CN101114086A - 液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101114086A
CN101114086A CNA2007101392005A CN200710139200A CN101114086A CN 101114086 A CN101114086 A CN 101114086A CN A2007101392005 A CNA2007101392005 A CN A2007101392005A CN 200710139200 A CN200710139200 A CN 200710139200A CN 101114086 A CN101114086 A CN 101114086A
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common
aforementioned
liquid crystal
periphery
electrode
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CNA2007101392005A
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CN100510913C (zh
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小野木智英
濑川泰生
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Japan Display Inc
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Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F1/134336Matrix
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Abstract

本发明提供一种可充分确保对共通电极提供共通电位,且提升像素的开口率以获得明亮显示的FFS方式的液晶显示装置。像素电极(21)是以第一层透明电极所形成,在该像素电极(21)的上层隔着绝缘膜(22)形成有由第二层透明电极所形成的共通电极(23A)。再者,在上层的共通电极(23A)设有多个开缝S。共通电极(23A)横跨显示区域(70)的全部像素。共通电极(23A)的端部是连接至配置在显示区域(70)外、且用以提供共通电位Vcom的外周共通电位线(50)。而现有例的共通电极辅助线(15)、垫电极(19)则未设置。

Description

液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液晶显示装置,特别是指通过在像素电极与共通电极之间产生的横方向电场来控制液晶分子的配向方向的液晶显示装置。
背景技术
作为谋求液晶显示装置的广视角化的手段之一,开发有一种通过在同一衬底上的电极间产生横方向的电场,并利用该电场使液晶分子在与衬底平行的面内旋转,从而使之具有光开关功能的方式。该技术的例子已知有横向电场切换(In-Plane Switching,以下简称IPS)方式,或改进IPS方式的边缘场切换(Fringe Field Switching,以下简称FFS)方式。
参照图示说明FFS方式的液晶显示装置的制造步骤。图18至图20是FFS方式的液晶显示装置的一像素的制造步骤图,各图的(a)是显示区域的一部分的平面图,(b)是沿(a)图的A-A线的剖面图。在实际的液晶显示装置的显示区域中,以矩阵状配置有许多个像素,但该图中仅显示三个像素。
如图18所示,在由玻璃衬底等所构成的TFT衬底10上,通过CVD(化学气相沉积,Chemical Vapor Deposition),将由氧化硅膜(SiO2膜)或氮化硅膜(SiNx膜)构成的缓冲层11、非晶硅层连续成膜。该非晶硅层是通过受激准分子激光·退火处理结晶化而成为多晶硅层。该多晶硅层是被图案化为U字形而形成薄膜晶体管1(以下称TFT)的有源层12。
然后,以覆盖有源层12的方式将栅极绝缘膜13成膜。在与有源层12重叠的栅极绝缘膜13上,形成由铬、钼等构成的栅极线14。栅极线14是在两个部位与有源层12交叉,并沿列方向延伸。对栅极线14施加有控制TFT1的导通开关的栅极信号。另一方面,形成有与栅极线14平行、与栅极线14由同一材料所构成且用以提供共通电位Vcom的共通电极辅助线15。
接着,形成有覆盖TFT1及共通电极辅助线15的层间绝缘膜16。接着,在层间绝缘膜16形成有分别露出有源层12的源极区域12s、漏极区域12d的接触孔CH1、CH2。此外,在层间绝缘膜16形成有露出共通电极辅助线15的接触孔CH3。
