TW200530585A - Improved electrochemical biosensor test strip - Google Patents

Improved electrochemical biosensor test strip Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200530585A
TW200530585A TW094111883A TW94111883A TW200530585A TW 200530585 A TW200530585 A TW 200530585A TW 094111883 A TW094111883 A TW 094111883A TW 94111883 A TW94111883 A TW 94111883A TW 200530585 A TW200530585 A TW 200530585A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
test strip
test
patent application
item
area
Prior art date
Application number
TW094111883A
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English (en)
Inventor
Willam F Crismore
Nigel Surridge
Daniel R Mcminn
Eric R Diebold
Richard J Bodensteiner
R Dale Delk
David W Burke
Jiaxiong Jason Ho
Robert Kitchel Earl
Brian A Heald
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Roche Diagnostics Corp
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Application filed by Roche Diagnostics Corp filed Critical Roche Diagnostics Corp
Publication of TW200530585A publication Critical patent/TW200530585A/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001Enzyme electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G01N27/3271Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
    • G01N27/3272Test elements therefor, i.e. disposable laminated substrates with electrodes, reagent and channels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54373Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
    • G01N33/5438Electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/817Enzyme or microbe electrode

Description

200530585 ' (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於生物感知器及其於偵測流體中的電解質 方面之使用。 【先前技術】 以前的技術包括用以測定流體中之電解質量的試條, 包括電化學生物感知試條。 這樣的試條特別用以測體人體血液中的葡萄糖。這樣 的試條可供糖尿病患者及保健從業者來偵測其血液中的葡 萄糖量。此試條被設計用於染料的光偵測時,此試條常與 測定光反射値的儀表倂用,或者,設計用以偵測電活性化 合物時,其可用以測定一些電力性質(如:電流)。 但是,個人使用者使用以前製造的試條有一些問題存 在。例如,試條相當小,視力受損的糖尿病患者將血液樣 品適當地加至試條的樣品添加區域中有很大的困難。將試 條製成視力受損者容易將樣品添加在試條上者有其效用。 試條是毛細管充塡設計時,當試條的化學反應區是一 個毛細空間時,平順地及足量地以欲測試的樣品塡充此區 時會發生特別的問題。因爲毛細空間和用以製造試條的材 料組成少,試驗樣品進入毛細管反應區中時可能會停頓。 此外,引至毛細管反應區中的樣品量可能會不足’因此會 產生不正確的測試結果。若能儘量減少這樣的問題將會非 常有用。 200530585 最後,大量製造試條,特別是糖尿病患者用以測試的 血液葡萄糖量用的試條。用以製造這些試條的方法(如: 機械打孔)可能會使試劑在測試區域表面上而乾掉破裂或 破碎,因此造成試劑損失或試劑未能位於試條的適當位置 上。設計使得測試試劑能夠忍受加工步驟(如:機械打孔 )也會非常有用。 本發明的電化學生物感知試條提出解決以前的試條的 這些前述問題的方法。 【發明內容】 本發明是一種改良之電化學生物感知試條,其有四個 新穎且非常有利的特點。 第一個新的特點是:順著試條的一邊有凹痕狀,容易 辨視樣品施用點,以便於視力受損的人或於無亮光或光亮 條件欠佳時使用。 此試條具有毛細測試區,測試區頂部包括此生物感知 試條的第二個新特點。此第二個新特點是一種透明或半透 明視窗,以''充塡於此處〃線的方式操作,藉此辨別是否 有足量的測S式樣品(液體樣品’如·血)被加至此測試區 中,以準確地進行測試。此視窗定出準確測試所須的最少 樣品量,因此,降低因爲在試條上的施用量不足而造成誤 判的可能性。 視窗的長和寬比毛細測試區的長和寬來得短。視窗的 尺寸和位置使其覆於生物感知試條之工作電極的整個寬度 -6 - 200530585 .Ο) , 上及覆於平衡或參考電極的至少約1 0 %寬度上。較佳情況 中,環繞視窗的頂部區域被著色,使得使用者在透過視窗 觀察時,樣品有良好的顏色對比性,且頂部區域環繞著視 窗以便於辨認試條的足夠添加量。 此試條的第三個新特點是在樣品施用區處有一或多個 缺口。在第一個隔絕底質和試條頂部都有一個缺口。這些 缺口的尺寸和位置使得它們在試條中互相交疊。這些缺口 Φ 減少所謂的''施用遲疑〃。樣品加至無缺口試條的樣品施 用區時,樣品進入毛細測試區時會有停頓的情況。此 ''施 用遲疑〃會延長測試時間。試條包括缺口時,施用遲疑情 況減少。此外,在第一個絕緣底質和頂部皆有缺口者,使 得試樣能能夠以寬變化角度朝樣品施用區前進。若只有頂 部有缺口,此試樣的前進角度受到的限制會比較大。 最後,此試條的第四個新特點是試劑包括平均分子量 約1005000道耳吞至約900,000道耳吞、濃度由約0.2% ( φ 重量:重量)至約2 % (重量:重量)的聚氧化乙烯,此 使得乾燥的試劑更具親水性也更結實。含括聚氧化乙烯, 此試劑更能忍受在試條組合時的機械打孔及使用試條時的 機械操作。此外,經乾燥的試劑包括約1 . 7 5 % (重量:重 量)至約1 7.5 % (重量:重量)的聚氧化乙烯,在含水試 樣加至試條區時,容易再度溶解或再度懸浮。 【實施方式】 本發明之生物感知器的較佳實施例之構件示於附圖] (4) (4)200530585 、2、4 fa 5。此生物感知器包括第一個絕緣底質1,其有 第一個表面2 2和第二個表面2 3。絕緣底質1可製自任何 可資利用的絕緣材料。基本上,塑膠(如:乙烯聚合物、 聚醯亞胺、聚酯和苯乙烯類提供所欲的電力和結構性質。 第一個絕緣底質1另包含凹痕2、缺口 3和輸出孔4。因 爲附圖1所示的生物感知器要以材料卷大量製造,所以必 須選擇柔軟度足以用於捲筒加工且韌度足以使最終生物感 知器具有用韌度的材料,特別佳的第一個絕緣底質1是7 密耳厚的 MELINEX3 2 9塑料,其是由 ICI Films ( 3411
