CN102827198B - 有机氨基硅烷前体及其制备和使用方法 - Google Patents
有机氨基硅烷前体及其制备和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102827198B CN102827198B CN201210288836.7A CN201210288836A CN102827198B CN 102827198 B CN102827198 B CN 102827198B CN 201210288836 A CN201210288836 A CN 201210288836A CN 102827198 B CN102827198 B CN 102827198B
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- base silane
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 alkyl hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- FBIBVSMERHBWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-cyclohexylsilylmethanamine Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)[SiH2]NC FBIBVSMERHBWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KTRLOZVAGCGQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)N([SiH3])C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound CC(C)N([SiH3])C1CCCCC1 KTRLOZVAGCGQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IWIADNVBOVRJNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-cyclohexylsilylethanamine Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)[SiH2]NCC IWIADNVBOVRJNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AUPOPOPZAMRZJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(cyclohexyl)silyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound N[SiH](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 AUPOPOPZAMRZJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- KFCABCBZQMYHPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(cyclohexyl)silyl]benzene Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[SiH](N)C1CCCCC1 KFCABCBZQMYHPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 125
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 62
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 51
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 27
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 26
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 239000012686 silicon precursor Substances 0.000 description 20
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 16
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 13
- SKYWAOSWRWWISV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-propan-2-yl-N-(2-silylethyl)propan-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)(C)N(C(C)C)CC[SiH3] SKYWAOSWRWWISV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 8
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- SWNUAOAVNPPMOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)-N-silylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CN([SiH3])CC(C)C SWNUAOAVNPPMOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UOERHRIFSQUTET-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-propyl-N-silylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN([SiH3])CCC UOERHRIFSQUTET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- LXXSWZYRKAQQDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-silylethanamine Chemical compound CCN([SiH3])CC LXXSWZYRKAQQDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AHJCYBLQMDWLOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-silylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[SiH3] AHJCYBLQMDWLOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- KVKAPJGOOSOFDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)[Ta] Chemical compound CN(C)[Ta] KVKAPJGOOSOFDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AWFPGKLDLMAPMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminosilicon Chemical compound CN(C)[Si] AWFPGKLDLMAPMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- GLXPTEJSFSOVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-quinolin-1-ylsilane Chemical compound C1CCCC2N([SiH3])CCCC21 GLXPTEJSFSOVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHMBUJVKUFAYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)N(C)[Ta] Chemical compound C(C)N(C)[Ta] MHMBUJVKUFAYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTSOGXNIABDRQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)N(CC)[Ta] Chemical compound C(C)N(CC)[Ta] OTSOGXNIABDRQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MXCIGCPAZPFOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH3]N([SiH3])C1=CC=CC=N1 Chemical compound [SiH3]N([SiH3])C1=CC=CC=N1 MXCIGCPAZPFOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)C GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000278 alkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920013822 aminosilicone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WDCKRYQAVLUEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)silicon Chemical compound C[Si]=O WDCKRYQAVLUEDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GCYKGPCROZAFRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl)silane Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)N1[SiH3] GCYKGPCROZAFRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KWEKXPWNFQBJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethyl-$l^{3}-silanyl)oxy-dimethylsilicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)O[Si](C)C KWEKXPWNFQBJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 *N(*)*N(*)* Chemical compound *N(*)*N(*)* 0.000 description 1
- POTIYWUALSJREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydroquinoline Chemical compound N1CCCC2CCCCC21 POTIYWUALSJREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUQCLEAJFQCLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetrasilocane-2,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1[SiH2]C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C[SiH2]1 CUQCLEAJFQCLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LISDBLOKKWTHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trisilinane Chemical class C1[SiH2]C[SiH2]C[SiH2]1 LISDBLOKKWTHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIRUCIAJZHTMAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-N,1-N-dimethyl-2-N,2-N-disilylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N([SiH3])C(C)CN(C)C ZIRUCIAJZHTMAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXRQLOZDZBMZIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-N,N-disilylethanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N([SiH3])C(C)C1CCCCC1 LXRQLOZDZBMZIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSARQDQSHSUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropylsilane Chemical compound C(C(C)(C)C)[SiH3] ROSARQDQSHSUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLSMZJCWQRARGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethyl-N,N-disilylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(N([SiH3])[SiH3])C(C)=C1 ZLSMZJCWQRARGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMRMLQZWHQAHRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diethyl-N,N-disilylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N([SiH3])[SiH3] DMRMLQZWHQAHRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEYHWYPGMLAOHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-N,N-disilylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)N([SiH3])[SiH3] WEYHWYPGMLAOHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMUZKPOGDGRGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-N,N-disilylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(N([SiH3])[SiH3])=C1 SMUZKPOGDGRGCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNBADRVDWUHWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-N,N-disilylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1N([SiH3])[SiH3] KNBADRVDWUHWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KPDXDKWPNZEGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propan-2-yl-N,N-disilylaniline Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(N([SiH3])[SiH3])C=C1 KPDXDKWPNZEGSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSTJFRCEOUYXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-N,N-disilylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N([SiH3])[SiH3])=N1 KSTJFRCEOUYXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MTFSYWLHSFZGBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C Chemical compound C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C MTFSYWLHSFZGBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTDSFVLKAFPCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-disilyladamantan-1-amine Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(N([SiH3])[SiH3])C3 DTDSFVLKAFPCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNQPRYYMQPEIJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-cyclohexylsilylpropan-2-amine Chemical class C1(CCCCC1)[SiH2]NC(C)C YNQPRYYMQPEIJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylpiperidine Chemical compound CCN1CCCCC1 HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXZUKMLCHPMYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCC1=CC=CC(N([SiH3])[SiH3])=C1 Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(N([SiH3])[SiH3])=C1 HXZUKMLCHPMYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AOWPVIWVMWUSBD-RNFRBKRXSA-N [(3r)-3-hydroxybutyl] (3r)-3-hydroxybutanoate Chemical group C[C@@H](O)CCOC(=O)C[C@@H](C)O AOWPVIWVMWUSBD-RNFRBKRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNENVNGQOUBOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azidosilane Chemical class [SiH3]N=[N+]=[N-] LNENVNGQOUBOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IQJLBKXIQUCFDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(silylmethylsilyl)methanone Chemical compound [SiH3]C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C[SiH3] IQJLBKXIQUCFDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPJPTAQKIFHZQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(tert-butylimino)tungsten;dimethylazanide Chemical compound C[N-]C.C[N-]C.CC(C)(C)N=[W]=NC(C)(C)C PPJPTAQKIFHZQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZYLGGWPMIDHSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide;hafnium(4+) Chemical compound [Hf+4].C[N-]C.C[N-]C.C[N-]C.C[N-]C ZYLGGWPMIDHSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH2]C UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- GCSJLQSCSDMKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C=C GCSJLQSCSDMKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCWYOFZQRFCIIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH3] KCWYOFZQRFCIIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- OKHRRIGNGQFVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)silicon Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OKHRRIGNGQFVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFLMWACNYIOTNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(methylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound C[SiH2]O[SiH2]C OFLMWACNYIOTNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIALYCJNSIXQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilyl(trimethylsilylcarbonylsilylmethylsilyl)methanone Chemical compound C[SiH2]C(=O)[SiH2]C[SiH2]C(=O)[Si](C)(C)C OIALYCJNSIXQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UYYCVBASZNFFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1CCCCC1 UYYCVBASZNFFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- RJCRUVXAWQRZKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilicon;silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Si]=O RJCRUVXAWQRZKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001709 polysilazane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- LJXQPZWIHJMPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=CC=N1 LJXQPZWIHJMPQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKKWAPCYTOBOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrol-1-ylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]N1C=CC=C1 CKKWAPCYTOBOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYXMELZJMNAVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-ylsilane Chemical compound C1=CN=C2N([SiH3])C=CC2=C1 GYXMELZJMNAVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium Chemical compound CN(C)[Ti](N(C)C)(N(C)C)N(C)C MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094989 trimethylsilane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
