RU2006130970A - Композиция, содержащая фторзамещенные олефины, и способы ее применения - Google Patents

Композиция, содержащая фторзамещенные олефины, и способы ее применения Download PDF

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RU2006130970A
RU2006130970A RU2006130970/04A RU2006130970A RU2006130970A RU 2006130970 A RU2006130970 A RU 2006130970A RU 2006130970/04 A RU2006130970/04 A RU 2006130970/04A RU 2006130970 A RU2006130970 A RU 2006130970A RU 2006130970 A RU2006130970 A RU 2006130970A
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composition
unsaturated
fluoroalkene
formula
carbon atom
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RU2435821C2 (ru
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Раджив Р. СИНГХ (US)
Раджив Р. СИНГХ
Ханг Т. ФАМ (US)
Ханг Т. ФАМ
Дейвид П. УИЛСОН (US)
Дейвид П. УИЛСОН
Рэймонд Х. ТОМАС (US)
Рэймонд Х. ТОМАС
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Ханивелл Интернэшнл, Инк. (Us)
Ханивелл Интернэшнл, Инк.
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Claims (42)

1. Композиция для передачи тепла, содержащая, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен, имеющий, по меньшей мере, четыре галогеновых заместителя и не содержащий бромистых заместителей, по меньшей мере, три из указанных галогеновых заместителей представляют собой фтор, причем фторалкен имеет формулу (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный радикал, и каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, при условии, что при ненасыщенном концевом атоме углерода имеется не больше одного атома фтора, а при условии, что, когда указанное соединение содержит четыре F заместителя и имеет, по меньшей мере, один ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода, тогда при ненасыщенном концевом атоме углерода отсутствует атом F.
2. Композиция по п.1, имеющая потенциал глобального потепления (ПГП) не больше, чем приблизительно 1000.
3. Композиция для передачи тепла по п.1, в которой указанный, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен имеет формулу (2)
Figure 00000002
где каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н;
R' означает группу [CR2]nY,
Y означает CRF2;
n означает 0 или 1.
4. Композиция по п.3, в которой указанный, по меньшей мере, один HFO-1234 содержит HFO-1234уf.
5. Композиция по п.2, содержащая, по меньшей мере, приблизительно 50% фторалкена формулы (2) от массы указанной композиции.
6. Композиция по п.1, содержащая приблизительно от 5 до 99 мас.% HFO-1234уf.
7. Композиция по п.1, содержащая приблизительно от больше чем следовые количества до менее 100 мас.% указанного соединения формулы (1).
8. Композиция по п.7, содержащая приблизительно от 5 до 95 мас.% HFO-1234уf.
9. Композиция по п.1, которая дополнительно содержит одно или несколько соединений, которые выбирают из группы, состоящей из дифторметана (HFC-32), пентафторэтана (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-тетрафторэтана (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-тетрафторэтана (HFC-134a), дифторэтана (HFC-152a), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-гептафторпропана (HFC-227ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-гексафторпропана (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,3,3-пентафторпропана (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3-пентафторбутана (HFC-365mfc), воды, диоксида углерода и смеси двух или более этих компонентов.
10. Композиция по п.1, которая дополнительно содержит одно или несколько смазывающих масел в количестве приблизительно от 30 до 50% от массы композиции.
11. Композиция по п.1, которая дополнительно содержит один или несколько пламегасителей.
12. Композиция для передачи тепла по п.11, в которой пламегаситель содержит CF3I.
13. Способ замены существующего охлаждающего агента, содержащегося в системе охлаждения, который включает в себя удаление, по меньшей мере, части охлаждающего агента из системы и замену, по меньшей мере, части охлаждающего агента путем введения в композицию охлаждающего агента, содержащей, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен, имеющий, по меньшей мере, четыре галогеновых заместителя и не содержащий бромистых заместителей, по меньшей мере, три из указанных галогеновых заместителей представляют собой фтор, причем фторалкен имеет формулу (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный радикал, и каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, при условии, что, когда имеется ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода, тогда имеется не больше одного атома фтора при ненасыщенном концевом атоме углерода, и при условии, что, когда фторалкен содержит четыре F заместителя и имеет, по меньшей мере, один ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода, тогда при ненасыщенном концевом атоме углерода отсутствует атом F.
14. Способ по п.13, в котором охлаждающий агент содержит HFC-134a.
15. Способ по п.14, в котором охлаждающий агент содержит R-12.
16. Способ по п.15, в котором охлаждающий агент содержит R-500.
17. Способ по п.13, в котором система охлаждения представляет собой систему быстрого охлаждения, используемую в промышленной системе кондиционирования воздуха.
18. Способ по п.13, в котором система охлаждения представляет собой систему быстрого охлаждения, используемую в системе кондиционирования воздуха жилых помещений.
19. Способ по п.15, в котором охлаждающий агент содержит приблизительно от 5 до 95 мас.% HFO-1234ze.
20. Способ по п.15, в котором охлаждающий агент содержит приблизительно от 5 до 95 мас.% HFO-1234уf.
