JPWO2015046467A1 - ポリペプチド異種多量体の製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリペプチド異種多量体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[1] a) 第1の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第1のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
b) 該第1の抗原結合活性と異なる第2の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
c) ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすことを可能にする還元条件下で、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
d) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含み、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域において、
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 357 位および 370位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
に示すアミノ酸残基の組から選択される1組ないし3組のアミノ酸残基が同種の電荷を有し、
前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域及び前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の両方において、前記(1)〜(3)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のうち同じ組のアミノ酸残基がそれぞれ同種の電荷を有する場合、前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基が、前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基とは反対の電荷を有する、
異種多量体を製造するための方法。
[2] [1]の段階a)において、第1のポリペプチドと多量体を形成する第3のポリペプチドを提供する段階を含み、かつ段階b)において、第2のポリペプチドと多量体を形成する第4のポリペプチドを提供する段階を含む、[1]記載の製造方法。
[3] 前記同種の電荷を有するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(A)または(B)いずれかの群に含まれる1つ以上のアミノ酸残基から選択される、[1]または[2]に記載の製造方法:
(A)グルタミン酸 (E)、アスパラギン酸 (D);
(B)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
[4] 第1及び第2のポリペプチドにおいてそれぞれ同種の電荷を有するアミノ酸残基の組が、以下の(1)〜(4)のいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基の組である、[1]〜[3]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法:
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 357 位および 370位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
(4)(i) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基、並びに
(ii) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基。
[5] 第1及び第2のポリペプチドにおいてそれぞれ同種の電荷を有するアミノ酸残基の組が、以下の組のアミノ酸残基の組である、[1]〜[4]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法:
(i) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基、並びに
(ii) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基。
[6] 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の安定性が不安定になるようにアミノ酸が改変されている、[1]〜[5]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[7] 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる397位及び/又は392位のアミノ酸が改変されている、[1]〜[6]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[8] 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域がIgG1、IgG2、IgG3又はIgG4タイプである、[1]〜[7]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[9] 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域がマウス由来のFc領域である、[1]〜[7]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[10] 前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域において、
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 360 位および 371位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
に示すアミノ酸残基の組から選択される1組ないし3組のアミノ酸残基が同種の電荷を有し、
前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域及び前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の両方において、前記(1)〜(3)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のうち同じ組のアミノ酸残基がそれぞれ同種の電荷を有する場合、前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基が、前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基とは反対の電荷を有する、
[9]記載の異種多量体を製造するための方法。
[11] a) 第1の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第1のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
b) 該第1の抗原結合活性と異なる第2の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
c) ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすことを可能にする還元条件下で、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
d) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含み、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域におけるEUナンバリングによる397位及び/又は392位のアミノ酸が改変されている、
異種多量体を製造するための方法。
[12] 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、
EUナンバリングによる397位がMet(M)、Phe(F)若しくはTyr(Y)に改変されており、かつ/又は
EUナンバリングによる392位がAsp(D)、Glu(E)、Thr(T)、Val(V)若しくはIle(I)に改変されている
[1]〜[11]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[13] 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる397位がPhe(F)又はTyr(Y)に改変されている、[1]〜[12]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[14] 第1のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる356位がLys(K)に改変されておりかつEUナンバリングによる397位がPhe(F)又はTyr(Y)に改変されており、第2のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる397位がPhe(F)又はTyr(Y)に改変されておりかつEUナンバリングによる439位がGlu(E)に改変されている、[1]〜[13]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[15] 前記段階a)およびb)が、第一のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株と第二のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株を混合することにより実施され、前記段階c)が、当該培養上清中で実施される、[1]〜[14]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[16] 前記異種多量体が多重特異性抗体又はヘテロFc融合タンパク質である、[1]〜[15]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[17] 前記異種多量体が二重特異性抗体である、[1]〜[16]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[18] [1]又は[11]記載の段階c)が還元剤との接触を含む、[1]〜[17]のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
[19] 段階c)が、グルタチオン、L-システイン、ジチオスレイトール、β-メルカプト-エタノール、TCEPおよび2-MEAからなる群より選択される作用物質の添加を含む、[18]記載の製造方法。
[20] 段階c)が、グルタチオン、2-MEAより選択される作用物質の添加を含む、[19]記載の製造方法。
[21] [1]〜[20]のいずれか一項記載の方法によって製造された異種多量体。
[22] 二重特異性抗体である、[21]に記載の異種多量体。
[23] [21]または[22]に記載の異種多量体及び医薬的に許容される担体を含む組成物。
[24] 第1の抗原結合活性を有しかつ第1のFc領域を含む第1のポリペプチドと、該第1の抗原結合活性とは異なる第2の抗原結合活性を有しかつ第2のFc領域を含む第2のポリペプチドとを含む異種多量体であって、
該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を、ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすことを可能にする還元条件下で共にインキュベートすることによって該異種多量体が得られ、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域において、
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 357 位および 370位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
