CN107278141A - 被构造成能够评估外科设备性能参数是否在可接受的性能带之内的外科设备 - Google Patents

被构造成能够评估外科设备性能参数是否在可接受的性能带之内的外科设备 Download PDF

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CN107278141A
CN107278141A CN201680012647.3A CN201680012647A CN107278141A CN 107278141 A CN107278141 A CN 107278141A CN 201680012647 A CN201680012647 A CN 201680012647A CN 107278141 A CN107278141 A CN 107278141A
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shank
shank module
module
battery
battery pack
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CN107278141B (zh
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A·T·贝克曼
A·K·纳拉加特拉
J·A·希布纳
F·E·谢尔顿四世
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Angiotech Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Angiotech Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科设备，该外科设备包括柄部模块，该柄部模块能够附接到可拆卸轴模块以用于共同执行外科手术。该柄部模块包括用于驱动所述可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统，联接到所述旋转驱动系统以用于为所述旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达，用于感测所述电动马达的性能的一个或多个传感器，以及与所述一个或多个传感器通信的柄部模块处理器电路。该柄部模块处理器电路被编程以通过以下方法基于来自所述一个或多个传感器的输入来监测所述柄部模块的性能参数：监测所述性能参数是否在可接受的性能带之外。

Description

被构造成能够评估外科设备性能参数是否在可接受的性能带 之内的外科设备
背景技术
本发明涉及外科器械，并且在各种实施方案中，涉及外科缝合和切割器械以及随其使用的钉仓。
缝合器械可包括一对协同工作的细长钳口构件，其中每个钳口构件能够插入患者体内并且相对于待缝合和/或切入的组织定位。在各种实施方案中，钳口构件中的一者可支撑其中容纳有至少两个侧向地间隔开的钉排的钉仓，并且另一个钳口构件可支撑具有与钉仓中的钉排对准的钉成形凹坑的砧座。一般来讲，缝合器械还可包括推杆和刀片，所述推杆和刀片能够相对于钳口构件滑动以通过推杆上的凸轮表面和/或由推杆推压的楔形滑动件上的凸轮表面将钉从钉仓中依次射出。在至少一个实施方案中，凸轮表面可被构造成能够激活由仓承载并与钉相关联的多个钉驱动器，以便抵靠砧座推压钉并且在夹持于钳口构件之间的组织中形成侧向地间隔的变形钉排。在至少一个实施方案中，刀片可追踪凸轮表面并且沿着钉排之间的路线切割组织。此类缝合器械的示例在名称为“SURGICAL STAPLESHAVING COMPRESSIBLE OR CRUSHABLE MEMBERS FOR SECURING TISSUE THEREIN ANDSTAPLING INSTRUMENTS FOR DEPLOYING THE SAME”的美国专利7,794,475中有所公开，该专利的全部公开内容据此以引用方式并入本文。
上述讨论仅是为了举例说明本发明的领域中相关技术目前的各个方面，而不应当视为对权利要求范围的否定。
附图说明
本文所述实施方案的各种特征结构连同其优点可结合如下附图根据以下描述来加以理解：
图1为包括马达驱动柄部模块和三个可互换的可拆卸轴模块的模块化外科系统的透视图；
图2为图1的柄部模块的侧透视图，其中为了清楚起见，移除了柄部外壳的一部分；
图3为图1的柄部模块的局部分解组装视图；
图4为图1的柄部模块的另一局部分解组装视图；
图5为图1的柄部模块的侧正视图，其中移除了柄部外壳的一部分；
图6为用于将图1的柄部模块的旋转驱动系统可操作地联接到可拆卸轴模块的驱动系统的机械联接系统的分解组装视图；
图7为示出可拆卸轴模块以及图1的柄部模块的电子部件的框图；
图8为由图1的柄部模块的柄部处理器执行以确定柄部模块何时到达其寿命终点的处理流程的图；
图9为由图1的柄部模块的柄部处理器执行以确定柄部模块何时到达其寿命终点的处理流程的另一个图；
图10A为示出待由图1的柄部模块施加的预期击发和回缩力与由柄部模块施加的实际击发和回缩力之间的差值作为轴模块的行程的函数的图表；
图10B为由图1的柄部模块的柄部处理器执行的处理流程的示意图，所述处理流程用于基于待由图1的柄部模块施加的预期击发和回缩力与由柄部模块施加的实际击发和回缩力之间的差值来确定柄部模块何时达到其寿命终点；
图10C为由图1的柄部模块的柄部处理器执行以基于在使用期间由柄部模块消耗的能量，以及在每次使用期间由柄部模块消耗的能量来确定柄部模块何时到达其寿命终点的处理流程的图；
图10D为示出在多次装置激活中由柄部模块消耗的总能量的示例的图表；
图10E为示出在图1的柄部模块的每次激活期间消耗的功率的示例的图表；
图11A和图11B示出柄部模块可被插入其中以用于灭菌的灭菌托盘；
图11C和图11D示出柄部模块和可拆卸轴模块可被插入其中以用于灭菌的灭菌托盘；
图11E示出柄部模块可被插入其中以用于灭菌的另一个灭菌托盘；
图11F、图11G、图11H和图11I示出与柄部模块交接的图11E的灭菌托盘的各方面；
图12A、图12B和图12E示出用于在外科手术之前、期间和/或之后检查柄部模块的检查操作台；
图12C为检查操作台和柄部模块的框图；
图12D为由柄部模块的柄部处理器执行以基于柄部模块被放置在检查操作台上的次数来确定柄部模块何时到达其寿命终点的处理流程的图；
图13A为示出柄部模块和可移除电池组的各方面的框图，其中电池组包括识别发射器，使得柄部模块可识别电池组；
图13B示出由图13A的柄部模块的柄部处理器执行以基于电池组已被安装在柄部模块中的次数来确定柄部模块何时到达其寿命终点的处理流程；
图14A、图14B和图14C示出检测可拆卸轴模块到其上的附接的柄部模块的各方面；
图14D示出柄部模块和可拆卸轴模块，其中柄部模块检测可拆卸轴模块到其上的附接；
图14E示出图14D的柄部模块，其中柄部模块还检测可移除电池组的附接；
图14F和图14G示出用于图14D的柄部模块的用以检测可移除电池组在其中的插入的传感器；
图15A和图15B示出用于柄部模块的用以检测可移除电池组在其中的插入的另一个传感器；
图16示出具有多个电源组的柄部模块；
图17A和图17B示出由柄部模块的柄部处理器执行以确定柄部模块何时到达其寿命终点的附加处理流程；
图18A、图18B和图18C示出柄部模块，该柄部模块具有防止在某些情况下插入电池组的机构；
图18D和图18E示出图18A的柄部模块的防止在某些情况下将电池组从柄部模块移除的机构；
图19A、图19B和图19C示出充电操作台和柄部模块，其中充电操作台用于对柄部模块的电池组进行充电；
图20A和图20B示出具有灭菌盖以用于在柄部模块的灭菌期间覆盖其部件的柄部模块；
图20C示出用于图20A的柄部模块的电池腔体的灭菌盖；
图20D示出用于图20A的柄部模块的可移除电池组；
图21A、图21B、图21C和图21D示出包括柄部模块和可拆卸轴模块的外科器械的显示构型；
图22示出具有内部电路板的可移除电池组；
图23A示出具有突出装置的柄部模块，当突出时，该突出装置防止将柄部模块插入灭菌托盘中；
图23B示出灭菌托盘和图23A的柄部模块；
图24A和图24B示出用于将真空压力施加到柄部模块的柄部模块检查操作台；
图25A、图25B、图25C和图25D示出具有用于干燥柄部模块的一个或多个风扇的柄部模块检查操作台；
图25E示出具有用以干燥柄部模块的真空口的检查操作台；
图26A、图26B和图26C示出检查操作台、柄部模块，以及用于在柄部模块连接到检查操作台时将模拟负载施加到柄部模块的负载模拟适配器；
图26D为图26A-图26C的负载模拟适配器的剖视图；
图26E为示出柄部模块的齿轮侧隙的样品模型作为使用的函数的图表；
图27A和图27B示出可容纳柄部模块和可拆卸轴模块的检查操作台；
图28A示出由检查操作台处理器执行以为柄部模块提出服务建议的处理流程；
图28B示出由柄部模块处理器执行以为柄部模块提出服务建议的处理流程；
图29A示出用于对可用于柄部模块中的一个或多个可移除电池组进行充电的充电操作台；
图29B和图29C示出充电操作台的用于将电池组固定到充电操作台的机构；
图29D为充电操作台和电池组的框图；
图29E示出由柄部模块充电操作台执行的处理流程；
图30A和图30B示出由柄部模块充电操作台执行的处理流程；
图31和图32为充电操作台的电示意图；
图33A为电池组的顶视图；
图33B为充电操作台的顶视图，示出图33A的电池组的接触构型；
图34A为电池组的顶视图；
图34B为充电操作台的顶视图，示出图34A的电池组的接触构型；
图35为使用检查操作台的处理的流程图；
图36和图37为示出用于对柄部模块进行灭菌以及追踪其被灭菌的数量的示例性步骤的处理流程图；
图38为根据至少一个实施方案的与外科器械一起使用的电池组件的透视图，其中电池组件包括多个冲击吸收元件；
图38A为图38的电池组件的冲击吸收元件之一的详细剖视图；
图39为图38的电池组件的局部剖视图；
图40为与外科器械一起使用的电池组件的透视图，该电池组件包括被构造成能够保护电池组件的一个或多个电池单元的电池外壳；
图40A为图40的电池组件的详细剖视图；
图41示出根据至少一个实施方案的包括从柄部延伸到功率源的电源适配器的外科器械系统的柄部；
图42示出根据至少一个实施方案的图41的柄部，该柄部可选择性地与图41的电源适配器或包括可移除电池和可拆卸电源线的电源适配器系统一起使用；
图43为根据至少一个实施方案的电源适配器的示意图；
图44为根据至少一个实施方案的电源适配器的示意图；
图45为包括电池的外科器械系统的柄部的透视图；
图46为附接到图45的柄部的第二电池的透视图；并且
图47为图45的柄部和电池以及图46的第二电池的剖视图。
在所有若干视图中，对应的参考符号指示对应的部件。本文所述的范例以一种形式示出了本发明的各种实施方案，且这种范例不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本申请的申请人拥有与本申请同日提交的下列专利申请，这些专利申请各自全文以引用方式并入本文：
-名称为“SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO TRACK AN END-OF-LIFEPARAMETER”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7539USNP/140464)；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INSPECTION STATION”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7542USNP/140467)；
-名称为“SURGICAL CHARGING SYSTEM THAT CHARGES AND/OR CONDITIONS ONEOR MORE BATTERIES”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7545USNP/140470)；
-名称为“CHARGING SYSTEM THAT ENABLES EMERGENCY RESOLUTIONS FORCHARGING A BATTERY”美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7543USNP/140468)；
-名称为“SYSTEM FOR MONITORING WHETHER A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT NEEDS TOBE SERVICED”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7558USNP/140483)；
-名称为“REINFORCED BATTERY FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7551USNP/140476)；
-名称为“POWER ADAPTER FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7553USNP/140478)；
-名称为“ADAPTABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7541USNP/140466)；以及
-名称为“MODULAR STAPLING ASSEMBLY”的美国专利申请序列号___________(代理人案卷号END7544USNP/140469)。
本申请的申请人拥有提交于2014年12月18日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATABLE ENDEFFECTOR AND MEANS FOR ADJUSTING THE FIRING STROKE OF A FIRING”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,478；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING LOCKABLE SYSTEMS”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,483；
-名称为“DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,139；
-名称为“LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES WITHARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTORS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,148；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH AN ANVIL THAT IS SELECTIVELY MOVABLEABOUT A DISCRETE NON-MOVABLE AXIS RELATIVE TO A STAPLE CARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,130；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH IMPROVED CLOSURE ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,143；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS ANDMOVABLE FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,117；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS ANDIMPROVED FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,154；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FLEXIBLEARTICULATION SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,493；以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKABLEARTICULATION SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,500。
本申请的申请人拥有提交于2013年3月1日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“Articulatable Surgical Instruments With Conductive PathwaysFor Signal Communication”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,295，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246471；
-名称为“Rotary Powered Articulation Joints For Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,323，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246472；
-名称为“Thumbwheel Switch Arrangements For Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,338，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0249557；
-名称为“Electromechanical Surgical Device with Signal RelayArrangement”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,499，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246474；
-名称为“Multiple Processor Motor Control for Modular SurgicalInstruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,460，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246478；
-名称为“Joystick Switch Assemblies For Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,358，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246477；
-名称为“Sensor Straightened End Effector During Removal ThroughTrocar”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,481，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246479；
-名称为“Control Methods for Surgical Instruments with RemovableImplement Portions”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,518，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246475；
-名称为“Rotary Powered Surgical Instruments With Multiple Degrees ofFreedom”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,375，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246473；以及
-名称为“Surgical Instrument Soft Stop”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,536，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246476。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2013年3月14日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,097，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263542；
-名称为“CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR A DRIVE MEMBER OF A SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,193，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263537；
-名称为“INTERCHANGEABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES FOR USE WITH A SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,053，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263564；
-名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATIONLOCK”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,086，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541；
-名称为“SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE POSITIONING SYSTEM FORSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,210，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263538；
-名称为“MULTI-FUNCTION MOTOR FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,148，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263554；
-名称为“DRIVE SYSTEM LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,066，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263565；
-名称为“ARTICULATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,117，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263553；
-名称为“DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,130，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263543；以及
-名称为“METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,159，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0277017。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年3月7日并且全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/200,111，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263539。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年3月26日的以下专利申请，并且其中每一个各自全文以引用的方式并入本文：
-名称为“POWER MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,106；
-名称为“STERILIZATION VERIFICATION CIRCUIT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,099；
-名称为“VERIFICATION OF NUMBER OF BATTERY EXCHANGES/PROCEDURE COUNT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,094；
-名称为“POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SLEEP OPTIONS OF SEGMENTED CIRCUITAND WAKE UP CONTROL”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,117；
-名称为“MODULAR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH DETACHABLE SHAFTASSEMBLIES”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,075；
-名称为“FEEDBACK ALGORITHMS FOR MANUAL BAILOUT SYSTEMS FOR SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,093；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT UTILIZING SENSOR ADAPTATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,116；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL CIRCUIT HAVING A SAFETYPROCESSOR”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,071；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,097；
-名称为“INTERFACE SYSTEMS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,126；
-名称为“MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,133；
-名称为“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A SEGMENTED CIRCUIT”美国专利申请序列号14/226,081；
-名称为“POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND VARIABLEVOLTAGE PROTECTION”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,076；
-名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,111；以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A ROTATABLE SHAFT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,125。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年9月5日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“CIRCUITRY AND SENSORS FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,103；
-名称为“ADJUNCT WITH INTEGRATED SENSORS TO QUANTIFY TISSUECOMPRESSION”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,119；
-名称为“MONITORING DEVICE DEGRADATION BASED ON COMPONENT EVALUATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/478,908；
-名称为“MULTIPLE SENSORS WITH ONE SENSOR AFFECTING A SECOND SENSOR'SOUTPUT OR INTERPRETATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/478,895；
-名称为“USE OF POLARITY OF HALL MAGNET DETECTION TO DETECT MISLOADEDCARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,110；
-名称为“SMART CARTRIDGE WAKE UP OPERATION AND DATA RETENTION”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,098；
