CN1738621B - 物理和化学稳定的含尼古丁的颗粒物质 - Google Patents
物理和化学稳定的含尼古丁的颗粒物质 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1738621B CN1738621B CN2003801090255A CN200380109025A CN1738621B CN 1738621 B CN1738621 B CN 1738621B CN 2003801090255 A CN2003801090255 A CN 2003801090255A CN 200380109025 A CN200380109025 A CN 200380109025A CN 1738621 B CN1738621 B CN 1738621B
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- nicotine
- pharmaceutical composition
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Abstract
一种用于释放尼古丁的含尼古丁的颗粒物质,所述物质包含尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物和微晶纤维素的组合,所述颗粒物质在储存时是稳定的并较快地释放尼古丁。所述颗粒物质可以用于制备含尼古丁的药物组合物,其中尼古丁的释放可以设计为较快进行,以快速发生作用。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种包含微晶纤维素的含尼古丁的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质内已加入尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。本发明还涉及用于治疗或预防烟草依赖、帕金森氏症、溃疡性结肠炎、阿耳茨海默氏病、精神分裂症和/或ADHD的药物组合物和方法。
发明背景
目前采用含尼古丁产品的治疗在血浆中产生太少量的尼古丁和/或产生具有太平和/或缓慢的峰的血浆曲线。期望的血浆曲线具有比其它市售治疗产品更快速的尼古丁摄取。为解决这个问题,优选碱形式的尼古丁。碱形式的尼古丁容易通过口粘膜吸收,但具有高度挥发性并发生氧化分解。可获得的尼古丁盐是更为稳定的化合物,但不是如同游离碱那样容易吸收。为了解决游离碱的挥发性和稳定性问题可以使用不同的技术。
在US 5,939,100中,将碱形式的尼古丁加到可降解的淀粉微球体中。使用可降解的淀粉微球体和加入的尼古丁使三维基质以相当持续的方式释放尼古丁,这种释放方式取决于结合性能、尼古丁-淀粉基质和微球体的生物降解特征。
在WO 91/09599,在尼古丁和β-环糊精之间产生包合络合物。将从产生的络合物中释放的尼古丁填充于多孔合成物质袋(茶袋类型),并在大约45分钟后在人体用尼古丁峰浓度(8ng/ml)测定血浆特征。该释放高度取决于尼古丁与β-环糊精的亲合力,并认为相当缓慢。
在US 4,967,773中,将合成二氧化硅与尼古丁一起使用。这种使用的比率确保糖淀的稳定性,其中可以将尼古丁和二氧化硅与乳糖混合。完成此操作的原因是在需要不相容的组分(尼古丁和乳糖)的情况下配制产品。
在US4,907,605中,尼古丁被吸收于不同的不溶于水的物质,例如纸、醋酸纤维素、聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇中。所吸附的尼古丁在口环境中缓慢地释放。
在US 6,264,981中,提供含有溶解试剂的不同活性成分的固体溶液。尼古丁被称为与其它一些物质一起的活性成分。
上述的文献都没有提到需要通过口粘膜真正快速地释放和吸收尼古丁,并需要高度物理和化学稳定性。对固体载体的需求是显然的,但固体基质中吸收尼古丁的组合不仅仅是一个稳定性问题,而同样重要的是(如果不是更重要的话)在载体中释放性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种物理和化学稳定的含尼古丁的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质可以设计用于较快地从物质中释放尼古丁,以能够在给药后进行快速吸收。
本发明者已出人意料地发现,微晶纤维素(MCC)上吸附尼古丁(例如包含作为碱的尼古丁溶液的形式)产生物理和化学稳定的并在体外非常快速和完全地释放的干燥颗粒物质。来自这种颗粒物质的尼古丁碱的溶解特征一般是在以下条件下在1分钟后释放大约90%的装载的尼古丁:根据USP,paddle在1升磷酸盐缓冲液,pH7.4,保持在37℃下,在溶解容器中。
因此在一个方面,本发明涉及一种用于释放尼古丁的含尼古丁的颗粒物质,所述物质包含尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物与微晶纤维素的组合,所述颗粒物质-在体外溶解试验中试验时-在至多大约30分钟,例如至多大约25分钟,至多大约20分钟,至多大约15分钟,至多大约10分钟,至多大约7.5分钟,至多大约5分钟,至多大约4分钟,至多大约3分钟或至多大约2分钟内释放至少90%w/w,例如至少95%w/w的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。
更具体而言,本发明涉及一种用于快速释放尼古丁的颗粒物质,所述物质在体外溶出试验中-在至多大约20分钟,例如至多大约15分钟,至多大约10分钟,至多大约7.5分钟,至多大约5分钟,至多大约4分钟,至多大约3分钟,至多大约2分钟或至多大约1分钟内释放至少90%w/w,例如至少95%w/w的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。
与吸烟相伴的问题是它对健康的重要影响。目前据估计,与吸烟有关的疾病导致每年大约3-4百万人死亡。吸烟的严酷后果已导致许多医学协会和健康机构采取非常强力的措施抵制烟草的使用。更为最近地,世界卫生组织(WHO)使烟草控制的优先级与疟疾控制相等。
吸烟可以导致依赖性疾病。WHO在其国际疾病分类(International Classification of Disorders)中有关于烟草依赖的诊断。其它如美国精神病学协会(American PsychiatricAssociation)指出成瘾尼古丁依赖。
