CN107112218A - Iii‑n器件中的凹陷欧姆接触 - Google Patents

Iii‑n器件中的凹陷欧姆接触 Download PDF

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CN107112218A
CN107112218A CN201580068626.9A CN201580068626A CN107112218A CN 107112218 A CN107112218 A CN 107112218A CN 201580068626 A CN201580068626 A CN 201580068626A CN 107112218 A CN107112218 A CN 107112218A
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intermediate point
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吉川俊英
木内谦二
细田勉
金村雅仁
望月昭寿
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Chuan Shi Boat Electronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种器件,包括具有上侧和下侧的III‑N层,下侧与上侧相对,以及III‑N层的上侧上的至少一个导电接触,导电接触延伸进入III‑N层。导电接触包括远离III‑N层的下侧面对的顶侧,以及朝向III‑N层的下侧面对的底侧。底侧包括第一端以及与第一端相对的第二端,从第一端升高至比第一端更接近顶侧的中间点的第一侧,以及从中间点下降至第二端的第二侧,第二端比中间点更远离顶侧。

Description

III-N器件中的凹陷欧姆接触
技术领域
本说明书涉及半导体器件,特别是诸如晶体管和二极管的氮化物基器件,其包括一个或多个欧姆接触。
背景技术
功率电子应用中的采用的晶体管已经代表性地由硅(Si)半导体材料制造。用于功率应用的普通晶体管器件包括Si CoolMOS,Si功率MOSFET以及Si绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)。虽然Si功率器件廉价,但是它们有许多缺点,包括相对低的开关速度以及高电噪声水平。新近,已经考虑采用碳化硅(SiC)功率器件,因为他们具有优越的特性。III族氮化物或III-N半导体器件,例如氮化镓(GaN)器件是现今新兴的有吸引力的选择,因为它们能承载大电流,支持高电压,且提供非常低的导通电阻以及快速的开关时间。
形成为III-N材料结构的欧姆接触,其在多种器件中采用,通常通过在III-N材料上沉积一个或多个金属层且随后对该结构进行退火从而致使该金属以及下层III-N材料混合且形成合金而实现。虽然用于形成欧姆接触的这种合金化工艺已经显示出在低电阻率欧姆接触方面成功的结果,但是这种工艺的可靠性和良率典型地低于工业规模生产的需要。
发明内容
在第一方面中,一种器件,包括具有上侧和下侧的III-N层,下侧与上侧相对,以及III-N层的上侧上的至少一个导电接触,导电接触延伸进入III-N层。导电接触包括远离III-N层的下侧面对的顶侧,以及朝向III-N层的下侧面对的底侧。底侧包括第一端以及与第一端相对的第二端,从第一端升高至比第一端更接近顶侧的中间点的第一侧,以及从中间点下降至第二端的第二侧,第二端比中间点更远离顶侧。
在第二方面中,制造器件的方法包括形成具有上侧和下侧的III-N层,下侧与上侧相对。该方法还包括在III-N层的上侧上的表面中形成凹陷,凹陷的形成包括利用抗蚀剂图案蚀刻III-N层的表面,以及在III-N层的表面中的凹陷上形成导电接触。导电接触包括远离III-N层的下侧面对的顶侧,以及朝向III-N层的下侧面对的底侧。底侧包括第一端和与第一端相对的第二端,从第一端升高至比第一端更接近顶侧的中间点的第一侧,以及从中间点下降至第二端的第二侧,第二端比中间点更远离顶侧。