-名称为“MULTIPLE MOTOR CONTROL FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,115；以及
-名称为“LOCAL DISPLAY OF TISSUE PARAMETER STABILIZATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,108。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年4月9日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKABLE DUAL DRIVESHAFTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,590，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305987；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CLOSING DRIVE AND A FIRINGDRIVE OPERATED FROM THE SAME ROTATABLE OUTPUT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,581，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305989；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SHAFT INCLUDING SWITCHES FOR CONTROLLINGTHE OPERATION OF THE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,595，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305988；
-名称为“POWERED LINEAR SURGICAL STAPLER”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,588，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0309666；
-名称为“TRANSMISSION ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,591，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305991；
-名称为“MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ALIGNMENTFEATURES FOR ALIGNING ROTARY DRIVE SHAFTS WITH SURGICAL END EFFECTOR SHAFTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,584，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305994；
-名称为“POWERED SURGICAL STAPLER”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,587，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0309665；
-名称为“DRIVE SYSTEM DECOUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,586，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305990；以及
-名称为“MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH STATUSINDICATION ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,607，现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305992。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2013年4月16日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请：
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY ASINGLE MOTOR”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,365；
-名称为“LINEAR CUTTER WITH POWER”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,376；
-名称为“LINEAR CUTTER WITH MOTOR AND PISTOL GRIP”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,382；
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE WITH MULTIPLE ACTUATION MOTORS ANDMOTOR CONTROL”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,385；以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY ASINGLE MOTOR”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,372。
本文列出了许多具体细节，以提供对说明书中所述和附图中所示的实施方案的整体结构、功能、制造和用途的透彻理解。没有详细描述熟知的操作、部件和元件，以免使说明书中描述的实施方案模糊不清。读者将会理解，本文所述和所示的实施方案为非限制性示例，从而可认识到，本文所公开的特定结构和功能细节可为代表性和例示性的。在不脱离权利要求的范围的情况下，可对这些实施方案进行变型和改变。
术语“包括”(以及“包括”的任何形式，诸如“包括(comprises)”和“包括(comprising)”)、“具有”(和“具有”的任何形式，诸如“具有(has)”和“具有(having)”)、“包含”(和“包含”的任何形式，诸如“包含(includes)”、和“包含(including)”)以及“含有”(和“含有”的任何形式，诸如“含有(contains)”和“含有(containing)”)为开放式系动词。因此，“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个元件的外科系统、装置、或设备具有这些一个或多个元件，但不限于仅具有这些一个或多个元件。同样，“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个特征的系统、装置、或设备的元件具有那些一个或多个特征，但不限于仅具有那些一个或多个特征。
术语“近侧”和“远侧”在本文中是相对于操纵外科器械的柄部部分的临床医生来使用的。术语“近侧”是指最靠近临床医生的部分，术语“远侧”是指远离临床医生定位的部分。还应当理解，为简洁和清楚起见，本文可以结合附图使用空间术语诸如“垂直”、“水平”、“上”和“下”。然而，外科器械在许多取向和位置使用，并且这些术语并非限制性和/或绝对化的。
本文提供了各种示例性装置和方法以用于执行腹腔镜式和微创外科手术操作。然而，读者将容易理解，本文所公开的各种方法和装置可用于许多外科手术和应用，包括例如与开放式外科手术结合。继续参阅本具体实施方式，读者将进一步理解，本文所公开的各种器械能够以任何方式插入体内，诸如通过自然腔道、通过形成于组织中的切口或穿刺孔等。器械的工作部分或端部执行器部分可直接插入患者体内或者可通过具有工作通道的进入装置插入，外科器械的端部执行器和细长轴可通过所述工作通道推进。
外科缝合系统可包括轴和从轴延伸的端部执行器。端部执行器包括第一钳口和第二钳口。第一钳口包括钉仓。钉仓能够插入第一钳口并且能够从第一钳口移除；然而设想了其中钉仓不能够从第一钳口移除或至少不易于从第一钳口替换的其它实施方案。第二钳口包括被构造成能够使从钉仓射出的钉变形的砧座。第二钳口能够围绕闭合轴相对于第一钳口枢转；然而设想了其中第一钳口能够相对于第二钳口枢转的其它实施方案。外科缝合系统还包括被构造成能够允许端部执行器相对于轴旋转或进行关节运动的关节运动接头。端部执行器能够围绕延伸穿过关节运动接头的关节运动轴旋转。设想了不包括关节运动接头的其它实施方案。
钉仓包括仓体。仓体包括近侧端部、远侧端部、以及在近侧端部和远侧端部之间延伸的平台。在使用中，钉仓定位在待缝合组织的第一侧上，并且砧座定位在该组织的第二侧上。砧座朝向钉仓运动，以抵靠平台压缩并夹紧组织。然后，可移除地储存在仓体中的钉可部署到组织中。仓体包括限定于其中的钉腔，其中钉可移除地储存在钉腔中。钉腔布置成六个纵向排。三排钉腔定位在纵向狭槽的第一侧上，并且三排钉腔定位在纵向狭槽的第二侧上。钉腔和钉的其它布置结构也是可以的。
钉由仓体中的钉驱动器支撑。驱动器能够在第一或非击发位置与第二或击发位置之间运动，以从钉仓射出钉。驱动器通过保持器保留在仓体中，保持器围绕仓体的底部延伸并且包括被构造成能够夹持仓体以及将保持器保持至仓体的弹性构件。驱动器能够通过滑动件在其非击发位置与击发位置之间运动。滑动件能够在邻近近侧端部的近侧位置与邻近远侧端部的远侧位置之间运动。滑动件包括多个斜坡表面，该斜坡表面被构造成能够朝向砧座在驱动器下方滑动以及提升驱动器，并且钉在驱动器上受到支撑。
除上述以外，滑动件还可通过击发构件在远侧运动。击发构件被构造成能够接触滑动件并朝向远侧端部推动滑动件。限定于仓体中的纵向狭槽被构造成能够接收击发构件。砧座还包括被构造成能够接收击发构件的狭槽。击发构件还包括接合第一钳口的第一凸轮和接合第二钳口的第二凸轮。随着击发构件在远侧推进，第一凸轮和第二凸轮可控制钉仓的平台与砧座之间的距离或组织间隙。击发构件还包括被构造成能够切入在钉仓和砧座中间捕集的组织的刀片。希望刀片定位成至少部分接近斜坡表面，使得钉先于刀片射出。
端部执行器可被构造成能够相对于外科器械的柄部和/或轴进行关节运动。例如，端部执行器可以可枢转地和/或可旋转地联接到外科器械的轴，使得端部执行器被构造成能够相对于轴和柄部枢转。在各种情况下，端部执行器可被构造成能够在位于端部执行器和轴中间的关节运动接头处进行关节运动。在其他情况下，轴可包括近侧部分、远侧部分，以及关节运动接头，该关节运动接头可位于例如轴的近侧部分和远侧部分中间。
图1-图5示出模块化外科切割和紧固器械的各方面，在一个形式中，该模块化外科切割和紧固器械包括马达驱动的可重复使用的柄部模块10，该柄部模块可结合一种或各种不同的可拆卸(并且通常可重复使用的)轴模块(DSM)使用，以及重复使用。如下文更详细地描述，柄部模块10可包括具有一个或多个马达驱动的旋转驱动系统的外壳12，其生成各种控制运动并将各种控制运动施加到联接到其上的特定DSM的对应驱动轴部分。两个此类旋转驱动系统20,40示于图1和图5的柄部模块10中。第一旋转驱动系统20例如可用于向可操作地支撑在DSM中的对应闭合驱动轴组件施加“闭合”运动，并且第二旋转驱动系统40例如可用于向联接到其上的DSM中的对应击发驱动轴组件施加“击发”运动。各种DSM可以可释放地和可互换地连接到外壳12。可以各种布置连接到柄部模块10的三个示例性DSM示于图1中。所示出的示例性DSM包括开放式线性缝合器DSM 1、弯曲切割器缝合器DSM 2和圆形外科缝合器DSM 3。还可使用适用于柄部模块10的驱动系统20,40的其他DSM类型，包括直线切割器DSM，其在名称为“MODULAR STAPLING ASSEMBLY”的美国专利申请序列号________(代理人案卷号END7544USNP/140469)中更详细地描述，该申请与本申请同日提交并且全文以引用方式并入。关于示例性双驱动外科切割和紧固器械的更多细节在提交于2014年4月9日的名称为“MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKABLE DUAL DRIVE SHAFTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,590中提供，该申请在下文中称为“‘590申请”，其全文以引用方式并入本文。
如图1-图5所示，外壳12包括被构造成能够由临床医生抓握、操纵和致动的柄部14。柄部14可包括一对柄部外壳段16和18，该对柄部外壳段可通过螺钉、卡扣特征结构、粘合剂等互连。在所示布置中，柄部外壳段16,18配合以形成可由临床医生抓握和操纵的手枪式握把部19。柄部14可操作地支撑两个旋转驱动系统20,40。
第一旋转驱动系统和第二旋转驱动系统20，40可由马达80通过基本上在两个传动系之间转移功率/运动的“可转移的”传输组件60提供动力。第一旋转驱动系统20包括第一旋转驱动轴22，该第一旋转驱动轴可旋转地支撑在柄部14的外壳12中并且限定第一驱动轴轴线“FDA-FDA”。第一驱动齿轮24键锁到或以其他方式不可旋转地附连至第一旋转驱动轴22，从而随其围绕第一驱动轴轴线FDA-FDA旋转。类似地，第二旋转驱动系统40包括第二旋转驱动轴42，该第二旋转驱动轴可旋转地支撑在柄部14的外壳12中并且限定第二驱动轴轴线“SDA-SDA”。在至少一种布置中，第二驱动轴轴线SDA-SDA偏离且平行或基本上平行于第一驱动轴轴线FDA-FDA。如在此上下文中所使用的，术语“偏离”表示第一驱动轴轴线和第二驱动轴轴线不同轴。第二旋转驱动轴42具有第二驱动齿轮44，第二驱动齿轮键锁到或以其他方式不可旋转地附连至第二驱动轴42，从而随其围绕第二驱动轴轴线SDA-SDA旋转。另外，第二驱动轴42具有可旋转地轴颈连接在其上的中间驱动齿轮46，使得中间驱动齿轮46可在第二旋转驱动轴42上绕第二驱动轴轴线SDA-SDA自由旋转。
在一种形式中，马达80包括马达输出轴，该马达输出轴具有附接到其上的马达驱动齿轮82。马达驱动齿轮82被构造用于与传输组件60以互啮方式“可操作地”接合。在至少一种形式中，传输组件60包括传输托架62，传输托架被支撑用于在驱动齿轮82与第二旋转驱动轴42上的齿轮44和46之间轴向行进。例如，传输托架62可滑动地轴颈连接在支撑轴63上，该支撑轴安装在轴安装座61上的外壳12内，使得传输托架的作用线垂直于旋转驱动系统的齿轮系。轴安装座61被构造成能够刚性支撑在柄部模块10内的狭槽或其他特征结构内。传输托架62包括托架齿轮64，该托架齿轮可旋转地支撑在支撑轴63上并且被构造用于在与驱动齿轮82驱动接合时与齿轮44和46选择性地啮合接合。在图1-图5所示的布置中，传输托架62可操作地附接至转移器或“用于转移的装置”70，该转移器被构造成能够使传输托架62在“第一驱动位置”与“第二驱动位置”之间轴向转移。在一种形式中，例如，用于转移的装置70包括支撑在柄部14的外壳12内的转移器螺线管71。转移器螺线管71可包括双稳定螺线管，或例如可包括双位置、弹簧加载的螺线管。示出布置例如包括弹簧72，该弹簧将传输托架62朝远侧方向“DD”偏置到第一驱动位置，其中托架齿轮64与中间驱动齿轮46啮合接合，同时还与驱动齿轮82啮合接合。马达80当处于该第一驱动位置时，其激活将会造成齿轮82,46和24的旋转，这将最终造成第一驱动轴22旋转。
转移器螺线管71可由被枢转地支撑在柄部14的外壳12上的击发触发器90致动，如图1-图5所示。在示出的实施方案中，击发触发器90被枢转地支撑在安装在柄部14中的击发触发器轴92上。击发触发器90由击发触发器弹簧94垂直偏置到未致动的位置，如图3所示。将击发触发器90安装用于对可操作地支撑在容纳在柄部模块10的外壳12中的控制电路板组件100上的击发开关96进行可操作的致动。在示出的构造中，击发触发器90的致动引起转移器螺线管71的致动。击发触发器90的致动导致转移器螺线管71将传输托架62朝近侧方向“PD”牵拉，由此使托架齿轮64移动成与第二驱动齿轮44啮合接合。当托架齿轮64与驱动齿轮82和第二驱动齿轮44啮合接合时，马达80的致动将导致第二驱动轴42围绕第二驱动轴轴线“SDA”旋转。可转移的传输组件60还可包括指示器系统74，该指示器系统包括可操作地联接至控制板100以及传输指示灯77的一对开关75和76。开关75,76用于检测传输托架62的位置，这造成了控制系统根据传输托架62的位置致动指示灯77。例如，指示灯77可在传输托架62处于第一驱动位置时被通电。这向临床医生提供以下指示：马达80的致动将会引起第一驱动系统20的致动。
例如，马达80可为旋转最大值为约25,000RPM的DC有刷驱动马达。在其他布置中，马达可包括无刷马达、无绳马达、同步马达、步进马达、或任何其他合适的电动马达，包括可热压马达。马达80可由功率源84提供动力，在一个形式中，该功率源可包括电源组86，该电源组可移除地存储在柄部14的手枪式握把部19中。为了接取电源组86，临床医生移除附接在手枪式握把部19的底部处的可移除盖17。电源组86可在其中可操作地支撑多个电池单元(未示出)。电池单元各自可包括例如锂离子(“LI”)或其他合适电池类型。电源组86被构造用于以可移除方式可操作地附接到同样可操作地联接到马达80且安装在柄部14内的柄部模块10的控制电路板组件100。电源组86可包括串联连接的多个电池单元，其可用作外科器械的功率源。另外，例如，功率源84可为可替换的和/或可充电的，并且在至少一种情况下，可以包括CR123电池。
马达80可由枢转地安装到柄部14的手枪式握把部19的“摇臂-触发器”110致动。摇臂触发器110被构造成能够致动可操作地联接至控制板100的第一马达开关112。第一马达开关112可包括压力开关，该压力开关通过将摇臂触发器110枢转成与其接触来致动。第一马达开关112的致动将会引起马达80的致动，使得驱动齿轮82在第一旋转方向上旋转。第二马达开关114还附接至电路板100并且安装成由摇臂触发器110选择性地接触。第二马达开关114的致动将会引起马达80的致动，使得驱动齿轮82在第二方向上旋转。例如，在使用中，功率源84所提供的电压极性可在顺时针的方向上操作电动马达80，其中由电池施加到电动马达上的电压极性可以是相反的，以便在逆时针的方向上操作电动马达80。柄部14还可包括被构造成能够检测驱动系统移动的方向的传感器。
外壳12还可包括安装到其上的外科器械接触板30。相应地，各种DSM(例如，DSM 1、2、3)可包括配合的DSM接触板(参见‘590申请的图34-图60)。DSM接触板可被定位在DSM中，使得当DSM可操作地联接到柄部模块10时，端部执行器接触板电联接到安装在柄部模块10中的柄部模块接触板30。以这样的方式，数据和/或电功率可经由配合接触板在柄部模块10和DSM之间传送。
图6示出一种形式的机械联接系统50，该机械联接系统可用于促进将柄部模块10中的两个驱动系统20,40同时可移除且可操作地联接到DSM中的对应“从动”轴。联接系统50可包括可附接到柄部模块10中的驱动轴的阳联接器以及附接到外科DSM中的从动轴的阴插座联接器。阳联接器51中的每个被构造成能够驱动接收在也可附接到DSM内的从动轴的对应阴插座联接器57内。
用于驱动驱动系统20,40的布置在‘590申请中有所公开，包括柄部模块10可包括多个马达。
图7为包括柄部模块2102和DSM 2104的模块化的马达驱动外科器械2100的框图。柄部和DSM2102,2104包括通过通信和功率接口2110电联接的相应电气子系统2106,2108。柄部部分2102的电气子系统2106的部件由前述控制板100支撑，并且可连接到前述控制板100。通信和功率接口2110被构造成使得电信号和/或功率可容易地在柄部部分2102与轴部分2104之间交换。
在示出的实施例中，柄部模块2102的电气子系统2106电联接至各种电元件2112以及显示器2114。在一种情况下，显示器2114是有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器，但是显示器2114不应限于此上下文，并且可使用其他显示技术。DSM 2104的电气子系统2108电联接到DSM 2104的各种电元件2116。
在一方面，柄部模块2102的电气子系统2106包括螺线管驱动器2118、加速度计系统2120、马达控制器/驱动器2122、柄部处理器2124、调压器2126，并且被构造成能够从可位于DSM和/或柄部中的多个传感器开关2128接收输入。柄部处理器2124可为适用于医疗和外科器械应用的通用微控制器。在一种情况下，柄部处理器2124可为来自Texas Instruments的TM4C123BH6ZRB微控制器，其包括32位CortexTM-M4 80-MHz处理器和芯片上存储器，诸如256KB闪存、32KB SRAM、用于C系列软件的内部ROM，以及2KB EEPROM。电气子系统2106还可包括经由数据总线连接到柄部处理器2124的一个或多个单独的外部存储器芯片/电路(未示出)。如本文所述，“处理器”或“处理器电路”，诸如柄部处理器2124可实现为微控制器、微处理器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、或专用集成电路(ASIC)，其执行存储在相关联存储器中的程序代码(诸如固件和/或软件)来执行由程序代码编程的各种功能。
在一方面，柄部模块2102的电气子系统2106接收来自各种电子部件2112的信号，包括螺线管2132、夹持位置开关2134、击发位置开关2136、马达2138、电池组2140、OLED接口板2142(其驱动显示器2114)，以及各种开关，诸如打开开关2144(其指示闭合触发器是否打开)、闭合开关2146(其指示闭合触发器是否闭合)和击发开关2148(其指示击发开关是否激活)。马达2138可表示图2-图5中的马达80。
在一方面，DSM 2104的电气子系统2108包括轴处理器2130。DSM的电气子系统2108被构造成能够接收来自位于DSM中的各种开关和传感器2116的指示该DSM中的夹持钳口和切割元件的状态的信号。具体地讲，DSM的电气子系统2108可接收来自夹具打开的状态开关2150(其指示端部执行器夹具是否打开)、夹具闭合的状态开关2152(其指示端部执行器夹具是否闭合)、击发开始状态开关2154(其指示端部执行器是否开始击发)和击发结束状态开关2156(其指示端部执行器是否结束击发)的信号，使得各种开关指示夹具和切割元件的状态。
加速度计系统2120可包括感测柄部模块10的3轴运动的MEMS运动传感器，诸如来自STMicroelectronics的LIS331DLM加速度计。例如，马达控制器/驱动器2122可包括三相无刷DC(BLDC)控制器和MOSFET驱动器，诸如由Allegro提供的A3930马达控制器/驱动器。在一方面，模块化的马达驱动外科器械2100配备有无刷DC电动马达2138(BLDC马达、BL马达)，其也称为电子整流马达(ECM、EC马达)。一种此类马达是由Portescap所提供的BLDC马达B0610H4314。传感器开关2128可包括一个或多个单极性集成电路型霍尔效应传感器。调压器2126调节从功率源(例如，电池2140)供应到柄部模块2102和DSM 2104的各种电子部件的功率。可表示图1-图5中的电池组86的电池2140可为例如锂离子聚合物(LiPo)电池、聚合物锂离子和/或锂聚合物电池，例如，它们(缩写为Li-poly、Li-Pol、LiPo、LIP、PLi或LiP)是可充电的(二次电池)电池。LIPO电池2140可包括并联的若干(例如，四个或六个)相同的二次电池(“组”)。OLED接口2142是与包括有机发光二极管的OLED显示器2114的接口。
在一方面，DSM 2104的电气子系统2108的DSM处理器2130可实施为超低功率16位混合信号MCU，诸如来自Texas Instruments的MSP430FR5738超低功率MCU。除了别的之外，其可包括内部RAM非易失性存储器、CPU、A/D转换器、16通道比较器、以及能够具有I2C、SPI或UART协议的三个增强串行通道。子系统2108还可包括经由数据总线连接到DSM处理器2130的一个或多个单独的外部存储器芯片/电路。
关于柄部和DSM 2102,2104的示例性电气子系统的更多细节可见于‘590申请中。在操作中，柄部模块2102的电气子系统2106接收来自支撑在柄部模块部分2102的外壳(例如，外壳12)上的打开开关2144、闭合开关2146以及击发开关2148的信号。当从闭合开关2146接收到信号时，柄部处理器2124操作马达2138来发起夹持臂的闭合。一旦闭合夹具，该端部执行器中的夹具闭合的状态开关2152便向轴处理器2130发送信号，该轴处理器通过通信和功率接口2110将夹持臂的状态传送至柄部处理器2124。
一旦已经夹持靶组织，可致动击发开关2148来生成信号，该信号由柄部处理器2124接收。作为响应，柄部处理器2124将传输托架致动至其第二驱动位置，使得马达2138的致动将会引起第二驱动轴的旋转。一旦切割构件被定位，位于该端部执行器中的击发起始状态开关2154便向DSM处理器2130发送指示切割构件的位置的信号，轴处理器通过通信和功率接口2110将位置传送回柄部处理器2124。
再次致动第一开关2148将信号发送至柄部处理器2138，作为响应，该柄部处理器致动DSM中的第二驱动系统和击发系统以朝远侧驱动组织切割构件和楔形滑动件组件穿过外科钉仓。一旦组织切割构件和楔形滑动件组件已被驱动至它们在外科钉仓中的最远侧的位置，击发端部开关2156便向DSM处理器2130发送信号，轴处理器通过接口2110将位置传送回柄部处理器2124。现在，可激活击发开关2148来向柄部处理器2124发送信号，该柄部处理器操作马达2138反向旋转以使击发系统返回至其起始位置。
再次致动打开开关2144会向柄部处理器2124发送信号，该柄部处理器操作马达2138来打开夹具。一旦打开夹具，位于端部执行器中的夹具打开的状态开关2150便向轴处理器2130发送信号，该轴处理器将夹具位置传送至柄部处理器2124。夹具位置开关2134和击发位置开关2136向柄部处理器2124提供指示夹持臂和切割构件的相应位置的信号。
图8为可在各种情况下通过以下方式由柄部处理器2124执行的处理流程的图：对于柄部处理器2124执行存储在处理器的内部存储器中和/或连接到柄部处理器2124的外部存储器芯片/电路中的软件和/或固件指令。在步骤202处，柄部处理器2124对于所谓的“寿命事件”监测来自器械2100的传感器的输入信号。寿命事件是涉及柄部模块2102和/或DSM2104的事件或动作，其中一旦达到阈值数量的寿命事件，柄部模块2102便应该被撤回(即，不再使用)。寿命事件可为端部执行器的夹持、端部执行器的击发、这些事件的组合，和/或涉及柄部模块2102和/或DSM 2104的其他事件或动作，所述事件或动作可被器械2100感测到。例如，柄部模块2102的打开开关2144、闭合开关2146和击发开关2148可联接到柄部处理器2124。除了或代替上文所述，DSM 2104中的夹具打开的状态开关2150、夹具闭合的状态开关2152、击发开始状态开关2154和击发结束状态开关2156可联接到柄部处理器2124(经由接口2110)。根据柄部模块2102和器械2100的设计和应用，当这些相应开关中的一些或全部被激活，和/或在由柄部处理器2124检测到的特定序列中被激活时，寿命事件可能发生并且可被计数。例如，在各种具体实施中，每个检测到的夹具闭合以及每个检测到的击发可被计数为寿命事件。换句话讲，检测到的夹具闭合可包括第一寿命事件，并且检测到的击发可包括第二或不同的寿命事件。在其他具体实施中，夹具闭合、随后是击发的序列可计数为寿命事件。另外，如上所述，柄部处理器2124可使用例如来自柄部传感器2144,2146,2148和/或DSM传感器2150,2152,2154,2156的输入来检测寿命事件。
柄部处理器2124保持寿命事件的计数。当检测到寿命事件时，在步骤204处，柄部处理器2124使其内部或外部存储器中的寿命事件计数器的当前值递增。计数器可以是递增计数器，其中当寿命事件发生直到满足预设定的阈值时，计数增加一个计数(递增+1)；或者计数器可以是递减计数器，其中当寿命事件发生直到在从结束计数不同于预设定的阈值的值开始之后达到特定结束计数(例如，零)时，计数减小一个计数(递增-1)。考虑到作为寿命事件计数的特定传感器事件，可以将预设定的寿命事件计数阈值设置为柄部模块2102的制造商所期望的任何值。
如果寿命事件计数器在步骤206处达到预设定的寿命事件阈值，则在步骤208处，柄部处理器2124可发起一个或多个寿命终止动作，诸如使柄部模块2102的显示器2114或一些其他显示器(例如，用户可见的机械计数器)例如与柄部处理器2124连通，以指示柄部模块2102被耗尽(处于寿命终点)并且应该撤回。可以使用任何合适的视觉、触觉和/或听觉指示。例如，显示器2114可包括指示已经达到柄部模块的寿命终点的图标和/或文本。显示器2114还可诸如通过数字显示或音量指示器(满、接近空等)在进行的基础上指示寿命事件计数，例如，使得用户可监测柄部模块是否接近其寿命周期的终点。除了或代替寿命事件计数的恒定显示，显示器2114可具有图标和/或使用文本来显示柄部模块正在接近其寿命的终点(例如，“N使用左”)。柄部处理器2124还可发起在达到寿命终点计数时防止进一步使用柄部模块2102的条件，如下文进一步所述。如果尚未达到寿命终点计数，则柄部处理器2124继续针对寿命计数事件监测开关和传感器，直到达到寿命终止阈值。
可使用传感器的各种具体实施来检测某些寿命事件。例如，所使用的DSM(例如，DSM 1,2或3)可包括两个驱动轴，一个用于驱动闭合系统，并且一个用于驱动击发系统(各自分别由驱动系统20,40中的一个驱动)。每个这样的驱动轴可分别在夹持或击发事件期间向前驱动托架。因此，闭合和/或击发系统可包括当闭合或击发托架(视情况而定)接触它们时被触发的开关。开关可联接到柄部处理器2124，并且柄部处理器2124可在其接收来自已被触发的开关的信号时配准寿命事件计数。开关可以是可自动复位的按钮开关，该开关在其每次由驱动轴所驱动的托架接触并触发时都会复位。
对上文进行进一步描述，‘590申请描述了DSM 1-3可包括一对用于驱动各种不同类型的DSM的闭合和击发系统的导螺杆。此类导螺杆对的示例在‘590申请中示出，在其图34-图37处针对开放式线性缝合器，在其图38-图41处针对弯曲切割器缝合器，并且在其图42-图45处针对圆形外科缝合器。也可使用适用于柄部模块的其他DSM类型，诸如直线切割器和/或直角缝合器。由于不同的DSM可与柄部模块一起使用，所以柄部模块(例如，柄部处理器2124)可使用更复杂的算法来追踪柄部模块使用和剩余寿命，这取决于使用和击发各种类型的DSM的次数。例如，在一个例示中，柄部处理器2124可计算逐渐累积的寿命事件分数，该分数由不同的DSM不同地对使用进行加权(例如，取决于它们在柄部模块上的压力如何)，并将分数与预先确定的阈值进行比较。当柄部模块的分数达到阈值时，柄部模块被撤回(例如，采取一个或多个寿命终止动作)。例如，柄部处理器2124可基于以下关系计算寿命事件分数：
