TR201819535T4 - Florin ile sübstitüe edilen olefinleri içeren bileşimler. - Google Patents

Florin ile sübstitüe edilen olefinleri içeren bileşimler. Download PDF

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TR201819535T4
TR201819535T4 TR2018/19535T TR201819535T TR201819535T4 TR 201819535 T4 TR201819535 T4 TR 201819535T4 TR 2018/19535 T TR2018/19535 T TR 2018/19535T TR 201819535 T TR201819535 T TR 201819535T TR 201819535 T4 TR201819535 T4 TR 201819535T4
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refrigerant
compositions
oil
compounds
applications
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TR2018/19535T
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English (en)
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T Pham Hang
R Singh Rajiv
Robert Shankland Ian
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Honeywell Int Inc
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Application filed by Honeywell Int Inc filed Critical Honeywell Int Inc
Publication of TR201819535T4 publication Critical patent/TR201819535T4/tr

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    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Abstract

Formül (I) en az bir floroalkenini içeren bir bileşimin bir soğutucu olarak kullanımıdır: XCF z R 3-z (I) burada X bir C 2 veya C 3 doymamış, sübstitüe edilmiş veya sübstitüe edilmemiş alkil radikalidir, R bağımsız olarak CI, F, Br, I veya H'dir ve z 1 ila 3'tür.

Description

TARIFNAME FLORIN iLE SÜBSTITÜE EDILEN OLEFINLERI IÇEREN BILESIMLER BULUSUN ALANI Bu bulus otomotiv havalandirma sistemlerinde faydali olan sogutucu bilesimler ile BULUSUN ARKA PLANI Florkarbon temelli akiskanlar bir çok ticari ve endüstriyel uygulamada yaygin kullanim alani bulmustur. Örnek olarak, florkarbon temelli akiskanlar havalandirma, isi pompasi, sogutma uygulamalarinda bir araci akiskan olarak siklikla kullanilir. Buhar sikistirma döngüsü bir sogutma sisteminde sogutmayi veya isitmayi saglamak için en çok kullanilan yöntem biçimlerinden birisidir. Buhar sikistirma döngüsü genelde görece düsük bir basinçta isi emilimi araciligiyla sogutucunun asama degisimini sividan buhara dogru ve sonrasinda görece bir düsük basinç ve sicaklikta isi çekisi ile buhardan sivi asamaya dogru, buhari görece bir arttirilmis basinçla sikistirarak, bu görece arttirilmis basinç ve sicaklikta isi çekisi yoluyla buhari siviya dogru yogunlastirarak ve sonrasinda döngüyü tekrar bastan baslatmak için basinci azaltarak gerçeklestirilmesini içerir.
Sogutucunun önde gelen amaci görece bir düsük sicaklikta isiyi bir nesneden veya diger akiskandan kaldirmakken, bir isi pompasinin önde gelen amaci çevreye göre daha yüksek bir sicaklikta isiyi eklemektir.
Bazi florkarbonlar bir çok uygulamada yillar boyunca sogutucular gibi bir çok isi degisim akiskanlarinda tercih edilen bir bilesendir. Kloroflormetan ve klorofloretan türevleri gibi floralkanlar örnek olarak kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerinin essiz bilesimi sayesinde havalandirma ve isi pompalari uygulamalarini içeren uygulamalarda sogutucular olarak yaygin bir kullanim elde ettiler. Genelde buhar sikistirma sistemlerinde kullanilan sogutucularin bir çogu ya tekil akiskan bilesenleri ya da azeotropik karisimlardir.
Dünyanin atmosferine ve iklimine olasi zararlar hakkinda endiseler son yillarda artmistir ve bazi klorin temelli bilesikler bu minvalde özellikle sorunlu olarak tesbit edilmislerdir. Havalandirma ve sogutma sistemlerinde sogutucular olarak klorin içeren bilesimlerin (örnek olarak kloroflorkarbonlar (CFCIer), hidrokloroflorkarbonlar (HCPCIer) ve benzerleri) bu gibi bilesiklerin bir çoguyla ilintilendirilen ozon tüketici özellikleri nedeniyle tercih edilmemistir. Dolayisiyla, sogutma ve isi pompasi uygulamalari için alternatif öneren yeni florkarbon ve hidroflorkarbon bilesikleri ve bilesimleri için gittikçe artan bir ihtiyaç vardir. Örnek olarak, hidroflorkarbonlar (HFCIer) gibi ozon tabakasini tüketmeyecek klorin olmayan-içermeyen sogutucu bilesikleri ile klorin içeren sogutuculari degistirerek klorin içeren sogutma sistemlerini güçlendirmek istenir hale gelmistir.