-
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Abstract
本文描述了可用于沉积包含硅的含硅薄膜的有机氨基硅烷前体和制备这些前体的方法。本文还公开了制备含硅薄膜或者使用本文所述的有机氨基硅烷前体制备含硅薄膜的方法。本文还公开了可以例如,用于向反应器中传输有机氨基硅烷前体以沉积含硅薄膜的包含有机氨基硅烷前体或其组合物的容器。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.119要求下列申请的优先权:2011年5月24日申请的U.S.临时申请号61/489,486,其所披露的内容整体以引用的方式并入本文。
发明背景
本文描述了可以用于含硅薄膜的沉积的前体,特别是有机氨基硅烷前体,所述含硅薄膜包括但不限于,含硅薄膜诸如无定形硅、晶体硅、氮化硅、氧化硅、碳氮化硅和氧氮化硅的薄膜。在再另一方面,本文描述了用于含硅薄膜沉积的有机氨基硅烷前体在制造集成电路器件中的用途。在这些或其它的方面,有机氨基硅烷前体可以用于各种沉积工艺,包括但不限于原子层沉积(“ALD”)、化学气相沉积(“CVD”)、等离子体增强化学气相沉积(“PECVD”)、低压化学气相沉积(“LPCVD”)和常压化学气相沉积。
几类化合物可用作含硅薄膜(例如,但不限于,氧化硅或氮化硅薄膜)的前体。适合用作前体的这些化合物的实例包括硅烷类、氯代硅烷类、聚硅氮烷类、氨基硅烷类和叠氮基硅烷类。惰性载气或稀释剂(例如,但不限于,氦、氢、氮等)也用于输送前体到反应室中。
低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)工艺是半导体工业用于沉积含硅薄膜所用的较广泛接受的方法之一。使用氨的低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)可能需要高于750℃的沉积温度以获得合理的生长速率和均匀度。更高的沉积温度通常用于提供更好的薄膜性能。更常见的用于生长氮化硅或其它含硅薄膜的工业方法之一是在高于750℃温度下的热壁反应器中使用前体硅烷、二氯硅烷和/或氨的低压化学气相沉积。但是,使用这种方法存在几种缺陷。例如,某些前体(例如硅烷)是可自燃的。这可能产生操作和使用中的问题。而且,由硅烷和二氯硅烷沉积的薄膜可能包含某些杂质。例如,使用二氯硅烷沉积的薄膜可能包含某些杂质如氯和氯化铵,它们是在沉积过程中作为副产物形成的。使用硅烷沉积的薄膜可能包含氢。
日本公开案号6-132284揭示了一种通过化学气相沉积形成氮化硅薄膜的方法,其使用的起始气体是由通式(R1R2N)nSiH4-n(其中基团R1和R2是H-、CH3-、C2H5-、C3H7-和C4H9-中任一种,其中至少一个不是H-,并且n是1-4的整数)表示的有机硅烷化合物。权利要求3列举了“有机硅烷化合物是三(二甲基氨基)硅烷((CH3)2N)3SiH、双(二甲基氨基)硅烷((CH3)2N)2SiH2、二甲基氨基硅烷((CH3)2N)SiH3、三(二乙基氨基)硅烷((C2H5)2N)3SiH、双(二乙基氨基)硅烷((C2H5)2N)2SiH2、二乙基氨基硅烷((C2H5)2N)SiH3、三(二丙基氨基)硅烷((C3H7)2N)3SiH、双(二丙基氨基)硅烷((C3H7)2N)2SiH2、二丙基氨基硅烷((C3H7)2N)SiH3、三(二异丁基氨基)硅烷((C4H9)2N)3SiH、双(二异丁基氨基)硅烷((C4H9)2N)2SiH2和二异丁基氨基硅烷((C4H9)2N)SiH3。”
美国专利案号6391803揭示了形成含硅薄膜层例如Si3N4和SiO2薄膜的原子层沉积方法,其使用优选为Si[N(CH3)2]4、SiH[N(CH3)2]3、SiH2[N(CH3)2]2或者SiH3[N(CH3)2]的第一反应物和优选为活化的NH3的第二反应物。
日本公开案号6-132276描述了通过CVD形成氧化硅薄膜的方法,其使用氧和由通式(R1R2N)nSiH4-n(其中R1和R2是H-、CH3-、C2H5-、C3H7-和C4H9-,其中至少一个不是H-,并且n是1-4的整数)表示的有机硅烷化合物。权利要求3列举了“有机硅烷化合物是三(二甲基氨基)硅烷((CH3)2N)3SiH、双(二甲基氨基)硅烷((CH3)2N)2SiH2、二甲基氨基硅烷((CH3)2N)SiH3、三(二乙基氨基)硅烷((C2H5)2N)3SiH、双(二乙基氨基)硅烷((C2H5)2N)2SiH2、二乙基氨基硅烷((C2H5)2N)SiH3、三(二丙基氨基)硅烷((C3H7)2N)3SiH、双(二丙基氨基)硅烷((C3H7)2N)2SiH2、二丙基氨基硅烷((C3H7)2N)SiH3、三(二异丁基氨基)硅烷((C4H9)2N)3SiH、双(二异丁基氨基)硅烷((C4H9)2N)2SiH2和二异丁基氨基硅烷((C4H9)2N)SiH3。”。
申请人的专利,US专利案号7875556;7875312和7932413描述在化学气相沉积或者原子层沉积方法中用于介电薄膜沉积(诸如,例如氧化硅和碳氮化硅薄膜)的氨基硅烷类。
申请人的未决申请EP公开号2392691(其涉及U.S.系列申请案号13/114287)揭示了用于含硅薄膜沉积的前体。
用于沉积氮化硅薄膜的前体(如BTBAS和氯代硅烷类)通常在高于550℃的温度下沉积薄膜。半导体器件小型化的趋势和低的热预算需要更低的处理温度和更高的沉积速率。应当降低含硅薄膜进行沉积的温度以防止晶格中的离子扩散,特别是对于包含金属化层的那些基材和在许多III-V族和II-VI族的器件上。因此,本领域中仍然需要提供对于普通工艺和处理要求仍足够稳定的具有充分的化学反应性以允许通过CVD、ALD或其它工艺在550℃或更低的温度下或甚至在室温下沉积的用于沉积含硅薄膜(例如氧化硅或氮化硅薄膜)的新的和更经济的前体。
发明概述
本文描述了有机氨基硅烷前体和将其用于在基材的至少一部分上形成包含硅的薄膜(本文中称为含硅薄膜)的方法,含硅薄膜诸如但不限于无定形硅、晶体硅、半晶体硅、化学计量的或非化学计量的氧化硅、化学计量的或非化学计量的氮化硅、氮氧化硅、碳化硅、碳氮化硅及其组合。本文还公开了在待加工的物体(例如,举例来说,半导体晶片)上形成含硅薄膜或涂层的方法。在本文所述方法的一个实施方式中,包含硅和氧的层在基材上生成氧化硅层的条件下,在沉积室中使用有机氨基硅烷前体和氧化剂而沉积到基材上。在本文所述方法的另一个实施方式中,是在基材上生成氮化硅层的条件下,包含硅和氮的层在沉积室中使用有机氨基硅烷前体和含氮前体而沉积到基材上。在进一步的实施方式中,本文所述的有机氨基硅烷前体也可以用作含金属薄膜(例如,但不限于,金属氧化物薄膜或金属氮化物薄膜)的掺杂剂。
在本文所述的方法中,使用至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷作为至少一种含硅前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和的杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和的杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中在式A中R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团。在式A的特定实施方式中,R和R1也可结合以形成环状或者烷基取代的环状基团。在式C的特定实施方式中,R、R2和R1的任何一个或多个可以结合以形成环状基团。在式A或C的其他实施方式中,R和R1或者R、R2和R1的任何一个各自地不结合形成环状基团。在一个特别的实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷前体具有其中R是正丙基并且R1是异丙基的式A。在这些或其他式A的实施方式中,R和R1是不同的取代基并且有机氨基硅烷是不对称分子。在式A的另一个实施方式中,R和R1是相同的取代基并且有机氨基硅烷是对称分子。在式A的优选实施方式中,R是C5-C6环烷基并且R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在一个方面,本文所述的有机氨基硅烷包含被用作至少一种含硅前体的至少一种具有式A、B和C的前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团。在式A的特定实施方式中,R和R1也可结合以形成环状或者烷基取代的环状基团。在式C的特定实施方式中,R、R2和R1中的任何一个或多个可以结合以形成环状基团。在式A或C的其他实施方式中,R和R1或者R、R2和R1中任何一个各自地不结合形成环状基团。在一个特别的实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷前体具有其中R是正丙基和R1是异丙基的式A。在这些或其他式A的实施方式中,R和R1是不同的取代基并且有机氨基硅烷是不对称分子。在式A的另一个实施方式中,R和R1是相同的取代基并且有机氨基硅烷是对称分子。
在另一个方面,还提供了在基材的至少一个表面形成含硅薄膜的方法,其包括:
在反应室中提供该基材的至少一个表面;和
通过选自化学气相沉积工艺和原子层沉积工艺的沉积工艺,在所述的至少一个表面上由至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷作为至少一种含硅前体形成含硅薄膜:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团。在式A的特定实施方式中,R和R1可结合以形成环状或者烷基取代的环状基团。在一个特定的实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷包含式A前体,其中R选自C5-C6环烷基并且R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在另一个方面,提供了通过原子层沉积工艺形成氧化硅薄膜的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.在反应器中提供基材;
b.向反应器中引入至少一种选自至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷的硅前体作为至少一种含硅前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
c.用吹扫气体吹扫反应器;
d.向反应器中引入氧源;
e.用吹扫气体吹扫反应器;和
f.重复步骤b至e直到获得期望的薄膜厚度。在本文所述方法的一个特定的实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷包含式A前体,其中R选自C5-C6环烷基并且R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在进一步的方面中,提供了使用CVD工艺在基材的至少一个表面上形成氧化硅薄膜的方法,包括:
a.在反应器中提供基材;
b.向反应器中引入至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;和