在第三方面中,用于制造器件的方法包括在其中具有导电沟道的III-N层的表面中形成凹陷,其中形成凹陷包括利用抗蚀剂图案蚀刻III-N层的表面,以及在III-N层的表面中的凹陷上形成导电接触,导电接触与导电沟道电接触,导电接触具有与凹陷的底表面接触的底侧以及与底侧相对的顶侧。表面的蚀刻致使凹陷的底表面具有第一端以及与第一端相对的第二端,从第一端单调升高至比第一端更接近导电接触的顶侧的中间点的第一侧,以及从中间点单调下降至第二端的第二侧,第二端比中间点更远离导电接触的顶侧。
在第四方面中,一种器件,包括具有上侧和下侧的III-N层,下侧与上侧相对,以及III-N层的上侧上的导电接触。导电接触包括远离III-N层的下侧面对的顶侧以及朝向III-N层的下侧面对的底侧,底侧包括第一端,与第一端相对的第二端以及第一端和第二端之间的中间点。该器件还包括III-N层中的2DEG沟道,其中2DEG沟道包括中间点下的第一部分以及第一和第二端下的第二部分,第二部分具有比第一部分高的电子浓度。
这里说明的器件和方法包括一个或多个以下特征。第一侧从第一端单调升高至中间点且第二侧从中间点单调下降至第二端。III-N层包括III-N沟道层以及III-N阻挡层,其中III-N沟道层以及III-N阻挡层之间的组成差异致使在相邻于III-N阻挡层的III-N沟道层中感应的2DEG沟道。第一侧从第一端弯曲至中间点且第二侧从第二端弯曲至中间点,在导电接触的底侧中形成基本上圆形的沟槽形。III-N层包括GaN层,GaN层上的III-N间隔层,以及III-N间隔层上的III-N阻挡层。此外,III-N间隔层具有比III-N阻挡层大的带隙。在该器件中,第一端和第二端中至少一个延伸通过III-N间隔层以接触GaN层。III-N间隔层包括AlN且III-N阻挡层包括AlGaN。
导电接触可以是源极接触,该器件还包括形成晶体管的漏极接触以及栅极接触。漏极接触包括远离III-N层的下侧面对的漏极顶侧,以及朝向III-N层的下侧面对的漏极底侧,其中底层包括漏极第一端以及相对于漏极第一端的漏极第二端,漏极第一侧从漏极第一端升高至比漏极第一端更接近顶侧的漏极中间点,且漏极第二侧从漏极中间点下降至比漏极中间点更远离顶侧的漏极第二端。晶体管可以是具有在相同侧的漏极,源极和栅极的横向晶体管。漏极第一侧从漏极第一端单调升高至漏极中间点且漏极第二侧从漏极中间点单调下降至漏极第二端。导电接触具有0.3Ohm-mm或更小的标准化接触电阻。在该器件中,第一端和/或第二端具有小于300纳米的宽度。III-N层可位于衬底上。
形成导电接触可包括形成导电接触以便第一侧从第一端单调升高至中间点且第二侧从中间点单调下降至第二端。形成该器件的方法包括将该器件加热至300℃和600℃之间的温度。加热该器件还包括加热该器件一至三分钟。蚀刻III-N层的表面包括利用氯基气体执行干法蚀刻。而且,蚀刻III-N层的表面包括在25W或更小的RF偏置下在Cl2等离子体中执行等离子体蚀刻。形成III-N层包括形成GaN层,GaN层上的AlN间隔层,以及AlN间隔层上的AlGaN层。此外,形成凹陷包括形成通过AlGaN层直至AlN间隔层的凹陷。形成凹陷包括形成通过AlGaN层且进入AlN间隔层的凹陷。形成凹陷包括形成通过AlGaN层以及AlN间隔层且进入GaN层的凹陷。
III-N层包括凹陷,导电接触位于凹陷中。2DEG沟道和导电接触的底侧的第一端之间的间隔小于2DEG沟道和中间点之间的间隔。导电接触可与2DEG沟道欧姆接触。
本说明书中说明的主题的一个或多个实施例的细节在以下附图和说明中阐述。说明书,附图和权利要求书将使主题的其他特征,方面和优点变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1A是示例III族氮化物(III-N)晶体管的平面图(顶视图)。
图1B是该晶体管的截面图。
图2是三个示例接触的截面图。
图3-5是其中源极和漏极接触110和112凹陷不同深度的示例器件的截面图。
图6是用于制造半导体器件的示例工艺的流程图。