に示すアミノ酸残基の組から選択される1組ないし3組のアミノ酸残基が同種の電荷を有し、
前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域及び前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の両方において、前記(1)〜(3)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のうち同じ組のアミノ酸残基がそれぞれ同種の電荷を有する場合、前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基が、前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基とは反対の電荷を有し、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の安定性が不安定になるようにアミノ酸が改変されている、
前記異種多量体。
[25] a) 第1の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第1のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
b) 該第1の抗原結合活性と異なる第2の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
c) ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすことを可能にする還元条件下で、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
d) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含む方法によって製造された異種多量体であって、前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域において、
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 357 位および 370位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
に示すアミノ酸残基の組から選択される1組ないし3組のアミノ酸残基が同種の電荷を有し、
前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域及び前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の両方において、前記(1)〜(3)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のうち同じ組のアミノ酸残基がそれぞれ同種の電荷を有する場合、前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基が、前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基とは反対の電荷を有し、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の安定性が不安定になるようにアミノ酸が改変されている、
前記異種多量体。
本発明の方法を利用することにより、従来技術と比較して二重特異性抗体の精製の際の簡便さの向上やロット間の不均一性を可能な限り低減することが可能になった。
本発明の異種多量体の製造方法は、重鎖CH3領域のアミノ酸残基を改変することを特徴とする。これらの領域に本発明のアミノ酸残基の改変を導入することによって、ポリペプチド間の解離及び会合が促進され、従来技術と比較して効率よく所望の異種多量体を得る事が出来る。
本発明における「ポリペプチド」とは、アミノ酸配列中に重鎖Fc領域を含む、ポリペプチド(Fc領域含有ポリペプチド)およびタンパク質(Fc領域含有タンパク質)を指す。また、通常、生物由来のポリペプチドであるが、特に限定されず、例えば、人工的に設計された配列からなるポリペプチドであってもよい。また、天然ポリペプチド、あるいは合成ポリペプチド、組換えポリペプチド等のいずれであってもよい。さらに、上記のポリペプチドの断片もまた、本発明のポリペプチドに含まれる。
本発明のポリペプチド多量体においては、第1のポリペプチドと第2のポリペプチドは異なる抗原に対して結合活性を有することが好ましい。一方、第3のポリペプチドは、第1のポリペプチドや第2のポリペプチドのいずれか又は両方と同じ抗原に対して結合活性を有するポリペプチドであってもよい。あるいは、第1のポリペプチドや第2のポリペプチドとは異なる抗原に対して結合活性を有するポリペプチドであってもよい。また第4のポリペプチドは、第1のポリペプチドや第2のポリペプチドのいずれかと同じ抗原に対して結合活性を有するポリペプチドであってもよい。あるいは、第1のポリペプチドや第2のポリペプチドとは異なる抗原に対して結合活性を有するポリペプチドであってもよい。
Scaffoldとしては、少なくとも1つの抗原に結合することができる立体構造的に安定なポリペプチドであれば、どのようなポリペプチドであっても用いることができる。そのようなポリペプチドとしては、例えば、抗体可変領域断片、フィブロネクチン、Protein Aドメイン、LDL受容体Aドメイン、リポカリン等のほか、Nygrenら(Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 7:463-469(1997)、Journal of Immunol Methods, 290:3-28(2004))、Binzら(Nature Biotech 23:1257-1266(2005))、Hosseら(Protein Science 15:14-27(2006))に記載の分子が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
抗体の可変領域、レセプター、レセプターとFc領域の融合ペプチド、Scaffold及びこれらの断片の取得方法は当業者に周知である。領域のアミノ酸配列と抗体軽鎖定常領域のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドを用いることも出来る。
上記方法の好ましい態様においては、本発明は、2種以上の多量体を形成し得る異種多量体について、第1及び第2のポリペプチドのホモ体の解離を促進し、1種以上の多量体を形成するポリペプチド間の会合を制御するために、ポリペプチド間の界面を形成するアミノ酸残基を改変し、所望のポリペプチドのヘテロ体を製造する方法である。
また、本発明の第3の抗原結合活性を有するポリペプチド及び第4の抗原結合活性を有するポリペプチドは、抗体軽鎖定常領域のアミノ酸配列を含むことが出来る。抗体軽鎖定常領域のアミノ酸配列としては、ヒトkappa、ヒトlambdaタイプの定常領域のアミノ酸配列を挙げることが出来るが、これらに限定されない。あるいは、これらの改変体であってもよい。
また、本発明の抗原結合活性を有するポリペプチドは、抗体可変領域のアミノ酸配列(例えばCDR1、CDR2、CDR3、FR1、FR2、FR3、FR4のアミノ酸配列)を含むことが出来る。
(1) EUナンバリングによる356位および439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる357位および370位のアミノ酸残基(3) EUナンバリングによる399位および409位のアミノ酸残基
(a)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D);
(b)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
好ましい態様において、上記ポリペプチドは、第1の重鎖CH3領域と第2の重鎖CH3領域がジスルフィド結合により架橋されていてもよい。
(1) 第1の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる356位のAsp(D)の、Lys(K)、Arg(R)又はHis(H)への改変、及び第2の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる439位のLys(K)の、Glu(E)又はAsp(D)への改変;
(2) 第1の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる357位のGlu(E)の、Lys(K)、Arg(R)又はHis(H)への改変、及び第2の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる370位のLys(K)の、Glu(E)又はAsp(D)への改変;
(3) 第1の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる399位のAsp(D)の、Lys(K)、Arg(R)又はHis(H)への改変、及び第2の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる409位のLys(K)の、Glu(E)又はAsp(D)への改変。
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 360 位および 371位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
(a)グルタミン酸(E)、アスパラギン酸(D);
(b)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。
好ましい態様において、上記ポリペプチドは、第1の重鎖CH3領域と第2の重鎖CH3領域がジスルフィド結合により架橋されていてもよい。
(1) 第1の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる356位のAsp(D)の、Lys(K)、Arg(R)又はHis(H)への改変、及び第2の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる439位のLys(K)の、Glu(E)又はAsp(D)への改変;
(2) 第1の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる360位のGlu(E)の、Lys(K)、Arg(R)又はHis(H)への改変、及び第2の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる371位のLys(K)の、Glu(E)又はAsp(D)への改変;
(3) 第1の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる399位のAsp(D)の、Lys(K)、Arg(R)又はHis(H)への改変、及び第2の重鎖Fc領域におけるEUナンバリングによる409位のLys(K)の、Glu(E)又はAsp(D)への改変
本発明のポリペプチド間の解離及び/又は会合制御方法のさらに好ましい態様にあっては、当該方法は、重鎖CH3領域の安定性が不安定になるように、重鎖Fc領域にアミノ酸残基の変異を導入することを特徴とする方法である。当該方法は、任意で、上記電荷反発等を利用した界面制御に係るアミノ酸改変を導入する工程をさらに含んでもよい。
また、目的のポリペプチド多量体が、第1のポリペプチドと第3のポリペプチドで2量体を形成し、第2のポリペプチドと第4のポリペプチドで2量体を形成し、さらにこれら2量体同士が多量体を形成するような4量体である場合には、本発明のポリペプチド多量体として、例えば、第1と第2の抗原結合活性を有するポリペプチドが抗体重鎖のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドであって、第3と第4の抗原結合活性を有するポリペプチドが抗体軽鎖のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドであるポリペプチド多量体を用いることもできる。
