JP2001523768A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2001523768A5 JP2001523768A5 JP2000521253A JP2000521253A JP2001523768A5 JP 2001523768 A5 JP2001523768 A5 JP 2001523768A5 JP 2000521253 A JP2000521253 A JP 2000521253A JP 2000521253 A JP2000521253 A JP 2000521253A JP 2001523768 A5 JP2001523768 A5 JP 2001523768A5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 8
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- QALDEYCJTBAWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-ethylpyridinium iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1=C[N+](CC)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 QALDEYCJTBAWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZNJRONVKWRHYBF-VOTSOKGWSA-N 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-julolidyl-9-enyl-4h-pyran Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1\C=C\C1=CC(CCCN2CCC3)=C2C3=C1 ZNJRONVKWRHYBF-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVGDEOXDOBTXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylsulfonyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LVGDEOXDOBTXBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VMVNZNXAVJHNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)F VMVNZNXAVJHNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl trifluoromethansulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- YLYPIBBGWLKELC-RMKNXTFCSA-N 2-[2-[(e)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-6-methylpyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C)O1 YLYPIBBGWLKELC-RMKNXTFCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoethenylideneazanide Chemical group [N-]=C=[C+]C#N POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 bis- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMVZHJHQIMLNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-4-[2-(6-methyl-4h-pyran-2-yl)ethenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=CCC=C(C)O1 NMVZHJHQIMLNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
【特許請求の範囲】
【請求項1】 第一キャリヤーガス流を与え;
前記第一キャリヤーガス流中へ第一有機小分子材料を気化して入れ;
前記第一キャリヤーガス流を装置を通って送り;
前記装置の壁温度を、前記気化した第一有機小分子材料の凝縮を起こさないようにするのに充分な高い温度に維持し;
前記第一キャリヤーガス流を1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の圧力で反応室中の基体上に通し;そして
前記基体上に前記第一有機小分子材料を蒸着し、前記基体上に前記第一有機小分子材料を含む第一フィルムを形成する;
ことを含む有機フィルム製造方法。
【請求項2】 更に、一種類以上の気化した第二有機小分子材料を含む第二キャリヤーガス流を与え;
前記第二キャリヤーガス流を第二装置を通って送り;
前記第二装置の壁温度を、前記一種類以上の気化した第二有機小分子材料の凝縮を起こさないようにするのに充分な高い温度に維持し;
前記第二キャリヤーガス流を1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の圧力で基体上の第一フィルムに接触させ;そして
前記第一フィルムの上に前記一種類以上の気化した第二有機小分子材料を蒸着して、前記一種類以上の第二有機小分子材料を含む第二フィルムを前記基体上の前記第一フィルムの上に形成する;
ことを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
【請求項3】 更に、第二有機小分子材料を含む第二キャリヤーガス流を与え;そして
前記第二キャリヤーガス流と第一キャリヤーガス流とを一緒にする;
ことを含み、然も、蒸着が、基体上の第一有機小分子材料と共に、第二有機小分子材料を蒸着することを含み、その結果第一フィルムが、前記第一有機小分子材料及び第二有機小分子材料を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
【請求項4】 更に、第三有機小分子材料を含む第三キャリヤーガス流を与え;
前記第三キャリヤーガス流を1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の圧力で第一フィルム上に通し;そして
前記第一フィルムの上に前記第三有機小分子材料を堆積し、前記第一フィルムの上に前記第三有機小分子材料を含む第二フィルムを形成する;
ことを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項5】 少なくとも一種類のキャリヤーガスの圧力が、1.333×10−1〜13.33ミリバール(0.1トール〜10トール)である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項6】 キャリヤーガスが、不活性ガスを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項7】 不活性ガスが、窒素、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、クリプトン、及びキセノンからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