Silverside Road,P〇 Box 15391, Wilmington,Delaware 1 98 5 0 )提供的聚酯。 如附圖1所示者,導電軌5和6貼在第一個絕緣底質 】的第一個表面2 2上。軌5可以是工作電極,由導電材料 (如:銷、鉑、金、碳和鈦)製成。軌6可以是平衡電極 ’由導電材料(如:鈀、鉑、金、銀、含銀合金、鎳一鉻 合金、碳、鈦和銅)製成。以貴金屬爲佳,因爲它們提供 更穩定的可再製電極表面。鈀因爲比貴金屬更不容易被氧 化且因其爲相當低廉的材料,所以是特別佳者。 較佳情況中,導電軌5和6附著在絕緣墊片(如:聚 酸亞胺或聚酯)上’以降低在拿取或製造試條期間內撕裂 電極材料的可能性。這樣的導電軌的例子是在UP ILEX聚 醯亞胺塾片上之表面電阻低於5歐姆/平方鈀塗層(由 Couitalds-Andus Performance Films, Canoga Park. C a 1 i f 〇 】· n i a 提供)。 -8- 200530585 • 、、 (5) / 導電軌5和6代表生物感知試條的電極。這些電極的 距離必須足夠,使得發生於一個電極上的電化學情況不會 干擾到另一電極上的電化學情況。電極5和6之間的較佳 距離約1 . 2毫米。 附圖1所示的試條中,導電軌5是工作電極,導電軌 6是平衡電極或參考電極。軌6如果是由典型·的參考電極 材料(如··銀/氯化銀)製得時,可以是參考電極。較佳 φ 實施例中,軌5是銷製的工作電極,軌6是亦製自細的平 衡電極且實質上與工作電極具相同尺寸。 也可以配備有三種電極,其中,試條包括額外的導電 軌位於導電軌6和輸出孔4之間。在三個電極排列時,導 電軌5是工作電極,軌6是平衡電極而介於導電軌6和輸 出孔4之間的第三個電極是參考電極。 覆於導電軌5和6上的是第二個絕緣底質7。第二個 絕緣底質7製自與第一個絕緣底質1類似或相同(以相同 φ 爲佳)的材料。底質7有第一個表面8和第二個表面9。 第二個表面9以黏合劑(如:熱熔膠)附於底質1的表面 和導電軌5和6上。此膠的一個例子是DYN A POLS-135 8 膠’得自 Hu】s America,Inc.,220 Davidson Street, P〇 Box 6821,Somerset,NJ 08873。底質7亦可包括第一個開 口 1 〇和第二個開口 1 I。第一個開口 1 0使導電軌5和6外 露以與儀表(在試樣與試條的試劑混合之後,測定試樣的 一些電力性質)作電力連接。第二個開口 Π使不同部分 的導電軌5和6外露以使試劑〗2施用在軌5和6的這些 _9- 200530585 • 、, (6) / 外露表面上。(附圖1中,導電軌5和6的整個寬度因開 口 1 1而外露。但是,也可以僅使作爲平衡電極或參考電 極之用的導電軌6的一部分寬度外露,只要至少約1 〇 %的 寬度由開口 1 1外露即可。)此外,第二個絕緣底質7包 括凹痕1 9,其與附圖1所示的凹痕2相符。 試劑1 2是使試條進行測試的特定試劑。試劑丨2可施 用在由第二個開口 1 1定出範圍中之導電軌5和6的整個 B 外露表面上。也可以將試劑1 2施用於此區域中。例如, 若試條的此區域中的導電軌6具參考電極構造(如:銀/ 氯化銀)’則試劑1 2僅須覆蓋此區域中的工作電極5外 露表面。此外,不須以試劑蓋住電極的整個外露表面,只 要電極的指定及可再製表面被試劑蓋住即可。 蓋住第一個表面8和第二個開口 π的一部分的是頂 部1 3。頂部1 3包括凹痕1 4和缺口 1 5。凹痕1 4和缺口 1 5 的形狀和位置使得它們直接覆於凹痕2和1 9及缺口 3上 B 。頂部1 3可製自塑膠材料(如:約2密耳至約6密耳厚 的透明或半透明聚酯膜)。頂部1 3有第一個表面]6和第 二個表面1 7。頂部1 3的第二個表面]7藉適當的黏合劑( 如:3M 94 5 8 丙烯物,得自 3M,Identification and Converter Systems Division,3 M Center,Building 22 0 -7 W-03,St.Paul,MN 5 5 1 44 )附著於第二個絕緣底質7的第一 個表面8上。 較佳情況中,頂部I 3另包括透明或半透明視窗1 8。 視窗]8的大小和位置使得頂部1 3附於第二個絕緣底質7 - 10 - 200530585 • ' (7) · ,此視窗覆蓋導電軌5的整個寬度和導電軌6的至少約1 〇 %寬度。 頂部1 3的第二個表面、開口 U的邊緣及絕緣底質1 的第一個表面22 (及附於底質1的第一個表面22上的導 電軌5和6 )定義出毛細測試區。以開口 1 1的長度和寬度 定出此毛細區的長度和寬度,以第二個絕緣底質7的厚度 定出此區的高度。 φ 較佳的試條可以附圖3 a- 3 i所示的程序製造。絕緣底 材板21 ( MELINEX 2 3 9,7密耳厚,得自ICI )的一面以 熱熔黏合劑(DYNAPOL S-1358,得自 Hiils)塗覆(附圖 3 a )。