21. Способ передачи тепла в текучую среду или изделие или из текучей среды или изделия, который заключаются в контактировании среды или изделия с композицией, содержащей, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен, имеющий, по меньшей мере, четыре галогеновых заместителя и не содержащий бромистых заместителей, причем, по меньшей мере, три из галогеновых заместителей представляют собой фтор и, по меньшей мере, один из галогеновых заместителей находится при ненасыщенном, не концевом атоме углерода, причем фторалкен имеет формулу (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный радикал, имеющий, по меньшей мере, один фтористый заместитель, и каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, I или Н, при условии, что, когда имеется ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода, тогда указанный ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода имеет, по меньшей мере, один заместитель, который не является фтором, и z является числом от 1 до 3,
22. Способ по п.21, в котором указанная композиция имеет потенциал глобального потепления (ПГП) не больше, чем приблизительно 500.
23. Способ по п.21, в котором фторалкен формулы (1) содержит HFO-1234уf.
24. Способ по п.21, в котором стадия контактирования включает в себя циркуляцию указанной композиции в системе кондиционирования воздуха автомобиля.
25. Способ по п.21, в котором стадия контактирования включает в себя циркуляцию указанной композиции в промышленной системе охлаждения.
26. Способ по п.21, в котором стадия контактирования включает в себя циркуляцию указанной композиции в системе быстрого охлаждения.
27. Способ по п.21, в котором стадия контактирования включает в себя циркуляцию указанной композиции в системе бытовых холодильников и морозильников.
28. Способ по п.21, в котором стадия контактирования включает в себя циркуляцию указанной композиции в тепловых насосах.
29. Вспенивающаяся композиция, которая содержит вспенивающийся полимер или преполимер и пенообразователь, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен формулы (1)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой C2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный или незамещенный алкильный радикал, R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, причем пенообразователь имеет потенциал глобального потепления (ПГП) не больше, чем приблизительно 1000.
30. Пена, полученная из вспенивающейся композиции по п.29.
31. Композиция предварительной смеси пены, которая включает в себя полимер или преполимер и пенообразователь, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен формулы (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный или незамещенный алкильный радикал, каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, причем предварительная смесь пены имеет потенциал глобального потепления (ПГП) не больше, чем приблизительно 1000.
32. Композиция предварительной смеси пены по п.31, дополнительно содержащая пламегаситель.
33. Композиция, содержащая
a) по меньшей мере, один фторалкен формулы (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный или незамещенный алкильный радикал, каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3; и
b) по меньшей мере, один вспомогательный компонент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из предварительной смеси полиоловых компонентов, душистых веществ, вкусовых добавок и сочетаний из двух или более таких компонентов.
34. Композиция по п.33, имеющая потенциал глобального потепления (ПГП) не больше, чем приблизительно 1000.
35. Композиция для распыления, содержащая, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен формулы (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный или незамещенный алкильный радикал, R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, имеющая потенциал глобального потепления (ПГП) не больше, чем приблизительно 1000.
36. Способ экстракции вкусовых и душистых веществ из растительного материала, который включает в себя контактирование растительного материала с экстрагирующим агентом, содержащим, по меньшей мере, один фторалкен формулы (I)
Figure 00000001
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный или незамещенный алкильный радикал, R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или И, и z является числом от 1 до 3.
37. Способ по п.36, в котором экстрагирующий агент содержит HFO-1234.
38. Способ сверхкритической очистки, который включает в себя контактирование очищаемого изделия с композицией по п.1.
39. Способ сверхкритической очистки по п.38, в котором композиция по п.1 дополнительно содержит диоксид углерода.
40. Композиция, содержащая фторалкен, имеющий, по меньшей мере, 3 атома галогена, исключая бром, формулы (1)
Figure 00000003
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный радикал, и каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, при условии, что, когда в указанном соединении имеется, по меньшей мере, один ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода, тогда имеется не больше одного атома фтора при ненасыщенном концевом атоме углерода, причем указанное соединение присутствует в количестве, обеспечивающем потенциал ПГП меньше, чем 150.
41. Композиция, содержащая фторалкен, имеющий, по меньшей мере, 3 атома галогена (без брома), формулы (1)
Figure 00000003
где Х представляет собой С2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный радикал, R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, при условии, что, когда в указанном соединении имеется, по меньшей мере, один ненасыщенный концевой атом углерода, тогда имеется не больше одного атома фтора при ненасыщенном концевом атоме углерода, причем указанное соединение присутствует в количестве, обеспечивающем потенциал ПРО меньше, чем 0,05.
42. Композиция, содержащая а) фторалкен, имеющий, по меньшей мере, 3 атома галогена, исключая бром, формулы (1)
Figure 00000003
где Х представляет собой C2 или С3 ненасыщенный, замещенный радикал, и каждый R представляет собой независимо Cl, F, Br, I или Н, и z является числом от 1 до 3, причем указанная композиция не обладает существенной острой токсичностью.
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