【請求項8】 第一有機小分子材料を、トリス−(8−キノリン)アルミニウム;N,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビスフェニル−4,4′−ジアミン;α−4,4′−ビス[N−(1−ナフチル)−N−フェニル−アミノ]ビフェニル;4,4′,4″−トリス[N−(3−メチルフェニル)−N−フェニルアミノ]トリフェニルアミン;及びビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウムオキシフェニル;からなる群から選択する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項9】 更に、有機発光装置中へフィルムを組込むことを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項10】 フィルムの一つが発光層であるか;又は
フィルムの一つがホール輸送層であるか;又は
フィルムの一つが発光層で、フィルムの一つがホール輸送層である;
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項11】 ホール輸送層が、N,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビスフェニル−4,4′−ジアミンを含むか;又は
発光層が、トリス−(8−キノリン)アルミニウムを含み、そしてホール輸送層が、N,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビスフェニル−4,4′ジアミンを含むか;又は
それらの組合せである、請求項10に記載の方法。
【請求項12】 少なくとも一つのフィルムが、単一の有機小分子材料を含むか;又は
少なくとも一つのフィルムが二種類以上の有機小分子材料を含むか;又は
少なくとも一つのフィルムが単一の有機小分子材料を含み、少なくとも一つのフィルムが二種類以上の有機小分子材料を含む;
請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項13】 更に、基体を冷却することを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項14】
第一フィルムが、9〜11ÅのRMS表面粗さを有するAlq3を含むか;又は第一フィルムが6〜8ÅのRMS表面粗さを有するTPDを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項15】 基体が、重合体フィルム材料、ガラス材料、又は半導体材料を含むか;又は
基体がインジウム錫酸化物の層を含むか;又は
それらの組合せ;
を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項16】 基体が、インジウム錫酸化物で被覆されたポリエステルである、請求項15に記載の方法。
【請求項17】 更に、有機小分子材料を、クヌーセン・セルからの反応室中へ導入するか;又は
有機小分子材料を、バブラーを用いて反応室中へ導入するか;又は
有機小分子材料を、その材料を開口容器中へ入れ、その容器を加熱し、その容器にキャリヤーガスを通すことにより気化するか;又は
それらの組合せ;
を含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項18】 真空室中に基体を与え;
前記室中で第一インジェクターを通して第一分子ビームを形成し、然も、前記第一分子ビームは、不活性キャリヤーガス及び一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料を含み;
前記基体上に前記第一分子ビームを衝突させ、前記基体上に一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料を堆積して前記基体上に有機フィルムを形成し;
然も、前記衝突中、前記分子ビーム中の一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料の気相分子が、前記室の大きさよりも大きな平均自由行路を有する;
ことを含む有機フィルム製造方法。
【請求項19】 更に、室中で第二インジェクターを通して第二分子ビームを形成し、然も、前記第二分子ビームは、一種類以上の付加的有機前駆物質材料を含み;そして
基体上に前記第二分子ビームを衝突させ、前記基体上に前記一種類以上の付加的有機前駆物質材料を堆積して前記基体上に有機フィルムを形成する;
ことを含み、然も、前記有機フィルムが、一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料及び前記一種類以上の付加的有機前駆物質材料を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
【請求項20】 更に、一種類以上の第一前駆物質の少なくとも一種類と、一種類以上の付加的前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類とを基体の表面上で反応させ、有機フィルムを形成することを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
【請求項21】 有機フィルムが、非線形光学的フィルムである、請求項20に記載の方法。
【請求項22】 非線形光学的フィルムを、4′−ジメチルアミノ−N−メチル−4−スチルバゾリウムトシレート、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムメタンスルホネート、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、4′−メトキシ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムトシレート、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−アセチルスチルバゾリウムトシレート、及び4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択する、請求項21に記載の方法。
【請求項23】 第一有機前駆物質材料又は付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、キャリヤーガスを前記有機前駆物質材料に気泡として通すことにより与えるか;又は
前記付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、前記有機前駆物質材料をクヌーセン・セル中で加熱することにより与えるか;又は
前記第一有機前駆物質材料又は付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、キャリヤーガスを前記有機前駆物質材料に気泡として通すことにより与え、そして前記付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、前記有機前駆物質材料をクヌーセン・セル中で加熱することにより与える;
