JP5559509B2 - 太陽電池電極形成用導電性ペースト - Google Patents
太陽電池電極形成用導電性ペースト Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5559509B2 JP5559509B2 JP2009247220A JP2009247220A JP5559509B2 JP 5559509 B2 JP5559509 B2 JP 5559509B2 JP 2009247220 A JP2009247220 A JP 2009247220A JP 2009247220 A JP2009247220 A JP 2009247220A JP 5559509 B2 JP5559509 B2 JP 5559509B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- solar cell
- conductive paste
- glass frit
- surface electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 37
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;boric acid;dihydroxy(dioxido)silane Chemical compound [Zn+2].OB(O)O.O[Si](O)([O-])[O-] ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/14—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
- C03C3/21—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus containing titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten or molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1229—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1245—Inorganic substrates other than metallic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
その後、反射防止膜2上に、スクリーン印刷法等により、前述した導電性ペーストを用いて表面電極1をグリッド状に印刷・塗布し、500〜900℃程度の温度で焼成することにより表面電極1を形成する。この焼成の際、通常、導電性ペーストに含まれるガラスフリットの作用により、反射防止膜2を溶解・除去することによって、表面電極1とn型拡散層3との電気的接触が達成される。これは一般的にはファイアースルーと称されている。
一方、半導体基板4の裏面側には、例えばアルミニウムなどが拡散した高濃度p型のBSF層が形成されると共に裏面電極5が形成される。
例えば特許文献1、2、4に記載されている太陽電池電極形成用銀ペーストにおいては、硼珪酸鉛ガラスフリットが使用され、特許文献3においては硼珪酸鉛系の他、硼酸鉛系のガラスフリットが記載されている。
(1)銀を主成分とする導電性粉末と、ガラスフリットと、有機ビヒクルとを含み、鉛含有量が1000ppm以下である太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペーストであって、
前記ガラスフリットが、酸化テルルを網目形成成分とし、酸化テルルを40〜90モル%含むテルル系ガラスフリットを含むことを特徴とする太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
(2)前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデンの何れか一種以上を含むことを特徴とする前記(1)記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
(3)前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、前記酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデンの何れか一種以上を合計で5〜60モル%含むことを特徴とする前記(2)記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
(4)前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、酸化亜鉛、酸化ビスマス、酸化アルミニウムの何れか一種以上を含むことを特徴とする前記(2)又は(3)に記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
(5)前記テルル系ガラスフリットが以下の成分を含むことを特徴とする前記(1)記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
酸化テルル:40〜90モル%
酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデンの何れか一種以上:合計で5〜60モル%
酸化亜鉛:0〜50モル%
酸化ビスマス:0〜25モル%
酸化アルミニウム:0〜25モル%
(6)前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、前記導電性粉末100重量部に対して0.1〜10重量部含まれることを特徴とする前記(1)乃至(5)の何れか一項に記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
なお、従来の太陽電池電極形成用導電性ペーストにおいては、ファイアースルーを良好に行うために、或る程度の量のガラスフリットを配合しなければならなかったが、本発明の導電性ペーストは、ガラスの配合量を抑えた場合でも充分なオーミックコンタクトが得られるため、導電性の高い電極を得ることができる。より望ましいガラスフリットの配合量は、導電性粒子100重量部に対して0.1〜5重量部である。
有機ビヒクルとしては特に限定はなく、銀ペーストのビヒクルとして通常使用されている有機バインダーや溶剤等が適宜選択して配合される。例えば有機バインダーとしては、セルロース類、アクリル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、ロジンエステル等が、また溶剤としてはアルコール系、エーテル系、エステル系、炭化水素系等の有機溶剤や水、これらの混合溶剤が挙げられる。ここで有機ビヒクルの配合量は特に限定されるものではなく、導電性粉末、ガラスフリットなどの無機成分をペースト中に保持し得る適切な量で、塗布方法等に応じて適宜調整されるが、通常導電性粉末100重量部に対して5〜40重量部程度である。
半導体基板は好ましくは単結晶シリコンまたは多結晶シリコンからなり、例えば、硼素などを含有することにより一導電型(例えばp型)を呈するようにしたものである。半導体基板の受光面側の表面に、リン原子などを拡散させて拡散層を形成することにより、逆導電型(例えばn型)を呈する領域を形成し、さらにその上に窒化シリコン等の反射防止膜を設ける。また受光面と反対側の基板表面には、裏面電極並びに高濃度のp型のBSF層を形成するため、アルミニウムペーストおよび銀ペースト、または銀−アルミニウムペーストを塗布・乾燥させる。そして前記反射防止膜上に本発明に係る導電性ペーストを用いてスクリーン印刷法など通常の方法で塗布・乾燥させ、その後、ピーク到達温度500〜900℃の高温で総焼成時間1〜30分間程度焼成して有機ビヒクル成分を分解、揮散させて、表面電極、裏面電極、BSF層を同時に形成する。なお、表面電極、裏面電極は必ずしも同時に焼成する必要はなく、裏面電極の焼成後に表面電極を形成しても良く、また表面電極焼成後に裏面電極を形成してもよい。また、高い光電変換効率を得るために、半導体基板の受光面側の表面は凹凸状(或いはピラミッド状)のテクスチャ構造を有することが好ましい。
〔試料1〜11の作製〕
銀粉末100重量部と、表1に示す組成のガラスフリット2重量部とを、エチルセルロース1.6重量部、ブチルカルビトール6.4重量部からなる有機ビヒクル中に分散させて導電性ペースト(試料1〜11)を作製した。表中、ガラス組成の各成分はいずれも酸化物換算でのモル%で示されている。
「銀粉末X」・・・平均粒径D50=1.8μmの球状粉
「銀粉末Y」・・・平均粒径D50=1.5μmの球状粉
「銀粉末Z」・・・平均粒径D50=2.6μmの球状粉
〔電極形成と評価〕
上記作製した導電性ペーストの初期評価を行うため、以下のようにして、TLM(transmission line model)法に基づき接触抵抗を測定した。
次にSiN層上に、上記作製した試料1〜11を用いて、幅100μm、厚さ15μmの細線形状の表面電極を2mmピッチで複数本形成し、細線電極間の抵抗値をデジタルマルチメーター(HEWLETT PACKARD社製:3458A MULTIMETER)を用いて測定し、接触抵抗を求めた上で評価を行った。
なお、本例においては、表面電極の焼成温度はピーク温度800℃で行った。