Ancak herhangi bir potansiyel yedek sogutucunun ayni zamanda diger bir çok seyin yani sira mükemmel sicaklik transferi teklifleri, kimyasal istikrar, düsük veya hiç toksik barindirmamak, tutusamazlik ve yag uyumlulugu gibi bir çok yaygin sekilde kullanilan akiskan mevcut bulunan bu özelliklere sahip olmasinin genelde önemli oldugu düsünülür.
Bir çok uygulamada yag uyumlulugunun özellikle önemli oldugunu uygulayicilar takdir etmistir. Daha da önemlisi, sogutucu akiskanlarin bir çok sogutucu sisteminde kullanilan sikistirma biriminde kullanilan yag ile uyumlu olmasi hayli istenir. Maalesef, bir çok klorin içermeyen sogutucu akiskanlari, HFCIeri de içeren, örnek olarak mineral yaglar, alkilbenzenler veya poli(alfa-olefinler) içeren CFCler ve HFCIer ile birlikte geleneksel olarak kullanilan yag çesitlerinde görece çözünemez ve/veya karisamaz haldedirler. Bir sogutucu akiskan-yag bilesiminin bir sikistirma sogutucusunda, havalandirma ve/veya isi pompasi sisteminde etkili bir sekilde istenen bir seviyede çalismasi için, yag genis bir çalisma sicakligi araliginda sogutucu akiskanda yeterli derecede çözülebilir olmalidir. Bu gibi bir çözünürlük yagin akismazligini düsürür ve sistem boyunca daha kolay akmasina mahal verir. Bu gibi bir çözünürlügün yoklugunda, yaglar sistemin diger parçalari kadar sogutucunun, havalandirmanin veya isi pompasi sisteminin buharlastiricisinin bobinlerinde takilmaya meyillidir ve böylelikle sistem etkinligini azaltir.
Kullanim etkinligiyle ilgili olarak sogutucu termodinamik performans veya enerji etkinligindeki bir azalmanin elektrik enerjisi için gittikçe artan talepten kaynakli arttirilmis fosil yakiti kullanimi nedeniyle ikincil çevresel etkilerine sebep olabilecegini not etmek önemlidir.
Ayrica, CFC sogutucu yedeklerinin halihazirda CFC sogutuculari ile kullanilan geleneksel buhar sikistirma teknolojisinde önemli mühendislik degisimleri olmadan etkili olmasinin genelde arzu edilebilir oldugu düsünülür.
Bir çok uygulama için yanabilirlik bir diger önemli özelliktir. Bir baska deyisle, birçok uygulamada, özellikle isi transfer uygulamalarini içerecek sekilde, yanmayan bilesimleri kullanmanin önemli ya da temel oldugu düsünülür. Dolayisiyla, bu gibi bilesimlerde yanmayan bilesikler kullanmak siklikla yararli olur. Burada kullanildigi sekliyle, “yanmayan" terimi buraya referans verilerek dahil edilmis 2002 tarihli ASTM standard E-681'e uygun olarak yanmayanlar seklinde belirlenmis bilesik veya bilesimlere göndermede bulunur. Maalesef, diger türlü sogutucu bilesimlerinde kullanilmak istenebilecek bir çok HFC yanmayan degildir. Örnek olarak, floralkan yanabilirdir ve dolayisiyla bir çok uygulamada kullanilmak için uygun degildir.
Daha yüksek floralkanlar, bir baska deyisle en faz bes karbon atomuna sahip florin- degisimli alkanlar, sogutucular olarak kullanilmasi önerilmistir. ABD Patent No. 4,788,352-Smutny en azindan bir ölçekte doymus olan florlanmis 05 ila Ca bilesiklerinin üretimine yönlendirilir. Smutny patenti çesitli kimyasal tepkimelerde sogutucular, ilaçlar, yalitkan madde akiskanlari, isi transferi akiskanlari çözücüler, ve ara ürünler olarak kullanilabilirlige sahip oldugu bilinen bu gibi yüksek olefinleri tanimlar (bakiniz sütun 1, Smutny”de tariflenmis florlanmis olefinler isi transfer uygulamalarinda bir dereceye kadar etkililigi varken, bu gibi bilesiklerin ayni zamanda bazi dezavantajlari da olduguna inanilir. Örnek olarak, bu bilesiklerin bazilari akrilik reçineler ve ABS reçineleri gibi alt katmanlara, özellikle genel amaçli plastiklere saldirmaya meyli vardir.