請求項18〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項24】 第一有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−スチルバゾール、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムチオフェノキシド、4′−メトキシ−4−メチルスチルバゾール、沃化4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウム、及び4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウムヒドロキシドからなる群から選択するか;又は
付加的有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、メチルトシレート、メチルメタンスルホネート、メチルトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、アセチルトルエンスルホネート、及びメチルトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択するか;又は
前記第一有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−スチルバゾール、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムチオフェノキシド、4′−メトキシ−4−メチルスチルバゾール、沃化4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウム、及び4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウムヒドロキシドからなる群から選択し、そして前記付加的有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、メチルトシレート、メチルメタンスルホネート、メチルトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、アセチルトルエンスルホネート、及びメチルトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択する;
請求項18〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項25】 有機フィルムが発光層であるか;又は
前記有機フィルムが電荷移動錯体であるか;又は
それらの組合せである;
請求項18〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項26】 一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料が、テトラチスファルバレン及び7,7,8,8−テトラシアノキノジメタンを含む、請求項18〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項27】 有機フィルムが、ホスト材料マトリックス中にゲスト材料を入れたものを含む、請求項18〜26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項28】 ホスト材料を、トリス(8−キノリン)アルミニウム及びビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウムオキシフェニルからなる群から選択するか;又は
ゲスト材料を、4−(ジシアノメチレン)−2−メチル−6−(p−ジメチルアミノスチリル)−4H−ピラン、5,10,15,20−テトラフェニル−21H,23H−ホルフィン、DCM2、ルブレン、及びクマリンからなる群から選択するか;又は
ホスト材料を、トリス(8−キノリン)アルミニウム及びビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウムオキシフェニルからなる群から選択し、そしてゲスト材料を、4−(ジシアノメチレン)−2−メチル−6−(p−ジメチルアミノスチリル)−4H−ピラン、5,10,15,20−テトラフェニル−21H,23H−ホルフィン、DCM2、ルブレン、及びクマリンからなる群から選択する;
請求項27に記載の方法。
【請求項29】 基体が、重合体フィルム材料、ガラス材料、又は半導体材料を含むか;又は
基体が、インジウム錫酸化物の層を含むか;又は
基体が、重合体フィルム材料、ガラス材料、又は半導体材料を含み、そして基体が、インジウム錫酸化物の層を含むか;又は
基体が、インジウム錫酸化物で被覆されたポリエステルを含むか;又は
基体が、インジウム錫酸化物で被覆されたポリエステルを含み、そして前記インジウム錫酸化物がホール輸送層で被覆されている;
請求項18〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項30】 更に、室中で基体を回転することを含むか;又は
室中に10−8〜10−11トールの基底圧力を与えるか;又は
室中で基体を回転し、そして室中に10−8〜10−11トールの基底圧力を与える;
請求項18〜29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項31】 基体上に有機小分子材料を含むフィルムを物理的に蒸着するための装置において、
(a) 蒸着室;
(b) 前記蒸着室と流体流通した少なくとも一つの流路で、
(i) キャリヤーガス源、
(ii) 有機小分子フィルムを形成する有機小分子材料を含む有機小分子材料、及び
(iii) 流量制御器、
を具えた流路;
(c) 蒸着室内に配置した基体ホールダー;
(d) 蒸着室内に1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の範囲の圧力を与えるのに適合する、蒸着室と流体流通した真空ポンプ;
を含み、然も、前記蒸着室が、気化した有機前駆物質の分解を起こすことなく、その気化した有機前駆物質が再凝縮しないようにするのに充分な高さの温度に加熱することができる壁を有する、蒸着装置。
【請求項32】 流量制御器が、圧力調節器を含む、請求項31に記載の装置。
【請求項33】 流量制御器が、流量計及び切り替えバルブの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項31又は32に記載の装置。
【請求項34】 蒸着室が、加熱された壁を有するか;又は
蒸着室に、一つ以上の輻射熱源が配備されているか;又は
装置が、更に蒸着室を実質的に取り巻く加熱器を含むか;又は
それらの組合せである;
請求項31〜33のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項35】 加熱器が、加熱及び冷却を行う多領域温度制御器である、請求項34に記載の装置。
【請求項36】 基体ホールダーが、冷却されるか;又は
基体ホールダーが、温度制御ブロックを含むか;又は
基体ホールダーが冷却され、そして温度制御ブロックを含む;
請求項31〜35のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項37】 有機小分子材料源が、その有機小分子材料を保持する開口容器であるか;又は
開口容器が加熱されているか;又は
有機小分子材料源が、その有機小分子材料を保持する加熱された開口容器である;
請求項31〜36のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項38】 装置が、二つ以上の流路を含む、請求項31〜37のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項39】 更に、