c.提供氧源以在该至少一个表面上沉积氧化硅薄膜。在本文所述的方法的一个特定实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷包含式A前体,其中R选自C5-C6环烷基并且R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在另一个方面,提供了通过原子层沉积工艺形成氮化硅薄膜的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a.在反应器中提供基材;
b.向反应器中引入至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷作为至少一种含硅前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;和
c.用吹扫气体吹扫反应器;
d.向反应器中引入含氮源;
e.用吹扫气体吹扫反应器;和
f.重复步骤b至e直到获得期望的氮化硅薄膜厚度。
在本文所述方法的一个特定的实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷包含式A前体,其中R选自C5-C6环烷基和R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在进一步的方面中,提供了使用CVD工艺在基材的至少一个表面上形成氮化硅薄膜的方法,包括:
a.在反应器中提供基材;
b.向反应器中引入至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷用作至少一种含硅前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立的选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
c.提供含氮源,其中该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体与含氮源反应以在该至少一个表面上沉积包含硅和氮的薄膜。在本文所述的方法的一个特定实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷包含式A前体,其中R选自C5-C6环烷基和R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在另一个方面,本文描述了用于沉积含硅薄膜的容器,其包含一种或多种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷前体。在一个特别的实施方式中,所述容器包含至少一个配备有适当的阀和配件以允许输送一种或多种前体到用于CVD或ALD工艺的反应器中的可加压容器(优选由不锈钢制成)。
在再另一方面,还提供了用于沉积含硅薄膜的前体组合物,其包含:
具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中在式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;和
选自醚、叔胺、腈、烷基烃、芳香烃、叔氨基醚或其混合物的溶剂。在本文所述前体组合物的一个特定实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷包含式A前体,其中R选自C5-C6环烷基并且R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
附图简述
图1提供了本文所述的和在表III中第17号和实施例1中所述的具有式A的N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷的质谱(MS)谱图。
图2提供了本文所述的和表III中第7号所述的具有式A的二环己基氨基硅烷的质谱(MS)谱图。
图3提供了本文所述的和实施例2中所述的具有式B的N-2-吡啶基二硅氮烷的质谱(MS)谱图。
图4提供了本文所述的和实施例3中所述的具有式C的N,N’-二甲硅烷基-反式-2,5-二甲基哌嗪的质谱(MS)谱图。
图5提供了本文所述的和表III中第5号所述的具有式A的N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷的质谱(MS)谱图。
图6提供了本文所述的和表III中第6号所述的具有式A的N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷的质谱(MS)谱图。
图7提供了实施例5所述的使用N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷前体沉积的氧化硅薄膜随前体脉冲时间变化的沉积速率。
发明详述
有机氨基硅烷、硅烷或含硅前体用作形成化学计量的和非化学计量的含硅薄膜(例如,但不限于,氧化硅、碳氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅和碳氮氧化硅)的前体。这些前体也可以用作例如含金属薄膜的掺杂剂。有机氨基硅烷前体通常是高纯度的挥发性液体前体化学物质,其作为气体蒸发和输送到沉积室或反应器以通过用于半导体器件的CVD或ALD工艺沉积含硅薄膜。用于沉积的前体材料的选择取决于希望得到的介电材料或薄膜。例如,前体材料可以基于其化学元素的含量、其化学元素的化学计量比和/或在CVD下形成的最终含硅薄膜或涂层而进行选择。前体材料也可以基于各种其它特征如成本、相对低的毒性、加工性能、在室温下保持液相的能力、挥发性、分子量和/或其它因素而进行选择。在某些实施方式中,本文所述的前体可以通过多种方式输送到反应器系统,优选使用配备有适当的阀和配件的可加压不锈钢容器,以允许将液相前体输送至沉积室或反应器。
本文所述的有机氨基硅烷前体表现出反应性和稳定性的平衡,这使得它们理想地适合用作CVD或ALD前体。关于反应性,某些前体可能具有过高的沸点而不能被蒸发和输送到反应器以在基材上沉积为薄膜。具有较高相对沸点的前体要求输送容器和管线被加热至前体的沸点或更高的温度以防止在容器、管线或两者中形成冷凝或微粒。关于稳定性,其它有机硅烷前体可能在降解时形成硅烷(SiH4)。硅烷在室温下是可自燃的或它可以自发燃烧,这产生安全性和操作的问题。另外,硅烷和其它副产物的形成降低了前体的纯度水平,而对于可靠的半导体制造来说,小至1-2%的化学纯度的变化都可能被认为是不可接受的。在某些实施方式中,具有本文所述式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体在储存6个月或更长或者一年或更长的时间后包含少于2重量%或少于1重量%或少于0.5重量%的副产物(如相应的双硅烷副产物),这是稳定储存的指示。除了前述的优势外,在例如使用ALD或PEALD沉积方法沉积氧化硅或氮化硅薄膜的某些实施方式中,本文所述的有机氨基硅烷前体可能能够在相对低的沉积温度(例如,500℃或更低,或者400℃或更低,300℃或更低,200℃或更低,100℃或更低,或者50℃或更低)下沉积高密度材料。
在一个方面,提供了由下面式A、B或C表示的特定前体或有机氨基硅烷:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团。在式A的特定实施方式中,R和R1也可结合以形成环状或者烷基取代的环状基团。在一个特定的实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷前体是具有式A的化合物,其中R是C5-C6环烷基并且R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在式A的有机氨基硅烷的特定实施方式中,R1和R2可以被连接在一起以形成环。在这些或其他实施方式中,所述环包含杂环。所述环,或者可选择地,杂环,可以是饱和的或不饱和的。
在式A的有机氨基硅烷的替代实施方式中,R1和R2没有连接在一起形成环。
在式C的特定实施方式中,R、R2和R1中的任何一个或多个可以结合以形成环状基团。在这些实施方式中,所述环状基团可以是碳环或杂环。该环状基团可以是饱和的,或者可选择地,不饱和的。
在式C的其他实施方式中,R和R1或者R、R2和R1中任一个各自地不结合形成环状基团。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,术语“烷基”表示具有1-20或1-10或3-10或1-6个碳原子的直链或支链官能团。示例性的直链烷基包括,但不限于,甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基。示例性的支链烷基包括但不限于异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、叔戊基、异己基和新己基。在某些实施方式中,烷基可以具有一个或多个与其连接的官能团,例如,但不限于,烷氧基、二烷基氨基或其组合。在其它实施方式中,烷基不具有一个或多个与其连接的官能团。所述烷基可以是饱和的或者可选择地不饱和的。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,术语“环烷基”表示具有4-20或5-10个碳原子的环状基团。示例性的环烷基包括,但不限于,环丁基、环戊基、环己基和环辛基。在某些实施方式中,环烷基可以具有一个或多个C1-C10直链、支链的取代基,或者含有氧或者氮原子的取代基。在这个或其他实施方式中,环烷基可以具有一个或多个直链或支链烷基或烷氧基作为取代基,诸如,例如,甲基环己基或者甲氧基环己基。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,术语“芳基”表示具有5-10个碳原子或6-10个碳原子的芳香族环状官能团。示例性的芳基包括,但不限于,苯基、苄基、氯代苄基、甲苯基和邻二甲苯基。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,术语“烯基”表示具有一个或多个碳-碳双键并具有2-20或2-10或2-6个碳原子的基团。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,术语“烷氧基”表示连接至氧原子(例如,R-O)且可以具有1-20或1-12或1-6个碳原子的烷基。示例性的烷氧基包括,但不限于,甲氧基(-OCH3)、乙氧基(-OCH2CH3)、正丙氧基(-OCH2CH2CH3)和异丙氧基(-OCHMe2)。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,本文使用的术语“不饱和的”指具有一个或多个碳双键或者三键的官能团、取代基、环或者桥。不饱和环的实例可以是,但不限于,芳香环如苯环。术语“饱和的”是指不具有一个或多个双键或者三键的官能团、取代基、环或者桥。
在式A、B和C以及整个说明书中,术语“烷基氨基”表示具有一个或两个连接至氮原子的烷基并具有1-20或2-12或2-6个碳原子的基团。烷基氨基的实例可以是但不限于哌啶基团。
在某些实施方式中,式A、B或C中的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基烷基、烷氧基、烷氨基烷基、芳基和/或芳香基团中的一个或多个可以被取代或者具有替代例如氢原子的一个或多个原子或原子团。示例性的取代基包括,但不限于,氧、硫、卤素原子(例如,F、Cl、I或Br)、氮和磷。在其它实施方式中,式A、B和C中的烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基烷基、烷氧基、烷氨基烷基、芳香基团和/或芳基中的一个或多个可以是未取代的。
在特定实施方式中,所述具有式A、B或C的至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体具有一个或多个包含氧原子的取代基。在这些实施方式中,沉积工艺期间对于氧源的需求可以被避免。在其他实施方式中,所述具有式A、B或C的具有一个或多个包含氧原子的取代基的至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体也使用氧源。
本文所述的一类硅化合物是有机氨基硅烷前体并且它由下面的式A表示:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团。在另一个具有式A的有机氨基硅烷前体的实施方式中,R是具有或没有取代基的芳基且R1是直链或支链的烷基。在具有式A的化合物的一个特定实施方式中,R是C5-C6环烷基和R1选自由直链或支链C1-C3烷基基团或C5-C6环烷基组成的组。
在式A的再进一步的实施方式中,R和R1结合以形成5或6元杂环的,衍生自包括但不限于下面的一种或多种物质的取代的或未取代的芳香环:吡咯、烷基取代的吡咯、咪唑、烷基取代的咪唑、吡唑或烷基取代的吡唑。这些实施方式的实例包括但不限于:N-甲硅烷基吡咯(表III,第24号),N-甲硅烷基-2,5-二甲基吡咯(表III,第19号)和1-甲硅烷基-7-氮杂吲哚(表III,第27号)。