尼古丁是世界第二大使用药物,居来自咖啡和茶的咖啡因之后。虽然目前吸烟在许多发达国家在下降,但难以看到这些国家能够消除世界第二大使用的药物。社会在保护它们自身抗具有更深刻的心理毒性作用的非法药物方面甚至是不成功的。因此,最可能的是如果吸烟或多或少地在社会和法律上被认为是非法的,则需要发现其它获取尼古丁的形式。含尼古丁的药物是目前烟草依赖的主导治疗方法。还已表明更广泛地使用这些药物,例如用于减少吸烟和长期维持/替代。但是,这些产品对许多吸烟者来说是非常不可接受的。其中在许多主要的特征方面与香烟相差很大。
当吸入来自香烟的烟时,尼古丁在大约10秒内到达其脑内目标。大部分香烟通常包含10-15mg尼古丁。大部分的尼古丁未被吸烟者使用,因为未被吸入,而且10-15mg的相当数量停留在肠中。如果香烟自身在冒烟并被遗忘在烟灰缸中,则与用力吸烟者相比吸入更少的尼古丁,例如在长期会议之后。平均大约吸入0.5-2mg/香烟。该吸收几乎为进入下气道的烟的100%,且速度非常快。
最广泛使用的戒烟产品,尼古丁树胶以两种浓度出售,2和4mg,所述浓度是尼古丁的实际含量。但是,来自这些树胶的可生物利用的剂量仅分别为大约1和2mg。这是因为完全排空树胶是困难的,且从树胶提取的某些尼古丁由于吞咽进入胃肠道而不能吸收进入循环系统,其中大部分尼古丁在进入循环之前被代谢。而且,尼古丁的吸收速度大大低于从香烟吸收的速度。这是一个重要的因素,因为如果个体要用精神药物改变它们的情绪状况的话,这些作用强烈地取决于药物进入脑的速度。
尼古丁贴剂递送15-21mg尼古丁(不同的品牌具有不同的剂量)。大部分通过皮肤递送的尼古丁被吸收。对于每天消耗15-20支香烟的吸烟者而言,假定其摄入尼古丁的量为15-25mg/天。如果吸烟在大约16小时的清醒期发生,则它意味着1-1.5mg/不时。尼古丁贴剂提供接近1mg/小时。但是,必须意识到某些吸烟者吸入多得多的尼古丁,且来自贴的尼古丁的药代动力学特征是相对稳定的并且不允许任何离散的变化。吸烟时尼古丁浓度峰对应于每支香烟,它对体验某些尼古丁的作用来说也是必需的。现在上市的还有其它产品,例如吸入剂、舌下片、糖淀和鼻用喷雾剂。它们均较好地落入2和4mg树胶的尼古丁吸收可以观察到的范围内,参见图1与香烟进行比较。许多吸烟者,特别是在观念上要继续吸烟的人需要可以容易地从香烟而根本不是从尼古丁贴剂获得的尼古丁刺激。从其它更为快速的递送系统中获得尼古丁刺激是困难的但不是完全不可能的。
用于产生主观效果(尼古丁刺激)的剂量和吸收速度可以随个体而变,但似乎存在一个规则,即10分钟内浓度增加5-10ng/ml是必需的。浓度的增加是与时间有关的,因此可能5分钟内增加3-5ng/ml也是良好的。获得精神作用的需求可能是开发可以被消费者接受从而可以自身消除与吸烟有关的极高风险的产品的一个最重要的特征。
如上述,本发明的颗粒物质是化学和物理学稳定的。在本发明上下文中,术语“稳定的”意指其中包含的物质和/或尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物是化学和/或物理学稳定的,它在40℃的温度和50%的相对湿度下进行开放储存时稳定至少大约22周,例如至少14周。特别重要的是尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物不从物质中迁移出,因为这种迁移将导致物质中的尼古丁含量明显损失。而且如上述,作为碱的尼古丁是一种挥发性物质,因此通常难以在仅包含尼古丁和药学上可接受的赋形剂的混合物的组合物中保持较恒定的尼古丁碱浓度。本发明的颗粒物质还是物理学稳定的。因此,在22周或更多的时间内未观察到可见的变化,而其溶解特征没有改变。
认为微晶纤维素对于本发明颗粒物质的成功来说是极为重要的。
但是,对尼古丁具有同样的行为的其它药学上可接受的赋形剂当然对于本发明也是重要的。适宜的微晶纤维素是包含微晶聚集体的高度结晶的颗粒纤维素,所述微晶聚集体是通过一般用强无机酸如氯化氢进行水解降解除去纯化的纤维素源物质的无定形(纤维性纤维素)区而获得的。酸水解方法产生主要为粗颗粒聚集体的微晶纤维素,其一般粒径范围为大约15-250μm。
所述微晶纤维素(MCC)具有适宜的多孔性和/或容积密度,特别是它由于具有多孔MCC结构而具有非常大的表面。据信,尼古丁在与MCC接触之后主要处在MCC的多孔结构内,即尼古丁最可能通过吸附作用吸附在MCC上。因此,在本发明的一个实施方案中,至少部分尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物吸附在颗粒物质的微晶纤维素上。
适于本发明目的的MCM的质量包括但不限于任何商业化的药学上可接受的以下物质的品质:例如Avice,如等级PH-100、PH-102、PH-103、PH-105、PH-112、PH-113、PH-200、PH-300、PH-302,Vivace,例如等级101、102、12或20,Emcoce,例如等级50M或90M。
还考虑其它结晶纤维素适用于本发明。在不拘泥于理论的情况下,考虑由于尼古丁的尺寸和两性分子特征导致其通过氢键或范德华引力而被截留和/或每周结合在纤维素细胞的空隙体积内。
为获得本发明的颗粒物质,将尼古丁溶于亲水溶剂,即水或醇或其混合物,并根据上述理论考虑通过毛细管作用力将尼古丁引入结晶纤维素的空隙内。在除去溶剂之后,尼古丁保持在该空隙内,直至适宜的溶剂再次进入空隙,并释放尼古丁进入该溶剂。
在本发明范围内,术语“尼古丁”包括任何形式的尼古丁或尼古丁衍生物,例如其物理形式如无定形、结晶、多晶型等,或者其化学形式如异构体和对映异构体等以及其任何药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。尼古丁可以选自尼古丁碱、盐酸尼古丁、二盐酸尼古丁、一酒石酸尼古丁、酒石酸氢尼古丁、硫酸尼古丁、尼古丁氯化锌,例如尼古丁氯化锌一水合物和水杨酸尼古丁。
在本发明的颗粒物质中,颗粒物质中尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的浓度为至多大约20%w/w,例如至多大约15%w/w,至多大约12.5%w/w,至多大约10%w/w,至多大约9.5%w/w,至多大约9%w/w,至多大约8.5%w/w或至多大约8%w/w,该浓度以尼古丁碱计算。
在一个特定的实施方案中,本发明的颗粒物质具有这样的浓度,该颗粒物质中的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的浓度为至多大约7.5%w/w,例如至多大约7%w/w,至多大约6.5%w/w,至多大约6%w/w,至多大约5.5%w/w,至多大约5%w/w,至多大约4.5%w/w,至多大约4%w/w,至多大约3%w/w,至多大约2%w/w或至多大约1%w/w,该浓度以尼古丁碱计算。