蒸着室を加熱する手段;
有機小分子のフィルムを形成する有機小分子材料の蒸気を蒸着室へ導入する手段;
蒸着室内の基体を冷却する手段;
反応室内の圧力を、1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の範囲の圧力に維持する手段;及び
前記蒸着室の壁を、前記有機小分子材料を分解することなく、前記有機小分子材料の蒸気が再凝縮しないようにするのに充分な高さの温度に加熱する手段;
を含む、請求項31〜38のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項1】 第一キャリヤーガス流を与え;
前記第一キャリヤーガス流中へ第一有機小分子材料を気化して入れ;
前記第一キャリヤーガス流を装置を通って送り;
前記装置の壁温度を、前記気化した第一有機小分子材料の凝縮を起こさないようにするのに充分な高い温度に維持し;
前記第一キャリヤーガス流を1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の圧力で反応室中の基体上に通し;そして
前記基体上に前記第一有機小分子材料を蒸着し、前記基体上に前記第一有機小分子材料を含む第一フィルムを形成する;
ことを含む有機フィルム製造方法。
【請求項2】 更に、一種類以上の気化した第二有機小分子材料を含む第二キャリヤーガス流を与え;
前記第二キャリヤーガス流を第二装置を通って送り;
前記第二装置の壁温度を、前記一種類以上の気化した第二有機小分子材料の凝縮を起こさないようにするのに充分な高い温度に維持し;
前記第二キャリヤーガス流を1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の圧力で基体上の第一フィルムに接触させ;そして
前記第一フィルムの上に前記一種類以上の気化した第二有機小分子材料を蒸着して、前記一種類以上の第二有機小分子材料を含む第二フィルムを前記基体上の前記第一フィルムの上に形成する;
ことを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
【請求項3】 更に、第二有機小分子材料を含む第二キャリヤーガス流を与え;そして
前記第二キャリヤーガス流と第一キャリヤーガス流とを一緒にする;
ことを含み、然も、蒸着が、基体上の第一有機小分子材料と共に、第二有機小分子材料を蒸着することを含み、その結果第一フィルムが、前記第一有機小分子材料及び第二有機小分子材料を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
【請求項4】 更に、第三有機小分子材料を含む第三キャリヤーガス流を与え;
前記第三キャリヤーガス流を1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の圧力で第一フィルム上に通し;そして
前記第一フィルムの上に前記第三有機小分子材料を堆積し、前記第一フィルムの上に前記第三有機小分子材料を含む第二フィルムを形成する;
ことを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項5】 少なくとも一種類のキャリヤーガスの圧力が、1.333×10−1〜13.33ミリバール(0.1トール〜10トール)である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項6】 キャリヤーガスが、不活性ガスを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項7】 不活性ガスが、窒素、アルゴン、ヘリウム、ネオン、クリプトン、及びキセノンからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
【請求項8】 第一有機小分子材料を、トリス−(8−キノリン)アルミニウム;N,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビスフェニル−4,4′−ジアミン;α−4,4′−ビス[N−(1−ナフチル)−N−フェニル−アミノ]ビフェニル;4,4′,4″−トリス[N−(3−メチルフェニル)−N−フェニルアミノ]トリフェニルアミン;及びビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウムオキシフェニル;からなる群から選択する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項9】 更に、有機発光装置中へフィルムを組込むことを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項10】 フィルムの一つが発光層であるか;又は
フィルムの一つがホール輸送層であるか;又は
フィルムの一つが発光層で、フィルムの一つがホール輸送層である;
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項11】 ホール輸送層が、N,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビスフェニル−4,4′−ジアミンを含むか;又は
発光層が、トリス−(8−キノリン)アルミニウムを含み、そしてホール輸送層が、N,N′−ジフェニル−N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビスフェニル−4,4′ジアミンを含むか;又は
それらの組合せである、請求項10に記載の方法。
【請求項12】 少なくとも一つのフィルムが、単一の有機小分子材料を含むか;又は
少なくとも一つのフィルムが二種類以上の有機小分子材料を含むか;又は
少なくとも一つのフィルムが単一の有機小分子材料を含み、少なくとも一つのフィルムが二種類以上の有機小分子材料を含む;
請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項13】 更に、基体を冷却することを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項14】
第一フィルムが、9〜11ÅのRMS表面粗さを有するAlq3を含むか;又は第一フィルムが6〜8ÅのRMS表面粗さを有するTPDを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項15】 基体が、重合体フィルム材料、ガラス材料、又は半導体材料を含むか;又は
基体がインジウム錫酸化物の層を含むか;又は
それらの組合せ;
を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項16】 基体が、インジウム錫酸化物で被覆されたポリエステルである、請求項15に記載の方法。
【請求項17】 更に、有機小分子材料を、クヌーセン・セルからの反応室中へ導入するか;又は
有機小分子材料を、バブラーを用いて反応室中へ導入するか;又は
有機小分子材料を、その材料を開口容器中へ入れ、その容器を加熱し、その容器にキャリヤーガスを通すことにより気化するか;又は
それらの組合せ;
を含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項18】 真空室中に基体を与え;
前記室中で第一インジェクターを通して第一分子ビームを形成し、然も、前記第一分子ビームは、不活性キャリヤーガス及び一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料を含み;
