WO2016111173A1 - 超伝導安定化材、超伝導線及び超伝導コイル - Google Patents
超伝導安定化材、超伝導線及び超伝導コイル Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/04—Single wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49014—Superconductor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting stabilizer used for a superconducting wire, a superconducting wire provided with the superconducting stabilizer, and a superconducting coil comprising the superconducting wire.
- the above-mentioned superconducting wire is used in fields such as MRI, NMR, particle accelerator, linear motor car, and power storage device.
- This superconducting wire has a multi-core structure in which a plurality of strands made of a superconductor such as Nb—Ti alloy and Nb 3 Sn are bundled with a superconducting stabilizer interposed.
- a tape-shaped superconducting wire in which a superconductor and a superconducting stabilizer are laminated is also provided.
- the above-described superconducting stabilizer is required to have a sufficiently low resistance at extremely low temperatures in order to efficiently bypass current.
- Residual resistance ratio (RRR) is widely used as an index indicating electric resistance at extremely low temperatures.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is a ratio ⁇ 293K / ⁇ 4.2K with resistor [rho 4.2 K at room temperature resistance at (293K) ⁇ 293K and the liquid helium temperature (4.2 K), the residual resistance The higher the ratio (RRR), the better the performance as a superconducting stabilizer.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a Cu material having a high residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- Patent Document 1 proposes high-purity copper having a very low impurity concentration that defines the content of specific elements (Fe, P, Al, As, Sn, and S).
- Patent Document 2 proposes a Cu alloy obtained by adding a small amount of Zr to high-purity copper having a low oxygen concentration.
- JP 2011-236484 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-025565
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is a superconducting stabilizer that can be manufactured at a relatively simple and inexpensive manufacturing process and has a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR). It is an object of the present invention to provide a superconducting wire provided with a material and a superconducting coil comprising the superconducting wire.
- the superconducting stabilizer according to the first aspect of the present invention is a superconducting stabilizer used for a superconducting wire, wherein Ca, One or two or more additive elements selected from La and Ce are contained within a total range of 3 mass ppm to 400 mass ppm, the remainder being Cu and inevitable impurities, and O being a gas component , H, C, N, and S are made of a copper material in which the total concentration of the inevitable impurities is 5 mass ppm or more and 100 mass ppm or less.
- the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components is added to copper having a mass concentration of 5 ppm to 100 ppm.
- La and Ce contain one or more additive elements in a total range of 3 to 400 ppm by mass, so S, Se and Te in copper are fixed as compounds
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be improved.
- the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components is made of copper having a mass of 5 mass ppm or more and 100 mass ppm or less, excessively high purity of copper can be achieved. This eliminates the need for the manufacturing process, simplifies the manufacturing process, and reduces manufacturing costs.
- the content of Fe as the inevitable impurities is 10 mass ppm or less
- the content of Ni is 10 mass ppm or less
- the content of As is 5 mass ppm or less
- Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less
- Sn content is 4 mass ppm or less
- Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less
- Pb content is 6 mass ppm or less
- Bi content is It is preferable that 2 mass ppm or less and the P content be 3 mass ppm or less.
- elements of specific impurities such as Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and P have an action of reducing the residual resistance ratio (RRR). Therefore, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be reliably improved by defining the contents of these elements as described above.
- the total content (X mass ppm) of S, Se, Te and one or more selected from Ca, La, Ce are used. It is preferable that the ratio Y / X to the total content (Y mass ppm) of the additive elements is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ Y / X ⁇ 100. In this case, the ratio Y between the total content (X mass ppm) of S, Se, and Te and the total content (Y mass ppm) of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce. Since / X is within the above range, S, Se, Te in copper can be reliably fixed as a compound with one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, Ce. It is possible to reliably suppress a decrease in the residual resistance ratio (RRR) due to S, Se, and Te.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce and one or more elements selected from S, Se, and Te are used. It is preferable that a compound containing two or more elements is present.
- S, Se, and Te present in copper are securely fixed by a compound with one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce, and are based on S, Se, and Te.
- a decrease in the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be reliably suppressed.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is preferably 250 or more.