其中i＝1,…N表示可与柄部模块一起使用的不同DSM类型(例如，直线切割器、线性开放式、圆形、弯曲、直角缝合器等)，Wi为DSM类型i的加权因数，并且Fi,j为在涉及DSM类型i的j＝1,…S程序中DSM类型i的击发数量。通常在柄部模块上施加较小应力的DSM类型可具有比通常在柄部模块上施加更大应力的DSM类型低的权重W。这样，在各种布置中，在所有其他条件相同的情况下，仅用于高应力程序的柄部模块将在仅用于应力较小的程序的柄部模块之前到期。
图9示出柄部处理器2124可执行以计算寿命事件分数和/或将寿命事件分数与阈值分数进行比较的示例性处理流程。在此类情况下，柄部处理器2124可执行存储在例如内部和/或外部存储器中的固件和/或软件。假设柄部模块的阈值分数尚未达到，则处理在框250处开始，其中柄部处理器2124对于即将进行的程序接收输入。这样的输入中的至少一个可包括对附接到柄部模块的DSM类型的识别，当DSM连接到柄部模块时以及/或者当柄部处理器2124和DSM处理器2130在其间建立数据连接时，柄部处理器可从DSM处理器2130接收该识别。在识别和/或认证DSM的过程中，DSM处理器2130将标识符发送到柄部处理器2124，该柄部处理器识别附接到柄部模块的DSM的类型(例如，直线切割器、圆形等)。接下来在步骤252处，柄部处理器2124追踪柄部模块在外科手术期间被击发的次数。柄部处理器2124可例如通过追踪击发触发器已被激活的次数和/或通过追踪来自DSM的反馈(诸如端部执行器仓已被替换的指示)来追踪柄部模块已被击发的次数。
在该程序之后和/或在任何其他合适的时间处，现在参见步骤254，柄部处理器2124可通过将刚刚完成的程序的分数加到先前的分数来更新柄部处理器的寿命事件分数。刚刚完成的程序的分数可基于将程序Wi中使用的DSM类型的权重与程序S中的击发数量相乘。柄部处理器2124可通过在步骤250处基于从DSM接收的类型标识符，在查找表(存储在内部和/或外部存储器中)中查找权重来确定DSM类型Wi的权重。在步骤256处，柄部处理器将柄部模块的更新寿命事件分数与预设定的阈值分数进行比较以确定柄部模块是否处于其寿命的终点。如果已经达到阈值，则处理推进到步骤258，其中采取用于柄部模块的一个或多个寿命终止动作，诸如本文所述的寿命终止动作中的一个或多个。另一方面，如果尚未达到阈值，则处理可推进到步骤260，使得可在至少再一个程序中使用柄部模块，由此重复图9的处理。
器械所经历的加载条件可用于追踪柄部模块和DSM的使用，以评估柄部模块和DSM中的一者或两者是否应该被撤回。一个这样的例示可涉及例如将由器械实际施加以驱动端部执行器的击发构件的力与器械预期经受的力进行比较。类似地，可将实际施加以使击发构件回缩的力与器械预期经受的力进行比较以便评估柄部模块和/或DSM是否应该被撤回。柄部模块可基于柄部模块预期经受的力水平而被额定为击发的阈值数量。类似地，DSM可基于DSM预期经受的力水平而被额定为击发的阈值数量。柄部模块阈值数量和DSM阈值数量可为相同或不同的。如果由柄部模块和/或DSM经受的实际力显著超过预期的力水平，则柄部处理器和/或DSM处理器(视情况而定)可确定柄部模块和/或DSM应该在达到其预期的击发数量之前被撤回。
在一些情况下，对上文进行进一步描述，由柄部模块和/或DSM施加的力在击发构件的整个击发行程中可为恒定的；然而，由柄部模块和/或DSM施加的力在整个击发行程中改变是很常见的。在任一种情况下，由柄部模块施加的力和/或预期待由柄部模块施加的力可取决于击发构件位置。类似地，由DSM施加的力和/或预期待由DSM施加的力可取决于击发构件位置。特定类型的DSM可具有预期击发力，该预期击发力与DSM在其整个长度上的击发行程相关，即，击发构件的初始起始位置与其行程结束位置之间的距离。DSM也可具有预期回缩力，该预期回缩力与DSM在其整个长度上的回缩行程相关，即，击发构件的行程结束位置与其起始位置之间的距离。图10A示出一种类型的DSM的预期力的示例。上部曲线270示出在击发构件从其起始位置到其行程结束位置横贯端部执行器时的预期击发力，并且下部曲线272示出在击发构件回缩回到其起始位置时的预期回缩力。在该特定实施例中，预期击发力大于预期回缩力。
对于每次击发，对上文进行进一步描述，柄部模块和/或DSM处理器可追踪行程长度的每单位距离增量(例如，1毫米)施加的力。此外，柄部模块和/或DSM处理器可追踪针对行程长度的每个距离增量施加的力，然后将实际力与预期力进行比较，以查看施加的实际力是否超过预期力。测量在击发和回缩期间由器械施加的力的一种方式是在击发和回缩行程期间测量马达的扭矩输出。在至少一种情况下，马达的扭矩输出可基于由马达消耗的电流和马达速度来确定。在至少一种这样的情况下，施加到马达的电压是恒定的。电流可用电流传感器测量；例如，可用编码器来测量马达速度。图10A示出与预期击发行程力和预期回缩行程力偏离的示例性力测量。在该图中，为了说明的简单起见，所有测量的力都超过预期力，并且只有测量的力与预期力之间的差值由用于击发行程的线段274示出，并且由用于回缩行程的虚线段276示出。读者应当理解，一个或多个测量的力可能小于其相应的预期力。
图10B为由柄部模块处理器和/或DSM处理器通过执行存储在柄部模块和/或DSM(视情况而定)的存储器中的固件和/或软件来执行的示例性处理流程的图。现在参见步骤280，处理器可沿着器械的击发行程和/或回缩行程以每个单位长度增量(以下表示为ΔL)聚集(即，累积)测量的力与预期力之间的差值。例如，可基于以下关系来计算击发行程和后续回缩行程的累积力差值：
其中EOS表示行程结束位置；和分别表示在位置ΔL处的测量击发力和预期击发力；并且Fm,r,ΔL和Fe,r,ΔL分别表示在位置ΔL处的测量回缩力和预期回缩力。在步骤282处，对于柄部模块和/或DSM所经历的击发中的每次，处理器然后可通过将每次击发的累积的力差值相加来累积力差值。
关于一个具体实施方案，对上文进行进一步描述，处理器可实时计算累积力差值。在至少一种情况下，处理器可计算每个击发和回缩循环之后的力差值。在某些情况下，处理器可计算每个外科手术之后的力差值，该外科手术可包括不止一个击发和回缩循环。例如，如果在特定程序中有七(7)次击发，则处理器将对七次击发中的每次的步骤280的结果求和。接下来，在步骤284处，通过将最近完成的程序的累积力差值加到最近完成的程序之前的总和(或在模块的第一程序的情况下为零)，柄部可更新柄部模块和/或DSM的总累积力差值。在步骤286处，处理器然后可将更新的累积力差值总和与阈值进行比较。如果阈值已达到或以其他方式满足，则处理推进到步骤288，其中采取柄部模块或DSM(视情况而定)的寿命终止动作。相反，如果在步骤286处，处理器确定阈值尚未达到，则可再次使用柄部模块和/或DSM(视情况而定)。
即使累积力差值阈值尚未达到，柄部模块和/或DSM(视情况而定)也可根据不同阈值达到其寿命终点。例如，图10B的处理可在步骤286之后推进到步骤289，其中处理器将涉及柄部模块和/或DSM(视情况而定)的程序的总数与程序计数阈值进行比较。在至少一个实施例中，柄部模块可具有20个程序的程序计数阈值，并且DSM可具有10个程序的程序计数阈值。其他实施例是可能的。在至少一个其他实施例中，柄部模块和DSM可具有相同的程序计数阈值。如果程序计数阈值已达到，则在步骤288处发起柄部模块和/或DSM(视情况而定)的寿命终止动作。相反，如果程序计数阈值尚未达到，则处理推进到步骤290，其中为另一个程序准备柄部模块和/或DSM。用于追踪程序计数的本文所述的技术中的任一种可用于检测程序的结束。
在各种实施方案中，柄部处理器可执行对柄部模块和DSM两者的计算，然后将DSM的结果传送到DSM处理器，以使得DSM处理器可在需要时发起寿命终止动作。类似地，DSM处理器可执行对柄部模块和DSM两者的计算，然后将柄部模块的结果传送到柄部处理器，以使得柄部处理器可在需要时发起寿命终止动作。在另一种布置中，可在程序之后将程序的所有测量的力下载到远程处理器，诸如检查操作台中的处理器，或例如在程序后处理的程序之后连接到柄部模块另一个基于远程计算机或处理器的系统。例如，结合图12A-图12B公开了这样的检查操作台。
10C结合图10D和图10E示出柄部处理器可采用以监测柄部模块例如是否已经达到其寿命终点的另一示例性处理流程。图10C所示的处理基于由柄部模块在其寿命期间使用的能量来确定柄部模块是否已达到其寿命终点，该能量的示例性图表在图10D中示出。图10D示出作为柄部模块的使用或击发的函数的柄部模块消耗的聚集或累积的能量。除了或代替上文所述，图10C所示的处理可基于在柄部模块的每次击发期间使用的功率来确定柄部模块是否已达到其寿命终点，该功率的示例性图表示于图10E中。图10E示出对于柄部模块的每次单独击发消耗的功率。在至少一个具体实施方案中，在实现图10C的示例性处理中，处理器监测由柄部模块消耗的总能量是否超过各种阈值(参见图10D)，并且同时确定柄部模块是否具有高于阈值功率水平的一定数量的击发(参见图10E)。当已经满足这两个条件时，在至少一种情况下，柄部处理器可断定柄部模块处于其寿命终点。在某些情况下，柄部处理器可利用任何数量的多因素测试(每个测试具有阈值)以确定柄部模块是否处于其寿命终点。在至少一种情况下，如果已经满足或超过任何测试阈值，则柄部处理器可确定其已经达到其寿命终点。
在程序之后，柄部处理器可通过执行存储在内部和/或外部存储器中的固件和/或软件来执行图10C的处理以确定柄部模块是否处于其寿命终点。在步骤290处，柄部处理器可将柄部模块在其寿命期间累积的能量与第一阈值能量等级(即，图10D中的能量等级1)进行比较。例如，能量等级1可以是40kJ。柄部模块可包括连接到柄部模块的一个或多个马达的微瓦或功率计以测量和记录一个或多个马达的电参数，使得一个或多个马达的能量和功率输出可被确定。例如，如果达到或超过第一阈值能量等级(即，能量等级1)，则柄部处理器可在步骤291处确定柄部模块处于其寿命终点并且发起寿命终止动作，诸如本文所述的寿命终止动作中的一个或多个。
如果在步骤290处柄部处理器确定第一阈值能量等级(即，能量等级1)尚未满足，则处理推进到步骤292，其中柄部模块确定是否已满足第二(例如，较低)能量阈值，即，图10D中的能量等级2。例如，能量等级2可以是30kJ。如果达到或超过第二阈值能量等级(而不达到或超过第一阈值能量等级)，则处理推进到步骤293，其中柄部处理器确定柄部模块在其寿命期间是否已经经历超过第一功率水平阈值一定数量的击发，例如大于55瓦特的两次击发(参见图10E)。如果已经满足或超过第二能量等级阈值并且功率水平阈值已经满足或超过预先确定的次数，则柄部处理器可确定柄部模块处于其寿命终点。然而，如果功率水平阈值尚未满足或超过预先确定的次数，则即使已经满足或超过第二能量等级阈值，柄部处理器也可确定柄部模块尚未达到其寿命终点。步骤292和293的双重因素可以是对柄部模块寿命的另一个测试，并且如果柄部模块不能同时进行两个测试(即，已经满足两个阈值或条件)，则可确定柄部模块处于其寿命终点。
柄部处理器可执行任何数量的此类双重因素测试。图10C的示例示出一个另外的此类双重因素测试。如果步骤292和293的双重因素均不满足，则处理可推进到步骤294，其中柄部模块确定是否已经满足第三(例如，仍更低的)能量阈值，即能量等级3。例如，能量等级3可以是25kJ。如果已经达到或超过第三阈值能量等级(而不达到或超过第三阈值能量等级)，则处理推进到步骤295，其中柄部处理器确定柄部模块在其寿命期间是否具有一定数量的击发(优选地，大于在步骤293处检查到的此类击发的数量)，该数量超过第二功率水平阈值(其可与步骤293处的功率水平阈值相同或不同)，例如大于55瓦特的四次击发。步骤294和295的双重因素可以是对柄部模块寿命的另一个测试，并且如果柄部模块不能同时进行两个测试(即，已经满足阈值或条件)，则可确定柄部模块处于其寿命终点。否则，柄部处理器可确定柄部模块不处于其寿命终点并且可在随后的程序中使用。
显而易见的是，可以各种顺序执行图10C的步骤，同时仍然实现相同的结果。例如，步骤294和295可在步骤290之前执行，以此类推。
根据目前的最佳实践，柄部模块在用于执行外科手术之前应该进行灭菌。在各种情况下，柄部模块被放置在灭菌托盘中，该灭菌托盘然后被放置在灭菌室中。除了或代替上述用于追踪柄部模块的寿命终点的方式，柄部模块被放置在用于灭菌的灭菌托盘中的次数可用于追踪柄部模块的寿命终点。换句话讲，柄部模块被灭菌的次数可用作对柄部模块被使用的次数的代表。在至少一个示例性实施方案中，每个柄部模块具有其自身的灭菌托盘，该灭菌托盘保持该特定柄部模块的灭菌计数。在这样的布置中，灭菌托盘可包括计数器，每当相关联的柄部模块被放置在托盘中时，该计数器递增。计数器可具有视觉读出显示器，如果使用递增计数器，或者在使用递减计数器时剩余或允许灭菌数量，则该视觉读出显示器可显示柄部模块已被灭菌的次数。这样，用户可以知道何时达到灭菌极限，因此，用户可撤回柄部模块和/或采取其他适当的寿命终止措施。为了将柄部模块放置在灭菌托盘中以用于代表柄部模块被灭菌的次数，并且因此代表柄部模块已被使用的次数，柄部模块应当在一个且仅一个灭菌托盘中灭菌。这样，计数器不会对其他柄部模块在托盘中的放置进行计数。因此，柄部模块和灭菌托盘可被设置在一起例如作为药盒，并且它们可包括标识符(例如，数字或图标)，该标识符显示它们要一起使用。例如，柄部模块和DSM可单独或一起灭菌。
图11A示出示例性灭菌托盘300和能够定位在灭菌托盘300中的柄部模块302。灭菌托盘300限定开口或凹陷部304，其形状与要放置在其中的柄部模块302的形状相匹配。凹陷部304被构造成能够紧密地接收柄部模块302，使得可能在它们之间的相对运动很少(如果有的话)。灭菌托盘300包括具有延伸到开口304中的杠杆臂308的行程计数器306。行程计数器306还包括计数器视觉读出器310。当用户将柄部模块302放置在开口304中时，杠杆臂端部308被按压、切换或进行行程，这配准为计数，从而对于递增计数器将行程计数器306递增1(或对于递减计数器-1)，这显示在读出器310上。为了减少杠杆臂306的假切换或行程，在各种布置中，杠杆臂端部308可包括被构造成能够装配到限定在柄部模块302中的对应开口314中的突起312。图11B示出在其被放置在灭菌托盘300中之后的柄部模块302。杠杆臂端部308在图11B中不可见，因为其在柄部模块302下方。当柄部模块302被定位在开口304中时，计数器读出器310保持对用户可见。
图11C和图11D示出其中柄部模块302可被放置在具有DSM 312的灭菌托盘300中的变型。柄部模块302在许多方面类似于柄部模块10，并且DSM 312表示示例性DSM。在这样的布置中，灭菌托盘300包括用于接收柄部模块302的柄部模块开口318，柄部模块杠杆计数器314，以及柄部模块计数器读出器316。托盘300还包括用于接收DSM 312的DSM开口324，DSM杠杆计数器320，以及DSM计数器读出器322。在这样的布置中，柄部模块302和DSM 312应当仅在特定灭菌托盘300中被灭菌，使得它们各自的灭菌可被精确地追踪。柄部模块计数器312示出柄部模块302已在灭菌托盘300中被灭菌的次数和/或剩余的灭菌数量。DSM计数器324示出DSM 312已在灭菌托盘300中被灭菌的次数和/或剩余的灭菌数量。柄部模块302可在没有DSM 312的情况下被灭菌，并且反之亦然，在这种情况下，它们相应的计数可能不相等。
图11E至图11I示出用于使用灭菌托盘300以追踪柄部模块的使用的其他布置。在图11E中，灭菌托盘300包括从灭菌托盘中的开口304的底部向上延伸的突起340。当柄部模块302被坐置在开口304中时，突起340被定位成延伸到限定在柄部模块302中的对应开口342中。如图11F所示，柄部模块302可包括两位机械拨动开关344，当开关344处于第一位置时，其具有延伸到由柄部302限定的开口342中的部分。当柄部模块302被放置在灭菌托盘300中时，开口342与突起340对准，使得突起340将开关344推动到第二位置，如图11G所示。开关344可与柄部处理器连通，并且当开关344从第一位置(图11F)移动到第二位置(图11G)时，柄部处理器可更新内部灭菌计数(存储在柄部模块的内部处理器存储器和/或外部处理器存储器中)。在这样的实施方案中，柄部模块302可包括如本文所述的功率源以向柄部处理器供电，并且在灭菌期间更新灭菌计数。这样的功率源可包括二次电池，该二次电池不从柄部模块移除，即使一次电池从柄部模块302移除。柄部处理器可将灭菌计数与预先确定的阈值(例如，20次灭菌)进行比较，并且当灭菌计数达到预先确定的阈值时，柄部处理器可实现例如本文所述的各种寿命终止动作中的一个或多个。开关344可保持在“触发”或“激活”状态，直到其在稍后的时间(诸如在灭菌处理之后)被复位，例如(参见图36)。一旦柄部模块302从托盘300移除并且突起340从开口342移除，开关344便可被弹簧偏压，例如以恢复到其打开位置。柄部模块处理器还可设置内部标记以指示柄部模块302被放置在灭菌托盘300中，并且该标记可在灭菌处理之后稍后被复位(参见图37)。图11H和图11I示出与接触开关348类似的实施方案。当柄部模块302被放置在灭菌托盘300中时，开口342与突起340对准，使得当柄部模块302坐置在开口304中时，突起340闭合接触开关348，如图11G所示。接触开关348与柄部处理器连通以更新柄部模块的灭菌计数。例如，当柄部302从托盘300移除并且由插入的突起340施加到接触开关348的压力被移除时，接触开关348可被偏压以通过弹簧恢复到其打开位置(图11H)。
除了或代替上述用于追踪柄部模块的寿命终点的方式，可通过使用柄部模块可连接的检查操作台追踪柄部模块的寿命终点。检查操作台可在任何合适的时间用于评估柄部模块是否可用于执行外科手术和/或外科手术中的后续步骤。例如，检查操作台可在柄部模块的灭菌处理之前、期间和/或之后使用，并且/或者在准备柄部模块以供再利用时使用。在例如以下步骤之后，柄部模块可被连接到检查操作台：(i)在程序之后柄部模块的可重复使用部件的后处理清理(通常涉及手动擦拭部件或器械)；(ii)部件或器械的净化(例如，通过自动洗涤器)；和/或(iii)部件或器械的清洁和/或室内干燥。将柄部模块放置在检查操作台上可为对柄部模块被使用、灭菌和/或以其他方式处理以供再利用的次数的代表。检查操作台(或其他地方)上的显示器可向用户指示柄部模块在检查操作台上的放置的阈值数量何时已达到或即将达到，此时用户可相对于柄部模块采取适当动作，诸如使其撤回。另外，当柄部模块已达到其寿命终点时，检查操作台可将数据上传到柄部处理器，该柄部处理器防止柄部模块的进一步使用(例如，停用柄部模块)。
对上文进行进一步描述，图12A和图12B示出示例性检查操作台400和柄部模块402。柄部模块402在许多方面类似于柄部模块10。图12A示出在被放置在检查操作台400上之前的柄部模块402，并且图12B示出在被放置到检查操作台400上的位置之后的柄部模块402。类似于本文所公开的其他实施方案，柄部模块402包括限定在其中的电池腔体403，该电池腔体被构造成能够将电池组接收在其中。参见例如图2-图5中的电池组86。如本文另外在其他地方所公开的，电池组可能够容易地插入电池腔体403中并从电池腔体403移除。图12A还示出电池组从柄部模块402移除，从而在柄部模块402被放置在检查系统400上之前暴露电池腔体403。检查操作台400包括从其延伸的插入件或数据/电源适配器404，其尺寸和构造使得其装配在柄部模块402的电池腔体403内。数据/电源适配器404被放置成经由被构造成能够接合电池组的电源端子的电源触点和/或经由被定位在电池腔体403中的一个或多个信号触点与柄部模块的处理器通信，如下文进一步详细所述。柄部模块402可通过将开口403在数据/电源适配器404上滑动而被定位在检查操作台400上。
图12C为示出检查操作台400和柄部模块402的某些部件的框图。数据/电源适配器404包括电源端子430，该电源端子以相同或相似的方式向柄部模块402的调压器432提供跨过电压，其中电池组在电池组被定位在开口403中时向调压器432提供电压。例如，如果电池组被构造成能够向调压器432供应6V DC，则插入件404可被构造成能够例如向调压器432供应6V DC。调压器432向柄部模块402的控制板100(参见图1-图6)提供电力以为控制板100的部件供电，该部件包括例如柄部处理器434和相关联的内部和/或外部存储器436。检查操作台400本身可通过使用适当的AC-DC转换器的电源线437由AC功率源供电。检查操作台400包括数据端口438，当柄部模块402与检查操作台400接合时该数据端口与柄部模块402的数据端口440接触，使得柄部处理器434可与检查操作台处理器442连通。如读者将理解的，检查操作台400还可包括与检查操作台处理器442相关联的内部和/或外部存储器444。
图12D为当执行柄部存储器436和/或检查操作台存储器444中的软件和/或固件时由柄部处理器434和/或检查操作台处理器442进行以追踪和响应柄部模块402被放置在检查操作台400上的次数的处理流程的图。在各种布置中，每当柄部模块402被安装在检查装置400上使得插入件404进行到柄部模块402的控制板100的数据和/或电力连接时，柄部处理器434可使检查计数器递增。检查计数器可以是从零到预设定的阈值检查数量的递增计数器或从预设定的阈值检查数量到零的递减计数器。在至少一种情况下，柄部模块402包括当数据/电源适配器404被完全并适当地插入开口403时被触发的检查操作台插入开关446(图12C)。该开关446可经由控制板100与柄部处理器434连通，并且当在图12D的步骤420处触发开关446时，柄部处理器434可在步骤422处使检查计数器递增(视情况而定+1或-1，这取决于计数器的类型)。在步骤424处，柄部处理器434可将检查计数与预先确定的阈值进行比较。如果阈值尚未达到，则在步骤426处柄部处理器434可在与检查操作台400经由插入件404进行数据通信时将检查计数器的值输出到检查操作台处理器442。
参见图12E，检查操作台400可包括视觉显示器448，其显示与检查计数器有关的视觉信息，诸如柄部模块402已被放置在检查操作台400上的次数和/或在柄部模块402例如已达到其寿命终点之前，柄部模块402应被放置在检查操作台400上以用于检查的剩余次数(或近似次数)。然而，如果检查计数阈值已达到，则处理可推进到步骤428，其中可采取适当的寿命终止动作。一个这样的寿命终止动作是检查操作台400的显示器448可向用户可视地显示柄部模块402不应再进一步使用。除了或代替视觉显示器可采用的另一个寿命终止动作是检查操作台处理器442将指令串发送到柄部处理器434，该指令串使得柄部处理器434不能进一步使用柄部模块402。例如，指令串可指示柄部处理器434在此之后从不致动柄部模块402的马达或一些其他停用动作。例如，指令串可指示柄部处理器设置标记，在设置时，该标记防止柄部处理器434致动马达。
在各种实施方案中，检查操作台插入开关446可为压力开关，该压力开关在数据/电源适配器404被完全插入开口403中时被致动，并且在数据/电源适配器404从开口403移除或至少部分地移除时被复位。在各个方面，可以存在与检查操作台插入开关446相关联的计时器，使得检查操作台计数器仅在开关446被激活至少阈值时间段(例如，30秒等)的情况下递增(图12D的步骤422)。这样的计时器可减少假阳性的数量，即，柄部模块402在检查操作台400上短暂放置可能不与柄部模块402的程序后检查相关联。
在另一变型中，检查操作台400包括具有计数器的压力开关，该计数器的读数被显示给用户。检查操作台压力开关通过将柄部模块402放置在检查操作台400上来激活。例如，检查操作台压力开关可在检查操作台400的插入件404的基部处，使得当柄部模块402完全滑动到插入件404上时，检查操作台压力开关被激活。每当检查操作台压力开关被激活时，可更新计数器(例如，递增1)，以使得读出器示出柄部模块402已被安装在检查系统400上的次数。这样的计数器可为例如机械计数器和/或电子计数器。如果极限或阈值显示在检查操作台400上，显示在柄部模块402上和/或以其他方式向用户公布，则用户可知道极限已经达到还是正在接近。在至少一种情况下，极限可被印刷在例如检查操作台400和/或柄部模块402上。
检查操作台400的显示器448还可显示通过检查操作台400获得并且/或者经由其间的数据连接从柄部模块402传送到检查操作台400的其他信息。例如，柄部处理器存储器可存储用于柄部模块的装置类型标识符(例如，序列号)，并且该装置类型标识符可被下载到检查操作台处理器442以用于在显示器448上显示。除了或代替上文所述，显示器448可例如基于从柄部处理器434接收的状态数据来指示柄部模块的状态，诸如柄部模块到达其寿命终点的接近程度和/或柄部模块是否已被锁定。如本文所述，显示器448可指示柄部模块的剩余使用(例如，程序)数量和/或其中柄部模块已被使用的程序的数量。如本文所公开，检查操作台400还可用于执行柄部模块402的程序后测试以确保柄部模块402可以在随后程序中使用。该测试可包括例如水分测试，密封完整性测试和/或模拟负载测试。显示器可指示这些测试的结果(例如，通过、失败、进行中)。
除了或代替上文所述，检查操作台400的显示器448可指示检查操作台本身的状态，诸如检查操作台是否(i)从柄部模块下载数据，(ii)将数据和/或软件升级上传到柄部模块，(iii)处理数据，和/或(iv)执行测试。显示器448可指示来自测试和数据处理的结果，诸如柄部模块是否准备好在另一程序中使用，柄部模块是否需要维修，柄部模块的保修是否由于例如柄部模块已经达到其阈值使用数量而到期，和/或其他警告。检查操作台400的显示器448可为例如由检查操作台处理器442控制的LED背光LCD显示器。检查操作台400还可包括控制按钮410，如图12E所示，其中用户可输入由检查操作台处理器442存储和使用的数据和/或构型设置。显示器448还可为触摸屏，其中用户可例如经由触摸屏输入数据和/或构型设置。检查操作台400可包括例如外部数据端口412，诸如USB、微型或小型USB，以用于连接到数据缆线414，使得数据可从检查操作台400上传或下载到该检查操作台。例如，来自柄部模块402的程序数据可被下载到检查操作台400，然后经由数据端口412下载到远程计算机装置。软件和/或固件升级可经由数据端口412从远程计算机装置下载到检查操作台400，然后上传到例如柄部模块402。
图13A和图13B示出用于通过追踪电源组在柄部模块中的安装来追踪柄部模块的使用的布置。图13A为柄部模块500的框图。柄部模块500在许多方面类似于柄部模块10。柄部模块500包括例如可移除电源组502(诸如电池)和柄部处理器504。图13B示出可由柄部处理器504执行的处理流程。该处理可在与处理器504相关联的存储器506中由固件和/或软件执行。如图13A所示，电源组502可包括例如识别发射器508(诸如RFID标签)，该识别发射器可在柄部模块500中与识别接收器510(诸如RFID读取器)通信。识别发射器508是例如无线信号发射器；然而，可使用任何合适的识别发射器。识别接收器510是例如与柄部处理器504通信的无线信号接收器，然而，可使用任何合适的识别接收器。识别发射器508发送可由识别接收器510接收的电源组502的唯一ID。可以控制或限制由识别发射器508发射的信号的强度，使得当电源组502非常接近(例如，在10cm内)识别接收器510时，识别接收器510只能检测从识别发射器508发射的信号。在至少一种情况下，识别接收器510可被安装在控制板100(图2-图4)上，使得当电源组502已被插入柄部模块500中时识别接收器510只能检测识别发射器508。在各种情况下，可以使用短距离RFID标签和读取器，使得识别接收器510不太可能错误地检测未安装在柄部模块500中的电源组502。
参见图13B所示的处理流程，识别读取器510在步骤520处检测识别发射器。在步骤522处，柄部处理器504基于由识别接收器510接收的其ID来确定电源组502是否是新的电源组。在该上下文中的术语“新的”意指特定电源组502尚未与特定柄部模块500一起使用。柄部处理器504可通过将新检测到的电源组502的ID与先前由识别接收器510检测到的电源组ID的存储列表进行比较来执行该步骤。例如，这样的先前使用的电源组ID的列表被存储在柄部模块500的非易失性存储器中。如果电源组502不是新的，即，其ID在先前使用的电源组的存储列表上，则在适当的情况下处理推进到步骤524，并且采取预设定的动作。例如，柄部处理器504可停用柄部模块500，直到在柄部模块500中安装新的，即先前无法识别的电源组。在至少一种这样的情况下，柄部模块500可停用马达80。除了或代替上文所述，柄部模块500的显示器可向用户显示电源组不是新的，并且要求安装不同的电源组，这使处理返回到步骤520。
如果处理器504确定电源组502是新的，即，电源组502的ID不在先前使用的电源组的存储列表上，则处理推进到步骤526，其中柄部处理器504使柄部模块500的使用计数递增。如前所述，可以使用递增计数器和/或递减计数器。在步骤528处，柄部处理器504将使用计数与预设定的阈值进行比较，该预设定的阈值表示柄部模块500应与不同的独特电源组一起使用的次数。这样的使用计数可用作对柄部模块500已在患者程序中使用的次数的代表。如果在步骤528处已经达到使用计数阈值，则可在步骤529处采取预设定的寿命终止动作。例如，柄部处理器504可停用马达，柄部模块显示器可例如向用户显示柄部模块500没有剩余的使用，并且/或者激活警报，从而警告用户没有剩余的使用。如果使用计数阈值尚未达到，则在步骤530处柄部处理器504将新电源组502的ID添加到先前使用的电源组的存储列表中，使得新电源组502在其当前使用之后不能被使用。在其他变型中，图13B中所示的步骤可以不同顺序执行。例如，在递增使用计数之前，可将新的电源组ID添加到存储列表。以下结合图14E和图15A-图15B描述用于追踪电源组在柄部模块中的安装的其他技术。
上文结合图13A和图13B所述的实施方案可与可充电和/或不可充电的电池组一起使用。也就是说，与柄部模块500一起使用、再充电、然后与相同的柄部模块500一起重新使用的电池组可使得柄部模块500进入锁定模式。关于该特定实施方案，再充电的电池组将必须与不同柄部模块一起重新使用。据此，可以设想到柄部模块500的实施方案，其中再充电的电池组可与相同的柄部模块500一起重新使用。
在至少一种情况下，处理器504可采用防止电池组502针对相同用途被计数两次或更多次的逻辑。在至少一种情况下，处理器504可以不再次对电池组502进行计数，除非它已经与柄部模块500脱离接合并重新接合。即使如此，处理器504可在将随后的接合计数为第二次使用之前，要求在第一接合和随后的接合之间经过一段时间。这样的经过时间可能是例如对电池组进行再充电所花费的时间。
除了或代替上文所述，柄部模块可追踪DSM连接到柄部模块和/或与该柄部模块断开连接的次数，作为对柄部模块已被使用的次数的代表。柄部模块可显示例如更新的柄部模块剩余的使用数量，估计的柄部模块剩余的使用数量(诸如用指示剩余寿命百分比的音量指示器)，和/或柄部模块已经被使用的次数。当使用阈值极限已达到时，柄部模块可经由柄部处理器采取例如一个或多个寿命终止动作，诸如显示柄部模块被用尽，通过停用马达来进一步禁止使用柄部模块，和/或发出声音警报。图14A-图14G表示用于追踪DSM到柄部模块的连接和断开连接的不同布置，如下文进一步更详细地讨论。