在式A的再进一步的实施方式中,R和R1结合以形成5或6元杂环的,衍生自包括但不限于下面的一种或多种物质的取代的或未取代的脂族环:吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪或它们的烷基取代的衍生物。这些实施方式的实例包括但不限于:2,6-二甲基吗啉代硅烷(表III,第10号)、2-甲基吡咯烷基硅烷(表III,第12号)和N-甲硅烷基十氢喹啉(表III,第16号)。
在式A的某些实施方式中,R和R1是相同的取代基,并且有机氨基硅烷是对称分子,条件是R和R1二者均不是下面基团的一种:乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正丁基、叔戊基和仲戊基。这样的实施方式的实例包括但不限于二环己基氨基硅烷(表III,第7号)。
在式A的其他实施方式中,R和R1是不同的取代基,并且有机氨基硅烷是不对称分子。这些实施方式的实例包括但不限于:N-丙基-异丙基氨基硅烷(表III,第4号)、N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷(表III,第5号)、N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷(表III,第5号)、烯丙基苯基氨基硅烷(表III,第15号)、N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷(表III,第17号)、烯丙基环戊基胺基硅烷(表III,第18号)、苯基环己基氨基硅烷(表III,第22号)和2-(N-甲硅烷基甲基氨基)吡啶(表III,第25号)。
在制备氧化硅层中适用的第二类有机氨基硅烷前体是具有单个氮原子上侧接的两个甲硅烷基的由式B表示的有机氨基硅烷:
在式B中,R选自C6-C10取代或者未取代的芳基,条件是R不是苯基;C3-C10取代或者未取代的环烷基;直链或支链的取代或者未取代的C2-C6烯基;C1-C10烷氧基烷基;或者C1-C10烷基氨基或二烷基氨基。R还可以是C4-C10直链或支链的、取代或未取代的烷基,条件是R不是未取代的叔丁基、叔戊基或环己基。
在式B的特定实施方式中,R是取代的C5-C10芳基,其中该芳基被一个或多个下述基团取代:烷基、烯基、氨基或烷氧基。这些实施方式的实例包括但不限于:N-(4-甲氧基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第11号)、N-(3-甲氧基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第12号)、N-(2-甲氧基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第13号)、N-(4-氯苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第14号)、N-(2-氯苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第15号)、N-(2-乙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第21号)、N-(2,6-二乙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第22号)、N-(2-丙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第23号)、N-(4-叔丁基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第24号)、N-(4-异丙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第25号)、N-(2-异丙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第26号)、N-(3-乙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第30号)、N-(4-仲丁基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第31号)、N-(4-乙烯基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第32号)、N-(3-甲基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第33号)、N-(4-甲基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第34号)、N-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第35号)和N-(2,6-二异丙基苯基)二硅氮烷(表IV第36号)。
在式B的特定实施方式中,R是C5-C10杂环基,其中该杂环基在环中包含N或O原子,并且所述基团可以被一个或多个下面的基团取代:烷基、烯基、氨基或烷氧基。这些实施方式的实例包括但不限于:1-N-(2-吡啶基)二硅氮烷(表IV第1号)、N,N-二甲硅烷基-2-氨基嘧啶(表IV第2号)、N-(4-甲基-2-吡啶基)二硅氮烷(表IV第16号)、N-(6-甲基-2-吡啶基)二硅氮烷(表IV第17号)、N-(3-甲基-2-吡啶基)二硅氮烷(表IV第18号)、N-(5-甲基-2-吡啶基)二硅氮烷(表IV第19号)和N-[2-(4-甲基嘧啶基)氨基]二硅氮烷(表IV第37号)。
在式B的特定实施方式中,R是取代的C2-C10烷基,其中该烷基被一个或多个下述基团取代:杂原子(例如,N、Cl、O)、烷基、芳基、烷基、烷基氨基或烷氧基。这些实施方式的实例包括但不限于:N-叔戊基二硅氮烷(表IV第6号)、N-(2-二甲基氨基-1-甲基乙基)二硅氮烷(表IV第7号)、N-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)二硅氮烷(表IV第8号)、N-(1-环己基乙基)二硅氮烷(表IV第27号)、N,N-二甲硅烷基枯基胺(表IV第29号)、N-[3,3二甲基丁基-2]二硅氮烷(表IV第39号)、N,N-二甲硅烷基-2-吡啶甲基胺(表IV第40号)、N,N-二甲硅烷基-2-(2-吡啶基)乙基胺(表IV第41号)和N,N-二甲硅烷基-1-(4-甲基苯基)乙基胺(表IV第42号)。
第三类有机氨基硅烷化合物由式C表示:
在式C中,R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和碳环或杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2。在特定实施方式中,R和R1是相同的。在替代的实施方式中,R和R1是不同的。R2基团桥连氮原子。在R2基团是单键的实施方式中,它可以是直接连接到化合物中N原子上的N原子。在特定实施方式中,R2基团只是氮原子之间的单键。在替代的实施方式中,R2基团它可以是桥接基团,诸如SiR2、SiH2、链、环或者C1-C10直链或C3-C10支链烷基。在式C的进一步的实施方式中,R和R1可连接在一起。在后一实施方式中,式C中R和R1可经由形成单或者双碳-碳键或通过氧或氮原子的连接结合成杂环基。
非限制于理论,据认为有机氨基硅烷前体如具有本文所述的式A、B和C并具有一个或多个-SiH3基团的那些有机氨基硅烷由于其在羟基化的半导体表面上反应的更低的活化能障(activationbarrier)(因此更低的沉积温度)、沉积后更低的杂质和更高的薄膜密度而优于其它包含-SiH2或-SiH基团的有机氨基硅烷前体。但是,某些具有-SiH3基团的有机氨基硅烷前体如二甲基氨基硅烷(DMAS)或二乙基氨基硅烷(DEAS)不是热稳定的,因为它发生歧化反应以分别形成可自燃的硅烷和二(二甲基氨基)硅烷或二(二乙基氨基)硅烷。此外,据认为使用这些特定的有机氨基硅烷前体沉积的薄膜可以在氮化硅或碳氮化硅网络中包含适当水平和类型的碳,这可以使得能够显著降低湿蚀刻速率而仍保持特定的介电常数值。
在特定实施方式中,具有式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷可以通过使单卤代硅烷(XSiH3,其中X=Cl、Br或I)或低分子量二烷基氨基硅烷诸如二异丙基氨基硅烷与一种或多种下面在表I(式A)和表II(式B和C)的胺在有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中反应而制备。
表1.用于合成式A前体的胺类
表2.用于合成式B或C前体的胺类
下面方程式(1)-(6)提供了可以用于制备具有本文所述的式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷的反应方案或者合成路线的实例。在方程式(1)-(6)中,取代基R、R1和R2与本文对于式A、B或C所述的那些相同;M是Li、Na或K;和X是Cl、Br或I;方程式(5)中的R’选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基。此外,也可以在方程式(2)中使用R’3N以形成R’3N-HCl而不是RR1N-HCl以便减少RR1NH的用量。方程式(1)-(6)的反应方案可以是在具有(例如其存在下)或不具有有机溶剂的条件下进行。在其中使用有机溶剂的实施方式中,合适的有机溶剂的实例包括但不限于:烃类如己烷、辛烷、甲苯和四氢呋喃(THF)。在这些或其他实施方式中,如果包括溶剂,反应温度是在约-70℃到所使用的溶剂的沸点的范围内。在移除所有副产物以及溶剂(如果存在)后,所得的有机氨基硅烷可以经真空蒸馏纯化。方程式(1)-(5)是用于制备具有式A或B的前体的不同的实施方式。方程式(5)是方程式(2)的改进以便其更适于式B化合物。方程式(6)代表式C的合成方法。
用于形成包含硅的含硅薄膜或涂层的方法是沉积工艺。用于本文公开方法的合适沉积工艺的例子包括,但不限于,循环CVD(CCVD)、MOCVD(金属有机CVD)、热化学气相沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积(“PECVD”)、高密度PECVD、光子辅助CVD、等离子体-光子辅助的化学气相沉积(“PPECVD”)、低温化学气相沉积、化学物质辅助的气相沉积、热丝化学气相沉积、液体聚合物前体的CVD、超临界流体的沉积和低能量CVD(LECVD)。在某些实施方式中,含金属的薄膜通过原子层沉积(ALD)、等离子体增强ALD(PEALD)或等离子体增强循环CVD(PECCVD)工艺沉积。如本文所用,术语“化学气相沉积工艺”指其中基材暴露于一种或多种挥发性前体的任何工艺,所述挥发性前体在基材表面反应和/或在基材表面上分解以产生预期的沉积。如本文所用,术语“原子层沉积工艺”指将物质薄膜沉积到具有变化的组成的基材上的自限式(self-limiting)(例如,在各反应循环中沉积的薄膜材料的量是恒定的)顺序表面化学作用。虽然本文中使用的前体、试剂和源有时可以描述为“气态的”,但应理解该前体可以是液体或固体,其通过直接蒸发、鼓泡或升华在具有或不具有惰性气体的条件下转运到反应器中。在一些情况中,蒸发的前体可以经过等离子体发生器。在一个实施方式中,使用ALD工艺沉积含硅薄膜。在另一实施方式中,使用CCVD工艺沉积含硅薄膜。在进一步的实施方式中,使用热CVD工艺沉积含硅薄膜。本文使用的术语“反应器”包括但不限于反应室或沉积室。
在某些实施方式中,本文公开的方法通过使用在引入反应器之前和/或过程中分隔前体的ALD或CCVD避免了前体的预反应。在这一方面,沉积技术(如ALD或CCVD工艺)用于沉积含硅薄膜。在一个实施方式中,通过将基材表面交替地暴露于一种或多种含硅前体、氧源、含氮源或其它前体或试剂而经由ALD工艺沉积薄膜。薄膜生长通过表面反应的自限式控制、各前体或试剂的脉冲长度及沉积温度进行。但是,一旦基材表面饱和,薄膜生长停止。
如前所述,在某些实施方式中,例如,对于使用ALD或PEALD沉积方法沉积氧化硅或氮化硅薄膜,具有本文所述的式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体可以能够在相对较低的沉积温度下沉积薄膜,例如,500℃或更低,或者400℃或更低,300℃或更低,200℃或更低,100℃或更低,或者50℃或更低或室温。在这些或其他实施方式中,基材(沉积)温度范围,沸点之间的差异范围具有下面任意一个或多个端点:25,50,100,200,300,400或500℃。这些范围的实例是(但不限于)25-50℃,100-300℃或者100-500℃。