- the resistance value at extremely low temperature is sufficiently low, and the current can be sufficiently bypassed when the superconducting state of the superconductor is broken. It is particularly excellent as a superconducting stabilizer.
- the superconducting stabilizer according to the first aspect of the present invention is preferably manufactured by a continuous casting and rolling method. In this case, since casting and rolling are carried out continuously, it is possible to obtain a long superconducting stabilizer with high production efficiency.
- the superconducting wire according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized by comprising a strand containing a superconductor and the superconducting stabilizing material according to the first aspect described above.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- the superconducting coil according to the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that it has a structure including a winding portion in which the superconducting wire according to the second aspect described above is wound around the peripheral surface of the winding frame. Yes.
- the superconducting wire provided with the superconducting stabilizer having a high residual resistance ratio (RRR) is used, so that it can be used stably. .
- the manufacturing process is relatively simple and inexpensive, and the superconducting stabilizer having a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR), the superconducting wire including the superconducting stabilizer, and the A superconducting coil comprising a superconducting wire can be provided.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- the superconducting wire 10 in the present embodiment is disposed on a core portion 11, a plurality of filaments 12 disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core portion 11, and an outer peripheral side of the plurality of filaments 12. And an outer shell portion 13.
- the filament 12 described above has a structure in which a strand 15 made of a superconductor is covered with a superconducting stabilizer 20 while being in electrical contact, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Yes. That is, the strand 15 made of a superconductor and the superconducting stabilizer 20 are in a state where electricity can be conducted.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 is formed from a superconductor when the superconducting state is broken and a normal conduction region A is generated in a part of the strand 15 made of a superconductor. The current I flowing through the element wire 15 is temporarily bypassed.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 contains one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce within a total range of 3 ppm to 400 ppm by mass.
- the balance is made of copper and inevitable impurities, and the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, is made of a copper material of 5 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm. ing.
- the copper material constituting the superconducting stabilizer 20 has a content of Fe, which is an inevitable impurity, of 10 ppm by mass or less, a content of Ni of 10 ppm by mass or less, and a content of As of 5 Mass ppm or less, Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less, Sn content is 4 mass ppm or less, Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less, Pb content is 6 mass ppm or less, Bi content is 2 The mass ppm or less and the P content are 3 mass ppm or less.
- the total content (X mass ppm) of S, Se, Te and one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, Ce are used.
- the ratio Y / X with respect to the total content (Y mass ppm) is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ Y / X ⁇ 100.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 In the superconducting stabilizer 20 according to the present embodiment, one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce and one or two elements selected from S, Se, and Te are used. There are compounds containing the above elements. Furthermore, in the superconducting stabilizer 20 according to the present embodiment, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is 250 or more.
- One or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce Of the inevitable impurities contained in copper, S, Se, and Te are elements that greatly reduce the residual resistance ratio (RRR) by being dissolved in copper. For this reason, in order to improve the residual resistance ratio (RRR), it is necessary to eliminate the influence of these S, Se, and Te.
- one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce are elements that are highly reactive with S, Se, and Te, so that S, Se, and Te and a compound are generated. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the solid solution of these S, Se, and Te in copper. Thereby, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be sufficiently improved.
- one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce are elements that are difficult to dissolve in copper, and even if they are dissolved in copper, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is lowered. Since the action is small, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is not greatly reduced even when it is added excessively with respect to the contents of S, Se, and Te.
- the content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce is less than 3 ppm by mass, the effect of fixing S, Se, and Te may not be sufficiently achieved. There is.
- the content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce exceeds 400 mass ppm, coarse precipitates of these additive elements are generated and workability deteriorates. There is a fear.
- the content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce is specified within a range of 3 mass ppm to 400 mass ppm.
- the lower limit of the content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, Ce should be 3.5 ppm by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce is preferably set to 300 mass ppm or less. More preferably, it is not more than mass ppm.
- the concentration of inevitable impurities excluding gas components (O, H, C, N, S) is set in a range of 5 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm in total.
- the raw material has a purity of 99 to 99.9999 mass%.
- High-purity copper or oxygen-free copper (C10100, C10200) can be used.