本発明のさらなる好ましい態様としては、ポリペプチドの等電点(pI値)を改変するアミノ酸変異を、本発明のポリペプチドに導入することによって、目的の第1〜第4のポリペプチドを有するポリペプチド多量体をより高純度に且つ効率的に精製あるいは製造することが可能である(WO2007114325、US20130171095)。ポリペプチドの会合を促進するために導入されるアミノ酸変異としては、Protein Eng. 1996 Jul;9(7):617-21.、Protein Eng Des Sel. 2010 Apr;23(4):195-202.、J Biol Chem. 2010 Jun 18;285(25):19637-46.、WO2009080254、US20130195849等に記載された、重鎖定常領域のCH3ドメインの改変により2種類の重鎖定常領域を含むポリペプチドをヘテロ会合化する方法、および、WO2009080251、WO2009080252、WO2009080253等に記載された、重鎖と軽鎖の特定の組み合わせの会合化を促進する方法等を用いることも可能である。
本発明の非限定の実施態様としては、標的組織特異的に存在する分子の濃度依存的に抗原から解離・結合する抗体技術(WO2013/180200)との組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明の非限定の実施態様としては、FcγRへの結合増強を目的とした定常領域改変技術(WO2013047752)との組み合わせが挙げられる。
267位のアミノ酸がGlu、
268位のアミノ酸がPheまたはTyrのいずれか、
276位のアミノ酸がArg、
324位のアミノ酸がThr、
327位のアミノ酸がGly、
331位のアミノ酸がPro、もしくは
333位のアミノ酸がAla、Asp、Gly、SerまたはValのいずれか、
が挙げられる。また、改変されるアミノ酸の数は特に限定されず、一箇所のみのアミノ酸が改変され得るし、これらが任意に組み合わせられた二箇所以上のアミノ酸が改変され得る
本発明の方法における変異導入前の抗体(本明細書においては、単に「本発明の抗体」と記載する場合あり)のH鎖又はL鎖をコードする遺伝子として既知の配列を用いることも可能であり、又、当業者に公知の方法で取得することもできる。例えば、抗体ライブラリーから取得することも可能であるし、モノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマから抗体をコードする遺伝子をクローニングして取得することも可能である。
本発明の解離及び/又は会合制御方法を利用することにより、例えば、活性を有する抗体もしくはポリペプチドを効率的に作成することができる。該活性としては、例えば、結合活性、中和活性、細胞傷害活性、アゴニスト活性、アンタゴニスト活性、酵素活性等を挙げることができる。アゴニスト活性とは、受容体などの抗原に抗体が結合することにより、細胞内にシグナルが伝達される等して、何らかの生理的活性の変化を誘導する活性である。生理的活性としては、例えば、増殖活性、生存活性、分化活性、転写活性、膜輸送活性、結合活性、タンパク質分解活性、リン酸化/脱リン酸化活性、酸化還元活性、転移活性、核酸分解活性、脱水活性、細胞死誘導活性、アポトーシス誘導活性等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されない。
サイトカインの例としては、インターロイキン1〜18、コロニー刺激因子(G-CSF、M-CSF、GM-CSFなど)、インターフェロン(IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、など)、成長因子(EGF、FGF、IGF、NGF、PDGF、TGF、HGFなど)、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF-α、TNF-β)、リンホトキシン、エリスロポエチン、レプチン、SCF、TPO、MCAF、BMPを挙げることができる。
ケモカインの例としては、CCL1〜CCL28などのCCケモカイン、CXCL1〜CXCL17などのCXCケモカイン、XCL1〜XCL2などのCケモカイン、CX3CL1などのCX3Cケモカインを挙げることができる。
その他の抗原としては下記のような分子;17-IA、4-1BB、4Dc、6-ケト-PGF1a、8-イソ-PGF2a、8-オキソ-dG、A1 アデノシン受容体、A33、ACE、ACE-2、アクチビン、アクチビンA、アクチビンAB、アクチビンB、アクチビンC、アクチビンRIA、アクチビンRIA ALK-2、アクチビンRIB ALK-4、アクチビンRIIA、アクチビンRIIB、ADAM、ADAM10、ADAM12、ADAM15、ADAM17/TACE、ADAM8、ADAM9、ADAMTS、ADAMTS4、ADAMTS5、アドレシン、aFGF、ALCAM、ALK、ALK-1、ALK-7、アルファ-1-アンチトリプシン、アルファ−V/ベータ-1アンタゴニスト、ANG、Ang、APAF-1、APE、APJ、APP、APRIL、AR、ARC、ART、アルテミン、抗Id、ASPARTIC、心房性ナトリウム利尿因子、av/b3インテグリン、Axl、b2M、B7-1、B7-2、B7-H、B-リンパ球刺激因子(BlyS)、BACE、BACE-1、Bad、BAFF、BAFF-R、Bag-1、BAK、Bax、BCA-1、BCAM、Bcl、BCMA、BDNF、b-ECGF、bFGF、BID、Bik、BIM、BLC、BL-CAM、BLK、BMP、BMP-2 BMP-2a、BMP-3(オステオゲニン(Osteogenin))、BMP-4 BMP-2b、BMP-5、BMP-6 Vgr-1、BMP-7(OP-1)、BMP-8(BMP-8a、OP-2)、BMPR、BMPR-IA(ALK-3)、BMPR-IB(ALK-6)、BRK-2、RPK-1、BMPR-II(BRK-3)、BMP、b-NGF、BOK、ボンベシン、骨由来神経栄養因子、BPDE、BPDE-DNA、BTC、補体因子3(C3)、C3a、C4、C10、CA125、CAD-8、カルシトニン、cAMP、癌胎児性抗原(CEA)、癌関連抗原、カテプシンA、カテプシンB、カテプシンC/DPPI、カテプシンD、カテプシンE、カテプシンH、カテプシンL、カテプシンO、カテプシンS、カテプシンV、カテプシンX/Z/P、CBL、CCI、CCK2、CCL、CCL1、CCL11、CCL12、CCL13、CCL14、CCL15、CCL16、CCL17、CCL18、CCL19、CCL2、CCL20、CCL21、CCL22、CCL23、CCL24、CCL25、CCL26、CCL27、CCL28、CCL3、CCL4、CCL5、CCL6、CCL7、CCL8、CCL9/10、CCR、CCR1、CCR10、CCR10、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR6、CCR7、CCR8、CCR9、CD1、CD2、CD3、CD3E、CD4、CD5、CD6、CD7、CD8、CD10、CD11a、CD11b、CD11c、CD13、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD27L、CD28、CD29、CD30、CD30L、CD32、CD33(p67タンパク質)、CD34、CD38、CD40、CD40L、CD44、CD45、CD46、CD49a、CD52、CD54、CD55、CD56、CD61、CD64、CD66e、CD74、CD80(B7-1)、CD89、CD95、CD123、CD137、CD138、CD140a、CD146、CD147、CD148、CD152、CD164、CEACAM5、CFTR、cGMP、CINC、ボツリヌス菌毒素、ウェルシュ菌毒素、CKb8-1、CLC、CMV、CMV UL、CNTF、CNTN-1、COX、C-Ret、CRG-2、CT-1、CTACK、CTGF、CTLA-4、CX3CL1、CX3CR1、CXCL、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CXCL4、CXCL5、CXCL6、CXCL7、CXCL8、CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11、CXCL12、CXCL13、CXCL14、CXCL15、CXCL16、CXCR、CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR5、CXCR6、サイトケラチン腫瘍関連抗原、DAN、DCC、DcR3、DC-SIGN、補体制御因子(Decay accelerating factor)、des(1-3)-IGF-I(脳IGF-1)、Dhh、ジゴキシン、DNAM-1、Dnase、Dpp、DPPIV/CD26、Dtk、ECAD、EDA、EDA-A1、EDA-A2、EDAR、EGF、EGFR(ErbB-1)、EMA、EMMPRIN、ENA、エンドセリン受容体、エンケファリナーゼ、eNOS、Eot、エオタキシン1、EpCAM、エフリンB2/EphB4、EPO、ERCC、E-セレクチン、ET-1、ファクターIIa、ファクターVII、ファクターVIIIc、ファクターIX、線維芽細胞活性化タンパク質(FAP)、Fas、FcR1、FEN-1、フェリチン、FGF、FGF-19、FGF-2、FGF3、FGF-8、FGFR、FGFR-3、フィブリン、FL、FLIP、Flt-3、Flt-4、卵胞刺激ホルモン、フラクタルカイン、FZD1、FZD2、FZD3、FZD4、FZD5、FZD6、FZD7、FZD8、FZD9、FZD10、G250、Gas6、GCP-2、GCSF、GD2、GD3、GDF、GDF-1、GDF-3(Vgr-2)、GDF-5(BMP-14、CDMP-1)、GDF-6(BMP-13、CDMP-2)、GDF-7(BMP-12、CDMP-3)、GDF-8(ミオスタチン)、GDF-9、GDF-15(MIC-1)、GDNF、GDNF、GFAP、GFRa-1、GFR-アルファ1、GFR-アルファ2、GFR-アルファ3、GITR、グルカゴン、Glut4、糖タンパク質IIb/IIIa(GPIIb/IIIa)、GM-CSF、gp130、gp72、GRO、成長ホルモン放出因子、ハプテン(NP-capまたはNIP-cap)、HB-EGF、HCC、HCMV gBエンベロープ糖タンパク質、HCMV gHエンベロープ糖タンパク質、HCMV UL、造血成長因子(HGF)、Hep B gp120、ヘパラナーゼ、Her2、Her2/neu(ErbB-2)、Her3(ErbB-3)、Her4(ErbB-4)、単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV) gB糖タンパク質、HSV gD糖タンパク質、HGFA、高分子量黒色腫関連抗原(HMW-MAA)、HIV gp120、HIV IIIB gp 120 V3ループ、HLA、HLA-DR、HM1.24、HMFG PEM、HRG、Hrk、ヒト心臓ミオシン、ヒトサイトメガロウイルス(HCMV)、ヒト成長ホルモン(HGH)、HVEM、I-309、IAP、ICAM、ICAM-1、ICAM-3、ICE、ICOS、IFNg、Ig、IgA受容体、IgE、IGF、IGF結合タンパク質、IGF-1R、IGFBP、IGF-I、IGF-II、IL、IL-1、IL-1R、IL-2、IL-2R、IL-4、IL-4R、IL-5、IL-5R、IL-6、IL-6R、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、IL-15、IL-18、IL-18R、IL-23、インターフェロン(INF)-アルファ、INF-ベータ、INF-ガンマ、インヒビン、iNOS、インスリンA鎖、インスリンB鎖、インスリン様増殖因子1、インテグリンアルファ2、インテグリンアルファ3、インテグリンアルファ4、インテグリンアルファ4/ベータ1、インテグリンアルファ4/ベータ7、インテグリンアルファ5(アルファV)、インテグリンアルファ5/ベータ1、インテグリンアルファ5/ベータ3、インテグリンアルファ6、インテグリンベータ1、インテグリンベータ2、インターフェロンガンマ、IP-10、I-TAC、JE、カリクレイン2、カリクレイン5、カリクレイン6、カリクレイン11、カリクレイン12、カリクレイン14、カリクレイン15、カリクレインL1、カリクレインL2、カリクレインL3、カリクレインL4、KC、KDR、ケラチノサイト増殖因子(KGF)、ラミニン5、LAMP、LAP、LAP(TGF-1)、潜在的TGF-1、潜在的TGF-1 