现在转到图14A，在许多方面类似于柄部模块10的柄部模块600包括两个旋转驱动系统602,604。具有上述两个驱动系统的DSM可以可操作地联接到旋转驱动系统602,604。DSM可具有沟槽，该沟槽被构造成能够接收并滑动到限定在柄部模块600的上部部分上的连接区域608中的舌状物的双边边缘605A,605B上。在这样的布置中，柄部模块600可在舌状物上(如图14A所示)和/或在连接区域608中的其他地方包括可按压开关612，使得当DSM，诸如DSM 634(图14B和图14C)例如连接到柄部模块600时，可按压开关612被按压。在至少一种情况下，在DSM已被完全坐置到柄部模块600上之前，DSM可能不会按压开关612。开关612可被连接到柄部处理器，其中柄部处理器可对可按压开关612被按压的次数进行计数作为对DSM已经连接到柄部模块600的次数的代表和/或作为对柄部模块600已被使用的次数的代表。另外，柄部处理器可以要求在使计数递增之前将可按压开关612连续按压至少一定时间段(例如，30秒)，以减少假阳性的情况。当开关612的使用或激活的预设定的阈值数量已达到时，可执行寿命终止动作，如本文所述。
图14B和图14C示出机电可按压开关612的一种布置。如图所示，可按压开关612包括头部620，该头部延伸到限定在柄部模块600的舌状物和/或任何其他合适的DSM配合表面中的开口622中。头部620可处于弹簧臂624的端部处，该弹簧臂被构造成能够将头部620的位置向上偏置到开口622中。弹簧臂624还包括定位在限定在柄部模块600中的延伸部或边缘628后面的肩部626，其限制开口622中的头部620到期望位置的向上运动。可按压开关612还包括触点630。当开关612处于未致动或打开条件时，如图14B所示，弹簧臂624不与触点630接合；当DSM 634附接到柄部模块600并向下推动头部620时，如图14C所示，弹簧臂624的肩部626接合触点630并闭合开关612。DSM 634包括从其延伸的突出部632，其被构造成能够接触头部620。开关臂624和触点630可由导电材料构成，当头部620被DSM 634向下按压时，该导电材料可完成与柄部处理器连通的电路，如上所述。
现在参见图14D，柄部模块700可包括电接触板702，该电接触板与DSM706上的对应电接触板704交接/配合并与其进行电连接。在至少一种情况下，柄部模块700的处理器可对DSM(诸如DSM 706)例如被组装到柄部模块700的次数进行计数。当DSM 706的触点704接合柄部模块700的触点702并且在其间进行工作数据连接时，处理器可增加DSM连接计数。接触板702,704的配合可用作对DSM已经连接到柄部模块700的次数的代表，并且作为对柄部模块700已被使用的次数的代表。与上述类似，柄部处理器可以要求在使计数递增之前在接触板702,704之间的数据连接连续存在至少一定时间段(例如，30秒)以减少假阳性的情况。在另一变型中，当DSM 706连接到柄部模块700时，柄部处理器和DSM处理器可交换数据。在该交换中，柄部处理器可接收DSM 706的识别信息，以使得柄部处理器可识别连接到柄部模块700的DSM 706(例如，DSM的模型类型)。在这样的布置中，每当柄部处理器从附接到其的DSM接收识别信息时，柄部处理器可使DSM连接计数递增。在这些变型中的任一种中，柄部处理器将DSM连接计数与预设定的阈值进行比较，并且如果达到阈值，则柄部处理器采取寿命终止动作。
用于检测DSM到柄部模块的连接的另选布置示于图14E-图14G中。所示布置使用霍尔效应传感器来检测DSM 706到柄部模块700的连接。如图14E所示，柄部模块700可包括相对于柄部模块700的上表面712定位的霍尔效应传感器710，DSM 706附接到该霍尔效应传感器。相应地，DSM 706包括例如磁体714，诸如永磁体，当DSM 706完全并适当地连接到柄部模块700时该磁体靠近霍尔效应传感器710，如图14G所示。霍尔效应传感器710可例如经由引线716与柄部处理器连通。在DSM 706被安装在柄部模块700上时，霍尔效应传感器710可感测DSM 706的接近磁体714。由磁体714生成的磁场可以是恒定的，并且柄部处理器可访问关于磁场的数据，使得可基于霍尔效应传感器710的输出来确定磁体714与霍尔效应传感器710之间的距离。一旦磁体714和霍尔效应传感器710之间的距离稳定到与完全并适当地安装在柄部模块700上的DSM 706对应的距离，柄部处理器便可推断出DSM 706被完全并适当地安装在柄部模块700上并且更新DSM连接计数。
类似地，再次参见图14E，柄部模块700包括被构造成能够在其中接收电池组722的电池腔体724。柄部模块700还包括霍尔效应传感器720，该霍尔效应传感器被构造成能够检测可移除电池组722到电池腔体724中的插入。电池组霍尔效应传感器720可被定位在用于电池组722的柄部模块700中的电池腔体724中的上部内表面723处。如读者将理解的那样，电池组722被构造成能够经由电端子726向柄部模块700供应功率，并且可能期望将霍尔效应传感器720尽可能远离电端子726定位，使得由流过端子726的电流生成的任何磁场基本上不会干扰霍尔效应传感器720适当地检测电池组722到柄部模块700中的插入的能力。电池组722包括例如磁体730，诸如永磁体，在电池组722被插入到电池腔体724中时，霍尔效应传感器720感测到该磁体。类似于霍尔效应传感器710，电池组霍尔效应传感器720例如经由引线732与柄部处理器连通。在电池组722被安装到电池腔体724中时，霍尔效应传感器720可感测接近的电池组磁体730。由磁体730生成的磁场可以是恒定的，并且柄部处理器可访问关于磁场的数据，使得可基于霍尔效应传感器720的输出来确定磁体730与霍尔效应传感器720之间的距离。一旦磁体730和霍尔效应传感器720之间的距离稳定到与完全并适当地安装在柄部模块700中的电池组722对应的距离，柄部处理器便可推断出电池组722被完全并适当地安装在柄部模块700中并且更新电池组连接计数。
柄部模块可追踪DSM和/或电池组连接到柄部模块和/或与该柄部模块断开连接的次数，作为对柄部模块已被使用的次数的代表。柄部模块可显示例如更新的柄部模块剩余的使用数量，估计的柄部模块剩余的使用数量(诸如用指示剩余寿命百分比的音量指示器)，和/或柄部模块已经被使用的次数。当使用阈值极限已达到时，柄部模块可经由柄部处理器采取例如一个或多个寿命终止动作，诸如显示柄部模块被用尽，通过停用马达来进一步禁止使用柄部模块，和/或发出声音警报。
现在转到图15A和图15B，柄部模块800可使用压力开关来追踪电源组到其上的安装，当电源组806例如完全并适当地附接到柄部模块800时，该压力开关被按压。柄部模块800在许多方面类似于柄部模块10。柄部800包括导电接触衬垫802，电源组806连接到该导电接触衬垫以便向柄部模块800的电子部件供应电压。在所示布置中，压力开关804与导电接触衬垫802相邻并且与柄部处理器连通。当电源组806被组装到柄部模块800时，参见图15B，电源组806的外壳按压并致动压力开关804。每当压力开关804被致动时，柄部处理器可使电源组连接计数递增，直到达到阈值，此时可进行寿命终止动作。与上述类似，柄部处理器可要求在使电源组连接计数递增之前压力开关804被连续致动一定时间段(例如，30秒)，以减少假阳性的情况。在其他布置中，例如，可使用机电开关。
在各种情况下，每当柄部处理器通电时，柄部模块的处理器可使使用计数递增。在某些情况下，当电池组与柄部模块脱离接合时，柄部模块的处理器可自动断电。类似地，当电池组与柄部模块接合时，处理器可自动加电。在至少一个这样的实施方案中，电池组是用于柄部模块的唯一功率源，并且电池组与柄部模块的断开连接可立即使处理器断电，并且电池组到柄部模块的连接可立即重新为处理器供电。在某些实施方案中，柄部模块可包括一个或多个电容元件，当电池组与柄部模块接合时该电容元件可存储来自电池组的功率。当电池组与柄部模块断开连接时，电容元件可在一段时间内向处理器提供功率，因此，在电池组更换期间，处理器可不断电。在此类情况下，在电池安装被传感器检测到的情况下，如上所述，并且/或者处理器在断电之后被通电的情况下，处理器可对寿命或使用进行计数。
在各种情况下，柄部模块800的柄部处理器可追踪其经由导电接触衬垫802接收电力的频率，该导电接触衬垫用于将电池电源组806联接到柄部模块800的内部电子部件。例如，柄部模块800可包括连接到导电接触衬垫802的微电压和/或电流传感器(未示出)。电压和/或电流传感器可与柄部处理器连通。当在接触衬垫802处检测到来自电源组806的阈值输入电压和/或电流时，柄部处理器可使电池组连接计数递增。在柄部处理器有时由除了电源组的功率源，诸如由超级电容器或其他来源供电的情况下，该布置可为有用的。
现在转到图16，柄部模块900包括例如多个功率源，包括可移除电池电源组902和二次功率源904。可移除电池电源组902在许多方面类似于本文所述的可移除电池电源组。电池电源组902包含例如多个Li离子和/或LiPo电池单元。即使当可移除电池电源组902已被移除或以其他方式与柄部模块900断开连接时，二次功率源904也向柄部模块900提供功率来源。关于该实施方案，二次功率源904例如用于柄部模块900的低功率操作，诸如当可移除电池电源组902从柄部模块900移除时为控制板910上的电子部件供电；而不用于高功率操作，诸如为柄部模块900的马达905提供动力。在各种布置中，二次功率源904可包括可充电电池单元和/或超级电容器(a/k/a超电容器)，其在安装时由可移除电池电源组902充电。只要二次功率源904具有足够的电荷，则二次功率源904可在不存在一次功率源902的情况下为控制板910上的电子部件供电。
即使当电源组902未安装在柄部模块900中时，二次功率源904也可允许柄部模块900追踪使用事件和/或采取寿命终止动作。图17A为例如可由控制板910的处理器(诸如柄部处理器2124)执行的处理的流程图。根据至少一个实施方案，该处理可由例如存储在柄部模块的存储器中的软件和/或固件执行。在执行外科手术之前，电源组902被安装在柄部模块900中。在处理的步骤920处，柄部处理器可记录当DSM正确地连接到柄部模块900时的时间戳。一旦外科手术开始，在步骤922处，柄部处理器便可记录在外科手术期间发生的柄部模块900的每次击发的时间戳。此外，柄部处理器可追踪击发之间经过的时间。在至少一种情况下，二次功率源904可继续向柄部处理器供电，以追踪击发事件之后的时间，即使可移除电源组902从柄部模块900移除。在步骤924处，柄部处理器可确定自上次击发以来的经过时间是否大于阈值时间段。在至少一种情况下，例如，阈值时间段可近似在程序之后基本上对柄部模块进行处理和灭菌所需的时间。如果击发之间的时间段不大于阈值，则可以假设该程序正在进行，并且处理可返回到步骤922以记录下一次击发的时间戳。另一方面，如果击发之间的时间段大于阈值，则可以假设该程序已经结束，此时在步骤926处，柄部处理器可使柄部模块900的使用计数递增。在步骤928处，柄部处理器将使用计数与柄部模块900的预编程阈值使用计数进行比较。如果使用计数小于阈值，则可在另一程序中使用柄部模块900，并且该处理可返回到步骤920以等待下一程序的DSM的连接。另一方面，如果已达到使用计数阈值，则处理推进到步骤930，其中可发起柄部模块900的寿命终止动作。如上所述，寿命终止动作可包括停用柄部模块，使得柄部模块不能在随后的外科手术中使用。在至少一种情况下，柄部模块的马达可被物理地和/或电子地停用。在某些情况下，寿命终止动作包括例如在柄部模块的显示器上可视地指示柄部模块的寿命终点以及/或者发出声音警报。
图17B为可由柄部处理器执行并且有时由二次功率源904供电以追踪柄部模块的使用的另一示例性处理的流程图。在步骤950处，柄部处理器可检测可移除电池电源组902到柄部模块900的连接。用于检测电池电源组902的插入的各种技术在本文的其他地方有所描述。在各种情况下，电源组902的插入向柄部处理器指示涉及柄部模块900的外科手术将要开始。因此，当柄部处理器检测到电源组902到柄部模块900中的插入时，柄部处理器可在步骤952处将处理标记设置为ON。在步骤954处，柄部处理器可针对程序检测DSM到柄部模块的完整且适当的连接。用于检测DSM的附接的各种技术在本文的其他地方有所描述。一旦DSM和电池组902已被适当地附接，外科器械便可用于完成外科手术。在电池组902从柄部模块900移除的情况下，柄部处理器可在步骤956处检测电池电源组902的移除。用于检测电源组的移除的各种技术在本文的其他地方有所公开。在各种情况下，电源组的移除指示外科手术的结尾，因此，现在由二次功率源904供电的柄部处理器可在步骤958处使柄部模块900的使用计数递增。即使电源组的移除不构成外科手术的结束，也可将新电池组的插入和/或再充电的电池组的重新插入视为另一次使用。柄部模块900的这样的再利用可以在步骤960处施用的测试上进行调节，以评估柄部模块900是否已经达到其使用寿命的终点。如果已经到达柄部模块的寿命终点，则柄部处理器可以在步骤962处发起适当的寿命终止动作。各种寿命终止动作在本文的其他地方有所公开。应当理解，关于本文所公开的实施方案中的任一个，寿命终止动作可被柄部模块的用户覆盖。例如，当在外科手术中间已达到使用阈值计数时，通常会出现此类情况。
图18A-图18E示出可由柄部模块采取的寿命终止动作，该柄部模块使用例如可移除电池电源组来防止柄部模块的进一步使用。图18A示出柄部模块1000，该柄部模块包括内部弹簧激活的锁定件1002。当由柄部模块1000释放时，锁定件1002防止将电池电源组1004和/或任何其他合适的电池组完全且适当地安装到柄部模块1000中。在各种情况下，锁定件1002可被构造成能够完全防止电源组1004进入柄部模块1000。在其他情况下，锁定件1002可防止电源组1004被插入到电池接触件与柄部触点进行电接触的深度，如图18A所示，并且在下文中进一步详细描述。由于锁定件1002的激活，电源组1004从柄部模块1000伸出距离D，同样如图18A所示。但是对于锁定件1002，电池组1004可被坐置到电池组1004的端盖1006与柄部模块1000的外壳齐平或至少基本上齐平的深度。
如上所述，锁定件1002可选择性地防止电源组1004向柄部模块1000供电。在图18B所示的部模块1000的非锁定状态中，柄部模块1000的电接触衬垫1016可与电池组1004的接触衬垫1018接触，使得柄部模块1000的内部电子部件可由电池电源组1004供电。在图18C所示的柄部模块1000的锁定状态中，锁定件1002防止电池组1004的接触衬垫1018接触柄部模块1000的接触衬垫1016。在其中柄部模块1000不包括二次功率源和/或用于存储功率的装置的实施方案中，柄部模块1000在其锁定条件中将不可用。在其中柄部模块1000包括二次功率源和/或用于存储功率的装置的实施方案中，柄部模块1000可利用例如来自这些其他来源的功率来运行柄部模块1000的操作系统，而不是柄部模块1000的驱动系统和/或电动马达。
图18B示出处于正常操作状态下的锁定件1002，其中该锁定件未锁定电池组1004，并且图18C示出处于锁定状态下的锁定件1002，其中该锁定件锁定电池组1004。锁定件1002通过连接到锁定件1002的扭转弹簧1010被偏压成从其解锁位置(图18B)旋转到其锁定位置(图18C)。扭转弹簧1010具有偏置抵靠柄部模块1000的内部表面1013的第一端部以及安装到锁定件1002的第二端部。柄部模块1000还包括被构造成能够将锁定件1002可释放地保持在其解锁位置中的闩锁1012。锁定件1002包括锁定肩部1014，当闩锁1012处于伸出位置时，该锁定肩部邻接闩锁1012，并且因此将锁定件1002保持在其解锁位置。当闩锁1012回缩时，如图18C所示，锁定件1002的肩部1014不再与闩锁1012接合，并且扭转弹簧1010可将锁定件1002偏压到其锁定位置。
当尚未达到柄部模块1000的寿命终止条件时，柄部模块1000的闩锁致动器可将闩锁1012保持在图18B所示的位置。然而，当达到寿命终止条件时，闩锁致动器可沿箭头A所指示的方向移动闩锁1012，以使闩锁1012移动远离锁定肩部1014，从而允许锁定件1002由于弹簧1010的偏压而逆时针旋转，如图18C中的箭头B所指示。在锁定状态中，锁定件1002突出到柄部模块的电池仓中，使得当电池组1004被插入柄部模块1000中时，柄部模块1000的电接触衬垫1016不接触电池组1004的接触衬垫1018，如上所述。闩锁致动器可包括例如任何合适的致动器，诸如螺线管。
除了或代替上文所述，图18D和图18E示出这样的实施方案，其中在柄部模块的确定的寿命终点处，定位在柄部模块中的电池组不能从柄部模块中移除，从而防止将新的(或再充电的)电池组插入在柄部模块中以用于后续程序。图18D示出处于正常操作状态的电池组1004，其中该电池组可在程序之后从柄部模块中移除，并且图18E示出闩锁1040，该闩锁将电池组1004锁定在柄部模块中，使得电池组1004不能从柄部模块中移除。如图18D和图18E所示，电池组1004可限定开口1042，其中闩锁1040的闩锁头部1044可被插入以将电池组1004锁定就位。闩锁1040通过安装在闩锁1040的上部轴1048上的压缩弹簧1046向下偏压。闩锁1040还包括上肩部1050，在图18D所示的柄部模块的正常操作状态下，该上肩部邻接第二闩锁1052，该第二闩锁被定位成将弹簧1046保持在压缩状态下并防止闩锁1040的向下运动。同样如图18D和图18E所示，闩锁头部1044包括肩部1054，当闩锁1044处于其致动位置时，如图18E所示，该肩部锁定在由电池组1004限定的配合肩部1056后面。
在操作中，当柄部处理器确定柄部模块已到达其寿命终点(通过本文所述的方式中的任一种)时，柄部处理器可致动第二闩锁1052，从而使得第二闩锁1052移动离开闩锁1044。第二闩锁1052可例如由任何合适的致动器(诸如螺线管)致动。在所示实施方案中，当闩锁1052被致动时，第二闩锁1052远离闩锁1040的肩部1050左右移动，如箭头A所指示。将第二闩锁1052从肩部1050移除允许弹簧1046通过限定在柄部模块的外壳1013中的开口1060来减压并且向下推动闩锁1044，如箭头B所指示。在闩锁1040通过弹簧1046向下移动时，闩锁头部1044延伸到限定在电池组1004中的开口1042中。闩锁头部1044的闩锁肩部1054可滑动穿过开口1042并且锁定在电池组1004的配合肩部1056后面。当闩锁1040的上肩部1050接触柄部模块外壳1013时，闩锁头部1044的向下运动受到柄部模块外壳1013的限制。因此，电池组1004不能从柄部模块中移除，从而防止将新的(或再充电的)电池组插入到柄部模块中以用于后续程序。
现在参见图19A-图19C，柄部模块1100包括可充电电池组1102(具有一个或多个可充电电池单元1104)，当柄部模块1100对接到充电操作台1106时，该可充电电池组可被再充电。柄部模块1100还包括可滑动门1108，该可滑动门在打开位置(图19C)和闭合位置(图19B)之间在限定在柄部模块1100中的通道1110中上下滑动。压缩弹簧1112被定位在通道1110中，该通道被构造成能够将可滑动门1108向下偏置到其闭合位置。例如，当门1108处于其闭合位置时，门1108可屏蔽电池充电端子1114，如图19B所示，以使其免受损坏和/或意外地与周围环境中的导电表面接触。为了对电池单元1104进行再充电，柄部模块1100被放置在由充电操作台1106限定的接收区域1120中，该充电操作台包括充电端子1122，当柄部模块1100被完全并适当地插入接收区域1120中时，该充电端子与柄部模块1100的充电端子1114配合并接触，如图19C所示。当柄部模块1100被放置在接收区域1120中时，可滑动门1108接合充电操作台1106的肩部1124，该肩部向上推动可滑动门1108，如箭头A所指示，从而压缩弹簧1112并且解除屏蔽(或显露)电池组充电端子1114。此时，充电端子1114可连接到并且接触接收操作台充电端子1122，从而对电池组1102的电池单元1104进行再充电。
充电操作台1106可经由电源线1130由AC电源供电。充电操作台1106还可包括视觉显示器1132，该视觉显示器显示关于柄部模块1100的信息。例如，充电操作台1106可包括处理器(未示出)，当柄部模块1100安装在充电操作台1106中时，该处理器与柄部处理器连通。例如，充电端子1114,1122还可包括在处理器之间提供数据路径的数据端子。充电操作台处理器可以从柄部处理器接收可显示在显示器1132上的信息/数据。例如，显示的信息可包括例如电池组1102的充电状态(例如，已充电X％)和/或由柄部处理器追踪的任何信息，诸如柄部模块的寿命计数或剩余使用和/或例如有效期限击发的数量。
图20A-图20B示出在灭菌处理期间可与柄部模块1200一起使用以保护柄部模块1200的内部部件的盖1201,1202,1203。柄部模块1200包括被构造成能够具有附接到其上的DSM的附接部分。端部执行器连接区域盖1201可连接到(例如，卡扣配合)并覆盖DSM连接到柄部模块1200的位置。柄部模块1200还包括用于致动柄部模块1200的驱动系统的可移除触发器组件。除了或代替上文所述，触发器盖1202可连接到(例如，卡扣配合)并覆盖开口，该开口在击发触发器组件从柄部模块1200移除时产生。柄部模块1200还包括被构造成能够在其中接收可移除电源组的电池腔体。另外除了或代替上文所述，电池组盖1203可连接到并且覆盖电池组被插入柄部模块1200的手枪式握把部1206中的位置。这些盖1201,1202,1203优选地由例如对用于对柄部模块进行灭菌的化学品具有抗性的材料(诸如塑料)制成。另外，盖1201,1202,1203可覆盖柄部模块1200的电接触件，包括例如端部执行器接触板1210、驱动系统1212和/或用于电池组(未示出)的内部触点。
盖1201,1202和/或1203到柄部模块1200的附接可帮助追踪柄部模块1200已被使用和/或灭菌的次数。类似地，盖1201,1202和/或1203从柄部模块1200的拆卸可帮助追踪柄部1200已被使用和/或灭菌的次数。盖1201,1202,1203中的至少一个可包括用以触发柄部模块1200上的开关的装置，指示盖已被安装。当这样的开关被触发时，柄部处理器可假定灭菌程序即将发生并且进入被优化以承受灭菌程序的灭菌操作模式。例如，当柄部处理器处于灭菌操作模式中时，柄部处理器可防止柄部模块1200的马达被操作，使某些触点和/或传感器断电，使某些触点和/或传感器加电，将存储在瞬态存储器中的任何数据记录到存储器芯片，将柄部模块的存储器复制到备用存储器，和/或创建用于柄部模块的操作系统软件的当前版本的副本。当盖1201,1202,1203中的一个或多个附接到柄部模块1200或从柄部模块1200拆卸时，柄部处理器还可增加柄部模块1200的使用计数。在所示布置中，DSM连接区域盖1201包括突起1220，当盖1201被放置在柄部模块1200上时，该突起接触并致动柄部模块1200上的对应开关1222(例如，可按压开关或接触开关等)。开关1222可与柄部处理器连通，并且在各种情况下，当检测到开关1222的致动时，柄部处理器可更新其灭菌计数。在其他布置中，触发器1220可在其他覆盖件1202,1203上和/或放置在DSM连接区域盖1201上的不同位置。在任何情况下，由于电池组通常在灭菌期间被移除，所以盖1201,1202,1203优选地用于具有二次功率源的柄部模块中，即使当电池组被移除时，该二次功率源仍为柄部处理器供电，如本文所述。如本文的其他布置中所述，当灭菌计数达到阈值水平时，柄部处理器可实现本文所述的寿命终止动作中的一个或多个。
图20C示出电池组盖1203的变型，并且图20D示出电池组1240，该电池组能够与图20C的电池组盖1203互换。因为电池组盖1203和电池组1240均被设计成装配到柄部模块1200的手枪式握把部1206中的电池组开口中代替彼此，所以图20C的电池组盖1203具有非常类似于图20D的电池组1240的形状和构型。例如，电池组盖1203和电池组1240同时包括用于锁定到柄部模块1200的夹具1244。另外，电池组盖1203和电池组1240同时包括一个或多个管状容器1242。电池单元1246可在电池组1240中的容器1242内，而不是用于盖1203。然而，盖1203还包括容易地将其与电池组1240区分开的特征结构。在所示布置中，盖1203在盖1203的底部处包括相对较薄、长且易于抓握的突片1248，该突片可包括指示其用于灭菌的标记，如图20C所示。
另外如图20C和图20D所示，盖1203和电池组1240中的每个可包括位于不同相对位置的相应突片1250,1252。在所示布置中，盖1203的突片1250在右侧容器1242上，并且电池组1240上的突片1252在其左侧容器1242上。当插入到柄部模块1200中时，突片1250,1252可接触并致动柄部模块1200中的对应和相应的开关，以识别盖1203或电池组1240(视情况而定)的插入。开关(未示出)可与柄部处理器连通，并且柄部处理器可使用相应开关的致动来更新其使用、灭菌和/或电池组连接计数，视情况而定。例如，灭菌开关的致动可将柄部模块1200放置在灭菌操作模式中，并且电池开关的致动可将柄部模块放置在外科手术模式中。突片1250,1252优选地处于两个不同位置，使得柄部模块1200可包括两个不同开关：仅由电池组1240致动的电池开关和仅由灭菌盖1203致动的灭菌开关。在各种布置中，突片1250,1252可位于例如与容器1242上的位置相对的镜子处。盖1203和电池组1240均可包括特征结构，使得它们只能以一个取向插入，从而防止电池组突片1252致动灭菌盖开关，并且反之亦然。例如，在所示布置中，电池组盖1203和电池组1240在其仅一侧上同时包括舌状物1254，该舌状物可装配到限定在柄部模块1200的仅一侧中的对应沟槽中。
图21A-图21C示出用于柄部模块1300和/或DSM 1302的示例性显示器，该显示器可向用户提供关于柄部模块1300和/或DSM 1302的状态的视觉信息。如图21A所示，显示器可包括在柄部模块1300上的显示部分1304A和在DSM上的显示部分1304B。显示部分1304A和1304B可彼此相邻或彼此分开。在某些情况下，显示部分1304A和1304B可用于显示离散或不重叠的信息组。在各种情况下，显示部分1304A和1304B可用于显示协调信息，该信息可以是或可以不是重复的。在某些其他情况下，显示器1304可完全在DSM 1302上，如图21B所示，或者，显示器1304可完全在柄部模块1300上，如图21C所示。显示器1304可包括例如平板显示器(诸如LED背光LCD平板显示器)和/或任何其他合适的平板或非平板显示器类型。显示器1304可由柄部处理器和/或DSM处理器控制。
图21D示出示例性显示器构型，其中显示器包括相邻的柄部部分1304A和端部执行器部分1304B。如图21D所示，柄部部分1304A指示器可包括与柄部模块相关的指示器，诸如电池状态指示器1310，示出连接到柄部模块的DSM被识别的指示器1312，和/或一般柄部模块误差指示器1314。DSM显示器1304B可包括例如与DSM相关的指示器，诸如端部执行器钳口是否闭合的指示器1320，端部执行器中的钉是否尚未被击发的指示器，钉是否已被正确击发的指示器1322，和/或是否存在与钉或钉仓相关的误差的指示器1324。当然，在其他变型中，可使用更少、更多和/或不同的图标来警告用户/临床医生关于柄部模块1300和/或DSM1302的各种部件和方面的状态。例如，显示器1304可指示例如电池组剩余的击发数量和/或柄部模块的剩余使用数量。显示器可包括按钮和/或触摸屏界面，其中用户/临床医生可向柄部模块和/或DSM处理器/存储器输入信息。
在各种情况下，可移除电池组可在程序之后被灭菌和再充电，使得其可在相同的柄部模块和/或不同的柄部模块中的后续程序中再利用。图22为可移除电池组1350的图，该可移除电池组可追踪其已被灭菌的次数，这可为对电池组1350已在外科手术中使用的次数的代表。电池组1350可包括具有输出电压端子1354的多个电池单元1352。如图22所示，电池组1350还可包括安装到电池组电路板1362的电池组处理器1360。电池组处理器1360可包括内部或外部存储器(诸如安装到电路板1362的外部存储器芯片1364)，并且电池组处理器1360可执行存储在存储器中的软件/固件。因此，电池组处理器1360可实现管理可充电电池的电池管理系统(BMS)。例如，BMS可保护电池以免在其安全操作区域之外操作，监测电池的状态，计算辅助数据，报告该数据，控制其环境，认证电池，和/或平衡电池的单元。
在各种布置中，电池组1350还可包括微水分或湿度传感器1366，以用于感测电池组1350何时处于与经历灭菌处理一致的潮湿或湿润环境中。电池组处理器1360可与水分/湿度传感器1366连通，使得对于水分/湿度传感器1366在阈值时间段内检测到水分或湿度的阈值水平的每种情况，电池处理器1360可更新其灭菌计数作为对电池组1350已被使用的次数的代表。在各种情况下，电池处理器1360可被构造成能够不对可能产生假阳性的异常事件进行计数。在任何情况下，一旦已经达到阈值灭菌计数，电池组处理器1360便可停用电池组1350。例如，如图22所示，电池组1350可包括数据端子1368，该数据端子提供到柄部模块的柄部处理器的连接。当电池组1350被用尽(例如，达到灭菌计数阈值)时，电池组处理器1360可向柄部处理器发送电池组1350不应被使用的信号。柄部处理器然后可通过其显示器指示电池组1350存在问题。
在各种情况下，电池组处理器1360可基于到柄部模块的数据连接来更新其使用计数。每当电池组处理器1360检测到柄部模块的数据连接时，电池组处理器可更新其使用计数。
电池组1350可包括二次功率源(未示出)，该二次功率源在电池单元1352被充电时由电池单元1352充电并且/或者在外科手术期间向柄部模块供应功率。在这样的实施方案中，即使当电池组1350未安装在柄部模块中时，低功率电池组电子部件仍可保持供电。另外，如图22所示，电池组1350可包括端盖1370和闩锁1372以便于将电池组1350连接到柄部模块。
图23A和图23B示出用于柄部模块的另一可能的寿命终止动作。在所示布置中，柄部模块1400包括可在回缩位置和伸出位置之间移动的突出部分1402。在柄部模块1400的寿命终点之前，突出部分1402被保持在其回缩位置。在这样的位置，突出部分1402不干扰柄部模块1400被定位在其灭菌托盘1404中的对应开口中。一旦柄部处理器确定柄部模块1400已到达其寿命终点，则根据任何合适的算法，突出部分1402移动到其伸出位置。在这样的位置，突出部分1402干扰柄部模块1400在灭菌托盘1404中的其对应开口中的正确放置。在所示布置中，突出部分1402在柄部模块1400的远侧端部1406处，但是其可被放置在方便的任何地方，并且当突出时，其阻止将柄部模块1400放置在灭菌托盘1404的对应开口中。如之前结合图11A所述，灭菌托盘包括开口，其形状对应于柄部模块的形状，使得柄部模块被紧密地接收在开口中。在图23A和图23B的布置中，柄部模块1400在突出部分1402回缩(未突出)时装配到灭菌托盘1404中的开口中，但是在突出部分1402从柄部模块1400向外突出时不装配到该开口中，如图23A和图23B所示。突出部分1402可例如为螺线管驱动的。例如，当柄部处理器确定已经到达柄部模块1400的寿命终点时，螺线管的线圈被通电，使得螺线管衔铁向外延伸，从而使得突出部分1402从柄部模块1400向外延伸。柄部模块1400还可包括诸如止动器，诸如弹簧加载的卡位，一旦它们已被致动便防止螺线管衔铁和突出部分1402的回缩。