在某些实施方式中,本文所述的方法进一步包括除了具有上述式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体之外的一种或多种其它含硅前体。其它含硅前体的例子包括,但不限于,有机硅化合物如硅氧烷类(例如,六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)和二甲基硅氧烷(DMSO))、有机硅烷类(例如,甲基硅烷、二甲基硅烷、乙烯基三甲基硅烷、三甲基硅烷、四甲基硅烷、乙基硅烷、二甲硅烷基甲烷、2,4-二硅杂戊烷、1,4-二硅杂丁烷、2,5-二硅杂己烷、2,2-二甲硅烷基丙烷、1,3,5-三硅杂环己烷和这些化合物的氟化衍生物)、含苯基的有机硅化合物(例如,二甲基苯基硅烷和二苯基甲基硅烷)、含氧有机硅化合物,例如二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、1,3,5,7-四硅杂-4-氧代-庚烷、2,4,6,8-四硅杂-3,7-二氧代-壬烷、2,2-二甲基-2,4,6,8-四硅杂-3,7-二氧代-壬烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、[1,3,5,7,9]-五甲基环五硅氧烷、1,3,5,7-四硅杂-2,6-二氧代-环辛烷、六甲基环三硅氧烷、1,3-二甲基二硅氧烷、1,3,5,7,9-五甲基环五硅氧烷、六甲氧基二硅氧烷和这些化合物的氟化衍生物。
取决于沉积方法,在某些实施方式中,该一种或多种含硅前体可以以预定的摩尔量或大约0.1-大约1000微摩尔引入反应器中。在这一实施方式或其它实施方式中,含硅和/或有机氨基硅烷前体可以以预定的时间长度引入反应器中。在某些实施方式中,该时间长度为大约0.001-大约500秒。
在某些实施方式中,使用本文所述的方法沉积的含硅薄膜使用氧源、含氧的试剂或前体在氧的存在下形成。氧源可以以至少一种氧源的形式引入反应器中和/或可以附带地存在于用于沉积方法的其它前体中。合适的氧源气体可以包括,例如,水(H2O)(例如,去离子水、纯化水和/或蒸馏水)、水等离子体、氧气(O2)、过氧化物(O3)、氧等离子体、臭氧(O3)、NO、NO2、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2)及其组合。在某些实施方式中,氧源包含以大约1-大约2000标准立方厘米/分钟(squarecubiccentimeter)(sccm)或大约1-大约1000sccm的流速引入反应器中的氧源气体。氧源可以引入大约0.1-大约100秒的时间。在一个特别的实施方式中,氧源包含具有10℃或更高的温度的水。在其中薄膜通过ALD或循环CVD工艺沉积的实施方式中,前体脉冲可以具有大于0.01秒的脉冲持续时间,且氧源可以具有小于0.01秒的脉冲持续时间,而水的脉冲持续时间可以具有小于0.01秒的脉冲持续时间。在再另一实施方式中,脉冲之间的吹扫持续时间可以低至0秒或没有脉冲之间的吹扫而连续地进行脉冲。以低于与硅前体的1∶1比率的分子数量提供氧源或试剂,从而至少一些碳保留在如此沉积的含硅薄膜中。
在某些实施方式中,含硅薄膜包含硅和氮。在这些实施方式中,使用本文所述的方法沉积的含硅薄膜在含氮源的存在下形成。含氮源可以以至少一种氮源的形式引入反应器中和/或可以附带地存在于用于沉积工艺的其它前体中。合适的含氮源气体可以包括,例如,氨、肼、单烷基肼、二烷基肼、氮、氮/氢、氨等离子体、氮等离子体、氮/氢等离子体及其混合物。在某些实施方式中,含氮源包含氨等离子体或氢/氮等离子体源气体,其以大约1-大约2000标准立方厘米/分钟(sccm)或大约1-大约1000sccm的流速引入反应器中。含氮源可以引入大约0.1-大约100秒的时间。在其中薄膜通过ALD或循环CVD工艺沉积的实施方式中,前体脉冲可以具有大于0.01秒的脉冲持续时间,且含氮源可以具有小于0.01秒的脉冲持续时间,而水的脉冲持续时间可以具有小于0.01秒的脉冲持续时间。在再另一实施方式中,脉冲之间的吹扫持续时间可以低至0秒或没有脉冲之间的吹扫而连续地进行脉冲。
本文公开的沉积方法可以包括一种或多种吹扫气体。用于吹扫掉未消耗的反应物和/或反应副产物的吹扫气体是不与前体发生反应的惰性气体。示例性的吹扫气体包括,但不限于,氩(Ar)、氮(N2)、氦(He)、氖、氢(H2)及其混合物。在某些实施方式中,吹扫气体如Ar以大约10到大约2000sccm的流速供应到反应器中大约0.1-1000秒,从而吹扫可能保留在反应器中的未反应物质和任何副产物。
供应前体、氧源、含氮源和/或其它前体、源气体和/或试剂的相应步骤可通过改变其供应时间来进行从而改变所得含硅薄膜的化学计量组成。
给前体、含氮源、还原剂、其它前体或其组合中的至少一种施加能量以引发反应并在基材上形成含硅薄膜或涂层。这种能量可以通过但不限于热、等离子体、脉冲等离子体、螺旋波等离子体(heliconplasma)、高密度等离子体、电感耦合等离子体、X-射线、电子束、光子、远程等离子体方法及其组合提供。在某些实施方式中,第二RF射频源可以用于改变基材表面处的等离子体特性。在其中沉积涉及等离子体的实施方式中,等离子体发生方法可以包括其中等离子体在反应器中直接发生的直接等离子体发生方法或替代的其中等离子体在反应器外发生并供应到反应器中的远程等离子体发生方法。
有机氨基硅烷前体和/或其它含硅前体可以以多种方式输送到反应室如CVD或ALD反应器。在一个实施方式中,可以利用液体输送系统。在替代的实施方式中,可以采用组合的液体输送和闪蒸处理单元,例如,举例来说,由Shoreview,MN的MSPCorporation制造的涡轮蒸发器(turbovaporizer),以使得低挥发性材料能够定体积地输送,这导致可再现的输送和沉积而没有前体的热分解。在液体输送制剂或组合物中,本文所述的前体可以以纯液体形式输送,或者可选择地,可以以包含前体的溶剂制剂或组合物的形式使用。因此,在某些实施方式中,前体制剂可以包括具有在给定的终端应用中期望的和有利的适当特性的溶剂成分以在基材上形成薄膜。
对于其中具有式A、B或C的前体用于包含溶剂和具有式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体的组合物中的那些实施方式,所选择的溶剂或其混合物不与有机氨基硅烷反应。组合物中溶剂的重量百分比的量的范围从0.5重量%到99.5重量%或者从10%重量到75%。在这一或其他实施方式中,所述的溶剂具有和式A、B、C的有机氨基硅烷沸点(b.p.)相似的沸点或者溶剂的沸点和式A、B、C的有机氨基硅烷的沸点之间的差异是40℃或更小,30℃或更小,20℃或更小,或者10℃。或者,沸点之间的差异范围是具有下面任意一个或多个端点:0,10,20,30或40℃。沸点差异合适范围的实例包括但不限于0-40℃、20-30℃或10-30℃。组合物中合适的溶剂的实例包括但不限于:醚(例如1,4-二氧杂环己烷、二丁基醚)、叔胺(例如吡啶、1-甲基哌啶、1-乙基哌啶、N,N’-二甲基哌嗪、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺)、腈(例如苯甲腈)、烷基烃(如辛烷、壬烷、十二烷、乙基环己烷))、芳族烃(例如甲苯、均三甲苯)、叔氨基醚(例如双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚)或者它们的混合物。一些非限制性示例组合物包括但不限于:包含二异丙基氨基硅烷(沸点约116℃)和辛烷(沸点125-126℃)的组合物、包含二异丙基氨基硅烷(沸点约116℃)和吡啶(沸点115℃)的组合物、包含二异丙基氨基硅烷(沸点约116℃)和甲苯(沸点110℃)的组合物;包含N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷(沸点约171℃)和癸烷(沸点174℃)的组合物;包含N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷(沸点约171℃)和二乙二醇二甲基醚(沸点162℃)的组合物;包含N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷(沸点约199℃)和双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚(沸点189℃)的组合物、包含N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷(沸点约199℃)和苄腈(沸点191℃)的组合物。
在另一实施方式中,本文描述了包含一种或多种具有式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体的用于沉积含硅薄膜的容器。在一个特别的实施方式中,该容器包括至少一个配备有适当的阀和配件的可加压容器(优选由不锈钢制成)以允许一种或多种前体输送到用于CVD或ALD工艺的反应器中。在这一实施方式或其它实施方式中,式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体在由不锈钢构成的可加压容器中提供,且前体的纯度为98重量%或更高或者99.5%或更高,这适合于大多数的半导体应用。在某些实施方式中,这种容器也可以具有用于混合所述前体和一种或多种另外的前体(如果需要)的装置。在这些实施方式或其它实施方式中,容器的内容物可以与另外的前体预混合。可选择地,有机氨基硅烷前体和/或其它前体可以保持在独立的容器中或在具有用于在储存期间保持有机氨基硅烷前体和其它前体分离的隔离装置的单一容器中。
如上所述,有机氨基硅烷的纯度水平是足够高以对于可靠的半导体制备为足以接受的。在某些实施方式中,具有本文所述的式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体包含少于2%重量或少于1%重量或少于0.5%重量的一种或多种下面的杂质:游离胺、卤化物和高分子量物质。本文所述的有机氨基硅烷的较高纯度可以通过下述工艺的一种或多种获得:纯化、吸附和/或蒸馏。
在本文所述的方法的一个实施方式中,可以采用循环沉积工艺如CCVD、ALD或PEALD,其中使用至少一种选自具有式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体的含硅前体和任选地含氮源(例如,举例来说,氨、肼、单烷基肼、二烷基肼、氮、氮/氢、氨等离子体、氮等离子体、氮/氢等离子体)。
在本文所述的方法的特定实施方式中,在沉积工艺中使用还原剂。还原剂的实例包括但不限于氢、肼或者氢等离子体。
在某些实施方式中,连接前体罐到反应室的气体管线根据工艺需要加热到一个或多个温度,且具有式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体的容器保持在一个或多个温度以进行鼓泡。在其它实施方式中,将包含至少一种具有式A、B或C的含硅前体的溶液注入保持在一个或多个温度下的蒸发器中用于直接液体注射。
氩和/或其它气体的流可以用作载气以在前体脉冲期间帮助输送该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体的蒸气到反应室。在某些实施方式中,反应室处理压力为大约1Torr。
在典型的ALD或CCVD工艺中,基材(如氧化硅基材)在初始暴露于该含硅前体的反应室中的加热器台上加热,以使得该复合物化学吸附到基材表面上。
吹扫气体(如氩气)从处理室吹扫掉未吸附的过量复合物。在充分吹扫后,含氮源可以被引入反应室中以与吸附的表面反应,随后进行另一气体吹扫以从该室除去反应副产物。处理循环可以重复至获得期望的薄膜厚度。
在这一实施方式或其它实施方式中,可以理解,本文所述的方法的步骤可以以各种顺序进行,可以顺序地或同时地(例如,在另一步骤的至少一部分时间内)进行,和以上述方式的任何组合方式进行。供应前体和含氮源气体的相应步骤可以通过改变供应这些物质的时间长度来进行,以改变所产生的含硅薄膜的化学计量组成。
在本文公开的方法的另一实施方式中,使用包括以下步骤的ALD沉积方法形成含硅和氮的薄膜:
在ALD反应器中提供基材;
向ALD反应器中引入至少一种具有A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,和其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
使该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体化学吸附到基材上;
用吹扫气体吹扫掉未反应的该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体;
向加热的基材上的有机氨基硅烷前体提供含氮源以与吸附的至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体反应;和
任选地吹扫掉任何未反应的含氮源。
在本文公开的方法的另一实施方式中,使用包括以下步骤的ALD沉积方法形成含硅薄膜:
在反应器中提供基材;