板2 1延線24切割,藉此形成有黏合劑覆於第一個 表面2 2上的第一個絕緣底質1及有黏合劑覆於第二個表 面9上的第二個絕緣底質7。(附圖3 b和3 c )以沖模打 孔機在底質7上形成第一個開口 10和第二個開口 11。( 附圖3d )之後,在 Upilex墊片(得自 Courtalds- 鲁 AndusPerformance Films)上之鈀製的導電軌 5和 6自捲 軸上先被切成約1.5毫米寬並覆於底質1的表面22上, 使得Upilex墊片與表面22相鄰。將底質7的表面9覆於 鄰近於底質1的表面22及鄰近於導電軌5和6處,藉此 形成附圖3 e所示的三明治結構。熱封此三明治結構。 之後’使S式劑1 2分散於開口] 1中並加以乾燥。(附 圖3f)在試劑12乾燥之後’以沖模打孔孔機形成輸出孔 4。(附圖3 g )之後’包括親水塗層2 5和視窗1 8的頂部 1 3覆於開口 Π,其覆蓋方式使得視窗1 8覆於導電軌5的 -11 - 200530585 .、’ (8) ' 整個寬度及導電軌6的約一半寬度上。如附圖3 h所示者 由脫模襯墊脫下頂部1 3並黏合固定於表面8上。 最後,如附圖3 i所示者,以沖模打孔機在各個試條 上打孔。此沖模打孔機可以在有或無缺口 1 5的試條打孔 。若含括缺口 1 5,則頂點較佳角度是1 0 5 °。其他角度( 如約4 5 °至約 1 0 5 ° )亦可用於缺口 1 5。此外,缺口 1 5 可以是單一缺口或多重缺口。 φ 如前述者,試劑1 2分散於試條上之以開口 1 1定義出 的區域中。前述製法中,希望在施用試劑1 2之前,先使 用電暈處理開口 11。電暈處理用以提高表面22部分及因 開口 1 1而外露的導電軌5和6的表面能量,使得試劑12 均勻分佈及預先潔淨因開口 1 1而外露的導電軌5和6部 分。已經發現到預先潔淨導電軌5和6可大幅改善試條的 效能。電暈處理係於瓦特密度由約20至約90瓦特/公分 /秒、弧間隔約1密耳(0.040英吋)的條件下進行。 % 較佳方法中,此電暈處理以前述瓦特密度以全體形式 施用在附圖3 e所示的表面上。施用此處理之後的5分鐘 之內施用試劑1 2最爲有效,基本上是在4 5秒鐘之內施用 試劑1 2。 比較有利的狀況是:降低電暈處理於表面8上的作用 ,以確保試劑1 2完全留在開口 1 1中且與表面8的親和力 不會比與表面2 2部分及與因開口] 1而外露的導電軌5和 6的親和力來得大。電暈消散程序(用以選擇性地降低全 面電暈處理程序的效果)用以降低在開口 1 ]的網區(經 -12 - 200530585 • '* Ο) 加工的試條片)的處理效果。此電暈消散程序含括 子水薄膜,使得水與表面8接觸,但不會與開口 1 接觸。水薄膜(以約1 .5微米至約3 · 0微米厚(約 水/平方米)爲佳)之施用可藉芯墊、橡皮版印刷 常用的塗覆法來進行。之後,在施用試劑12之前 強迫對流或紅外光線法,使水薄膜自表面乾燥。此 淨效果是:在施用試劑12之前’表面8的表面能 _ 地降低至低於6 2達因,且開口 1 1內區域表面維持 處理後的表面能量。 在較佳實施例中,試劑1 2經調配用以測定人 樣品中的葡萄糖。使用酵素醌蛋白質(含吡咯基-(PQQ ))葡萄糖去氫酶和氧化還原介質氰化物製 較佳葡萄糖試劑的文獻如下:Quinoprotein dehydrogenase is Enzyme Commission No.1.1.99.17 步驟]:製備NATRO SOL的去離子水溶液。在 B 率不低於2 5 Orpm且攪拌時間不少於3 0分鐘的情況 0.45克NATROSOL-25 0M (微晶狀羥基乙基纖維素 Aqua】on)加至4]4克去離子水中,可達到此目的 是使用三或四片渦輪型螺旋槳的頂部旋轉扇葉來達 的目的。螺旋槳尺寸和構造之選擇大部分以所用混 半徑爲基礎。所選用的螺旋槳基本上半徑大於混合 徑的7 5 %。 步驟2 :在混合速率不低於5 7 0rpm且攪拌時 於6 0分鐘的情況下,在得自步驟1的溶液中’逐 •施用離 0和]1 9.1克 或他種 ,使用 處理的 量有效 其電暈 體血液 D奎咯啉 備一升 glucose 〇 攪拌速 下,將 ,得自 。最好 到混合 合容器 容器半 間不少 漸添加 -13- 200530585 、、 (10)