◎:10枚の基板の接触抵抗の平均値が0.05Ωcm2未満
○:10枚の基板の接触抵抗の平均値が0.05Ωcm2以上0.08Ωcm2未満
△:10枚の基板の接触抵抗の平均値が0.08Ωcm2以上、0.10Ωcm2未満
×:10枚の基板の接触抵抗の平均値が0.10Ωcm2以上
また表中「突抜」の欄においては、上述したように表面電極とシリコン基板との界面をTEM写真で目視観察し、表面電極のSiN層からシリコン基板側への突き抜けを以下の基準で評価した。
A:SiN層からシリコン基板側への最大の侵食が100nm未満
B:最大の侵食が100nm以上200nm未満
C:最大の侵食が200nm以上300nm未満
D:最大の侵食が300nm以上
既述したように、導電性ペーストに含まれるガラスフリットとしてTe系ガラスを用いた場合、表1に示されている通り、概ね良好な接触抵抗が得られている。
導電性ペースト中に含まれるガラスの組成と、使用する銀粉末を表2−1、表2−2に示すものとした他は、試料1〜11の場合と同様にして接触抵抗を求め評価した。その結果を表2−1、表2−2に併せて示す。表中、ガラス組成の各成分は酸化物換算でのモル%で示されている。
導電性ペースト中に含まれるガラス組成と使用する銀粉末を表3−1、表3−2に示す
ものにし、更にペースト中のガラスの配合量を同表に示した部数(重量部)に変えた以外
は、試料1〜11の場合と同様にして接触抵抗を求め評価した。その結果を表3−1、表
3−2に併せて示す。試料61−63は参考試料である。
更に比較試料1、2として、ガラス組成とその配合量、使用する銀粉末を表3−2に示すものとした導電性ペーストを作製し、上記と同様に接触抵抗を求め評価した。その結果を表3−2に併せて示す。
予備実験と同様、アルカリエッチング法によりピラミッド型テクスチャを形成した2cm×2cmのp型シリコン基板の一主面側にn型拡散層とSiN層を順次形成した後、更に反対面側にアルミニウムペーストを用いて裏面電極を形成し、その後、SiN層上に、前述した試料44、79、88、123を用いて、焼成後に幅100μm、厚さ15μm、ピッチ2mmの櫛形の表面電極が得られるように櫛形パターンを印刷した後、これをピーク温度800℃で焼成して表面電極を形成して太陽電池素子を準備した。また、それぞれの試料について同様に櫛形パターンを形成した後、ピーク温度760℃、780℃で焼成し、焼成温度だけが異なる太陽電池素子を準備した。
2 反射防止膜
3 拡散層
4 基板
5 裏面電極
6,9 ガラス層
10・・・酸化珪素層
Claims (6)
- 銀を主成分とする導電性粉末と、ガラスフリットと、有機ビヒクルとを含み、鉛含有量が1000ppm以下である太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペーストであって、
前記ガラスフリットが、酸化テルルを網目形成成分とし、酸化テルルを40〜90モル%含むテルル系ガラスフリットを含むことを特徴とする太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。 - 前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデンの何れか一種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
- 前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、前記酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデンの何れか一種以上を合計で5〜60モル%含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
- 前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、酸化亜鉛、酸化ビスマス、酸化アルミニウムの何れか一種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
- 前記テルル系ガラスフリットが以下の成分を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
酸化テルル:40〜90モル%
酸化タングステン、酸化モリブデンの何れか一種以上:合計で5〜60モル%
酸化亜鉛:0〜50モル%
酸化ビスマス:0〜25モル%
酸化アルミニウム:0〜25モル% - 前記テルル系ガラスフリットが、前記導電性粉末100重量部に対して0.1〜10重量部含まれることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか一項に記載の太陽電池表面電極形成用導電性ペースト。
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EP17189214.4A EP3288040A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2010-10-20 | Conductive paste for forming a solar cell electrode |
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TW099136640A TWI432539B (zh) | 2009-10-28 | 2010-10-27 | 用於形成太陽能電池電極之導電糊 |
CN201310747212.1A CN103730538B (zh) | 2009-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | 用于形成太阳能电池电极的导电膏 |
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US14/016,624 US20140004649A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2013-09-03 | Conductive paste for forming a solar cell electrode |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11508862B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2022-11-22 | Changzhou Fusion New Material Co., Ltd. | Thick-film conductive paste, and their use in the manufacture of solar cells |
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EP2317523A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
CN103730538A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
US10347787B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
CA2718204C (en) | 2014-06-03 |
US20140004649A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
TW201120163A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
KR20110046358A (ko) | 2011-05-04 |
US20170352773A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
US20110095240A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
CN103730538B (zh) | 2017-11-14 |
CN102081986A (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
US8551368B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
CN102081986B (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
KR101226861B1 (ko) | 2013-01-25 |
JP2011096747A (ja) | 2011-05-12 |
CA2718204A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
TWI432539B (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
EP2317523B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
EP3288040A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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