃之间的温度下进行烧结步骤。
为了获得导电栅线或电极,导电浆料包含导电颗粒。在烧结过程中,通过导电颗粒的接触实现导电颗粒烧结和电导性。
存在于导电浆料中的导电颗粒可以是由任何导电材料组成的任何几何形状的颗粒。优选地,导电颗粒包括碳,银,金,铝,铂,钯,锡,镍,镉,镓,铟,铜,锌,铁,铋,钴,锰,钼,铬,钒,钛,钨或其混合物或合金,或者是其核-壳结构的形式。由于良好的导电性,优选作为导电颗粒的材料是银或铝,特别是银。
如果导电颗粒是银颗粒,则还可以加入一些银,以氧化银(Ag2O),以银盐如氯化银(AgCl)、氟化银(AgF)、硝酸银(AgNO3)、乙酸银(AgC2H3O2)或碳酸银(Ag2CO3)。含银共振物或含银金属有机化合物也可有效地引入糊状物中。
导电颗粒的平均粒度优选为10nm-100μm。更优选地,平均粒度为100nm-50μm,特别优选平均粒度为500nm-10μm。导电颗粒可具有本领域技术人员已知的任何所需形式。例如,颗粒可以是薄片,棒,线,结节,球体或其任何混合物的形式。在本发明的上下文中,球形颗粒还包含实际形式偏离理想球形的颗粒。例如,作为生产的结果,球形颗粒也可具有液滴形状或被截断。可用于制备导电浆料的合适颗粒是本领域技术人员已知的并且是可商购的。特别优选使用球形银颗粒。与不规则形状的颗粒相比,球形颗粒的优点是其改进的流变行为。
组合物中导电颗粒的比例为30-97重量%。该比例优选为70-95重量%,特别优选为85-92重量%。固体颗粒的重量百分数通常指的是固体含量。
颗粒形状和尺寸不会改变本发明的性质。颗粒可以作为不同形状和尺寸的混合物使用。本领域技术人员已知,具有不同形状或尺寸的混合物的颗粒当分散在相同的有机介质中时可导致较高或较低的粘度。在这种情况下,本领域技术人员已知需要相应地调节有机介质。该调节可以是但不限于改变固体含量,溶剂含量,聚合物含量,触变剂含量和/或表面活性剂含量。例如,通常当使用纳米尺寸的颗粒代替微米尺寸的颗粒时,必须降低固体含量以避免浆料粘度的增加,这导致更高含量的有机组分。
导电颗粒,特别是当由金属制成时,通常在生产过程中涂覆有有机添加剂。在制备用于印刷导电轨迹(conductor track)的组合物的过程中,通常不除去表面上的有机添加剂,使得它们也存在于导电浆料中。基于颗粒的质量,用于稳定化的添加剂的比例通常不超过10重量%。用于涂覆导电颗粒的添加剂可以是例如脂肪胺或脂肪酰胺,例如十二烷基胺。适用于稳定颗粒的其他添加剂是例如辛胺,癸胺和聚乙烯亚胺。另一个实施方案可以是脂肪酸,脂肪酸酯,有或没有环氧化,例如月桂酸,棕榈酸,油酸,硬脂酸或其盐。颗粒上的涂层不会改变本发明的性质。
根据本发明,浆料还包含有机介质。有机介质通常选自溶剂,粘合剂,分散剂,触变剂及其混合物。
为了获得浆料,至少部分有机介质必须是液体。例如,合适的液体包括有机溶剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,有机溶剂包含一种或多种选自具有至少一个氧原子的液体有机组分的有机溶剂。具有至少一个氧原子的液体有机组分选自醇,酯醇,二醇,二醇醚,酮,脂肪酸酯或萜烯衍生物。其他合适的液体有机组分是乙酸酯,丙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸酯。
液体有机组分例如可以是苯甲醇,十二碳醇酯(texanol),乳酸乙酯,二甘醇单乙基乙酸酯,二甘醇单丁醚,二甘醇二丁醚,二甘醇单丁醚乙酸酯,丁基溶纤剂,丁基溶纤剂乙酸酯,丙二醇单甲醚,丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯,二丙二醇单甲醚,丙二醇单甲基丙酸酯,乙基醚丙酸酯,二甲氨基甲醛,甲乙酮,γ-丁内酯,亚油酸乙酯,亚麻酸乙酯,肉豆蔻酸乙酯,油酸乙酯,肉豆蔻酸甲酯,亚油酸甲酯,亚麻酸甲酯,油酸甲酯,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,萜品醇,异丙醇,十三烷醇和2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单异丁酸酯,二丁基卡必醇或萜烯如松油。
作为具有至少一个氧原子的液体有机组分的溶剂可以作为单一溶剂或作为溶剂混合物用于导电浆料中。
还可以使用也含有挥发性液体的溶剂,以在施加到衬底上后促进快速凝固。
除溶剂外,有机介质可包含有机粘合剂。有机粘合剂用于在烧结之前将导电浆料粘附在半导体衬底上。在烧结过程中,所有有机化合物由于高温而蒸发,在烧结过程中形成的电极和/或栅线的粘附通过玻璃料实现。