Dahasi, Smutny'de tarif edilen yüksek olefinli bilesikler Smutny'de not edilen ilaç aktivitesinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çikabilen bu gibi bilesiklerin olasi toksiklik dereceleri yüzünden bazi uygulamalarda istenmeyebilir. Ayrica, bu gibi bilesikler bazi uygulamalarda bir sogutucu olarak kendilerini kullanilisli kilmak için çok yüksek olan bir kaynama noktasina sahip olabilir.
Bromflormetan ve bromklorflor metan türevleri, özellikle bromotriflormetan (Halon 1301) ve bromkiorodiflormetan (Halon 1211) uçak kabinleri ve bilgisayar odalari gibi kapali alanlarda ates söndürücü maddeler olarak yaygin bir kullanim edinmistir. Ancak, çesitli halonlarin kullanimi kendilerinin yüksek ozon tüketimine bagli olarak asamali biçimde azaltilmistir. Dahasi, halonlar insanlarin mevcut oldugu alanlarda siklikla kullanildigindan, uygun degisimler atesi bastirmak veya söndürmek için gerekli yogunluklarda insanlar için emniyetli de olmak zorundadir.
JP 04 110 388 A, isi pompalari ve isi motorlarina yönelik uygun olan isi transferi amaçlarinda kullanima yönelik isi transfer ortamini açiklar. Açiklanan bulus, m'nin 1 ila arasinda oldugu ve m + n = 6 oldugu moleküler formül C3HmFn araciligiyla temsil edilebilen ve moleküler yapisinda bir çift baga sahip olan bir organik bilesik içeren bir isi transfer ortamidir.
US 6,111,150 bir köpük ajani, bir sogutucu ve benzeri olarak faydali oldugu söylenilen bir florlanmis alkan, diger bir deyisle 1,1,1,3,3-pentafl0ropr0pan üretilmesine yönelik bir yöntemi açiklar. Yöntem, bir hidrohalojenleme katalizörü varliginda bir sivi faz içinde 1,1,1,3,3-pentafl0ropropene hidrojen floridin eklenmesinin bir adimini içerir. Tibbi ilaçlarin, tarimsal kimyasallarin bir ara ürünü olarak ve fonksiyonel materyaller olarak ve bir sogutucu ve benzeri olarak faydali oldugu söylenen 1,3,3,3-tetrafloropropenin olusturulmasina yönelik bir yöntem ayrica açiklanir.
REFRIGERANTS CONFERENCE, October 1997, pages 38-34, araba havalandirma sistemlerinde 1,2,2,2-tetrafl0r0etan (R-134a) kullanimini açiklar. Ozon Tabakasini tüketen maddeler hakkinda Montreal Protokolü, Sogutma, Havalandirma ve Isi Pompalari Teknik Seçenekler Komitesinin UNEP 2002 Raporu, sogutma, havalandirma ve isi pompasi endüstrisinin durumunu özetler.
BULUSUN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Mevcut bulus, asagidaki bir Formül (II) bilesiginin en az agirlikça %50”sini içeren bir bilesimin, bir otomotiv havalandirma sisteminde bir sogutucu olarak kullanimini saglar: burada her bir R bagimsiz olarak CI, F, Br, I veya H'dir R' (CR2)n Y'dir, Y CRF2”dir; ve n 0 veya 1'dir, bunun kosulu kullanimin bir oto HVAC sisteminde 1,1- difloroetan, trans-1,1,1,3-tetraflor0pr0pen ve trifloroiyodometan içeren azeotrop- benzeri bir bilesim olmamasidir.
