WO2006134724A1 - 超高純度銅及びその製造方法並びに超高純度銅からなるボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
超高純度銅及びその製造方法並びに超高純度銅からなるボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006134724A1 WO2006134724A1 PCT/JP2006/308521 JP2006308521W WO2006134724A1 WO 2006134724 A1 WO2006134724 A1 WO 2006134724A1 JP 2006308521 W JP2006308521 W JP 2006308521W WO 2006134724 A1 WO2006134724 A1 WO 2006134724A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to ultra-high purity copper of 8N (99.999999wt%) or more that can be thinned without breaking, a manufacturing method thereof, and a bonding wire having ultra-high purity copper.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 Conventionally, a gold wire has been used as a bonding wire for electrical connection between a silicon chip as a semiconductor element and a lead frame.
- gold wires have been proposed to be replaced with copper wires because of their high price and inferior strength compared to copper (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- High-purity copper is characterized by low recrystallization temperature and softness, almost no brittleness in the intermediate temperature range and good workability, and low electrical resistance and high thermal conductivity at extremely low temperatures!
- One of the features is that the characteristics are improved by the addition of trace amounts of elemental additives and that the effects of the characteristics of impurity contamination are extremely large.
- bonding wires for semiconductor elements are used.
- copper wire also has some drawbacks. For example, copper wire is oxidized when the ball on the tip is formed, and the ball shape deteriorates immediately. Also, the ball is hard and the silicon chip may be damaged. There were problems such as being.
- the above ball formation problems can be overcome by using a protective atmosphere (reducing or inert atmosphere), and with regard to hardness, by removing impurities and using 4N-6N copper level, There is a proposal to soften.
- a protective atmosphere reducing or inert atmosphere
- 4N-6N copper level There is a proposal to soften.
- Non-Patent Document 1 "Practical Technology for Copper Wire Bonding” (No. 42 ⁇ 1989) 77-80
- Non-Patent Document 2 "Development of Copper Bonding Wire” Electronics Special Feature ( ⁇ .10, 1991-1
- Patent Document 1 JP-A 61-251062
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-61-255045
- Patent Document 3 JP-A 62-104061
- Patent Document 4 JP-A 62-20858
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-22469
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-89348
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-127436
- Patent Document 8 JP-A 62-216238
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-127438
- Patent Document 10 JP 63-3424
- Patent Document 11 JP-A 63-56924
- Patent Document 12 JP-A 63-72858
- Patent Document 13 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-3424
- Patent Document 14 JP-A 63-236338
- Patent Document 15 JP-A-3-291340
- Patent Document 16 JP-A-4-247630
- Patent Document 17 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-174057
- the object of the present invention is to obtain a copper material that can be adapted to the above-mentioned thinning (drawing).
- Conventional high purity copper which has a very high purity of copper, has achieved a certain degree of softness by reducing impurities as much as possible.
- the present invention has attempted to further improve the purity of high-purity copper of 5N-6N level.
- a technology for efficiently producing ultra-high purity copper with a purity of 8N (99.999999wt%) or higher and provided the extremely soft ultra-high purity copper obtained by that technology, which enables particularly fine wires
- a bonding wire for a semiconductor element that prevents generation of silicon cracks during bonding, suppresses heat generation due to low resistance of the wire, and prevents oxidation during heating. It is aimed at.
- each elemental power of 0, S, and P, which are gas components is 1 wtppm or less.
- These gas components (impurities) form a compound with Cu and precipitate in Cu as a different phase.
- This heterogeneous precipitate precipitates in the ultra-high-purity copper, which is very trivial, and is the starting point of fracture.
- Cu hardens cracks are likely to occur in silicon during bonding. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the gas component as much as possible.
- the ultra-high purity copper of the present invention can have a recrystallization temperature of 200 ° C. or lower, and can be annealed at a low temperature during a manufacturing process such as wire drawing, thereby increasing the hardness. It can be further reduced.
- fine wires can be formed, and soft ultra-pure copper suitable as a bonding wire can be obtained.
- the ultra high purity copper of the present invention is produced using an electrolytic solution such as a copper nitrate solution to which hydrochloric acid is added, and electrolysis is performed by two-stage electrolysis. Circulate the electrolyte. Temporarily set the temperature of the circulating liquid to 10 ° C or lower, deposit AgCl impurities, etc., remove it with a filter, and make the electrolyte further improved in purity.
- the electrolysis temperature is 10 to 70 ° C. In this way, high purity copper of 8N or more can be obtained by performing electrolysis twice or more.
- the electrolysis temperature force is less than S10 ° C, impurities such as oxygen increase and the deposited Cu becomes brittle. It is not preferable because evaporation of the electrolytic solution causes a large loss. Therefore, the electrolysis temperature is preferably 10 to 70 ° C.
- the heating atmosphere must be a strict Ar + H atmosphere.
- Electrolysis is performed by two-stage electrolysis using an electrolytic solution made of a copper nitrate solution using a copper plate of 4N level as a anode and a copper plate as a force sword. Since only a 5 to 7N level of purity can be obtained in one stage, two or more stages of electrolysis are required.
- the copper raw material (4N) is mainly rich in 0, P, and S.