有机粘合剂的量可以为0.1-10重量%。有机粘合剂可选自天然或合成树脂和聚合物。如本领域技术人员已知的,选择基于但不限于溶剂相容性和化学稳定性。例如,现有技术中公开的普通粘合剂包括纤维素衍生物,丙烯酸树脂,酚醛树脂,脲醛树脂,醇酸树脂,脂族石油树脂,三聚氰胺甲醛树脂,松香,聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚苯乙烯,聚醚,聚氨酯,聚乙酸乙烯酯及其共聚物。
所述浆料另外可包含0.1-10重量%的至少一种选自表面活性剂,触变剂,增塑剂,增溶剂,消泡剂,干燥剂,交联剂,络合剂和/或导电聚合物颗粒的添加剂。添加剂可以单独使用,也可以以它们中两种或更多种的混合物使用。
当表面活性剂用作添加剂时,可以仅使用一种表面活性剂或多于一种表面活性剂。原则上,本领域技术人员已知的或现有技术中描述的所有表面活性剂都是合适的。优选的表面活性剂是单一或多种化合物,例如阴离子、阳离子、两性或非离子表面活性剂。然而,也可以使用具有颜料亲和性锚定基团(anchor group)的聚合物,技术人员已知其为表面活性剂。
在导电颗粒预涂有表面活性剂的情况下,导电浆料可以不包含另外的表面活性剂作为添加剂。
导电浆料可用于将电极或栅线印刷到半导体衬底上的所有应用。然而,特别优选使用导电浆料在太阳能电池的半导体衬底上形成导电栅线。
实施例
通过混合90重量%具有平均粒度的银粉、3重量%玻璃料和7重量%有机介质而制备导电浆料。第一和第二玻璃料的组成示于表1中。
表1:玻璃料的组成
组分 | 混合物#1 | 混合物#2 | 混合物#3 |
TeO<sub>2</sub> | 65 | 55 | 50 |
PbO | 5 | 20 | 25 |
Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 10 | 11 | 12 |
SiO<sub>2</sub> | 7 | 6 | 5 |
ZnO | 4 | 2 | 1 |
将浆料施加到6〃多晶(表2)和单晶(表3)晶片上,方块电阻(sheet resistance)为80Ω/□的磷掺杂发射极在p型基底上。使用的太阳能电池通过各向同性酸蚀刻进行纹理化,并具有80nm的SiNX:H抗反射涂层(ARC)。对于每种浆料,显示15片硅晶片的效率和填充因子的平均值。使用具有250毫米/秒刮板速度的micro-tec MT650印刷机通过丝网印刷制备每个样品。所使用的网具有如下图案:105个具有32μm开口的栅线和4个具有1.0mm开口的主栅线在14μm乳剂(emulsion)上在具有360目和16μm线的网中。在装置的未照明(背面)侧印刷市售的Al浆料。在具有250目和35μm线的网中用5μm乳剂印刷Al浆料。
然后将具有印刷图案的装置在具有250℃峰值温度的干燥烘箱中干燥。然后使用CF-SL Despatch 6区红外炉,使用635厘米/分钟的带速和920℃(如表2所示)和900℃、910℃和920℃(如表3所示)作为炉内第6区的设定温度烧结衬底向上的向阳面。
测试根据本文所述方法构建的太阳能电池的转换效率。
在一个实施方案中,将根据本文所述方法构建的太阳能电池置于商业I-V测试仪中以测量效率(halm gmbh,cetisPV-Celltest3)。I-V测试仪中的Xe弧形灯以已知强度AM1.5模拟太阳光,并照射电池的前表面。测试仪使用四接触法测量电流(I)和电压(V)。由I-V曲线计算太阳能电池效率(Eta)、开路电压(Voc)和填充因子(FF)。
从表2中可以看出,与参比浆料相比,本发明浆料显示出明显更高的太阳能电池效率。表3进一步显示本发明浆料在烧结温度范围内不会损失填充因子而提供良好的太阳能电池效率。
表2:与参比浆料相比的Voc(开路电压)、太阳能电池效率和填充因子
浆料 | 设定温度(℃) | Voc(mV) | FF(%) | Eta(%) |
参比浆料 | 920 | 629.6 | 79.7 | 18.0 |
混合物#1 | 920 | 630.0 | 79.4 | 18.1 |
混合物#2 | 920 | 630.6 | 79.7 | 18.3 |
混合物#3 | 920 | 631.0 | 79.7 | 18.2 |
表3:烧结范围的填充因子、Voc(开路电压)和太阳能电池效率
混合物 | 设定温度(℃) | Voc(mV) | FF(%) | Eta(%) |
混合物#2 | 900 | 643.0 | 80.5 | 19.7 |
混合物#2 | 910 | 643.7 | 80.6 | 19.8 |
混合物#2 | 920 | 642.2 | 80.6 | 19.7 |
Claims (12)