Oldukça tercih edilen düzenlemelerde Y, CFg'tür, n O'dir ve geri kalan R'Ierden en az Basvuru sahipleri, oldukça düsük bir toksisite seviyesinin Formül (II) bilesikleri ile iliskili olduguna inanir, tercihen burada Y, CFg'tür, burada doymamis uç karbondaki en az bir R, h'dir ve geri kalan R'Ierden en az biri F'dir. Basvuru sahipleri ayrica bu tür bilesiklerin tüm yapisal, geometrik ve stereoizomerlerinin etkili ve faydali olarak düsük toksisiteye sahip olduguna inanir.
Oldukça tercih edilen düzenlemelerde, özellikle yukarida açiklanan düsük toksisiteli bilesikleri içeren düzenlemelere n, Oidir. Burada "HPG-1234" terimi tüm tetrafloropropenleri refere etmek üzere kullanilir. Tetrafloropropenler arasinda, cis- ve 1234ze terimi, burada ayni tarafta veya diger tarafta biçiminde olup olmadigindan bagimsiz olarak 1,3,3,3-tetraflorpr0pene jenerik olarak göndermede bulunur. Burada tetraflorpropenin ayni tarafta ve diger tarafta biçimlerini tarif eder. Bu anlamda “HFO- bilesimleri ve karisimlarini içerir.
Her ne kadar cisHFO-1234z ve transHFO-1234ze'nin özellikleri en azindan bazi örneklerde farklilik gösterse de, bu bilesiklerin her birinin burada açiklanan kullanim ile baglantili olan, yalniz veya stereoizomerini içeren diger bilesiklerle yalniz birlikte olarak, kullanim için uygulanabilir oldugu tasarlanir. Örnegin, nispeten düsük kaynama noktasi (-19°C) nedeniyle belirli sogutma sistemlerinde kullanima yönelik olarak transHFO- 1234ze tercih edilebilirken, buna karsin +9°C`Iik bir kaynama noktasina sahip cisHFO- 1234ze'nin, ayrica belirli sogutma sistemlerinde kullanilabilirlige sahip oldugu düsünülür. Dolayisiyla, "HFO-1234ze" and 1, 3, 3, 3-tetraflor0propen terimlerinin, stereo izomerlerin her ikisine refere ettigi anlasilacaktir ve bu terimin kullanilmasi, yan- ve karsi- formlarin her birinin, aksi belirtilmedikçe, belirtilen amaca yönelik uygulamasi ve/veya yararli olmasini hedefler.
HFO-1234 bilesikleri bilinen maddelerdir ve Chemical Abstracts veri tabanlarinda listelenir. Çesitli doymus ve doymamis halojen içeren 03 bilesiklerinin katalitik buhar asamasi florlesmesi yoluyla CF3CH=CH2 gibi florpropenlerin üretimi ABD Patent No pentaflorpropeni (HFC-245fa) yükseltilmis sicaklikta buharlasma asamasinda bir krom temelli katalizör veya akiskan asamada KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 ya da Mg(OH)2 alkollü çözelti ile temas ettirerek 1,1,1,3-tetrafl0rpropenin hazirlanisini gösterir. Ilaveten, mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesikler üretmenin yöntemleri burada ayrica referans gösterilerek içerilen (HOOO3789 (26267)) temsilci esas numarasini tasiyan Uygulamasi ile baglantili olarak genelde tanimlanir.
Mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimlerin, özellikle HFO- 1234ze içerenlerin, birçok önemli nedene yönelik avantajli olan özelliklere sahip olduguna inanilir.
HFO-1234ze içeren mevcut bilesimlerin önemli bir takim nedenlerden dolayi avantajli olan özelliklere sahip olduguna inanilir. Örnek olarak uygulayicilar, en azindan kismen matematik modellemelere dayanarak, mevcut bulusta kullanilan floroolefinlerin bazi diger halojenlenmis türler ile karsilastirildiginda ozon tüketimine göz ardi edilebilir katkilar yaptiklarindan dolayi atmosferik kimyada önemli bir olumsuz etkene sahip olmayacagina inanirlar. Dolayisiyla mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik olarak tercih edilen bilesimleri ozon tüketimine ciddi sekilde katkida bulunmamak gibi bir avantaja sahiptir. Mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik tercih edilen bilesimler ayrica halen kullanimda olan hidrofloralkanlarin bir çoguyla karsilastirildiginda küresel isinmaya ciddi katkida bulunmazlar.
Bazi tercih edilen biçimlerde, mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimler 1000'den büyük olmayan, daha da tercihen 500'den daha büyük olmayan, ve hatta daha da tercihen sahiptir.