bp1、LBP、LDGF、LECT2、レフティ、ルイス−Y抗原、ルイス−Y関連抗原、LFA-1、LFA-3、Lfo、LIF、LIGHT、リポタンパク質、LIX、LKN、Lptn、L-セレクチン、LT-a、LT-b、LTB4、LTBP-1、肺表面、黄体形成ホルモン、リンホトキシンベータ受容体、Mac-1、MAdCAM、MAG、MAP2、MARC、MCAM、MCAM、MCK-2、MCP、M-CSF、MDC、Mer、メタロプロテアーゼ、MGDF受容体、MGMT、MHC(HLA-DR)、MIF、MIG、MIP、MIP-1-アルファ、MK、MMAC1、MMP、MMP-1、MMP-10、MMP-11、MMP-12、MMP-13、MMP-14、MMP-15、MMP-2、MMP-24、MMP-3、MMP-7、MMP-8、MMP-9、MPIF、Mpo、MSK、MSP、ムチン(Muc1)、MUC18、ミュラー管抑制物質、Mug、MuSK、NAIP、NAP、NCAD、N-Cアドヘリン、NCA 90、NCAM、NCAM、ネプリライシン、ニューロトロフィン-3、-4、または-6、ニュールツリン、神経成長因子(NGF)、NGFR、NGF−ベータ、nNOS、NO、NOS、Npn、NRG-3、NT、NTN、OB、OGG1、OPG、OPN、OSM、OX40L、OX40R、p150、p95、PADPr、副甲状腺ホルモン、PARC、PARP、PBR、PBSF、PCAD、P-カドヘリン、PCNA、PDGF、PDGF、PDK-1、PECAM、PEM、PF4、PGE、PGF、PGI2、PGJ2、PIN、PLA2、胎盤性アルカリホスファターゼ(PLAP)、PlGF、PLP、PP14、プロインスリン、プロレラキシン、プロテインC、PS、PSA、PSCA、前立腺特異的膜抗原(PSMA)、PTEN、PTHrp、Ptk、PTN、R51、RANK、RANKL、RANTES、RANTES、レラキシンA鎖、レラキシンB鎖、レニン、呼吸器多核体ウイルス(RSV)F、RSV Fgp、Ret、リウマイド因子、RLIP76、RPA2、RSK、S100、SCF/KL、SDF-1、SERINE、血清アルブミン、sFRP-3、Shh、SIGIRR、SK-1、SLAM、SLPI、SMAC、SMDF、SMOH、SOD、SPARC、Stat、STEAP、STEAP-II、TACE、TACI、TAG-72(腫瘍関連糖タンパク質−72)、TARC、TCA-3、T細胞受容体(例えば、T細胞受容体アルファ/ベータ)、TdT、TECK、TEM1、TEM5、TEM7、TEM8、TERT、睾丸PLAP様アルカリホスファターゼ、TfR、TGF、TGF-アルファ、TGF-ベータ、TGF-ベータ Pan Specific、TGF-ベータRI(ALK-5)、TGF-ベータRII、TGF-ベータRIIb、TGF-ベータRIII、TGF-ベータ1、TGF-ベータ2、TGF-ベータ3、TGF-ベータ4、TGF-ベータ5、トロンビン、胸腺Ck-1、甲状腺刺激ホルモン、Tie、TIMP、TIQ、組織因子、TMEFF2、Tmpo、TMPRSS2、TNF、TNF-アルファ、TNF-アルファベータ、TNF-ベータ2、TNFc、TNF-RI、TNF-RII、TNFRSF10A(TRAIL R1 Apo-2、DR4)、TNFRSF10B(TRAIL R2 DR5、KILLER、TRICK-2A、TRICK-B)、TNFRSF10C(TRAIL R3 DcR1、LIT、TRID)、TNFRSF10D(TRAIL R4 DcR2、TRUNDD)、TNFRSF11A(RANK ODF R、TRANCE R)、TNFRSF11B(OPG OCIF、TR1)、TNFRSF12(TWEAK R FN14)、TNFRSF13B(TACI)、TNFRSF13C(BAFF R)、TNFRSF14(HVEM ATAR、HveA、LIGHT R、TR2)、TNFRSF16(NGFR p75NTR)、TNFRSF17(BCMA)、TNFRSF18(GITR AITR)、TNFRSF19(TROY TAJ、TRADE)、TNFRSF19L(RELT)、TNFRSF1A(TNF RI CD120a、p55-60)、TNFRSF1B(TNF RII CD120b、p75-80)、TNFRSF26(TNFRH3)、TNFRSF3(LTbR TNF RIII、TNFC R)、TNFRSF4(OX40 ACT35、TXGP1 R)、TNFRSF5(CD40 p50)、TNFRSF6(Fas Apo-1、APT1、CD95)、TNFRSF6B(DcR3 M68、TR6)、TNFRSF7(CD27)、TNFRSF8(CD30)、TNFRSF9(4-1BB CD137、ILA)、TNFRSF21(DR6)、TNFRSF22(DcTRAIL R2 TNFRH2)、TNFRST23(DcTRAIL R1 TNFRH1)、TNFRSF25(DR3 Apo-3、LARD、TR-3、TRAMP、WSL-1)、TNFSF10(TRAIL Apo-2リガンド、TL2)、TNFSF11(TRANCE/RANKリガンド ODF、OPGリガンド)、TNFSF12(TWEAK Apo-3リガンド、DR3リガンド)、TNFSF13(APRIL TALL2)、TNFSF13B(BAFF BLYS、TALL1、THANK、TNFSF20)、TNFSF14(LIGHT HVEMリガンド、LTg)、TNFSF15(TL1A/VEGI)、TNFSF18(GITRリガンド AITRリガンド、TL6)、TNFSF1A(TNF-a コネクチン(Conectin)、DIF、TNFSF2)、TNFSF1B(TNF-b LTa、TNFSF1)、TNFSF3(LTb TNFC、p33)、TNFSF4(OX40リガンド gp34、TXGP1)、TNFSF5(CD40リガンド CD154、gp39、HIGM1、IMD3、TRAP)、TNFSF6(Fasリガンド Apo-1リガンド、APT1リガンド)、TNFSF7(CD27リガンド CD70)、TNFSF8(CD30リガンド CD153)、TNFSF9(4-1BBリガンド CD137リガンド)、TP-1、t-PA、Tpo、TRAIL、TRAIL R、TRAIL-R1、TRAIL-R2、TRANCE、トランスフェリン受容体、TRF、Trk、TROP-2、TSG、TSLP、腫瘍関連抗原CA125、腫瘍関連抗原発現ルイスY関連炭水化物、TWEAK、TXB2、Ung、uPAR、uPAR-1、ウロキナーゼ、VCAM、VCAM-1、VECAD、VE-カドヘリン、VE-カドヘリン-2、VEFGR-1(flt-1)、VEGF、VEGFR、VEGFR-3(flt-4)、VEGI、VIM、ウイルス抗原、VLA、VLA-1、VLA-4、VNRインテグリン、フォン・ヴィレブランド因子、WIF-1、WNT1、WNT2、WNT2B/13、WNT3、WNT3A、WNT4、WNT5A、WNT5B、WNT6、WNT7A、WNT7B、WNT8A、WNT8B、WNT9A、WNT9A、WNT9B、WNT10A、WNT10B、WNT11、WNT16、XCL1、XCL2、XCR1、XCR1、XEDAR、XIAP、XPD、HMGB1、IgA、Aβ、CD81、CD97、CD98、DDR1、DKK1、EREG、Hsp90、IL-17/IL-17R、IL-20/IL-20R、酸化LDL、PCSK9、プレカリクレイン、RON、TMEM16F、SOD1、クロモグラニン A、クロモグラニン B、tau、VAP1、高分子キニノーゲン、IL-31、IL-31R、Nav1.1、Nav1.2、Nav1.3、Nav1.4、Nav1.5、Nav1.6、Nav1.7、Nav1.8、Nav1.9、EPCR、C1、C1q、C1r、C1s、C2、C2a、C2b、C3、C3a、C3b、C4、C4a、C4b、C5、C5a、C5b、C6、C7、C8、C9、ファクター B、ファクター D、ファクター H、プロペルジン、スクレロスチン、フィブリノゲン、フィブリン、プロトロンビン、トロンビン、組織因子、ファクター V、ファクター Va、ファクター VII、ファクター VIIa、ファクター VIII、ファクター VIIIa、ファクター IX、ファクター IXa、ファクター X、ファクター Xa、ファクター XI、ファクター XIa、ファクター XII、ファクター XIIa、ファクター XIII、ファクター XIIIa、TFPI、アンチトロンビン III、EPCR、トロンボモデュリン、TAPI、tPA、プラスミノゲン、プラスミン、PAI-1、PAI-2、GPC3、シンデカン-1、シンデカン-2、シンデカン-3、シンデカン-4、LPA、S1Pならびにホルモンおよび成長因子のための受容体が例示され得る。
また、本発明の製造方法の別の態様においては、本発明は、ポリペプチド間の解離及び/又は会合が制御されるように、ポリペプチド間の界面を形成するアミノ酸残基(例えば、EUナンバリングによる356位及び439位、357位及び370位、並びに399位及び409位のアミノ酸残基)、並びに/又はEUナンバリング397位及び/若しくは392位のアミノ酸残基に変異を有する異種多量体の製造方法であって、(a)ポリペプチド間の解離及び会合が制御されるように、当該ポリペプチド間の界面等を形成するアミノ酸残基をコードする核酸を元の核酸から改変する工程、(b)当該ポリペプチドを発現するように、当該核酸を有する宿主細胞を培養する工程、(c)当該宿主細胞の培養物から当該ポリペプチドを回収する工程、及び(d)還元条件下、各ポリペプチドをインキュベートし、所望のポリペプチドのヘテロ体を回収する工程を含む、異種多量体の製造方法を提供する。
a) 第一のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株と第二のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株を混合する段階、
b) 当該培養上清中で、ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすように、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
c) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含む、異種多量体の製造方法を提供する。
a) それぞれ第一及び第二のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株を培養する段階、
b) 各細胞株の培養上清を混合し、ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすように、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
c) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含む、異種多量体の製造方法を提供する。
さらに本発明は、所望の異種多量体を選択する方法を提供する。好ましい態様としては、当該方法は、以下の段階を含む、所望の特性を有する異種多量体を選択する方法である:
a) 第1のポリペプチドの組及び第2のポリペプチドの組を提供する段階であって、第1の組を構成する各ポリペプチドが第2の組を構成する各ポリペプチドと異なる標的特異性を有し、かつ第1及び第2の組を構成する各ポリペプチドが、上記電荷反発を利用した界面制御に係るアミノ酸改変及び/又はCH3領域の安定性を不安定するアミノ酸改変を含む、段階、
b) 還元条件下で、該第1の組を構成する各ポリペプチドを該第2の組を構成する各ポリペプチドと共にインキュベートし、それによって複数種の異種多量体の混合物を作製する段階、
c) 結果として得られた複数種の異種多量体の混合物を所与の所望の特性についてアッセイする段階、および
d) 所望の特性を有する異種多量体を選択する段階。
また本発明は、本発明の異種多量体、および医薬的に許容される担体を含む組成物(薬剤)に関する。
アラニン:Ala:A
アルギニン:Arg:R
アスパラギン:Asn:N
アスパラギン酸:Asp:D
システイン:Cys:C
グルタミン:Gln:Q
グルタミン酸:Glu:E
グリシン:Gly:G
ヒスチジン:His:H
イソロイシン:Ile:I
ロイシン:Leu:L
リジン:Lys:K
メチオニン:Met:M
フェニルアラニン:Phe:F
プロリン:Pro:P
セリン:Ser:S
スレオニン:Thr:T
トリプトファン:Trp:W
チロシン:Tyr:Y
バリン:Val:V
Fab Arm Exchangeでは、2種類のホモ抗体を還元剤存在下で混合し、生じた4本の抗体分子片腕(半分子またはHL分子と称する、一本の重鎖および一本の軽鎖からなる分子)が再結合することによって、Bispecific抗体が生じる。HL分子の再結合はランダムに起こるため、目的のBispecific抗体は理論上、系中に存在する全抗体量の50%しか得られない。しかしながら、2種類のホモ抗体にあらかじめ異なる電荷を導入しておくことで、生じたHL分子同士が再結合する際にホモ2量化よりもヘテロ2量化がより優先的に起こり、高効率にBispecific抗体を作製できる可能性がある。そこでWO2006/106905で報告されている抗体のCH3領域における会合界面を制御する改変(2種類のH鎖をCH3領域の電荷的相互作用および反発を利用してヘテロ会合化させる改変)を用いることで、Fab Arm Exchangeの反応効率(Bispecific抗体生成率)が向上するかどうかを検証した。