如结合图12A-图12E所述，柄部模块可在程序之前、期间和/或之后连接到检查操作台。检查操作台可用于对柄部模块执行测试，以确定柄部模块是否处于适于另一外科手术的条件，或者柄部模块在适于另一外科手术之前是否需要进行调节或修理。如图24A和图24B所示，检查操作台1500包括延伸部1504，该延伸部被构造成能够被插入到柄部模块的空电池腔体中，使得延伸部1504可被放置成与柄部模块连通，类似于上述实施方案。示于图24B中的柄部模块1501包括例如这样的柄部模块。检查操作台包括在延伸部1504的上部部分处的真空联接件1502，其可与柄部模块1501的内部部分中的对应真空联接件1506配合。检查操作台1500可经由真空口1508连接到真空泵，该真空泵经由管1510连接到检查操作台1500的真空联接件1502。当真空泵接通时，其可从柄部模块1501的内部部分抽吸空气以干燥柄部模块1501的内部部分。检查操作台1500可包括与管1510连通的压力计和/或空气流量传感器，其测量柄部模块1501保持真空压力的程度。在各种情况下，这样的真空测试可评估例如整个柄部模块1501中的各种密封件的完整性，诸如与旋转驱动输出1512,1514接合的密封件，与击发触发器区域1516接合的密封件，和/或与连接到DSM的电接触板1518接合的密封件。如果各种柄部模块密封件不令人满意，并且柄部模块并未充分保持如真空传感器所检测到的真空，则检查操作台1500可经由其显示器发出指示柄部模块1501需要修理的警告。
除了或代替上文所述，检查操作台可能够在外科手术和/或灭菌程序之后干燥柄部模块，作为后续程序准备柄部模块的一部分。图25A示出例如可用于干燥柄部模块1602的检查操作台1600。与上述类似，检查操作台1600包括基部部分1610，另外包括从基部部分1610延伸的延伸部1606，该延伸部可定位在柄部模块1602的空电池腔体中，以便将柄部模块1602放置成与检查操作台1600连通。检查操作台1600包括两个风扇：位于延伸部1606的上端部处的第一风扇1604，以及位于基部部分1610的前面的第二风扇1608。风扇1604和1608例如经由电源适配器1612诸如由AC功率源供电。第一风扇1604可通过电池组腔体中的开口瞄准柄部模块1602的内部部件。延伸部1606的上表面可包括通气开口，由第一风扇1604吹送的空气可通过该通气开口循环到柄部模块1602。第二风扇1608可瞄准柄部模块1602的触发器区域1614，以干燥触发器区域1614和柄部模块1602的周围区域。检查操作台1600的基部部分1610的顶部前表面可包括用于第二风扇1608的通气开口1616，使得从第二风扇1608吹送的空气可被循环到触发器区域1614。基部部分1610还可包括用于风扇1604和1608的进气口，诸如基部部分1610中的进气口1618。检查操作台1600还可包括排气口，诸如在延伸部1606的底部处的双边排气口1620，以允许废气从检查操作台1600逸出。检查操作台1600可根据需要包括尽可能多的风扇、进气口和/或出气口。
图25B、图25C和图25D示出另一示例性检查操作台1600。图25B、图25C和图25D中的基部部分1610从前向后比图25A中的基部操作台更长，并且图25B、图25C和图25D中的下部前风扇1608在基部部分1610上方凸起并且在触发器区域1614处成角度。图25B、图25C和图25D所示的布置还包括盖(或封盖)1630，其附接到检查部1600的基部部分1610，并且其覆盖且包封柄部模块1602。盖1630可由例如硬质半透明塑料(诸如聚碳酸酯)制成。在一方面，风扇1608可由用于检查操作台1600的适配器1612供电，如图25C所示。在另一方面，风扇1608可具有其自身的电源适配器1632，与用于检查操作台1600的电源适配器1612分开，如图25D所示。盖/封盖1630的上表面可包括一个或多个排气口1634，并且盖/封盖1630还可包括靠近风扇1608的进气口1636。
图25E示出用于检查操作台1600的另一种布置，该检查操作台使用真空流来干燥柄部模块1602。在这样的布置中，盖/封盖1630可限定一个或多个进气口1640(其中两个示于图25E中)，并且具有被构造成能够被放置成与真空泵连通的真空口1642。为了干燥柄部模块1602，真空泵被接通以从进气口1640抽吸空气，跨过柄部模块1602，并且进入到真空口1642中。优选地，真空口1642与进气口1640间隔开，以增加跨过柄部模块1602的空气流。在图25E的实施例中，进气口1640在盖/封盖1630的底部处，并且真空口1642在盖/封盖1630的顶部处；然而，可使用任何合适的布置。
柄部模块(诸如柄部模块1602)例如也可由模拟负载适配器测试。在各种情况下，当柄部模块1602连接到检查操作台1600时，柄部模块1602可由负载适配器1650测试，如图26A-图26D的实施例中所示。在其他情况下，模拟负载适配器可被构造成能够测试柄部模块，而不补充检查操作台。在任何情况下，模拟负载适配器1650可包括外壳1651和定位在外壳1651中的相对负载马达1652,1654。如下文进一步详细所述，第一负载马达1652被构造成能够将第一测试负载施加到柄部模块1602的第一驱动马达，并且第二负载马达1654被构造成能够将第二测试负载施加到柄部模块1602的第二驱动马达。第一负载马达1652被构造成能够驱动第一配合螺母1660，该第一配合螺母可操作地与由柄部模块1602的第一驱动马达驱动的联接器1656接合。第二负载马达1654被构造成能够驱动第二配合螺母1662，该第二配合螺母可操作地与由柄部模块1602的第二驱动马达驱动的联接器1658接合。
模拟负载适配器1650可包括例如电路板上的马达控制电路，该电路板至少具有处理器、存储器和用于控制负载马达1652,1654的马达控制器。马达控制电路可体现为一个集成电路(例如，SOC)或多个分立集成电路或其他电路。马达控制电路可控制马达1652,1654以在变化的负载条件下向柄部模块1602的旋转驱动系统施加相反的力。由柄部模块1602的旋转驱动系统抵抗和/或克服相反的力所消耗的功率可由检查操作台1600监测，以确定柄部模块马达和旋转驱动系统是否正常运行。在各种情况下，模拟负载适配器1650的第一马达1652可沿一个方向驱动，并且柄部模块1602的驱动马达可沿相反方向驱动第一联接器1656。如果柄部模块1602的驱动马达不能抵抗或克服由模拟负载适配器1650的第一马达1652施加的模拟负载，则模拟负载适配器1650可向柄部模块1602指示柄部模块1602不能按要求执行。在各种情况下，模拟负载适配器1650的第二马达1654可沿一个方向驱动，并且柄部模块1602的驱动马达可沿相反方向驱动第二联接器1658。如果柄部模块1602的驱动马达不能抵抗或克服由模拟负载适配器1650的第二马达1654施加的模拟负载，则模拟负载适配器1650可向柄部模块1602指示柄部模块1602不能按要求执行。这样的评估可构成整体评估柄部模块1602是否适用于另一程序的一个方面。
在各种情况下，对上文进行进一步描述，模拟负载适配器马达控制电路可以模拟柄部模块旋转驱动系统预期在外科手术期间经受的负载的方式使由模拟负载适配器马达1652,1654施加在柄部模块1600的旋转驱动系统上的负载从(相对)低到(相对)高变化。在至少一种情况下，马达控制电路可被编程，使得其可基于要在即将进行的程序中使用的DSM的类型来改变马达1652,1654的负载分布。例如，使用用户界面1672(例如，按钮1670和/或界面1672的触摸屏)，用户可指定例如期望的模拟负载条件，诸如选择对应于不同可用DSM的预编程的模拟负载条件。模拟负载适配器1650可具有数据接触端子1674，该数据接触端子与柄部模块1602的数据连接端子配合。以这样的方式，可将用户的负载分布选择从检查操作台处理器上传到柄部模块处理器，并且上传到负载模拟器1650的马达控制电路。在实时模拟中和/或在模拟之后，马达控制电路可将用于在模拟期间供应给负载模拟器马达1652,1654的功率的时间戳功率读数(例如，伏特-安培)下载到柄部模块处理器和/或检查操作台处理器。检查操作台处理器和/或柄部模块处理器可将这些读数与由柄部模块马达消耗的功率的时间戳读数关联，以评估柄部模块马达和旋转驱动系统的功效。
模拟负载适配器1650可由例如检查操作台1600供电。如图26B的实施例中所示，来自检查操作台1600的电力可经由柄部模块1602和电接触板1674供应给模拟负载适配器1650。在图26C的实施例中，从检查操作台1600延伸到模拟负载适配器1650的单独电源线1680可绕过柄部模块1602直接向负载模拟器适配器1650供应电力。在另一种布置中，负载模拟适配器1650可具有其自身到AC功率源的连接和/或其自身的电池电源。在各种情况下，绳索1680还可将负载模拟器1650放置成与检查操作台1600的直接信号通信。
模拟负载适配器1650还可用于监测柄部模块齿轮中的作为旋转驱动系统的一部分的侧隙。当模拟负载适配器1650处于侧隙检测模式中时，模拟负载适配器马达控制电路可使模拟负载马达1652,1654中的一个或两个旋转，并且检查系统1600和/或柄部模块1602中的任一者的处理器可通过柄部模块1602的对应旋转驱动系统追踪旋转。模拟负载适配器马达1652,1654与柄部模块1602的旋转驱动系统之间的旋转差异指示柄部模块1602的相应旋转驱动系统中的侧隙，这可减少柄部模块的寿命。换句话讲，侧隙的增加可减少柄部模块1602的剩余使用数量。因此，在柄部模块1602的每次检查时，检查操作台1600和负载模拟器1650可检查柄部模块的侧隙并将结果写入到柄部模块的存储器。柄部模块存储器可存储侧隙读数并对其加上时间戳。柄部处理器和/或检查操作台处理器可例如基于侧隙对剩余使用数量的作用的模型，根据击发来确定用于柄部模块的修改的寿命终止阈值。样品模型示于图26E中。虚线1690示出作为柄部模块的击发数量的函数的侧隙的阈值极限。线1691示出作为使用(例如，击发)的函数的柄部模块的预期侧隙。在该实施例中，在约500次击发时达到侧隙阈值(线1690和1691相交)。由于可随时间推移(并且因此在击发数量内)追踪侧隙测量，所以柄部处理器和/或检查处理器可比较由图26E的菱形指示侧隙测量以确定柄部模块侧隙趋向于在小于500次击发(在该实施例中为约370次击发)时达到阈值。该修改的更新击发阈值可用于评估柄部模块的剩余寿命。例如，如果柄部模块已被击发220次，并且由于侧隙其修改的寿命终点为370次击发，则处理器可确定柄部模块具有150次剩余击发；或者如果假设每个程序有7次击发，则柄部模块具有21个剩余程序。可以这种方式对柄部模块的每个旋转驱动系统进行侧隙测试，并且剩余寿命最短的一个可决定柄部模块的整体剩余寿命。
以上所述，如果测量到比预期小的侧隙，则使达到柄部模块的寿命终止阈值所需的击发可被向上修改或增加。事实上，例如，如果任何参数和/或参数的组合指示柄部模块正在经历比预期小的磨损，则可以增加柄部模块的寿命终止阈值。相应地，例如，如果任何参数和/或参数的组合指示柄部模块正在经历比预期大的磨损，则可以减小柄部模块的寿命终止阈值。此外，本文所公开的各种参数阈值可以是固定的或可适应的。阈值参数可基于内在信息和/或外在信息进行调整。例如，柄部模块的控制系统可评估参数数据的模式或趋势，并相对于模式或趋势适应参数阈值。在至少一种情况下，控制系统可从感测的参数数据建立基线，并且相对于该基线建立参数阈值。在一些情况下，柄部模块的控制系统可评估对于第一参数获得的数据的模式或趋势，并且基于第一参数数据的评估来调整第二参数的阈值。在至少一种情况下，控制系统可由第一参数的感测数据建立基线，并且相对于该基线建立第二参数的阈值。此外，许多阈值在本文中被描述为包括两个范围，即低于阈值的第一范围和高于阈值的第二范围。阈值本身可以是第一范围或第二范围的一部分，这取决于情况。也就是说，如本文所述，阈值可包括三个范围，即低于最小值的第一范围，高于最大值的第二范围，以及最小值和最大值之间的第三范围。如果用于参数的感测数据处于第一范围内，则控制系统可采取第一动作，并且如果参数的感测数据处于第二范围内，则控制系统可采取第二动作，该第二动作可以或可以不与第一动作相同。如果参数的感测数据处于第三范围内，则控制系统可采取第三动作，这可能根本不包括任何动作。根据情况，最小值可以是第一范围或第三范围的一部分，并且根据情况，最大值可以是第三范围或第二范围的一部分。例如，如果在第一范围内感测到数据，则在至少一个实施方案中，控制系统可在一个方向上适应阈值，并且如果在第二范围内感测到数据，则控制系统可在相反方向上适应阈值，而如果在第三范围内感测到数据，则控制系统可能不适应阈值。
在另一方面，如图27A和图27B所示，检查操作台1600可容纳例如柄部模块1602和一个或多个DSM 1680。图27A示出这样的检查操作台1600本身；图27B示出具有连接到其的柄部模块1602和DSM 1680两者的检查操作台1600。检查操作台处理器可与柄部模块处理器和/或DSM处理器连通，以便下载和上传数据和信息。如图27A所示，还支撑DSM的检查操作台1600可包括旋转驱动器1682,1684，其类似于柄部模块1600的旋转驱动器1656,1658构造。检查操作台1600可致动检查操作台旋转驱动器1682,1684以测试DSM 1680的驱动系统。在其他布置中，例如，DSM 1680可具有用于执行各种测试和/或数据传送的其自身的检查操作台。
鉴于以上所述，可使用检查操作台1600来执行用于柄部模块和/或DSM的多个预程序和/或程序后器械处理任务，诸如：
·确定并显示装置ID(例如，序列号)和/或模型以及装置的状态(例如，寿命终止、锁定等)；
·从柄部模块1602的存储器读取/下载数据，诸如击发/周期的数量、性能参数、柄部和/或DSM软件版本；
·基于装置识别，设置并上传用于柄部模块和/或DSM的操作指令和标准，检查操作台可基于装置ID从存储器检索该操作指令和标准；
·进行各种电子测试，诸如模块化连接完整性测试、存储器版本测试、系统电子检查、传送速率(读取/写入)检查、计划的维护检查、保修期满检查、寿命终止检查、系统锁定检查，和/或内部电池寿命调节测试；
·进行各种物理测试，诸如马达性能测试(用和/或不用如上所述的模拟负载)、密封完整性测试等；
·性能测试，诸如将来自程序的实际数据(从柄部模块和/或DSM存储器下载)与预期程序数据进行比较；
·必要时对柄部模块中的锁定进行复位；
·对装置进行干燥；
·通知用户(例如，经由显示器)装置(柄部模块和/或DSM)适于或不适于继续使用；
·对柄部模块和/或DSM的软件进行升级；
·将测试结果写入柄部模块存储器和/或DSM存储器；以及/或者
·经由例如USB或无线(例如，WiFi)连接向远程计算机系统传递柄部和/或DSM性能和使用数据。
检查操作台存储器可存储检查操作台处理器执行以执行这些各种功能的软件和/或固件。
检查操作台和/或柄部模块的显示器还可基于用于柄部模块的各种使用相关数据来提出维护和维修建议。基于使用数据，诸如程序的数量、灭菌的数量、击发的数量和/或强度，以及/或者齿轮侧隙，例如，检查操作台和/或柄部模块处理器可确定是否应该相对于柄部模块和/或DSM采取或建议各种维护或维修任务，并且经由检查操作台和/或柄部模块中的任一者的显示器将这些建议传送给用户。维护和维修建议可在完成的程序之后，在程序期间和/或在程序开始时执行并传送给用户。
图28A-图28B为用于提出维护和/或维修建议的示例性处理流程，该处理流程可通过执行处理器的相关联存储器中的固件和/或软件来由柄部模块处理器和/或检查操作台处理器执行。图28A示出用于检查操作台处理器442的示例性处理流程。在步骤1800处，在程序之后，柄部模块连接到检查操作台(例如，参见图19A)，由此将来自柄部模块存储器的使用和性能数据下载到检查操作台。该数据可包括柄部模块的程序数量的计数；本文描述了用以对程序数量进行计数的各种方式。数据还可包括例如柄部模块的击发数量，每次击发的强度(例如，力)，预期击发力和实际击发力之间的击发力差值，由柄部模块在柄部模块的整个寿命中消耗的(累积)能量，和/或齿轮侧隙。
在步骤1802处，基于数据，检查操作台处理器确定是否需要柄部模块的维修。检查操作台处理器可根据编程以多种方式来解析使用和性能数据，以确定是否需要维修，并且如果其确定需要维修，则可以在步骤1804处提出一个或若干维修建议。维修建议可例如与建议柄部模块重建一样广泛，或者与润滑某些部件一样次要。另外，例如，检查操作台处理器可在步骤1802处执行的一个维修检查是对于每个N1程序和/或每个S1击发，或者程序和击发(例如，N2程序和S2击发)的一些组合，应该重建柄部模块。在这样的情况下，如果检查操作台处理器确定这些阈值中的任一个已被满足，则在步骤1804处，检查操作台处理器可控制检查操作台显示器以表明柄部模块应被重建。检查操作台处理器可在步骤1802处执行的另一个维修检查是在每次S3击发时，旋转驱动系统的齿轮应被润滑。检查操作台可在适当的情况下执行并建议的其他维修检查包括例如：对于柄部模块的电接触件的电完整性检查；连通系统的测试；柄部模块的电子器件的扩展诊断(例如，RAM和/或ROM完整性、处理器操作、空闲和操作的电流消耗、所选部件的操作温度等)；指示器、显示器和传感器的操作；和/或电池问题，诸如循环、平衡和/或测试。维修检查可在电池上执行以评估电池的条件。例如，检查操作台可评估电池是否接近其寿命终点，是否可充电，或接近例如对于一次性电池小于一次剩余击发的阈值。其他维修检查包括击发装置(在诊断模式或允许击发而无需DSM或仓的其他模式中)以监测马达参数(诸如电压或电流等)的异常情况。损坏的齿轮可导致马达负载的变化，能够通过监测的马达参数进行检测，其可指示需要替换的内部问题。另外，通常较高的马达负载可指示对清洁或润滑的需要，或装置内的损坏。
在步骤1806处，检查操作台处理器可确定柄部模块的任何部件是否需要被检查。如前所述，检查操作台处理器可根据编程以多种方式来解析使用和性能数据，以确定是否需要检查各种柄部模块部件，并且如果确定需要部件检查，则可在步骤1808处提出一个或若干部件检查建议。例如，如果检查操作台处理器在步骤1806处确定齿轮侧隙超过预设定的阈值，则检查操作台处理器可在步骤1808处显示应该检查旋转驱动系统的齿轮的建议。另外，如果检查操作台处理器在步骤1806处确定由柄部模块消耗的累积能量超过预设定的阈值，则检查操作台处理器可在步骤1808处显示应该检查旋转驱动系统的马达和/或齿轮的建议。类似地，如果检查操作台处理器在步骤1806处确定击发的阈值数量(在最近完成的程序中以及/或者在柄部模块的寿命期间)超过预设定的强度阈值(例如，力或电功率)，则检查操作台处理器可在步骤1808处显示应该检查旋转驱动系统的马达和/或齿轮的建议。经由显示器，检查操作台处理器也可以建议在各种实施方案中检查DSM。例如，如果检查操作台处理器在步骤1806处确定在最近完成的程序中的击发的阈值数量超过预设定的强度阈值，则检查操作台处理器可在步骤1808处显示应检查端部执行器中切割器械的锋利度的建议，因为钝的切割器械可能需要更大的力来执行切割行程。
柄部模块处理器还可进行维修和/或部件检查确定和建议。图28B示出用于柄部模块处理器2124的示例性处理流程。图28B的处理类似于图28A的处理，不同的是在步骤1801处，柄部模块处理器从其程序和程序后处理存储使用和性能数据，使得其可在步骤1802和1806处进行关于是否需要维修和/或部件检查的确定。在步骤1804和1808处显示的推荐和建议可在柄部模块的显示器上，并且/或者在柄部模块连接到检查操作台而且在其间存在数据连接的情况下，柄部模块处理器可向检查操作台处理器传送建议，使得检查操作台显示器可显示建议，代替或者除了将其显示在柄部模块显示器上。
如图27A和图27B所示，DSM 1680还可连接到检查操作台1600。在这样的布置中，DSM处理器和/或检查操作台处理器可基于存储在DSM存储器中的使用和性能数据进行维修和部件检查确定和建议。
为此，图35为示出可用本文所述的检查操作台执行的步骤的流程图。在步骤2200处，临床医生用包括柄部模块和DSM中的一个的外科器械来执行外科手术。如本文所述，柄部模块存储器可存储例如整个程序中的使用和程序数据，诸如用于致动各种触发器的马达能量和功率水平、马达扭矩和/或时间戳。在程序之后，在步骤2202处，临床医生可使DSM与柄部模块断开连接并且移除可移除电池组，例如使得可通过在步骤2204处将柄部模块连接到检查操作台来准备柄部模块以在后续程序中使用，如本文所示。在步骤2206处，检查操作台可从柄部模块的存储器下载(或读取)程序和使用数据。检查操作台还可下载用于柄部模块的识别数据，检查操作台处理器可使用该识别数据来在步骤2208处确定柄部模块类型和/或构型，检查操作台可将该柄部模块类型和/或构型显示在其显示器上。
在步骤2210处，检查操作台可基于其类型和构型来设置柄部模块的检查程序和检查标准。例如，检查操作台存储器可存储检查程序以及用于检查的标准，该检查程序应对于每种柄部模块类型和构型执行。基于在步骤2208处由检查操作台解决的柄部模块类型和构型ID，检查操作台可调用和/或设置要用于柄部模块的适当检查程序和检查标准。例如，在步骤2212处，检查模块可干燥柄部模块的部件，诸如本文结合图25A-图25E所述。另外，在步骤2214处，可执行密封完整性测试，诸如本文结合图24A-图24B所述。在步骤2216处，可执行用于柄部模块的电子完整性测试。这些测试可包括测试电连接存在于适当的部件之间，并且对于柄部模块的数据处理部件，用于发送数据的协议和连接正在运行。在步骤2218处，可执行柄部模块的功能和/或物理测试。例如，马达和/或旋转驱动系统可被测试(例如，驱动)以确保它们正确运行。在步骤2220处，可对需要在程序之后复位的柄部模块锁定件进行复位。在步骤2222处，可执行对柄部模块的进一步必要调节。该调节可包括对后续外科手术准备柄部模块所需的任何其他调节，和/或对由检查操作台识别的任何维修建议的执行。在步骤2224处，柄部模块可从检查操作台释放，由此其可用于后续外科手术中(或在用于后续程序之前灭菌)。检查操作台可例如通过在检查操作台的显示器上指示柄部模块可被移除来“释放”柄部模块。
如图27A和图27B所示，在外科手术中使用DSM后，DSM也可以连接到这样的检查操作台，以便检查DSM。与图35所示的类似的处理可用于连接到检查操作台的DSM，以对于后续程序准备DSM。
图35所示的各种步骤可以不同顺序或同时执行，并且图35所示的步骤不一定需要以图35所示的顺序执行，但是它们也可以按此顺序执行。例如，电子完整性测试(步骤2216)可在密封完整性测试(步骤2214)等之前执行。
图36和图37为示出涉及对柄部模块进行灭菌以及追踪其被使用/灭菌的数量的示例性步骤的处理流程图。在图36中，处理开始于步骤2300，其中柄部模块(和DSM)在外科手术中使用。在程序之后，在步骤2302处，可执行柄部模块的后处理清理，例如这可能需要手动擦拭柄部模块。此后，在步骤2304处，柄部模块可例如用自动洗涤器来净化。在步骤2306处，柄部模块可使用例如热量和/或空气在清洁室中干燥。在步骤2308处，柄部模块可连接到例如检查操作台，诸如本文结合图12A-图12C、图19A、图25A-图25E、图26A-图26C、和/或图27A-图27B所述的检查操作台。
在步骤2310处，检查操作台可查询或询问柄部模块，以确定灭菌开关(例如，开关344，参见图11E-图11I)是被激活还是处于指示其在灭菌托盘中的先前放置的状态，诸如上文在图11E-图11I中所示。如果灭菌托盘开关处于触发或致动状态，则在步骤2311处，灭菌计数增加并且开关状态复位。然后，在步骤2312处，检查操作台可确定柄部模块的阈值灭菌计数是否已达到，如本文所述。如果灭菌计数已达到，则在步骤2314处，可采取本文所述的用于柄部模块的寿命终止动作。
相反，如果阈值尚未达到，则处理可推进到步骤2316，其中诸如通过以下方式将柄部模块准备用于灭菌：将柄部模块放置在其对应灭菌托盘中(例如，参见图11E-图11I)以及/或者将灭菌盖放置在其上(例如，参见图20A-图20D)，这在任一种情况下在步骤2318处激活灭菌触发器。柄部模块可在步骤2320处被灭菌，由此可在步骤2322处将其存储并随后运送到手术室，以便在步骤2300处用于后续程序。
返回到步骤2310，如果灭菌触发器未被激活或其状态改变，则柄部模块可必须在步骤2324处被物理检查。
图37的示例性处理流程类似于图36，不同的是在步骤2300处的程序之后，柄部模块可被重新通电以在步骤2310处确定是否设置其灭菌状态标记(当开关344激活时由柄部模块处理器设置，参见图11E-图11I)。如果设置，则在步骤2311处，灭菌计数可被更新并且灭菌状态复位。
如上所述，柄部模块电池组可在外科手术之后从柄部模块移除，使得其可在后续程序中，通常在再充电之后在相同或另一个类似构造的柄部模块中使用。图29A-图29D示出用于对电池组1702进行再充电的充电操作台1700。将电池组1702插入到限定在充电操作台1700中的插座1704中，在图29B和图29C的侧视图中示出，使得当插入电池组1702时，它们相应的电源端子1706在插座1704的底部处接触对应的充电端子1708以对相应的电池组1702进行充电。所示的充电操作台1700可同时对两个电池组进行充电，但是在其他布置中，充电操作台可具有用于对更多或更少的电池组进行存储和充电的插座。
充电操作台1700可包括例如显示器1709，该显示器根据充电处理来显示电池组1702的状态，诸如当前充电或已充电/准备使用。对于当前正在充电的电池组，显示器可显示充电过程有多久和/或有多远。文本和/或图形可用于指示充电状态，诸如指示电池组被充电多少(例如，40％充电、50％充电等)的体积和/或其他类型的分数指示器。
如图29B和图29C所示，插座1704的尺寸可被设定成使得电池组1702的被插入插座中的端部部分容易地装配(例如，零插入力连接)。充电操作台1700可包括用于检测何时将电池组1702插入到插座中的装置。例如，如图29D的框图所示，充电操作台1700在插座1704的底部处可包括与充电操作台处理器1722连通的压力开关1720，该插座在电池组1702插入时被致动。除此之外或另选地，当充电操作台数据端子1712与电池组数据端子1710进行数据连接时，充电操作台处理器1722可检测电池组1702的插入。在任何情况下，当电池组1702被插入到用于充电的充电操作台1700的插座1704中时，充电操作台1700可将电池组1702临时固定到充电操作台1700，使得电池组1702不能被过早地(例如，在充电和/或完全充电之前)移除。在一种布置中，如图29B和图29C所示，这由在充电操作台1700的插座1704的底部处的螺钉1724完成，该螺钉自动地拧入电池组1702的底部中的对应开口1726中，该开口的尺寸和螺纹被设计用于接收螺钉1724。
图29D为根据各种布置的充电操作台1700和电池组1702的简化框图。假设充电操作台1700由AC功率源供电，充电操作台1700可包括用以将AC电压转换成DC电压的AC/DC转换器1730和用于将DC电压转换成期望的充电电压的调压器1732、和/或用于对电池组1702的电池单元1734进行充电的电流。充电操作台1700可包括充电控制器电路1736，以用于基于充电操作的感测的参数(诸如电流、电压和/或温度)来控制调压器1732，所述参数可由充电操作台1700的感测电路1738感测。例如，当在正常充电条件下对电池组1702进行充电时，充电控制器电路1736可控制调压器1732以在恒定电流下充电，直到Li离子或LiPo电池单元1734达到每单元规定的电压(Vpc)。然后，充电控制器电路1736可将单元保持在该Vpc，直到充电电流下降到初始充电率的X％(例如，10％)，此时充电过程可终止。可以执行适合于电池技术的其他充电方案。
压力开关1720可检测电池组1702到充电操作台1700的插座1704中的插入，并且在激活时向充电操作台处理器1722发送信号。充电操作台处理器1722可作为响应将控制信号发送到连接致动器1740，诸如线性致动器，其将螺钉1724驱动到电池组螺钉开口1726中。连接致动器1740可由第二调压器1742供电，除了连接致动器1740之外，该第二调压器还可为充电操作台1700的其他电子部件供电。
对上文进行进一步描述，电池组1702可包括数据端子1710，当电池组1702被插入到插座1704中时，该数据端子与充电操作台1700的对应数据端子1712配合。充电操作台处理器1722可具有内部或外部存储器1744，其存储待由充电操作台处理器1722执行的固件和/或软件。通过执行固件和/或软件，充电操作台处理器1722可(i)控制显示器1709，(ii)通过与充电控制器1736连通来控制电池单元充电过程的方面，以及/或者(iii)经由数据端子1710,1712与电池组处理器1750交换数据。如本文所述，电池组电子器件还可包括存储器1752，该存储器存储待由电池组处理器1750(诸如电池管理系统(BMS))执行的固件和/或软件。电池组1702还可包括例如用于感测与电池组1702有关的条件(诸如水分和/或湿度)的传感器1754，如上所述。充电操作台1700的数据端子1712还可为电池组处理器1750供应低水平功率。充电操作台1700还可包括与处理器1722通信的无线模块1755，其可以经由无线通信链路(例如，Wi-Fi、蓝牙、LTE等)与远程装置进行通信。因此，充电操作台1700可向远程计算系统(例如，服务器、台式机、平板计算机、膝上型计算机、智能电话等)无线地传送关于安装在充电操作台1700中的电池组1702的充电状态和其他数据(例如，即将到来的寿命终点、温度)。充电操作台还可包括用于有线连接的端口(例如，USB型端口)，使得关于电池组1702的充电状态和其他数据可从充电操作台1700下载到连接的装置。这样，外科人员和/或电池组供应商可接收这样的信息。
在一方面，例如，为了延长电池运行时间以及电池寿命，包括电池组1702的电池单元可以在电池组1702的寿命期间不时地重新平衡。图29E为可由充电操作台处理器1722(通过执行存储在存储器1744中的固件/软件)执行以重新平衡电池单元的处理流程的图。在步骤1760处，充电操作台处理器1722可基于例如来自插座1704中的压力开关1720的信号和/或通过一些其他合适的装置来检测电池组1702到检查操作台1700中的插入以进行充电。在步骤1762处，充电操作台处理器1722可致动连接致动器1740以在充电(和/或放电)时段期间将电池组1702临时固定到充电操作台1700。在步骤1764处，充电操作台处理器1722可与电池组处理器1750交换数据。除此之外，电池组处理器1750可交换电池组1702已经充电的时间和其单元被平衡的时间的对数。在步骤1765处，在完整的充电或放电周期可被执行之前，在需要电池组的情况下，充电操作台1700可快速地注满电池组的电荷。在步骤1765处注满电荷可例如仅以恒定电流对电池单元进行充电以使它们达到规定的Vpc水平或其分数。在步骤1766处，充电操作台处理器1722可确定电池单元是否应被再次平衡。在各个方面，单元可在其每N次充电时被平衡，其中N是大于或等于一，并且优选地大于一的整数。如果不是重新平衡电池的时间，则处理推进到步骤1768，其中电池单元被再充电，并且在步骤1770处诸如通过解除致动连接致动器1740而释放以供使用，使得电池组1702可从插座移除。另一方面，在步骤1766处，如果确定电池单元需要重新平衡，则处理可以推进到步骤1772，其中单元被放电，然后在步骤1768处充电。单元可在步骤1772处放电到合适的(低)电压电平。