Bazi uygulamalarda, bulusta kullanima yönelik mevcut bilesimlerin GWP'si 100'den ve hatta daha da tercihen 75'den daha büyük degildir. Burada kullanildigi gibi, “GWP” Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project,“de tanimlandigi gibi karbondiyoksidinine görece olarak ve bir 100 yillik zaman dilimi üzerinden ölçülür.
Mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik sogutma bilesimleri, bilesimin agirlikla en az %50'si ve hatta agirlikla daha da tercihen en az %70'i miktarinda Formül (II) dogrultusunda bilesik(leri) ve daha tercihen HFO-1234ze içerir. Bir çok uygulamada, mevcut bulusun isi transfer bilesimleri transHFO1234ze içermesi tercih edilir. Bazi tercih edilen uygulamalarda, mevcut bulusun isi transfer bilesimleri 1:99 ila 10:99, daha tercihen cisHFO-1234ze ve transHFO-1234ze kombinasyonu içerir.
Mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimler bilesime belirli bir islevsellik kazandirmak veya bu islevselligi gelistirmek veya bazi durumlarda bilesimin maliyetini düsürmek amaci için diger bilesenleri de içerebilir. Örnek olarak, mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik sogutucu bilesimleri, bilesimin genelde agirlik olarak yüzde 30 ila yüzde 50isi miktarinda bir yag içerir. Dahasi, bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimler yagin uyumlulugu ve/veya çözünürlügüne yardim etmek için propan gibi bir uyumlulastirici da içerebilir.
Bu gibi uyumlastiricilar, propani, butanlari ve pentanlari da içerecek sekilde, bilesimin agirligina göre tercihen yüzde 0.5 ila yüzde 5 miktarinda mevcuttur. Yüzey etkin maddelerin ve çözünebilir maddelerin bilesimleri ABD Patent No. 6,516,837'de gösterildigi gibi yag çözünürlügünü gelistirmek için mevcut bilesimlere ayrica eklenebilir. Sogutma makinesinde hidroflorkarbon (HFC) sogutuculari ile birlikte kullanilan Poliol Esterleri (POEIer) ve Poli Alkilen Glikoller (PAGIer), silikon yag, mineral yag, alkil benzenler (ABler) ve poli (alfa-olefin) (PAO) gibi genelde kullanilan sogutucu yaglar mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimler ile birlikte kullanilabilir.
Bir çok mevcut sogutucu sistemler mevcut sogutucular ile baglanti halinde kullanim için son zamanlarda ayarlanmistir ve mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimlerin bir sistem düzeltmesi ile olsun ya da olmasin kullanim için ayarlanabilir olduguna inanilir.
Mevcut bulusta kullanilan bilesimler görece yüksek bir kapasiteye sahip olan sogutuculara mevcut durumda dayanan sistemlerde bir yedek olarak bir avantaj saglayabilir. Dahasi, daha düsük bir kapasiteli sogutucu bilesimin kullanilmasinin arzu edildigi uygulamalarda örnek olarak maliyetler nedeniyle yüksek kapasiteli bir sogutucuyu degistirmek için bulusta kullanima yönelik bilesimler potansiyel bir avantaj saglar. Dolayisiyla, bazi uygulamalarda mevcut bulusun bilesimlerini kullanmak, özellikle bunlarin önemli bir oranini içeren bilesimlerini, ve bazi temelde transHFO- 1234ze içeren uygulamalarda HFC-134a gibi mevcut sogutucular için bir yedek olarak kullanmak tercih edilir. Bazi uygulamalarda, mevcut bulusta kullanilan sogutucular potansiyel olarak daha büyük yer degistirme kompresörlerinin yararli kullanimina izin verir, böylece HFC-134a gibi diger sogutuculardan daha iyi enerji etkinligine neden olur. Bu anlamda mevcut bulusta kullanima yönelik sogutucu bilesenleri, özellikle transHFP-1234ze içeren bilesimleri, sogutucu degistirme uygulamalarinda bir enerji temeli için rekabetçi bir avantaji elde etmenin olasiligini saglar. ÖRNEKLER REFERANS ÖRNEK Etkinlik katsayisi (COP) sogutucu performansinin evrensel olarak kabul edilmis bir ölçüsü olup, özellikle sogutucunun buharlasmasini ya da yogunlasmasini içeren bir özgül isitma ya da sogutma döngüsünde bir sogutucunun görece termodinamik etkinliginin temsil etmede kullanislidir. Sogutucu mühendisliginde, bu terim buhari sikistirmada kompresör tarafindan uygulanan enerjiye kullanisli sogutucunun oranini ifade eder. Bir sogutucunun kapasitesi sagladigi sogutmanin ya da isitmanin miktarini temsil eder ve sogutucunun bir verili hacimsel akis orani için isini miktarini pompalamak üzere bir kompresörün yararliliginin bir takim ölçülerini saglar. Bir diger deyisle, verili bir özgül kompresörde yüksek kapasiteli bir sogutucu daha fazla isitma veya sogutma gücü verecektir. Özgül çalisma kosullarinda bir sogutucunun COP*unu tahmin etmek için bir araç standard sogutucu döngüsü analiz tekniklerini kullanan sogutucunun termodinamik özelliklerindendir (örnek olarak bakiniz R.C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, Bölüm 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988).