- the O concentration is preferably 20 ppm by mass or less, and more preferably 10 ppm or less. More preferably, it is 5 mass ppm or less.
- the lower limit of inevitable impurities is preferably 7 mass ppm or more, and more preferably 10 mass ppm or more.
- the upper limit of inevitable impurities is preferably 90 mass ppm or less, and more preferably 80 mass ppm or less.
- the inevitable impurities in this embodiment are Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, P, Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Sc. , Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ru, Pd, Cd, In, I, Cs, Ba, rare earth elements (La, Except for Ce), Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Th, U.
- the Fe content is 10 mass ppm or less
- the Ni content is 10 mass ppm or less
- the As content is 5 mass ppm or less
- the Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less
- the Sn content is The amount is 4 mass ppm or less
- the Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less
- the Pb content is 6 mass ppm or less
- the Bi content is 2 mass ppm or less
- the P content is 3 mass ppm or less.
- the Fe content is 4.5 mass ppm or less, the Ni content is 3 mass ppm or less, and the As content is 3 mass ppm.
- the Ag content is 38 mass ppm or less
- the Sn content is 3 mass ppm or less
- the Sb content is 1.5 mass ppm or less
- the Pb content is 4.5 mass ppm or less
- the Bi content Is preferably 1.5 mass ppm or less
- the P content is preferably 1.5 mass ppm or less.
- the Fe content is 3.3 mass ppm or less, and the Ni content is 2.2 mass.
- ppm or less As content 2.2 mass ppm or less, Ag content 28 mass ppm or less, Sn content 2.2 mass ppm or less, Sb content 1.1 mass ppm or less, Pb Content of 3.3 mass ppm or less, Bi content
- the amount of 1.1 mass ppm or less it is preferable to define the content of P below 1.1 mass ppm.
- the lower limit of content of Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and P is 0 mass ppm.
- the Fe content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- the Ni content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- the As content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Ag content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Sn content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Sb content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Pb content is 0.00. It is preferable that the content is 1 mass ppm or more, the Bi content is 0.1 mass ppm or more, and the P content is 0.1 mass ppm or more, but is not limited thereto.
- one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce generate compounds such as S, Se, and Te.
- the ratio Y / X of the total content of S, Se, Te (X mass ppm) and the total content of additive elements (Y mass ppm) is less than 0.5, the content of additive elements is insufficient. , S, Se, Te may not be sufficiently fixed.
- the ratio Y / X of the total content of S, Se, Te and the total content of additive elements exceeds 100, there will be many surplus additive elements that do not react with S, Se, Te, There is a possibility that the workability is lowered.
- the ratio Y / X between the total content of S, Se, and Te and the total content of additive elements is defined within the range of 0.5 to 100.
- the lower limit of the ratio Y / X between the total content of S, Se, and Te and the total content of additive elements is 0.75 or more. It is preferable to set it to 1.0 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio Y / X of the total content of S, Se, and Te to the total content of additive elements is preferably 75 or less, and 50 or less. More preferably.
- the total content of S, Se, and Te in the superconducting stabilizer 20 is preferably more than 0 ppm by mass and 25 ppm by mass or less, but is not limited thereto.
- a compound containing one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce and an element such as S, Se, and Te exists at a number density of 0.001 / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be reliably improved.
- the number density of the compounds is preferably 0.005 / ⁇ m 2 or more. More preferably, it is 0.007 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the number density described above is intended for compounds having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the number density of the above-described compound is 0.1 piece / ⁇ m 2 or less. More preferably, it is 0.09 / ⁇ m 2 or less. More preferably, it is 0.08 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is 250 or more, the resistance value is low and the current can be well bypassed at an extremely low temperature.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is preferably 280 or more, and more preferably 300 or more. More preferably, it is 400 or more.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is preferably 10,000 or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 according to the present embodiment is manufactured by a manufacturing process including a melt casting process, a plastic working process, and a heat treatment process.
- a manufacturing process including a melt casting process, a plastic working process, and a heat treatment process.
- the rough drawn copper wire having the composition shown in the present embodiment is manufactured by a continuous casting and rolling method (for example, SCR method) or the like, and the superconducting stabilizing material 20 according to the present embodiment is manufactured using this as a raw material. Good.