接着,形成通过接触孔CH1与源极区域12s连接的源极电极17、及通过接触孔CH2与漏极区域12d连接的显示信号线18,且形成有通过接触孔CH3与共通电极辅助线15连接的垫电极19。源极电极17、显示信号线18及垫电极19是由包含铝或铝合金的金属等所构成。接着,在整面形成平坦化膜20。在平坦化膜20形成有分别露出源极电极17、垫电极19的接触孔CH4、CH5。
然后,如图19所示,形成有通过接触孔CH4连接在源极电极17且延伸在平坦化膜20上的像素电极21。像素电极21由ITO等的第一层透明电极所构成,且通过TFT1施加来自显示信号线18的显示信号Vsig。
然后,如图20所示,形成有用以覆盖像素电极21的绝缘膜22。并且,蚀刻绝缘膜22而形成有露出垫电极19的接触孔CH6。再者,通过绝缘膜22在像素电极21上形成具有多个开缝S的共通电极23。共通电极23由ITO等的第二层透明电极所构成,且通过接触孔CH6与垫电极19相连接。
再者,配置有与TFT衬底10相对向且由玻璃衬底等所构成的对向衬底30。在对向衬底30贴附有偏光板31。而且,在TFT衬底10的背面也贴附有偏光板32。偏光板31、32是以各偏光板的偏光轴相互正交的关系配置。此外,在TFT衬底10与对向衬底30之间封入有液晶40。
上述液晶显示装置是在对像素电极21未施加显示电压的状态(无电压状态)下,形成液晶40的液晶分子的长轴的平均配向方向(以下简称“配向方向”)是成为与偏光板32的偏光轴平行的倾斜。此时,由于穿透液晶40的直线偏光的偏光轴与偏光板31的偏光轴正交,故不会从偏光板31射出。即,显示状态为黑显示。
另一方面,当对像素电极21施加显示电压时,会产生从像素电极21通过开缝S并朝向共通电极23的横方向电场。由平面观看时,该电场是与开缝S的长边方向垂直的电场,液晶分子的配向方向是以沿着该电场的电力线的方式旋转。此时,射入液晶40的直线偏光虽通过双折射形成椭圆偏光,但具有穿透偏光板31的直线偏光成分,此时的显示状态是白色显示。此外,关于FFS方式的液晶显示装置记载在专利文件1、2。
专利文件1:特开2001-183685号公报
专利文件2:特开2002-296611号公报
发明内容
一般而言,因电阻的影响造成对共通电极23的共通电位Vcom的提供不充分时,施加在液晶40的电压会减少,且会产生对比度下降等显示质量的劣化问题。共通电极23由ITO等透明电极所构成,薄膜电阻(sheet resistance)比通常的金属高,因此容易产生显示不良,特别是在液晶面板的尺寸变大时,此问题较为显著。因此,在现有的液晶显示装置中,为了充分地进行对共通电极23提供共通电位Vcom,在显示区域内设置用以提供共通电位Vcom的共通电极辅助线15,并在每像素连接共通电极23与共通电极辅助线15。
然而,在显示区域内设置共通电极辅助线15时,会有该配线部分成为遮光区域而使像素的开口率降低的问题。因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种可充分确保对共通电极提供共通电位,且提升像素的开口率以获得明亮显示的液晶显示装置。
本发明的液晶显示装置,具备:衬底;配置在前述衬底上的显示区域的多个像素;配置在前述显示区域的外周,且提供共通电位的外周共通电位线。各像素具备:像素电极;通过绝缘膜配置在该像素电极上,具有多个开缝,并跨越多个像素而配置的共通电极,前述共通电极的端部连接在前述外周共通电位线。
根据本发明的液晶显示装置,由于将共通电位从配置在显示区域的外周的外周共通电位线提供至共通电极,因此可省去显示区域内的共通电极辅助线并提升像素的开口率。而且,由于横跨多个像素而配置共通电极并与外周共通电位线相连接,因此能以低电阻充分地进行对共通电极提供共通电位。
附图说明
图1是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。
图2是沿着图1的X1-X1线的剖面图。
图3是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的第一配置图。
图4是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的第二配置图。
图5是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的第三配置图。
图6是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的第四配置图。