Bir sogutucu/havalandirma döngü sistemi yaklasik 10°C (50°F) bir kompresör giris sicakligi ile birlikte nominal olarak es entropili sikistirma altinda yaklasik 66°C (150°F) yogunlasma sicakliginin ve yaklasik -37°C (-35°F) buharlasma sicakliginin oldugu yerde saglanir. COP bir yogunlastirici ve buharlastirici sicakliklar ölçegi üzerinde. ve Tablo I'de rapor edilen bir bosaltma sicakligina sahip olan HFC-134a'ya dayanarak mevcut bulusun çesitli bilesimleri için belirlenir.
TABLOI SOGUTUCU Görece Görece BOSALTMA SICAKLIGI °C BILESIMI COP KAPASITE (°F) Bu örnek mevcut bilesimler ile kullanima yönelik tercih edilenleri bazilarinin, HFC- sahip oldugunu gösterir ve mevcut sogutucu bilesimlerini kullanan kompresör bu gibi bir sonuç azaltilmis tamir sorunlarina muhtemelen yol açacagi için avantajli olan 68°C (155°F)) üretecektir.
REFERANS ÖRNEK 2 Çesitli sogutucu yaglari ile HFO-1225ye ve HFO-1234ze'nin karisirligi test edilir. Test edilmis yaglar mineral yag (C3), alkil benzen (Zerol 150), ester yag (Mobil EAL 22 cc ve Solest ve bir poli(alfa0lefin) yag (CP-6005-100)'dür. Her bir sogutucu/yag bilesimi için, üç bilesim, adli adinca yagin yüzde 5, 20 ve 50 agirliklari test edilen mevcut bulusun bilesenleri olarak her birinin dengesiyle birlikte test edilir.
Yag bilesimleri kalin duvarli cam tüplere yerlestirilir. Tüpler bosaltilir, mevcut bulusa göre sogutucu bilesik eklenir ve sonrasinda tüpler mühürlenir. Akabinde tüpler sicakligi yaklasik -50°C ila 70°C arasinda degisen hava banyosu çevresel çembere konulur.
Kabaca 10°C civarinda tüp içeriginin görsel gözlemi bir veya daha fazla akiskan asamasinin varligi için yapilir. Birden fazla akiskan asamasinin gözlemlendigi bir durumda karisim karismaz olarak rapor edilir. Iki akiskan asamanin gözlendigi, ancak akiskan asamalardan birinin hayli küçük bir hacmi barindirdigi bu gibi durumlarda karisim kismen karisabilir olarak rapor edilir.
Polialkilin glikol ve ester petrol yaglari tüm sicaklik araligi üzerinden tüm test edilmis oranlarda karisabilir olarak degerlendirilmistir, polialkilen glikol ile HFO-1225ye karisimlarina yönelik olmanin disinda, sogutucu karisimin -50°C ila -30°C sicaklik araligi üzerinde birbirine karismaz sekilde ve -20'den 50°C'ye kadar kismin birbirine karismak olacak sekilde bulunmustur. Sogutucudaki PAG”nin agirlikça yüzde 50 konsantrasyonunda ve 60°”de, sogutucu/PAG karisimi birbirine karisma. 70°C”de sogutucudaki agirlikça yüzde 5 yaglayicidan, sogutucudaki agirlikça yüzde 50 yaglayiciya karistirilabilir.