图7A-7F是制造该器件期间示例半导体器件的截面图。
图8是包括凹陷的半导体材料结构的截面图。
图9A-9B是沿图8中的垂直虚线的能带图。
不同附图中相同的参考符号指示相同元件。
具体实施方式
图1A是示例III族氮化物(III-N)晶体管100的平面图(顶视图)。图1B是晶体管100的截面图。如图1A中所示,晶体管包括衬底102(其可选地可被省略)以及III-N层122。
衬底可以是硅,SiC,AlN,GaN,蓝宝石或用于III-N材料的生长的任意其他合适的生长衬底。III-N层122包括III-N沟道层104以及III-N间隔层106,以及III-N阻挡层108,其中选择层104,106和108的组分以在III-N沟道层104和III-N间隔层106之间的界面附近的III-N沟道层104中感应2DEG 116。在某些实现方式中,可省略间隔层106。在这种情况下,III-N阻挡层108直接形成在III-N沟道层104上,且选择层104和108的组分以在III-N沟道层104和III-N阻挡层108之间的界面附近的III-N沟道层104中感应2DEG 116。
栅极接触118被沉积在III-N层122上。在某些实现方式中,栅极接触118直接接触下层III-N层122(未示出)。在其他实现方式中,如图1B中所示,绝缘体层120被包括在栅极118和下层III-N层122之间。源极和漏极欧姆接触110和112被沉积在III-N层122上的栅极118的相对侧上。源极和漏极接触110和112形成器件沟道116的欧姆(或基本上欧姆)接触。晶体管100可以是在相同侧具有栅极118,漏极110和源极112的横向晶体管。相对于源极接触112,被施加至栅极118的电压调制器件的栅极区(即直接位于栅极下的区域)中的2DEG电荷密度。
如本文件中所采用的,术语III族氮化物或III-N材料,层,器件以及结构是指由根据化学计量方程式BwAlxInyGazN组成的化合物半导体材料的材料,器件或结构,其中w+x+y+z约为1,且w,x,y和z各大于或等于零且小于或等于1。在III族氮化物或III-N器件中,导电沟道可部分地或整体地包含在III-N材料层中。
形成了源极和漏极接触110和112的欧姆金属,典型地包括具有相对低金属功函数的至少一种金属,例如铝(Al)或钛(Ti)。在某些实现方式中,欧姆接触110和112包括钛,铝,镍或金或其组合。在某些实现方式中,III-N层122包括衬底102上的GaN层104,GaN层104上的AlN间隔层106,以及AlN间隔层106上的AlGaN层108。AlN间隔层106例如可用于提高迁移率且降低晶体管100的导通电阻。AlN间隔层106可由AlN形成,或可替换地由具有比AlGaN层108更大带隙的另一材料形成。例如,层106可由AlInGaN形成,其中选择Al,In和Ga的组分以便层106具有比层108更大的带隙。或者,层106可由AlGaN形成,其中层106中Al的部分组分大于层108中Al的部分组分。
晶体管100可包括栅极118和AlGaN层108之间的绝缘体层120。绝缘体层120也可作为钝化层,通过避免或抑制栅极118的任一侧上的最上III-N表面处的电压波动而避免或抑制分散。绝缘体层120可由SixNy,Al2O3,SiO2,AlxSiyN等制成,且可通过金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD),低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD),等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD),化学气相沉积(CVD),溅射,原子层沉积(ALD),高密度化学气相沉积或任意合适的沉积工艺制备。在特定示例中,绝缘体层120是通过MOCVD形成的氮化硅(SixNy)层。