为此目的,本发明者已发现为了实现较快的释放,通常尼古丁应该以其碱的形式使用。而且,本发明者已证明,如果尼古丁以0.1-8%(w/w)的浓度吸附在MCC上,则尼古丁在体内发生快速吸收。而且,吸收部位的pH可以影响吸收速率,且本发明者发现在pH≥7下获得与快速吸收有关的适宜结果。似乎当pH降低时吸收减小。但是,这种吸收率降低当然也是与治疗有关的,而本发明的实施方案具体涉及以这样的方式释放尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的颗粒物质,这种释放方式导致最大浓度出现在给药后10-30分钟。
为了获得适宜的作用,本发明的颗粒物质是这样一种物质,该物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时,导致在给药后至多大约30分钟内,例如至多大约25分钟内,至多大约20分钟内,至多大约15分钟内或至多大约10分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约5ng/ml,例如大约6ng/ml或更大,大约7ng/ml或更大,大约8ng/ml或更大,大约9ng/ml或更大,或者大约10ng/ml或更大。
在某些情况下,需要非常快速地发生作用,且本发明的颗粒物质或组合物中包含的尼古丁必须较快地释放。在这些特定的实施方案中,本发明的颗粒物质是这样一种物质,该物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时,导致在给药后至多大约15分钟内,例如至多大约10分钟内,至多大约7.5分钟内,至多大约5分钟内,至多大约4分钟内或至多大约3分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约5ng/ml,例如大约6ng/ml或更大,大约7ng/ml或更大,大约8ng/ml或更大,大约9ng/ml或更大,或者大约10ng/ml。
根据目标作用,颗粒物质或包含该物质的组合物中释放的尼古丁可以改变。因此,在本发明的范围内还有以下实施方案:
一种颗粒物质,该物质-在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时-导致:
i)在给药后至多大约10分钟,例如至多大约9分钟内,至多大约8分钟,至多大约7分钟,至多大约6分钟,至多大约5分钟,至多大约4分钟,或者至多大约3分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度至少大约6ng/ml(例如可以适用于较快释放的组合物),
ii)导致给药后至多10分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约8ng/ml,例如至少大约10ng/ml,至少大约12.5ng/ml,至少大约15ng/ml,或者至少大约16ng/ml,
iiii)导致给药后至多大约30分钟内,例如至多大约25分钟内,至多大约20分钟内,至多大约15分钟内或至多大约10分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约10ng/ml(例如可以适用于更延长释放的组合物),
iv)导致给药后至多大约15分钟内,例如至多大约10分钟内,至多大约7.5分钟内,至多大约5分钟内,至多大约4分钟内或至多大约3分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约10ng/ml(例如可以适用于中等快速释放的组合物),
v)导致给药后尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约4ng/ml尼古丁,例如至少大约5ng/ml,或者至少大约6ng/ml,和/或
vi)导致给药后尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约7.5ng/ml或至少大约10ng/ml。
作为可替代的选择或补充,本发明的颗粒物质-在以包含含有4mg尼古丁的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时-导致在给药后至多10分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约4ng,例如至少大约5ng,至少大约7.5ng或至少大约10ng,或者对于设计用于以较快的方式释放尼古丁的物质而言-导致在给药后至多10分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约8ng,例如至少大约10ng,至少大约12.5ng,至少大约15ng或至少大约16ng。
可以不同的方式获得不同的释放。因此,例如可以将颗粒物质包衣以获得这样一种包衣的颗粒物质,其中尼古丁以较慢或延时的方式释放以获得延长的作用。可以使用未包衣和包衣的颗粒物质的组合以调节释放曲线到所需的释放模式(例如不是很快和不是很慢地释放)等。而且,可以将该颗粒物质加到组合物,例如药物组合物,并根据所用的特定制剂和制剂技术可以获得不同的释放模式。换句话说,本发明提供可以配制用于快速、中度和缓慢释放尼古丁的以及这些释放的组合的颗粒物质。
根据上述,可以将本发明的颗粒物质或组合物包衣以延长从该物质部分释放尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。适宜的包衣材料为,例如成膜聚合物,例如卡波姆、羧甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基纤维素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚烯吡酮、虫胶,脂肪物质,例如硬脂、氢化棉花籽油、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、蜡、玉米蛋白,糖或糖衍生物,例如葡萄糖、麦芽糊精、聚右旋糖、蔗糖、乳糖、海藻酸、角叉菜胶,糖醇或糖醇衍生物,例如甘露醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇(isomalt)、木糖醇、山梨醇等。
关于包含尼古丁盐和MCC的颗粒物质(例如通过在MCC上使用尼古丁盐来获得),发现其溶解特征在体外稍微慢些。因此,来自尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质的酒石酸尼古丁的溶解特征一般是在以下条件下5-10分钟之后释放90%的装载的尼古丁:在1升磷酸盐缓冲液中,pH7.4,保持在37℃下,在溶解容器中,根据USP,paddle。