- the production efficiency of the superconducting stabilizer 20 according to the present embodiment is improved, and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
- the continuous casting and rolling method used here refers to, for example, manufacturing copper roughing wire using a continuous casting and rolling facility equipped with a belt-wheel type continuous casting machine and a continuous rolling device, and using this copper roughing wire as a raw material, It is a process of manufacturing a wire.
- the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, is 5 mass ppm or more and 100.
- one or two or more kinds of additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce are contained in a total of not less than 3 ppm by mass and not more than 400 ppm by mass.
- S, Se, and Te are fixed as compounds, and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be improved.
- the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components is made of copper having a mass of 5 mass ppm or more and 100 mass ppm or less, excessively high purity of copper can be achieved. This eliminates the need for the manufacturing process, simplifies the manufacturing process, and reduces manufacturing costs.
- the Fe content is 10 mass ppm or less for the content of Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and P affecting the residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- the content is 10 mass ppm or less, the As content is 5 mass ppm or less, the Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less, the Sn content is 4 mass ppm or less, the Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less, and Pb Since the content is defined as 6 mass ppm or less, the Bi content is 2 mass ppm or less, and the P content is 3 mass ppm or less, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer 20 is surely determined. It becomes possible to improve.
- the total content of S, Se, and Te (X mass ppm) and the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce (Y mass ppm) Y / X is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ Y / X ⁇ 100, so that S, Se, Te in copper can be reliably fixed as a compound with an additive element, and the residual A decrease in resistance ratio (RRR) can be reliably suppressed. Moreover, there are not many surplus additive elements which do not react with S, Se, and Te, and workability can be ensured.
- a compound containing one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce and one or more elements selected from S, Se, and Te is provided. Therefore, S, Se, Te present in copper is securely fixed by a compound with one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, Ce, and S, Se. , Te can reliably suppress a decrease in the residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is relatively high at 250 or more, the resistance value at an extremely low temperature is sufficiently low.
- the superconducting wire 10 which is this embodiment is equipped with the superconducting stabilizer 20 with a high residual resistance ratio (RRR) as mentioned above, the superconducting state is in the strand 15 which consists of a superconductor. Even when the torn normal conduction region A occurs, the current can be reliably diverted to the superconducting stabilizer 20 and can be used stably.
- the core part 11 and the outer shell part 13 constituting the superconducting wire 10 may also be made of a copper material having the same composition as that of the superconducting stabilizer 20 according to the present embodiment.
- the superconducting wire 10 having a structure in which a plurality of filaments 12 are bundled is described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a superconducting wire 110 having a structure in which a superconductor 115 and a superconducting stabilizer 120 are laminated on a tape-like base material 113 may be used.
- high-purity copper is melted using an electric furnace in a reducing gas atmosphere of N 2 + CO, and then a mother alloy of various additive elements and impurities is added to prepare a predetermined concentration and cast into a predetermined mold.
- a mother alloy of various additive elements and impurities is added to prepare a predetermined concentration and cast into a predetermined mold.
- an ingot having a diameter of 70 mm and a length of 150 mm was obtained.
- a square member having a cross-sectional dimension of 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm is cut out and hot-rolled at 850 ° C. to obtain a hot-rolled wire with a diameter of 8 mm, and a thin wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm is formed from the hot-rolled wire by cold rolling.
- Composition analysis Using the sample whose residual resistance ratio (RRR) was measured, component analysis was performed as follows. For elements other than gas components, glow discharge mass spectrometry was used when the content was less than 10 ppm by mass, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry was used when the content was 10 ppm or more. Moreover, the infrared absorption method was used for the analysis of S. The concentration of O was all 10 ppm by mass or less. For the analysis of O, an infrared absorption method was used.
- the major axis of the compound (the length of the straight line that can be drawn the longest in the grain under the condition that it does not contact the grain boundary in the middle) and the minor axis (the direction intersecting the major axis at right angles, do not touch the grain boundary in the middle) The average value of the length of the straight line that can be drawn the longest under the conditions).