AVICEL RC-591F (—種微晶狀纖維素,得自FMC ,而使5·6克的AVI CEL分散於此溶液中。 步驟3 :在混合速率不低於690rpm且攪拌時 於4 5分鐘的情況下,在得自步驟2的混合物中, 加8.4克聚乙烯化氧(平均分子量300,000道耳吞) 步驟4 :將1 2 · 1克一鹼價磷酸鉀(無水)和 二鹼價憐酸鉀(無水)加至450克去離水中,形成 液。 步驟5 :自步驟4的製劑中移出5 0克緩衝溶液 5 〇克緩衝溶液中,添加1 2 · 5毫克的輔酶P Q Q (得g )。攪拌此溶液直到輔酶完全溶解。(製備酵素製 使用磁攪拌棒和磁攪拌器爲佳。) 步驟6 :在得自步驟5的溶液中,逐漸添加1 .: 單位的醌蛋白質葡萄糖去氫酶,添加時在磁攪拌器 速(低於4 0 0 r p m )攪拌以免起泡。所得溶液混合不 小時,使得酵素和輔酶的關係穩定,藉此形成醌蛋 萄糖去氫酶溶液。 步驟7 :在得自步驟4的緩衝溶液中,添加5 9 氰化鉀。之後,添加6.2克丁二酸鈉。所得溶液混 溶質完全溶解。溶解之後,評估溶液的pH,其> 6.76±0.05 ° 步驟8 :得自步驟7的溶液逐漸摻入得自步驟 合物中,摻入時的混合速率不低於190rpm。 步騾9 :在得自步驟8的混合物中,添加520 一 14 - c 〇 r p .) 間不少 逐漸添 〇 21.3 克 緩衝溶 。在此 目 Fluka 劑時以 Π百萬 上於低 超過2 白質葡 .】克的 合直到 値應約 3的混 克海藻 200530585 .,, (11) f 糖,添加時的混合速率不低於1 90rpm,時間不少於1 0分 鐘。 步驟 10: 0.35克 TRITON Χ-100界面活性劑(得自 Boehringer Mannheim B i o c h e m i c a 1 s )加至得自步驟 9 的混 合物中,添加時的混合速率不低於1 9 0 rpm,時間不少於5 分鐘。 步驟1 1 :得自步驟6的酵素溶液加自得自步驟1 〇的 • 混合物中,此新的完整試劑於不低於1 90rpm的混合速率 下混合,混合時間不少於3 0分鐘。 步驟1 2 :現視製造設備所需地藉由與濾經1 〇 〇微米過 篩袋或濾經與抽氣系統連接之1 〇〇微米濾器的方式過濾此 試劑。 前述醌蛋白質葡萄糖去氫酶的去輔基酶蛋白質得自德 國的 Boehringer MannheimGmbH ( Boehringer Mannheim GmbH編號1 46422 1 )。或者,此去輔基酶蛋白質得自下 _ 列文獻:Duine 等人,feBS Letters,108(;2),443-46。 乙酸 I丐不動桿菌(Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus)在摻 有0.02M 丁二酸鈉或〇·1〇Μ乙醇的無機鹽介質中於22。〇 、氧氣供應良好的情況下生長。在對數生長期( logarithmicphase)終了時收集此細胞,濕細胞產量約4克 /升。 糸至冷凍的細胞(1 〇克)解凍並與1 5毫升3 6 m Μ T r i S / 3 9 m M甘胺酸緩衝液混合。添加6毫克的溶菌酶之後, —彳子液於室“ ί見拌1 5分鐘並於4 8 0 0 0重力加速度離心]〇 -15 - 200530585 離 .、· (12) f 分鐘。丟棄上層淸液,萃出物以含有1% TRITON X-100 界面活性劑的36mM Ti*is/39mM甘胺酸緩衝液萃取兩次 。合倂離子步驟上層淸液並立刻使用。 將不含細胞的萃出液加至已經以含有1% TRITON X-100界面活性劑的36mM Tris/39mM甘胺酸緩衝液平衡 過的 DEAE-Sephacel管柱(13x2.2公分)中,管柱並以 相同緩衝液淸洗。此酵素不會黏在管柱材料上,合倂的活 | 性餾份以2M醋酸滴定至ρΗ6·0。立刻將此溶液加至已經 以5mM碟酸紳平衡過的CM-Sepharose CL-6B ( 5x1公分 )中。管柱以相同緩衝液淸洗直到無TRITON X-100界面 活性劑存在於沖出液中爲止,此酵素以 〇 · 1Μ磷酸鉀( ΡΗ7.0 )沖提。 之後,此酵素以含有 3 Μ溴化鉀的 〇. 1 Μ醋酸鈉( ρΗ4·5 )於滲析72小時。之後,此酵素以0.02M磷酸 鉀(ρΗ7·0 )滲析12小時,得到去輔基酶蛋白質。 | 較佳的試條中,開口 1 1是約3 · 2毫米至約6 · 7毫米。 葡萄糖試條的較佳實施例中,4.5微升由上述文獻製得的 試劑加至開口 1 1。(請參考附圖3 f )試劑量實質上蓋住 開口 1 1之導電軌5和6的外露部分。之後,試劑1 2於約 7 〇 °C乾燥約1至2分鐘。 