吸收速率主要受从载体中释放的速率和吸收部位的pH(总计不带电荷的尼古丁(uncharged nicotine))控制。为了调节吸收部位的pH,可以将一种或多种缓冲物质加到本发明的颗粒物质或组合物。该缓冲物质可以至少部分被MCC吸附。本发明范围内使用的适宜的缓冲物质是,例如碱或碱土金属盐,例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钾、碳酸盐,包括一碳酸盐、二碳酸盐和倍半碳酸盐,例如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸镁、碳酸钙等,甘氨酸盐,磷酸盐,包括磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐和磷酸三氢盐,甘油磷酸盐,葡萄糖酸盐,硼酸盐,铵,以及有机或无机酸的盐的混合物,例如乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐等。
在一个实施方案中,用于本发明的颗粒物质或组合物中的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物选自:尼古丁碱、盐酸尼古丁、二盐酸尼古丁、酒石酸尼古丁、酒石酸氢尼古丁、硫酸尼古丁、尼古丁氯化锌和水杨酸尼古丁。
为了获得缓慢释放,使用不同的尼古丁盐。为了获得理想的释放,也可以使用碱形式和盐形式的尼古丁的组合。
因此,本发明的颗粒物质或组合物可以包括尼古丁和一种或多种其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。在一个特定实施方案中,本发明的颗粒物质或组合物包括尼古丁和酒石酸尼古丁或酒石酸氢尼古丁中的至少一种。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种组合物,例如药物组合物,其包含本发明的颗粒物质,并任选与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂组合。上述关于颗粒物质的细节或特点如果相关的话也适用于本发明的组合物。
可以任何方便的给药途径,例如口服,包括口腔途径、鼻、眼、肺、局部或透皮途径,以有效地用于个体目的的剂量将含尼古丁的组合物施用于包括人的受试者。本领域技术人员将知道如何选择合适的给药途径。
有效的尼古丁剂量可以随所使用的特定的尼古丁(盐、碱等)、给药方式、治疗的症状、待治疗的动物的年龄和症状以及受治疗的症状的严重程度而变。本领域技术人中员可以容易地确定适宜的剂量。一般地,在本发明的药物组合物中,组合物中的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的浓度为大约0.5至大约6mg,以尼古丁碱计算。
本发明的药物组合物可以是固体、半固体或流体剂型,例如散剂、颗粒、颗粒剂、分散剂,或者它可以是以下剂型:口服悬浮液、可溶片、口服凝胶、口服散剂、颗粒、锭剂、胶囊、片剂、控释片、口服冻干物、口服分散片、咀嚼片、口服树胶、口粘膜悬浮液、口粘膜喷雾剂、舌下喷雾剂、口粘膜凝胶、口粘膜糊剂、加药口香糖、齿龈凝胶、齿龈糊剂、齿龈贴剂、口粘膜胶囊、舌下片、粘膜-粘着性口腔片、口腔片、口腔贴剂、口腔薄片、糖淀、凝胶、皮肤糊剂、软膏、皮肤喷雾剂、透皮贴剂、皮肤棒、浸渍敷料。
该药物组合物可以通过任何药物制剂领域的技术人员已知的方法制备。
在药物组合物中,颗粒物质通常与药物赋形剂,即治疗惰性物质或载体组合。
载体可以采用多种形式,这取决于目标剂型和给药途径。
药学或化妆学上可接受的赋形剂可以是,例如填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、稀释剂、助流剂、溶剂、乳化剂、助悬剂、稳定剂、增强剂、调味剂、着色剂、pH调节剂、阻滞剂、润湿剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂等。细节可见于药学手册,例如Remington′s PharmaceuticalScience或Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients。
为了更具特异性,本发明的药物组合物可以包含选自以下的添加剂:pH调节剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、芳香调节剂、调味剂、着色剂、释放调节剂,包括EDTA的络合剂。而且,它可以包含缓冲物质,例如前述的物质。
在将组合物设计用于口服,包括施用于口腔(例如为固体或半固体组合物形式,例如为口香糖或糖淀的形式,包括锭剂、乳脂糖、硬糖和其它糖果类组合物)的情况下,可以将一种或多种散装增甜剂加到组合物。适宜的散装增甜剂选自一、二、三和多糖,以及天然和合成的基于非糖的增甜剂。在具体的实施方案中,散装增甜剂为异麦芽酮糖醇、木糖醇或山梨醇,或者它们的组合。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物还可以包含治疗和/或预防活性物质。
本发明的药物组合物还可以具有一定量的加入组合物中的尼古丁。除了上述的尼古丁化合物之外,它可以是尼古丁阳离子交换树脂络合物,其中该阳离子交换剂选自包含羧基官能团的甲基丙烯酸类型或者具有磺酸官能团或磷酸官能团的聚苯乙烯类型。
在一个特定的实施方案中,该包含在组合物中的颗粒物质包括尼古丁碱,和加入组合物中的进一步数量的选自酒石酸尼古丁和酒石酸氢尼古丁的尼古丁。
本发明的药物组合物还可以包衣以调节或控制尼古丁的释放。上述的包衣材料也适用于该组合物。而且,可以使用味觉掩盖包衣。
在另一方面,本发明涉及本发明的颗粒物质用于制备在给药后较快发生尼古丁作用的药物组合物的应用。如上述,该药物组合物还可以设计用于以更为受控或延时的方式释放尼古丁。如以上关于本发明的颗粒物质所述,可以根据以下情况获得许多不同的释放模式:例如联合使用包衣和未包及的颗粒物质,联合使用二种或更多种不同的尼古丁(例如游离碱和盐),使用特定的制剂技术以获得,例如控释组合物等,和这些不同方式的组合。以下描述了根据尼古丁的释放,或作为可替代的根据对受试者给药后所获得的血浆浓度定义的本发明的特定实施方案。
因此,在许多实施方案中,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其中
i)在口服后至多大约45分钟,例如至多大约30分钟内释放至少大约50%w/w,例如至少大约55%w/w,至少大约60%w/w,至少大约65%w/w,至少大约70%w/w或至少大约75%w/w尼古丁(例如快速、中等快速释放),