- the number density (pieces / micrometer ⁇ 2 >) of the compound with a particle size of 0.1 micrometer or more was calculated
- Evaluation results are shown in Table 1. Further, (a) SEM observation result and (b) analysis result (EDX analysis result) of the compound of Invention Example 5 are shown in FIG. 4, and (a) SEM observation result and (b) analysis result of the compound of Invention Example 16 are shown in FIG. (EDX analysis result) is shown in FIG. 4 (b) and 5 (b) show the spectra of the compounds marked with “+” in FIGS. 4 (a) and 5 (a), respectively.
- Comparative Example 1 the total amount of inevitable impurities excluding gas components (O, H, C, N, S) exceeded 100 ppm by mass, and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) was 148, which was relatively low.
- Comparative Example 2 one or more additive elements selected from Ca, La, and Ce were not added, and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) was 157, which was relatively low.
- Comparative Example 3 the amount of Ca added was 1030 ppm by mass, exceeding the range of the present invention, and cracking occurred during plastic working. For this reason, residual resistance ratio (RRR) and structure
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) was 250 or more, which was confirmed to be particularly suitable as a superconducting stabilizer.
- FIG. 4 when Ca was added, a compound containing Ca and S was observed.
- FIG. 5 when La was added, a compound containing La and S was observed. From the above, according to the present invention, it was confirmed that the superconducting stabilizer can be provided with a relatively simple and inexpensive manufacturing process and a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- a superconducting stabilizer that has a relatively simple and inexpensive manufacturing process and has a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR), and a superconducting wire including the superconducting stabilizer.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年1月7日に、日本に出願された特願2015-001509号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この超伝導線は、Nb-Ti合金、Nb3Snなどの超伝導体からなる複数の素線を、超伝導安定化材を介在させて束ねた多芯構造を有している。また、超伝導体と超伝導安定化材とを積層したテープ状の超伝導線も提供されている。
特許文献1においては、特定の元素(Fe,P,Al,As,Sn及びS)の含有量を規定した不純物濃度が非常に低い高純度銅が提案されている。
また、特許文献2においては、酸素濃度の低い高純度銅にZrを微量添加したCu合金が提案されている。
ここで、特許文献1においては、特定の元素(Fe,P,Al,As,Sn及びS)の含有量を0.1ppm未満に限定しているが、これらの元素を0.1ppm未満にまで低減することは容易ではなく、やはり製造プロセスが複雑となるといった問題があった。
また、特許文献2においては、酸素及びZrの含有量を規定しているが、酸素及びZrの含有量を制御することは難しく、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する銅合金を安定して製造することが困難であるといった問題があった。
また、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下とされた銅を用いているので、過度に銅の高純度化を図る必要がなく、製造プロセスが簡易となり、製造コストを低減することができる。
不可避不純物の中でも、Fe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,Pといった特定不純物の元素は、残留抵抗比(RRR)を低下させる作用を有している。そこで、これらの元素の含有量を上述のように規定することで、確実に残留抵抗比(RRR)を向上させることが可能となる。
この場合、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが上述の範囲内とされているので、銅中のS,Se,TeをCa,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素との化合物として確実に固定することができ、S,Se,Teによる残留抵抗比(RRR)の低下を確実に抑制することができる。