向反应器中引入至少一种具有A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,和其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
使该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体化学吸附到基材上;
用吹扫气体吹扫掉未反应的该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体;
向加热的基材上的有机氨基硅烷前体提供氧源以与吸附的至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体反应;和
任选地吹扫掉任何未反应的氧源。
在本文公开的方法的进一步实施方式中,有机氨基硅烷用于沉积含硅薄膜,所述膜为无定形薄膜、晶体硅薄膜或其混合物。在这些实施方式中,使用包括以下步骤的选自ALD或循环CVD的沉积方法形成含硅薄膜:
将基材置于反应器中,其被加热到从环境温度到大约700℃的范围的温度并保持在1Torr或更低的压力下;
向反应器中引入至少一种具有A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,和其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
向反应器中提供还原剂以便至少部分地与该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体反应,并在一个或多个基材上沉积含硅薄膜,其中还原剂选自由氢、氢等离子体或氯化氢组成的组中的至少一种。
上述步骤限定了本文所述方法的一个循环,且该循环可以重复进行直到获得期望的含硅薄膜厚度。在这一实施方式或其它实施方式中,可以理解,本文所述方法的步骤可以以多种顺序进行,可以顺序地或同时地(例如,在另一步骤的至少一部分时间内)进行,和以上述方式的任何组合方式进行。供应前体和氧源的相应步骤可以通过改变供应这些物质的时间长度来进行以改变所产生的含硅薄膜的化学计量组成,虽然总是以低于相对于可用的硅的化学计量的量使用氧。
对于多组分含硅薄膜,其它前体如含硅前体、含氮前体、还原剂或其它试剂可以交替地引入反应室中。
在本文所述方法的进一步实施方式中,使用热CVD工艺沉积含硅薄膜。在这一实施方式中,该方法包括:
将一个或多个基材置于反应器中,其被加热到从环境温度到大约700℃的范围的温度并保持在1Torr或更低的压力下;
引入至少一种包含具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的其中碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,和其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
向反应器中提供氧源以至少部分地与该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体反应并沉积含硅薄膜到一个或多个基材上。在该CVD方法的某些实施方式中,反应器在引入步骤过程中保持在100mTorr至600mTorr的压力下。
上述步骤限定了用于本文所述方法的一个循环,且该循环可以重复进行直到获得期望的含硅薄膜厚度。在这一实施方式或其它实施方式中,可以理解本文所述的方法的步骤可以以多种顺序进行,可以顺序地或同时地(例如,在另一步骤的至少一部分时间内)进行,和以上述方式的任何组合方式进行。供应前体和氧源的相应步骤可以通过改变供应这些物质的时间长度来进行以改变所产生的含硅薄膜的化学计量组成,虽然总是以低于相对于可用的硅的化学计量的量使用氧。
对于多成分含硅薄膜,其它前体如含硅前体、含氮前体、氧源、还原剂和/或其它试剂可以交替地引入反应室中。
在本文所述方法的进一步实施方式中,使用热CVD工艺沉积含硅薄膜。在这一实施方式中,该方法包括:
将一个或多个基材置于反应器中,其被加热到从环境温度到大约700℃的范围的温度并保持在1Torr或更低的压力下;
引入至少一种具有式A、B和C或其混合物的有机氨基硅烷前体用作至少一种含硅前体:
其中R独立地选自C1-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或在式C中具有或不具有取代基的甲硅烷基;R1独立地选自C3-C10直链或支链的烷基;C3-C10环烷基;C5-C10芳基;C3-C10饱和或不饱和杂环基;氢原子;直链或支链C2-C10烯基;C1-C10烷氧基;C1-C10烷基氨基;或者具有取代基的甲硅烷基;并且R2表示单键;饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为1-10的烃链;饱和的或不饱和的碳环或杂环;SiR2;或者SiH2,和其中式A中的R和R1也可结合以形成环状基团;
向反应器中提供含氮源以至少部分地与该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体反应并沉积含硅薄膜到一个或多个基材上。在该CVD方法的某些实施方式中,反应器在引入步骤过程中保持在100mTorr至600mTorr的压力下。
在某些实施方式中,具有本文所述的式A、B或C的有机氨基硅烷前体也可以用作含金属薄膜(例如,但不限于,金属氧化物薄膜或金属氮化物薄膜)的掺杂剂。在这些实施方式中,使用ALD或CVD工艺(如本文所述的那些工艺)利用金属醇盐、金属氨基化物或挥发性有机金属前体沉积含金属薄膜。可用于本文所述方法的合适的金属醇盐前体的例子包括,但不限于,3-6族金属醇盐、具有烷氧基和烷基取代的环戊二烯基配体的3-6族金属络合物、具有烷氧基和烷基取代的吡咯基配体的3-6族金属络合物、具有烷氧基和二酮根(diketonate)配体的3-6族金属络合物、具有烷氧基和酮酯配体的3-6族金属络合物;可以用于本文所述的方法中的合适的金属氨基化物前体的例子包括,但不限于,四(二甲基氨基)锆(TDMAZ)、四(二乙基氨基)锆(TDEAZ)、四(乙基甲基氨基)锆(TEMAZ)、四(二甲基氨基)铪(TDMAH)、四(二乙基氨基)铪(TDEAH)和四(乙基甲基氨基)铪(TEMAH)、四(二甲基氨基)钛(TDMAT)、四(二乙基氨基)钛(TDEAT)、四(乙基甲基氨基)钛(TEMAT)、叔丁基亚氨基三(二乙基氨基)钽(TBTDET)、叔丁基亚氨基三(二甲基氨基)钽(TBTDMT)、叔丁基亚氨基三(乙基甲基氨基)钽(TBTEMT)、乙基亚氨基三(二乙基氨基)钽(EITDET)、乙基亚氨基三(二甲基氨基)钽(EITDMT)、乙基亚氨基三(乙基甲基氨基)钽(EITEMT)、叔戊基亚氨基三(二甲基氨基)钽(TAIMAT)、叔戊基亚氨基三(二乙基氨基)钽、五(二甲基氨基)钽、叔戊基亚氨基三(乙基甲基氨基)钽、二(叔丁基亚氨基)二(二甲基氨基)钨(BTBMW)、二(叔丁基亚氨基)二(二乙基氨基)钨、二(叔丁基亚氨基)二(乙基甲基氨基)钨及其组合。可以用于本文公开的方法的合适的有机金属前体的例子包括,但不限于,3族金属环戊二烯基化物或烷基环戊二烯基化物。本文的示例性的3-6族金属包括,但不限于,Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Er、Yb、Lu、Ti、Hf、Zr、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo和W。
在某些实施方式中,所产生的含硅薄膜或涂层可以进行沉积后处理,例如,但不限于,等离子体处理、化学处理、紫外光照射、电子束照射和/或影响薄膜的一个或多个特性的其它处理。
在某些实施方式中,本文所述的含硅薄膜具有6或更低的介电常数。在这些实施方式或其它实施方式中,薄膜可以具有大约5或更低的或者大约4或更低的或者大约3.5或更低的介电常数。但是,可以预想的是,可以根据薄膜的预期终端用途形成具有其它介电常数(例如,更高或更低)的薄膜。使用本文所述的有机氨基硅烷前体和方法形成的包含硅或含硅薄膜的实例具有式SixOyCzNvHw,其中Si的范围为大约10%至大约40%,O的范围为大约0%至大约65%,C的范围为大约0%至大约75%或大约0%至大约50%,N的范围为大约0%至大约75%或大约0%至大约50%,和H的范围为大约0%至大约50%,以上百分比为原子重量百分比,其中x+y+z+v+w=100原子重量百分比,如通过例如XPS或其它方法测定的。
如以前所述,本文所述的方法可以用于在基材的至少一部分上沉积含硅薄膜。合适的基材的例子包括,但不限于,硅、SiO2、Si3N4、OSG、FSG、碳化硅、氢化的碳化硅、氮化硅、氢化的氮化硅、碳氮化硅、氢化的碳氮化硅、氮化硼、抗反射涂层、光致抗蚀剂、有机聚合物、多孔有机和无机材料、金属(如铜和铝)及扩散阻挡层(例如,但不限于,TiN、Ti(C)N、TaN、Ta(C)N、Ta、W或WN)。薄膜与各种后续的加工步骤相容,例如,举例来说,化学机械平面抛光(CMP)和各向异性蚀刻工艺。
沉积的薄膜具有包括,但不限于,计算机芯片、光学器件、磁信息存储、支撑材料或基材上的涂层、微型机电系统(MEMS)、纳米机电系统、薄膜晶体管(TFT)和液晶显示器(LCD)的应用。
以下实施例举例说明了本文所述的制备有机氨基硅烷前体的方法以及沉积的含硅薄膜,且不意图以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例
实施例1:N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷和具有式A的其他有机氨基硅烷前体的合成
在500mlSchlenk烧瓶中,将247.3克(1.75mol)的N-异丙基环己基胺和229.9g(1.75mol)的二异丙基氨基硅烷在氮气下回流8天。在40mmHg的压力和50℃下真空除去副产物二异丙基胺。真空分馏获得50克纯N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷。由差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量的标准沸点(在1大气压下测量)为约199℃。终产物由图1中给出的质谱(MS)表征,其具有171(M+),156(M-CH3)处的峰。
仔细洗涤两支10cc不锈钢安瓿并且使用前在175℃烘烤。在手套式操作箱中向安瓿中单独加载5克N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷样品。然后使用预设在80℃±2℃的实验室烤箱将安瓿存储在恒定温度环境中1周和两周的期间。由气相色谱(GC)评价样品以确定降解程度。GC结果显示被分析物一周仅仅下降约0.2wt%和两周下降0.27wt%,表明其具有优异的稳定性并能够用作可靠的半导体工艺的合适前体。
根据本文在方程式(1)中描述的反应方案,使用二异丙基氨基硅烷和一种或多种在表I中提供的以下胺类制备其他式A的有机氨基硅烷前体。由真空蒸馏得到期望的具有式A的有机氨基硅烷前体并用质谱(MS)表征。各种有机氨基硅烷前体的分子量(MW)、结构和相应的MS碎片峰在表III中提供以确认它们的身份。
表III.具有式A的有机氨基硅烷
实施例2:N-2-吡啶基二硅氮烷和其他具有式B的有机氨基硅烷前体的合成
在500mlSchlenk烧瓶中,在氮气氛下将57克(0.5mol)的2-氨基吡啶和196.5g(1.5mol)的二异丙基氨基硅烷在环境温度下搅拌12小时。在20mmHg的压力和室温(25℃)下真空除去相对低沸点的副产物二异丙基胺。然后再搅拌混合物12小时。通过在6mmHg下60℃沸点的真空蒸馏获得产物N-2-吡啶基二硅氮烷(65g,84.5%产率)。终产物通过图1中给出的质谱(MS)表征,并特别地显示154(M+),153(M-CH3),123(M-SiH3),121,106,94和80处的峰。N-2-吡啶基二硅氮烷的分子量为154.32。
根据本文在方程式(5)中描述的反应方案,使用二异丙基氨基硅烷和一种或多种在表II中提供的以下胺类(式B)以提供反应混合物,且反应混合物在氮气氛和环境温度下搅拌12小时而制备其他有机氨基硅烷前体。所选胺类的选择影响期望得到的终产物前体。例如,N-金刚烷基二硅氮烷由包含二异丙基氨基硅烷和1-金刚烷基胺的反应混合物制得。在20mmHg的压力和室温(25℃)下真空除去相对低沸点的副产物二异丙基胺。随后再搅拌反应混合物12小时。由真空蒸馏得到具有式B的期望的有机氨基硅烷终产物。用质谱(MS)表征终产物,且各种终产物的峰和分子量在表IV中提供以确认它们的身份。
表IV.具有式B的有机氨基硅烷
实施例3:N,N’二甲硅烷基-反式-2,5-二甲基哌嗪和其他具有式C的有机氨基硅烷前体的合成
在500mlSchlenk烧瓶中,在氮气氛下将57克(0.5mol)的反式-2,5-二甲基哌嗪和196.5g(1.5mol)的二异丙基氨基硅烷在环境温度下搅拌12小时。在20mmHg的压力和室温(25℃)下真空除去相对低沸点的副产物二异丙基胺。然后再搅拌混合物12小时。通过在10mmHg下54℃沸点的真空蒸馏获得产物N,N’二甲硅烷基-反式-2,5-二甲基哌嗪(78g,90%产率)。终产物通过图2中给出的质谱(MS)表征,并特别地显示174(M+),159(M-CH3),143(M-SiH3),131,117,100,83,72和58处的峰。N,N’二甲硅烷基-反式-2,5-二甲基哌嗪的分子量为174.39。