ii)根据Ph.Eur进行体外溶解试验测定在至多大约45分钟,例如至多大约30分钟内释放至少大约50%w/w,例如至少大约55%w/w,至少大约60%w/w,至少大约65%w/w,至少大约70%w/w或至少大约75%w/w尼古丁(例如快速、中等快速释放),
iii)在口服给药后至多大约45分钟,例如至多大约30分钟内释放至多大约60%w/w,例如至多大约55%w/w,至多大约50%w/w,至多大约45%,至多大约40%,至多大约35%w/w或至多大约30%w/w尼古丁(例如中等慢速、慢速释放),
iv)根据Ph.Eur进行体外溶解试验测定在至多大约45分钟,例如至多大约30分钟内释放至多大约60%w/w,例如至多大约55%w/w,至多大约50%w/w,至多大约45%,至多大约40%,至多大约35%w/w或至多大约30%w/w尼古丁(例如中等慢速、慢速释放)。
关于施用本发明的组合物之后获得的作用,必须在适宜的时间内获得适宜的尼古丁血浆浓度。因此,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,所述组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物的数量时,
i)导致在给药后至多大约30分钟内,例如至多大约25分钟内,至多大约20分钟内,至多大约15分钟内或至多大约10分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约5ng/ml,例如大约6ng/ml或更大,大约7ng/ml或更大,大约8ng/ml或更大,大约9ng/ml或更大,或者大约10ng/ml或更大(例如较快至中等快速释放以及快速至中等快速发生作用),
ii)导致在给药后至多大约15分钟内,例如至多大约10分钟内,至多大约7.5分钟内,至多大约5分钟内,至多大约4分钟内或至多大约3分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约5ng/ml,例如大约6ng/ml或更大,大约7ng/ml或更大,大约8ng/ml或更大,大约9ng/ml或更大,或者大约10ng/ml(例如较快至中等快速释放以及快速至中等快速发生作用),
iii)导致在给药后至多大约10分钟,例如至多大约9分钟,至多大约8分钟,至多大约7分钟,至多大约6分钟,至多大约5分钟,至多大约4分钟或至多大约3分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约6ng/ml(例如快速释放,快速发生作用),
iv)导致在给药后至多10分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约8ng/ml,例如至少大约10ng/ml,至少大约12.5ng/ml,至少大约15ng/ml或至少大约16ng/ml(例如较快释放并快速发生作用)。
v)导致在给药后的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约4ng/ml,例如至少大约5ng/ml,或者至少大约6ng/ml,和/或
vi)导致在给药后的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少大约7.5ng/ml或至少大约10ng/ml。
从以上可以看出,可以根据所需情形调节尼古丁的释放。因此,可以将该组合物设计成较快地释放尼古丁以改善发生作用的时间,或者可以将它设计成以延时的方式释放尼古丁以获得延时作用。而且,可以将它设计为以快速的方式释放组合物中包含的至少部分尼古丁,从而改善发生作用的时间,而剩余的部分尼古丁以延时的方式释放以获得延时作用。在后者的情况下,口服后尼古丁的血浆浓度表现为一、二或多相曲线。
在一个特定的实施方案中,组合物为口香糖的形式。
口香糖以及用于口香糖的适宜赋形剂和添加剂的制备对本领域技术人员来说是已知的(例如参见WO 03/084338,包括其中引述的参考资料;在此包括这些参考资料作为参考)。因此,树胶基质可以具有任何本技术中已知的常规性质,例如树胶基质来自天然或合成,可从商购途径获得。天然树胶基质包括,例如糖胶树胶、节路顿胶、lechi de caspi树胶、soh树胶、siak树胶、katiau树胶、sorwa树胶、巴拉塔树胶、pendare树胶、malaya树胶和桃胶,天然cauchouc和天然树脂,例如达马树脂和乳香。合成树胶基质包括弹性体(聚合物、咀嚼物质)。通常加入添加剂如增塑剂、填充剂(例如组织形成剂)、软化剂(例如脂肪或蜡)、增甜剂、口感改善剂和/或乳化剂。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种用于治疗受试者的与尼古丁有关的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给需要这种方法的受试者施用在本发明的颗粒物质或药物组合物中的有效量的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐、络合物或溶剂化物。
更具体而言,上述的与尼古丁有关的疾病可以是烟草依赖,帕金森氏症、溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis)、阿耳茨海默氏病,精神分裂症、ADHD(注意力缺陷活动过多症)、图雷特氏综合征、溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerous colitis)和吸烟停止后体重控制。
关于颗粒物质方面的细节和描述加以必要的变更适用于本发明的其它方面。
附图简述
还在以下非限制性实施例和图中例示了本发明,其中:
图1表示来自商购产品的尼古丁的血浆浓度对时间曲线。
图2表示与商购产品相比的来自本发明的组合物的尼古丁的血浆浓度对时间曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例
将尼古丁装载在MCC上
将尼古丁碱溶于乙醇至根据干燥加合物计算浓度为0.1-8%(w/w),并在配备真空干燥器或等同装置的高剪切力混合器中加到MCC上。在混合/分配步骤之后,将粉末干燥,并通过HPLC测定尼古丁浓度。用USP(paddle)和HPLC所述的标准溶解仪器测定体外释放。将尼古丁盐如酒石酸尼古丁溶于水/乙醇混合物,并如上述进行处理。
干燥工艺是重要的,因为太有效的干燥、高度真空和/或温度将不利地影响加入的尼古丁的稳定性和含量。干燥的尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质在40℃和50%相对湿度(RH)下开放储存稳定高达14周,而在20℃和55%RH下开放储存可稳定14周以上。
