ES2551936T3 - Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor - Google Patents

Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2551936T3
ES2551936T3 ES10011630.0T ES10011630T ES2551936T3 ES 2551936 T3 ES2551936 T3 ES 2551936T3 ES 10011630 T ES10011630 T ES 10011630T ES 2551936 T3 ES2551936 T3 ES 2551936T3
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hfo
foam
tubes
oil
trans
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ES2551936T5 (es
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Hang T. Pham
Rajiv R. Singh
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
    • A23L27/202—Aliphatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
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    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
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    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • B01J37/031—Precipitation
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

Uso como un propelente de una composición que comprende trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (trans-HFO- 1234ze), con la condición de que la composición no se seleccione de cualquiera de: una composición de tipo azeótropo que comprende un pentafluoropropeno (HFO-1225) y trans-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropeno (trans-HFO-1234ze); una composición de tipo azeótropo que comprende trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (trans-HFO-1234ze) y CF3I; y una composición de tipo azeótropo que comprende trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (trans-HFO-1234ze), 1,1- difluoroetano (HFC-152a) y CF3I.

Description

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E10011630
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Este ejemplo demuestra que determinados compuestos preferidos para su uso con las presentes composiciones tienen cada uno una mejor eficiencia energética que HFC-134a (1,02, 1,04 y 1,13 en comparación con 1,00) y el compresor utilizando las presentes composiciones refrigerantes producirá temperaturas de descarga (158 (70ºC), 165 (73,8ºC) y 155 (68,3ºC) en comparación con 175 (79,4ºC)), lo cual es ventajoso puesto que es probable que un resultado de este tipo conduzca a problemas de mantenimiento reducidos.
EJEMPLO DE REFERENCIA 2
Se somete a ensayo la miscibilidad de HFO-1225ye y HFO-1234ze con diversos lubricantes de refrigeración. Los lubricantes sometidos a ensayo son aceite mineral (C3), alquil-benceno (Zerol 150), aceite éster (Mobil EAL 22 cc y Solest 120), aceite de polialquilenglicol (PAG) (Aceite de refrigeración Goodwrench para sistemas 134a) y un aceite de poli(alfa-olefina) (CP-6005-100). Para cada una de las combinaciones de refrigerante/aceite, se someten a ensayo tres composiciones, a saber 5, 20 y 50 por ciento en peso de lubricante, siendo el resto de cada una el compuesto de la presente invención que se está sometiendo a ensayo.
Las composiciones lubricantes se colocan en tubos de vidrio de paredes pesadas. Se hace el vacío en los tubos, se añade el compuesto refrigerante de acuerdo con la presente invención y los tubos se sellan. Los tubos se disponen entonces en una cámara ambiental con baño de aire, cuya temperatura es variada desde aproximadamente -50°C a 70°C. A intervalos de aproximadamente 10°C se realizan observaciones visuales de los contenidos de los tubos en cuanto a la existencia de una o más fases líquidas. En un caso en el que se observa más de una fase líquida, se reseña que la mezcla es inmiscible. En un caso en el que sólo se observa una fase líquida, se reseña que la mezcla es miscible. En aquellos casos en los que se observaron dos fases líquidas, pero con una de las fases líquidas ocupando solamente un volumen muy pequeño, se reseña que la mezcla es parcialmente miscible.
Los lubricantes de polialquilenglicol y aceite éster se consideraron miscibles en todas las proporciones ensayadas en todos los intervalos de temperatura, excepto que para las mezclas de HFO-1225ye con polialquilenglicol, se encontró que la mezcla de refrigerante era inmiscible en el intervalo de temperatura de -50°C a -30°C y era parcialmente miscible a lo largo de -20 a 50°C. A una concentración de 50 por ciento en peso del PAG en refrigerante y a 60°, la mezcla de refrigerante/PAG era miscible. A 70°C era miscible desde 5 por ciento en peso de lubricante en el refrigerante a 50 por ciento en peso de lubricante en el refrigerante.