图7是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的第五配置图。
图8是第一实施方式的液晶显示装置的第六配置图。
图9是第二实施方式的液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。
图10是沿着图9的X2-X2线的剖面图。
图11是沿着图9的Y1-Y1线的剖面图。
图12是第三实施方式的液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。
图13是沿着图12的X3-X3线的剖面图。
图14是沿着图12的Y2-Y2线的剖面图。
图15是第四实施方式的液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。
图16是沿着图15的X4-X4线的剖面图。
图17是沿着图15的Y3-Y3线的剖面图。
图18是现有的液晶显示装置的构造及制造方法的说明图。
图19是现有的液晶显示装置的构造及制造方法的说明图。
图20是现有的液晶显示装置的构造及制造方法的说明图。
符号说明
1薄膜晶体管(TFT)    1a非晶硅TFT(Si-TFT)
10、100TFT衬底      11缓冲层
12有源层            12s源极区域
12d漏极区域           13、101栅极绝缘膜
14、114栅极线         15共通电极辅助线
16、104层间绝缘膜     17、103源极电极
18、118显示信号线     19垫电极
20平坦化膜            21、21B、121A、121B像素电极
22绝缘膜
23、23A、23B、123A、123B共通电极
30对向衬底            31、32偏光板
40液晶                50外周共通电位线
61显示信号线控制电路
62栅极线控制电路      70显示区域
102非晶硅层           119连接用配线
150外周共通电位线     Vcom共通电位
Vsig显示信号          CH1至CH15接触孔
S开缝
具体实施方式
第一实施方式
参照图示说明本发明第一实施方式的液晶显示装置。图1是液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。图2是沿着图1的X1-X1线的剖面图。在实际的液晶显示装置的显示区域70中,是以矩阵状配置许多个像素,但在这些图中仅显示三个像素。
像素电极21以第一层透明电极形成,在该像素电极21的上层隔着绝缘膜22形成有由第二层透明电极所形成的共通电极23A。再者,在上层的共通电极23A设有多个开缝S。以上各点是与现有例(参照图20)相同,但在本实施方式中,共通电极23A跨越显示区域70的全部像素。共通电极23A的端部连接至配置在显示区域70的外周且用以提供共通电位Vcom的外周共通电位线50。
其连接剖面构造是如图2所示,外周共通电位线50与显示信号线18等在相同的层形成,且由包含铝或铝合金的金属等所构成。外周共通电位线50形成在层间绝缘膜16上,且通过形成在层间绝缘膜16的上层的平坦化膜20及绝缘膜22的接触孔CH7,使上层的共通电极23A连接在外周共通电位线50。外周共通电位线50连接在TFT衬底10上未图示的端子,并通过该端子从TFT衬底10的外部的IC等提供共通电位Vcom。
再者,根据本实施方式的液晶显示装置,并未设置现有例的共通电极辅助线15、垫电极19。因此,像素的开口率会提升。而且,由于共通电极23A以横跨显示区域70的全部像素的方式一体化,且将其端部连接在外周共通电位线50,因此能以低电阻充分地进行对共通电极23A提供共通电位Vcom。
外周共通电位线50在图3的配置例中,沿着矩形的显示区域70的一边,配置在显示区域70的外周。为了以低电阻对共通电极23A提供共通电位Vcom,较佳的是如图4的配置例,沿着对向的两边配置外周共通电位线50,并连接各边的外周共通电位线50与共通电极23A的端部。此时,也可如图5的配置例,沿着邻接的两边配置外周共通电位线50。
为了以低电阻对共通电极23A提供共通电位Vcom,较佳的是如图6的配置例,沿着三边配置,或如图7所示沿着四边配置,并连接各边的外周共通电位线50与共通电极23A的端部。
然而,如图7所示在以外周共通电位线50包围显示区域70的配置中,必须将栅极线14和显示信号线18取出至外周共通电位线50之外。这是由于要分别将栅极线14和显示信号线18连接至信号源。
于是,外周共通电位线50与显示信号线18为相同层时,如图中以虚线包围的部分,为了防止外周共通电位线50与显示信号线18在交叉部的短路,必须局部变更任一的线层以形成桥接。例如,在交叉部中,将显示信号线18变更为与栅极线14同一层。关于栅极线14,由于与外周共通电位线50在不同的层,因此与外周共通电位线50交叉。