稳定性
已测定含浓度为1%(w/w)的尼古丁的尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质的稳定。该干燥粉末在薄层中,在20℃/55%RH和40℃/50%RH下开放储存。
6=6周后分析,14=14周后分析,而22=22周后分析。
如果进观察,则产物无变色且在色谱图上非尼古丁峰无增加,表明在观察期间存在一种稳定的产物。
装载比
已测定原始尼古丁浓度为大约12%(w/w)的尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质的装载比。该干燥粉末已在薄层中,在20℃/55%RH和40℃/50%RH下开放储存。
表2.开放储存,即在40℃/50%RH下分布在陪替氏培养皿的薄层中的初始装载大约12%尼古丁(w/w)的尼古丁碱/MCC颗粒物质的装载比
结果表明,大约8%(w/w)的尼古丁碱的装载比可以在不同的MCC质量方面保持良好稳定性能地使用。如果大于8%(w/w),则MCC(在使用质量方面)似乎被尼古丁过度饱和。尼古丁的第一急剧损失最可能是由尼古丁的孔含量的过度饱和导致的;过量的尼古丁将最可能从颗粒物质中迅速蒸发。
体外释放
体外释放可能随尼古丁的来源,即碱和盐形式而变。
所有受试的组合的释放是快速的,且一般在使用碱的时候更快速。
使用干燥尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质上的包衣,可以获得延时释放特征。使用大约50%(w/w)聚乙二醇(PEG)8000获得轻微延迟的释放特征。使用大约50%(w/w)氢化棉花籽油(Akofine E)获得更为延迟的释放特征。
1用50%(w/w)PEG 8000将干燥的加合物包衣。2用50%(w/w)氢化棉花籽油(Akofine E)将干燥的加合物包衣。3用60%(w/w)硬脂(Witepsol E-76和E-85的1∶1比率的混合物)将干燥的加合物包衣。
体内血浆尼古丁
将尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质,4-5%(w/w)加到口香糖组合物至最终浓度为2和4mg尼古丁/树胶。用直接压缩生产树胶,并分析最初尼古丁含量。由相同的试验人员咀嚼该树胶,并在咀嚼前以及咀嚼后5、10、15和20分钟后取血样。分析血样中的尼古丁和可铁宁。人体内血浆特征表明使用一种制剂类型,口香糖的尼古丁/MCC颗粒物质可以获得具有良好边界的目标特征。其它产品如片剂、糖淀、凝胶、悬浮液、喷雾剂、贴剂等也可以用适宜的制剂策略使用。在图2中显示了体内研究的结果。
该生产方法是一种利用用于药物制备的标准设备的常规方法。将尼古丁加到MCC中。将尼古丁碱预加到造粒液体,乙醇,99.5%,并加入到在真空高度剪切力混合器,即Zanchetta Rotolab或等同物内的MCC上。在真空下在干燥器中干燥湿物质。也可在盘上干燥。
使树胶粉末通过1mm筛以确保运送中无块状物残留。将树胶粉末和加入尼古丁的MCC与除了硬脂酸镁之外的所有其它赋形剂在常规混合器,双锥形混合器或等同物中混合。在第二混合步骤混合硬脂酸镁。然后在配备直径17mm凹面冲头的常规旋压片机中压制1.25g的DC口香糖。
2mg口香糖片芯的组成
成分 数量(mg/单元) 功能
尼古丁碱* 2.00 活性成分
树胶粉末 1000 树胶基质
异麦芽酮糖醇,DC100 134 填充剂,增甜剂
微晶纤维素,类型PH-102 61.0 尼古丁载体
滑石 37.5 抗粘附剂
硬脂酸镁 12.5 润滑剂
二氧化硅,无水胶状
气溶胶200 2.00 助流剂
乙酰氨基磺酸钾 0.625 增甜剂
乙醇99.5%(w/w)* --- 造粒液体
目标重量 1250
包衣溶液的组成
成分 数量(%) 功能
异麦芽酮糖醇,GS 65.00 包衣糖
纯化水 29.80 溶剂
阿拉伯胶,50% 4.10 粘合剂
二氧化钛 1.00 着色剂
天冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯 0.05 增甜剂
乙酰氨基磺酸钾 0.05 增甜剂
目标数量 100
可以常规旋转包衣锅,使用上述的包衣溶液将压缩的树胶核心包衣至目标最终重量为1600mg。用棕榈蜡完成最终的抛光
4mg口香糖片芯的组成
成分 数量(mg/单元) 功能
尼古丁碱* 4.00 活性成分
树胶粉末 1000 树胶基质
异麦芽酮糖醇,DC100 125 填充剂,增甜剂
微晶纤维素,类型PH-102 70.0 尼古丁载体
滑石 37.5 抗粘附剂
硬脂酸镁 12.5 润滑剂
二氧化硅,无水胶状
气溶胶200 2.00 助流剂
乙酰氨基磺酸钾 0.625 增甜剂
乙醇99.5%(w/w)* --- 造粒液体
目标重量 1250
Claims (65)
1.用于释放尼古丁的含尼古丁的颗粒物质,所述物质包含尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐与微晶纤维素的组合,其中所述颗粒物质通过将尼古丁溶于水或醇或其混合物的亲水溶剂中,通过毛细管作用力将尼古丁引入结晶纤维素的空隙内,在除去溶剂之后即得。
2.根据权利要求1的颗粒物质,所述物质包含尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐和微晶纤维素的组合,所述颗粒物质在体外溶解试验中试验时在至多30分钟内释放至少90%w/w的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,所述物质在体外溶解试验中试验时在至多20分钟内释放至少90%w/w的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中所述尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐在40℃的温度和50%的相对湿度下开放储存时化学和/或物理稳定至少22周。
5.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中该颗粒物质中的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐的浓度为至多20%w/w且该浓度以尼古丁碱计算。
6.根据权利要求5的颗粒物质,其中该颗粒物质中的尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐的浓度为至多12%w/w,且该浓度以尼古丁碱计算。
7.根据权利要求5的颗粒物质,其中所述尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐的浓度为0.1-8%w/w,且该浓度以尼古丁碱计算。