この場合、銅中に存在するS,Se,Teが、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素との化合物によって確実に固定されており、S,Se,Teによる残留抵抗比(RRR)の低下を確実に抑制することができる。
この場合、残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上と比較的高いことから、極低温での抵抗値が十分に低く、超伝導体の超伝導状態が破れた際に電流を十分に迂回させることができ、超伝導安定化材として特に優れている。
この場合、鋳造と圧延とを連続で実施するために、生産効率が高く、長尺の超伝導安定化材を得ることが可能となる。
この構成の超伝導線においては、上述のように、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する超伝導安定化材を備えているので、超伝導体の超伝導状態が破れた場合であっても、超伝導体を流れている電流を超伝導安定化材に確実に迂回させることができ、超伝導体全体に常伝導状態が伝播してしまうことを抑制できる。
この構成の超伝導コイルにおいては、上述のように、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する超伝導安定化材を備えた超伝導線を用いているので、安定して使用することが可能となる。
図1に示すように、本実施形態における超伝導線10は、コア部11と、このコア部11の外周側に配置された複数のフィラメント12と、これら複数のフィラメント12の外周側に配置される外殻部13と、を備えている。
ここで、超伝導安定化材20は、図2に示すように、超伝導体からなる素線15の一部において超伝導状態が破れて常伝導領域Aが発生した場合に、超伝導体からなる素線15を流れる電流Iを一時的に迂回させる。
また、本実施形態では、超伝導安定化材20を構成する銅材は、不可避不純物であるFeの含有量が10質量ppm以下、Niの含有量が10質量ppm以下、Asの含有量が5質量ppm以下、Agの含有量が50質量ppm以下、Snの含有量が4質量ppm以下、Sbの含有量が4質量ppm以下、Pbの含有量が6質量ppm以下、Biの含有量が2質量ppm以下、Pの含有量が3質量ppm以下とされている。
さらに、本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20においては、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが、0.5≦Y/X≦100の範囲内とされている。
さらに、本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20においては、残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上とされている。
銅に含まれる不可避不純物のうちS,Se,Teは、銅中に固溶することによって残留抵抗比(RRR)を大きく低下させる元素である。このため、残留抵抗比(RRR)を向上させるためには、これらS,Se,Teの影響を排除する必要がある。
ここで、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、S,Se,Teと反応性が高い元素であることから、S,Se,Teと化合物を生成することによって、これらS,Se,Teが銅中に固溶することを抑制することが可能となる。これにより、残留抵抗比(RRR)を十分に向上させることができる。
なお、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、銅中に固溶しにくい元素であり、さらに銅に固溶しても残留抵抗比(RRR)を低下させる作用が小さいことから、S,Se,Teの含有量に対して過剰に添加した場合であっても、残留抵抗比(RRR)が大きく低下することはない。
なお、S,Se,Teを確実に固定するためには、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の含有量の下限を3.5質量ppm以上とすることが好ましく、4.0質量ppm以上とすることがさらに好ましい。一方、加工性の低下を確実に抑制するためには、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の含有量の上限を300質量ppm以下にすることが好ましく、100質量ppm以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
ガス成分(O,H,C,N,S)を除く不可避不純物については、その濃度を低くすることで残留抵抗比(RRR)が向上することになる。一方、不可避不純物の濃度を必要以上に低減しようとすると、製造プロセスが複雑となって製造コストが大幅に上昇してしまう。そこで、本実施形態では、ガス成分(O,H,C,N,S)を除く不可避不純物の濃度を総計で5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下の範囲内に設定している。
ガス成分(O,H,C,N,S)を除く不可避不純物の濃度を総計で5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下の範囲内とするために、原料としては、純度99~99.9999質量%の高純度銅や無酸素銅(C10100,C10200)を用いることができる。ただし、Oが高濃度にあると、Ca,La,CeがOと反応してしまうため、O濃度が20質量ppm以下とすることが好ましく、更に好ましくは10ppm以下である。より好ましくは5質量ppm以下である。
なお、製造コストの上昇を確実に抑制するためには、不可避不純物の下限を7質量ppm以上とすることが好ましく、10質量ppm以上とすることがさらに好ましい。一方、残留抵抗比(RRR)を確実に向上させるためには、不可避不純物の上限を90質量ppm以下とすることが好ましく、80質量ppm以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
不可避不純物のうちFe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,Pといった特定不純物の元素は、残留抵抗比(RRR)を低下させる作用を有することから、これらの元素の含有量をそれぞれ規定することで、残留抵抗比(RRR)の低下を確実に抑制することが可能となる。そこで、本実施形態では、Feの含有量を10質量ppm以下、Niの含有量を10質量ppm以下、Asの含有量を5質量ppm以下、Agの含有量を50質量ppm以下、Snの含有量を4質量ppm以下、Sbの含有量を4質量ppm以下、Pbの含有量を6質量ppm以下、Biの含有量を2質量ppm以下、Pの含有量を3質量ppm以下に規定している。