为了避免此种桥接与交叉,如图8所示将作为信号源的电路配置在以外周共通电位线50所包围的空间中即可。即,在显示区域70与外周共通电位线50之间的空间中配置用以将显示信号提供至显示信号线18的显示信号线控制电路61、及用以将栅极信号提供至栅极线14的栅极线控制电路62。
第二实施方式
参照图示说明本发明第二实施方式的液晶显示装置。图9是液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。图10是沿着图9的X2-X2线的剖面图。图11是沿着图9的Y1-Y1线的剖面图。在实际的液晶显示装置的显示区域中,以矩阵状配置许多个像素,但在这些图中仅显示三个像素。
本实施方式是使第一实施方式的像素电极21与共通电极23A的上下配置关系反转,共通电极23B以第一层透明电极形成,在该共通电极23B的上层隔着绝缘膜22以第二层透明电极形成像素电极21B。再者,在上层的像素电极21B设有多个开缝S。
在该像素的构成中,也是通过使横方向电场产生在像素电极21B与共通电极23B之间,并控制液晶分子的配向方向,即可获得广视角的液晶显示。
像素电极21B依每像素被分割,且连接至各像素的TFT1的源极电极17。共通电极23B与第一实施方式同样地,横跨显示区域70的全部像素。共通电极23B的端部连接至配置在显示区域70的外周、且用以提供共通电位Vcom的外周共通电位线50。
其连接剖面构造如图10所示,外周共通电位线50与显示信号线18等在相同的层形成,且由包含铝或铝合金的金属等所构成。外周共通电位线50形成在层间绝缘膜16上,且通过形成在层间绝缘膜16的上层的平坦化膜20的接触孔CH8,使共通电极23B连接在外周共通电位线50。外周共通电位线50连接在TFT衬底10上的未图示的端子,并通过该端子从TFT衬底10的外部的IC等提供共通电位Vcom。
关于其它构成,与第一实施方式完全相同。即,外周共通电位线50、共通电极23B的配置可适用图3至图8的配置,且可获得相同的效果。
第三实施方式
参照图示说明本发明第三实施方式的液晶显示装置。在第一、第二实施方式中,像素内的TFT1是有源层由多晶硅所形成的多晶硅TFT,但在本实施方式中取代上述多晶硅TFT而使用有源层由非晶硅所形成的非晶硅TFT 1a(以下,称为aSi-TFT 1a)。
图12是第三实施方式的液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。图13是沿着图12的X3-X3线的剖面图。图14是沿着图12的Y2-Y2线的剖面图。在实际的液晶显示装置的显示区域中,以矩阵状配置许多个像素,但在这些图中仅显示三个像素。
在TFT衬底100上形成有aSi-TFT1a的栅极线114。栅极线114由铬、钼等构成。在除了栅极线114的区域,以条状形成有横跨多个像素而延伸的共通电极123B。共通电极123B由ITO等的第一层透明电极所形成。而且,以覆盖栅极线114、共通电极123B的方式形成栅极绝缘膜101。在栅极绝缘膜101上,以覆盖栅极线114的方式形成有非晶硅层102。再者,与非晶硅层102接触而形成有显示信号线118(漏极电极)和源极电极103。
在整面形成有层间绝缘膜104,且对源极电极103上的层间绝缘膜104局部地进行蚀刻,而形成有接触孔CH12。通过该接触孔CH12而形成有连接在源极电极103的像素电极121B。像素电极121B由ITO等的第二层透明电极所形成,且具有多个开缝S。此外像素电极121B隔着栅极绝缘膜101和层间绝缘膜104形成在共通电极123B上。
在利用该aSi-TFT1a的像素的构成中,也是通过使横方向电场产生在像素电极121B与共通电极123B之间,并控制液晶分子的配向方向,即可获得广视角的液晶显示。
再者,共通电极123B的端部连接至配置在显示区域70的外周、且用以提供共通电位Vcom的外周共通电位线150。其连接剖面构造如图13所示,外周共通电位线150与显示信号线118等在相同的层形成,且由包含铝或铝合金的金属等所构成。外周共通电位线150形成在栅极绝缘膜101上。而且,穿过形成在共通电极123B上的栅极绝缘膜101及层间绝缘膜104的接触孔CH13、形成在外周共通电位线150上的层间绝缘膜104的接触孔CH14,通过以第二层透明电极所构成的连接用配线119,将共通电极123B与外周共通电位线150连接。
外周共通电位线150是连接在TFT衬底100上的未图示的端子,并通过该端子从TFT衬底100的外部的IC等提供共通电位Vcom。