1.一种玻璃料,其为包含氧化碲和氧化铋作为主要组分的第一玻璃料及包含氧化碲和氧化铅作为主要组分的第二玻璃料的混合物,其中第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料的混合物包含40-55重量%的氧化碲,15-25重量%的氧化铅和5-15重量%的氧化铋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃料,其中第一玻璃料包含40-70重量%的TeO2和0.1-15重量%的Bi2O3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃料,其中第一玻璃料还包含0.1-15重量%的SiO2,0.1-15重量%的ZnO,0.1-15重量%的WO3和0-10重量%的Li2O。
4.根据权利要求3所述的玻璃料,其中第一玻璃料另外包含Cs2O3、MgO、V2O5、ZrO2、Mn2O3、Ag2O、In2O3、SnO2、NiO、Cr2O3、B2O3、Na2O、Al2O3和CaO中的一种或多种,各自的量为0-10重量%。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的玻璃料,其中第二玻璃料包含40-70重量%的TeO2和5-30重量%的PbO。
6.根据权利要求5所述的玻璃料,其中第二玻璃料还包含0.1-15重量%的Bi2O3,0.1-15重量%的SiO2,0.1-10重量%的ZnO,0.1-10重量%的WO3和0.1-10重量%的Li2O。
7.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃料,其中第二玻璃料另外包含Cs2O3、MgO、V2O5、ZrO2、Mn2O3、Ag2O、In2O3、SnO2、NiO、Cr2O3、B2O3、Na2O、Al2O3和CaO中的一种或多种,各自的量为0-10重量%。
8.一种用于在半导体衬底上形成电极的导电浆料,该浆料包含:
(a)85-92重量%的导电金属,
(b)1.5-3.5重量%的根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的玻璃料,
(c)和有机介质。
9.根据权利要求8所述的导电浆料,其中导电金属选自由碳、银、金、铝、铂、钯、锡、镍、镉、镓、铟、铜、锌、铁、铋、钴、锰、钼、铬、钒、钛、钨或者其混合物或合金组成的组。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的导电浆料,其中有机介质选自溶剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、触变剂、增塑剂、增溶剂、消泡剂、干燥剂、交联剂、络合剂和/或导电聚合物颗粒及其混合物。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的导电浆料,其中导电金属具有10nm-100μm的平均粒度的颗粒的形式。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项所述的导电浆料在用于太阳能电池的半导体衬底上形成导电栅线的用途。
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CN111499208A (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-07 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 单晶硅太阳能电池正面银浆用玻璃料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN114180844A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏日御光伏新材料科技有限公司 | 一种锂-碲硅二元玻璃氧化物复合体系及含有该复合体系的导电浆料 |
CN114464690A (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-05-10 | 晶科能源股份有限公司 | 太阳能电池栅线结构和光伏组件 |
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TWI687941B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-03-11 | 磐采股份有限公司 | 導電膠及應用該導電膠之太陽能電池 |
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