8.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中至少部分尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐吸附在微晶纤维素上。
9.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时导致在给药后至多30分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少5ng/ml。
10.根据权利要求9的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时导致在给药后至多15分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少5ng/ml。
11.根据权利要求9的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时导致在给药后至多10分钟内尼古丁的血浆浓度至少6ng/ml。
12.根据权利要求9的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时导致在给药后的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少4ng/ml。
13.根据权利要求9的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时导致在给药后的血浆浓度为至少7.5ng/ml或至少10ng/ml。
14.根据权利要求9的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质在以包含含有4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的颗粒物质的口香糖的形式施用于至少一名健康受试者时导致给药后至多10分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少8ng/ml。
15.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中将至少部分物质包衣以延缓从该物质部分释放尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐。
16.根据权利要求15的颗粒物质,其中用以下材料将该物质包衣:成膜聚合物,脂肪物质,糖或糖醇。
17.根据权利要求16的颗粒物质,其中所述成膜聚合物为卡波姆、羧甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基纤维素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚烯吡酮或虫胶,所述脂肪物质为硬脂、氢化棉花籽油、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、蜡或玉米蛋白,所述糖为葡萄糖、麦芽糊精、聚右旋糖、蔗糖、乳糖、海藻酸或角叉菜胶,所述糖醇为甘露醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、木糖醇或山梨醇。
18.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中所述微晶纤维素为任何商业药学可接受数量的Avicel、Vivacel或Emcocel。
19.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中所述尼古丁或其药学上可接受的盐选自尼古丁碱、盐酸尼古丁、二盐酸尼古丁、酒石酸尼古丁、酒石酸氢尼古丁、硫酸尼古丁、尼古丁氯化锌和水杨酸尼古丁。
20.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质包含尼古丁和一种或多种其药学上可接受的盐。
21.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质包含尼古丁和至少酒石酸尼古丁或酒石酸氢尼古丁中的一种。
22.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,其中所述尼古丁作为外消旋体或任何它的对映异构体或其混合物的形式存在。
23.根据权利要求1或2的颗粒物质,所述颗粒物质还包含缓冲物质。
24.根据权利要求23的颗粒物质,其中所述缓冲物质至少部分被微晶纤维素吸附。
25.根据权利要求23或24的颗粒物质,其中所述缓冲物质选自碳酸盐,磷酸盐,乙酸盐,葡萄糖酸盐,柠檬酸盐,硼酸盐,铵和它们的混合物。
26.一种包含根据权利要求1-25之任一项的颗粒物质的药物组合物。
27.根据权利要求26的药物组合物,其中在口服给药后至多45分钟内释放至少50%w/w的尼古丁。
28.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其中根据Ph.Eur进行体外溶解试验在至多45分钟内释放至少50%w/w尼古丁。
29.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
30.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其中组合物中尼古丁或药学上可接受的盐的浓度按尼古丁碱计算为0.5至6mg。
31.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的剂型为固体、半固体或液体剂型。
32.根据权利要求25或26的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的剂型为口服悬浮液、口服粉末、颗粒剂、锭剂、胶囊、片剂、口服冻干物、口服树胶、口粘膜喷雾剂、口粘膜糊剂、加药口香糖、口腔贴剂、凝胶、皮肤糊剂、软膏、皮肤喷雾剂、透皮贴剂、皮肤棒、浸渍敷料。
33.根据权利要求32的药物组合物,其中所述口服悬浮液为口粘膜悬浮液,所述胶囊为口粘膜胶囊,所述片剂为可溶片、控释片、口分散片、舌下片、咀嚼片、或口腔片的形式,所述锭剂为糖锭、所述口粘膜喷雾剂为舌下喷雾剂,所述口粘膜糊剂为齿龈糊剂,所述口腔贴剂为齿龈贴剂,所述凝胶为口服凝胶。
34.根据权利要求33的药物组合物,其中所述口腔片为粘膜-粘着性口腔片或口腔薄片。