EJEMPLO DE REFERENCIA 3
La compatibilidad de los compuestos y composiciones refrigerantes de la presente invención con aceites lubricantes de PAG mientras está en contacto con metales utilizados en sistemas de refrigeración y aire acondicionado se somete a ensayo a 350°C, lo que representa unas condiciones mucho más rigurosas que las que se encuentran en muchas aplicaciones de refrigeración y aire acondicionado.
Cupones de aluminio, cobre y acero se añaden a tubos de vidrio de pared gruesa. Se añaden dos gramos de aceite a los tubos. Se hace luego el vacío en los tubos y se añade un gramo de refrigerante. Los tubos se ponen en un horno a 350°F (176,6ºC) durante una semana y se realizan observaciones visuales. Al final del período de exposición, se retiran los tubos
Este procedimiento se realiza para las siguientes combinaciones de aceite y el compuesto de la presente invención:
a) HFO-1234ze y aceite de PAG GM Goodwrench
b) HFO1243zf y aceite de PAG GM Goodwrench
c) HFO-1234ze y aceite de PAG MOPAR-56
d) HFO-1243zf y aceite de PAG MOPAR-56
e) HFO-1225ye y aceite de PAG MOPAR-56
En todos los casos, existe un cambio mínimo en el aspecto de los contenidos del tubo. Esto indica que los compuestos y composiciones refrigerantes de la presente invención son estables en contacto con el aluminio, el acero y el cobre encontrados en los sistemas de refrigeración y aire acondicionado, y los tipos de aceites lubricantes que puedan ser incluidos en tales composiciones o se utilizan con tales composiciones en estos tipos de sistemas.
EJEMPLO DE REFERENCIA 4 -ESPUMA DE POLIOL
Este ejemplo ilustra el uso de agente de soplado de acuerdo con una de las formas de realización preferidas de la
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presente invención, a saber, el uso de HFO-1234ze, y la producción de espumas de poliol de acuerdo con la presente invención. Los componentes de una formulación de espuma de poliol se preparan de acuerdo con la siguiente tabla:
Componente de Poliol * Partes en peso
5 Voranol 490 50
Voranol 391 50
Agua 0,5
B-8462 (tensioactivo) 2,0
Polycat 8 0,3
10 Polycat 41 3,0
HFO-1234ze 35
Total 140,8
Isocianato
M-20S 123.8 Índice 1,10
15 * Voranol 490 es un poliol basado en sacarosa y Voranol 391 es un poliol basado en toluendiamina, y cada uno son de Dow Chemical. B-8462 es un tensioactivo disponible de Degussa-Goldschmidt. Los catalizadores Polycat están basados en amina terciaria y están disponibles de Air Products. Isocianato M-20S es un producto de Bayer LLC.
20 La espuma se prepara mezclando primero los ingredientes de la misma, pero sin la adición de agente de soplado. Dos tubos de Fisher-Porter se llenan cada uno con aproximadamente 52,6 gramos de la mezcla de polioles (sin agente de soplado) y se sellan y colocan en un refrigerador para enfriar y formar un ligero vacío. Utilizando buretas de gas, se añaden aproximadamente 17,4 gramos de HFO-1234ze a cada uno de los tubos y los tubos se colocan después en un baño de ultrasonidos en agua caliente y se deja reposar durante 30 minutos. La disolución producida
25 es nebulosa, una medición de la presión de vapor a temperatura ambiente indica una presión de vapor de aproximadamente 70 psig (4,8 bares), lo que indica que el agente de expansión no está en disolución. Los tubos se colocan entonces en un congelador a 27°F (-2,7ºC) durante 2 horas. Se mide de nuevo la presión de vapor y se encontró que 14 psig (0,96 bares). La mezcla de isocianato, aproximadamente 87,9 gramos, se coloca en un recipiente de metal y se coloca en un refrigerador y se deja enfriar a aproximadamente 50°F (10ºC). Los tubos de
30 poliol se abren a continuación y se pesan en un recipiente metálico de mezclado (se utilizan aproximadamente 100 gramos de mezcla de polioles). El isocianato procedente del contenedor de metal enfriado se vierte a continuación inmediatamente en el poliol y se mezcla con un mezclador de aire con dobles hélices a 3000 rpm durante 10 segundos. La mezcla inmediatamente comienza a formar espuma con la agitación y luego se vierte en una caja de 8x8x4 pulgadas (20x20x10 cm) y se deja que forme espuma. Debido a la espuma, no se puede medir un tiempo de