根据本文在方程式(6)中描述的反应方案,使用二异丙基氨基硅烷和一种或多种在表II中提供的以下胺类(式B或C)提供反应混合物,并且在氮气氛和环境温度下搅拌所述反应混合物12小时制备其他有机氨基硅烷前体。所选胺类的选择影响期望得到的终产物前体。例如,N,N’-二(2-嘧啶基)三硅氮烷由包含二异丙基氨基硅烷和2-氨基嘧啶的反应混合物制得。在20mmHg的压力和室温(25℃)下真空除去相对低沸点的副产物二异丙基胺。随后再搅拌混合物12小时。由真空蒸馏得到具有式C的期望的有机氨基硅烷终产物。用质谱(MS)表征终产物且在表V中提供各种终产物的的峰和分子量。
表V.具有式C的有机氨基硅烷
实施例4:式A前体的相对化学稳定性的计算机模拟
为了了解用于沉淀工艺的候选前体的热稳定性,对下面的式A前体进行量子力学计算:N-甲硅烷基十氢喹啉、N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷、N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷、N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷和二环己基氨基硅烷。使用密度泛函理论(DFT)评价下面的歧化反应(scramblingreaction)的动力学和热力学行为而得到量子力学计算:
2SiH3L→SiH4+SiH2L2
(其中L=十氢喹啉、N-甲基环己基氨基、N-乙基环己基氨基、N-异丙基环己基氨基和二环己基氨基基团)。
该特定反应被选择用于模拟是因为硅烷(SiH4)形成的实验证据,硅烷由于在圆筒顶空中累积的压力而产生潜在的安全危险。在一系列产生SiX4和SiH4作为最终产物的类似的步骤中,该反应首先和通常被认为是速率限制的。在所有电子近似法中使用由B88交换函数(Becke,Phys.Rev.A38.30981988)和LYP相关函数(LeeYangParr,Phys.Rev.B37,7851988)组成的BLYP密度函数与双数偏振基本设定和4.0°A球形截止(globalcutoff)结合来进行计算,如由Accelrys(B.Delley,J.Chem.Phys.92,5081990;B.Delley,J.Chem.Phys.113.77562000)在Materials5.5的Dmol3模块中执行的。
计算的结果在表VI中提供。从表VI中可以看出所有的反应都是热有利的或者接近于热中性的(由负的或者接近于0的反应能,Erxn表示)。表VI还显示增加与氮原子相连的碳原子上的体积提高了歧化反应的活化能(Ea),这表明经减慢动力学增加相对于该热分解机制的热稳定性。提高活化能导致较少部分的分子具有足够能量以克服在反应物和产物(它的形成将否则被热力学促进)之间的能障。结果是化学反应在给定的温度下减速,或者可选择的,需要温度升高以达到由机制产生的特定降解速率。
表VI.相对化学稳定性的比较(能量用kcal/mol表示)
前体: | Ea | Erxn |
N-甲硅烷基十氢喹啉(表I第16号) | 48.3 | -0.1 |
N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷(表I第5号) | 38.6 | -3.6 |
N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷(表I第6号) | 41.4 | -3.8 |
N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷(表I第17号) | 51.2 | -2.8 |
二环己基氨基硅烷(表I第7号) | 55.5 | +1.0 |
实施例5:氧化硅薄膜的原子层沉积
使用下面式A的前体进行氧化硅薄膜的原子层沉积:N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷、N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷和N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷。在实验室规模的ALD处理设备上进行沉积。在进入沉积区域前,将所有气体(例如吹扫和反应气体或者前体和氧源)预先加热到100℃。用具有高速致动的ALD隔膜阀控制气体和前体流率。沉积中使用的基材是12英寸长的硅条,其具有连接在样品固定器上的热电偶以确认基材温度。以臭氧作为氧源气体使用400个循环的基线进行沉积,且沉积的工艺参数在表VII中提供。
表VII:以O3生成基础ALD氧化物薄膜的工艺:
用沉积速率和折射率表征所产生的SiO2薄膜。通过将来自薄膜的反射数据与预设的物理模型(例如LorentzOscillator模型)拟合,使用FilmTek2000SE椭率计测量薄膜的厚度和折射率。对于折射率,大约1.44-1.47的值反映典型的CVD氧化硅薄膜。所有测试的前体沉积具有大约1.4-大约1.5的折射率的薄膜。
经ALD在150℃基材温度下,使用N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷和臭氧沉积氧化硅薄膜。在17Torr下,以从1秒到5秒内的脉冲时间输送N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷前体,同时臭氧流被固定在4秒5000sccm。图7显示N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷薄膜的沉积速率独立于前体的脉冲时间,表现出自限的性能,/循环。薄膜的折射率是在1.45-1.47之间,这对于氧化硅薄膜是典型的。
经在75℃、100℃和150℃的温度下沉积的ALD使用N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷和臭氧沉积氧化硅薄膜。在17Torr下输送N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷前体两秒同时臭氧流被固定在4秒5000sccm。表VIII提供了随基材温度变化的沉积速率。
经ALD在从45℃到150℃的各种不同温度范围下使用N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷和臭氧沉积碳氧化硅薄膜。在9Torr下输送N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷前体2秒,同时臭氧流被固定在4秒5000sccm。表VIII提供了随基材温度变化的沉积速率。沉积的薄膜的折射率也在表VIII中提供。随着温度的增加,N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷沉积薄膜的折射率从1.60降到1.50。较高的折射率表明在氧化硅薄膜中更多的碳掺杂剂。
经ALD在从45℃到300℃的不同温度下使用N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷和臭氧沉积碳氧化硅薄膜。在3Torr下输送N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷前体4秒,同时臭氧流被固定在2秒5000sccm。表VIII提供了随基材温度变化的沉积速率。沉积薄膜的折射率也在表VIII中提供。随着温度的增加,N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷沉积薄膜的折射率从1.77降到1.50。使用N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷、N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷、N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷沉积的薄膜的沉积速率相对温度的对比在表VIII中提供。表VIII显示在沉积工艺期间,较大的R取代基团例如异丙基产生空间位阻,这导致相对于较小的R取代基例如甲基,产生较低的沉积速率以及由较高的折射率证明的更多碳并入。然而,很可能经由调整ALD条件(例如使用除臭氧外的其他氧化剂)而使得碳含量可以减少,从而使得N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷或N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷能够被用于沉积高纯度氧化硅。
表VIII:ALD沉淀结果
Claims (5)
1.有机氨基硅烷,选自N-甲基环己基氨基硅烷、N-乙基环己基氨基硅烷、N-异丙基环己基氨基硅烷、苯基环己基氨基硅烷和二环己基氨基硅烷。
2.用于沉积含硅薄膜的组合物,其包含:
权利要求1所述的有机氨基硅烷;和
选自醚、叔胺、腈、烷基烃、芳香烃、叔氨基醚或其混合物的溶剂。
3.权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述有机氨基硅烷和溶剂各自具有沸点,并且其中有机氨基硅烷的沸点和溶剂的沸点之间的差异是40℃或更小。
4.权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述有机氨基硅烷和溶剂各自具有沸点,并且其中有机氨基硅烷的沸点和溶剂的沸点之间的差异是20℃或更小。
5.一种用于形成选自结晶薄膜、无定形硅薄膜或其混合物的含硅薄膜的方法,其采用选自ALD或循环CVD的沉积方法,包括以下步骤:
将基材置于反应器中,该反应器被加热至从环境温度到700℃的范围内的温度并保持1Torr或更低的压力;
向反应器中引入至少一种权利要求1所述的有机氨基硅烷;
向反应器中提供还原剂以使其至少部分地与该至少一种有机氨基硅烷前体反应,并在一个或多个基材上沉积含硅薄膜,其中所述还原剂是选自由氢、氢等离子体或肼组成的组中的至少一种;和
其中重复所述步骤直至得到期望的含硅薄膜厚度。
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EP2535343A3 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
EP2535343A2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
TWI541248B (zh) | 2016-07-11 |
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CN102827198A (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
US20140272194A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
JP6498864B2 (ja) | 2019-04-10 |
JP2017171664A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
KR20200051543A (ko) | 2020-05-13 |
TW201247690A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
KR20120132403A (ko) | 2012-12-05 |
JP6404540B2 (ja) | 2018-10-10 |
KR101470876B1 (ko) | 2014-12-09 |
EP2535343B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
US20130129940A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
US9005719B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
JP2012248844A (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
KR20140142209A (ko) | 2014-12-11 |
US8771807B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
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