35.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物还包含选自以下的添加剂:pH调节剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、芳香调节剂、调味剂、着色剂、释放调节剂、络合剂。
36.根据权利要求36的药物组合物,其中所述络合剂为EDTA。
37.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含一种缓冲物质。
38.根据权利要求37的药物组合物,其中所述缓冲物质选自:碳酸盐,磷酸盐,乙酸盐,葡萄糖酸盐,柠檬酸盐,硼酸盐,铵,和它们的混合物。
39.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含一种或多种选自以下的散装增甜剂:一、二、三和多糖,以及天然和合成的非基于糖的增甜剂。
40.根据权利要求39的药物组合物,其中所述散装增甜剂为异麦芽酮糖醇、木糖醇或山梨醇,或者它们的组合。
41.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物为设计用于口用的固体或半固体剂型。
42.根据权利要求40的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的剂型为口香糖或糖锭。
43.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含其它活性物质。
44.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其中该组合物中加入进一步数量的尼古丁。
45.根据权利要求44的药物组合物,其中所述尼古丁选自尼古丁的药学上可接受的盐。
46.根据权利要求44的药物组合物,其中该组合物中包含的颗粒物质包括尼古丁碱,而该组合物中加入的进一步数量的尼古丁选自酒石酸尼古丁和酒石酸氢尼古丁。
47.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其中所述组合物用以下物质包衣:成膜聚合物,脂肪物质,糖或糖醇。
48.根据权利要求47的药物组合物,其中所述成膜聚合物为卡波姆、羧甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、纤维素乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基纤维素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚烯吡酮或虫胶,所述脂肪物质为硬脂、氢化棉花籽油、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷、蜡或玉米蛋白,所述糖为葡萄糖、麦芽糊精、聚右旋糖、蔗糖、乳糖、海藻酸或角叉菜胶,所述糖醇为甘露醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、木糖醇或山梨醇。
49.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的数量时导致在给药后至多30分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少5ng/ml。
50.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的数量时导致在给药后至多15分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少5ng/ml。
51.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的数量时导致在给药后至多10分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少6ng/ml。
52.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的数量时导致在给药后的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少4ng/ml。
53.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的数量时导致在给药后的血浆浓度为至少7.5ng/ml或至少10ng/ml。
54.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在对至少一名健康受试者施用对应于4mg尼古丁或等量的其药学上可接受的盐的数量时导致在给药后至多10分钟内的尼古丁的血浆浓度为至少8ng/ml。
55.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的剂型为口香糖。
56.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含根据权利要求1-25之任一项的包衣和未包衣的颗粒物质的混合物。
57.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物设计用于加速尼古丁释放,以改善见效时间。
58.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物设计用于延长释放尼古丁。
59.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,所述药物组合物设计用于以快速的方式释放组合物中包含的至少部分尼古丁以改善见效时间,并以延时的方式释放剩余部分尼古丁以延长作用。
60.根据权利要求59的药物组合物,其中口服后的尼古丁的血浆浓度表现出一、二或多相曲线。
61.根据权利要求59的药物组合物,其中尼古丁的体外溶解曲线为一、二或多相曲线,且该溶解试验根据Ph.Eur完成。
62.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其中在口服后至多45分钟释放至多60%w/w尼古丁。
63.根据权利要求26或27的药物组合物,其中根据Ph.Eur的体外溶解试验测定在至多45分钟内释放至多60%w/w尼古丁。
64.根据权利要求1-25之任一项的颗粒物质用于制备在给药后尼古丁快速发生作用的药物组合物的应用。
65.根据权利要求1-25之任一项的颗粒物质用于制备在给药后延长释放尼古丁的药物组合物的应用。
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