前記基体上に前記第一分子ビームを衝突させ、前記基体上に一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料を堆積して前記基体上に有機フィルムを形成し;
然も、前記衝突中、前記分子ビーム中の一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料の気相分子が、前記室の大きさよりも大きな平均自由行路を有する;
ことを含む有機フィルム製造方法。
【請求項19】 更に、室中で第二インジェクターを通して第二分子ビームを形成し、然も、前記第二分子ビームは、一種類以上の付加的有機前駆物質材料を含み;そして
基体上に前記第二分子ビームを衝突させ、前記基体上に前記一種類以上の付加的有機前駆物質材料を堆積して前記基体上に有機フィルムを形成する;
ことを含み、然も、前記有機フィルムが、一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料及び前記一種類以上の付加的有機前駆物質材料を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
【請求項20】 更に、一種類以上の第一前駆物質の少なくとも一種類と、一種類以上の付加的前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類とを基体の表面上で反応させ、有機フィルムを形成することを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
【請求項21】 有機フィルムが、非線形光学的フィルムである、請求項20に記載の方法。
【請求項22】 非線形光学的フィルムを、4′−ジメチルアミノ−N−メチル−4−スチルバゾリウムトシレート、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムメタンスルホネート、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、4′−メトキシ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムトシレート、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−アセチルスチルバゾリウムトシレート、及び4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択する、請求項21に記載の方法。
【請求項23】 第一有機前駆物質材料又は付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、キャリヤーガスを前記有機前駆物質材料に気泡として通すことにより与えるか;又は
前記付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、前記有機前駆物質材料をクヌーセン・セル中で加熱することにより与えるか;又は
前記第一有機前駆物質材料又は付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、キャリヤーガスを前記有機前駆物質材料に気泡として通すことにより与え、そして前記付加的有機材料の少なくとも一種類を、前記有機前駆物質材料をクヌーセン・セル中で加熱することにより与える;
請求項18〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項24】 第一有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−スチルバゾール、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムチオフェノキシド、4′−メトキシ−4−メチルスチルバゾール、沃化4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウム、及び4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウムヒドロキシドからなる群から選択するか;又は
付加的有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、メチルトシレート、メチルメタンスルホネート、メチルトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、アセチルトルエンスルホネート、及びメチルトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択するか;又は
前記第一有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−スチルバゾール、4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−メチルスチルバゾリウムチオフェノキシド、4′−メトキシ−4−メチルスチルバゾール、沃化4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウム、及び4′−ジメチルアミノ−4−エチルスチルバゾリウムヒドロキシドからなる群から選択し、そして前記付加的有機前駆物質材料の少なくとも一種類を、メチルトシレート、メチルメタンスルホネート、メチルトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、アセチルトルエンスルホネート、及びメチルトリフルオロアセテートからなる群から選択する;
請求項18〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項25】 有機フィルムが発光層であるか;又は
前記有機フィルムが電荷移動錯体であるか;又は
それらの組合せである;
請求項18〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項26】 一種類以上の第一有機前駆物質材料が、テトラチスファルバレン及び7,7,8,8−テトラシアノキノジメタンを含む、請求項18〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項27】 有機フィルムが、ホスト材料マトリックス中にゲスト材料を入れたものを含む、請求項18〜26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項28】 ホスト材料を、トリス(8−キノリン)アルミニウム及びビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウムオキシフェニルからなる群から選択するか;又は
ゲスト材料を、4−(ジシアノメチレン)−2−メチル−6−(p−ジメチルアミノスチリル)−4H−ピラン、5,10,15,20−テトラフェニル−21H,23H−ホルフィン、DCM2、ルブレン、及びクマリンからなる群から選択するか;又は
ホスト材料を、トリス(8−キノリン)アルミニウム及びビス−(8−ヒドロキシキノリン)アルミニウムオキシフェニルからなる群から選択し、そしてゲスト材料を、4−(ジシアノメチレン)−2−メチル−6−(p−ジメチルアミノスチリル)−4H−ピラン、5,10,15,20−テトラフェニル−21H,23H−ホルフィン、DCM2、ルブレン、及びクマリンからなる群から選択する;
請求項27に記載の方法。
【請求項29】 基体が、重合体フィルム材料、ガラス材料、又は半導体材料を含むか;又は
基体が、インジウム錫酸化物の層を含むか;又は