(1) MRAH-wtG4d/MRAL-k0とH54-wtG4d/L28-k0
(2) MRAH-wtG4dP1/MRAL-k0とH54-wtG4dN1/L28-k0
(3) MRAH-G1dsr/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dsr/L28-k0
(4) MRAH-G1dsrP1/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dsrN1/L28-k0
反応条件: PBS(Sigma, pH7.4)中、[各mAb] = 0.2 mg/ml、[GSH(Sigma)] = 0.5 mM、0.05% Tween 20 (Junsei)、37℃、24時間。
実施例1ではヒンジ領域の配列を天然型ヒトIgG4型にするため、IgG1に対してP228S改変を導入し、Fab-Arm Exchangeを行った。しかしながら生体内に投与された天然型IgG4は、内因性IgG4との半分子交換が起こることが報告されている。またその原因はヒンジ領域のうち、EUナンバリング228番目に位置するSerであり、これをIgG1型のProとすることで安定性が向上し、生体内での交換が起こらなくなることが報告されている(Labrijn AF et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2009, 27, 767-771)。従って生体内に投与することを考えた場合、作製したBispecific抗体のヒンジ配列は226C-227P-228P-229Cとなっていることが望ましい。そこで本検討では、会合界面制御改変が導入されていることにより、天然型ヒトIgG1のヒンジ配列であっても効率よくFab Arm Exchangeが起こるかどうかについて検証した。
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.2 mg/ml、0.05% Tween 20 (Junsei)、37℃、24時間。還元剤は[GSH(Sigma)] = 0.5 mMもしくは5 mMまたは[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mMの3条件で検討した。
ここまでの検討において、ヒトIgG1に対し、CH3をIgG4型にするK409R改変と、会合界面制御改変(D356KおよびK439E)を導入してFab Arm Exchangeを行うことにより、極めて高効率で目的のBispecific抗体が得られることが示された。
一方、409番目のアミノ酸残基がArgであると抗体の酸性条件下における安定性が低下することが知られている(WO/2009/041613)。医薬品としての抗体の製造のためには、酸性条件下に抗体を暴露するウイルス不活化工程が必須であり、その際に抗体の品質を保つために抗体の酸性条件下における安定性が高いことが望ましい。よって409番目のアミノ酸残基はArgではないことが望ましい。一方、Fab Arm Exchange反応を効率的に起こすことができると報告されている改変はK409Rの改変を用いており、409番目のアミノ酸残基がArgであることから酸性条件下における安定性に課題があると考えられる。そこで次に、K409R改変を含まない完全にヒト天然型IgG1の抗体に対して、WO2006/106905で報告されている会合界面制御改変のみでFab Arm Exchangeが誘起されるかどうかを検証した。
検討した会合界面制御改変の組み合わせを表1に示す。
(1) MRAH-G1dP1/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN1/L28-k0
(2) MRAH-G1dP3/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN3/L28-k0
(3) MRAH-G1dP4/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN4/L28-k0
(4) MRAH-G1dP5/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN5/L28-k0
(5) MRAH-G1dP6/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN6/L28-k0
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.2 mg/ml、0.05% Tween 20 (Junsei)、[GSH(Sigma)] = 5 mM、37℃、24時間。
得られた結果を表2に示す。
片方のホモ体にD356Kを、もう片方のホモ体にK439Eを導入したG1dP1/N1ではBispecific抗体生成率が1.7%であった。図2において同じ反応条件下(5mM GSH)でK409R改変と会合界面制御改変(D356KおよびK439E)を有するG1drP1/N1のBispecific抗体生成率は99.3%であったのに対し、EUナンバリング409番目のアミノ酸残基がLysとなったG1dP1/N1で反応効率が大幅に低下することが示された。しかしながら、片方のホモ体に会合界面制御改変D399Kを、もう片方のホモ体にK409Dを導入したG1dP3/N3、片方のホモ体にD356K/D399Kを、もう片方のホモ体にK409D/K439Eを導入したG1dP5/N5は、それぞれ93.4%、98.1%と非常に高いBispecific抗体生成率を示した。従って、CH3ドメインをIgG4型とするK409R改変を用いることなく、会合界面制御改変のみで高効率にFab Arm Exchangeを誘起できることが示された。
MRAH-G1dに対してK409Rを導入したMRAH-G1dr(配列番号27)、H54-G1dに対してF405Lを導入したH54-G1dl(配列番号28)を作製した。H鎖可変領域がMRAHの場合はMRAL-k0を、H54の場合はL28-k0を抗体L鎖として用いた。参考例1の方法に従ってMRAH-G1drP1/MRAL-k0、H54-G1drN1/L28-k0、MRAH-G1dP3/MRAL-k0、H54-G1dN3/L28-k0、MRAH-G1dP5/MRAL-k0、H54-G1dN5/L28-k0、MRAH-G1dr/MRAL-k0、H54-G1dl/L28-k0を発現、精製した。
(1) MRAH-G1drP1/MRAL-k0とH54-G1drN1/L28-k0
(2) MRAH-G1dP3/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN3/L28-k0
(3) MRAH-G1dP5/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN5/L28-k0
(4) MRAH-G1dr/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dl/L28-k0
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.2 mg/ml、0.05% Tween 20 (Junsei)、37℃、24時間。還元剤は[GSH(Sigma)] = 0.5 mMもしくは5 mMまたは[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mMの3条件で検討した。
得られた結果を表3に示す。
ここまでの実施例において、会合界面制御改変により、それぞれのホモ体に異なるチャージの電荷を導入することで、還元剤により生じた半分子が優先的に異なるホモ体由来の半分子と結合し、高効率でBispecific抗体が生成することが示された。一方、Fab Arm ExchangeによってBispecific抗体が生成される過程においては、2種類のホモ体が還元剤で開裂した後にCH3ドメインが解離して半分子(HL分子)を生じる過程が律速段階となることが報告されている(Rispens T et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011. 133. 10302-10311)。つまり、それぞれのホモ体のCH3ドメインを適度に不安定化することでCH3ドメインの解離を促進することができれば、より効率良くFab Arm Exchangeを誘起できると期待される。そこでまず、表2、表3に示した5 mM GSH存在下でのBispecific抗体生成率と、それぞれのホモ体のCH3ドメインの安定性との関係を評価した。CH3ドメインの安定性は、参考例3の方法に従って測定したTm(熱変性中間温度)を指標とした。
(1) MRAH-G1dP8/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN8/L28-k0
(2) MRAH-G1dP9/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN9/L28-k0
(3) MRAH-G1dP10/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN10/L28-k0
(4) MRAH-G1dr/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dl/L28-k0
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.2 mg/ml、0.05% Tween 20 (Junsei)、[GSH(Sigma)] = 5 mM、37℃、24時間。
得られた結果を表4に示す。
G1dP1/N1の両方のホモ体にV397M改変を導入したG1dP8/N8ではMoAb1のCH3のTmが6.6℃低下して70.1℃に、MoAb2では4.2℃低下して70.5℃になり、Bispecific抗体が1.7%から73.2%に向上した。G1dP4/N4の両方のホモ体にV397M改変を導入したG1dP9/N9ではMoAb1のCH3のTmが1.5℃低下して67℃に、MoAb2では5.5℃低下して71℃になり、Bispecific抗体が4.4%から67.3%に向上した。G1dP6/N6の両方のホモ体にV397M改変を導入したG1dP10/N10ではMoAb2のCH3のTmに変化はなかったものの、MoAb1のCH3のTmが2.2℃低下して63.8℃になり、Bispecific抗体が29.3%から96.9%に向上した。以上の結果から、V397M改変を加えてホモ体のCH3のTmを低下させることによって、Fab Arm ExchangeでのBispecific抗体生成効率を向上させられることが示された。またこのとき既存のFab Arm Exchange効率向上改変を用いたG1dr/lのBispecific抗体生成率は88.1%であり、G1dP10/N10はこれよりも優れたBispecific抗体生成率を示した。
(1) MRAH-G1dP14/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN14/L28-k0
(2) MRAH-G1dP15/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN15/L28-k0
(3) MRAH-G1dP16/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN16/L28-k0
(4) MRAH-G1dP17/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN17/L28-k0
(5) MRAH-G1dP18/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN18/L28-k0
(6) MRAH-G1dP19/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN19/L28-k0
(7) MRAH-G1dP20/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN20/L28-k0