源极和漏极接触110和112相对于晶体管100的宽度W展现出单位为Ohm-mm的可被测量的标准化接触电阻。以Ohm单位为测量的各个接触的总电阻随后等于标准化接触电阻(以Ohm-mm单位为测量)乘以晶体管的宽度W(以毫米单位为测量)。其例如可用于提高器件性能,以具有低标准化电阻的欧姆接触。在某些常规晶体管中,欧姆接触展现出0.8-2.0Ohm-mm范围内的标准化电阻。图1A-B的示例晶体管100例如可由于欧姆接触的形状和深度具有展现出0.2-0.3Ohm-mm范围内的标准化电阻的欧姆接触。
图2是例如可用于图1A-B的示例晶体管100的源极和/或漏极接触110和112的任一个或多个三个示例接触200a-c的截面图。各个示例接触200a-c都包括远离衬底102面对的顶侧208a-c以及在相对方向面对的底侧。
各个接触200a-c的底侧都包括第一端202a-c以及与第一端202a-c相对的第二端206a-c。各个接触200a-c都包括例如从第一端202a-c单调升高至比第一端202a-c更接近于顶侧208a-c的中间点204a-c的第一侧,以及例如从中间点204a-c单调下降至第二端206a-c的第二侧。第二端206a-c比中间点204a-c更远离顶侧208a。
接触200a-c的第一端202a和/或第二端206a具有其中端部是平坦或基本上平坦的宽度("w")。宽度例如可处于20和300纳米之间,例如50和200纳米之间。
第一示例接触200a具有从第一端202a弯曲至中间点204a的第一侧以及从中间点204a弯曲至第二端206a的第二侧,在接触200a的底侧中形成基本上圆形的沟槽形。第二示例接触200b具有以三个线段从第一端202b升高至中间点204b的第一侧以及以三个线段从中间点204b下降至第二端206b的第二侧。第三示例接触200c具有以三个线段从第一端202c升高至中间点204c的第一侧以及以三个线段从中间点204c下降至第二端206c的第二侧。
图3-5是其中源极和漏极接触110和112比图1的示例器件100凹陷不同深度的示例器件300,400和500的截面图。
图3示出示例器件300,其中源极和漏极接触110和112凹陷通过间隔层106直至III-N沟道层104的顶部(例如,使得接触的底侧的第一和/或第二端到达III-N沟道层104的顶部)。图4示出示例器件400,其中源极和漏极接触110和112凹陷通过III-N沟道层104的沟道116。图5示出示例器件500,其中源极和漏极接触110和112凹陷进入III-N阻挡层108但未到达间隔层106。
凹陷深度会影响接触110和112的电阻。在某些实现方式中,增加凹陷深度会降低电阻直至其中进一步增加凹陷深度不会降低电阻的点。除一定深度之外,电阻会随着凹陷深度增大而增大。
图6是用于制造半导体器件的示例工艺600的流程图。工艺600可例如用于制造图1A-B和3-5的器件100,300,400和500。
III-N层形成在衬底(602)上。衬底可以是硅晶圆。III-N层可包括衬底上的GaN层;GaN层上的AlN间隔层;以及AlN间隔层上的AlGaN层。可通过在衬底上直接生长III-N层或者可替换地通过在第一衬底上生长III-N层或部分III-N层,从第一衬底分离缓冲层且将缓冲层结合至衬底而形成III-N层。形成III-N层可包括利用任意适当的沉积工艺。
一个或多个凹陷形成在III-N层(604)的表面中。例如,可利用图案化的抗蚀剂蚀刻III-N层的表面。蚀刻表面可包括利用氯基气体执行干法蚀刻。在某些实现方式中,干法蚀刻技术,例如等离子体蚀刻,数字等离子体蚀刻或反应离子蚀刻(RIE)被用于形成凹陷。
可调节蚀刻参数以控制凹陷的形状和深度。例如,蚀刻期间采用的离子能量,蚀刻期间施加的压力以及所采用的抗蚀剂图案可改变以实现目标深度和形状。作为示例,以下工艺可实现具有图1B中的凹陷的轮廓的凹陷,其中分别沉积了源极和漏极接触110和112。在III-N层结构122和绝缘体层120形成之后,具有1.1和1.2微米之间厚度的单层光刻胶层被沉积在表面上且被图案化以暴露要形成凹陷的区域中的下层材料。光刻胶用作蚀刻掩模,避免其下的材料在后续蚀刻工艺期间被蚀刻。随后,利用Cl2作为蚀刻气体,在ECR等离子体蚀刻机中蚀刻凹陷。将50sccm的Cl2注入腔室中,RF偏置功率保持在20W,且腔室压力保持在2.5mTorr。该蚀刻之后,将器件从蚀刻腔室中移除且移除光刻胶掩模。