所得之較佳的乾燥葡萄糖試劑膜將含有約2,000至約 9,000單位酵素活性/克試劑。較佳試劑中,每克試劑另 含有下列組份: -16- (13) (13)200530585 62·2毫克聚乙烯化氧 3.3 毫克 NATROSOL 250Μ 41 .5 毫克 AVICEL RC-591F 89.4毫克一鹼價磷鉀 157.9毫克二鹼價磷鉀 4 3 7.3毫克氰化鉀 4 6.0毫克丁二酸鈉 1 4 8 · 0毫克海藻糖 2.6毫克TRITON X-100界面活性劑 重要地,前述用以提供試劑的濕試劑中,包括約〇·2 重量%至約 2重量%分子量由約1 00,000道耳吞至約 900,000道耳呑的聚乙烯化氧,較佳的是含約0.71重量% 平均分子量爲300,000道耳吞的聚乙烯化氧,在乾燥之後 ,比試條加工步驟(如機械打孔)之前來得結實,比試條 使用者施以機械力之前來得結實,並且在水性樣品(如: 人體血液)添加之後,可再度溶解或再度懸浮。乾燥之後 ,聚乙烯化氧的百分比由約1 · 7 5 % (重量:重量)至約 1 7 · 5 % (重量:重量)。在較佳的乾燥試劑中,聚乙烯化 氧的百分比約6 · 2 % (重量:重量)。 此較佳之乾燥的葡萄糖試劑膜厚度使其具有試驗化學 的內禀性質並減少改變分血器對試驗敏感度所造成的干擾 。在本發明的此較佳實施例中,膜厚(以濕試劑分散體積 與因開口 1 1外露的表面積之比値估計)使得4 . 5微升的 -17 - 200530585 .、, (14) 試劑分散於約2 2.5平方毫米的面積(開口 )中。由人類血液樣品測定葡萄糖時,膜厚 平均分子量約100,000道耳呑至約900,000 烯化氧的膜,會使感知器加工時製得對於改 感度減少者。 試劑12在開口 1 1中乾燥時,頂部1 3 1 並以前述方式黏合附著於表面8上上。頂部 > 據下列步驟在獨立程序中製得。 較佳情況中,頂部1 3製自5密耳厚的 聚酯薄片,實質上不透明的墨水以圖案27 面1 6上,使得視窗1 8爲透明或半透明。此 位置使得頂部附於表面8上,如附圖3h所 開口 1 1排成一列。 在第二個表面1 7上,黏合系統層疊, 附於表面8上。此黏合系統可便利地爲丙烯 > :許多市售品),但以3MInc產品編號945 8
此外,將頂部置於表面8上,將一片經 半透明塑膠片(以聚對酞酸乙二酯(PET ) 0.001至約0.004英吋厚的Melinex S塑膠片 表面1 7上的黏合系統上,並與視窗1 8尺寸 經塗覆的塑膠片是親水性塗層25。特別選定 得毛細測試區的內表面具有親水本質,以有 (如:血液)流入測試區中。塗層2 5可選 以展現親水性表面的塗層,但以 AdhesivesR 1 1的較佳面積 如上述且包括 道耳吞的聚乙 變分血器之敏 Ϊ於開口 1 1上 ;1 3本身由根 MELINEX 56 1 印在第一個表 視窗的大小或 示者,它會與 使得頂部長久 系黏合劑(如 者爲佳。 塗覆的透明或 爲佳,如:約 )置於第二個 外成一線。此 塗層2 5以使 助於水性樣品 自多種設計用 .easearch Inc. -18- • 、’ (15) ’ 200530585 雀 提供的AC ARE 8 5 8 6爲佳。塗層25也可用以避免頂部黏 合劑與g式劑1 2直接接觸。 最後,將頂部1 3置於表面8上。(請參考附圖3 h ) 此時,如附圖3 h中所示者,由頂部1 3沒有印刷墨水而定 義出的透明或半透明的視窗1 8必須與開口 1 1成一線。應 選擇透明或半透明視窗1 8的尺寸,使得可由視窗1 8看到 位於下方的毛細通道實質上一部分寬度(超過約7 5 % )。 > 視窗1 8的矩形尺寸應使工作電極5的整個寬度外露。因 此,將樣品(如:血液)引至毛細測試區中時,可以讓使 用者經由樣品施用區2 0敏銳地以肉眼看出視窗是否完全 被樣品所塡滿。以此處所述者選擇視窗尺寸,能夠讓試條 的使用者充份地塡滿樣品。利用視窗由肉眼證實,可以完 全確保有足夠的工作電極面積被樣品所覆蓋及平衡或參考 電極6也有足夠的部分被覆蓋。要達到毛細充塡電化學生 物感知器的準確試驗性’重要的是要以試樣覆蓋電極。肉 > 眼證實試條有足夠的施用量,使試條不會因爲施用量不足 而導致錯誤結果的保證。 元整S式條2 6與在g式樣加至樣品施用區2 〇之後能夠測 定一些試樣之電力性質的測定計連接。(請參考附圖2 ) 測定的電力性質可以是’如:電流、電動勢、電荷或電阻 測。