(8) MRAH-G1dr/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dl/L28-k0
(9) MRAH-G1dP1/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN1/L28-k0
(10) MRAH-G1dP8/MRAL-k0とH54-G1dN8/L28-k0
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.2 mg/ml、0.05% Tween 20 (Junsei)、[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mM、37℃、24時間。
得られた結果を表6に示す。
医薬品製造への応用性を考えた場合、既存のFab Arm Exchange効率向上改変よりもBispecific抗体生成率が高く、ヘテロ成分が少ないG1dP16/N16(D356K/V397FおよびV397F/K439E)ならびにG1dP17/N17(D356K/V397YおよびV397Y/K439E)は極めて有用である。
また、表3および表6で検討した改変体のCH3の安定性と25mMの2MEAを還元剤として用いた際のBispecific抗体生成率の関係を図5に示す。図5に示すように、用いるホモ体のCH3の安定性とFab Arm Exchangeにおける効率は明らかに相関し、用いる二種類のホモ体のうちCH3の安定性が高い方のホモ体のTmが70℃などを下回るようにCH3領域の安定性を不安定とすることで、高いBispecific抗体生成率が達成される。
実施例4において見出されたG1dP17/N17を用いて反応時間と反応効率の関係を検討した。
反応条件:TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 1.0 mg/ml、[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mM、37℃、全量50μl。
90分、3時間、24時間で4℃に冷却した25 mM MES緩衝液(pH5.0)を450μl添加し、さらに4℃に保存することで反応を停止した。その後参考例2の方法に従って反応効率を評価した(図6)。
実施例4において高効率なFAE効率を示した改変体G1dP17/N17について、ヒトFcgRおよびヒトFcRnへの結合評価を実施した。まず、天然型IgG1の配列をもつMRAH-G1d/MRAL-k0およびFab-Arm Exchange後の改変体MRAH-G1dP17/MRAL-k0//H54-G1dN17/L28-k0のヒトFcRnとの結合を参考例5の方法に従って実施した。ヒトFcRnへの結合解析結果を表7に示す。
以上の結果から、高いFab-Arm Exchange効率を実現するG1dP17/N17は、天然型と比較してヒトFcRn、ヒトFcgRに対する結合を損なわないことが示された。
Fab-Arm ExchangeによるBispecific抗体の製造では、二種類のホモ体を別々に培養、精製した後にFab-Arm Exchangeを行うことが想定されるが、もし培養上清中で反応を起こすことができればホモ体の精製段階を省略することができるため大きな利点となる。そこで二種類のホモ体を培養上清中で還元剤と共に混合し、Fab-Arm Exchangeが高効率で起こるかどうかを検証した。
反応条件: Mock CM(pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 1.0 mg/ml、[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mM、37℃、90分
反応後の反応溶液にrProtein A Sepharose Fast Flow(GEヘルスケア)を添加して精製した後に、参考例2の方法に従って反応効率を評価した(図7)。
ここまでの実施例において、ヒトIgG1あるいはヒトIgG4で効率良くFab-Arm Exchangeが誘起されることが示された。次に、マウスIgG1でも同様にFab-Arm ExchangeによりBispecific抗体が生成されるかどうかを検証した。
報告されている結晶構造(Harris LJ et al. J. Mol. Biol., 1998. 275. 861-872)から、EUナンバリング399番目のDと409番目のKがCH3ドメインの鎖間相互作用に寄与していると推測された(図8)。そこでこの部位に対してヒトIgG1同様にヘテロ二量化を促進するための電荷を導入し、Fab-Arm Exchangeが誘起されるかどうかを検証した。
(1) MRAH-mIgG1mP3/MRAL-mk1とH54-mIgG1mN3/L28-mk1
(2) MRAH-mIgG1mP4/MRAL-mk1とH54-mIgG1mN4/L28-mk1
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 2 mg/ml、[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mM、37℃、19時間。
反応後、参考例5の方法に従ってCE-IEFにより反応効率を決定した(図9)。
参考例4−3に従って、マウスIgG型Fab-Arm Exchangeで作製した2種類のBispecific抗体(MRAH-mIgG1mP3/MRAL-mk1//H54-mIgG1mN3/L28-mk1および
MRAH-mIgG1mP4/MRAL-mk1//H54-mIgG1mN4/L28-mk1)のマウスFcgRおよびマウスFcRnへの結合を評価した。またMRAH-mIgG1/MRAL-mk1を参考例1に従って作製し、比較対象として測定した。測定結果を表9に示す。
Fab-Arm Exchangeにより作製されたヒトIgG型二重特異性抗体、マウスIgG型二重特異性抗体が、既存の手法により作製された二重特異性抗体と同等の機能を保持しているかどうかを、抗ヒトグリピカン3および抗ヒトCD3の二重特異性抗体による細胞傷害活性を測定することで評価した。まずコントロールとして、Schaeferらによって報告されているCrossMab技術(Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2011, 108, 11187-11192)によりヒト IgG4の定常領域を有する抗ヒトGPC3/抗ヒトCD3二重特異性抗体が作製された。CrossMab技術により作製された本分子はWO2012/073985に記載されているヒトGPC3に対するFabのVHドメインとVLドメインが置換された分子となっている。また抗体H鎖定常領域には、ヘテロ会合を促進するために、Knobs-into-Holes技術を用いた。Knobs-into-Holes技術は一方のH鎖のCH3領域に存在するアミノ酸側鎖をより大きい側鎖(Knob;突起)に置換し、もう一方のH鎖のCH3領域に存在するアミノ酸側鎖をより小さい側鎖(Hole;空隙)に置換することで突起が空隙内に配置されるようにしてH鎖のヘテロ二量化を促進し、目的のヘテロ二量化抗体を効率的に取得できる技術である(Nature, 1994, 372, 379-383)。また、FcgRに対する結合を減弱させる改変として、WO2011/108714に記載されている改変が用いられた。具体的には、EUナンバリング234番目、235番目、297番目のアミノ酸残基をAlaに置換する改変が導入された。抗体H鎖のC末端からはEUナンバリング446番目のGlyおよび447番目のLysを除去し、そこに対してさらに抗体発現後の精製を容易にするため、抗ヒトGPC3側のH鎖のC末端にヒスチジンタグを、抗ヒトCD3側のH鎖のC末端にFLAGタグを付加した。以上の改変を導入した抗ヒトGPC3側H鎖として、GC33(2)H-G4dKnHS(配列番号61)が作製された。また、抗ヒトCD3側のH鎖として、rCE115H-G4dHlFS(配列番号62)が作製された。抗体L鎖としては、抗ヒトGPC3側としてGC33(2)L-k0(配列番号63)を、抗ヒトCD3側としてrCE115L-k0(配列番号64)を用いた。これらの抗体の発現は参考例1に従いFreeStyle293細胞で一過性発現させた。得られた培養上清がMabSelect SuReカラム(GE Healthcare社)に添加され、当該カラムの洗浄の後、50 mM酢酸による溶出が実施された。抗体を含む画分がHisTrap HPカラム(GE Healthcare社)もしくはNi Sepharose FFカラム(GE Healthcare社)に添加され、当該カラムの洗浄の後、イミダゾールによる溶出が実施された。抗体を含む画分が限外ろ過膜で濃縮された後、濃縮液がSuperdex 200カラム(GE Healthcare社)に添加され、その溶出液の単量体の抗体のみを回収することにより精製抗体GPC3 ERY22-rCE115が得られた。
(1) rCE115H-F760P17/rCE115L-k0とH0000-F760N17/GL4-k0
(2) rCE115H-F760G1drP1/rCE115L-k0とH0000-F760G1drN1/GL4-k0
(3) rCE115H-F760G4dP1/rCE115L-k0とH0000-F760G4dN1/GL4-k0
(4) rCE115H-mF18mP4/rCE115L-mk1とH0000-mF18mP4/GL4-mk1
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.36 mg/ml、[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mM、37℃、18時間。
反応後の産物をPBSに透析し、細胞傷害活性の評価に用いた。
細胞傷害活性の評価は参考例6に記載の方法で実施された。結果を図10−1、図10−2に示す。
(11−1)ノーマルマウスを用いたin vivo 試験
ヒトIgG型およびマウスIgG型Fab Arm Exchangeにより作製された抗体が既存の手法により作製された抗体と同等の血中濃度推移を示すかどうかについてノーマルマウスを用いたin vivo試験により評価した。
ヒトIgG型抗体としては3種類の抗ヒトグリピカン3/抗ヒトCD3二重特異性抗体:TR-G1drP1/N1、TR-G1dP17/N17、TR-G4dP1/N1をヒトIgG型Fab Arm Exchangeにより作製した。またコントロール抗体としては、可変領域は上記同様、抗ヒトグリピカン3/抗ヒトCD3を有し、定常領域としては、MRAH-G1d(配列番号3)のEUナンバリング118番目のAlaから始まる定常領域G1dおよびMRAH-wtG4d(配列番号5)のEUナンバリング118番目のAlaから始まる定常領域wtG4dからさらに228番目のアミノ酸残基をSerからProに置換してIgG1型のヒンジとしたG4dに対し、Knobs-into-Holes改変(Nature, 1994, 372, 379-383)を導入して作製した二重特異性抗体TR-G1dKiH、TR-G4dKiHを用いた。ここで定常領域名G1dKiHおよびG4dKiHとは、定常領域G1dあるいはG4dに対してKnob改変(349番目のアミノ酸残基をCysに、366番目のアミノ酸残基をTrpに置換する改変)を導入したKnob鎖と、G1dあるいはG4dに対してHole改変(356番目のアミノ酸残基をCysに、366番目のアミノ酸残基をSerに、368番目のアミノ酸残基をAlaに、407番目のアミノ酸残基をValに置換する改変)を導入したHole鎖を用い、それぞれのKnob鎖とHole鎖の組み合わせで発現した定常領域を示す。
反応条件: TBS(Takara, pH7.6)中、[各mAb] = 0.225 mg/ml、[2-MEA(Sigma)] = 25 mM、37℃、17時間。