上述のように、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、S,Se,Teといった元素と化合物を生成することになる。ここで、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが0.5未満では、添加元素の含有量が不足し、S,Se,Teといった元素を十分に固定できなくなるおそれがある。一方、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xが100を超えると、S,Se,Teと反応しない余剰の添加元素が多く存在することになり、加工性が低下してしまうおそれがある。
以上のことから、本実施形態では、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xを0.5以上100以下の範囲内に規定している。
なお、S,Se,Teといった元素を化合物として確実に固定するためには、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xの下限を0.75以上とすることが好ましく、1.0以上とすることがさらに好ましい。また、加工性の低下を確実に抑制するためには、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xの上限を75以下とすることが好ましく、50以下とすることがさらに好ましい。ここで、超伝導安定化材20におけるS,Se,Teの合計含有量は0質量ppmを超え25質量ppm以下が好ましいが、これに限定されない。
上述のように、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、S,Se,Teといった元素と化合物を生成することにより、S,Se,Teといった元素が銅中に固溶することを抑制している。よって、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素と、S,Se,Teから選択される1種又は2種以上の元素と、を含む化合物が存在することにより、残留抵抗比(RRR)を確実に向上させることが可能となる。
なお、本実施形態においては、S,Se,Teといった元素の含有量が十分に少ないことから、上述の化合物(粒径0.1μm以上)の個数密度の上限は0.1個/μm2以下となり、更に好ましくは0.09個/μm2以下である。より好ましくは0.08個/μm2以下である。
本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20においては、残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上とされていることから、極低温において、抵抗値が低く電流を良好に迂回させることが可能となる。残留抵抗比(RRR)は、280以上であることが好ましく、300以上であることがさらに好ましい。より好ましくは400以上である。なお、残留抵抗比(RRR)を10000以下とすることが好ましいが、これに限定されない。
なお、連続鋳造圧延法(例えばSCR法)等によって、本実施形態で示した組成の荒引銅線を製造し、これを素材として本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20を製造してもよい。この場合、本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20の生産効率が向上し、製造コストを大幅に低減することが可能となる。ここでいう連続鋳造圧延法とは、例えばベルト・ホイール式連続鋳造機と連続圧延装置とを備えた連続鋳造圧延設備を用いて、銅荒引線を製造し、この銅荒引線を素材として引抜銅線を製造する工程のことである。
また、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下とされた銅を用いているので、過度に銅の高純度化を図る必要がなく、製造プロセスが簡易となり、製造コストを低減することができる。
特に本実施形態では、粒径0.1μm以上の化合物の個数密度が0.001個/μm2以上とされているので、S,Se,Teを確実に化合物として固定でき、残留抵抗比(RRR)を十分に向上させることができる。
そして、本実施形態である超伝導線10は、上述のように残留抵抗比(RRR)が高い超伝導安定化材20を備えているので、超伝導体からなる素線15において超伝導状態が破れた常伝導領域Aが発生した場合であっても電流を超伝導安定化材20に確実に迂回させることができ、安定して使用することができる。
例えば、超伝導線10を構成するコア部11及び外殻部13についても、本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20と同様の組成の銅材によって構成してもよい。
本実施例では、研究室実験として、純度99.9999質量%の高純度銅及びCa,Ce及びLaの母合金を原料として用いて、表1記載の組成となるように調整した。また、Fe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,P及びその他の不純物については、純度99.9質量%以上のFe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,Pと純度99.9質量%の純銅とから各々の元素の母合金を作成し、その母合金を用いて調整した。まず、高純度銅をN2+COの還元性ガス雰囲気中で電気炉を用いて溶解し、その後、各種添加元素及び不純物の母合金を添加して所定濃度に調製し、所定の鋳型に鋳造することにより、直径:70mm×長さ:150mmのインゴットを得た。このインゴットから、断面寸法:25mm×25mm角材を切り出し、これに850℃で熱間圧延を施して直径8mmの熱延線材とし、この熱延線材から冷間圧延により直径2.0mmの細線を成形し、これに500℃で1時間保持の歪取り焼鈍を施すことにより、表1に示す評価用線材を製造した。
なお、本実施例では、溶解鋳造の過程において不純物元素の混入も認められた。
これらの評価用線材を用いて、以下の項目について評価した。
四端子法にて、293Kでの電気比抵抗(ρ293K)および液体ヘリウム温度(4.2K)での電気比抵抗(ρ4.2K)を測定し、RRR=ρ293K/ρ4.2Kを算出した。