导电接触形成在一个或多个凹陷(606)上。由于凹陷的形状,导电接触具有包括从第一端升高,例如单调升高至中间点的第一侧以及从中间点下降,例如单调下降至与第一端相对的第二端的第二侧的底侧。
在一定温度下将器件加热一定时间量(608)。例如,器件可被加热至300℃和600℃之间的温度。器件可被加热一至三分钟。典型地,在不足以高至使接触与III-N层合金化的温度下执行加热应用。
图7A-7F是器件700的制造期间的示例半导体器件700的截面图。器件700例如可利用图6中示出的工艺600加以制造。
图7A示出III-N层104,106和108已经形成在衬底102上且绝缘体层120已经形成在III-N层108上之后的器件700。图7B示出图案化的光刻胶122(或者可替换地另一掩模层)已经被设置在器件700上以便器件700可被蚀刻之后的器件700。如所示,光刻胶层122包括一个或多个孔,因此一个或多个孔之下的某些III-N材料可在随后被蚀刻。图7C示出器件700已被蚀刻以在光刻胶层中的孔之下的一个或多个III-N层(例如层108)中保留凹陷之后的器件700。例如,凹陷可被蚀刻至间隔层106的顶部,如所示。如也在图7C中所看到的,在致使孔的外部之下的III-N材料以高于孔的内部之下的III-N材料的速率被蚀刻的条件下执行蚀刻,由此产生用于凹陷的所需轮廓。
图7D示出图案化的抗蚀剂122已经被从器件700移除之后的器件700。图7E示出源极和漏极接触110和112已经形成在凹陷上之后的器件700。图7F示出栅极118已经形成在源极和漏极接触110和112之间由此形成晶体管之后的器件700。
图8示出仿真中采用以计算器件100的源极和漏极电极之下的区域中的能带结构以及电子载流子浓度的III-N半导体结构。图9A是沿线82的半导体结构(即层106和104中)的能带图,且图9B是沿线84的半导体结构(即层108的剩余部分中以及层106和104中)的能带图。在图9A中,线92是导带能EC(以eV为单位测量,对应于左侧的轴),线93是价带能EV(以eV为单位测量,对应于左侧的轴),且线91是电子载流子浓度ne(以cm-3为单位测量,对应于右侧的轴)。在图9B中,线95是导带能EC(以eV为单位测量,对应于左侧的轴),线96是价带能EV(以eV为单位测量,对应于左侧的轴),且线94是电子载流子浓度ne(以cm-3为单位测量,对应于右侧的轴)。
图9A中的电子载流子浓度91的峰值对应于向下延伸并接触AlN间隔层的接触的端部(即图2中的端部202a-c和206a-c)之下的2DEG沟道116的位置,且图9A中的电子载流子浓度94的峰值对应于接触的中心部(即图2中的部分204a-c)之下的2DEG沟道116的位置。如图8中所看到的,没有AlGaN阻挡层材料直接位于接触的向下延伸的端部之下(沿着线82)的AlN间隔层之上,而在接触的中心部(沿着线84)中,约7nm的AlGaN阻挡层材料保留在AlN间隔层之上。仿真表示2DEG载流子浓度在接触的端部之下的区域中(即图8中标注“高2DEG浓度”的区域)基本上高于接触的中心部之下的区域(接触的端部之下的区域中的2DEG载流子浓度基本上高于2DEG的任意其他部分的浓度)。接触的向下延伸的端部之下的这种增大的2DEG载流子浓度被认为是为什么本文说明的凹陷欧姆接触具有比其他类型的欧姆接触更低的接触电阻的原因。
已经说明了多种实现方式。然而将可以理解的是在不脱离本文说明的技术和器件的精神和范围的情况下可进行各种变型。例如,本文说明的用于形成具有减少的金属喷溅的合金欧姆接触的工艺可用于需要合金或退火的欧姆接触的其他器件的制造中,例如二极管,激光器和LED。因此,其他实现方式也处于权利要求的范围内。

Claims (31)

1.一种器件,包括:
具有上侧和下侧的III-N层,所述下侧与上侧相对;以及
在所述III-N层的上侧的至少一个导电接触,所述导电接触延伸进入所述III-N层,所述导电接触包括:
远离所述III-N层的所述下侧面对的顶侧;以及
朝向所述III-N层的所述下侧面对的底侧,所述底侧包括:
第一端以及与所述第一端相对的第二端;
第一侧,所述第一侧从所述第一端升高至比所述第一端更接近所述顶侧的中间点;以及
从所述中间点下降至所述第二端的第二侧,所述第二端比所述中间点更远离所述顶侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述第一侧从所述第一端单调升高至所述中间点,并且所述第二侧从所述中间点单调下降至所述第二端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的器件,所述III-N层包括III-N沟道层以及III-N阻挡层,其中,所述III-N沟道层以及所述III-N阻挡层之间的组成差异致使在相邻于所述III-N阻挡层的III-N沟道层中感应2DEG沟道。
4.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述第一侧从所述第一端弯曲至所述中间点,并且所述第二侧从所述第二端弯曲至所述中间点,在所述导电接触的所述底侧中形成基本上圆形的沟槽形。
5.根据权利要求1所述的器件,所述III-N层包括:
GaN层;
在所述GaN层上的III-N间隔层;以及
在所述III-N间隔层上的III-N阻挡层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的器件,其中,所述III-N间隔层具有比所述III-N阻挡层大的带隙。
7.根据权利要求6所述的器件,其中:
所述第一端或所述第二端或两者延伸至所述III-N间隔层;以及
所述中间点位于所述III-N阻挡层中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的器件,其中,所述第一端和所述第二端中的至少一个延伸通过所述III-N间隔层以接触所述GaN层。
9.根据权利要求5所述的器件,其中,所述III-N间隔层包括AlN并且所述III-N阻挡层包括AlGaN。
10.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述导电接触是源极接触,所述器件还包括形成晶体管的漏极接触以及栅极接触。
11.根据权利要求10所述的器件,其中,所述漏极接触包括:
远离所述III-N层的所述下侧面对的漏极顶侧;以及
朝向所述III-N层的所述下侧面对的漏极底侧,所述底侧包括:
漏极第一端以及与所述漏极第一端相对的漏极第二端;
漏极第一侧,所述漏极第一侧从所述漏极第一端升高至比所述漏极第一端更接近所述顶侧的漏极中间点;以及
漏极第二侧,所述漏极第二侧从所述漏极中间点下降至比所述漏极中间点更远离所述顶侧的漏极第二端。
12.根据权利要求11所述的器件,其中,所述晶体管是具有在相同侧的漏极、源极和栅极的横向晶体管。
13.根据权利要求11所述的器件,其中,所述漏极第一侧从所述漏极第一端单调升高至所述漏极中间点,并且所述漏极第二侧从所述漏极中间点单调下降至所述漏极第二端。
14.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述导电接触具有0.3Ohm-mm或更小的标准化接触电阻。
15.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述第一端和/或所述第二端具有小于300纳米的宽度。
16.根据权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述III-N层在衬底上。
17.一种制造器件的方法,所述方法包括:
形成具有上侧和下侧的III-N层,所述下侧与所述上侧相对;
在所述III-N层的所述上侧的表面中形成凹陷,包括利用抗蚀剂图案蚀刻所述III-N层的所述表面;
在所述III-N层的所述表面中的所述凹陷上方形成导电接触,所述导电接触包括:
远离所述III-N层的下侧面对的顶侧,以及