如图29A所示，充电操作台1700可包括用于每个电池组充电插座的紧急释放按钮1780，或仅一个仅释放目前具有最多电荷(因此最适于紧急使用)的电池组1702的紧急释放按钮1780。在各个方面，当特定电池组1702正在进行充电时，在针对该电池组按压紧急释放按钮1780时，充电操作台处理器1722可发起一个或许多动作。例如，充电操作台处理器1722可向连接致动器1740发信号以拧开电池组1702，使得其可被移除。另外，在电池组1702的这样的机械释放之前，充电操作台处理器1722可指示充电控制器采取动作以加快电池组1702的快速充电。例如，充电操作台处理器1722可指示充电控制器1736使用在短时间段内对电池单元1734进行更快速充电的充电型式，即使这样的快速短期充电可能不能使电池单元充分地充电到其容量或提高电池单元的寿命。用于对Li离子电池单元进行充电的常见充电型式阶段包括(i)涓流充电、(ii)恒定电流充电，和(iii)恒定电压充电。充电控制器电路1736可在短持续时间内切换到这些分布之一(例如，恒定电流充电)，以在短时间段内为电池组1702提供尽可能多的额外电荷。另外，充电操作台处理器1722可通过使诸如来自充电操作台1700中的其他插座和/或电荷存储装置(例如，超级电容器或电池单元)的其他功率源可用于充电来协调可用于对电池单元进行充电的充电电压的增加。关于此类充电程序的数据也可记录在电池组存储器中。
图30A示出除了或代替图29E所示的处理，充电操作台处理器1722可采取的另一个示例性充电/放电确定处理。图30A的处理认识到外科器械电池组的放电通常对其寿命有益，但是如果在外科手术需要之前没有足够的时间对电池组进行放电，则该电池组不应被放电。图30A的处理开始于步骤1780，其中“第一”可充电电池组被插入到充电操作台1700的充电插座1704之一中。在步骤1782处，来自第一电池组的电池组使用数据被下载到充电操作台存储器，该数据可包括当前剩余电池容量。虽然图30A中未示出，但第一电池组也可在其插入时被固定到充电操作台(例如，参见图29B-图29C)。在步骤1784处，充电操作台1700可在目前正在进行或即将进行的程序中可能需要的情况下立即对第一电池组进行充电。在步骤1786处，将关于在步骤1784处的第一电池组的充电的数据写入到第一电池组的存储器中。该数据可包括例如充电步骤的开始和结束的时间戳，以及开始和结束电池容量。
在步骤1788处，充电操作台处理器检查第一电池组的充电/放电对数，并且如果第一电池组自最后一个程序以来完全放电，则处理推进到步骤1790，其中第一电池组准备好用于程序中。在该步骤处，充电操作台显示器可指示第一电池组准备好使用。另一方面，如果在步骤1788处确定第一电池组自其最后一个程序以来尚未完全放电，则处理可推进到步骤1792，其中充电操作台处理器可确定在其充电插座中是否存在至少一个其他完全充电的电池组。如果存在，则在步骤1794处，第一电池组可被完全放电以延长其寿命，因为如果需要，还存在另一个完全充电的电池组以准备使用。一旦完成了第一电池组的放电，则在步骤1796处，放电数据(例如，开始和结束时间戳、开始和结束容量)可被写入第一电池组存储器，使得在步骤1788处可执行评估。此后，处理可推进到步骤1784，其中第一电池组的电池单元被再充电，并且该处理重复。如果第一电池组在步骤1794处自最后一个程序以来被放电，则从步骤1788开始，处理将推进到步骤1790，因为不需要电池单元的另一次放电。
可进行对图30A的处理的修改。例如，初始充电步骤1784可被消除并且/或者在例如步骤1788和1790之间以及/或者在步骤1792和1790之间移动。
图30B示出充电操作台处理器1722可采取的另一个示例性充电/放电确定处理。图30B的处理类似于图30A，不同的是在步骤1783处，在步骤1782之后，充电操作台1700可执行电池组的快速电荷注满(例如，短暂充电到小于全容量)并且记录关于电池组存储器中注满电荷的数据。然后在步骤1788处，如在图30A中，充电操作台处理器可确定电池组自最后一个程序以来是否完全放电，并且如果完全放电，则在步骤1789处，执行电池组的完全充电，此时，电池组准备使用(框1790)。另一方面，在步骤1788处，如果充电操作台处理器确定电池组自最后一个程序以来并未完全放电，则处理可推进到步骤1792，其中充电操作台确定另一个电池组当前是否插入其插座1704之一中以准备使用(例如，充分或完全充电)。如果未插入，则第一电池组可在步骤1789处被完全充电。然而，如果另一个电池组被充分或完全充电并且准备使用，则在步骤1794处，第一电池组可被放电(其中关于放电的数据被存储在电池组存储器中)。在完全放电之后，处理可推进到步骤1789，使得第一电池组然后可被充电。
在各种实施方案中，充电操作台处理器1722可监测并存储各种电池单元被插入到其中的时间，作为充电操作台所在的医院或外科单元何时执行程序的指示。充电操作台处理器1722可被编程以确定医院或外科单元通常执行涉及使用此类电池组的器械的程序的当日时间，以及医院或外科单元不执行该程序的当日时间。具体地讲，例如，充电操作台处理器1722可确定医院或外科单元正在执行涉及使用此类电池组的器械的程序的统计学可能性，该程序持续跨越24小时周期的非重叠时间增量，诸如一小时增量。因此，对于电池组的完全充电(例如，在图30B的步骤1789处)，充电操作台可在存在正在进行的程序的可能性很低时开始此类完全充电步骤，特别是在已存在另一个完全充电的电池组以准备使用的情况下。也就是说，例如，在图30B中，在步骤1792处的放电之后在步骤1789处的完全充电并非必须紧接在步骤1792处的放电之后，相反可针对存在正在进行的程序的可能性较低的时间进行安排，如由充电操作台处理器1722所确定和安排的。另外，医院或外科单元的人员可经由用户界面1709向充电操作台1700输入例如关于何时执行程序以及/或者要执行的程序的类型(或程序所需的充电量)的数据。该数据可被存储在充电操作台存储器1744中，并且由充电操作台处理器1722使用以确定何时对电池组进行充电。
在对电池进行充电和放电的系统中，由于通常将待放电的电池单元上的电荷通过电阻性负载耗尽，所以在热量形式的维护下从单元泄放功率可能会浪费大量的能量。因此，充电操作台可包括风扇和/或散热器以帮助散热。在其他方面，充电操作台可使用待放电的单元上的电荷以对充电操作台中的另一个单元进行充电或将其存储在另一个电荷存储装置中。图31为用于以这样的方式对电池单元进行放电的电路1900的简化图。当对“第一”电池单元1902进行充电时，功率源/调压器1904通过闭合开关S1连接到第一电池单元1902，其中所有其他开关(S2,S3,S4和S5)打开。为了使第一电池单元1902通过电阻器1906放电，开关S2和S3闭合，并且开关S1,S4和S5打开。二极管1903控制电流从第一电池单元1902流动的方向。为了将第一电池单元1902放电到能量存储装置1908(例如，超级电容器或充电操作台内部的另一个电池单元，通常不用于外科器械)，开关S2闭合，并且开关S1,S3,S4和S5的其余部分打开。二极管1903控制电流流动到能量存储装置1908的方向。为了用能量存储装置1908上的电荷对第一电池单元1902进行充电，开关S5闭合，并且开关S1,S2,S3和S4的其余部分打开。二极管1905控制电流流动到第一电池单元1902的方向。为了用第一电池单元1902对另一个电池单元1910进行充电，开关S2和S4闭合，并且开关S1,S3和S5打开。开关S1,S2,S3,S4和S5可由充电操作台处理器1722和/或充电控制器1736控制。
图32示出用于对第一电池组1902充电和放电的电路，其类似于图31的电路，不同的是图32的构型包括可用于对第一电池单元1902充电的电池单元组1920。在所示布置中，组1920包括三个电池单元1922,1924,1926，但是在其他布置中，组1920可包括更多或更少的电池单元。组1920中的电池单元1922,1924和1926可为充电操作台的内部电池单元和/或插入到充电操作台中的其他电池组。组1920中的单元1922,1924,1926可例如用于对第一电池组1902进行快速充电，诸如在正在进行的程序中需要替换电池组的情况下。在所示布置中，组1920中的单元1922,1924,1926可串联或并联连接以提供增加的电压(当串联连接时)或增加的电流(当并联连接时)。为了串联连接单元1922,1924,1926，开关S7闭合，并且开关S6打开。为了并联连接单元1922,1924,1926，开关S6闭合，并且开关S7打开。每个单元可分别具有相关联的电阻器R1,R2,R3，例如以在并联连接时提供电流源。
在一方面，重新参见图29A，如果临床医生处于程序中间并且需要新的电池组来完成该程序，则临床医生(或他/她的助手)可从充电操作台1700中选择并移除电池组中的被完全充电的一个并且准备使用，这可在充电操作台1700的显示器1709上指示。如果电池组1702中没有任一个被指示为准备使用，则临床医生可按压例如紧急释放按钮1780，该紧急释放按钮可释放当前处于充电操作台1700中的电池组1702，该充电操作台此时具有最多电荷，如由充电控制器1736和/或充电操作台处理器1722所确定，使得部分充电的电池组可被插入到当前在程序中正在使用的柄部模块中。充电操作台1700还可包括用以指示在紧急情况下哪个电池组1702被释放的视觉指示器，使得清楚哪个电池组应该从充电操作台移除以便插入到外科器械中。对于充电操作台1700(该充电操作台包括用于在充电期间将电池组1702固定到充电操作台1700的装置，诸如图29A-图29C的布置中的螺钉1724)，紧急释放按钮1780的激活可导致连接装置使适当的电池组1702断开连接(或未固定)，如本文所述。在大约同一时间，充电操作台1722可采取步骤以在短时间段内对所选择的电池组1702进行快速充电，优选地给予其至少足够的电荷以完成一次或几次击发。如本文所述，充电操作台处理器1722可结合充电控制器电路1736改变充电型式(例如，恒定电流或恒定电压充电)，用超级电容器1908对电池组进行充电，并且/或者用一个或多个其他电池单元(其可串联或并联连接，如本文所述)对电池组进行充电。在各种布置中，直到短期充电将电池组1702充电到足以完成一次或几次击发的阈值电荷的充电水平，电池组1702才被释放(例如，通过使螺钉1724断开连接)。
在各个方面，充电操作台还可被构造成能够便于将电池组正确放置到充电操作台中以用于充电和/或增强电池组与充电操作台的充电端子之间的电接触件之间的接合，从而提高充电过程的效率。例如，充电操作台中的孔(或插座)可具有多组端子，使得无论以何种方式将电池组插入到槽/插座中，电池组的充电端子都接触充电操作台的一组充电端子。图33A和图33B分别示出电池组2000和充电操作台2002的顶视图，其中电池组2000具有正方形横截面形状，并且充电操作台2002的槽/插座2004的尺寸被设计成接收这样的正方形横截面电池组2000。所示的充电操作台2002具有两个槽/插座2004，但是在其他布置中，充电操作台2002可具一个槽/插座或不止两个槽/插座。如图33A所示，电池组2000具有充电操作台端子所接触的正端子2006和负端子2008，以便对电池组进行充电。在所示布置中，端子2006,2008并未对中在电池组2000的顶部上。因为这样的电池组2000可以四种构型(每种90度转动，并且假设电池组2000的具有端子2006-2008的侧面总是面朝下)中的一种插入到正方形形状的槽/插座2004中的一个中，所以每个槽/插座可具有定位在其中的四对充电端子2010，使得当电池组2000被插入到槽/插座2004中时，无论该电池组以何种方式转动，偏心电池组端子2006-2008都将与充电操作台端子对2010中的一个进行接触。每个充电操作台端子对2010连接到充电操作台的充电电路，但是仅有接触电池组端子2006-2008的一对2010将具有完整的电路，使得充电电流可流到电池组2000。在另一种布置中，如图34A和图34B所示，电池组端子之一可处于电池组2000的中心。在所示情况下，负端子2008处于中心，其中正端子2006朝向一侧；然而，相反的布置可在另一个实施方案中使用。充电操作台的槽/插座可对应地在中心具有用于接触电池组2000的负端子2008的一个端子2014，并且在中心端子2014的每一侧上具有用于接触正端子2006的四个端子2016，无论电池组2000以何种方式插入到槽/插座中。对于具有其他几何形状的电池组，槽/插座中可能需要存在更少或更多数量的端子对(诸如用于矩形电池组的两对)。
如上所述，外科器械可包括能够附接到外科器械和/或从外科器械拆卸的电池组件。电池组件的这样的处理可增加损坏电池组件的机会。例如，在将电池组件组装到外科器械和/或将电池组件运送到充电操作台时，电池组件可能意外地掉落。在下文中进一步详细描述，电池组件可被构造成能够在电池组件意外掉落的情况下保护电池组件的外壳、电池单元和/或电源电路。
现在参见图38，电池组件(诸如电池组件5000)例如可包括电池外壳5010和多个内部部件5030，该内部部件包括至少一个电池单元5031和/或定位在电池外壳5010内的电源电路。至少一个电池单元5031可包括例如锂离子电池。电池组件5000还包括一个或多个电接触件5011，其被构造成能够将由至少一个电池单元5031提供的电能传送到外科器械。电池组件5000还包括一个或多个对准特征5012，其被构造成能够帮助用户将电池组件5000正确地组装到外科器械。对准特征5012包括例如狭槽，该狭槽可与从外科器械延伸的突出部对准。对准特征5012围绕电池外壳5010的周边对称地布置。虽然未示出，但可以设想到其他实施方案，其中对准特征5012包括非对称构型，允许电池组件5000仅以一种取向附接到外科器械。电池组件5000还包括锁机构5040，其被构造成能够在使用期间将电池组件5000固定到外科器械。当电池组件5000附接到外科器械时，电池组件5000可将电能传送到外科器械的电接收触点。
电池外壳5010可充当被构造成能够容纳内部部件5030的容器并且/或者充当被构造成能够在其上支撑各种部件的支撑结构。作为容器和/或支撑结构，电池外壳5010可以是刚性的，以便支撑定位在其中的内部部件5030。电池外壳5010可由例如塑料材料构成。在某些情况下，内部外壳5010由例如弹性体材料构成。再次参见图38，电池外壳5010包括顶面、底面5016、多个侧向面5015、和多个角部5014。底面5016可与电接触件5011相关联。侧向面5015和角部5014被构造成能够围绕内部部件5030。
本文所述的各种实施方案涉及用于与外科器械一起使用的电池组件的保护。再次参见图38，电池组件5000包括径向和/或竖直加强件，其被构造成能够保护电池外壳5010、内部部件5030和/或电接触件5011。径向和/或竖直加强件可包括例如冲击吸收层。在各种情况下，冲击吸收层可围绕电池外壳5010，以便吸收被施加到电池外壳5010的侧向面5015、底面5016和/或角部5014的撞击力。除了或代替上文所述，冲击吸收层被容纳在电池外壳5010内。另外，除了或代替上文所述，电池组件5000还可包括用于附加保护的外部外壳。外部外壳可被构造成能够容纳电池外壳5010和冲击吸收层。
用于保护电池组件5000的一种装置示于图38A中，例如包括电池外壳或内部外壳5010，以及冲击吸收层5020。如上所述，外壳5010可由可支撑电池组件5000的内部部件5030的刚性材料构成。冲击吸收层5020可包含具有多个单元5024的格栅结构5022。单元5024可降低冲击吸收层5020的密度。单元5024可具有开放的单元结构和/或闭合的单元结构。此外，格栅结构5022可包括一个或多个格栅层。例如，格栅结构5022可包括第一或内部格栅层以及第二或外部格栅层。
格栅结构5022还包括被设计成在压力下偏转和/或弯曲的多个支柱5025。如果电池组件5000掉落，则撞击力通过单元5024的压缩以及支柱5025的弯曲和/或偏转而被吸收。因此，冲击吸收层5020可吸收震动和/或振动能量，而不是依赖于电池外壳5010来吸收在某些情况下可能导致电池组件5000的内部部件5030损坏的能量。在各种情况下，冲击吸收层5020可包括例如泡沫状结构和/或弹性体材料。
在各种情况下，再次参见图38，单元5024被布置成排，例如具有单元5026的内排、单元5027的中间排以及单元5028的外排。单元5026的内排中的每个单元可包括平面壁5026a。单元5026被取向成使得单元5026的平面壁5026a至少基本上平行于电池外壳5010的侧向面5015。单元5028的外排中的每个单元可包括平面壁5028a。单元5028被取向成使得单元5028的平面壁5028a至少基本上平行于冲击吸收层5020的外表面5029。以这样的方式对内排5026和外排5028中的每个单元的平面壁5026a,5028a进行取向可产生更抗震的冲击吸收层5020。冲击吸收层5020可包括定位在电池外壳5010的角部5014附近的角部部分，该角部部分可吸收指向电池外壳5010的角部5014的撞击力。角部部分5020彼此不连接；然而，可以设想到这样的实施方案，其中角部部分5020可彼此连接。
在各种情况下，电池组件5000包括多个冲击吸收元件5020。冲击吸收元件5020被定位成保护电池组件5000的角部5014。在各种情况下，撞击力可更集中在角部5014处，这可增加损坏电池外壳5010和/或内部部件5030的风险。冲击吸收元件5020包括端部部分5021，该端部部分延伸超过电池外壳5010的底面5016，以便防止损坏例如电接触件5011，并且进一步保护电池组件5000。如果电池组件5000以使得底面5016至少基本上平行于地的取向掉落，则端部部分5021中的一个或多个可吸收撞击力并耗散撞击能量。
可能优选的是，电池组件在经历撞击力之后是可用的，诸如当电池组件5000意外地掉落时。在此类情况下，冲击吸收元件5020被构造成能够允许电池组件5000保持正确地装配到外科器械的电池接收部分中的能力，并且仍然将电能传送到外科器械的电接收触点，即使电池组件5000已掉落。冲击吸收元件5020可包括被构造成能够在施加撞击力时变形的褶皱区域。在至少一种情况下，如果撞击力低于起皱力阈值，则褶皱区域可能不会永久地变形，或至少基本上永久地变形。在此类情况下，只有在撞击力达到或超过起皱力阈值的情况下，褶皱区域才可以永久地变形。褶皱区域可限制冲击吸收元件5020朝向电池组件5000的中心的变形的方向。这种向内变形可通过防止向外变形来保持电池组件5000装配到外科器械的电池接收部分中的能力，该向外变形将导致电池组件5000获得不能装配到外科器械的电池接收部分中的形状。
在各种情况下，冲击吸收元件5020可经历需要替换冲击吸收元件5020的过量变形。在需要替换冲击吸收元件5020的情况下，电池组件5000可被构造成能够使得外科器械的用户可以从电池组件5000移除损坏的冲击吸收元件，然后将可用的冲击吸收元件附接到其上。在下文中更详细地描述，可能优选的是，可及时地替换冲击吸收元件5020。当将另外的任务引入到外科手术中时，最小化替换冲击吸收元件5020所需的时间量可能是重要的。
当需要替换冲击吸收元件5020时，将冲击吸收元件5020组装到电池组件5000可为必需的。在各种情况下，冲击吸收元件5020包括一个或多个突起5023，其被构造成能够滑动/楔入到电池外壳5010中的对应狭槽5013中。狭槽5013被构造成能够在需要替换冲击吸收元件5020的情况下接收新的和/或可用的冲击吸收元件的突起5023。在各种情况下，突起5023和狭槽5013可在其间包括按压配合，这可允许突起5023沿着外壳5010的角部在狭槽5013内滑动。在至少一种情况下，突起5023和狭槽5013可在其间包括楔入配合。在各种情况下，冲击吸收元件5020可以卡扣配合方式附接到电池外壳5010。在至少一种情况下，电池外壳5010可包括被构造成能够以卡扣配合方式接收突起5023的开孔。在某些情况下，突起5023可以卡扣配合方式径向进入到狭槽5013中。除了或代替上文所述，冲击吸收元件5020可使用例如粘合剂附接到外壳5010。
在各种情况下，电池组件5000还包括冲击吸收盖5050。冲击吸收盖5050被定位在电池组件5000的外端5002处。冲击吸收盖包括肩部5051，其被构造成能够在电池组件5000完全坐置在外科器械中时接触外科器械。肩部5051可充电例如止动件，并且可限定电池组件5000的完全坐置位置。在各种情况下，肩部5051被构造成能够邻接冲击吸收元件5020。如果电池组件5000附接到外科器械，则在外科器械以使得顶面在撞击时至少基本上平行于地的方向掉落的情况下，冲击吸收盖5050可保护电池组件5000和/或外科器械。另一方面，如果电池组件5000不附接到外科器械，则在电池组件5000以使得顶面至少基本上平行于地的方向掉落的情况下，冲击吸收盖5050仍可保护电池组件5000。
电池组件5000的局部剖视图示于图39中。冲击吸收盖5050包括格栅结构或单元结构，其包括多个单元5052。冲击吸收盖5050可包括类似于冲击吸收层5020的材料。在电池组件5000的外边缘5054附近使用更致密的格栅布置5055，其可以耗散更集中的撞击力。冲击吸收盖5050包括中心部分5053，该中心部分包括柱状格栅布置5056，其被构造成能够吸收由施加到中心部分5053的撞击力生成的撞击能量。在各种情况下，柱格栅布置5056被构造成能够耗散广泛施加的撞击力。
在各种情况下，冲击吸收盖5050可包括被构造成能够在施加撞击力时变形的褶皱区域。冲击吸收盖5050可被设计成例如在电池组件5000掉落的情况下使用褶皱区域来防止电池组件5000在地板上弹起。
冲击吸收盖5050可为可容易替换的。在冲击吸收盖5050经历需要替换冲击吸收盖5050的过量变形的情况下，电池组件5000可被构造成能够使得外科器械的用户可以从电池组件5000移除损坏的冲击吸收盖，然后附接可用的冲击吸收盖。
在各种情况下，冲击吸收元件5020可由中间部分栓系。中间部分可被构造成能够保护电池外壳5010的侧向面5015和/或对准特征5012。可以理解，如果撞击力被施加在电池外壳5010的侧向面5015的表面区域上方，则由撞击力生成的应力将比在将相同撞击力施加到电池外壳5010的具有较小表面区域的角部5014的情况下更小。换句话讲，撞击力分布的表面区域越多，应力和应力集中越低。因此，可能不必要的是，冲击吸收元件5020之间的中间部分由与冲击吸收元件5020相当的组成构成。在至少一种情况下，因此，中间部分可包括比冲击吸收元件5020更薄的组成；然而，可以设想到各种实施方案，其中中间部分包括与冲击吸收元件5020相同和/或比其更厚的组成。
电池组件5000的冲击吸收元件5020中的每个包括类似的构造；然而，可以设想到其他实施方案，其中冲击吸收元件5020中的一个或多个可与其他不同。在至少一种这样的情况下，冲击吸收元件5020中的至少一个可包括例如定位在其中的额外重物，诸如金属重物，这可导致电池组件5000以特定取向掉下并跌落。例如，也可通过将一个或多个重物放置在电池外壳5010中来实现这样的效果。
在许多方面类似于电池组件5000的电池组件5100示于图40中。电池组件5100可包括用于保护电池组件5100的内部部件5030免受因撞击震动和/或热量而造成的损坏的装置。上文中讨论了用于保护电池组件5100免受撞击震动的各种装置。例如，由图40A中的Q表示的热量可通过电池外壳5110传递，并且可被定位在电池外壳5110中的电池单元5031吸收。
应当理解，热量从较高温度环境流向较低温度环境。在典型的灭菌条件下，电池组件5100暴露于高温，并且因此热量从灭菌室流入到电池组件5100中。然而，在一些情况下，电池组件5100可能被不正确地灭菌并且可能暴露于过高的温度。如果电池单元5031中的至少一个吸收和/或保持有害量的热量Q，则电池单元5031可经历热失控事件并且失效。
现在参见图40A，电池外壳5110包括热反射壳体或屏蔽件5111、冲击吸收层5112以及散热层5113。例如，反射壳体5111被构造成能够反射和/或阻止由不正确的灭菌生成的热量Q的传送。在各种情况下，反射壳体5111可由例如具有低热导率的材料(诸如聚合物和/或陶瓷材料)构成。具有低热导率的材料通常具有低的热膨胀率。具有低热导率的材料也可作为绝缘层表现良好。在任何情况下，反射壳体5111可包括可将热量反射离开电池组件5100的反射外表面。反射外表面可由例如抛光金属(诸如抛光铝)构成。
对上文进行进一步描述，散热层5113被构造成能够吸收通过反射壳体5111传递的热量。散热层5113还可被构造成能够例如在电池单元5031被再充电时吸收由电池单元5031生成的热量。在一些情况下，电池单元5031可由于其过度充电和/或过度使用而生成非典型量的热量。在各种情况下，散热层5113可由例如具有高热导率的材料(诸如金属)构成。具有高热导率的任何合适的材料可用于吸收由至少一个电池单元5031生成的热量。此外，具有高热导率的材料通常具有高的热膨胀率。
对上文进行进一步描述，电池单元5031可在其被充电时膨胀。使电池单元5031膨胀可向外推动散热层5113。此外，散热层5113可由于其高的热膨胀率而快速向外膨胀。电池单元5031和散热层5113的这样的向外运动可朝向反射壳体5111推动冲击吸收层5112并且将压力施加到反射壳体5111。这样的压力可在反射壳体5111、散热层5113和电池单元5031内生成应力，特别是在其中反射壳体5111由具有比散热层5113低的热膨胀率的材料构成的实施方案中。在此类情况下，散热层5113可比反射壳体5111膨胀得更多，从而在反射壳体5111、散热层5113和电池单元5031中产生附加应力。
冲击吸收层5112被构造成能够允许电池单元5031的膨胀，同时防止对电池外壳5110的损坏。作为电池外壳5110的自由度，冲击吸收层5112可膨胀和/或收缩，以便通过允许散热层5113和至少一个电池单元5031在维持电池组件5100的支撑能力的同时由于热量传送而膨胀和/或收缩来管理电池单元5031的膨胀和/或收缩。在各种情况下，冲击吸收层5112的膨胀和收缩可防止对电池外壳5110的损坏。冲击吸收层5112可吸收热撞击和震动撞击。
现在转到图41和图42，外科器械系统5300包括可与选自多个轴组件的轴组件一起使用的柄部5310。对上文进行进一步描述，此类轴组件中的一个或多个可包括例如钉仓。柄部5310包括外壳5312、第一可旋转驱动输出5340和第二可旋转驱动输出5350。柄部5310还包括用于操作第一可旋转驱动输出5340的第一致动器5314以及用于操作第二可旋转驱动输出5350的第二致动器5315。柄部外壳5312包括被构造成能够在其中接收电池的电池腔体5311。电池可为例如任何合适的电池，诸如锂离子电池。在各种情况下，电池可插入到电池腔体5311中并且可从电池腔体5311移除。在许多情况下，例如，这样的电池可向柄部5310提供功率以操作外科器械系统5300，而无需补充额外的和/或栓系的功率源。出于许多原因，这样的设计可能是有利的。例如，当外科器械系统5300未拴系到功率源时，外科器械系统5300的整体可存在于手术室的无菌区域中。然而，此类电池只能提供有限量的功率。在许多情况下，电池可供应的有限量的功率足以操作外科器械系统5300。另一方面，可能会出现电池不能为外科器械系统5300供应必要功率的一些情况。
再次参见图41，定位在柄部5310的电池腔体5311中的电池可例如被移除并且用电源适配器5360替换。电源适配器5360包括定位在电池腔体5311中的远侧插头5361。远侧插头5361包括多个电接触件5366，其可与柄部5310中的对应电接触件5316接合。在各种情况下，电池和远侧插头5361可接合相同电接触件5316，这取决于哪一者定位在电池腔体5311中。在此类情况下，无论电池或电源适配器5360是否与柄部5310接合，柄部5310都可从一组电接触件5316提供功率。在其他情况下，电池接合第一组电接触件5316，并且远侧插头5361接合不同组的电接触件5316。在此类情况下，柄部5310的微处理器可被构造成能够识别电池或电源适配器5360是否联接到柄部5310。
电源适配器5360的远侧插头5361可包括任何合适的形状，只要远侧插头5361可定位在电池腔体5311中。在各种情况下，远侧插头5361可包括例如与电池相同的几何形状。在某些情况下，远侧插头5361的外壳与电池的外壳类似或足够相似。在任何情况下，远侧插头5361可被构造成使得一旦远侧插头5361已经完全坐置在电池腔体5311中，则远侧插头5361和电池腔体5311之间的相对运动很少(如果有的话)。在至少一种情况下，远侧插头5361包括止动件5368，其被构造成能够接触限定在柄部外壳5312上的止动基准5318。当止动插头止动件5368接触柄部止动基准5318时，插头5361可完全坐置在电池腔体5311中。柄部5310和/或插头5361可包括被构造成能够将插头5361保持在其完全坐置位置中的锁。例如，插头5361包括被构造成能够可释放地接合外壳5312的至少一个锁5362。
电源适配器5360还包括从插头5361延伸的绳索5363。例如，绳索5363将插头5361与功率源(诸如功率源5370)电联接。功率源5370可包括例如任何合适的功率源，诸如信号发生器，其从例如110V、60Hz功率源和/或电池接收功率。绳索5363包括用以将电力从功率源5370传送到插头5361的任何合适数量的导体和绝缘体。在至少一种情况下，绳索5363包括例如通过绝缘体护套彼此电绝缘的供应导体、返回导体和接地导体。绳索5363的每个导体可包括例如包含在近侧插头5369内的近侧端子。在各种情况下，近侧插头5369可以可释放地附接到功率源5370。在某些其他情况下，近侧插头可能不容易从功率源5370拆卸。
在各种情况下，功率源5370可包括例如直流(DC)功率源。在此类情况下，电池和电源适配器5360均可向柄部5310供应DC功率，这取决于哪一者电联接到柄部5310。电源适配器5360和功率源5370可协作地将电力供应给柄部5310，该电力等于和/或超过电池可提供给柄部5310的电力。在至少一种情况下，使用柄部5310作为外科器械系统5300的一部分的外科医生可确定柄部5310功率不足，从柄部5310移除电池，并将电源适配器5360联接到柄部5310。功率源5370然后可被操作以经由电源适配器5360向柄部5310提供足够的功率以按期望的方式操作外科器械系统。在各种情况下，功率源5370可例如向柄部5310提供更大的电压。
在某些情况下，功率源5370包括交流(AC)功率源。在至少一种这样的情况下，电源适配器5360可包括交流到直流(AC/DC)电源转换器，其被构造成能够将由功率源5370提供的AC功率转换为DC功率。在此类情况下，电池和电源适配器5360均可向柄部5310提供DC功率，这取决于哪一者电联接到柄部5310。AC/DC电源转换器可包括例如变压器、全波桥式整流器和/或滤波电容器；然而，可以使用任何合适的AC/DC电源转换器。例如，AC/DC电源转换器被定位在插头5361中；然而，AC/DC电源转换器可以任何合适的位置定位在电源适配器5360内，诸如缆线5363。