マウス血漿中の二重特異性抗体濃度はECLIA法にて測定された。まず、可溶型ヒトグリピカン3をMULTI - ARRAY 96well Plate (Meso Scale Discovery)に分注し、4℃で1晩静置することによって、可溶型ヒトグリピカン3固相化プレートが作成された。血漿中濃度として200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.125 ng/mLの二重特異性抗体を含む検量線試料と100倍以上希釈されたマウス血漿測定試料が調製された。これらの検量線試料および血漿測定試料100μLが各ウェルに分注された可溶型ヒトグリピカン3固相化プレートを室温で2時間撹拌させた。続いて、抗ヒトCD3抗体に対するウサギ型イディオタイプ抗体を室温で1時間撹拌させた。その後、Anti-Rabbit IgG-Sulfotag antibody (Meso Scale Discovery) を室温で1時間反応させ、Read Buffer T (Meso Scale Discovery) を添加後の発光がSECTOR Imager 2400 (Meso Scale Discovery) で測定された。マウス血漿中の抗体濃度は検量線の発光シグナルから解析ソフトウェアSOFTmax PRO(Molecular Devices)を用いて算出された。その結果を図11に示した。またPKパラメータを表11に示す。図11および表11に示された結果から、ヒトIgG型Fab Arm Exchangeにより作製された二重特異性抗体はいずれも既存の二重特異性抗体作製技術であるKnobs-into-Holes技術を用いて作製されたコントロール抗体と同等の血中濃度推移を示すことが明らかとなった。
マウス血漿中の抗ヒトIL-6レセプターマウス抗体濃度はELISA法にて測定された。まず、可溶型ヒトIL-6レセプター をNunc-Immuno Plate, MaxiSoup(Nalge nunc International)に分注し、4℃で1晩静置することによって可溶型ヒトIL-6レセプター固相化プレートが作成された。血漿中濃度として2.50、1.25、0.625、0.313、0.156、0.078、0.039μg/mLの抗ヒトIL-6レセプターマウス抗体を含む検量線試料と100倍以上希釈されたマウス血漿測定試料が調製された。これらの検量線試料および血漿測定試料100μLが各ウェルに分注された可溶型ヒトIL-6レセプター固相化プレートを室温で2時間撹拌させた。その後Anti-Mouse IgG-Peroxidase antibody(SIGMA)を室温で2時間反応させた反応液の発色反応が、TMB One Component HRP Microwell Substrate(BioFX Laboratories)を基質として用いて行われた。1N-Sulfuric acid(Showa Chemical)を添加することによって反応が停止された各ウェルの反応液の450 nmの吸光度が、マイクロプレートリーダーにて測定された。マウス血漿中の抗体濃度は検量線の吸光度から解析ソフトウェアSOFTmax PRO(Molecular Devices)を用いて算出された。その結果を図12に示し、その抗体パラメータを表12に示す。図12および表12に示された結果から、マウスIgG型Fab Arm Exchangeで作製された抗体は天然型mIgG1の配列を有するコントロール抗体と同等の血中濃度推移を示すことが明らかとなった。
抗体のH鎖およびL鎖の塩基配列をコードする全長の遺伝子の合成は、Assemble PCR等を用いて、当業者公知の方法で作製した。アミノ酸置換の導入はPCR等を用いて当業者公知の方法で行った。得られたプラスミド断片を動物細胞発現ベクターに挿入し、H鎖発現ベクターおよびL鎖発現ベクターを作製した。得られた発現ベクターの塩基配列は当業者公知の方法で決定した。作製したプラスミドをヒト胎児腎癌細胞由来HEK293H株(Invitrogen社)、またはFreeStyle293細胞(Invitrogen社)に、一過性に導入し、抗体の発現を行った。得られた培養上清を回収した後、0.22μmフィルターMILLEX(R)-GV(Millipore)、または0.45μmフィルターMILLEX(R)-GV(Millipore)を通して培養上清を得た。得られた培養上清から、rProtein A Sepharose Fast Flow(GEヘルスケア)またはProtein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow(GEヘルスケア)を用いて当業者公知の方法で、抗体を精製した。精製抗体濃度は、分光光度計を用いて280 nmでの吸光度を測定し、得られた値からPACE等の方法により算出された吸光係数を用いて抗体濃度を算出した(Protein Science 1995 ; 4 : 2411-2423)。
Priminence UFLC(島津製作所)を用いたイオン交換クロマトグラフィー精製法において、各検体の分離が評価された。移動相には25 mM MES緩衝液、pH5.0ならびに500 mMの塩化ナトリウムを含む25 mM MES緩衝液、pH5.0を、カラムはProPac WCX-10 (Thermo Scientific)を用い、2液混合グラジエント法によりBispecific抗体が分離された。データの取得は215 nmの波長で実施し、Empower2(Waters)を用いて溶出結果が評価された。
Bispecific抗体生成率(%)は、Bispecific抗体の面積値を系中に存在する全抗体の面積値で除し、100をかけた値を用いた。片方のホモ体の回収率が悪い場合には、もう片方のホモ体の面積の2倍値をBispecific抗体の面積値と合わせた値を全抗体の面積値として計算した。
CH3ドメインのTmの測定は、Rotor-gene Q (QIAGEN) を用いて当業者公知の方法で行った。抗体濃度0.1mg/mL、SYPRO orange濃度10X concentrateで混合したサンプルを30度から99度まで昇温し、蛍光強度(励起波長470nm、蛍光波長555nm)を0.4度毎に測定した。測定はPBS(Sigma, pH7.4)中で行った。解析はRotor-gene Q series software を用いて行い、蛍光強度の一次微分によって求めた変曲点をTmとした。MRAHのTmはCH2が70℃付近、Fabが95℃付近、H54のTmはCH2が70℃付近、Fabが90℃付近であることを利用してCH3ドメインのTmが算出された。
(4−1)FcγRの調製方法および改変抗体とFcγRとの相互作用解析方法
FcγRの細胞外ドメインを以下の方法で調製した。まずFcγRの細胞外ドメインの遺伝子の合成を当業者公知の方法で実施した。その際、各FcγRの配列はNCBIに登録されている情報に基づき作製した。具体的には、FcγRIについてはNCBIのアクセッション番号NM_000566.3の配列、FcγRIIaについてはNCBIのアクセッション番号NM_001136219.1の配列、FcγRIIbについてはNCBIのアクセッション番号NM_004001.3の配列、FcγRIIIaについてはNCBIのアクセッション番号NM_001127593.1の配列、FcγRIIIbについてはNCBIのアクセッション番号NM_000570.3の配列に基づいて作製し、C末端にHisタグを付加した。またFcγRIIa、FcγRIIIa、FcγRIIIbについては多型が知られているが、多型部位についてはFcγRIIaについてはJ. Exp. Med., 1990, 172: 19-25、FcγRIIIaについてはJ. Clin. Invest., 1997, 100 (5): 1059-1070, FcγRIIIbについてはJ. Clin. Invest., 1989, 84, 1688-1691を参考にして作製した。
FcRnは、FcRnとβ2-ミクログロブリンとの複合体である。公表されているヒトFcRn遺伝子配列に基づいてオリゴDNAプライマーを調製した(J Exp Med. 1994 Dec 1; 180(6): 2377-81)。遺伝子全体をコードするDNA断片は、調製したプライマーおよび鋳型としてヒトcDNA(Human Placenta Marathon-Ready cDNA, Clontech)を用いてPCRによって調製した。得られたDNA断片を鋳型として用い、シグナル領域(Met1〜Leu290)を含有する細胞外ドメインをコードするDNA断片をPCRによって増幅し、哺乳動物細胞発現ベクターに挿入した。同様に、公表されているヒトβ2-ミクログロブリン遺伝子配列(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-16903 (2002))に基づいてオリゴDNAプライマーを調製した。遺伝子全体をコードするDNA断片は、調製したプライマーおよび鋳型としてヒトcDNA(Human Placenta Marathon-Ready cDNA, Clontech)を用いてPCRによって調製した。得られたDNA断片を鋳型として用い、シグナル領域(Met1〜Met119)を含有するタンパク質全体をコードするDNA断片をPCRによって増幅し、哺乳動物細胞発現ベクターに挿入した。
Biacoreを用いた抗体とFcRnの相互作用を評価する測定系として、J Immunol. 2009;182(12):7663-71.に記されたセンサーチップへ抗体を固定化しヒトFcRnをアナライトとする系が報告されている。この目的のために、ヒトFcRnを参考例4に記載のように調製した。本系を用いて、Fv4-IgG1、Fv4-IgG1-v1およびFv4-IgG1-v2のpH6.0およびpH7.4におけるヒトFcRnへの結合活性(解離定数KD)の評価を行った。被験物質である抗体は、Series SセンサーチップCM5に直接固定化して試験に供した。センサーチップへの抗体の固定化は、ランニングバッファーとして50 mmol/Lリン酸ナトリウム/150 mmol/L NaCl, 0.05% (v/v%) Surfactant P20 pH6.0を用い、アミンカップリングキットを使用してメーカーのマニュアルに従って固定化量500RUを目指して実施した。
マウスのFcγRの細胞外ドメインを以下の方法で調製した。まずFcγRの細胞外ドメインの遺伝子の合成を当業者公知の方法で実施した。その際、各FcγRの配列はNCBIに登録されている情報に基づき作製した。具体的には、mFcγRIについてはNCBI Reference Sequence: NP_034316.1、mFcγRIIについてはNCBI Reference Sequence: NP_034317.1、mFcγRIIIについてはNCBI Reference Sequence: NP_034318.2、mFcγRIVについてはNCBI Reference Sequence: NP_653142.2の配列に基づいて作製し、C末端にHisタグを付加した。
Biacore T100、Biacore T200、Biacore A100、Biacore 4000 (GE Healthcare) を用いて、マウスFcRnと抗体との速度論的解析を行った。センサーチップCM4 (GE Healthcare) 上にアミンカップリング法でプロテインL (ACTIGEN) を適当量固定化し、そこへ目的の抗体を捕捉させた。次に、FcRn希釈液とランニングバッファー(対照溶液として)とをインジェクトし、センサーチップ上に捕捉させた抗体にマウスFcRnを相互作用させた。ランニングバッファーには50 mmol/Lリン酸ナトリウム、150 mmol/L NaCl、0.05% (w/v) Tween20、pH6.0を用い、FcRnの希釈にもそれぞれのバッファーを使用した。チップの再生には10 mmol/Lグリシン-HCl, pH1.5を用いた。測定は全て25 ℃で実施した。測定で得られたセンサーグラムから、カイネティクスパラメーターである結合速度定数 ka (1/Ms)、および解離速度定数 kd (1/s) を算出し、その値をもとに各抗体のマウスFcRnに対する KD (M) を算出した。各パラメーターの算出には Biacore Evaluation Software (GE Healthcare)を用いた。
CE-IEFの測定は、PA800 Plus(Beckman Coulter)を用いて同業者公知の方法で行った。Pharmalyteはbroad rangeが5-8と8-10.5のものを等量混合して、pI range 5-10.5で分析を行った。4mg/mLの抗体溶液を用いて分析し、結果は32 karat software(Beckman Coulter)を用いて解析した。Bispecific抗体生成率(%)は、Bispecific抗体の面積値を系中に存在する全抗体の面積値で除し、100をかけた値を用いた。
(6−1)ヒト末梢血単核球(PBMC)溶液の調製
1,000単位/mLのヘパリン溶液(ノボ・ヘパリン注5千単位,ノボ・ノルディスク社)をあらかじめ100μL注入した注射器を用い、健常人ボランティア(成人)より末梢血50 mLが採取された。PBS(-)で2倍希釈した後に4等分された末梢血が、15 mLのFicoll-Paque PLUSをあらかじめ注入して遠心操作が行なわれたLeucosepリンパ球分離管(Cat. No. 227290、Greiner bio-one社)に加えられた。当該分離管の遠心分離(2,150 rpm、10分間、室温)の後、単核球画分層が分取された。10%FBSを含むDulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium(SIGMA社、以下10%FBS/D-MEM)で1回単核球画分の細胞が洗浄された後、当該細胞は10%FBS/D-MEMを用いてその細胞密度が4×106 /mLに調製された。このように調製された細胞溶液がヒトPBMC溶液として以後の試験に用いられた。