- Electrolysis is then carried out at a pH of 0 to 4 and a current density of 0.1 to 10 A / dm 2 . Circulate the electrolyte, cool the electrolyte in the circuit with a cooler to a temperature of 10 ° C or less, deposit AgCl, and remove this AgCl using a filter. As a result, it is possible to obtain high purity copper of 5N-6N level.
- this 5N-6N level copper is used for electrolysis again under the same electrolysis conditions as above. Similarly, circulate the electrolyte, cool the electrolyte in the circuit with a cooler to a temperature of 10 ° C or less, deposit AgCl, etc., and remove this AgCl, etc. using a filter.
- electrodeposited copper (deposited on a force sword) having a purity of 8N or more is obtained. That is, it is 8N (99.999999wt%) or more excluding gas components, and all metal components as impurities can be made 0. Olwtppm or less.
- the electrodeposited copper obtained by electrolysis can be subjected to vacuum melting such as electron beam melting. This vacuum dissolution can effectively remove alkali metals such as Na and K, other volatile impurities, and gas components such as C1. By degassing with reducing gas as necessary, gas components can be further removed and reduced.
- the ultra-high purity copper of 8N or more manufactured as described above satisfies the condition of hardness 40Hv or less, and the recrystallization temperature can be 200 ° C or less.
- Electrolysis was performed using a 4N level massive copper raw material as an anode and a copper plate as a force sword.
- Table 1 shows the content of impurities in the raw materials.
- the copper raw material (4N) mainly contained a large amount of 0, P, and S.
- Table 1 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at this impurity level.
- the hardness at the 4N level was 45 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature was 450 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be thinned was 200 m. This level of wire was hard during bonding and had many cracks in the silicon.
- a nitric acid electrolyte having a bath temperature of 30 ° C. was used, and further lml / L of hydrochloric acid was added. Electrolysis was then performed at pH l.3 and a current density lA / dm 2 .
- the electrolyte was circulated, and the electrolyte in the circulation path was temporarily lowered to a temperature of 2 ° C with a cooler, and the deposited AgCl and the like were removed using a filter.
- Table 1 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at the impurity level of 6N copper.
- the hardness of 6N copper was 42Hv, and the recrystallization temperature dropped to 230 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be fine-wired was 40 m. At the time of bonding (bonding), some cracks occurred in the silicon, although not as much as 4NCu.
- this 6N level copper was used for re-electrolysis under the same electrolysis conditions as described above. Similarly, the electrolyte solution was circulated, and the electrolyte solution in the circulation path was temporarily lowered to a temperature of 0 ° C. with a cooler, and the precipitated AgCl and the like were removed using a filter. As a result, as shown in Table 1, 9N level ultra-high purity copper was obtained. Table 1 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at the impurity level of 9N copper. The hardness was 38 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature dropped to 150 ° C. In addition, the diameter of the wire that can be fine-wired was 2 m, which was remarkably improved. At the time of bonding, there were no silicon cracks. In Example 1, all the conditions that the hardness was 40 Hv or less and the recrystallization temperature was 200 ° C. or less were satisfied.
- Electrolysis was performed using a 4N level massive copper raw material as an anode and a copper plate as a force sword.
- Table 2 shows the content of impurities in the raw materials.
- the copper raw material (4N) mainly contained a large amount of 0, P, and S.
- Table 2 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at this impurity level.
- the hardness at the 4N level was 47 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature was 450 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be thinned was 200 ⁇ m.
- a bath temperature of 25 ° C and a nitric acid-based electrolyte were used, and further lml / L of hydrochloric acid was added. Electrolysis was then performed at pH 2.0 and a current density of 1.5 A / dm 2 .
- the electrolytic solution was circulated, and the electrolytic solution in the circulation circuit was temporarily lowered to a temperature of 5 ° C. with a cooler in the same manner as in Example 1, and precipitated AgCl and the like were removed using a filter.
- high-purity copper of 5N5 level was obtained.
- Table 2 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at the impurity level of 5N5 copper.
- the hardness of 5N5 copper was 43 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature decreased to 280 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be thinned was 50 ⁇ m.
- Electrolysis was performed at an electrolyte temperature of 20 ° C. Similarly, the electrolytic solution is circulated and the electrolytic solution in the circulation path is cooled. The temperature was temporarily lowered to 3 ° C. and the precipitated AgCl and the like were removed using a filter. As a result, as shown in Table 2, ultra high purity copper of 8N level was obtained.
- Table 2 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature of 8N copper at the impurity level.
- the hardness was 40 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature dropped to 180 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be fine-lined is 5 m, which is a significant improvement.
- Example 2 all the conditions that the hardness was 40 Hv or less and the recrystallization temperature was 200 ° C. or less were satisfied.
- Electrolysis was performed using a 4N level massive copper raw material as an anode and a copper plate as a force sword.
- Table 3 shows the content of impurities in the raw materials.
- the copper raw material (4N) mainly contained a large amount of 0, P, and S.
- Table 3 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at this impurity level.
- the hardness at the 4N level was 45 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature was 450 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be thinned was 200 ⁇ m.