在各种情况下，柄部5310包括除了或代替电源适配器5360的AC/DC电源转换器的AC/DC电源转换器。这样的实施方案可实现上述两组电池接触件5316。在至少一个这样的实施方案中，电池电源电路可包括一、第一电路段，该第一电路段包括由电池接合的第一组触点5316；以及二、与第一电路段并联的第二电路段，该第二电路段包括由电源适配器5360接合的第二组触点5316。第二电路段包括AC/DC电源转换器，其被构造成能够将由功率源5370提供的AC功率转换为DC功率，而第一电路段不包括AC/DC电源转换器，因为电池已被构造成能够提供DC功率。
再次参见图41，柄部5310可处于无菌手术区域5301中，并且电源5370可处于非无菌区域5302中。在此类情况下，电源适配器5360可在无菌区域5301和非无菌区域5302之间延伸。无菌区域5301和非无菌区域由边界5303分开。边界5303可包括例如物理边界，诸如墙壁，或例如无菌手术台和非无菌背台中间的虚拟边界。
为了使用电源适配器5360，定位在电池腔体5311中的电池必须被移除，以便将电源适配器5360的插头5361安装到电池腔体5311中。可以设想到另选实施方案，其中当电源适配器与柄部5310可操作地联接时，电池可保留在电池腔体5311中。现在转到图42，电池5461可定位在电池腔体5311中。当锁5362被停用时，电池5461可容易地从电池腔体5311移除；然而，可以设想到其中电池5461不容易从电池腔体5311移除实施方案。类似于插头5361，电池5461的尺寸和构造可被设计成使得电池5461紧密地接收在电池腔体5311中，以便在电池5461完全坐置在电池腔体5311中时限制电池5461和电池腔体5311之间的相对运动。同样类似于插头5361，电池5461包括被构造成能够接触柄部5310的止动基准5318的端部止动件5468。
电池5461包括例如定位在其中一个或多个锂离子电池单元。与上述类似，电池5461可向柄部5310提供足够的功率以在各种情况下操作外科器械系统。在电池5461的电池单元缺乏操作外科器械系统必要的功率的情况下，电源适配器5460可联接到电池5461。电源适配器5460在许多方面类似于电源适配器5360。与上述类似，电源适配器5460包括例如绳索5463，该绳索包括可连接到功率源(诸如功率源5370)的近侧端部5369。电池5461包括限定在其中的电连接器5464，其被构造成能够接收绳索5463的远侧连接器5465以将功率源5370电联接到电池5461。
在至少一种情况下，对上文进行进一步描述，当适配器连接器5465被插入到电池连接器5464中时，电源适配器5460可与电池5461串联放置。在此类情况下，电池5461和功率源5370均可向柄部5310供应功率。图43示出这样的实施方案。如图43中所公开，电池5461’包括电源电路，该电源电路包括一个或多个电池单元5470’，其被构造成能够向柄部5310提供DC功率。当电源适配器5460电联接到电池5461’时，功率源5370可以一、经由再充电电路5471’对电池单元5470’进行再充电，并且/或者二、补充电池单元5470’正在向柄部5310提供的功率。在功率源5370包括AC功率源的情况下，电池5461’可包括AC/DC变压器5467’，该变压器被构造能够在将功率提供给充电电路5471’和/或电池单元5470’之前将由功率源5370提供的AC功率转换为DC功率。电池中的电源电路包括彼此串联的电池连接器5464、AC/DC变压器5467’、充电电路5471’、电池单元5470’和电池端子5366；然而，可使用用于电源电路的任何合适的布置。
在其他情况下，适配器连接器5465到电池连接器5464中的插入可将功率源5370与柄部5310电联接，并且同时将电池5461的电池单元从柄部5310电脱离。图44示出这样的实施方案。如图44中所公开，电池5461”包括电源电路，该电源电路包括一个或多个电池单元5470”，其被构造成能够向柄部5310提供DC功率。当适配器连接器5465不定位在电池连接器5464中时，电池单元5470”经由第一电路段5472”和电池开关5474”与电池接触件5366电连通。在此类情况下，电池开关5474”处于第一开关状态。适配器连接器5465到电池连接器5464中的插入将开关5474”置于第二开关状态，如图44所示，其中电池单元5470”不再能够向触点5366供应电力。另外，当开关5474”处于其第二开关状态时，电源适配器5460和电池连接器5464经由第二电路段5473”和电池开关5474”与电池接触件5366电连通。在功率源5370包括AC功率源的情况下，电池5461”的第二电路段5473”可包括AC/DC变压器5467”，该变压器被构造能够将由功率源5370提供的AC功率转换为DC功率。
如上所述，再次参见图44，电池开关5474”可被操作以在开关5474”处于其第一开关状态时将包括电池单元5470”的第一并联电路段5472”选择性地放置成与电池接触件5366电连通，并且另选地，在开关5474”处于其第二开关状态时将包括电池连接器5464和AC/DC变压器5467”的第二并联电路段5473”放置成与电池接触件5366电连通。电池开关5474”可包括机械开关、机电开关和/或电子开关，如下文更详细地描述。
机械电池开关5474”可包括例如滑动母线，该滑动母线在与开关5474”的第一开关状态相关联的第一位置和与开关5474”的第二开关状态相关联的第二位置之间推动。在滑动母线的第一位置，母线将第一电路段5472”与电池接触件5366联接，但是不将第二电路段5473”与电池接触件5366联接。在滑动母线的第二位置，母线将第二电路段5473”与电池接触件5366联接，但是不将第一电路段5472”与电池接触件5366联接。电池5461还可包括偏压构件，诸如弹簧，其被构造成能够将母线偏压到其第一位置，并且因此将电池开关5474”偏压到其第一开关状态。对上文进行进一步描述，当适配器连接器5465被插入到电池连接器5464中时，适配器连接器5465可接触开关5474”的母线，并且将母线从其第一位置推动到其第二位置，并且将开关5474”置于其第二开关状态。当适配器连接器5465从电池连接器5464移除时，偏压构件可使母线返回其第一位置并且将电池单元5470”与电池接触件5366重新电联接。在某些另选实施方案中，适配器连接器5465到电池连接器5464中的插入可使电池单元5470”从电池接触件5466永久脱离。在至少一个这样的实施方案中，电池5461”可包括锁，该锁被构造成能够一旦母线被适配器连接器5465推动到其第二位置便将母线保持在其第二位置。这样的实施方案可提供永久锁定以防止电池5461”被再次用于从电池单元5470”供应功率，因为可能不期望和/或不可靠的是对不能为柄部5310提供足够功率的电池进行再利用和/或再充电。
例如，机电开关5474”可包括继电器。当适配器连接器5465未定位在电池连接器5464中时，继电器可被偏压到第一继电器状态。当适配器连接器5465电联接到电池连接器5464时，继电器可被切换到第二继电器状态。继电器可包括例如电磁体，该电磁体可包括线圈和衔铁，当适配器连接器5465的触点与电池连接器5464交接时，该电磁体被激活。在至少一种情况下，电源适配器5460可包括除功率电路之外的继电器控制电路，该继电器控制电路可为继电器的线圈提供足够的电压以将继电器的衔铁在其第一开关状态和其第二开关状态之间移动。在各种情况下，开关5474”可包括例如闩锁继电器。在至少一种情况下，开关5474”可包括例如接触器，其可由例如微处理器和控制电路电子控制。
某些电子开关可能不具有例如任何移动部件，诸如固态继电器。固态继电器可使用例如晶闸管、TRIAC和/或任何其他固态开关装置。固态继电器可由来自功率源5370的控制信号激活，例如以将提供给电池接触件5366的负载从电池单元5470”切换到功率源5370。在至少一种情况下，固态继电器可包括例如接触器固态继电器。在各种情况下，电子开关可包括例如微处理器以及与微处理器信号通信的传感器，该传感器检测是否向电池连接器5464的触点提供功率。在至少一种情况下，传感器可被构造成能够电感地检测在将电压施加到电池连接器5464的触点时生成的场。在某些情况下，微处理器可响应于例如从电源5370接收的控制信号，以将继电器在第一继电器状态和第二继电器状态之间切换，以分别控制是第一并联电路段5472”还是第二并联电路段5473”与电池接触件5366电连通。
对上文进行进一步描述，电源适配器5460可包括AC/DC电源转换器。电源适配器5460在绳索5463中包括AC/DC功率变压器5467；然而，AC/DC功率变压器可以任何合适的位置放置在电源适配器5460中。
在各种情况下，电源适配器供应系统可包括例如电池，诸如电池5361,5461,5461’和/或5461”，以及电源适配器，诸如电源适配器5360和/或5460。
现在转到图45-图47，外科器械系统的柄部5510包括抓握部分或手枪式握把5511和外壳5512。柄部5510还包括例如定位在抓握部分5511中的一个或多个电池单元，诸如电池单元5470。在许多情况下，电池单元5470可向柄部5510提供足够的功率以操作外科器械系统。在其他情况下，电池单元5470可能不能向柄部5510提供足够的功率。在此类情况下，如下文进一步更详细地描述，补充电池诸如补充电池5560例如可附接到柄部5510以向柄部5510提供功率。
对上文进行进一步描述，主要参见图47，电池单元5470被串联布置为电池电源电路5513的一部分。电池电源电路5513与限定在外壳5512中的电连接器5516电连通。电连接器5516可包括任何合适数量的电接触件。在至少一种情况下，电连接器5516包括例如两个电接触件。电连接器5516被定位在抓握部分5511的端部处；然而，电连接器5516可被定位在柄部5510上的任何合适的位置处。
柄部5510还包括连接器盖5517。连接器盖5517可在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，在该第一位置，连接器盖覆盖电连接器5516，在第二位置，电连接器5516被暴露。外壳5512包括限定在其中的狭槽5518，该狭槽被构造成能够可滑动地接收并支撑连接器盖5517。柄部5510还包括例如在外壳5512和连接器盖5517中间定位在狭槽5518中的偏压构件，诸如弹簧5519。弹簧5519被构造成能够将连接器盖5517偏压到其第一位置以覆盖电连接器5516。
如上所述，补充电池5560能够附接到柄部5510。补充电池5560包括例如外壳5562和定位在其中的一个或多个电池单元，诸如电池单元5570。电池单元5570被串联布置为补充电池供给电路5563的一部分。补充电池供给电路5563与限定在电池外壳5562中的电连接器5566电连通。电连接器5566包括与电连接器5516相同数量的电接触件，并且被构造成能够与电连接器5516的电接触件形成配对。
补充电池5560的外壳5562还包括限定在其中的腔体或插座5561，其被构造成能够接收柄部5510的抓握部分5511。腔体5561被构造成能够紧密地接收抓握部分5511，使得当补充电池5560完全组装到其上时在补充电池5560和柄部5510之间存在很小的相对运动或不存在相对运动。在补充电池5560被组装到柄部5510时，外壳5562接触连接器盖5517并且将连接器盖5517推动到其第二位置以暴露电连接器5516。一旦电连接器5516的触点已经至少部分地暴露，电连接器5566的触点便可接合电连接器5516的触点。此时，补充电池供给电路5563已经电联接到电池电源电路5513。
电连接器5516和5566可被定位并且布置成使得它们不彼此接合，直到补充电池5560已完全坐置到抓握部分5511上。在其他实施方案中，电连接器5516和5566可被定位并且布置成使得它们在补充电池5560被完全坐置到抓握部分5511上之前彼此接合。在任一种情况下，柄部5510的外壳5512和/或补充电池5560的外壳5562可包括被构造成能够将补充电池5560保持到外壳5510的锁。该锁可释放以允许补充电池5560容易地从柄部5510移除；然而，可以设想到这样的实施方案，其中锁不允许补充电池5560容易地从柄部5510释放。
如上所述，当补充电池5560被组装到柄部5510时，补充电池供给电路5563电联接到电池电源电路5513。在各种情况下，补充电池单元5570与柄部电池单元5470串联放置，并且可增加柄部5510可用的功率。例如，当柄部电池单元5470已从使用中耗尽时，这此类实施方案可为有用的。在其他情况下，补充电池5560的补充电池单元5570与柄部5510的电池单元5470并联放置。在至少一种这样的情况下，当补充电池单元5570与柄部5510电联接时，柄部电池单元5470可从柄部5510电脱离。当柄部电池单元5470中发生短路时，此类实施方案可为有用的。柄部5510的各种实施方案可包括开关，其可允许用户选择性地将补充电池单元5570与柄部电池单元5470串联或并联放置。
实施例
实施例1-一种包括具有附接部分的柄部模块的外科设备，其中可拆卸轴模块能够附接到附接部分以用于共同执行外科手术，并且其中柄部模块包括旋转驱动系统以用于驱动可拆卸轴模块，联接到旋转驱动系统的电动马达以用于为旋转驱动系统提供动力，以及一个或多个传感器。柄部模块还包括与一个或多个传感器和电动马达连通的柄部模块处理器电路，其中柄部模块处理器电路被编程以控制电动马达，基于来自一个或多个传感器的输入来追踪柄部模块的寿命终止参数，并且维持寿命终止参数的计数。
实施例2-实施例1的外科设备，还包括与柄部模块处理器电路连通的装置，以用于在柄部模块处理器电路确定寿命终止参数的计数达到阈值时采取寿命终止动作。
实施例3-实施例2的外科设备，其中用于采取寿命终止动作的装置包括显示器，该显示器向用户显示指示达到阈值的寿命终止参数的外科设备信息。
实施例4-实施例3的外科设备，其中显示器显示计数。
实施例5-实施例3或4的外科设备，其中显示器显示指示器，该指示器指示达到阈值之前柄部模块的剩余使用数量。
实施例6-实施例2,3,4或5的外科设备，其中用于采取寿命终止动作的装置包括用于针对后续外科手术停用柄部模块的装置。
实施例7-实施例6的外科设备，其中用于停用柄部模块的装置包括用于停用电动马达的操作的装置。
实施例8-实施例6或7的外科设备，其中用于停用柄部模块的装置包括用于防止将充电的电池组安装在柄部模块中的装置。
实施例9-实施例2,3,4,5,6,7或8的外科设备，其中寿命终止参数选自柄部模块的击发数量、涉及柄部模块的外科手术的数量、可拆卸轴模块到柄部模块的附接的数量、柄部模块的灭菌的数量，以及可移除电池组到柄部模块的附接的数量，其中可移除电池组用于在外科手术期间向柄部模块提供电力。
实施例10-实施例2,3,4,5,6,7,8或9的外科设备，其中寿命终止参数根据函数来计算，其输入包括柄部模块的击发数量和涉及柄部模块的外科手术的数量。
实施例11-实施例10的外科设备，其中函数通过使用不同可拆卸轴模块的不同加权系数来计算寿命终止参数。
实施例12-实施例2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10或11的外科设备，其中可拆卸轴模块包括具有击发构件的端部执行器，该击发构件在击发时横贯行程长度，并且其中寿命终止参数包括柄部模块的使用参数，其指示在击发构件的行程长度内期望由柄部模块施加的力与实际由柄部模块施加的力之间的差值。
实施例13-实施例2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11或12的外科设备，其中寿命终止参数包括柄部模块已被灭菌的次数。
实施例14-实施例2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12或13的外科设备，其中柄部模块包括与柄部模块处理器电路连通的灭菌传感器，该柄部模块处理器电路当保护性灭菌盖附接到柄部模块时被致动。
实施例15-实施例14的外科设备，其中灭菌传感器包括在保护性灭菌盖附接到柄部模块时被致动的开关。
实施例16-实施例2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14或15的外科设备，还包括检查操作台，其中柄部模块能够连接到检查操作台以用于在外科手术之后检查柄部模块，其中检查操作台包括在柄部模块连接到检查操作台时经由数据连接与柄部模块处理器电路连通的检查操作台处理器电路，以及与检查操作台处理器电路连通的检查操作台显示器，其中检查操作台显示器显示当柄部模块连接到检查操作台时关于柄部模块的信息。
实施例17-包括柄部模块的外科设备，该柄部模块能够附接到可拆卸轴模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中柄部模块包括能够被激活以驱动可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统、联接到旋转驱动系统以用于为旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达，以及用于基于旋转驱动系统被激活的次数来追踪柄部模块的寿命终止参数的计数的装置。
实施例18-实施例17的外科设备，其中用于追踪寿命终止参数的计数的装置包括处理器电路和存储器，其中存储器存储由处理器执行的程序代码以追踪柄部模块的寿命终止参数的计数。
实施例19-实施例17或18的外科设备，其中柄部模块由可移除电池组供电，并且其中用于追踪柄部模块的寿命终止参数的计数的装置进一步基于可移除电池组连接到柄部模块的次数。
实施例20-实施例17,18或19的外科设备，还包括用于在灭菌程序期间保持柄部模块的灭菌托盘，其中用于追踪柄部模块的寿命终止参数的计数的装置包括灭菌托盘上的计数器，该计数器当柄部模块被放置在灭菌托盘中时使计数递增。
实施例21-包括柄部模块的设备，该柄部模块能够附接到可拆卸轴模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中柄部模块包括用于驱动可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统，联接到旋转驱动系统以用于为旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达，以及与电动马达连通的柄部模块处理器电路。该设备还包括用于在柄部模块不用于外科手术中时连接到柄部模块的检查操作台，其中检查操作台包括在柄部模块连接到检查操作台时经由数据连接与柄部模块处理器电路连通的检查操作台处理器电路，以及与检查操作台处理器电路连通的检查操作台显示器，其中检查操作台显示器显示关于连接到检查操作台的柄部模块的信息。
实施例22-实施例21的设备，其中检查操作台包括电源以用于在柄部模块连接到检查操作台时向柄部模块提供电力。
实施例23-实施例21或22的设备，其中检查操作台被构造成能够对柄部模块执行一个或多个测试以确定柄部模块用于后续外科手术中的适合性。
实施例24-实施例23的设备，其中一个或多个测试包括柄部模块的密封完整性测试。
实施例25-实施例23或24的设备，其中一个或多个测试包括对于柄部模块的旋转驱动系统的齿轮侧隙测试。
实施例26-实施例21,22,23,24或25的设备，其中检查操作台被构造成能够执行调节动作以调节柄部模块以用于在后续外科手术中使用。
实施例27-实施例26的设备，其中调节动作包括干燥柄部模块的部件。
实施例28-实施例21,22,23,24,25,26或27的设备，其中检查操作台包括一个或多个风扇以用于在柄部模块的部件上吹送空气。
实施例29-实施例21,22,23,24,25,26,27或28的设备，其中检查操作台包括真空口以用于用真空压力气流干燥柄部模块的部件。
实施例30-实施例21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28或29的设备，其中检查操作台还包括能够连接到柄部模块的旋转驱动系统的负载模拟适配器。
实施例31-实施例30的设备，其中负载模拟适配器包括马达以用于向柄部模块的旋转驱动系统提供模拟负载。
实施例32-实施例21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30或31的设备，其中检查操作台进一步连接到可拆卸轴模块。
实施例33-外科手术过程，包括由临床医生用外科器械对患者执行外科手术，该外科器械包括连接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块，其中柄部模块包括存储关于柄部模块和外科手术的数据的存储器；当柄部模块连接到检查操作台时，将关于存储在柄部模块的存储器中的外科手术的检查操作台数据下载到存储器；当同时柄部模块连接到检查操作台时，在显示器上可视地显示关于柄部模块的操作台信息的检查。
实施例34-实施例33的外科手术过程，还包括在外科手术之后以及在将柄部模块连接到检查操作台之前，从柄部模块移除可移除电池组，其中在外科手术期间可移除电池组为柄部模块供电；当同时柄部模块连接到检查操作台时，用来自检查操作台的电功率为柄部模块供电。
实施例35-实施例33或34的外科手术过程，当柄部模块连接到检查操作台时，对柄部模块执行一个或多个测试以确定柄部模块用于后续外科手术中的适合性。
实施例36-实施例35的外科手术过程，其中一个或多个测试包括柄部模块的密封完整性测试。
实施例37-实施例35或36的外科手术过程，其中一个或多个测试包括齿轮侧隙测试。
实施例38-实施例34,35,36或37的外科手术过程，当柄部模块连接到检查操作台时，执行调节动作以调节柄部模块以用于在后续外科手术中使用。
实施例39-实施例38的外科手术过程，其中调节动作包括干燥柄部模块的部件。
实施例40-包括柄部模块的外科设备，该柄部模块能够附接到可拆卸轴模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中柄部模块包括用于驱动可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统，联接到旋转驱动系统以用于为旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达，用于感测关于电动马达的数据的一个或多个传感器，以及与一个或多个传感器连通的柄部模块处理器电路，其中柄部模块处理器电路被编程以基于来自一个或多个传感器的输入来监测柄部模块的性能参数，并且其中柄部模块处理器电路通过监测性能参数是否在可接受的性能带之外来监测柄部模块的性能参数。
实施例41-实施例40的外科设备，其中处理器电路通过监测性能参数是低于还是高于可接受的性能带来监测柄部模块的性能参数。
实施例42-实施例40或41的外科设备，其中柄部模块还包括用于在柄部模块处理器电路确定性能参数在可接受的性能带之外时采取补救动作的装置。
实施例43-实施例40,41或42的外科设备，其中性能参数包括电动马达的性能参数。
实施例44-实施例43的外科设备，其中电动马达的性能参数包括在柄部模块的整个寿命中由电动马达消耗的能量。
实施例45-实施例43或44的外科设备，其中电动马达的性能参数包括对于柄部模块的每次击发由电动马达消耗的功率。
实施例46-实施例43,44或45的外科设备，其中电动马达的性能参数包括在柄部模块的整个寿命中由电动马达消耗的能量以及对于柄部模块的每次击发由电动马达消耗的功率。
实施例47-实施例46的外科设备，其中柄部模块处理器电路被编程以确定当满足以下条件中的至少一个时应当采取补救动作：在柄部模块的整个寿命中由电动马达消耗的能量超过第一能量阈值，以及在柄部模块的整个寿命中由电动马达消耗的能量超过第二能量阈值，该第二能量阈值低于第一能量阈值，并且柄部模块已具有高于阈值功率水平的装置击发的阈值数量。
实施例48-实施例43,44,45,46或47的外科设备，其中性能参数包括电动马达的输出扭矩。
实施例49-实施例40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47或48的外科设备，其中性能参数包括旋转驱动系统的性能参数。
实施例50-实施例49的外科设备，其中旋转驱动系统的性能参数包括齿轮侧隙。
实施例51-实施例42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49或50的外科设备，其中用于采取补救动作的装置包括用于显示柄部模块的状态的显示器。
实施例52-实施例42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50或51的外科设备，其中用于采取补救动作的装置包括用于停用柄部模块的装置。
实施例53-实施例52的外科设备，其中用于停用柄部模块的装置包括用于防止在外科手术期间将充电的可移除电池组插入到柄部模块中以为柄部模块供电的装置。
实施例54-实施例53的外科设备，其中用于防止插入充电的可移除电池组的装置包括弹簧加载的机械锁定件。
实施例55-实施例53或54的外科设备，其中用于防止插入充电的可移除电池组的装置包括闩锁，该闩锁在被致动时防止将放电的可移除电池组从柄部模块移除。
实施例56-外科设备，该外科设备包括可拆卸轴模块和连接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中柄部模块包括用于驱动可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统，联接到旋转驱动系统以用于为旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达，用于监测电动马达和旋转驱动系统中的至少一个的性能参数的装置，以及用于在确定性能参数在可接受的性能带之外时采取补救动作的装置。
实施例57-实施例56的外科设备，其中性能参数包括在柄部模块的整个寿命中由电动马达消耗的能量。
实施例58-实施例56或57的外科设备，其中性能参数包括对于柄部模块的每次击发由电动马达消耗的功率。
实施例59-实施例56,57或58的外科设备，其中性能参数包括电动马达的输出扭矩。
实施例60-实施例56,57,58或59的外科设备，其中用于采取补救动作的装置包括用于停用柄部模块的装置。
实施例61-实施例60的外科设备，其中用于停用柄部模块的装置包括用于停用电动马达的装置。
实施例62-实施例60或61的外科设备，其中用于停用柄部模块的装置包括用于防止在外科手术期间将充电的可移除电池组插入到柄部模块中以为柄部模块供电的装置。
实施例63-组合，该组合包括能够附接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块以用于共同执行外科手术，能够连接到柄部模块的可移除的可充电电池组以用于在外科手术期间向柄部模块提供电力，其中电池组包括用于存储电池组的充电数据和放电数据的存储器，以及用于在电池组从柄部模块移除并且插入到充电操作台中时对电池组进行充电和放电中的至少一者的充电操作台，其中充电操作台基于存储在电池组的存储器中的充电数据和放电数据而用于对电池组进行充电和放电中的至少一者。
实施例64-实施例63的组合，其中电池组包括多个电池单元，充电操作台包括充电操作台处理器电路，该充电操作台处理器电路基于存储在电池组存储器中的充电数据和放电数据并且基于重新平衡标准来确定电池单元何时应被重新平衡，并且当充电操作台处理器电路确定电池单元应被重新平衡时，充电操作台对电池组的电池单元进行重新平衡。
实施例65-实施例64的组合，其中充电操作台处理器电路被编程以确定在电池组没有重新平衡的情况下N次充电之后电池单元应被重新平衡，其中N是大于零的整数。
实施例66-实施例64或65的组合，其中在对电池单元进行重新平衡之前，充电操作台被构造成能够注满电池单元的电荷。
实施例67-实施例63,64,65或66的组合，其中充电操作台包括充电操作台处理器电路，该充电操作台处理器电路基于存储在电池组存储器中的充电和放电数据并且基于放电标准来确定电池组是否应被放电，并且其中当充电操作台处理器电路确定电池组应被放电时，充电操作台对电池组进行放电。
实施例68-实施例67的组合，其中放电标准包括安装在充电操作台中的第二电池组是否完全充电并准备用于柄部模块。
实施例69-实施例63,64,65,66,67或68的组合，其中充电操作台被编程以基于充电操作台的组织用户的外科手术进度数据来在一天的时间对电池组进行充电，并且其中外科手术进度数据被存储在充电操作台的存储器中。
实施例70-实施例69的组合，其中外科手术进度数据包括组织用户在一天的时间用柄部模块执行外科手术的统计学可能性。
实施例71-实施例63,64,65,66,67,68,69或70的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于在电池组未准备好用于外科手术的柄部模块中时将电池组自动固定到充电操作台的装置。
实施例72-实施例71的组合，其中用于将电池组自动固定到充电操作台的装置包括螺钉，该螺钉当通过将电池组插入到充电操作台中而致动时，拧入电池组中。
实施例73-实施例71或72的组合，其中用于将电池组自动固定到充电操作台的装置还包括用于致动螺钉的线性致动器。
实施例74-实施例63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72或73的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于显示关于电池组的充电状态信息的显示器。
实施例75-实施例63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73或74的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于在充电操作台接收到电池组的快速充电用户输入时对第一电池组进行快速充电的装置。
实施例76-实施例75的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于在电池组未准备好用于外科手术的柄部模块中时将电池组自动固定到充电操作台的装置。
实施例77-外科手术过程，包括由临床医生用外科器械对患者执行外科手术，该外科器械包括连接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块，其中柄部模块在外科手术期间由可移除的可充电电池组供电，并且其中电池组包括用于存储电池组的充电数据和放电数据的存储器；在电池组已在外科手术期间使用之后将其从柄部模块移除；在移除步骤之后，将电池组放置在充电操作台中以对电池组进行再充电；在放置步骤之后，由充电操作台下载来自电池组的存储器的充电和放电数据；以及在下载步骤之后，基于存储在电池组的存储器中的充电数据和放电数据由充电操作台对电池组进行充电和放电中的至少一者。
实施例78-实施例77的外科手术过程，其中电池组包括多个电池单元，并且其中处理还包括：在下载步骤之后，基于存储在电池组存储器中的充电数据和放电数据并且基于重新平衡标准由充电操作台确定电池单元是否应被重新平衡，并且在确定应执行电池组的电池单元的重新平衡时，由充电操作台对电池单元进行重新平衡。
实施例79-实施例77或78的外科手术过程，在下载步骤之后，响应于快速充电用户输入的接收，来对电池组进行快速充电。
实施例80-实施例77,78或79的外科手术过程，在放置步骤之后，当电池组未准备好用于外科手术的柄部模块中时将电池组自动固定到充电操作台。