細胞傷害活性はxCELLigenceリアルタイムセルアナライザー(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社)を用いた細胞増殖抑制率で評価された。標的細胞にはSK-HEP-1細胞株にヒトGPC3を強制発現させて樹立したSK-pca13a細胞株が用いられた。SK-pca13aをディッシュから剥離し、1×104 cells/wellとなるようにE-Plate 96(ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社)プレートに100μL/wellで播き、xCELLigenceリアルタイムセルアナライザーを用いて生細胞の測定が開始された。翌日xCELLigenceリアルタイムセルアナライザーからプレートを取り出し、当該プレートに各濃度(0.004、0.04、0.4、4 μg/ml)に調製した各抗体50μLが添加された。室温にて15分間反応させた後に(6−1)で調製されたヒトPBMC溶液50μL(2×104 cells/well)が加えられ、xCELLigenceリアルタイムセルアナライザーに当該プレートを再セットすることによって、生細胞の測定が開始された。反応は5%炭酸ガス、37℃条件下にて行われ、ヒトPBMC添加72時間後のCell Index値から、下式により細胞増殖抑制率(%)が求められた。なお計算に用いたCell Index値は、抗体添加直前のCell Index値が1となるようにノーマライズした後の数値が用いられた。
細胞増殖抑制率(%)=(A-B)×100/(A-1)
Aは抗体を添加していないウェルにおけるCell Index値の平均値(標的細胞とヒトPBMCのみ)、Bは各ウェルにおけるCell Index値の平均値を示す。
Claims (23)
- a) 第1の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第1のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
b) 該第1の抗原結合活性と異なる第2の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
c) ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすことを可能にする還元条件下で、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
d) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含み、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域において、
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 357 位および 370位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
に示すアミノ酸残基の組から選択される1組ないし3組のアミノ酸残基が同種の電荷を有し、
前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域及び前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の両方において、前記(1)〜(3)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のうち同じ組のアミノ酸残基がそれぞれ同種の電荷を有する場合、前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基が、前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基とは反対の電荷を有する、
異種多量体を製造するための方法。 - 請求項1の段階a)において、第1のポリペプチドと多量体を形成する第3のポリペプチドを提供する段階を含み、かつ段階b)において、第2のポリペプチドと多量体を形成する第4のポリペプチドを提供する段階を含む、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 前記同種の電荷を有するアミノ酸残基が、以下の(A)または(B)いずれかの群に含まれる1つ以上のアミノ酸残基から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法:
(A)グルタミン酸 (E)、アスパラギン酸 (D);
(B)リジン(K)、アルギニン(R)、ヒスチジン(H)。 - 第1及び第2のポリペプチドにおいてそれぞれ同種の電荷を有するアミノ酸残基の組が、以下の(1)〜(4)のいずれか1組のアミノ酸残基の組である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載の製造方法:
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 357 位および 370位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
(4)(i) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基、並びに
(ii) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基。 - 第1及び第2のポリペプチドにおいてそれぞれ同種の電荷を有するアミノ酸残基の組が、以下の組のアミノ酸残基の組である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の製造方法:
(i) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基、並びに
(ii) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基。 - 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の安定性が不安定になるようにアミノ酸が改変されている、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる397位及び/又は392位のアミノ酸が改変されている、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域がIgG1、IgG2、IgG3又はIgG4タイプである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域がマウス由来のFc領域である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域において、
(1) EUナンバリングによる 356 位および 439位のアミノ酸残基
(2) EUナンバリングによる 360 位および 371位のアミノ酸残基
(3) EUナンバリングによる 399 位および 409位のアミノ酸残基
に示すアミノ酸残基の組から選択される1組ないし3組のアミノ酸残基が同種の電荷を有し、
前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域及び前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域の両方において、前記(1)〜(3)に示すアミノ酸残基の組のうち同じ組のアミノ酸残基がそれぞれ同種の電荷を有する場合、前記第2のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基が、前記第1のポリペプチドのCH3領域における当該組のアミノ酸残基とは反対の電荷を有する、
請求項9記載の異種多量体を製造するための方法。 - a) 第1の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第1のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
b) 該第1の抗原結合活性と異なる第2の抗原結合活性を有し、Fc領域を含む第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を提供する段階、
c) ヒンジ領域内のシステインがジスルフィド結合の異性化を起こすことを可能にする還元条件下で、該第1のポリペプチドのホモ体および該第2のポリペプチドのホモ体を共にインキュベートする段階、ならびに
d) 第1及び第2のポリペプチドを含む異種多量体を得る段階
を含み、
前記第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドのFc領域に含まれるCH3領域におけるEUナンバリングによる397位及び/又は392位のアミノ酸が改変されている、
異種多量体を製造するための方法。 - 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、
EUナンバリングによる397位がMet(M)、Phe(F)若しくはTyr(Y)に改変されており、かつ/又は
EUナンバリングによる392位がAsp(D)、Glu(E)、Thr(T)、Val(V)若しくはIle(I)に改変されている
請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。 - 第1及び/又は第2のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる397位がPhe(F)又はTyr(Y)に改変されている、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 第1のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる356位がLys(K)に改変されておりかつEUナンバリングによる397位がPhe(F)又はTyr(Y)に改変されており、第2のポリペプチドにおいて、EUナンバリングによる397位がPhe(F)又はTyr(Y)に改変されておりかつEUナンバリングによる439位がGlu(E)に改変されている、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 前記段階a)およびb)が、第一のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株と第二のポリペプチドのホモ体を産生する細胞株を混合することにより実施され、前記段階c)が、当該培養上清中で実施される、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 前記異種多量体が多重特異性抗体又はヘテロFc融合タンパク質である、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 前記異種多量体が二重特異性抗体である、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は請求項11記載の段階c)が還元剤との接触を含む、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項記載の製造方法。
- 段階c)が、グルタチオン、L-システイン、ジチオスレイトール、β-メルカプト-エタノール、TCEPおよび2-MEAからなる群より選択される作用物質の添加を含む、請求項18記載の製造方法。
- 段階c)が、グルタチオン、2-MEAより選択される作用物質の添加を含む、請求項19記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜20のいずれか一項記載の方法によって製造された異種多量体。
- 二重特異性抗体である、請求項21に記載の異種多量体。
- 請求項21または22に記載の異種多量体及び医薬的に許容される担体を含む組成物。
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