35 crema. La espuma tiene un tiempo de gelificación de 4 minutos y un tiempo exento de pegajosidad de 5 minutos. Se deja que la espuma cure durante dos días a temperatura ambiente.
La espuma se corta entonces a muestras adecuadas para la medición de las propiedades físicas y se encuentra que tiene una densidad de 2,14 pcf (16 kg/m3). Se miden los factores K y se encuentra que son como sigue:
Temperatura K, BTU In / Ft2 h °F (Kcal/(m h ºC))
40 40°F (4,4ºC) 0,1464 (0,018)
75°F (23,8ºC) 0,1640 (0,020)
110° (43,3ºC) 0,1808 (0,022)
EJEMPLO DE REFERENCIA 5 -ESPUMA DE POLIESTIRENO
Este ejemplo ilustra el uso de agente de soplado de acuerdo con dos formas de realización preferidas de la presente 45 invención, a saber, el uso de HFO-1234ze y HFO-1234-yf, y la producción de espuma de poliestireno. Se ha
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establecido un aparato de ensayo y el protocolo como una ayuda para determinar si un agente de soplado específico y el polímero son capaces de producir una espuma y la calidad de la espuma. Polímero molido (Poliestireno de Dow 685D) y agente de soplado que consiste esencialmente en HFO-1234ze se combinan en un recipiente. Un bosquejo del recipiente se ilustra más adelante. El volumen del recipiente es de 200 cm3 y está hecho de dos pestañas de
5 tubería y una tubería de acero inoxidable 40 programada a una sección de 2 pulgadas (5,08 cm) de diámetro y 4 pulgadas (10,16 cm) de largo (véase la Figura 1). El recipiente se coloca en un horno, con el ajuste de la temperatura desde aproximadamente 190ºF (87,7ºC) a aproximadamente 285°F (140,5ºC), preferiblemente para poliestireno a 265°F (129,4ºC), y permanece allí hasta que se alcance el equilibrio térmico.
Entonces se libera la presión en el recipiente, produciendo rápidamente un polímero espumado. El agente de
10 soplado plastifica el polímero a medida que se disuelve en él. La densidad resultante de las dos espumas, así producidas, utilizando este método se dan en la Tabla 1 y se representan gráficamente en la Figura 1 como la densidad de las espumas producidas utilizando trans-HFO-1234ze y HFO-1234yf. Los datos demuestran que el poliestireno de espuma se puede obtener de acuerdo con la presente invención. La temperatura del troquel para R1234ze con poliestireno es de aproximadamente 250°F (121,1ºC).
15 Tabla 1
Poliestireno de Dow 685D (densidad de la espuma (lb/ft3) (kg/m3)
T ºF (ºC)
TransHFO-1234ze HFO-1234yf
275 (135)
55,15 (883,42)
260 (126,6)
22,14 (354,65) 14,27 (228,58)
250 (121,1)
7,28 (116,61) 24,17 (387,17)
240 (115,5)
16,93 (271,19)
9

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ES10011630T 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Composición pulverizable que comprende una composición propelente que compende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234ze) y un material a pulverizar Active ES2551936T5 (es)

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ES09160311.8T Active ES2638296T3 (es) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor
ES10011630T Active ES2551936T5 (es) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Composición pulverizable que comprende una composición propelente que compende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234ze) y un material a pulverizar
ES18210883T Active ES2940070T3 (es) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Composiciones con HFO-1234ze y HFC-134a
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ES05744161T Active ES2306635T3 (es) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con fluor.
ES10011592T Active ES2752044T3 (es) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Uso de una composición de agente de soplado que comprende trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluropropeno (trans HFO-1234ze)
ES10011594T Active ES2773847T3 (es) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Uso de composiciones que comprenden trans-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropeno en una enfriadora
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