实施例81-组合，该组合包括能够附接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块以用于共同执行外科手术，能够连接到柄部模块的可移除的可充电电池组以用于在外科手术期间向柄部模块提供电力，以及用于在电池组从柄部模块移除并且插入到充电操作台中时对电池组进行充电的充电操作台，其中充电操作台包括当充电操作台接收到用于电池组的快速充电用户输入时对电池组进行快速充电的电路。
实施例82-实施例81的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于显示电池组的充电状态的显示器。
实施例83-实施例81或82的组合，其中充电操作台包括用户界面，用户通过该用户界面将快速充电用户输入输入到充电操作台。
实施例84-实施例83的组合，其中用户界面包括充电操作台上的按钮，该按钮能够致动以向充电操作台提供快速充电用户输入。
实施例85-实施例81,82,83或84的组合，其中用于对电池组进行快速充电的电路包括用于改变电池组的充电型式的电路。
实施例86-实施例81,82,83,84或85的组合，其中用于改变电池组的充电型式的电路包括连接到电池组的调压器，以及连接到调压器的充电控制器电路。
实施例87-实施例81,82,83,84,85或86的组合，其中用于对电池组进行快速充电的电路包括充电操作台的电荷存储装置，并且其中存储在电荷存储装置上的电荷用于对电池组进行充电。
实施例88-实施例87的组合，其中电荷存储装置包括超级电容器。
实施例89-实施例88的组合，其中充电操作台还包括用于将第一电池组放电到超级电容器的电路。
实施例90-实施例87,88或89的组合，其中电荷存储装置包括充电操作台内部的一个或多个电池单元。
实施例91-实施例87,88或89的组合，其中电荷存储装置包括充电操作台内部的多个电池单元，并且其中用于对电池组进行快速充电的电路包括用于对具有多个电池单元的电池组进行充电的电路。
实施例92-实施例91的组合，其中多个电池单元串联连接。
实施例93-实施例91或92的组合，其中多个电池单元连接为并联电流源。
实施例94-实施例81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92或93的组合，其中充电操作台还包括用于将第一电池组放电到内部多个电池单元的电路。
实施例95-实施例81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93或94的组合，其中电池组包括第一电池组，其中充电操作台包括用于接收第一电池组的第一充电插座以对第一电池组进行充电，以及用于接收第二电池组的第二充电插座以对第二电池组进行充电，并且其中用于对第一电池组进行快速充电的电路包括用于用存储在第二电池组上的电荷对第一电池组进行充电的电路。
实施例96-实施例95的组合，其中充电操作台还包括用于将第一电池组放电到第二电池组的电路。
实施例97-实施例95或96的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于显示第一电池组和第二电池组的充电状态的显示器。
实施例98-实施例81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96或97的组合，其中充电操作台包括用于在电池组未准备好用于外科手术的柄部模块中时将电池组自动固定到充电操作台的装置。
实施例99-外科器械系统，包括用于执行外科手术的柄部模块，能够连接到柄部模块以用于在外科手术期间向柄部模块提供电力的可移除的可充电电池组，以及用于对电池组进行充电的充电操作台，其中充电操作台包括用于在两个操作条件下对柄部模块进行充电的电路：第一操作条件，其中电池组从一次功率源充电，以及第二操作条件，其中电池组从一次功率源和二次功率源充电，以便在外科手术中迫切需要电池组的情况下对电池组进行快速充电。
实施例100-实施例99的外科器械系统，其中二次功率源包括能够连接到柄部模块的可移除的第二可充电电池组。
实施例101-设备，包括能够附接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中柄部模块包括用于存储柄部模块的柄部模块使用数据的柄部模块存储器电路，以及当柄部模块不在外科手术中使用时连接到柄部模块的检查操作台，其中检查操作台包括用于基于存储在柄部模块的存储器中的柄部模块使用数据并且基于维修建议标准来确定柄部模块的一个或多个维修建议的检查操作台处理器电路。
实施例102-实施例101的设备，其中检查操作台还包括与检查操作台处理器电路连通的显示器，并且其中显示器用于显示关于一个或多个维修建议的信息。
实施例103-实施例101或102的设备，其中维修建议标准被存储在检查操作台的检查操作台存储器中，并且其中检查操作台处理器电路与检查操作台存储器连通。
实施例104-实施例101,102或103的设备，其中柄部模块包括与柄部模块存储器电路连通的柄部模块处理器电路，并且其中当柄部模块连接到检查操作台时，柄部模块处理器电路与检查操作台处理器电路连通，使得来自柄部模块存储器的使用数据被下载到检查操作台。
实施例105-实施例101,102,103或104的设备，其中柄部模块使用数据包括选自以下各项的数据：关于涉及柄部模块的外科手术的数量的数据，关于由柄部模块进行的装置击发的数量的数据，关于在柄部模块的装置击发期间消耗的功率的数据，关于在柄部模块的装置击发期间经受的力的数据，关于在柄部模块的整个寿命中由柄部模块的电动马达消耗的能量的数据，以及关于柄部模块的旋转驱动系统的齿轮侧隙的数据。
实施例106-实施例101,102,103,104或105的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括重建柄部模块的建议。
实施例107-实施例101,102,103,104,105或106的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括润滑柄部模块的一个或多个部件的建议。
实施例108-实施例101,102,103,104,105,106或107的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括检查柄部模块的一个或多个部件的建议。
实施例109-设备，包括能够附接到可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中柄部模块包括用于存储柄部模块的柄部模块使用数据的柄部模块存储器电路，以及用于基于存储在柄部模块的存储器中的柄部模块使用数据并且基于维修建议标准来确定柄部模块的一个或多个维修建议的柄部模块处理器电路。
实施例110-实施例109的设备，其中柄部模块还包括与柄部模块处理器电路连通的显示器，并且其中显示器用于显示关于一个或多个维修建议的信息。
实施例111-实施例109或110的设备，其中柄部模块使用数据包括选自以下各项的数据：关于涉及柄部模块的外科手术的数量的数据，关于由柄部模块进行的装置击发的数量的数据，关于在柄部模块的装置击发期间消耗的功率的数据，关于在柄部模块的装置击发期间经受的力的数据，关于在柄部模块的整个寿命中由柄部模块的电动马达消耗的能量的数据，以及关于柄部模块的旋转驱动系统的齿轮侧隙的数据。
实施例112-实施例109,110，或111的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括重建柄部模块的建议。
实施例113-实施例109,110,111或112的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括重建柄部模块的建议。
实施例114-实施例109,110,111,112或113的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括润滑柄部模块的一个或多个部件的建议。
实施例115-实施例109,110,111,112,113或114的设备，其中一个或多个维修建议包括检查柄部模块的一个或多个部件的建议。
实施例116-外科器械系统，其包括柄部，该柄部包括电池腔体和直流电动马达，可移除地定位在电池腔体中的电池，其中电池被构造成能够向直流电动马达提供直流电力；以及电源适配器，该电源适配器包括可移除地定位在电池腔体中的插头，代替电池和从插头延伸的绳索，其中绳索被构造成能够将功率从功率源传送到插头。外科器械系统还包括交流到直流电源转换器，其被构造成能够将从功率源供应的交流电力转换为直流电力。
实施例117-实施例116的外科器械系统，其中交流到直流电源转换器定位在插头中。
实施例118-实施例116或117的外科器械系统，其中电池包括电池外壳，其中插头包括插头外壳，并且其中电池外壳类似于插头外壳。
实施例119-实施例116,117或118的外科器械系统，其中柄部在电池腔体中包括一组柄部电接触件，其中电池包括被构造成能够在电池被定位在电池腔体中时接合柄部电接触件的一组电池电接触件，并且其中插头包括被构造成能够在插头被定位在电池腔体中时接合柄部电接触件的一组插头电接触件。
实施例120-实施例116,117,118或119的外科器械系统，其中柄部在电池腔体中包括第一组柄部电接触件和第二组柄部电接触件，其中电池包括被构造成能够在电池被定位在电池腔体中时接合第一组柄部电接触件的一组电池电接触件，并且其中插头包括被构造成能够在插头被定位在电池腔体中时接合第二组柄部电接触件的一组插头电接触件。
实施例121-实施例116,117,118,119或120的外科器械系统，其中交流到直流电源转换器被定位在柄部中，并且与第二组柄部电接触件电连通。
实施例122-实施例116,117,118,119,120或121的外科器械系统，还包括多个轴组件，其中每个轴组件能够与柄部选择性地接合。
实施例123-实施例122的外科器械系统，其中至少一个轴组件包括钉仓。
实施例124-外科器械系统，包括柄部，该柄部包括电池腔体和直流电动马达；电源适配器，该电源适配器包括定位在电池腔体中的电池，其中电池包括至少一个电池单元、电连接器以及可与电连接器接合的绳索，其中绳索被构造成能够从功率源传送功率。该外科器械系统还包括交流到直流电源转换器，其被构造成能够将从功率源供应的交流电力转换为直流电力，并且将直流电力供应到直流电动马达。
实施例125-实施例124的外科器械系统，还包括电池电路，其中至少一个电池单元、交流到直流电源转换器和电连接器串联布置在电池电路中，使得当绳索与电连接器接合时，至少一个电池单元和功率源可向直流电动马达供应功率。
实施例126-实施例124的外科器械系统，还包括第一电池电路段，其中第一电池电路段包括至少一个电池单元；第二电池电路段，其中第二电池电路段包括交流到直流电源转换器；以及定位在电池中的开关，其中开关能够在第一开关状态和第二开关状态之间切换，在该第一开关状态中，至少一个电池单元可向直流电动马达供应电力，并且电源不能向直流电动马达供应电力；在该第二开关状态中，至少一个电池单元不能向直流电动马达供应电力，并且电源可向直流电动马达供应电力。
实施例127-实施例126的外科器械系统，其中开关被偏压到第一开关状态。
实施例128-实施例126或127的外科器械系统，其中绳索到电池电连接器中的插入将开关从第一开关状态切换到第二开关状态。
实施例129-实施例128的外科器械系统，还包括被构造成能够使开关返回到第一开关状态的偏压构件。
实施例130-实施例126,127或128的外科器械系统，其中开关在被置于第二开关状态之后不能返回到第一开关状态。
实施例131-实施例124,125,126,127,128,129或130的外科器械系统，还包括多个轴组件，其中每个轴组件能够与柄部选择性地接合。
实施例132-实施例131的外科器械系统，其中至少一个轴组件包括钉仓。
实施例133-外科器械系统，其包括柄部，该柄部包括柄部外壳，定位在柄部外壳中的柄部电池单元，柄部电子电路，其中柄部电池单元被构造成能够向柄部电子电路供应功率；以及与柄部电子电路连通的柄部电连接器。外科器械系统还包括可与柄部选择性地接合的补充电池，其中补充电池包括能够与柄部外壳接合的电池外壳，电池电子电路，定位在电池外壳中的补充电池单元，其中补充电池单元被构造成能够向电池电子电路供应功率；以及与电池电子电路连通的电池电连接器，其中当补充电池与柄部接合以将电池电子电路放置成与柄部电子电路连通时，电池电连接器可与柄部电连接器接合。
实施例134-实施例133的外科器械系统，其中柄部外壳包括抓握部分，并且其中电池外壳包括被构造成能够接收抓握部分的插座。
实施例135-实施例133或134的外科器械系统，其中柄部还包括能够在第一位置和第二位置之间移动的连接器盖，在该第一位置，连接器盖阻止与柄部电连接器的意外接触，在该第二位置，连接器盖允许电池电连接器接合柄部电连接器。
实施例136-实施例135的外科器械系统，其中电池外壳被构造成能够在补充电池与柄部接合时在第一位置和第二位置之间移动连接器盖。
实施例137-实施例133,134,135或136的外科器械系统，还包括多个轴组件，其中每个轴组件能够与柄部选择性地接合。
实施例138-实施例137的外科器械系统，其中至少一个轴组件包括钉仓。
实施例139-外科器械，包括外壳，马达，可附接到外科器械的外壳的电池组件，该电池组件包括被构造成能够向马达提供电能的电池单元，并且电池外壳包括被构造成能够支撑电池单元的支撑外壳，以及被构造成能够吸收由撞击力提供的震动的冲击吸收元件，其中冲击吸收元件被构造成能够在将撞击力施加到冲击吸收元件时褶皱。
实施例140-实施例139的外科器械，其中冲击吸收元件是可替换的。
实施例141-实施例139或140的外科器械，其中冲击吸收元件包括被构造成能够允许冲击吸收元件以卡扣配合方式附接到电池组件的附接装置。
实施例142-实施例141的外科器械，其中附接装置包括粘合剂。
实施例143-实施例141或142的外科器械，其中电池外壳还包括开孔，并且其中附接装置包括被构造成能够以楔入配合方式被电池外壳中的开孔接收的突起。
实施例144-根据实施例139,140,141,142或143所述的外科器械，其中冲击吸收元件包括格栅结构。
实施例145-实施例139,140,141,142,143或144的外科器械，其中当冲击吸收元件褶皱时，冲击吸收元件沿向内方向变形，这在冲击吸收元件已被冲击之后仍然允许电池组件附接到外科器械的外壳。
实施例146-根据实施例139,140,141,142,143,144或145所述的外科器械，其中当撞击力大于阈值力时，冲击吸收元件褶皱。
实施例147-实施例139,140,141,142,143,144,145或146的外科器械，其中电池组件还包括多个角部，其中电池外壳还包括多个冲击吸收元件，并且其中多个冲击吸收元件被定位在每个角部处。
实施例148-实施例147的外科器械，其中电池外壳包括被构造成能够将电能从电池单元传送到马达的电接触件以及与电接触件相关联的底面，其中每个冲击吸收元件包括延伸超过电池外壳的底面以保护电接触件的端部部分。
实施例149-实施例148或149的外科器械，其中每个冲击吸收元件包括底端和顶端，并且其中电池组件还包括定位在冲击吸收元件的顶端处的冲击吸收盖。
实施例150-用于与外科器械一起使用的电池组件，该电池组件包括电池单元；电接触件，该电接触件被构造成能够在电池组件附接到外科器械时将由电池单元提供的电能传送到外科器械；第一外壳，该第一外壳被构造成能够支撑电池单元；第二外壳，该第二外壳被构造成能够容纳第一外壳；以及定位在第一外壳和第二外壳之间的冲击吸收层，其中冲击吸收层包括格栅结构。
实施例151-实施例150的电池组件，其中冲击吸收层包括泡沫状材料。
实施例152-实施例150或151的电池组件，其中格栅结构包括多个单元，多个单元包括具有内平面壁的内单元，其中内平面壁至少基本上平行于第一外壳取向；具有外平面壁的外单元，其中外平面壁基本上平行于第二外壳取向。
实施例153-实施例150,151或152的电池组件，其中电池组件还包括冲击吸收盖，冲击吸收盖包括外格栅和内格栅，其中外格栅比内格栅更致密。
实施例154-实施例150,151,152或153的电池组件，其中冲击吸收层包括多个阻尼元件。
实施例155-用于与外科器械一起使用的电池组件，该电池组件包括被构造成能够向外科器械提供功率的电池单元；以及外壳，该外壳包括热反射壳体、散热层以及定位在散热层和热反射壳体之间的可压缩层，其中可压缩层被构造成能够响应于电池单元的膨胀而弯曲。
实施例156-实施例155的电池组件，其中可压缩层被进一步构造成能够耗散由热反射壳体吸收撞击能量。
实施例157-实施例155或156的电池组件，其中可压缩层包括格栅结构。
实施例158-实施例157的电池组件，其中格栅结构是由热反射壳体和散热层限定的闭合格栅结构。
实施例159-实施例155,156,157或158的电池组件，其中热反射壳体具有第一热膨胀系数，其中散热层具有第二热膨胀系数，并且其中第一热膨胀系数小于第二热膨胀系数。
以下文献的全部公开内容据此各自以引用方式全文并入本文：
·公布于1995年4月4日的名称为“ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE”的美国专利5,403,312；
·公布于2006年2月21日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVINGSEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS”的美国专利7,000,818；
·公布于2008年9月9日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING ANDFASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK”的美国专利7,422,139；
·公布于2008年12月16日的名称为“ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTWITH CLOSURE SYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS”的美国专利7,464,849；
·公布于2010年3月2日的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING ANARTICULATING END EFFECTOR”的美国专利7,670,334；
·公布于2010年7月13日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利7,753,245；
·公布于2013年3月12日的名称为“SELECTIVELY ORIENTABLE IMPLANTABLEFASTENER CARTRIDGE”的美国专利8,393,514；·名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVINGRECORDING CAPABILITIES”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,803，现为美国专利7,845,537；
·提交于2008年2月14日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENINGINSTRUMENT HAVING RF ELECTRODES”的美国专利申请序列号12/031,573；
·提交于2008年2月15日的名称为“END EFFECTORS FOR A SURGICAL CUTTINGAND STAPLING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/031,873，现为美国专利7,980,443；
·名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/235,782，现为美国专利8,210,411；
·名称为“POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITHMANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号12/249,117，现为美国专利8,608,045；
·提交于2009年12月24日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTINGINSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRIC ACTUATOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ASSEMBLY”的美国专利申请序列号12/647,100，现为美国专利8,220,688；
·提交于2012年9月29日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号12/893,461，现为美国专利8,733,613；
·2011年2月28日提交的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/036,647，现为美国专利8,561,870；
·名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLEDEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241，现为美国专利申请公布2012/0298719；
·提交于2012年6月15日的名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTCOMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE”的美国专利申请序列号13/524,049，现为美国专利申请公布2013/0334278；
·提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESSSENSOR SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,025；
·提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESSSENSOR SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,067；
·提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENINGINSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM”的美国专利申请公布2007/0175955；以及
·提交于2010年4月22日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH ANARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR”的美国专利申请公布2010/0264194，现为美国专利8,308,040。
虽然本文已结合某些公开的实施方案描述了装置的各种实施方案，但也可实施对这些实施方案的许多修改和变型。另外，在公开了用于某些部件的材料的情况下，可使用其他材料。此外，根据多种实施方案，单个部件可被替换为多个部件，并且多个部件也可被替换为单个部件，以执行给定的一种或多种功能。上述具体实施方式和下述权利要求旨在涵盖所有这样的修改和变型。
可将本发明所公开的装置设计成单次使用后即进行处理，或者可将它们设计成是多次使用的。然而，在任一种情形下，所述装置均可进行修复，以在至少一次使用后再次使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合：拆卸装置，然后清洁或替换特定零件，以及随后重新组装。具体地讲，可拆卸装置，并且可选择性地以任何组合形式替换或移除装置的任意数量的特定零件或部件。在清洁和/或替换特定部件后，可对装置进行重新组装，以便随后在修复设施处使用或就在外科手术之前由手术团队使用。本领域的技术人员将理解，修复装置可利用各种技术来进行拆卸、清洁/替换和重新组装。此类技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本申请的范围内。
优选地，本文所述的发明将在外科手术之前处理。首先，获取新的或用过的器械，并且如果必要，进行清洗。然后可对器械进行灭菌。在一种消毒技术中，将器械放置在闭合且密封的容器诸如塑料或TYVEK袋中。然后将容器和器械放置在可穿透该容器的辐射场诸如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子中。辐射杀死器械中和容器中的细菌。然后可将经灭菌的器械储存在无菌容器中。密封容器使器械保持无菌，直到其在医疗设施中被打开。
虽然本发明已被描述为具有示例性设计，但本发明可在本公开的实质和范围内进一步进行修改。因此，本申请旨在涵盖采用本发明一般原理的任何变型、用途或改型。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其他公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本公开所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。因此，并且在必要的程度下，本文明确阐述的公开内容代替以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。任何据称以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分，仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。

Claims (23)

1.一种外科设备，包括：
柄部模块，所述柄部模块能够附接到可拆卸轴模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中所述柄部模块包括：
用于驱动所述可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统；
联接到所述旋转驱动系统以用于为所述旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达；
用于感测关于所述电动马达的数据的一个或多个传感器；以及
与所述一个或多个传感器通信的柄部模块处理器电路，其中所述柄部模块处理器电路被编程以基于来自所述一个或多个传感器的输入来监测所述柄部模块的性能参数，并且其中所述柄部模块处理器电路通过监测所述性能参数是否在可接受的性能带之外来监测所述柄部模块的所述性能参数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科设备，其中所述处理器电路通过监测所述性能参数是低于还是高于所述可接受的性能带来监测所述柄部模块的所述性能参数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科设备，其中所述柄部模块还包括用于在所述柄部模块处理器电路确定所述性能参数在所述可接受的性能带之外时采取补救动作的装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科设备，其中所述性能参数包括所述电动马达的性能参数。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科设备，其中所述电动马达的所述性能参数包括在所述柄部模块的整个寿命中由所述电动马达消耗的能量。
6.根据权利要求4所述的外科设备，其中所述电动马达的所述性能参数包括对于所述柄部模块的每次击发由所述电动马达消耗的功率。
7.根据权利要求4所述的外科设备，其中所述电动马达的所述性能参数包括在所述柄部模块的整个所述寿命中由所述电动马达消耗的能量以及对于所述柄部模块的每次击发由所述电动马达消耗的功率。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科设备，其中所述柄部模块处理器电路被编程以确定当满足以下条件中的至少一个时应当采取所述补救动作：
在所述柄部模块的整个所述寿命中由所述电动马达消耗的所述能量超过第一能量阈值；以及
在所述柄部模块的整个所述寿命中由所述电动马达消耗的所述能量超过第二能量阈值，所述第二能量阈值低于所述第一能量阈值，并且所述柄部模块已具有高于阈值功率水平的装置击发的阈值数量。
9.根据权利要求4所述的外科设备，其中所述性能参数包括所述电动马达的输出扭矩。
10.根据权利要求4所述的外科设备，其中所述性能参数包括所述旋转驱动系统的性能参数。
11.根据权利要求10所述的外科设备，其中所述旋转驱动系统的所述性能参数包括齿轮侧隙。
12.根据权利要求3所述的外科设备，其中用于采取补救动作的所述装置包括用于显示所述柄部模块的状态的显示器。
13.根据权利要求3所述的外科设备，其中用于采取补救动作的所述装置包括用于停用所述柄部模块的装置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科设备，其中用于停用所述柄部模块的所述装置包括用于防止在外科手术期间将充电的可移除电池组插入所述柄部模块中以为所述柄部模块供电的装置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的外科设备，其中用于防止插入充电的可移除电池组的所述装置包括弹簧加载的机械锁定件。
16.根据权利要求14所述的外科设备，其中用于防止插入充电的可移除电池组的所述装置包括闩锁，所述闩锁在被致动时防止将放电的可移除电池组从所述柄部模块移除。
17.一种外科设备，包括：
可拆卸轴模块；和
连接到所述可拆卸轴模块的柄部模块以用于共同执行外科手术，其中所述柄部模块包括：
用于驱动所述可拆卸轴模块的旋转驱动系统；
联接到所述旋转驱动系统以用于为所述旋转驱动系统提供动力的电动马达；
用于监测所述电动马达和所述旋转驱动系统中的至少一个的性能参数的装置；以及
用于在确定所述性能参数在可接受的性能带之外时采取补救动作的装置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的外科设备，其中所述性能参数包括在所述柄部模块的整个寿命中由所述电动马达消耗的能量。
19.根据权利要求17所述的外科设备，其中所述性能参数包括对于所述柄部模块的每次击发由所述电动马达消耗的功率。
20.根据权利要求17所述的外科设备，其中所述性能参数包括所述电动马达的输出扭矩。
21.根据权利要求17所述的外科设备，其中用于采取补救动作的所述装置包括用于停用所述柄部模块的装置。
22.根据权利要求21所述的外科设备，其中用于停用所述柄部模块的装置包括用于停用所述电动马达的装置。
23.根据权利要求21所述的外科设备，其中用于停用所述柄部模块的所述装置包括用于防止在外科手术期间将充电的可移除电池组插入所述柄部模块中以为所述柄部模块供电的装置。
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