基体が、重合体フィルム材料、ガラス材料、又は半導体材料を含み、そして基体が、インジウム錫酸化物の層を含むか;又は
基体が、インジウム錫酸化物で被覆されたポリエステルを含むか;又は
基体が、インジウム錫酸化物で被覆されたポリエステルを含み、そして前記インジウム錫酸化物がホール輸送層で被覆されている;
請求項18〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項30】 更に、室中で基体を回転することを含むか;又は
室中に10−8〜10−11トールの基底圧力を与えるか;又は
室中で基体を回転し、そして室中に10−8〜10−11トールの基底圧力を与える;
請求項18〜29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
【請求項31】 基体上に有機小分子材料を含むフィルムを物理的に蒸着するための装置において、
(a) 蒸着室;
(b) 前記蒸着室と流体流通した少なくとも一つの流路で、
(i) キャリヤーガス源、
(ii) 有機小分子フィルムを形成する有機小分子材料を含む有機小分子材料、及び
(iii) 流量制御器、
を具えた流路;
(c) 蒸着室内に配置した基体ホールダー;
(d) 蒸着室内に1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の範囲の圧力を与えるのに適合する、蒸着室と流体流通した真空ポンプ;
を含み、然も、前記蒸着室が、気化した有機前駆物質の分解を起こすことなく、その気化した有機前駆物質が再凝縮しないようにするのに充分な高さの温度に加熱することができる壁を有する、蒸着装置。
【請求項32】 流量制御器が、圧力調節器を含む、請求項31に記載の装置。
【請求項33】 流量制御器が、流量計及び切り替えバルブの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項31又は32に記載の装置。
【請求項34】 蒸着室が、加熱された壁を有するか;又は
蒸着室に、一つ以上の輻射熱源が配備されているか;又は
装置が、更に蒸着室を実質的に取り巻く加熱器を含むか;又は
それらの組合せである;
請求項31〜33のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項35】 加熱器が、加熱及び冷却を行う多領域温度制御器である、請求項34に記載の装置。
【請求項36】 基体ホールダーが、冷却されるか;又は
基体ホールダーが、温度制御ブロックを含むか;又は
基体ホールダーが冷却され、そして温度制御ブロックを含む;
請求項31〜35のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項37】 有機小分子材料源が、その有機小分子材料を保持する開口容器であるか;又は
開口容器が加熱されているか;又は
有機小分子材料源が、その有機小分子材料を保持する加熱された開口容器である;
請求項31〜36のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項38】 装置が、二つ以上の流路を含む、請求項31〜37のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
【請求項39】 更に、
蒸着室を加熱する手段;
有機小分子のフィルムを形成する有機小分子材料の蒸気を蒸着室へ導入する手段;
蒸着室内の基体を冷却する手段;
反応室内の圧力を、1.333×10−3〜1.333×102ミリバール(0.001トール〜100トール)の範囲の圧力に維持する手段;及び
前記蒸着室の壁を、前記有機小分子材料を分解することなく、前記有機小分子材料の蒸気が再凝縮しないようにするのに充分な高さの温度に加熱する手段;
を含む、請求項31〜38のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
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1997
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1998
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- 1998-11-16 DE DE1998627293 patent/DE69827293T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-16 AU AU14124/99A patent/AU1412499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-16 KR KR1020067004695A patent/KR100606325B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-16 JP JP2000521253A patent/JP2001523768A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-16 EP EP19980957997 patent/EP1032722B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-16 WO PCT/US1998/024424 patent/WO1999025894A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-17 TW TW87118943A patent/TW575699B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-12-13 US US09/736,090 patent/US20010002279A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2002
- 2002-04-19 US US10/125,400 patent/US6558736B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-05-02 US US10/427,933 patent/US20040007178A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2007
- 2007-01-19 US US11/655,258 patent/US20070131172A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2009
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- 2009-08-27 US US12/548,555 patent/US20100104753A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
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2013
- 2013-04-05 US US13/857,218 patent/US20150114296A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2016
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