朝向所述III-N层的下侧面对的底侧,所述底侧包括:
第一端和与所述第一端相对的第二端;
第一侧,所述第一侧从所述第一端升高至比所述第一端更接近所述顶侧的中间点;以及
从所述中间点下降至所述第二端的第二侧,所述第二端比所述中间点更远离所述顶侧。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,形成所述导电接触包括形成所述导电接触以便所述第一侧从所述第一端单调升高至所述中间点并且所述第二侧从所述中间点单调下降至所述第二端。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,包括将所述器件加热至300℃和600℃之间的温度。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中,加热所述器件包括加热所述器件一至三分钟。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,蚀刻所述III-N层的所述表面包括利用氯基气体执行干法蚀刻。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,蚀刻所述III-N层的所述表面包括在25W或更小的RF偏置下、在Cl2等离子体中,执行等离子体蚀刻。
23.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,形成所述III-N层包括形成:
GaN层;
在所述GaN层上的AlN间隔层;以及
在所述AlN间隔层上的AlGaN层。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中,形成所述凹陷包括形成通过AlGaN层直至所述AlN间隔层的所述凹陷。
25.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中,形成所述凹陷包括形成通过所述AlGaN层并且进入所述AlN间隔层的所述凹陷。
26.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中,形成所述凹陷包括形成通过所述AlGaN层和所述AlN间隔层并且进入所述GaN层的所述凹陷。
27.一种用于制造器件的方法,所述方法包括:
在其中具有导电沟道的III-N层的表面中形成凹陷,包括利用抗蚀剂图案蚀刻所述III-N层的所述表面;以及
在所述III-N层的所述表面中的所述凹陷上方形成导电接触,所述导电接触与所述导电沟道电接触,所述导电接触具有与所述凹陷的底表面接触的底侧以及与所述底侧相对的顶侧;其中,
所述表面的蚀刻致使所述凹陷的所述底表面具有:
第一端以及与所述第一端相对的第二端;
第一侧,所述第一侧从所述第一端单调升高至比所述第一端更接近所述导电接触的所述顶侧的中间点;以及
从所述中间点单调下降至所述第二端的第二侧,所述第二端比所述中间点更远离所述导电接触的所述顶侧。
28.一种器件,包括:
具有上侧和下侧的III-N层,所述下侧与所述上侧相对;
在所述III-N层的所述上侧的导电接触,所述导电接触包括远离所述III-N层的所述下侧面对的顶侧,以及朝向所述III-N层的所述下侧面对的底侧,所述底侧包括第一端、与所述第一端相对的第二端以及在所述第一端和所述第二端之间的中间点;以及
在所述III-N层中的2DEG沟道;其中,
所述2DEG沟道包括在所述中间点之下的第一部分以及在所述第一端和所述第二端之下的第二部分,所述第二部分具有比所述第一部分高的电子浓度。
29.根据权利要求28所述的器件,其中,所述III-N层包括所述凹陷,并且所述导电接触在所述凹陷中。
30.根据权利要求28所述的器件,其中,在所述2DEG沟道和所述导电接触的所述底侧的所述第一端之间的间隔小于在所述2DEG沟道和所述中间点之间的间隔。
31.根据权利要求28所述的器件,其中,所述导电接触与所述2DEG沟道欧姆接触。
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