残留抵抗比(RRR)を測定したサンプルを用いて、成分分析を以下のようにして実施した。ガス成分を除く元素について、10質量ppm未満の場合はグロー放電質量分析法、10質量ppm以上の場合は誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法を用いた。また、Sの分析には赤外線吸収法を用いた。Oの濃度は全て10質量ppm以下であった。なお、Oの分析は赤外線吸収法を用いた。
Ca、La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素と、S,Se,Teのうち1種又は2種以上と、を含む化合物粒子の有無を確認するために、SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)を用いて粒子観察し、この化合物粒子のEDX分析(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)を実施した。
また、化合物の個数密度(個/μm2)を評価するために、化合物の分散状態が特異ではない領域について、10000倍(観察視野:2×108nm2)で観察し、10視野(観察視野合計:2×109nm2)の撮影を行った。化合物の粒径については、化合物の長径(途中で粒界に接しない条件で粒内に最も長く引ける直線の長さ)と短径(長径と直角に交わる方向で、途中で粒界に接しない条件で最も長く引ける直線の長さ)の平均値とした。そして、粒径0.1μm以上の化合物の個数密度(個/μm2)を求めた。
比較例2は、Ca、La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素を添加しなかったものであり、残留抵抗比(RRR)が157と比較的低かった。
比較例3は、Caの添加量が1030質量ppmと本発明の範囲を超えており、塑性加工中に割れが生じた。このため、残留抵抗比(RRR)及び組織観察を実施しなかった。
また、図4に示すように、Caを添加した場合には、CaとSを含む化合物が観察された。さらに、図5に示すように、Laを添加した場合には、LaとSを含む化合物が観察された。
以上のことから、本発明によれば、製造プロセスが比較的簡単で廉価で製造でき、残留抵抗比(RRR)が十分に高い超伝導安定化材を提供できることが確認された。
20、120 超伝導安定化材
Claims (8)
- 超伝導線に用いられる超伝導安定化材であって、
Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素を合計で3質量ppm以上400質量ppm以下の範囲内で含有し、残部がCu及び不可避不純物とされるとともに、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く前記不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下とされた銅材からなることを特徴とする超伝導安定化材。 - 前記不可避不純物であるFeの含有量が10質量ppm以下、Niの含有量が10質量ppm以下、Asの含有量が5質量ppm以下、Agの含有量が50質量ppm以下、Snの含有量が4質量ppm以下、Sbの含有量が4質量ppm以下、Pbの含有量が6質量ppm以下、Biの含有量が2質量ppm以下、Pの含有量が3質量ppm以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超伝導安定化材。
- S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と、Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが、0.5≦Y/X≦100の範囲内とされていることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の超伝導安定化材。
- Ca,La,Ceから選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素とS,Se,Teから選択される1種又は2種以上の元素とを含む化合物が存在していることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の超伝導安定化材。
- 残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の超伝導安定化材。
- 連続鋳造圧延法で製造されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の超伝導安定化材。
- 超伝導体を含む素線と、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の超伝導安定化材と、を備えていることを特徴とする超伝導線。
- 請求項7に記載の超伝導線が巻枠の周面に巻回されてなる巻線部を備えた構造を有することを特徴とする超伝導コイル。
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KR102450306B1 (ko) | 2022-09-30 |
TW201641697A (zh) | 2016-12-01 |
EP3243917B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
JP6056876B2 (ja) | 2017-01-11 |
CN107002180A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CN108546844A (zh) | 2018-09-18 |
JP2016125114A (ja) | 2016-07-11 |
CN107002180B (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
US20170352453A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
TWI593813B (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
EP3243917A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
KR20170102227A (ko) | 2017-09-08 |
US10964453B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
EP3243917A4 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
CN108546844B (zh) | 2020-11-20 |
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