測量電動勢變化以進行分析試驗的一個例子述於美國 專利案第5,4 1 3,69 0號,茲將其中所述者倂入本文中以資 參考。 測定電流以進行分析試驗的一個例子述於美國專利案 -19- 200530585 -、, (16) ; 第5,2 8 8,63 6和5 5 5 〇8,171號,茲將其中所述者倂入本文 中以資寥考。 個較佳的貫施例中,試條2 6和儀表(包括電源( 電池))連接。這樣的儀表和生物感知系統之改善可參考 美國專利案編號 4,999,632、5,243,516、5,366,609、 5,352,351、5,405,511和5,438,271,茲將其中所述者倂入 本文中以資參考。 > 許多含電解質的流體可藉本發明的電化學試條分析。 舉例言之,可以測定人體體液(如:全血、血淸、尿液和 腦脊髓流體)中的電解質。同樣地,可以測定發酵產品中 和環境物質(原含有環境污染物者)中發現的電解質。 使用前述較佳的試條來測定人體血液中的葡萄糖濃度 時,軌5和6是實質上尺寸相同的鈀,葡萄糖劑是前述試 劑,血液樣品可加至樣品施用區2 0。樣品會因毛細作用而 被引至測試區中。一旦進入測試區,血液樣品會與試劑1 2 > 混合。經過一段所欲時間(如:3 0秒鐘)的培養之後,介 於軌5和6之間的儀表的電源會有電動勢差。較佳實施例 中,此電動勢差是300毫伏特。電動勢差爲300毫伏特之 後,在〇. 5秒之約3 0秒的任何時刻測定電流。測得的電 流大小與血液樣品中的匍甸糖濃度有關。 利用電流測定儀表的演算’分析來自流體樣品的電解 質期間測得的電流與樣品中的電解質濃度有關。此演算可 能是下列例子所列者: 〔電解質〕二c i7 ·5 + d其中,〔電解質〕代表樣品中 -20- 200530585 、', (17) ' 的電解質濃度(請參考附圖6 ) ,ί 7 . 5是電極間施用電動 勢差後的7.5秒時測得的電流(毫安培),c是線3 0的斜 率(附圖6 ),而d是軸截線値(附圖6 )。 以已知電解質濃度測定而作出校正曲線3 0 (附圖6 ) 。此校正可儲存於儀錶的唯讀記憶體(ROM )中,可用於 特定幾批試條中。附圖6中的線3 1和3 2代表兩個不同批 試條的其他假想曲線。這些生物感知器批次之校正所得的 _ (:和(1値通常與述運算式的値略有不同。 由人類全血樣品分析葡萄糖的較佳方法中,在電極間 已產生電動勢差之後的2秒至9秒期間內,每隔0.5秒鐘 測定電流。 在此測定血液樣品中之葡萄糖的例子中,於不同時間 (施用電動勢差之後的3秒至9秒)測定電流,而非在單 一固定時間(如前述者)測定,結果運算比較複雜,可以 用下列式子表示: i 〔葡甸糖〕—+ C〕i2 + 〇3土3 + ...... C n i n ~l· d 其中,i !是於第一個測定時間(施用3 0 0毫伏特電動勢差 之後3秒鐘)測得的電流,i2是於第二個測定時間(施用 3 00毫伏特電動勢差之後3.5秒鐘)測得的電流,i3是於 第三個測定時間(施用3 00毫伏特電動勢差之後4秒鐘) 測得的電流,i n是於第η個測定時間(此例子中爲第]3 次測定時間或施用3 0 0毫伏特電動勢差之後9秒鐘)測得 -21 - Υ 200530585 、 (18) 的電流’ C ]、C 2、c 3和C n是係數,衍生自多變數 析技巧(如,Principle Compoents Anal ysisor Least Squares ),而d是回歸截線値(其單位爲葡 度)。 或者,可以將點出電流値而形成的曲線加以積 段時間內(如:施用3 0 0毫伏特電動勢差之後9秒 電流積分),藉此得知測量期間內的總電荷轉移, 定樣品中的葡萄糖濃度。轉移的總電荷與測量的樣 葡萄糖濃度有關。
此外,可以由實際測量時的不同環境溫度和校 環境溫度來校正所測得的葡萄糖濃度。例如,如果 測定時的校正曲線是在2 3 °C的環境下作成的,則葡 定應使用下面的式子作校正: 〔葡萄糖〕corrected=〔葡萄糖〕measuredx(l-K(T-23°C 其中,T是測定樣品時的環境溫度(單位是。c ), 下列回歸式得到的常數: Y= K ( Τ-23 ), 其中 〔葡萄糖〕(於2 3/測得者)一〔葡萄糖〕(於Tt測得 〔葡萄糖〕(於T°C測得者) 回歸分 Partial 萄糖濃 分(一 鐘)的 以此測 品中的 正時的 葡萄糖 萄糖測 )), 【是由 -22- 200530585 、 · (19) 爲了要計算κ値,多種葡萄糖濃度於各種溫度τ及於 23°C測定(基礎情況)。