REFERANS ÖRNEK 3 Burada açiklanan sogutucu bilesiklerin ve bilesimlerin, PAG yaglanan petrollerle uyumlulugu, sogutucu ve havalandirma sistemlerinde kullanilan metallerle temas halinde iken, bir çok sogutucu ve havalandirma uygulamalarinda bulunan kosullardan çok daha agirini temsil ederek 350°C'de test edilmistir.
Alüminyum, bakir ve çelik kuponlari kalin duvarli cam tüplere eklenir, iki gram petrol tüplere eklenir. Sonrasinda tüpler bosaltilir ve bir gram sogutucu eklenir. Tüpler bir hafta boyunca yaklasik 177°C (350°F) sicakliktaki bir firina koyulur ve görsel gözlemler yapilir. Maruz kalma süresinin sonunda, tüpler kaldirilir.
Bu prosedür petrolün müteakip bilesimleri ve mevcut bulusun bilesigi için yapildi: a) HFO-1234ze ve GM Goodwrench PAG petrol b) HFO1234 zf ve GM Goodwrench petrol PAG petrol c) HFO-1234ze ve MOPAR-56 PAG petrol d) HFO-1234 zf ve MOPAR-56 PAG petrol e) HFO-1225 ye ve MOPAR-Sö PAG petrol.
Her bir durumda, tüpün içeriginin görünüsünde çok ufak degisimler vardir. Burada açiklanan sogutucu bilesiklerin ve bilesimlerin, sogutucu ve havalandirma sistemlerinde bulunan alüminyum, çelik ve bakir ve bu gibi bilesimlerde içerilme ihtimali olan veya bu çesit sistemlerde bu gibi bilesimlerle birlikte kullanilan yaglama petrolünün çesitleri ile temas halinde iken istikrarli oldugunu gösterir.
KARSILASTIRMALI ÖRNEK Alüminyum, bakir ve çelik kuponlari mineral yagi ve CFC-12 ile birlikte kalin duvarli cam tüpe eklenir ve örnek 3'de oldugu gibi bir hafta boyunca 350°C'de isitilir. Maruz kalma süresinin sonunda tüp kaldirilir ve görsel gözlemler yapilir. Akiskan içeriginin tüpün içeriginin asiri çözülmesini göstererek siyaha dönüstügü gözlemlenir.
Simdiye kadar CFC-12 ve mineral yagi bir çok sogutucu sisteminde ve yönteminde bir tercihler bilesimi olmustu. Dolayisiyla, burada açiklanan sogutucu bilesikleri ve bilesimleri yaygin sekilde kullanilan önceki sogutucu-yaglayici petrol bilesimi tekniginden bir çok genelde kullanilan yaglayici petrolle birlikte daha önemli bir istikrar saglamistir.

Claims (1)

  1. ISTEMLER Bir otomotiv havalandirma sisteminde, bir formül (II) bilesiginin agirlikça en az burada her bir R bagimsiz olarak CI, F, Br, l veya H'dir; R', (CR2)n Y'dir, Y, CRFg'dir; ve n, 0 veya 1'dir, bunun kosulu kullanimin bir oto HVAC sisteminde 1,1-difl0roetan, trans-1,1,1,3-tetrafloropropen ve trifloroiyodometan içeren azeotrop-benzeri bir bilesim olmamasidir. Istem 1'e göre kullanim olup, özelligi Y'nin CF3, n'nin O ve geri kalan R'Ierden en az birinin F olmasidir. Istem 1'e göre kullanim olup, özelligi Y'nin CF3, doymamis uç karbondaki en az bir R'nin H ve geri kalan R'lerden en az birinin F olmasidir. Istem S'e göre kullanim olup, özelligi n'nin O olmasidir. Önceki herhangi bir isteme göre kullanim olup, özelligi söz konusu bilesimin 1000'den büyük olmayan, tercihen 500'den büyük olmayan, daha tercihen 150'den büyük olmayan, daha tercihen 100'den büyük olmayan, daha tercihen 75'ten büyük olmayan bir Küresel Isinma Potansiyeline (GWP) sahip olmasidir.
TR2018/19535T 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Florin ile sübstitüe edilen olefinleri içeren bileşimler. TR201819535T4 (tr)

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