再者,在与TFT衬底100相对向而设有对向衬底、且在TFT衬底100与对向衬底之间封入有液晶等方面,与第一、第二实施方式相同,故省略其详细说明。
根据本实施方式的液晶显示装置,与第一、第二实施方式相同,并未设置共通电极辅助线15、垫电极19。因此,像素的开口率会提升。而且,共通电极123B以横跨显示区域70的全部像素的方式一体化。由于将其端部连接在外周共通电位线150,因此能以低电阻充分地进行对共通电极123B提供共通电位Vcom。此外,外周共通电位线150、共通电极123B的配置同样地可适用图3至图8的配置,且可获得相同的效果。
第四实施方式
参照图示说明本発明第四实施方式的液晶显示装置。图15是该液晶显示装置的显示区域的一部分的平面图。图16是沿着图15的X4-X4线的剖面图。图16是沿着图15的Y3-Y3线的剖面图。在实际的液晶显示装置的显示区域中,以矩阵状配置许多个像素,但在这些图中仅显示三个像素。
本实施方式是使第三实施方式的液晶显示装置的像素电极121B与共通电极123B的上下配置关系反转,像素电极121A以第一层透明电极形成,在该像素电极121A的上层隔着栅极绝缘膜101与层间绝缘膜104以第二层透明电极形成共通电极123A。再者,在上层的共通电极123A设有多个开缝S。
再者,共通电极123A的端部连接至配置在显示区域70的外周、且用以提供共通电位Vcom的外周共通电位线150。其连接剖面构造是如图16所示,外周共通电位线150与显示信号线118等在相同的层形成,且由包含铝或铝合金的金属等所构成。外周共通电位线150形成在栅极绝缘膜101上。而且,通过形成在外周共通电位线150上的层间绝缘膜104的接触孔CH15,将共通电极123A与外周共通电位线150连接。
在第一至第四实施方式的液晶显示装置中,共通电极23A、123A的开缝S形成在一个像素内,但开缝S也可横跨多个像素而连接。且像素电极21B、121B也可为开缝S的一方端部开口的梳齿形状。

Claims (10)

1.一种液晶显示装置,具备:
衬底;
配置在前述衬底上的显示区域的多个像素;
配置在前述显示区域的外周,且被提供有共通电位的外周共通电位线;并且
各像素具备:像素电极;及通过绝缘膜而配置在该像素电极上,且具有多个开缝,并跨越多个像素而配置的共通电极;
前述共通电极的端部连接在前述外周共通电位线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置,其中,前述外周共通电位线配置在前述开缝的长度方向与外周边所形成的角的夹角较大侧的外周边。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置,其中,前述外周共通电位线包围显示区域,且在前述显示区域与前述外周共通电位线之间的空间配置有对前述像素提供显示信号的显示信号线控制电路、或对前述像素提供栅极信号的栅极线控制电路。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置,其中,前述外周共通电位线与对前述像素提供显示信号的显示信号线为同一层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置,其中,在前述像素电极连接有像素选择用的薄膜晶体管。
6.一种液晶显示装置,具备:
衬底;
配置在前述衬底上的显示区域的多个像素;
配置在前述显示区域的外周,且被提供有共通电位的外周共通电位线;并且
各像素具备:跨越多个像素而配置的共通电极;及通过绝缘膜而配置在该共通电极上,且具有多个开缝的像素电极;
前述共通电极的端部连接在前述外周共通电位线。
7.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示装置,其中,前述外周共通电位线配置在前述开缝的长度方向与外周边所形成的角的夹角较大侧的外周边。
8.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示装置,其中,前述外周共通电位线包围显示区域,且在前述显示区域与前述外周共通电位线之间的空间配置有对前述像素提供显示信号的显示信号线控制电路、或对前述像素提供栅极信号的栅极线控制电路。
9.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示装置,其中,前述外周共通电位线与对前述像素提供显示信号的显示信号线为同一层。
10.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示装置,其中,在前述像素电极连接有像素选择用的薄膜晶体管。
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