之後,γ於厂23作線性回歸。κ 値是此回歸線的斜率。 本發明的其他特點可用於其他的電化學試條中,如: 美國專利案編號 5,1 23,4 2 0、5,141,8 6 8、554 3 759 9 9、 5,192,415、5,2645103和5,575,895,茲將其中所述者倂入 本文中以資參考。 【圖式簡單說明】 附圖1是本發明之較佳實施例的外觀圖。 附圖2顯示完全組合的較佳試條。 附圖3 a - 3 i說明製造本發明試條的較佳方法。 附圖4是圖2的試條貫穿線2 8 — 2 8之截面圖。 附圖5是圖2的試條貫穿線2 9 — 2 9之截面圖。 附圖6說明不同批試條的假想校正曲線。 【主要元件符號說明】 1第一個絕緣底質 2凹痕 3缺口 4輸出孔 5導電軌 6導電軌 - 23- 200530585 、, (20) 7第二個絕緣底質 8第一個表面 9第二個表面
10 第 — 個 開 □ 11 第 二 個 開 □ 12 試 劑 13 頂 部 14 凹 痕 15 缺 □ 16 第 一 個 表 面 17 第 二 個 表 面 18 視 窗 19 凹 痕 20 樣 品 施 用 區 2 1 絕 緣 底 材 22 第 一 個 表 面 23 第 二 個 表 面 24 線 25 親 水 性 塗 層 26 試 條 27 圖 案 28 線 29 線 3 0 校 正 曲 線 - 24 200530585 ♦ 、^ (21) 3 1線 d軸截線値

Claims (1)

  1. 200530585 ' ⑴ ^ 十、申請專利範圍 1. 一種電化學生物感知試條,包含: 一毛細測試區, 一樣品施用區,及 —凹痕狀(2),用於辨視該樣品施用區的位置。 2 ·如申請專利範圍第丨項之生物感知試條,其中該凹 痕狀另包括一缺口( 3 ),用以減少施用遲疑。 φ 3 ·如申請專利範圍第i項之生物感知試條,另包含至 少兩個導電軌(5,6 ),且其暴露至該毛細測試區。 4 ·如申請專利範圍第3項之生物感知試條’其中該至 少兩個導電軌延伸過該毛細測試區。 5 ·如申請專利範圔第3項之生物感知試條,包括試劑 (1 2),其覆蓋該導電軌的至少一部份。 6 .如申請專利範圍第1項之生物感知試條,包括撓性 絕緣底質(1)。 φ 7 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之生物感知試條,具有一透 明或半透明視窗(1 8 ),用以提供目測確認試條是否有足量 的劑量。 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之生物感知試條,具有一透 明或半透明視窗(1 8),透過此視窗可看到位於下方的毛細 通道之實質部分寬度。 9 ·如申請專利範圍第7或8項之生物感知試條’其中 視窗(I 8)的矩形尺寸使工作電極(5)的整個寬度外露。 1 〇 .如申請專利範圍第7或8項之生物感知試條’其 -26- 200530585 衿 / ' (2) 中該視窗的表面積比開口( 11 )的長和寬定出之該毛細測 試區的面積來得小。 1 1.如申請專利範圍第1 〇項之生物感知試條’其中該 視窗的長和寬比該毛細測試區的長和寬來得短。 1 2 .如申請專利範圍第7或8項之生物感知試條’其 中該視窗包括在頂部(13)之內。 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第 7或 8項之生物感知試條’其 p 中該視窗提供試條是否有足量的測試樣品量之目測回饋。 14.如申請專利範圍第1項之生物感知試條,其中該 凹痕狀順著試條的一邊而用於辨視樣品施用區(20)。 1 5 .如申請專利範圍第2項之生物感知試條,其中該 用以減少施用遲疑之缺口於試條的第一絕緣底質和頂部產 生。 1 6 .如申請專利範圍第1 5項之生物感知試條,其中該 用以減少施用遲疑之缺口的尺寸和位置使得它們在試條中 • 互相交疊。 1 7 ·如申請專利範圍第1 5項之生物感知試條,其中該 頂部和絕緣底質形成毛細塡充區的相對壁。 1 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1 4或1 5項之生物感知試條, 包括含親水性塗層之頂部。 -27-
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