- a bath temperature of 20 ° C and a nitric acid-based electrolyte were used, and further lml / L of hydrochloric acid was added. Electrolysis was then performed at pH l.3 and a current density lA / dm 2 . The electrolyte was circulated but not cooled, and used as it was. As a result, as shown in Table 3, high purity copper of 4N5 level was obtained. Table 3 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at the impurity level of 4N5 copper. The hardness of 4N5 copper was 44Hv, and the recrystallization temperature did not decrease much at 430 ° C. In addition, the diameter of the wire that can be thinned was 150 ⁇ m, but it was not very effective.
- this 4N5 level copper was used for re-electrolysis under the same electrolysis conditions as described above. According to this As shown in Table 3, 5N level ultra-high purity copper was obtained.
- Table 3 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at the impurity level of 5N copper.
- the hardness was 43Hv, a high hardness, and the recrystallization temperature was 420 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be fine-wired was 120 ⁇ m, which was not sufficient.
- Comparative Example 1 does not satisfy the conditions of the present invention in which the hardness is 40 Hv or less or the recrystallization temperature is 200 ° C. or less, and the soft wire is sufficient for the fine wire of the bonding wire. There wasn't. In addition, there were many cracks in the silicon under the A1 pad during heat bonding.
- Electrolysis was performed using a 4N level massive copper raw material as an anode and a copper plate as a force sword.
- Table 4 shows the content of impurities in the raw materials.
- the copper raw material (4N) mainly contained a large amount of 0, P, and S.
- Table 4 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at this impurity level.
- the hardness at the 4N level was 45 Hv, and the recrystallization temperature was 450 ° C.
- the diameter of the wire that can be thinned was 200 ⁇ m.
- a bath temperature of 35 ° C and a nitric acid-based electrolyte were used, and hydrochloric acid lml / L was further added. Electrolysis was then performed at pH 1.3 and a current density of lA / dm 2 . The electrolyte was only circulated. As a result, as shown in Table 4, 4N5 level high-purity copper was obtained. Table 4 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature at the impurity level of 4N5 copper. The hardness of 4N5 copper was 44Hv, and the recrystallization temperature dropped to 430 ° C. In addition, the diameter of the wire that can be fine-wired was 150 m.
- this 4N5 level copper was used for re-electrolysis under the same electrolysis conditions as described above. Also circulation The electrolyte in the road was temporarily brought to a temperature of 15 ° C with a cooler, and the deposited AgCl and the like were removed using a filter. As a result, as shown in Table 4, 6N level ultra-high purity copper was obtained. Table 4 shows the hardness and recrystallization temperature of 6N copper at the impurity level. The hardness was 42 Hv, a high hardness, and the recrystallization temperature was 230 ° C. Also, the diameter of the wire that can be fine-wired was 40 m, which was not sufficient.
- Comparative Example 2 does not satisfy the conditions of the present invention in which the hardness is 40 Hv or less or the recrystallization temperature is 200 ° C. or less, and the soft wire is sufficient for the fine wire of the bonding wire. There wasn't. In addition, cracks were observed in the silicon under the A1 pad during heat bonding.
- the present invention has a remarkable effect that it is possible to efficiently produce ultra-high purity copper having a purity of 8N (99.999999wt%) or more.
- this makes it possible to obtain a copper material that can be adapted to thinning (drawing wire) by reducing the hardness.
- a fine wire of a bonding wire for a semiconductor element can be realized.
- it has excellent effects of preventing generation of silicon cracks during bonding, suppressing heat generation due to the low resistance of the filler, and further preventing oxidation during heating.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wire Bonding (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP06745599.8A EP1903119B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2006-04-24 | A method of manufacturing high purity copper |
JP2007521216A JP4750112B2 (ja) | 2005-06-15 | 2006-04-24 | 超高純度銅及びその製造方法並びに超高純度銅からなるボンディングワイヤ |
US11/915,628 US20090272466A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 | 2006-04-24 | Ultrahigh-Purity Copper and Process for Producing the Same, and Bonding Wire Comprising Ultrahigh-Purity Copper |
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JP2005174896 | 2005-06-15 | ||
JP2005-174896 | 2005-06-15 |
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WO2006134724A1 true WO2006134724A1 (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
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PCT/JP2006/308521 WO2006134724A1 (ja) | 2005-06-15 | 2006-04-24 | 超高純度銅及びその製造方法並びに超高純度銅からなるボンディングワイヤ |
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US (1) | US20090272466A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1903119B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4750112B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR20100087780A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100567532C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200643192A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006134724A1 (ja) |
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PRACTICAL APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY OF COPPER WIRE BONDING, no. 42, 1989, pages 77 - 80 |
See also references of EP1903119A4 * |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1903119A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
JPWO2006134724A1 (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
CN101198711A (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
TW200643192A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
TWI315349B (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
CN100567532C (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
EP1903119A4 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP1903119B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
US20090272466A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
EP2845915A1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
KR20080017369A (ko) | 2008-02-26 |
KR101006035B1 (ko) | 2011-01-06 |
JP4750112B2 (ja) | 2011-08-17 |
KR20100087780A (ko) | 2010-08-05 |
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